Thermodynamics HW1

Homework
Assignment - 1
Thermodynamics I (24-221), Fall 2014
Due date: Friday, Sept 5
Total point: 100
Drop hard copy in box outside the class. Box will be picked up at 12:40 PM.

1. Units conversion problems (16 Points)
a. Perform the following unit conversions:
i. 0.5 L to in.3
ii. 300 J to Btu
iii. 0.2 kW to ftlbf/s
iv. 150 g/s to lb/min
v. 550 kPa to lbf/in.2
vi. 75 m3/h to ft3/s
vii. 125 km/h to ft/s
viii. 17792 N to ton (=2000lbf)

b. Perform the following unit conversions:
i. 1050 in.3 to L
ii. 102.3 ftlbf to kJ
iii. 250 hp to kW
iv. 1500 lb/h to kg/s
v. 42 lbf/in.2 to bar
vi. 4000 ft3/min to m3/s
vii. 80 mile/h to km/h
viii. 4.2 ton (=2000lbf) to N

2. Force, mass, and weights problems (23 Points)
a. Atomic and molecular weights of some common substances are listed
in Appendix Tables A-1 and A-1E. Using data from the appropriate
tables, determine the mass, in kg, of 50 kmol of each of the following:
air, C3H8, H2O, N2.

b. In severe head-on automobile accidents, a deceleration of 60 gs or
more (1 g = 32.2 ft/s2) often results in a fatality. What force, in lbf, acts
on a child whose mass is 50 lb, when subjected to a deceleration of
60 gs? Convert given quantities from English units to SI units, do the
calculations, and convert back to English units.

c. An astronaut weighs 860 N on Earth where g = 9.81 m/s2. What is the
astronauts weight, in N, on an orbiting space station where the
acceleration of gravity is 6 m/s2? Express each weight in lbf.

d. Using local acceleration of gravity data from the Internet, determine
the weight, in N, of a person whose mass is 75 kg living in:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
Mexico City, Mexico

Cape Town, South Africa
Tokyo, Japan
Chicago, IL
Copenhagen, Denmark

3. Problems to illustrate use of specific volume, volume, and pressure (36
Points)
a. A closed vessel having a volume of 2 liters holds 5.8 1022 molecules
of ammonia vapor. For the ammonia, determine:
i. the amount present, in kg and kmol.
ii. the specific volume, in m3/kg and m3/kmol.

b. The specific volume of water vapor at 0.5 MPa, 200C is 0.425 m3/kg.
If the water vapor occupies a volume of 1 m3, determine:
i. the amount present, in kg and kmol.
ii. the number of molecules.

c. A system consists of carbon monoxide (CO) in a piston-cylinder
assembly, initially at p1 = 1.38 106 Pa, and occupying a volume of
0.06 m3. The carbon monoxide expands to p2 = 2.76 105 Pa and a final
volume of 0.1 m3. During the process, the relationship between
pressure and volume is linear. Determine the volume, in m3, at an
intermediate state where the pressure is 1.03 106 Pa. Convert all
pressure and volume to English units (lbf/in.2 and ft3), then sketch the
process on a graph of pressure versus volume.

d. The figure below shows a gas contained in a vertical piston-cylinder
assembly. A vertical shaft whose cross-sectional area is 0.9 cm2 is
attached to the top of the piston. Determine the magnitude, F, of the
force acting on the shaft, in N, required if the gas pressure is 2.5 bar.
The masses of the piston and attached shaft are 23.5 kg and 0.5 kg,
respectively. The piston diameter is 9 cm. The local atmospheric
pressure is 1 bar. The piston moves smoothly in the cylinder and g =
9.81 m/s2.

e. As shown in the figure below, the exit of a gas compressor empties
into a receiver tank, maintaing the tank contents at a pressure of 150
kPa. If the local atmospheric pressure is 1 bar, what is the reading of
the Bourbon gage mounted on the tank wall in kPa? Is this a vacuum
pressure or a gage pressure? Explain.

4. Problems to illustrate the temperature and its units (17 Points)
a. Based on the records from 1981 to 2010, in Pittsburgh, the highest
daily averaged high temperature is 28.2 C and the lowest daily
averaged low temperature is -6.2 C. Covert these temperatures to F
and R.

b. Convert the following temperatures from F to C and to K:
i. 52F
ii. -41F
iii. 83F
iv. -20F
v. 32F
vi. -459.67F
c. The figure below shows a system consisting of a cylindrical copper

rod insulated on its lateral surface while its ends are in contact with
hot and cold walls at temperatures 1200R and 400R, respectively.
Sketch the variation of temperature with position through the rod, x.

5. Review of concepts. Answer the following true or false. Explain. (8 Points)
a. One nanosecond equals 109 seconds.
b. 1 N equals 1 kg m/s2 but 1 lbf does not equal 1 lb ft/s2.
c. The kilogram for mass and the meter for length are examples of SI
base unites defined relative to fabricated objects
d. If the value of any property of a system changes with time, that system
cannot be at steady state.
e. A refrigerant at an absolute pressure of 0.8 atm is at a gage pressure
of 0.2 atm.
f. The Rankine degree is a smaller temperature unit than the Kelvin
degree.
g. A vessel holding 0.5 kmol of oxygen (O2) contains 16 lb of O2.
h. The pressure unit psia indicates an absolute pressure expressed in
pounds force per square inch.

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Mexico City, Mexico

c. The figure below shows a system consisting of a cylindrical copper

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