IAAF Competition Rules 2014-2015

Competition Rules 2014-2015
Competition
Rules
2014-2015
International Association of Athletics Federations
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF ATHLETICS FEDERATIONS
COMPETITION RULES
2014-2015
IN FORCE AS FROM 1ST NOVEMBER 2013
17, rue Princesse Florestine - BP 359

MC 98007 MONACO Cedex
+377 93 10 88 88 - Fax +377 93 15 95 15
http://www.iaaf.org
IAAF COMPETITION RULES 2014-2015
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD ............................................................................................ 5
LIST OF IAAF RULES ............................................................................ 7
DEFINITIONS .......................................................................................... 11
CHAPTER 1 (INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIONS)...................................... 17
CHAPTER 2 (ELIGIBILITY) .................................................................... 37
CHAPTER 3 (ANTI-DOPING AND MEDICAL) .......................................... 41
SECTION I ANTI-DOPING RULES .................................................. 50
SECTION II MEDICAL RULES ...................................................... 104
CHAPTER 4 (DISPUTES)........................................................................ 109
CHAPTER 5 (TECHNICAL RULES) ........................................................ 121
SECTION I OFFICIALS .............................................................. 123
SECTION II GENERAL COMPETITION RULES .............................. 139
SECTION III TRACK EVENTS ...................................................... 152
SECTION IV FIELD EVENTS ........................................................ 180
A. Vertical Jumps .................................................. 186
B. Horizontal Jumps .............................................. 197
C. Throwing Events .............................................. 202
SECTION V COMBINED EVENTS COMPETITIONS .......................... 228
SECTION VI INDOOR COMPETITIONS .......................................... 231
SECTION VII RACE WALKING EVENTS ........................................ 241
SECTION VIII ROAD RACES .......................................................... 246
SECTION IX CROSS-COUNTRY AND MOUNTAIN RACES .............. 250
SECTION X WORLD RECORDS.................................................... 255
COUNCIL, COMMITTEES, MEMBER FEDERATIONS ............................ 265
INDEX OF TECHNICAL RULES .............................................................. 279
IAAF PARTNER ORGANISATIONS ...................................................... 297
3
Foreword
It is my great pleasure to introduce the latest edition of the IAAF
Competition Rules which covers the period 2014-2015.
The IAAF Competition Rules have provided the definitive point of
reference for the standardisation of Athletics throughout the IAAFs
history, documenting the sports development and its approved
administration over the course of a century and more.
Notable in the 2014-2015 edition, Chapter 1 (International Competitions)
includes a new, enlarged Rule 9 concerning Betting and other AntiCorruption Violations, while in Chapter 5 (Technical Rules), Mountain
Running is now defined separately as a discipline in its own right
(Rule 251).
Two other Technical Rules of particular interest concern Combined Events
and World Records recognised: The Decathlon has now replaced the
current Octathlon for Youth Boys to better provide for the transition of
young male athletes in Combined Events. There are also now two World
Records recognised for Women in Road Races: a World Record for
performances achieved in mixed gender races and a World Record for
performances achieved in single gender races.
I would like to thank all those involved with compiling this publication. It
should go without saying that our sport internationally would cease to
function properly without it.
Lamine Diack
IAAF President
List of IAAF Rules

Rule
Page
DEFINITIONS
31
11
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
CHAPTER 1 (INTERNATIONAL
COMPETITIONS)
[RULES 1 TO 9]
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
International Competitions
19
Authorisation to Stage
Competitions
20
Regulations Governing the
Conduct of International
Competitions
21
Requirements to Compete in
22
Eligibility to Represent
a Member
23
Payments to Athletes
26
Athletes Representatives
26
Advertising and Displays during
27
Betting and other
Anti-Corruption Violations
27
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
SECTION II MEDICAL RULES

48 IAAF Medical Organisation
49 Athletes
50 Member Federations
51 Medical / Safety Services at
CHAPTER 2 (ELIGIBILITY)
[RULES 20 TO 22]
20
21
22
Definition of Eligible Athlete 39

Restriction of Competition to
Eligible Athletes
39
Ineligibility for International and
Domestic Competitions
39
43
SECTION I ANTI-DOPING RULES

30 Scope of the Anti-Doping
Rules
50
104
105
106
106
CHAPTER 4 (DISPUTES) [RULE 60]

60
Disputes
111
CHAPTER 5 (TECHNICAL RULES)

[RULES 100 TO 264]
CHAPTER 3 (ANTI-DOPING
AND MEDICAL)
[RULES 30 TO 51]
Definitions
IAAF Anti-Doping
Organisation
51
Anti-Doping Rule Violations 55
Proof of Doping
57
The Prohibited List
59
Testing
61
Analysis of Samples
66
Results Management
68
Disciplinary Procedures
73
Automatic Disqualification of
Individual Results
80
Sanctions on Individuals
80
Sanctions on Teams
92
Appeals
93
Member Reporting Obligations 99
Sanctions against Members 100
Recognition
101
Statute of Limitations
102
Interpretation
103
100 General
123
SECTION I - OFFICIALS
110 International Officials
111 Organisational Delegates
112 Technical Delegates
113 Medical Delegate
114 Doping Control Delegate
123
124
124
125
125
115 International Technical

Officials (ITOs) and
International Cross- Country,
Road Running and Mountain
Running Officials (ICROs)
116 International Race Walking
Judges (IRWJs)
117 International Road Course
Measurer
118 International Starter and
International Photo Finish
Judge
119 Jury of Appeal
120 Officials of the Competition
121 Competition Director
122 Meeting Manager
123 Technical Manager
124 Event Presentation Manager
125 Referees
126 Judges
127 Umpires (Running and Race
Walking Events)
128 Timekeepers, Photo Finish
Judges and Transponder
Timing Judges
129 Start Coordinator, Starter
and Recallers
130 Starters Assistants
131 Lap Scorers
132 Competition Secretary,
Technical Information
Centre (TIC)
133 Marshal
134 Announcer
135 Official Surveyor
136 Wind Gauge Operator
137 Measurement Judge
(Scientific)
138 Call Room Judges
139 Advertising Commissioner
SECTION II - GENERAL
COMPETITION RULES
140 The Athletics Facility
141 Age and Sex Categories
142 Entries
143 Clothing, Shoes and Athlete
Bibs
144 Assistance to Athletes
145 Disqualification
146 Protests and Appeals
147 Mixed Competition
148 Measurements
149 Validity of Performances
150 Video Recording
151 Scoring
125
126
126
127
127
127
129
129
130
130
130
132
SECTION III - TRACK EVENTS

160 Track Measurements
161 Starting Blocks
162 The Start
163 The Race
164 The Finish
165 Timing and Photo Finish
166 Seedings, Draws and
Qualification in Track Events
167 Ties
168 Hurdle Races
169 Steeplechase Races
170 Relay Races
133
133
134
135
136
SECTION IV - FIELD EVENTS

180 General Conditions Field
Events
136
137
137
137
137
139
139
140
142
144
146
147
149
149
150
150
151
152
153
154
158
161
162
166
171
171
174
176
180
A. Vertical Jumps
181 General Conditions Vertical
Jumps
186
182 High Jump
189
183 Pole Vault
192
B. Horizontal Jumps
184 General Conditions
Horizontal Jumps
138
138
138
197
185 Long Jump

186 Triple Jump
199
201
C. Throwing Events
187 General Conditions
Throwing Events
188 Shot Put
189 Discus Throw
190 Discus Cage
191 Hammer Throw
192 Hammer Cage
193 Javelin Throw
202
209
211
212
214
217
223
220
221
222
223
Pole Vault
Horizontal Jumps
Shot Put
Combined Events
Competitions
SECTION VII - RACE WALKING

EVENTS
230 Race Walking
238
238
239
240
241
SECTION VIII - ROAD RACES

240 Road Races
SECTION V - COMBINED EVENTS

COMPETITIONS
200 Combined Events
Competitions
228
246
SECTION IX - CROSS-COUNTRY AND

MOUNTAIN RACES
250 Cross-Country Races
251 Mountain Races
SECTION VI - INDOOR COMPETITIONS

210 Applicability of Outdoor
Rules to Indoor Competitions 231
211 The Indoor Stadium
231
212 The Straight Track
232
213 The Oval Track and Lanes
232
214 Start and Finish on the Oval
Track
233
215 Seedings, Draws and
Qualification in Track Events 235
216 Clothing, Shoes and Athlete
Bibs
237
217 Hurdle Races
237
218 Relay Races
237
219 High Jump
238
250
252
SECTION X - WORLD RECORDS
255
260 World Records

261 Events for which World
Records are Recognised
Junior Records are
Recognised
Indoor Records are
Recognised
Junior Indoor Records
are Recognised
255
261
262
263
264
DEFINITIONS
11
DEFINITIONS
Area
The geographical area comprising all of the Countries and Territories
affiliated to one of the six Area Associations.
Area Association
An area association of the IAAF responsible for fostering Athletics in one
of the six areas into which the Members are divided in the Constitution.
Athlete
An athlete for the purposes of Rule 9 who participates in an International
Competition.
Athletes Representative
A person who is duly authorised and registered as an Athletes
Representative in accordance with the IAAF Athletes Representative
Regulations.
Athletes Representative Regulations
The IAAF Athletes Representative Regulations as may be passed by the
Council from time.
Athletes Support Personnel
Any coach, trainer, manager, Athlete Representative, agent, team staff,
official, medical or para-medical personnel, parent or any other Person
employed by or working with an Athlete or Athletes National Federation
participating in an International Competition.
Athletics
Track and Field, Road Running, Race Walking, Cross-Country Running
and Mountain Running.
Benefit
The direct or indirect receipt or provision (as relevant) of money or
moneys worth (other than prize money and/or contractual payments to be
made under endorsement, sponsorship or other contracts).
Bet
A wager of money or any other form of financial speculation.
Betting
Making, accepting, or laying a Bet and shall include, without limitation,
activities commonly referred to as sports betting such as fixed and running
13
Definitions
odds, totalisator / toto games, live betting, betting exchange, spread betting
and other games offered by sports betting operators.
CAS
Court of Arbitration for Sport in Lausanne.
Citizen
A person who has legal Citizenship of a Country or, in the case of a
Territory, legal Citizenship of the Territorys parent Country and
appropriate legal status in the Territory under applicable laws.
Citizenship
Legal citizenship of a Country or, in the case of a Territory, legal
citizenship of the Territorys parent Country and appropriate legal status in
the Territory under applicable laws.
Club
A club or society of athletes, directly or through a body, affiliated to a
Member in accordance with the rules of the Member.
Commission
A commission of the IAAF that has been appointed by the Council under
the terms of the Constitution.
Competition
An Event or series of Events held over one or more days.
Constitution
The IAAF Constitution.
Council
The IAAF Council.
Country
A self-governing geographical area of the world recognised as an
independent state by international law and international governmental bodies.
Event
A single race or contest in a Competition (e.g. the 100 metres or the Javelin
Throw), including any qualifying rounds thereof.
IAAF
The International Association of Athletics Federations.
Inside Information
Any information relating to any Competition or Event that a Participant
possesses by virtue of his position within the sport. Such information
Definitions
14
includes, but is not limited to, factual information regarding the

competitors, the conditions, tactical considerations or any other aspect of
the Competition or Event, but does not include such information that is
already published or a matter of public record, readily acquired by an
interested member of the public or disclosed according to the rules and
regulations governing the relevant Event or International Competition.
International Competition
Any of the International Competitions listed under Rule 1.1 of these Rules.
International Invitation Meeting
Athletics competition in which athletes affiliated to two or more Members
participate by invitation of the Meeting Organiser.
International-Level Athlete
An athlete who is in the Registered Testing Pool (as defined in Chapter 3)
or who is competing in an International Competition under Rule 35.7.
IOC
International Olympic Committee.
Major Event Organisation
Any international multi-sport organisation (e.g., the IOC) that acts as the
ruling body for any continental, regional or other International
Competition.
Member
A national governing body for Athletics affiliated to the IAAF.
Membership
Membership of the IAAF.
National Federation
The Member of the IAAF to which an athlete, athlete support personnel or
other person under these Rules is affiliated directly or through club or
another body affiliated to a Member.
Participant
Athletes, Athlete Support Personnel, competition officials, officials,
managers or other members of any delegation, referees, jury members and
any other persons accredited to attend or participate in an International
Competition and the term Participant in Rule 9 shall be construed
accordingly.
Person
A natural person, organisation or other entity.
15
Definitions
Regulations
The Regulations of the IAAF as may be passed by the Council from time
to time.
Residence
Residence is the place or location in which the athlete is registered with
relevant authorities as having his primary and permanent home.
Rules
The rules of competition of the IAAF as set out in this Competition Rules
handbook.
Technical Rules
The Rules contained in Chapter 5 of the IAAF Competition Rules
handbook.
Territory
A geographical territory or region which is not a Country, but which has
certain aspects of self-government, at least to the extent of being
autonomous in the control of its sport and which is thus recognised as such
by the IAAF.
World Athletics Series
The major International Competitions in the IAAFs four-yearly official
competition programme.
Note (i): The above definitions apply to all Rules except where the same
terms are also defined in Chapter 3 (Anti-Doping and Medical) e.g.,
International Competition, in which case the above definitions apply to all
Rules except Chapter 3. The definitions in Chapter 3 apply to the AntiDoping and Medical Rules only.
Note (ii): All references in the Rules to the masculine gender shall also
include references to the feminine and all references to the singular shall
also include references to the plural.
Note (iii): IAAF publications The Referee and Le juge arbitre, in
English and French respectively, provide interpretation to the Competition
Rules and practical guidance for their implementation.
Note (iv): Amendments (other than editorial amendments) to the
corresponding Rules in the IAAF Competition Rules 2014-2015, approved
by the 2013 Congress or by the Council, are marked by double lines in the
margin and are applicable from 1st November 2013 unless otherwise stated.
16
CHAPTER 1
INTERNATIONAL
COMPETITIONS
17
CHAPTER 1: INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIONS

RULE 1
1.
2.
The following are International Competitions:

(a) (i) Competitions included in the World Athletics Series.
(ii) The Athletics programme of the Olympic Games.
(b) The Athletics programme of Area, Regional or Group Games
not confined to participants from a single Area where the IAAF
does not have exclusive control.
(c) Regional or Group Championships in Athletics not confined to
participants from a single Area.
(d) Matches between teams from different Areas representing
Members or Areas or combinations thereof.
(e) International Invitation Meetings and competitions which are
categorised by the IAAF as part of the global structure and
approved by the Council.
(f) Area Championships and other intra-Area competitions
organised by an Area Association.
(g) The Athletics programme of Area, Regional or Group Games,
and Regional or Group Championships in Athletics confined to
participants from a single Area.
(h) Matches between teams representing two or more Members or
combinations thereof within the same Area, with the exception
of Youth and Junior category competitions.
(i) International Invitation Meetings and competitions, other than
those referred to in Rule 1.1(e), where appearance fees, prize
money and/or the value of non-cash prizes exceed USD 50,000
in total, or USD 8,000 for any one event.
(j) Area programmes similar to those referred to in Rule 1.1(e).
The Rules shall apply as follows:
(a) The Eligibility Rules (Chapter 2), the rules governing Disputes
(Chapter 4) and the Technical Rules (Chapter 5) shall apply to
all International Competitions. Other international organisations
recognised by the IAAF may have and enforce more restrictive
eligibility requirements for competitions conducted under their
jurisdiction.
(b) The Anti-Doping Rules in Chapter 3 shall apply to all
International Competitions (save as otherwise expressly stated in
19
RULE 1
Chapter 3), except that, where the IOC, or another international

organisation recognised by the IAAF for such purpose, carries
out doping control at a competition under their rules, such as the
Olympic Games, those rules shall govern to the extent
applicable.
(c) The Advertising Rule (Rule 8) shall apply to all International
Competitions listed in Rules 1.1(a)(i), (c), (d), and (e). Area
Associations may promulgate their own advertising regulations
to apply to the International Competitions listed in Rules 1.1(f),
(g), (h), (i) and (j), failing which those of the IAAF shall apply.
(d) Rules 2 to 7 and Rule 9 shall apply to all International
Competitions, except to the extent any Rule specifically limits its
applicability.
RULE 2
Authorisation to Stage Competitions
1.
2.
3
4.
The IAAF is responsible for supervising a global competition system

in cooperation with the Area Associations. The IAAF shall coordinate
its competition calendar and those of the respective Area Associations
in order to avoid or minimise conflicts. All International
Competitions must be authorised by the IAAF or an Area Association
in accordance with this Rule 2. Any combination or integration of
International Meetings into a Series / Tour or League requires a
permit from the IAAF or the concerned Area Association including
the necessary regulation or contractual condition for such an activity.
The operation may be delegated to a third party. In the event that an
Area Association fails properly to manage and control International
Competitions in accordance with these Rules, the IAAF shall be
entitled to intervene and take such steps as it deems necessary.
The IAAF alone shall have the right to organise the Athletics
competition at the Olympic Games and the competitions that are
included in the World Athletics Series.
The IAAF shall organise a World Championships in odd-numbered
years.
Area Associations shall have the right to organise Area
Championships and they may organise such other intra-Area events
as they deem appropriate.
Competitions Requiring an IAAF Permit

5. (a) An IAAF permit is required for all International Competitions
listed in Rules 1.1(b), (c), (d) and (e).
RULES 1, 2
20
(b) An application for a permit must be made to the IAAF by the

Member in whose Country or Territory the International
Competition is to take place not later than 12 months prior to the
competition, or such other deadline as may be established by the
IAAF.
Competitions Requiring an Area Association Permit
6. (a) An Area Association Permit is required for all International
Competitions listed in Rules 1.1(g), (h), (i), and (j). Permits for
International Invitation Meetings or competitions where
appearance fees, prize money and/or the value of non-cash prizes
exceed USD 250,000 in total, or USD 25,000 for any one event,
shall not be issued prior to the Area Associations consultation
with the IAAF regarding the date.
(b) An application for a permit must be made to the appropriate Area
Association by the Member in whose Country or Territory the
International Competition is to take place not later than 12
months prior to the competition, or such other deadline as may
be established by the Area Association.
Competitions Authorised by a Member
7. Members may authorise national competitions, and foreign athletes
may participate in those competitions, subject to Rules 4.2 and 4.3.
If foreign athletes do participate, appearance fees, prize money,
and/or non-cash prizes for all athletes at such national competitions
shall not exceed USD 50,000 in total, or USD 8,000 for any one
event. No athlete may participate in any such competition if he is
ineligible to participate in the sport of Athletics under the rules of the
IAAF, the host Member, or the National Federation to which he is
affiliated.
RULE 3
Regulations Governing the Conduct of International Competitions
1.
2.
The Council may produce Regulations governing the conduct of

International Competitions held under the Rules and regulating the
relationships of athletes, athletes representatives, meeting organisers
and Members. These Regulations may be varied or amended by the
Council as it sees fit.
The IAAF and Area Associations may designate one or more
representatives to attend every International Competition requiring
an IAAF or Area Association Permit respectively to ensure that the
applicable Rules and Regulations are complied with. At the request
21
RULES 2, 3
of the IAAF or Area Association respectively, such representative(s)

shall render a compliance report within 30 days of the end of the
International Competition in question.
RULE 4
Requirements to Compete in International Competitions
1.
2.
3.
No athlete may take part in an International Competition unless he:

(a) is a member of a Club affiliated to a Member; or
(b) is himself affiliated to a Member; or
(c) has otherwise agreed to abide by the rules of a Member; and
(d) for International Competitions at which the IAAF is responsible
for doping control (see Rule 35.7), has signed an agreement in a
form set by the IAAF by which he agrees to be bound by the
Rules and Regulations (as amended from time to time) and to
submit all disputes he may have with the IAAF or a Member to
arbitration only in accordance with these Rules, accepting not to
refer any such disputes to any Court or authority which is not
provided for in these Rules.
Members may require that no athlete or Club affiliated to the Member
may take part in an International Competition in a foreign Country or
Territory without the Members written approval. In such a case, no
Member hosting a competition shall allow any foreign athlete or Club
of the Member in question to take part without evidence of such
permit certifying that the athlete or Club is eligible and permitted to
compete in the Country or Territory concerned. Members shall notify
the IAAF of all such permit requirements. To facilitate compliance
with this Rule, the IAAF shall maintain on its website a list of
Members with such requirements.
No athlete affiliated to a National Federation may be affiliated to
another Member without previous authorisation from his National
Federation of origin, if the Rules of that Federation require such
authorisation. Even then, the National Federation of the Country or
Territory in which the athlete is residing cannot enter any athletes
name for competitions in another Country or Territory without
previous authorisation from the National Federation of origin. In all
cases under this Rule, the National Federation of the Country or
Territory in which the athlete is residing shall send a written request
to the athletes National Federation of origin, and the National
Federation of origin shall send a written reply to that request within
thirty (30) days. Both of these communications shall be by a means
that generates an acknowledgement of receipt. E-mail that includes a
RULES 3, 4
22
receipt function is acceptable for this purpose. If the response of the

athletes National Federation of origin is not received within the 30day period, the authorisation shall be deemed to have been given.
In the event of a negative response to a request for authorisation under
this Rule, which response must be supported by reasons, the athlete
or the National Federation of the Country or Territory in which the
athlete is residing may appeal against any such decision to the IAAF.
The IAAF shall publish guidelines for the filing of an appeal under
this Rule and these guidelines shall be available on the IAAF website.
To facilitate compliance with this Rule, the IAAF shall maintain on
its website a list of National Federations with such authorisation
requirements.
Note: Rule 4.3 concerns athletes aged 18 or over as at the 31st of
December of the year in question. The Rule does not apply to athletes
who are not Citizens of a Country or Territory or to political
refugees.
RULE 5
Eligibility to Represent a Member
1.
2.
In International Competitions held under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c), (f) or

(g), Members shall be represented only by athletes who are Citizens
of the Country (or Territory) which the affiliated Member represents
and who comply with the eligibility requirements of this Rule 5.
An athlete who has never competed in an International Competition
under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c), (f) or (g) shall be eligible to represent a
Member in an International Competition under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c),
(f) or (g) if he is:
(a) a Citizen of the Country (or Territory) by virtue of having been
born or by virtue of having a parent or grandparent born in the
Country (or Territory); or
(b) a Citizen of the Country (or Territory) through the acquisition
of a new Citizenship but, in such a case, he may represent his
new Member no earlier than one year following the date of
acquisition of new Citizenship pursuant to the athletes
application. This period of one year may be reduced or cancelled
as set out below:
(i) the period shall be cancelled if the athlete has completed
one continuous year of Residence in the Country (or
Territory) immediately preceding the International
Competition in question;
(ii) the period may be reduced or cancelled in exceptional cases
23
RULES 4, 5
3.
4.
by the Council. An application for a reduction or

cancellation must be submitted by the relevant Member in
writing to the IAAF Office at least 30 days before the
Subject to Rule 5.4, an athlete who has represented a Member in an
International Competition held under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c), (f) or (g)
shall not be eligible to represent another Member in an International
Competition held under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c), (f) or (g).
An athlete who has represented a Member in an International
Competition under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c), (f) or (g) shall be eligible to
represent another Member in an International Competition under
Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c), (f) or (g) (with immediate effect unless
otherwise stated) in the following circumstances only:
(a) if the Country (or Territory) of the Member is subsequently
incorporated in another Country that is or subsequently becomes
a Member;
(b) if the Country (or Territory) of the Member ceases to exist and
the athlete becomes a Citizen as of right of a newly formed
Country ratified by Treaty or otherwise recognised at
international level that subsequently becomes a Member;
(c) if the Territory of the Member does not have a National Olympic
Committee and an athlete qualifies to compete at the Olympic
Games for the Territorys parent Country. In such a case, the
athletes representation of the Territorys parent Country at the
Olympic Games shall not affect his eligibility to continue to
compete for the relevant Member Territory in other International
Competitions under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c), (f) or (g);
(d) Acquisition of new Citizenship: if the athlete acquires a new
Citizenship, he may represent his new Member in an
International Competition under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c), (f) or (g),
but no earlier than three years following the date of acquisition
of new Citizenship pursuant to the athletes application. This
period of three years may be reduced or cancelled as set out
below:
(i) the period may be reduced to 12 months with the agreement
of the Members concerned. The reduction shall be effective
upon receipt by the IAAF Office of a written notification
of the Members agreement;
(ii) the period shall be cancelled if the athlete has completed
three continuous years of Residence in the Country (or
RULE 5
24
5.
Territory) of his new membership immediately preceding

the International Competition in question;
(iii) the period may be reduced or cancelled in exceptional cases
(e) Dual Citizenship: if an athlete holds Citizenship of two (or more)
Countries (or Territories), he may represent the Member of either
(or any) of them, as he may elect. However, having once
represented his elected Member in an International Competition
under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c), (f) or (g), he shall not represent another
Member of which he is a Citizen for a period of three years from
the date that he last represented the first elected Member. This
period may be reduced or cancelled as set out below:
(i) the period may be reduced to 12 months with the agreement
of the Members concerned. The reduction shall be effective
upon receipt by the IAAF Office of a written notification
of the Members agreement;
(ii) the period may be reduced or cancelled in exceptional cases
The application of Rule 5.4(e) is limited to athletes who were
born with dual citizenship. An athlete who holds Citizenship of
two or more Countries (or Territories) by virtue of the fact that
he has acquired a new Citizenship (for example, through
marriage) without relinquishing his Citizenship of birth is subject
to the provisions of Rule 5.4(d).
In accordance with Rule 21.2, the eligibility of an athlete competing
under these Rules shall at all times be guaranteed by the Member to
which the athlete is affiliated. The burden of proof in establishing
whether an athlete is eligible in accordance with this Rule 5 rests with
the Member and the athlete concerned. The Member must provide
the IAAF with valid / authentic documentation demonstrating the
athletes eligibility and such other evidence as may be necessary to
prove the athletes eligibility on a definitive basis. If required by the
IAAF, Members shall provide a certified copy of all documentation
on which it seeks to rely in demonstrating the athletes eligibility
under this Rule.
25
RULE 5
RULE 6
Payments to Athletes
Athletics is an open sport and, subject to the Rules and Regulations,
athletes may be paid in cash or in kind in any way appropriate for
appearing, participating or performing in any athletics competition or
engaging in any other commercial activity related to their participation in
Athletics.
RULE 7
Athletes Representatives
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Athletes may use the services of an Athletes Representative to assist

them in the negotiation of their athletics programme and in such other
matters as they may agree. Alternatively, athletes may negotiate their
own Athletics programmes.
Athletes in the IAAF Top-30 List in a standard event as of the end of
a calendar year shall not, during the following year, enter into or
extend an agreement to use any person in respect of the above
services who is not an Athletes Representative.
Members, acting reasonably, shall be responsible for the authorisation
and recognition of Athletes Representatives. Each Member shall
have jurisdiction over Athletes Representatives acting on behalf of
their athletes and over Athletes Representatives acting within their
Country or Territory or over Athletes Representatives who are
nationals of their Country.
To assist Members in this task, the Council shall publish Regulations
governing Athletes Representatives. The Athletes Representative
Regulations shall provide for mandatory requirements to be included
in each Members regulations governing Athletes Representatives.
It is a condition of Membership that each Member includes a
provision in its constitution that all agreements between an athlete
and an Athletes Representative shall comply with the Rules and the
Athletes Representative Regulations.
An Athletes Representative shall have integrity and good reputation.
If required to do so, he shall demonstrate sufficient education and
knowledge for the activity of Athletes Representative by successfully
completing an examination established and organised in accordance
with the Athletes Representative Regulations.
Each Member shall annually provide to the IAAF a list of all
Athletes Representatives that it has authorised or recognised. The
RULES 6, 7
26
8.
IAAF shall annually publish an official list of all Athletes

Representatives.
Any athlete or Athletes Representative who does not comply with
the Rules and Regulations, may be subject to sanctions in accordance
with the Rules and Regulations.
RULE 8
Advertising and Displays during International Competitions
1.
2.
3.
Advertising and displays of a promotional nature shall be permitted

in all International Competitions as specified in Rule 1.2(c), provided
such advertising and displays comply with the terms of this Rule and
with any Regulations that may be passed hereunder.
The Council may pass Regulations from time to time giving detailed
guidance as to the form advertising may take and the manner in which
promotional or other material may be displayed at International
Competitions conducted under these Rules. These Regulations shall
adhere to at least the following principles:
(a) Only advertising of a commercial or charitable nature shall be
allowed at competitions conducted under these Rules. No
advertising which has as its objective the advancement of any
political cause or the interests of any pressure group, whether
domestic or international, shall be allowed.
(b) No advertising may appear which, in the opinion of the IAAF,
is tasteless, distracting, offensive, defamatory or unsuitable
bearing in mind the nature of the event. No advertising may
appear which obscures, either partially or otherwise, the
television cameras view of a competition. All advertising must
comply with any applicable safety regulations.
(c) The advertising of tobacco products is prohibited. The
advertising of alcohol products is prohibited, unless expressly
permitted by the Council.
The Regulations under this Rule may be amended by the Council at
any time.
RULE 9
Betting and other Anti-Corruption Violations
1.
This Rule shall apply to all Participants who participate or assist in an

International Competition and each Participant shall automatically be
bound by, and be required to comply with, this Rule by virtue of such
participation or assistance.
27
RULES 7, 8, 9
2.
3.
It shall be the personal responsibility of every Participant to make

himself aware of this Rule, including what conduct constitutes a
violation, and to comply with it.
Each Participant submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the IAAF
Ethics Commission convened under the IAAF Code of Ethics to hear
and determine charges brought by the IAAF and to the exclusive
jurisdiction of CAS to determine any appeal from a decision of the
IAAF Ethics Commission.
Betting and other anti-corruption violations

4. The following conduct by a Participant shall constitute a violation
under this Rule (in each case, whether effected directly or indirectly).
5. Betting:
(a) Participation in, support for, or promotion of, any form of
Betting related to an Event or Competition, including Betting
with another Person on the result, progress, outcome, conduct
or any other aspect of such an Event or Competition. Rule 9.5(a)
applies to any form of Betting related to an Event or Competition
in which the Participant is directly participating or that is
otherwise taking place in the Participants sport or that is taking
place in another sport at a Competition hosted by a Major Event
Organisation in which the Participant is participating.
(b) Inducing, instructing, facilitating or encouraging a Participant to
commit a violation of Rule 9.5.
6. Manipulation of results:
(a) Fixing or contriving in any way, or otherwise improperly
influencing, or being a party to fix or contrive in any way or
otherwise improperly influence, the result, progress, outcome,
conduct or any other aspect of an Event or Competition;
(b) Ensuring or seeking to ensure the occurrence of a particular
incident in an Event or Competition, which occurrence is to the
Participants knowledge the subject of a Bet and for which he
or another Person expects to receive or has received a Benefit;
(c) Failing, in return for a Benefit (or the legitimate expectation of
a Benefit, irrespective of whether such Benefit is in fact given or
received) to perform to ones abilities in an Event or
Competition;
(d) Inducing, instructing, facilitating or encouraging a Participant to
7. Bribery:
(a) Accepting, offering, agreeing to accept or offer, any bribe or
other Benefit (or the legitimate expectation of a Benefit,
RULE 9
28
irrespective of whether such Benefit is in fact given or received)

to fix or contrive in any way, or otherwise to influence
improperly the result, progress, outcome, conduct or any other
aspect of an Event or Competition;
8. Gifts:
(a) Providing, offering, giving, requesting or receiving any gift or
Benefit (or the legitimate expectation of a Benefit, irrespective
of whether such Benefit is in fact given or received) in
circumstances that the Participant might reasonably have
expected could bring him or the sport of Athletics into disrepute;
9. Misuse of Inside Information:
(a) Using Inside Information for Betting purposes or otherwise in
relation to Betting;
(b) Disclosing Inside Information to any Person (with or without
Benefit) where the Participant might reasonably be expected to
know that the disclosure of such information in such
circumstances could be used in relation to Betting;
(c) Inducing, instructing, facilitating or encouraging a Participant to
10. Other Violations:
(a) Any attempt by a Participant, or any agreement by a Participant
with any other Person, to act in a manner that would culminate
in the commission of a violation of this Rule shall be treated as
if a violation had been committed, whether or not such attempt
or agreement in fact resulted in such violation. However, there
shall be no violation under this Rule where the Participant
renounces his attempt or agreement prior to its being discovered
by a third party not involved in the attempt or agreement;
(b) Knowingly assisting, covering up or otherwise being complicit
in any acts or omissions of the type described in Rule 9
committed by a Participant;
(c) Failing to report to the IAAF or other competent authority
(without undue delay) full details of any approaches or
invitations received by the Participant to engage in conduct that
would amount to a violation of this Rule;
(d) Failing to report to the IAAF or other competent authority
(without undue delay) full details of any incident, fact or matter
29
RULE 9
that comes to the attention of the Participant that may evidence

a violation under this Rule by a third party, including (without
limitation) approaches or invitations that have been received by
any other party to engage in conduct that would amount to a
violation of this Rule;
(e) Failing without compelling justification to cooperate with any
reasonable investigation carried out in relation to a possible
violation of this Rule, including failing to provide any
information and/or documentation requested that may be
relevant to such investigation.
11. The following are not relevant to the determination of a violation
under this Rule:
(a) whether or not the Participant was participating or an Athlete
assisted by another Participant was participating in the specific
Event or Competition;
(b) the nature or outcome of any Bet in issue;
(c) the outcome of the Event or Competition on which such Bet was
made;
(d) whether or not the Participants efforts or performance (if any)
in the Event or Competition in issue were (or could be expected
to be) affected by the acts or omissions in question;
(e) whether or not any of the results in the Event or Competition in
issue were (or could be expected to be) affected by the acts or
omissions in question.
Investigation and hearing of alleged violations
12. Any allegation or suspicion of a violation of Rule 9 shall be notified
in writing to the IAAF General Secretary who shall refer the matter
to the IAAF Executive Board. The IAAF Executive Board shall
designate an independent person or persons to be responsible for
investigation of the allegation or suspicion and for determination as
to whether to issue a charge.
13. The hearing of alleged violations of this Rule shall be conducted by
the IAAF Ethics Commission which shall determine its own hearing
procedure under the IAAF Code of Ethics.
Standard of Proof
14. The standard of proof in all cases under this Rule shall be whether the
IAAF Ethics Commission is comfortably satisfied, bearing in mind
the seriousness of the allegation, that the alleged violation has been
committed. The standard of proof in all cases shall be greater than a
mere balance of probability but less than proof beyond reasonable
RULE 9
30
doubt. The burden of establishing that a violation of Rule 9 has

occurred shall be on the IAAF.
15. The IAAF Ethics Commission shall not be bound by judicial rules
governing the admissibility of evidence. Facts related to violations
of Rule 9 may be established by any reliable means, including but
not limited to, admissions, evidence of third persons, witness
statements, experts reports, documentary records and analytical data
or information.
16. The IAAF Ethics Commission shall have discretion to accept any
facts established by a decision of a court or professional disciplinary
tribunal of competent jurisdiction which is not the subject of a
pending appeal as irrefutable evidence of those facts against the
Participant to whom the decision relates unless the Participant
establishes that the relevant decision violated principles of natural
justice.
17. The IAAF Ethics Commission may draw an inference adverse to the
Participant who is asserted to have committed a violation based on his
refusal, without compelling justification, after a request made in
reasonable time in advance of the hearing, to appear at the hearing
(either in person or telephonically as directed by the IAAF Ethics
Commission) or to answer any relevant questions.
Sanctions
18. A violation of Rule 9 by an Athlete occurring during or in connection
with an Event in which the Athlete is participating shall lead to the
automatic disqualification of the Athlete and the annulment of all of
the Athletes results from the Event, with all resulting consequences
for the Athlete, including the forfeiture of all titles, awards, medals,
points and prize and appearance money.
19. Where the Athlete who has committed a violation under Rule 9
participated as a member of a relay team, the relay team shall be
automatically disqualified from the Event in question, with all
resulting consequences for the relay team, including the annulment of
all results and forfeiture of all titles, awards, medals and points and
prize and appearance money.
20. In all other cases, the IAAF Ethics Commission shall decide whether
or not a violation of Rule 9 shall lead to the disqualification of results
from an Event or Competition taking into consideration the specific
circumstances of the violation in question.
21. Where it is determined that a violation of Rule 9 has been committed,
the IAAF Ethics Commission shall also be required to impose an
31
RULE 9
appropriate sanction upon the Participant from the range of sanctions

set out below:
Violation
Range of Sanction
Rule 9.5 (Betting)
A minimum of two (2) years and a

maximum of four (4) years Ineligibility
Rule 9.6
(Manipulation of
Results)
Rule 9.7 (Bribery)

Rule 9.8 (Gifts)

Rule 9.9 (Misuse of

Inside Information)

Rule 9.10(b) and (c)

(Other violations)

Rule 9.10(d) and (e)

(Other violations)
A minimum of two (2) year and a

maximum of a four (4) years Ineligibility

In addition to the imposition of a period of Ineligibility as set out

above, the IAAF Ethics Commission may, at its discretion, impose a
fine of up to a maximum amount of the value of any Benefit received
by the Participant out of, or in relation to, the violation(s) of Rule 9.
22. In order to determine the appropriate sanction to be imposed in each
case, the IAAF Ethics Commission shall assess the relative
seriousness of the violation, including identifying all relevant factors
that it deems to aggravate or mitigate the nature of the violation
committed:
(a) Aggravating factors may include without limitation: whether the
Participant committed the violation on more than one occasion;
whether the Participant committed more than one violation;
whether the Participant had previously been found guilty of a
similar violation; whether the violation involved more than one
Participant; whether the Participant failed to co-operate in any
RULE 9
32
23.
24.
25.
26.
investigation in his case; where the amount of any profits,

winnings or other Benefit, directly or indirectly received by the
Participant as a result of the violation(s) is substantial and/or
where the sums of money otherwise involved in the violation(s)
were substantial; whether the Participant showed a lack of
remorse for the violation committed; whether the violation
affected the result or outcome of the relevant Event or
Competition, or any part of it; any other aggravating factors(s)
that the IAAF Ethics Commission considers relevant and
appropriate.
(b) Mitigating factors may include without limitation: whether the
Participant admitted the violation; the Participants good
previous disciplinary record; the Participants young age and/or
lack of experience; whether the violation affected or had the
potential to affect the result or outcome of the relevant Event or
Competition, or any part of it; where the Participant has cooperated with any investigation conducted in his case; any other
mitigating factor that the IAAF Ethics Commission considers
relevant and appropriate.
Any period of ineligibility imposed on a Participant shall start on the
date the decision imposing the period of ineligibility is issued or, if
the hearing is waived, on the date the ineligibility is accepted or
otherwise imposed. Any period of provisional suspension served by
the Participant (whether imposed or voluntarily accepted) shall be
credited against the total period of ineligibility to be served.
No Participant who has been declared ineligible may, during the
period of ineligibility, participate in any capacity in any Competition
in Athletics, whether directly or indirectly, or in any activity other
than in authorised betting and anti-corruption education or
rehabilitation programmes which are authorised, organised,
sanctioned or supported by the IAAF or any Area Association or
Member.
A Participant who is subject to a period of ineligibility shall remain
subject to Rule 9 during that period. If a Participant commits a
violation of Rule 9 during a period of ineligibility, this shall be treated
as a separate violation under the Rule and separate proceedings will
be brought.
Once the period of the Participants ineligibility has expired, he will
become automatically re-eligible to participate provided that he has
(i) completed to the IAAFs reasonable satisfaction any official
betting and anti-corruption education or rehabilitation programme
33
RULE 9
that might be imposed on him; (ii) has satisfied, in full, any fine
imposed under this Rule and/or award of costs made against him by
any tribunal and (iii) has agreed to subject himself to any reasonable
and proportionate monitoring of his future activities as the IAAF may
reasonably consider necessary given the nature and scope of the
violation that he has committed.
Appeals
27. The following decisions taken by the IAAF Ethics Commission under
this Rule may be appealed either by the IAAF or the Participant who
is the subject of the decision (as applicable) exclusively to CAS:
(a) A decision that a charge of violation of Rule 9 should be
dismissed on procedural or jurisdictional grounds;
(b) a decision that a violation of Rule 9 has been committed;
(c) a decision that a violation of Rule 9 has not been committed;
(d) a decision to impose sanctions, including the disqualification of
any results and the appropriateness of any sanction under Rule 9;
(e) a decision to impose sanctions that are not in accordance with
Rule 9; and
(f) a decision not to impose sanctions.
28. Decisions that are appealed shall remain in effect while under appeal
unless CAS orders otherwise or unless otherwise determined in
accordance with this Rule.
29. The decision as to whether the IAAF should appeal to CAS shall be
taken by the IAAF Executive Board. The IAAF Executive Board
shall, where applicable, determine at the same time whether the
Participant shall be re-suspended pending the CAS decision.
30. Unless otherwise determined by the IAAF Executive Board, in cases
where the IAAF is the prospective appellant, the appellant shall have
forty-five (45) days in which to file a statement of appeal with CAS
starting from the date of receipt of the written reasoned decision by
the appealing party.
31. The appeal before CAS shall take the form of a re-hearing de novo
and the CAS Panel shall be able to substitute its decision for the
decision of the relevant tribunal where it considers the decision of
the relevant tribunal to be erroneous. The CAS Panel may in any case
add to or increase the sanctions that were imposed in the contested
decision.
32. The applicable rules to be applied in the CAS appeal shall be IAAF
Rules and the IAAF Code of Ethics.
RULE 9
34
33. The governing law of the CAS appeal shall be Monegasque law and
the appeal shall be conducted in English, unless the parties agree
otherwise.
34. The decision of CAS shall be final and binding on all parties, and on
all Members, and no right of appeal will lie from the CAS decision.
The CAS decision shall have immediate effect and all Members shall
take all necessary action to ensure that it is effective.
Recognition of Decisions of Major Event Organisations
35. Final decisions of a Major Event Organisation in relation to a
Participant that are within the Major Event Organisations jurisdiction
and based on the same or similar rules as in this Rule 9 shall be
recognised and respected by the IAAF upon receipt of notice of the
same. The procedure for determining the Participants sanction
beyond the sanction imposed by the Major Event Organisation shall
be determined by the IAAF Ethics Commission in accordance with
the IAAF Code of Ethics and the range of applicable sanctions shall
be the sanctions set out in this Rule 9.
Interpretation
36. This Rule came into full force and effect on 1 May 2012 i.e., in
relation to conduct committed on or after that date. The Rule shall
cease to be in force and effect upon the entry into force and effect of
the revised Code of Ethics on 1 January 2014.
37. The headings and sub-headings used in this Rule are for convenience
only and shall not be deemed to be part of the substance of this Rule
or to affect in any way the language of the provisions to which they
refer.
35
RULE 9
CHAPTER 2
ELIGIBILITY
37
CHAPTER 2: ELIGIBILITY
RULE 20
Definition of Eligible Athlete
An athlete is eligible to compete if he agrees to abide by the Rules and has
not been declared ineligible.
RULE 21
Restriction of Competition to Eligible Athletes
1.
2.
3.
Competition under these Rules is restricted to athletes who are under

the jurisdiction of a Member and who are eligible to compete under
the Rules.
In any competition under the Rules, the eligibility of an athlete
competing shall be guaranteed by the Member to which the athlete is
affiliated.
The eligibility rules of Members shall be strictly in conformity with
those of the IAAF and no Member may pass, promulgate or retain in
its constitution or regulations any eligibility rule or regulation which
is in direct conflict with a Rule or Regulation. Where there is a
conflict between the eligibility rules of the IAAF and the eligibility
rules of a Member, the eligibility rules of the IAAF shall apply.
RULE 22
Ineligibility for International and Domestic Competitions
1.
The following persons shall be ineligible for competitions, whether

held under these Rules or the rules of an Area or a Member.
Any athlete, athlete support personnel or other person:
(a) whose National Federation is currently suspended by the IAAF.
This does not apply to national competitions organised by the
currently suspended Member for the Citizens of that Country or
Territory;
(b) who has been provisionally suspended or declared ineligible
under the rules of his National Federation from competing in
competitions under the jurisdiction of that National Federation,
in so far as such suspension or ineligibility is consistent with
these Rules;
(c) who is currently serving a period of provisional suspension from
competition under these Rules;
39
RULES 20, 21, 22
2.
3.
4.
(d) who does not meet the eligibility requirements set out in Rule
141 or the Regulations thereunder;
(e) who has been declared ineligible as a result of a breach of the
Anti-Doping Rules in Chapter 3;
(f) who has been declared ineligible as a result of a breach of any
other Rule or Regulation under Rule 60.4.
If an athlete competes in a competition when not eligible to do so
under Rule 141 or the Regulations thereunder, without prejudice to
any other disciplinary action that may be taken under the Rules, the
athlete and any team for which the athlete competed shall be
disqualified from the competition with all resulting consequences for
the athlete and the team, including the forfeiture of all titles, awards,
medals, points and prize and appearance money.
If an athlete competes (or an athlete support personnel or other person
participates) in a competition, whether held under these Rules or the
rules of an Area or Member, whilst ineligible to do so under the AntiDoping Rules in Chapter 3, the consequences set out in Rule 40.11
shall apply.
If an athlete competes (or an athlete support personnel or other person
participates) in a competition, whether held under these Rules or the
rules of an Area or Member, whilst ineligible to do so under any other
Rule, the period of his ineligibility shall recommence from the time
he last competed as though no part of a period of ineligibility had
been served.
RULE 22
40
CHAPTER 3
ANTI-DOPING
AND MEDICAL
41
CHAPTER 3: ANTI-DOPING AND MEDICAL

DEFINITIONS
ABP Expert Panel
A panel of three experts chosen by the IAAF who are responsible for
providing an evaluation of the Athlete Biological Passport in accordance
with the Anti-Doping Regulations. Experts will have knowledge in the
fields of clinical haematology, Laboratory medicine / haematology and
sports medicine or exercise physiology specialised in haematology.
ADAMS
The Anti-Doping Administration and Management System is a web-based
database management tool for data entry, storage, sharing and reporting
designed to assist stakeholders and WADA in their anti-doping operations
in conjunction with data protection legislation.
Adverse Analytical Finding
A report from a laboratory or other approved entity that, consistent with the
International Standard for Laboratories and related Technical Documents,
identifies in a Sample the presence of a Prohibited Substance or its
Metabolites or Markers (including elevated quantities of endogenous
substances) or evidence of the Use of a Prohibited Method.
Anti-Doping Organisation
A Signatory that is responsible for adopting rules for initiating,
implementing or enforcing any part of the Doping Control process. This
includes, for example, the International Olympic Committee, other Major
Event Organisations that conduct Testing at their Competitions, WADA
and National Anti-Doping Organisations.
Anti-Doping Rules
The IAAF Anti-Doping Rules as may be passed by the IAAF Congress or
the IAAF Council from time to time.
Anti-Doping Regulations
The IAAF Anti-Doping Regulations as may be passed by the IAAF
Council from time to time.
Athlete
Any Person who participates in the IAAF, its Members and Area
Associations by virtue of his agreement, membership, affiliation,
authorisation, accreditation or participation in their activities or
43
Definitions - Anti-Doping
competitions and any other competitor in Athletics who is otherwise

subject to the jurisdiction of any Signatory or other sports organisation
accepting the Code.
Athlete Support Personnel
Any coach, trainer, manager, authorised athlete representative, agent, team
staff, official, medical or para-medical personnel, parent or any other
Person working with, treating or assisting an Athlete participating in, or
preparing for, competition in Athletics.
Attempt
Purposely engaging in conduct that constitutes a substantial step in a course
of conduct planned to culminate in the commission of an anti-doping rule
violation; provided, however, there shall be no anti-doping rule violation
based solely on an Attempt to commit a violation if the Person renounces
the Attempt prior to it being discovered by a third party not involved in the
Attempt.
Atypical Finding
A report from a laboratory or other approved entity which requires further
investigation as provided by the International Standard for Laboratories or
related Technical Documents prior to the determination of an Adverse
Analytical Finding.
Code
The World Anti-Doping Code.
Competition
An Event or series of Events held over one or more days.
Consequences of Anti-Doping Rule Violations
An Athlete or other Persons violation of an anti-doping rule may result in
at least one or more of the following: (a) Disqualification which means the
Athletes results in a particular Event or Competition are invalidated, with
all resulting consequences including forfeiture of any titles, awards,
medals, points and prize and appearance money; and (b) Ineligibility which
means the Athlete or other Person is barred for a specified period of time
from participating in any Competition or other activity or funding as
provided in Rule 40.
Disqualification
See Consequences of Anti-Doping Rule Violations above.
44
Doping Control
All steps and processes from test distribution planning through to ultimate
disposition of any appeal including all steps and processes in between such
as provision of whereabouts information, Sample collection and handling,
laboratory analysis, therapeutic use exemptions, results management and
hearings.
Event
A single race or contest in a Competition (e.g. the 100 metres or the Javelin
Throw).
Filing Failure
A failure by an Athlete to make an accurate and complete Whereabouts
Filing either in accordance with the Anti-Doping Regulations or with the
rules or regulations of a Member or Anti-Doping Organisation with
jurisdiction over the Athlete that comply with the International Standard for
Testing.
In-Competition
In-Competition means the period commencing twelve (12) hours before
an Event in which the Athlete is scheduled to participate through to the
end of such Event and the Sample collection process related to such Event.
Ineligibility
See Consequences of Anti-Doping Rule Violations above.
International Competition
For the purposes of these Anti-Doping Rules, the international
competitions under Rule 35.7, as published annually on the IAAF website.
International Standard
A standard adopted by WADA in support of the Code. Compliance with
an International Standard (as opposed to another alternative standard,
practice or procedure) shall be sufficient to conclude that the procedures
addressed by the International Standard were performed properly.
International Standards shall include any Technical Documents issued
pursuant to the International Standard.
Major Event Organisation
The continental associations of National Olympic Committees and other
international multi-sport organisations that function as the ruling body for
any continental, regional or other international competition.
45
Marker
A compound, group of compounds or biological parameter(s) that indicates
the Use of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method.
Medical Rules
The IAAF Medical Rules as may be passed by the IAAF Congress or the
IAAF Council from time to time.
Metabolite
Any substance produced by a biotransformation process.
Minor
A natural Person who has not reached the age of majority as established by
the applicable laws of his country of residence.
Missed Test
A failure by an Athlete to be available for testing at the location and time
specified in the 60-minute time slot identified in his Whereabouts Filing for
the day in question either in accordance with the Anti-Doping Regulations
or with the rules or regulations of a Member or Anti-Doping Organisation
with jurisdiction over the Athlete that comply with the International
Standard for Testing.
National Anti-Doping Organisation
The entity(ies) designated by each Country or Territory as possessing the
primary authority and responsibility to adopt and implement anti-doping
rules, direct the collection of Samples, the management of test results, and
the conduct of hearings, all at the national level. This includes an entity
which may be designated by multiple countries to serve as a regional AntiDoping Organisation for such Countries or Territories. If this designation
has not been made by the competent public authority(ies), the entity shall
be the Country or Territorys National Olympic Committee or its designee.
National Olympic Committee
The organisation recognised by the International Olympic Committee. The
term National Olympic Committee shall also include the National Sport
Confederation in those Countries or Territories where the National Sport
Confederation assumes typical National Olympic Committee
responsibilities in the anti-doping area.
No Advance Notice
A Doping Control which takes place with no advance warning to the
Athlete and where the Athlete is continuously chaperoned from the
moment of notification through Sample provision.
46
No Fault or No Negligence
The Athlete establishing in a case under Rule 38 that he did not know or
suspect, and could not reasonably have known or suspected even with the
exercise of utmost caution, that he had Used or been administered the
Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method.
No Significant Fault or No Significant Negligence
The Athlete establishing in a case under Rule 38 that his fault or
negligence, when viewed in the totality of the circumstances and taking
into account the criteria for No Fault or Negligence, was not significant in
relationship to the anti-doping rule violation.
Out-of-Competition
Any period which is not In-Competition.
Participant
Any Athlete or Athlete Support Personnel.
Person
Any natural Person (including any Athlete or Athlete Support Personnel)
or an organisation or other entity.
Possession
The actual, physical possession or the constructive possession of a
Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method (which shall be found only if
the Person has exclusive control over the Prohibited Substance / Method
or the premises in which a Prohibited Substance / Method exists); provided,
however, that if the Person does not have exclusive control over the
Prohibited Substance / Method or the premises in which a Prohibited
Substance / Method exists, constructive possession shall only be found if
the Person knew about the presence of the Prohibited Substance / Method
and intended to exercise control over it. Provided, however, there shall be
no anti-doping rule violation based solely on possession if, prior to
receiving notification of any kind that the Person has committed an antidoping rule violation, the Person has taken concrete action demonstrating
that the Person never intended to have possession and has renounced
possession by explicitly declaring it to the IAAF, a Member or an AntiDoping Organisation. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this
definition, the purchase (including by any electronic or other means) of a
Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method constitutes possession by the
Person who makes the purchase.
47
Prohibited List
The Prohibited List published by WADA identifying the Prohibited
Substances and Prohibited Methods.
Prohibited Method
Any method so described on the Prohibited List.
Prohibited Substance
Any substance so described on the Prohibited List.
Provisional Suspension
The Athlete or other Person is barred temporarily from participating in any
Competition prior to the final decision at a hearing conducted in
accordance with these Rules.
Registered Testing Pool
The pool of Athletes established by the IAAF who are subject to both InCompetition and Out-of-Competition Testing as part of the IAAFs Testing
programme. The IAAF shall publish a list which identifies the Athletes
included in its Registered Testing Pool.
Sample / Specimen
Any biological material collected for the purposes of Doping Control.
Signatories
Those entities signing the Code and agreeing to comply with the Code,
including the International Olympic Committee, International Federations,
National Olympic Committees, Major Event Organisations, National AntiDoping Organisations and WADA.
Substantial Assistance
For the purposes of Rule 40.5(c), a Person providing Substantial Assistance
must (i) fully disclose in a signed written statement all information he
possesses in relation to anti-doping rule violations and (ii) fully co-operate
with the investigation and adjudication of any case related to that
information, including, for example, presenting testimony at a hearing if
requested to do so by the prosecuting authority or hearing panel. Further,
the information provided must be credible and must comprise an important
part of any case which is initiated or, if no case is initiated, must have
provided a sufficient basis on which a case could have been brought.
Tampering
Altering for an improper purpose or in an improper way; bringing improper
influence to bear; interfering improperly; obstructing, misleading or
48
engaging in any fraudulent conduct to alter results or to prevent normal

procedures from occurring; or providing fraudulent information.
Target Testing
The selection of Athletes for Testing where specific Athletes or groups of
Athletes are selected on a non-random basis for Testing at a specified time.
Testing
The parts of the Doping Control process involving test distribution
planning, Sample collection, Sample handling and Sample transport to the
laboratory.
TUE
Therapeutic Use Exemption.
Trafficking
The selling, giving, transporting, sending, delivering or distributing of a
Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method (either physically or by any
electronic or other means) by an Athlete, Athlete Support Personnel or any
other Person to any third party; provided however, this definition shall not
include the actions of bona fide medical personnel involving a Prohibited
Substance or Prohibited Method used for genuine and legal therapeutic
purposes or other acceptable justification and shall not include actions
involving Prohibited Substances which are not prohibited in Out-ofCompetition Testing unless the circumstances as a whole demonstrate such
Prohibited Substances are not intended for genuine and legal therapeutic
purposes.
Use
The utilisation, application, ingestion, injection or consumption by any
means whatsoever of any Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method.
WADA
The World Anti-Doping Agency.
Whereabouts Failure
A Filing Failure or a Missed Test.
Whereabouts Filing
Information provided by or on behalf of an Athlete in the Registered
Testing Pool that sets out the Athletes whereabouts during the following
quarter.
49
SECTION I ANTI-DOPING RULES

RULE 30
Scope of the Anti-Doping Rules
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The Anti-Doping Rules shall apply to the IAAF, its Members and
Area Associations and to Athletes, Athlete Support Personnel and
other Persons who participate in the IAAF, its Members and Area
Associations by virtue of their agreement, membership, affiliation,
authorisation, accreditation or participation in their activities or
competitions.
All Members and Area Associations shall comply with the AntiDoping Rules and Regulations. The Anti-Doping Rules and
Regulations shall be incorporated either directly, or by reference, into
the rules or regulations of each Member and Area Association and
each Member and Area Association shall include in its rules the
procedural regulations necessary to implement the Anti-Doping Rules
and Regulations effectively (and any changes that may be made to
them). The rules of each Member and Area Association shall
specifically provide that all Athletes, Athlete Support Personnel and
other Persons under its jurisdiction shall be bound by the Anti-Doping
Rules and Regulations.
In order to be eligible to compete or participate in, or otherwise be
accredited at, an International Competition, Athletes (and where
applicable) Athlete Support Personnel and other Persons must have
signed an agreement to the Anti-Doping Rules and Regulations in a
form to be decided by the Council. In guaranteeing the eligibility of
its Athletes for an International Competition (see Rule 21.2),
Members guarantee that the Athletes have signed an agreement in the
required form and that a copy of the signed agreement has been sent
to the IAAF Office.
The Anti-Doping Rules and Regulations shall apply to all Doping
Controls over which the IAAF and respectively its Members and Area
Associations have jurisdiction.
It is the responsibility of each Member to ensure that all nationallevel In and Out-of-Competition Testing on its Athletes and the
management of results from such Testing complies with the AntiDoping Rules and Regulations. It is recognised that, in some
Countries or Territories, the Member will conduct the Testing and
results management process itself whilst, in others, some or all of the
Members responsibilities may be delegated or assigned (either by
the Member itself or under applicable national legislation or
RULE 30
50
6.
7.
regulation) to a National Anti-Doping Organisation or other third

party. In respect of these Countries or Territories, reference in these
Anti-Doping Rules to the Member or National Federation (or its
relevant officers) shall, where applicable, be a reference to the
National Anti-Doping Organisation or other third party (or its relevant
officers).
The IAAF shall monitor the anti-doping activities of its Members
under these Anti-Doping Rules, including but not limited to the In
and Out-of-Competition Testing conducted at national level by each
Member (and/or by the relevant National Anti-Doping Organisation
or third party in accordance with Rule 30.5). If the IAAF considers
that the In and/or Out-of-Competition Testing or other anti-doping
activity conducted at national level by a Member is insufficient or
inadequate, either having regard to the success of the Members
Athletes in International Competitions or for any other reason, the
Council may require the Member to take such action as it considers
to be necessary in order to ensure a satisfactory level of anti-doping
activity in the Country or Territory concerned. A failure by a Member
to comply with the Councils decision may result in the imposition of
sanctions under Rule 44.
Notice under these Anti-Doping Rules to an Athlete or other Person
who is under the jurisdiction of a Member may be accomplished by
delivery of the notice to the Member concerned. The Member shall
be responsible for making immediate contact with the Athlete or other
Person to whom the notice is applicable.
RULE 31
IAAF Anti-Doping Organisation
1.
The IAAF shall principally act under these Anti-Doping Rules by the
following person(s) or bodies:
(a) the Council;
(b) the Medical and Anti-Doping Commission;
(c) the Doping Review Board; and
(d) the IAAF Anti-Doping Administrator.
The Council
2. The Council has a duty to the IAAF Congress to oversee and
supervise the activities of the IAAF in accordance with its Objects
(see Article 6.12(a) of the Constitution). One of these Objects is to
promote fair play in sport, in particular, to play a leading role in the
fight against doping, both within Athletics and externally in the wider
51
RULES 30, 31
3.
sporting community, and to develop and maintain programmes of

detection, deterrence and education which are aimed at the
eradication of the scourge of doping within sport (see Article 3.8 of
the Constitution).
The Council has the following powers under the Constitution in
overseeing and supervising the activities of the IAAF:
(a) to establish any Commission or sub-Commission, whether on an
ad hoc or permanent basis, that it deems to be necessary for the
proper functioning of the IAAF (see Article 6.11(j) of the
Constitution).
(b) to make any interim amendments to the Rules it considers to be
necessary between Congresses and to fix a date on which such
amendments shall take effect. The interim amendments shall be
reported to the next Congress, which shall decide whether they
shall be made permanent (see Article 6.11(c) of the
Constitution).
(c) to approve, reject or amend the Anti-Doping Regulations (see
Article 6.11(i) of the Constitution); and
(d) to suspend or take other sanctions against a Member for a breach
of the Rules in accordance with the provisions of Article 14.7
(see Article 6.11(b) of the Constitution).
The Medical and Anti-Doping Commission

4. The Medical and Anti-Doping Commission is appointed as a
Commission of the Council under Article 6.11(j) of the Constitution
to provide the IAAF with general advice on all anti-doping and
related matters, including in relation to these Anti-Doping Rules and
the Anti-Doping Regulations.
5. The Medical and Anti-Doping Commission shall consist of up to 15
members who shall meet at least once a year, normally at the end of
each calendar year, in order to review the IAAFs anti-doping
activities in the preceding 12 months and to establish, for the approval
of the Council, the IAAFs anti-doping programme for the year
ahead. The Medical and Anti-Doping Commission shall also consult
on a regular basis throughout the course of the year, as the need may
arise.
6. The Medical and Anti-Doping Commission shall have responsibility
for the following further specific tasks under these Anti-Doping
Rules:
(a) publishing the Anti-Doping Regulations, and amendments to the
Anti-Doping Regulations, as often as may be required. The AntiRULE 31
52
Doping Regulations shall comprise, either directly or by

reference, the following documents issued by WADA:
(i) the Prohibited List;
(ii) the International Standard for Testing;
(iii) the International Standard for Laboratories;
(iv) the International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions;
and
(v) the International Standard for the Protection of Privacy and
Personal Information
together with any additions or modifications to such documents
or International Standards, or further procedures or guidelines,
that may be deemed necessary to comply with these Anti-Doping
Rules or otherwise pursue the IAAFs anti-doping programme.
The Anti-Doping Regulations, and any proposed amendment to
them, unless otherwise stated in these Anti-Doping Rules, must
be approved by the Council. Upon giving its approval, the
Council shall fix a date on which the Anti-Doping Regulations,
or any proposed amendment to them, shall take effect. The IAAF
Office shall notify the Members of this date and shall publish
the Anti-Doping Regulations, and any proposed amendment to
them, on the IAAF website.
(b) advising the Council on amendments to these Anti-Doping Rules
as may be necessary from time to time. Any proposed
amendment to be made to the Anti-Doping Rules between
Congresses must be approved by the Council and notified to the
Members in accordance with Article 6.11(c) of the Constitution.
(c) planning, implementing and monitoring anti-doping information
and anti-doping education programmes. These programmes
should provide updated and accurate information on at least the
following issues:
(i) Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods in the
Prohibited List;
(ii) health consequences of doping;
(iii) Doping Control procedures; and
(iv) Athletes rights and responsibilities.
(d) granting TUEs in accordance with Rule 34.9(a).
(e) establishing general guidelines for the selection of Athletes in
the Registered Testing Pool.
The Medical and Anti-Doping Commission may, in the course of
exercising any of the above tasks, call upon experts to provide further
specialist medical or scientific advice as may be required.
53
RULE 31
7.
The Medical and Anti-Doping Commission shall report to the

Council on its activities before each Council meeting. It shall
communicate with the IAAF Office on all anti-doping and related
matters through the IAAF Medical and Anti-Doping Department.
The Doping Review Board

8. The Doping Review Board is appointed as a sub-Commission of the
Council under Article 6.11(j) of the Constitution with at least the
following specific tasks:
(a) to decide whether cases should be referred to arbitration before
CAS under Rule 38.9 in circumstances where the relevant
Member has failed to hold a hearing for the Athlete or other
Person within the stipulated 3 month time period;
(b) to determine on behalf of the Council whether special /
exceptional circumstances exist (under Rules 40.4 and 40.5
respectively) in cases which are referred to it under Rule 38.16;
(c) to decide whether cases should be referred to arbitration before
CAS under Rule 42.15 and whether, in such cases, to re-impose
the Athletes suspension pending the CAS decision;
(d) to decide whether the IAAF should participate in cases before
CAS to which it is not an original party in accordance with Rule
42.19 and whether, in such cases, to re-impose the Athletes
suspension pending the CAS decision;
(e) to determine in any case an extension of time for the IAAF to file
a statement of appeal with CAS in accordance with Rule 42.13;
and
(f) to decide in cases which are referred to it under Rule 45.4
whether Testing conducted by a body that is not a Signatory to
the Code, under rules and procedures which are different from
those in these Anti-Doping Rules, should be recognised by the
IAAF.
The Doping Review Board may, in the course of exercising any of the
above tasks, refer to the Medical and Anti-Doping Commission or
the Council for its opinion or guidance in relation to a particular case
or to the Council on any matter of general policy that may have
arisen.
9. The Doping Review Board shall consist of three persons, one of
whom shall be legally qualified. The President shall have authority at
any time to appoint an additional person or persons to the Doping
Review Board, as may be required, on a temporary basis.
10. The Doping Review Board shall report to the Council on its activities
before each Council meeting.
RULE 31
54
The IAAF Anti-Doping Administrator

11. The IAAF Anti-Doping Administrator is the head of the IAAFs
Medical and Anti-Doping Department. He shall have responsibility
for implementing the anti-doping programme which has been
established by the Medical and Anti-Doping Commission under Rule
31.5. He shall report to the Medical and Anti-Doping Commission in
this regard at least once a year and, more regularly, if called upon to
do so.
12. The IAAF Anti-Doping Administrator shall have responsibility for
the day to day administration of doping cases arising under these
Anti-Doping Rules. In particular, the IAAF Anti-Doping
Administrator shall be the person responsible, where applicable, for
conducting the results management process in the case of
International-Level Athletes in accordance with Rule 37, for deciding
upon the Provisional Suspension of International-Level Athletes in
accordance with Rule 38 and for conducting the administrative
review of Filing Failures / Missed Tests committed by InternationalLevel Athletes in accordance with the procedures set out in the
Anti-Doping Regulations.
13. The IAAF Anti-Doping Administrator may at any time in the course
of his work seek an advisory opinion from the Chairperson of the
Medical and Anti-Doping Commission, from the Doping Review
Board or from such other person as he considers to be appropriate.
RULE 32
Anti-Doping Rule Violations
1.
2.
Doping is defined as the occurrence of one or more of the anti-doping

rule violations set out in Rule 32.2 of these Anti-Doping Rules.
Athletes or other Persons shall be responsible for knowing what
constitutes an anti-doping rule violation and the substances and
methods which have been included on the Prohibited List. The
following constitute anti-doping rule violations:
(a) Presence of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers
in an Athletes Sample.
(i) it is each Athletes personal duty to ensure that no
Prohibited Substance enters his body. Athletes are
responsible for any Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites
or Markers found to be present in their Samples.
Accordingly, it is not necessary that intent, fault, negligence
or knowing Use on the Athletes part be demonstrated in
55
RULES 31, 32
order to establish an anti-doping rule violation under Rule

32.2(a).
(ii) sufficient proof of an anti-doping rule violation under Rule
32.2(a) is established by either of the following: presence of
a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers in the
Athletes A Sample where the Athlete waives analysis of
the B Sample and the B Sample is not analysed; or, where
the Athletes B Sample is analysed and the analysis of the
Athletes B Sample confirms the presence of the Prohibited
Substance or its Metabolites or Markers found in the
Athletes A Sample.
(iii) except those Prohibited Substances for which a quantitative
threshold is specifically identified in the Prohibited List, the
presence of any quantity of a Prohibited Substance or its
Metabolites or Markers in an Athletes Sample shall
constitute an anti-doping rule violation.
(iv) as an exception to the general application of Rule 32.2(a),
the Prohibited List or International Standards may establish
special criteria for the evaluation of Prohibited Substances
that can also be produced endogenously.
(b) Use or Attempted Use by an Athlete of a Prohibited Substance
or a Prohibited Method.
(i) it is each Athletes personal duty to ensure that no
Prohibited Substance enters his body. Accordingly, it is not
necessary that intent, fault, negligence or knowing Use on
the Athletes part be demonstrated in order to establish an
anti-doping rule violation for Use of a Prohibited Substance
or a Prohibited Method.
(ii) the success or failure of the Use or Attempted Use of a
Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method is not material.
It is sufficient that the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited
Method was Used, or Attempted to be Used, for an antidoping rule violation to be committed.
(c) Refusing or failing without compelling justification to submit to
Sample collection after notification as authorized in applicable
anti-doping rules or otherwise evading Sample collection.
(d) Violation of applicable requirements regarding Athlete
availability for Out-of-Competition Testing, including failure to
file required whereabouts information and Missed Tests which
are declared based on rules which comply with the International
Standard for Testing. Any combination of three Missed Tests
RULE 32
56
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
and/or Filing Failures within an eighteen-month period as

determined by the IAAF and/or other Anti-Doping
Organizations with jurisdiction over the Athlete shall constitute
an anti-doping rule violation.
Tampering or Attempted Tampering with any part of Doping
Control.
Possession of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method.
(i) Possession by an Athlete In-Competition of any Prohibited
Method or Prohibited Substance or Possession by an Athlete
Out-of-Competition of any Prohibited Method or Prohibited
Substance which is prohibited Out-of-Competition unless
the Athlete establishes that the Possession is pursuant to a
TUE granted in accordance with Rule 34.9 (Therapeutic
Use) or other acceptable justification.
(ii) Possession by an Athlete Support Personnel In-Competition
of any Prohibited Method or Prohibited Substance or
Possession by an Athlete Support Personnel Out-ofCompetition of any Prohibited Method or Prohibited
Substance which is prohibited Out-of-Competition in
connection with an Athlete, Competition or training, unless
the Athlete Support Personnel establishes that the
Possession is pursuant to a TUE granted to an Athlete in
accordance with Rule 34.9 (Therapeutic Use) or other
acceptable justification.
Trafficking or Attempted Trafficking in any Prohibited
Substance or Prohibited Method.
Administration or Attempted administration to any Athlete InCompetition of any Prohibited Method or Prohibited Substance,
or administration or Attempted administration to any Athlete
Out-of-Competition of any Prohibited Method or Prohibited
Substance that is prohibited Out-of-Competition or assisting,
encouraging, aiding, abetting, covering up or any other type of
complicity involving an anti-doping rule violation or any
Attempted anti-doping rule violation.
RULE 33
Proof of Doping
Burdens and Standards of Proof

1. The IAAF, the Member or other prosecuting authority shall have the
burden of establishing that an anti-doping rule violation has occurred.
57
RULES 32, 33
2.
The standard of proof shall be whether the IAAF, the Member or

other prosecuting authority has established an anti-doping rule
violation to the comfortable satisfaction of the relevant hearing panel,
bearing in mind the seriousness of the allegation which is made. This
standard of proof in all cases is greater than a mere balance of
probability but less than proof beyond a reasonable doubt.
Where these Anti-Doping Rules place the burden of proof upon the
Athlete or other Person alleged to have committed an anti-doping
violation to rebut a presumption or establish specified facts or
circumstances, the standard of proof shall be by a balance of
probability, except as provided in Rules 40.4 (Specified Substances)
and 40.6 (aggravating circumstances) where the Athlete must satisfy
a higher burden of proof.
Methods of Establishing Facts and Presumptions

3. Facts related to anti-doping rule violations may be established by any
reliable means, including but not limited to admissions, evidence of
third Persons, witness statements, experts reports, documentary
evidence, conclusions drawn from longitudinal profiling such as the
Athlete Biological Passport and other analytical information.
The following rules of proof shall be applicable in doping cases:
(a) WADA-accredited laboratories are presumed to have conducted
Sample analysis and custodial procedures in accordance with the
International Standard for Laboratories. The Athlete or other
Person may rebut this presumption by establishing that a
departure from the International Standard for Laboratories has
occurred which could reasonably have caused the Adverse
Analytical Finding.
If the Athlete or other Person rebuts the preceding presumption
by showing that a departure from the International Standard for
Laboratories occurred which could reasonably have caused the
Adverse Analytical Finding, then the IAAF, the Member or other
prosecuting authority shall have the burden of establishing that
such departure did not cause the Adverse Analytical Finding.
(b) Departures from any other International Standard or other antidoping rule or policy which did not cause an Adverse Analytical
Finding or other anti-doping rule violation shall not invalidate
such results. If the Athlete or other Person establishes that a
departure from another International Standard or other antidoping rule or policy has occurred which could reasonably have
caused the Adverse Analytical Finding or other anti-doping rule
violation, then the IAAF, the Member or other prosecuting
RULE 33
58
authority shall have the burden of establishing that such

departure did not cause the Adverse Analytical Finding or the
factual basis for the anti-doping rule violation.
(c) The facts established by a decision of a court or professional
disciplinary tribunal of competent jurisdiction which is not the
subject of a pending appeal shall be irrefutable evidence against
the Athlete or other Person to whom the decision pertained of
those facts unless the Athlete or other Person establishes that the
decision violated principles of natural justice.
(d) The hearing panel in a hearing on an anti-doping rule violation
may draw an inference adverse to the Athlete or other Person
who is asserted to have committed an anti-doping rule violation
based on the Athletes or other Persons refusal, after a request
made in a reasonable time in advance of the hearing, to appear
at the hearing (either in person or by telephone as directed by
the hearing panel) and to answer questions from the hearing
panel or the IAAF, Member or other prosecuting authority
asserting the anti-doping rule violation.
RULE 34
The Prohibited List
1.
These Anti-Doping Rules incorporate the Prohibited List which shall

be published by WADA from time to time.
Publication and Revision of the Prohibited List

2. The Prohibited List shall be available from the IAAF and shall be
published on the IAAF website. Each Member shall ensure that the
current Prohibited List is made available (either on its website or
otherwise) to all Athletes and other Persons under its jurisdiction.
3. Unless otherwise stated in the Prohibited List and/or any revision to
the Prohibited List, the Prohibited List and revisions shall go into
effect under these Anti-Doping Rules three (3) months after
publication of the Prohibited List by WADA without requiring any
further action by the IAAF.
Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods Identified on the
Prohibited List
4. Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods: The Prohibited List
shall identify those substances and methods which are prohibited as
doping at all times (both In-Competition and Out-of-Competition)
because of their potential to enhance performance in future
Competitions or their masking potential and those substances and
59
RULES 33, 34
5.
6.
7.
methods which are prohibited In-Competition only. Prohibited

Substances and Prohibited Methods may be included in the Prohibited
List by general category (e.g., anabolic agents) or by specific
reference to a particular substance or method.
Specified Substances: For purposes of the application of Rule 40
(Sanctions on Individuals), all Prohibited Substances shall be
Specified Substances, except substances in the classes of anabolic
agents and hormones and those stimulants and hormone antagonists
and modulators so identified on the Prohibited List. Prohibited
Methods shall not be Specified Substances.
New Classes of Prohibited Substances: In the event WADA expands
the Prohibited List by adding a new class of Prohibited Substances,
WADAs Executive Committee shall determine whether any or all
Prohibited Substances within the new class of Prohibited Substances
shall be considered Specified Substances under Rule 34.5.
WADAs determination of the Prohibited Substances and Prohibited
Methods that will be included on the Prohibited List and the
classification of substances into categories on the Prohibited List is
final and shall not be subject to challenge by an Athlete or other
Person based on an argument that the substance or method was not a
masking agent or did not have the potential to enhance performance,
represent a health risk or violate the spirit of sport.
Therapeutic Use
8. WADA has adopted an International Standard for the process of
therapeutic use exemptions (TUE).
9. Athletes with a documented medical condition requiring the use of a
Prohibited Substance or a Prohibited Method must apply for a TUE.
TUEs will be granted only in cases of clear and compelling clinical
need where no competitive advantage can be gained by the Athlete.
(a) International-Level Athletes must apply for a TUE from the
IAAF prior to participating in an International Competition
(regardless of whether the Athlete has previously obtained a
TUE at national level). The IAAF shall publish a list of
International Competitions for which a TUE from the IAAF is
required. International-Level Athletes seeking a TUE are
required to make an application to the Medical and Anti-Doping
Commission. Details of the procedure for the application can be
found in the Anti-Doping Regulations. TUEs granted by the
IAAF under this Rule shall be reported to the Athletes National
Federation and to WADA (through ADAMS or otherwise).
RULE 34
60
(b) Athletes who are not International-Level Athletes must apply for
a TUE from their National Federation, or from such other body
as may be designated by their National Federation to grant
TUEs, or which otherwise has competent authority to grant
TUEs in the Country or Territory of the National Federation.
National Federations shall in all cases be responsible for
reporting promptly the grant of any TUEs under this Rule to the
IAAF and to WADA (through ADAMS or otherwise).
(c) WADA, on its own initiative, may review at any time the
granting of a TUE to an International-Level Athlete or to an
Athlete who is not an International-Level Athlete but is included
in his national registered testing pool. Further, upon the request
of any such Athlete that has been denied a TUE, WADA may
review such denial. If WADA determines that such granting or
denial of a TUE did not comply with the International Standard
for Therapeutic Use Exemptions, WADA may reverse the
decision.
(d) The presence of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or
Markers (Rule 32.2(a)), Use or Attempted Use of a Prohibited
Substance or Prohibited Method (Rule 32.2(b)), Possession of a
Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method (Rule 32.2(f)) or
Administration of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method
(Rule 32.2(h)) consistent with the provisions of an applicable
TUE and issued pursuant to the International Standard for
Therapeutic Use Exemptions shall not be considered an antidoping rule violation.
RULE 35
Testing
1.
2.
Every Athlete under these Anti-Doping Rules is subject to InCompetition Testing at the Competitions at which he competes and
to Out-of-Competition Testing at any time or place. Athletes shall
submit to Doping Control whenever requested to do so by a Person
with authority to conduct Testing.
It is a condition of Membership of the IAAF that each Member (and
respectively Area Association) includes within its constitution:
(a) a provision giving the Member (and respectively the Area
Association) authority to conduct In and Out-of-Competition
Testing, a report of which, in the case of the Member, must be
submitted to the IAAF on an annual basis (see Rule 43.5);
61
RULES 34, 35
3.
4.
(b) a provision giving the IAAF authority to conduct Testing at the

Members National Championships (and respectively at the Area
Associations Area Championships);
(c) a provision giving the IAAF authority to conduct No Advance
Notice Out-of-Competition Testing on the Members Athletes;
and
(d) a provision making it a condition of membership or affiliation to
its National Federation, and a condition of participation in
Competitions which are sanctioned or organised by the Member,
that its Athletes agree to be subject to any In-Competition or
Out-of-Competition Testing carried out by the Member, the
IAAF and any other body with competent authority to Test under
these Anti-Doping Rules.
The IAAF and its Members may delegate Testing under this Rule to
any Member, other Member, WADA, governmental agency, National
Anti-Doping Organisation or other third party which they deem to be
suitably qualified for the purpose.
In addition to Testing by the IAAF and its Members (and by entities
to which the IAAF and its Members may have delegated their Testing
responsibility under Rule 35.3 above), Athletes may be subject to
Testing:
(a) In-Competition by any other organisation or body which has
competent authority to conduct Testing at the Competition in
which they are participating; and
(b) Out-of-Competition by (i) WADA; (ii) the National Anti-Doping
Organisation of the Country or Territory in which they are
present; or (iii) by, or on behalf of, the IOC in connection with
the Olympic Games.
However, only a single organisation shall be responsible for initiating
and directing Testing during a Competition. At International
Competitions, the collection of Samples shall be initiated and directed
by the IAAF (see Rule 35.7) or other international sports organisation
ruling body in the case of an International Competition over which the
IAAF has no exclusive control (e.g. the IOC at the Olympic Games
or the Commonwealth Games Federation at the Commonwealth
Games). If the IAAF or such other international sports organisation
ruling body decides not to conduct Testing at an International
Competition, the National Anti-Doping Organisation in the Country
or Territory where the International Competition is to take place may,
with the approval of the IAAF and WADA, initiate and conduct such
Testing.
RULE 35
62
5.
6.
The IAAF and its Members shall promptly report all completed InCompetition Tests through the WADA clearinghouse (in the case of
reporting by a Member, with a copy of such report being sent to the
IAAF at the same time) in order to avoid any unnecessary duplication
in Testing.
Testing conducted by the IAAF and its Members under this Rule shall
be in substantial conformity with the Anti-Doping Regulations in
force at the time of Testing.
In-Competition Testing
7. The IAAF shall have responsibility for initiating and directing InCompetition Testing at the following International Competitions:(a) World Championships;
(b) World Athletics Series Competitions;
(c) International Invitation Meetings in accordance with Rule 1.1;
(d) IAAF Permit Meetings;
(e) IAAF Road Races (including IAAF Marathons); and
(f) at such other International Competitions as the Council may
determine on the recommendation of the Medical and AntiDoping Commission. The full list of International Competitions
under this Rule shall be published annually on the IAAF website.
8. The Council shall determine the anticipated number of Athletes to be
tested at the above International Competitions on the
recommendation of the Medical and Anti-Doping Commission.
Athletes to be tested shall be selected as follows:
(a) on a final position basis and/or random basis;
(b) at the discretion of the IAAF (acting by its relevant official or
body), by any method that it shall choose, including Target
Testing;
(c) any Athlete who has broken or equalled a World Record. (See
Rules 260.6. and 260.8.)
9. If the IAAF has delegated Testing under Rule 35.3 above, it may
appoint a representative to attend at the International Competition in
question to ensure that these Anti-Doping Rules and the Anti-Doping
Regulations are being properly applied.
10. In consultation with the relevant Member (and respectively with the
relevant Area Association), the IAAF may conduct, or assist in the
conduct of, Testing at a Members National Championships or Area
Associations Area Championships.
63
RULE 35
11. In all other cases (except where Testing is carried out under the rules
of another international sports organisation ruling body, for example,
by the IOC at the Olympic Games), the Member conducting the
controls, or in whose Country or Territory a competition is held, shall
be responsible for initiating and directing In-Competition Testing. If
the Member has delegated its Testing under Rule 35.3 above, it is the
Members responsibility to ensure that such Testing carried out in its
Country or Territory complies with these Anti-Doping Rules and the
Anti-Doping Regulations.
Out-of-Competition Testing
12. The IAAF shall focus its Out-of-Competition Testing primarily on
International-Level Athletes. However, it may, at its discretion,
conduct Out-of-Competition Testing on any Athlete at any time.
Except in exceptional circumstances, all Out-of-Competition Testing
shall be carried out on No Advance Notice to the Athlete or his
Athlete Support Personnel or National Federation. Athletes included
in the Registered Testing Pool shall be subject to the whereabouts
requirements set out in accordance with Rule 35.17.
13. It is the duty of every Member, officer of a Member and other Person
under the jurisdiction of a Member to assist the IAAF (and, if
appropriate, another Member, WADA or other body with competent
Testing authority) in the conduct of Out-of-Competition Testing
under this Rule. Any Member, officer of a Member or other Person
under the jurisdiction of a Member preventing, hindering, obstructing
or otherwise Tampering with the conduct of such Testing may be
liable to sanction under these Anti-Doping Rules.
14. Out-of-Competition Testing shall be conducted under these AntiDoping Rules to detect Prohibited Substances and Prohibited
Methods listed as being the substances and methods prohibited at all
times (In and Out-of-Competition) in the Prohibited List or for the
purpose of collecting profile data within the framework of the Athlete
Biological Passport or for both purposes at the same time.
15. Statistics of Out-of-Competition Testing shall be published once a
year per Athlete in the Registered Testing Pool and per Member
Federation.
Whereabouts Information
16. The IAAF shall establish a Registered Testing Pool of Athletes who
are required to comply with the whereabouts requirements set out in
these Rules and in the Anti-Doping Regulations. The Registered
RULE 35
64
Testing Pool shall be published by the IAAF on its website and shall
be reviewed and updated as necessary from time to time.
17. Each Athlete in the Registered Testing Pool shall be required to
submit Whereabouts Filings in accordance with the Anti-Doping
Regulations. The ultimate responsibility for submitting a
Whereabouts Filing rests with each Athlete. Members shall, however,
upon the request of the IAAF or other relevant Testing Authority, use
their best efforts to assist in the collection of current and accurate
whereabouts information for their Athletes and shall make specific
provision in their rules or regulations for such purpose. Whereabouts
information provided by an Athlete pursuant to this Rule shall be
shared with WADA and any other body having competent authority
to test the Athlete in accordance with the Anti-Doping Regulations on
the strict condition that it be used for Doping Control purposes only.
18. If an Athlete in the Registered Testing Pool fails to advise the IAAF
of his required whereabouts, it shall be deemed to be a Filing Failure
for the purposes of Rule 32.2(d) where the relevant conditions of the
Anti-Doping Regulations have been met. If an Athlete in the
Registered Testing Pool fails to be available for Testing at his
declared whereabouts, it shall be deemed to be a Missed Test for the
purposes of Rule 32.2(d) where the relevant conditions of the AntiDoping Regulations have been met. An Athlete shall be deemed to
have committed an anti-doping rule violation under Rule 32.2(d) if he
commits a total of three Whereabouts Failures (which may be any
combination of Filing Failures and/or Missed Tests adding up to three
in total) within any 18 (eighteen) month period. The IAAF may rely
for the purposes of Rule 32.2(d) on Filing Failures and/or Missed
Tests that have been declared by other Anti-Doping Organisations
with jurisdiction over an Athlete provided that they have been
declared based on rules that comply with the International Standard
for Testing.
19. If an Athlete in the Registered Testing Pool or a member of his
Athlete Support Personnel or other Person knowingly provides
inaccurate or misleading whereabouts information, he shall be
deemed to be evading Sample collection in breach of Rule 32.2(c)
and/or Tampering or Attempting to Tamper with the Doping Control
Process in breach of Rule 32.2(e). If a Member that has been
requested to assist the IAAF in collecting whereabouts information in
accordance with Rule 35.17, or has otherwise agreed to submit
whereabouts information on behalf of its Athletes, fails to check that
65
RULE 35
the information forwarded is current and accurate, it shall be found to

be in breach of Rule 44.2(e).
Return to Competition Following Retirement or Other Period of NonCompetition
20. If an Athlete in the Registered Testing Pool no longer wishes to be
subject to Out-of-Competition Testing on account of the fact that he
has retired, or has chosen not to compete for any other reason, he
shall be required to give notice to the IAAF using the prescribed form.
The same Athlete may not then resume competition unless he has
given the IAAF 12 months notice in writing of his intention to return
to competition and has made himself available for Out-ofCompetition Testing by the IAAF in that period by providing the
IAAF with whereabouts information pursuant to Rule 35.17. An
Athlete who refuses or fails to submit to Sample collection on account
of the fact that he has retired or has chosen not to compete for any
other reason, but who has not provided the IAAF with notice under
this Rule, shall have committed an anti-doping rule violation in
accordance with Rule 32.2(c).
RULE 36
Analysis of Samples
1.
All Samples collected under these Anti-Doping Rules shall be

analysed in accordance with the following general principles:
Use of Approved Laboratories
(a) For the purposes of Rule 32.2(a) (Presence of a Prohibited
Substance or Prohibited Method), Samples shall be analysed
only in WADA-accredited laboratories or as otherwise approved
by WADA. In the case of Samples collected by the IAAF
pursuant to Rule 35.7, Samples shall be sent only to WADAaccredited laboratories (or, where applicable, to haematological
laboratories or mobile testing units) which are approved by the
IAAF.
Purpose of Collection and Analysis of Samples
(b) Samples shall be analysed to detect Prohibited Substances and
Prohibited Methods on the Prohibited List (and such other
substances as may be directed by WADA pursuant to its
monitoring programme) and/or to assist in profiling relevant
parameters in an Athletes urine, blood or other matrix, including
DNA or genomic profiling, for anti-doping purposes. Relevant
RULES 35, 36
66
profile information may be used to direct Target Testing or to

support an anti-doping rule violation under Rule 32.2, or both.
Research on Samples
(c) No Sample may be used for any purpose other than as described
in Rule 36.1(b) without the Athletes written consent. Samples
used (with the Athletes consent) for purposes other than Rule
36.1(b) shall have any means of identification removed such that
they cannot be traced back to a particular Athlete.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Standards for Sample Analysis and Reporting

(d) Laboratories shall analyse Samples and report results in
conformity with the International Standard for Laboratories.
Compliance with the International Standard for Laboratories (as
opposed to another alternative standard, practice or procedure)
shall be sufficient to conclude that the procedures addressed by
the International Standard for Laboratories have been properly
performed. The International Standard for Laboratories shall
include any Technical Documents issued pursuant to the
International Standard for Laboratories.
All Samples provided by Athletes in Doping Controls conducted at
International Competitions shall immediately become the property of
the IAAF.
If, at any stage, any question or issue arises concerning the analysis
or interpretation of the results of a Sample, the person responsible for
the analysis at the laboratory (or haematological laboratory or mobile
testing unit) may consult the IAAF Anti-Doping Administrator for
guidance.
If, at any stage, any question or issue arises in relation to a Sample,
the IAAF may require further or other tests to be conducted as
necessary to clarify the question or issue so raised and such tests may
be relied upon by the IAAF when deciding whether a Sample has
given rise to an Adverse Analytical Finding or other anti-doping rule
violation.
A Sample collected under Rule 36.2 may be re-analysed for the
purpose of Rule 36.1(b) at any time exclusively at the direction of
the IAAF or WADA (with the consent of the IAAF). All other
Samples collected in Athletics may be re-analysed exclusively at the
direction of the Testing Authority or the IAAF (with the consent of
the Testing Authority) or WADA. The circumstances and conditions
for re-testing Samples shall conform with the requirements of the
International Standard for Laboratories.
67
RULE 36
6.
Where an analysis indicates the Presence of a Prohibited Substance

or the Use of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method, the
WADA-accredited laboratory shall immediately confirm the Adverse
Analytical Finding or Atypical Finding in encoded form in a report
signed by an authorised representative of the Laboratory, sent either
to the IAAF, in the case of an IAAF Test, or to the relevant Member
in the case of a national Test (with a copy to the IAAF). In the case
of a national test, the Member shall inform the IAAF of the Adverse
Analytical Finding or Atypical Finding or Use and the name of the
Athlete promptly on receipt of the information from the WADAaccredited laboratory and, in all circumstances, within two weeks of
such receipt.
RULE 37
Results Management
1.
2.
3.
Upon receipt of an A Sample Adverse Analytical or Atypical Finding

or upon evidence of another anti-doping rule violation under these
Anti-Doping Rules, the matter shall be subject to the results
management process set out below.
In the case of an International-Level Athlete, the results management
process shall be conducted by the IAAF Anti-Doping Administrator
and, in all other cases, it shall be conducted by the relevant person or
body of the Athlete or other Persons National Federation. The
relevant person or body of the Athlete or other Persons National
Federation shall keep the IAAF Anti-Doping Administrator updated
on the process at all times. Requests for assistance or information in
conducting the results management process may be made to the IAAF
Anti-Doping Administrator at any time.
For the purposes of this Rule and Rule 38, references hereafter to the
IAAF Anti-Doping Administrator shall, where applicable, be
references to the relevant person or body of the Member (or of the
body to whom the Member has delegated results management
responsibility) and references to an Athlete shall, where applicable,
be references to any Athlete Support Personnel or other Person.
Upon receipt of an A Sample Adverse Analytical Finding, the IAAF
Anti-Doping Administrator shall conduct a review to determine
whether:
(a) the Adverse Analytical Finding is consistent with an applicable
TUE; or
RULES 36, 37
68
4.
(b) there is any apparent departure from the Anti-Doping

Regulations or the International Standard for Laboratories that
caused the Adverse Analytical Finding.
If the initial review of an Adverse Analytical Finding under Rule 37.3
does not reveal an applicable TUE or a departure from the AntiDoping Regulations or the International Standard for Laboratories
that caused the Adverse Analytical Finding, the IAAF Anti-Doping
Administrator shall promptly notify the Athlete of:
(a) the Adverse Analytical Finding;
(b) the Anti-Doping Rule that has been violated;
(c) the time limit within which the Athlete is to provide the IAAF,
either directly or through his National Federation, with an
explanation for the Adverse Analytical Finding;
(d) the Athletes right to request promptly the analysis of the B
Sample and, failing such request, that the B Sample shall be
deemed to be waived. The Athlete shall be advised at the same
time that, if the B Sample analysis is requested, all related
laboratory costs shall be met by the Athlete, unless the B Sample
fails to confirm the A, in which case the costs shall be met by the
organisation responsible for initiating the test;
(e) the scheduled date, time and place for the B Sample analysis if
requested by the IAAF or the Athlete which shall normally be no
later than 7 days after the date of notification of the Adverse
Analytical Finding to the Athlete. If the laboratory concerned
cannot subsequently accommodate the B Sample analysis on the
date fixed, the analysis shall take place at the earliest available
date for the laboratory thereafter. No other reason shall be
accepted for changing the date of the B Sample analysis;
(f) the opportunity for the Athlete and/or his representative to attend
the B sample opening procedure and analysis at the scheduled
date, time and place, if such analysis is requested; and
(g) the Athletes right to request copies of the A and B Sample
laboratory documentation package which includes the
information required by the International Standard for
Laboratories.
The IAAF Anti-Doping Administrator shall send the relevant
Member and WADA a copy of the above notification to the
Athlete. If the IAAF Anti-Doping Administrator decides not to
bring forward the Adverse Analytical Finding as an anti-doping
rule violation, it shall so notify the Athlete, Member and WADA.
69
RULE 37
5.
6.
As provided in the International Standards, in certain circumstances,

laboratories are directed to report the presence of Prohibited
Substances which may also be produced endogenously, as Atypical
Findings subject to further investigation. Upon receipt of the A
Sample Atypical Finding, the IAAF Anti-Doping Administrator shall
conduct an initial review to determine whether (a) the Atypical
Finding is consistent with an applicable TUE that has been granted as
provided in the International Standard for Therapeutic Use
Exemptions or (b) there is any apparent departure from the AntiDoping Regulations or International Standard for Laboratories that
caused the Atypical Finding. If the initial review does not reveal an
applicable TUE or departure from the Anti-Doping Regulations or
International Standard for Laboratories that caused the Atypical
Finding, the IAAF Anti-Doping Administrator shall conduct the
investigation required by the International Standards. After the
investigation is completed, WADA shall be notified whether or not
the Atypical Finding will be brought forward as an Adverse
Analytical Finding. If the Atypical Finding is to be brought forward
as an Adverse Analytical Finding, the Athlete shall be notified as in
Rule 37.4. The IAAF Anti-Doping Administrator will not provide
notice of an Atypical Finding until he has completed his investigation
and decided whether the IAAF will bring the Atypical Finding
forward unless one of the following circumstances exist:
(a) if the IAAF Anti-Doping Administrator determines the B
Sample should be analysed prior to the conclusion of his
investigation under Rule 37.5, the IAAF may conduct the B
Sample analysis after notifying the Athlete, with such notice to
include a description of the Atypical Finding and the information
where applicable described in Rule 37.4(b)-(g);
(b) if the IAAF Anti-Doping Administrator receives a request, either
from a Major Event Organisation shortly before one of its
international competitions or a request from a sports body
responsible for meeting an imminent deadline for selecting team
members for an international competition, to disclose whether
any Athlete identified on a list provided by the Major Event
Organisation or sports body has a pending Atypical Finding, the
IAAF Anti-Doping Administrator shall so identify any such
Athlete after first providing notice of the Atypical Finding to the
Athlete.
An Athlete may accept an A Sample Adverse Analytical Finding by
waiving his right to the B Sample analysis. The IAAF may however
RULE 37
70
request the analysis of a B Sample at any time if it believes that such

analysis will be relevant to consideration of the Athletes case.
7. The Athlete and/or his representative shall be allowed to be present
at the B Sample analysis and to attend throughout the analysis being
carried out. A representative of the Athletes National Federation may
also be present and attend throughout, as may a representative of the
IAAF. An Athlete shall remain provisionally suspended (see Rule
38.2) despite the fact that he has requested analysis of the B Sample.
8. Once the analysis of the B Sample has been concluded, a full
laboratory report shall be sent upon request to the IAAF Anti-Doping
Administrator, together with a copy of all relevant data required by
the International Standard for Laboratories. A copy of this report and
all relevant data shall be forwarded to the Athlete if so requested.
9. On receipt of the B Sample laboratory report, the IAAF Anti-Doping
Administrator shall conduct any follow-up investigation that may be
required by the Prohibited List. Upon completion of the follow-up
investigation, the IAAF Anti-Doping Administrator shall promptly
notify the Athlete regarding the results of the follow-up investigation
and whether or not the IAAF asserts, or continues to assert, that an
anti-doping rule has been violated.
10. In the case of any anti-doping rule violation where there is no Adverse
Analytical or Atypical Finding, the IAAF Anti-Doping Administrator
shall conduct any follow up investigation as may be required under
applicable anti-doping policies and rules adopted pursuant to the
Code or which he otherwise deems to be necessary and, on
completing such an investigation, shall promptly notify the Athlete
concerned whether it is asserted that an anti-doping rule violation has
been committed. If this is the case, the Athlete shall be afforded an
opportunity, either directly or through his National Federation, within
a time limit set by the IAAF Anti-Doping Administrator, to provide
an explanation in response to the anti-doping rule violation asserted.
11. Persons connected with Doping Control shall take all reasonable steps
to maintain confidentiality in a case until the B Sample analysis has
been concluded (or until any follow-up investigation to the B Sample
analysis as may be required by the Prohibited List under Rule 37.9
has been concluded), or until the B sample analysis is waived by the
Athlete. The identity of Athletes or other Persons who are alleged to
have committed anti-doping rule violations may be publicly disclosed
only after notice has been provided to the Athlete or other Person in
accordance with Rule 37.4 or 37.10 and, in normal circumstances, no
71
RULE 37
earlier than the imposition of a Provisional Suspension in accordance

with Rule 38.2 or Rule 38.3.
12. The IAAF Anti-Doping Administrator may at any time require a
Member to investigate a possible violation of these Anti-Doping
Rules by one or more Athlete or other Person within the Members
jurisdiction (where appropriate, acting in conjunction with the
National Anti-Doping Organisation in the Country or Territory of the
Member concerned and/or other relevant national authority or body).
A failure or refusal by the Member to conduct such an investigation
at the IAAFs request or to produce a written report on such
investigation within a reasonable time period as stipulated by the
IAAF Anti-Doping Administrator may lead to the imposition of
sanctions on the Member in accordance with Rule 44.
13. Results management in respect of an apparent Missed Test or Filing
Failure by an Athlete in the Registered Testing Pool shall be
conducted by the IAAF in accordance with the procedures set out in
the Anti-Doping Regulations. Results management in respect of an
apparent Missed Test or Filing Failure by an Athlete in a national
registered testing pool as a result of an attempt to test the Athlete by
or on behalf of the IAAF shall be conducted by the IAAF in
accordance with the Anti-Doping Regulations. Results management
in respect of an apparent Missed Test or Filing Failure by an Athlete
in a national registered testing pool as a result of an attempt to test the
Athlete by or on behalf of another Anti-Doping Organisation shall
be conducted by that other Anti-Doping Organisation in accordance
with the International Standard for Testing.
14. Results management in respect of the Athlete Biological Passport
programme shall be conducted by the IAAF in accordance with the
procedures set out in the Anti-Doping Regulations. If, in accordance
with the Anti-Doping Regulations, the IAAF proceeds with a case as
an asserted anti-doping rule violation, the IAAF Anti-Doping
Administrator may at the same time provisionally suspend the Athlete
pending resolution of the case by his National Federation.
Alternatively, the Athlete may accept a voluntary suspension
provided this is confirmed in writing to the IAAF. A decision to
impose a Provisional Suspension on an Athlete shall not be subject to
appeal. An Athlete who has been provisionally suspended, or who
has accepted a voluntary suspension, shall, however, be entitled to a
full expedited hearing before his Member in accordance with Rule
38.9.
RULE 37
72
15. The results management process from a test conducted by the IOC or
by any other international sports organisation body conducting testing
at an international competition over which the IAAF has no exclusive
control (e.g. the Commonwealth Games or the Pan American Games)
shall be managed, as far as determining an Athletes sanction beyond
disqualification from the International Competition in question, by
the IAAF in accordance with these Anti-Doping Rules.
RULE 38
Disciplinary Procedures
1.
Where it is asserted that an anti-doping rule violation has been

committed under these Anti-Doping Rules, disciplinary procedures
shall take place in the following three stages:
(a) provisional suspension;
(b) hearing;
(c) sanction or exoneration.
Provisional Suspension
2. If no explanation, or no adequate explanation, for an Adverse
Analytical Finding is received from the Athlete or his National
Federation within the time limit set by the IAAF Anti-Doping
Administrator in Rule 37.4(c), the Athlete, other than in the case of
an Adverse Analytical Finding for a Specified Substance, shall be
suspended, suspension at this time being provisional pending
resolution of the Athletes case by his National Federation. In the
case of an International-Level Athlete, the Athlete shall be suspended
by the IAAF Anti-Doping Administrator. In all other cases, the
National Federation of the Athlete shall impose the relevant
suspension by written notification to the Athlete. Alternatively, the
Athlete may accept a voluntary suspension provided that this is
confirmed in writing to his National Federation. In the case of an
Adverse Analytical Finding for a Specified Substance, or in the case
of any anti-doping rule violation other than an Adverse Analytical
Finding, the IAAF Anti-Doping Administrator may provisionally
suspend the Athlete pending resolution of the Athletes case by his
National Federation. A Provisional Suspension shall be effective from
the date of notification to the Athlete in accordance with these AntiDoping Rules.
3. In any case where the Member imposes a Provisional Suspension or
an Athlete accepts a voluntary suspension, the Member shall confirm
this fact to the IAAF immediately and the Athlete shall thereafter be
73
RULES 37, 38
4.
5.
6.
subject to the disciplinary procedures set out below. A voluntary

suspension shall be effective only from the date of receipt of the
Athletes written confirmation of such by the IAAF. If, contrary to the
above paragraph, the Member fails, in the opinion of the IAAF AntiDoping Administrator, to impose a Provisional Suspension as
required, the IAAF Anti-Doping Administrator shall himself impose
such a Provisional Suspension. Once the Provisional Suspension is
imposed by the IAAF Anti-Doping Administrator, it shall notify the
suspension to the Member which must then commence the
disciplinary procedures set out below.
A decision to impose a Provisional Suspension on an Athlete shall
not be subject to an appeal. An Athlete who has been provisionally
suspended, or who has accepted a voluntary suspension shall,
however, be entitled to a full expedited hearing before his Member in
accordance with Rule 38.9.
If a Provisional Suspension is imposed (or voluntarily accepted)
based on an A Sample Adverse Analytical Finding and a subsequent
B Sample analysis (if requested by the IAAF or the Athlete) does not
confirm the A Sample analysis, then the Athlete shall not be subject
to any further Provisional Suspension on account of a violation of
Rule 32.2(a) (Presence of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites
or Markers). In circumstances where the Athlete (or the Athletes
team as may be) has been removed from a Competition based on a
violation of Rule 32.2(a) and the subsequent B Sample does not
confirm the A Sample finding, if, without otherwise affecting the
Competition, it is still possible for the Athlete or team to be reinserted,
the Athlete or team may continue to take part in the Competition.
If an Athlete or other Person retires while a results management
process is underway, the organisation with results management
responsibility under these Anti-Doping Rules retains jurisdiction to
complete its results management process. If an Athlete or other
Person retires before any results management process has begun, the
organisation which would have had results management jurisdiction
under these Anti-Doping Rules over the Athlete or other Person at
the time the Athlete or other Person committed an anti-doping rule
violation, has jurisdiction to conduct results management.
Hearing
7. Every Athlete shall have the right to request a hearing before the
relevant tribunal of his National Federation before any sanction is
determined in accordance with these Anti-Doping Rules. When an
Athlete has obtained affiliation status abroad under Rule 4.3 above,
RULE 38
74
8.
9.
he shall have the right to request a hearing either before the relevant
tribunal of his original National Federation or before the relevant
tribunal of the Member whose affiliation has been obtained. The
hearing process shall respect the following principles: a timely
hearing; a fair and impartial hearing panel; the right to be represented
by counsel at the Athlete or other Persons own expense; the right to
be informed in a fair and timely manner of the asserted anti-doping
rule violation; the right to respond to the asserted anti-doping rule
violation and resulting Consequences; the right of each party to
present evidence, including the right to call and question witnesses
(subject to the hearing panels discretion to accept evidence by
telephone or written submission); the Athlete or other Persons right
to an interpreter at the hearing, with the hearing panel to determine the
identity and responsibility for the cost of the interpreter; and a timely,
written, reasoned decision specifically including an explanation of
the reason(s) for any period of Ineligibility.
When an Athlete is notified that his explanation has been rejected
and that he is to be provisionally suspended in accordance with Rule
38.2 above, he shall also be told of his right to request a hearing. If
the Athlete fails to confirm in writing to his National Federation or
other relevant body within 14 days of such notice that he wishes to
have a hearing, he will be deemed to have waived his right to a
hearing and to have accepted that he committed the anti-doping rule
violation in question. This fact shall be confirmed in writing to the
IAAF by the Member within 5 working days.
If a hearing is requested by an Athlete, it shall be convened without
delay and the hearing completed within 3 months of the date of
notification of the Athletes request to the Member. Members shall
keep the IAAF fully informed as to the status of all cases pending
hearing and of all hearing dates as soon as they are fixed. The IAAF
shall have the right to attend all hearings as an observer. However, the
IAAFs attendance at a hearing, or any other involvement in a case,
shall not affect its right to appeal the Members decision to CAS
pursuant to Rule 42. If the Member fails to complete a hearing within
3 months or if, having completed a hearing, fails to render a decision
within a reasonable time period thereafter, the IAAF may impose a
deadline for such event. If in either case the deadline is not met, the
IAAF may elect, if the Athlete is an International-Level Athlete, to
have the case referred directly to a single arbitrator appointed by
CAS. The case shall be handled in accordance with CAS rules (those
applicable to the appeal arbitration procedure without reference to
75
RULE 38
10.
11.
12.
13.
any time limit for appeal). The hearing shall proceed at the
responsibility and expense of the Member and the decision of the
single arbitrator shall be subject to appeal to CAS in accordance with
Rule 42. A failure by a Member to hold a hearing for an Athlete
within 3 months under this Rule may further result in the imposition
of a sanction under Rule 44.
The Athlete may elect to forego a hearing by acknowledging in
writing a violation of these Anti-Doping Rules and accepting
Consequences consistent with Rule 40. Where an Athlete accepts
Consequences consistent with Rule 40 and no hearing occurs, the
Member shall nevertheless ratify the Athletes acceptance of
Consequences by a reasoned decision of its relevant body and send a
copy of such decision to the IAAF within 5 working days of the
decision being made. A decision by a Member arising from an
Athletes acceptance of Consequences under these Anti-Doping
Rules may be appealed in accordance with Rule 42.
The Athletes hearing shall take place before the relevant tribunal
constituted or otherwise authorised by the Member. Where a Member
delegates the conduct of a hearing to any body, committee or tribunal
(whether within or outside the Member), or where for any other
reason, any national body, committee or tribunal outside of the
Member is responsible for affording an Athlete his hearing under
these Rules, the decision of that body, committee or tribunal shall be
deemed, for the purposes of Rule 42, to be the decision of the
Member and the word Member in such Rule shall be so construed.
At the hearing of the Athletes case, the relevant tribunal shall
consider first whether or not an anti-doping rule violation has been
committed. The Member or other prosecuting authority shall have
the burden of proving the anti-doping rule violation to the
comfortable satisfaction of the tribunal (see Rule 33.1).
If the relevant tribunal of the Member considers that an anti-doping
rule violation has not been committed, this decision shall be notified
to the IAAF Anti-Doping Administrator in writing within 5 working
days of the decision being made (together with a copy of the written
reasons for such decision). The case shall then be reviewed by the
Doping Review Board which shall decide whether or not it should
be referred to arbitration before CAS pursuant to Rule 42.15. If the
Doping Review Board does so decide, it may at the same time reimpose, where appropriate, the Athletes provisional suspension
pending resolution of the appeal by CAS.
RULE 38
76
14. If the relevant tribunal of the Member considers that an anti-doping

rule violation has been committed, prior to the imposition of any
period of Ineligibility, the Athlete shall have the opportunity to
establish that there are exceptional / special circumstances in his case
justifying a reduction of the sanction otherwise applicable under Rule
40.
Exceptional / Special Circumstances
15. All decisions taken under these Anti-Doping Rules regarding
exceptional / special circumstances must be harmonised so that the
same legal conditions can be guaranteed for all Athletes, regardless
of their nationality, domicile, level or experience. Consequently, in
considering the question of exceptional / special circumstances, the
following principles shall be applied:
(a) it is each Athletes personal duty to ensure that no Prohibited
Substance enters his body tissues or fluids. Athletes are warned
that they shall be held responsible for any Prohibited Substance
found to be present in their bodies (see Rule 32.2(a)(i)).
(b) exceptional circumstances will exist only in cases where the
circumstances are truly exceptional and not in the vast majority
of cases.
(c) taking into consideration the Athletes personal duty in Rule
38.15(a), the following will not normally be regarded as cases
which are truly exceptional: an allegation that the Prohibited
Substance or Prohibited Method was given to an Athlete by
another Person without his knowledge, an allegation that the
Prohibited Substance was taken by mistake, an allegation that
the Prohibited Substance was due to the taking of contaminated
food supplements or an allegation that medication was
prescribed by Athlete Support Personnel in ignorance of the fact
that it contained a Prohibited Substance.
(d) exceptional circumstances may however exist where an Athlete
or other Person has provided Substantial Assistance to the IAAF,
his National Federation, an Anti-Doping Organisation, criminal
authority or professional disciplinary body resulting in the IAAF,
National Federation, Anti-Doping Organisation, criminal
authority or professional disciplinary body discovering or
establishing an anti-doping rule violation by another Person or
resulting in a criminal or disciplinary body discovering or
establishing a criminal offence or breach of professional rules
by another Person.
77
RULE 38
16.
17.
18.
19.
(e) special circumstances may exist in the case of an Adverse

Analytical Finding for a Specified Substance where the Athlete
can establish how the Specified Substance entered his body or
came into his Possession and that such Specified Substance was
not intended to enhance the Athletes sport performance or mask
the use of a performance enhancing substance.
The determination of exceptional / special circumstances in cases
involving International-Level Athletes shall be made by the Doping
Review Board (see Rule 38.20).
If an Athlete seeks to establish that there are exceptional / special
circumstances in his case, the relevant tribunal shall consider, based
on the evidence presented, and with strict regard to the principles set
out in Rule 38.15, whether, in its view, the circumstances in the
Athletes case may be exceptional / special. In a case under Rule
32.2(a), the Athlete must in any event be able to demonstrate how
the Prohibited Substance entered his body in order to have the period
of Ineligibility reduced.
If, having examined the evidence presented, the relevant tribunal
considers that there are no exceptional / special circumstances in the
Athletes case, it shall impose the sanction prescribed in Rule 40. The
Member shall notify the IAAF and the Athlete in writing of the
relevant tribunals decision, within 5 working days of the decision
being made.
If, having examined the evidence presented, the relevant tribunal
considers that there are circumstances in the Athletes case which
may be exceptional / special, if the case involves an InternationalLevel Athlete, it shall:
(a) refer the matter to the Doping Review Board (via the General
Secretary), together with all material and/or evidence which, in
its view, demonstrates the exceptional nature of the
circumstances; and
(b) invite the Athlete and/or his National Federation to support the
referral of the relevant tribunal or to make independent
submissions in support of such referral; and
(c) adjourn the hearing of the Athletes case pending the Doping
Review Boards determination on exceptional / special
circumstances.
The Athletes provisional suspension shall remain in place pending
the receipt of the Doping Review Boards determination on
exceptional / special circumstances.
RULE 38
78
20. Upon receipt of a reference from the relevant tribunal, the Doping
Review Board shall examine the question of exceptional / special
circumstances only, on the basis of the written materials which have
been submitted to it. The Doping Review Board shall have the power:
(a) to exchange views on the matter by e-mail, telephone, facsimile
or in person;
(b) to call for further evidence or documents;
(c) to call for any further explanation from the Athlete;
(d) if necessary, to request the attendance of the Athlete before it.
Based on a review of the written materials submitted to it, including
any further evidence or documents, or further explanation provided
by the Athlete, the Doping Review Board, having strict regard to the
principles set out in Rule 38.15, shall make a determination on
whether there are exceptional / special circumstances in the case and,
if so, into which category they fall, i.e., whether the exceptional
circumstances demonstrate No Fault or No Negligence on the
Athletes part (see Rule 40.5(a)) or No Significant Fault or No
Significant Negligence on the Athletes part (see Rule 40.5(b)) or
Substantial Assistance by the Athlete resulting in discovering or
establishing an anti-doping rule violation or a criminal offence or
breach of professional rules by another Person (see Rule 40.5(c)), or
whether the special circumstances for a reduction of sanction for
Specified Substances are met (see Rule 40.4). This determination
shall be conveyed to the Member in writing by the General Secretary.
21. If the Doping Review Boards determination is that there are no
exceptional / special circumstances in the case, the determination
shall be binding on the relevant tribunal, which shall impose the
sanction prescribed in Rule 40. The Member shall notify the IAAF
and the Athlete in writing of the relevant tribunals decision, which
shall incorporate the Doping Review Boards determination, within
5 working days of the decision being made.
22. If the Doping Review Boards determination is that there are
exceptional / special circumstances in the case, the relevant tribunal
shall decide the Athletes sanction in accordance with Rule 40.4 or
40.5, consistent with the Doping Review Boards categorisation of
the exceptional / special circumstances in Rule 38.20. The Member
shall notify the IAAF and the Athlete of the relevant tribunals
decision in writing, within 5 working days of the decision being
made, including full reasons for the sanction that it decides.
79
RULE 38
23. The Athlete shall have the right to seek a review of the Doping
Review Boards determination on exceptional / special circumstances
to CAS. In all cases, the standard of review of the Doping Review
Boards determination on the question of exceptional / special
circumstances shall be as set out in Rule 42.21.
24. In cases which do not involve International-Level Athletes, the
relevant tribunal shall consider, having strict regard to the principles
set out in Rule 38.15, whether there are exceptional / special
circumstances in the Athletes case and decide upon the Athletes
sanction accordingly. The Member shall notify the IAAF and the
Athlete of the relevant tribunals decision in writing, within 5
working days of the decision being made. If the relevant tribunal
concludes that there are exceptional / special circumstances in an
Athletes case, it shall set out the full factual basis for such conclusion
and for the sanction that it decides as part of its written reasons.
RULE 39
Automatic Disqualification of Individual Results
An anti-doping rule violation in connection with an In-Competition
test automatically leads to disqualification from the Event in question,
with all resulting consequences for the Athlete, including the
forfeiture of all titles, awards, medals, points and prize and
appearance money.
RULE 40
Sanctions on Individuals
Disqualification of Results in the Competition during which an AntiDoping Rule Violation Occurs
1. An anti-doping rule violation occurring during or in connection with
a Competition shall lead to the disqualification of all of the Athletes
results from the Competition, with all resulting consequences for the
Athlete, including the forfeiture of all titles, awards, medals, points
and prize and appearance money, except as provided below.
If the Athlete establishes that he bears No Fault or Negligence for the
violation, the Athletes individual results in the other Events shall not
be disqualified unless the Athletes results in Events other than the
Event in which the anti-doping rule violation occurred were likely to
have been affected by the Athletes anti-doping rule violation.
RULES 38, 39, 40
80
Ineligibility for Presence, Use or Attempted Use or Possession of

Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods
2. The period of Ineligibility imposed for a violation of Rules 32.2(a)
(Presence of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers),
32.2(b) (Use or Attempted Use of a Prohibited Substances or
Prohibited Method) or 32.2(f) (Possession of Prohibited Substances
and Prohibited Methods), unless the conditions for eliminating or
reducing the period of Ineligibility as provided in Rules 40.4 and
40.5, or the conditions for increasing the period of Ineligibility as
provided in Rule 40.6 are met, shall be as follows:
First Violation: Two (2) years Ineligibility.
Ineligibility for Other Anti-Doping Rule Violations
3. The period of Ineligibility for anti-doping rule violations other than
as provided in Rule 40.2 shall be as follows:
(a) For violations of Rule 32.2(c) (refusing or failing to submit to
Sample collection) or Rule 32.2(e) (Tampering with Doping
Control), the period of Ineligibility shall be two (2) years unless
the conditions provided in Rule 40.5, or the conditions provided
in Rule 40.6, are met.
(b) For violations of Rule 32.2(g) (Trafficking or Attempted
Trafficking) or Rule 32.2(h) (Administration or Attempted
Administration of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method),
the period of Ineligibility imposed shall be a minimum of four
(4) years up to lifetime Ineligibility unless the conditions in Rule
40.5 are met. An anti-doping rule violation involving a Minor
shall be considered a particularly serious violation and, if
committed by Athlete Support Personnel for violations other
than Specified Substances referenced in Rule 34.5, shall result in
lifetime Ineligibility for such Athlete Support Personnel. In
addition, significant violations of Rules 32.2(g) or 32.2(h) which
may also violate non-sporting laws and regulations, shall be
reported to the competent administrative, professional or judicial
authorities.
(c) For violations of Rule 32.2(d) (Filing Failures and/or Missed
Tests), the period of Ineligibility shall be at a minimum one (1)
year and at a maximum two (2) years based on the Athletes
degree of fault.
81
RULE 40
Elimination or Reduction of Period of Ineligibility for Specified

Substances under Specific Circumstances
4. Where an Athlete or other Person can establish how a Specified
Substance entered his body or came into his Possession and that such
Specified Substance was not intended to enhance the Athletes sport
performance or mask the Use of a performance enhancing substance,
the period of Ineligibility in Rule 40.2 shall be replaced with the
following:
First Violation: At a minimum, a reprimand and no period of
Ineligibility from future Competitions and, at a maximum, two (2)
years Ineligibility.
To justify any elimination or reduction, the Athlete or other Person
must produce corroborating evidence in addition to his word which
establishes to the comfortable satisfaction of the hearing panel the
absence of an intent to enhance sport performance or to mask the Use
of a performance-enhancing substance. The Athlete or other Persons
degree of fault shall be the criterion considered in assessing any
reduction of period of Ineligibility.
This Article applies only in those circumstances where the hearing
panel is comfortably satisfied by the objective circumstances of the
case that the Athlete in taking a Prohibited Substance did not intend
to enhance his sport performance.
Elimination or Reduction of Period of Ineligibility Based on Exceptional
Circumstances
5. (a) No Fault or Negligence: If an Athlete or other Person establishes
in an individual case that he bears No Fault or Negligence, the
otherwise applicable period of Ineligibility shall be eliminated.
When a Prohibited Substance or its Markers or Metabolites is
detected in an Athletes Sample in violation of Rule 32.2(a)
(Presence of a Prohibited Substance), the Athlete must establish
how the Prohibited Substance entered his system in order to have
his period of Ineligibility eliminated.
In the event that this Rule is applied and the period of
Ineligibility otherwise applicable is eliminated, the anti-doping
rule violation shall not be considered a violation for the limited
purpose of determining the period of Ineligibility for multiple
violations under Rule 40.7.
(b) No Significant Fault or Negligence: If an Athlete or other Person
establishes in an individual case that he bears No Significant
RULE 40
82
Fault or Negligence, then the otherwise applicable period of

Ineligibility may be reduced, but the reduced period of
Ineligibility may not be less than one-half of the period of
Ineligibility otherwise applicable. If the otherwise applicable
period of Ineligibility is a lifetime, the reduced period under this
Rule may be no less than eight (8) years. When a Prohibited
Substance or its Markers or Metabolites is detected in an
Athletes Sample in violation of Rule 32.2(a) (Presence of a
Prohibited Substance), the Athlete must establish how the
Prohibited Substance entered his system in order to have the
period of Ineligibility reduced.
(c) Substantial Assistance in Discovering or Establishing AntiDoping Rule Violations: The relevant tribunal of a Member may,
prior to a final appellate decision under Rule 42 or the expiration
of the time to appeal (where applicable in the case of an
International-Level Athlete having referred the matter to the
Doping Review Board for its determination under Rule 38.16)
suspend a part of the period of Ineligibility imposed in an
individual case where the Athlete or other Person has provided
Substantial Assistance to the IAAF, his National Federation, an
Anti-Doping Organisation, criminal authority or professional
disciplinary body resulting in the IAAF, National Federation or
Anti-Doping Organisation discovering or establishing an antidoping rule violation by another Person or resulting in a criminal
or disciplinary body discovering or establishing a criminal
offence or the breach of professional rules by another Person.
After a final appellate decision under Rule 42 or the expiration
of time to appeal, an Athlete or other Persons period of
Ineligibility may only be suspended by a Member if the Doping
Review Board so determines and WADA agrees. If the Doping
Review Board determines that there has been no Substantial
Assistance, the determination shall be binding on the Member
and there shall be no suspension of Ineligibility. If the Doping
Review Board determines that there has been Substantial
Assistance, the Member shall decide on the period of
Ineligibility that shall be suspended. The extent to which the
otherwise applicable period of Ineligibility may be suspended
shall be based on the seriousness of the anti-doping rule violation
committed by the Athlete or other Person and the significance of
the Substantial Assistance provided by the Athlete or other
Person to the effort to eliminate doping in Athletics. No more
83
RULE 40
than three-quarters of the otherwise applicable period of

Ineligibility may be suspended. If the otherwise applicable
period of Ineligibility is a lifetime, the non-suspended period
under this Rule must be no less than eight (8) years. If the
Member suspends any part of the period of Ineligibility under
this Rule, the Member shall promptly provide a written
justification for its decision to the IAAF and any other party
having a right to appeal the decision. If the Member
subsequently reinstates any part of the suspended period of
Ineligibility because the Athlete or other Person has failed to
provide the Substantial Assistance which was anticipated, the
Athlete or other Person may appeal the reinstatement.
(d) Admission of an Anti-Doping Rule Violation in the Absence of
Other Evidence: Where an Athlete or other Person voluntarily
admits the commission of an anti-doping rule violation before
having received notice of a Sample collection which could
establish an anti-doping rule violation (or, in the case of an antidoping rule violation other than Rule 32.2(a), before receiving
first notice of the admitted violation pursuant to Rule 37) and
that admission is the only reliable evidence of the violation at
the time of the admission, then the period of Ineligibility may
be reduced but not below one-half of the period of Ineligibility
otherwise applicable.
(e) Where an Athlete or Other Person Establishes Entitlement to
Reduction in Sanction under more than one Provision of this
Rule: Before applying any reduction or suspension under Rules
40.5(b), (c) or (d), the otherwise applicable period of Ineligibility
shall be determined in accordance with Rules 40.2, 40.3, 40.4
and 40.6. If the Athlete or other Person establishes entitlement to
a reduction or suspension of the period of Ineligibility under two
or more of Rules 40.5(b), (c) or (d), then the period of
Ineligibility may be reduced or suspended but not below onequarter of the otherwise applicable period of Ineligibility.
Aggravating Circumstances which may Increase the Period of
Ineligibility
6. If it is established in an individual case involving an anti-doping rule
violation other than violations under Rule 32.2(g) (Trafficking or
Attempted Trafficking) and Rule 32.2(h) (Administration or
Attempted Administration) that aggravating circumstances are
RULE 40
84
present which justify the imposition of a period of Ineligibility greater

than the standard sanction, then the period of Ineligibility otherwise
applicable shall be increased up to a maximum of four (4) years
unless the Athlete or other Person can prove to the comfortable
satisfaction of the hearing panel that he did not knowingly commit the
anti-doping rule violation.
(a) Examples of aggravating circumstances which may justify the
imposition of a period of Ineligibility greater than the standard
sanction are: the Athlete or other Person committed the antidoping rule violation as part of a doping plan or scheme, either
individually or involving a conspiracy or common enterprise to
commit anti-doping rule violations; the Athlete or other Person
used or possessed multiple Prohibited Substances or Prohibited
Methods or used or possessed a Prohibited Substance or
Prohibited Method on multiple occasions; a normal individual
would be likely to enjoy performance-enhancing effects of the
anti-doping rule violation(s) beyond the otherwise applicable
period of Ineligibility; the Athlete or other Person engaged in
deceptive or obstructing conduct to avoid the detection or
adjudication of an anti-doping rule violation. For the avoidance
of doubt, the examples of aggravating circumstances referred to
above are not exclusive and other aggravating factors may also
justify the imposition of a longer period of Ineligibility.
(b) An Athlete or other Person can avoid the application of this Rule
by admitting the anti-doping rule violation as asserted promptly
after being confronted with the anti-doping rule violation (which
means no later than the date of the deadline given to provide a
written explanation in accordance with Rule 37.4(c) and, in all
events, before the Athlete competes again).
Multiple Violations
7. (a) Second Anti-Doping Rule Violation: For an Athlete or other
Persons first anti-doping rule violation, the period of
Ineligibility is set out in Rules 40.2 and 40.3 (subject to
elimination, reduction or suspension under Rules 40.4 or 40.5
or to an increase under Rule 40.6). For a second anti-doping rule
violation, the period of Ineligibility shall be within the range set
out in the table below:
85
RULE 40
2nd violation
1st violation
RS
FFMT
NSF
St
AS
TRA
RS
1-4
2-4
2-4
4-6
8-10
10-life
FFMT
1-4
4-8
4-8
6-8
10-life
life
NSF
1-4
4-8
4-8
6-8
10-life
life
St
2-4
6-8
6-8
8-life
life
life
AS
4-5
10-life
10-life
life
life
life
TRA
8-life
life
life
life
life
life
Definitions for the purpose of the second anti-doping rule

violation table:
RS (Reduced Sanction for Specified Substance under Rule 40.4):
the anti-doping rule violation was or should be sanctioned by a
reduced sanction under Rule 40.4 because it involved a Specified
Substance and the other conditions of Rule 40.4 have been met)
FFMT (Filing Failures and/or Missed Tests): the anti-doping rule
violation was or should be sanctioned under Rule 40.3(c) (Filing
Failures and/or Missed Tests)
NSF (Reduced Sanction for No Significant Fault or Negligence):
the anti-doping rule violation was or should be sanctioned under
Rule 40.5(b) because No Significant Fault or Negligence under
Rule 40.5(b) was proved by the Athlete.
St (Standard Sanction under Rule 40.2 or 40.3(a)): the antidoping rule violation was or should be sanctioned by the
standard sanction under Rule 40.2 or Rule 40.3(a).
AS (Aggravated Sanction): the anti-doping rule violation was or
should be sanctioned by an aggravated sanction under Rule 40.6
because the conditions set out in Rule 40.6 were established.
TRA (Trafficking or Administration): the anti-doping rule
violation was or should be sanctioned by a sanction under Rule
40.3(b) for Trafficking or Administration.
(b) Application of Rules 40.5(c) and Rule 40.5(d) to Second AntiDoping Violation: Where an Athlete or other Person who
commits a second anti-doping rule violation establishes
entitlement to suspension or reduction of a portion of the period
of Ineligibility under Rule 40.5(c) or Rule 40.5(d), the hearing
panel shall first determine the otherwise applicable period of
Ineligibility within the range established in the table in Rule
RULE 40
86
40.7(a) and then apply the appropriate suspension or reduction

of the period of Ineligibility. The remaining period of
Ineligibility, after applying any suspension or reduction under
Rule 40.5(c) and Rule 40.5(d) must be at least one quarter of the
otherwise applicable period of Ineligibility.
(c) Third Anti-Doping Rule Violation: A third anti-doping rule
violation will always result in a lifetime period of Ineligibility,
except if the third violation fulfils the condition for elimination
or reduction of the period of Ineligibility under Rule 40.4 or
involves a violation of Rule 32.2(d) (Filing Failures and/or
Missed Tests). In these particular cases, the period of
Ineligibility shall be from eight (8) years to a lifetime ban.
(d) Additional Rules for Certain Potential Multiple Violations:
(i) For the purposes of imposing sanctions under Rule 40.7, an
anti-doping rule violation will only be considered a second
violation if it can be established that the Athlete or other
Person committed the second anti-doping rule violation
after the Athlete or other Person received notice pursuant
to Rule 37 (Results Management) or after reasonable efforts
were made to give notice of the first anti-doping rule
violation; if this cannot be established, the violations shall
be considered together as one single first violation and the
sanction imposed shall be based on the violation that carries
the more severe sanction; however, the occurrence of
multiple violations may be considered as a factor in
determining aggravating circumstances (Rule 40.6).
(ii) If, after the resolution of a first anti-doping rule violation,
facts are discovered involving an anti-doping rule violation
by the Athlete or other Person which occurred prior to
notification of the first violation, then an additional sanction
shall be imposed based on the sanction that could have been
imposed if the two violations would have been adjudicated
at the same time. Results in all events dating back to the
earlier anti-doping rule violation will be Disqualified as
provided in Rule 40.8. To avoid the possibility of a finding
of aggravating circumstances (Rule 40.6) on account of the
earlier-in-time but later-discovered violation, the Athlete or
other Person must voluntarily admit the earlier anti-doping
rule violation on a timely basis after notice of the violation
for which he is first charged (which means no later than the
deadline to provide a written explanation in accordance with
87
RULE 40
Rule 37.4(c) and, in all events, before the Athlete competes

again). The same rule shall also apply when facts are
discovered involving another prior violation after the
resolution of a second anti-doping rule violation.
(e) Multiple Anti-Doping Rule Violations during Eight (8) Year
Period: For the purposes of Rule 40.7, each anti-doping rule
violation must take place within the same eight (8) year period
in order to be considered multiple violations.
Disqualification of Results in Competitions Subsequent to Sample
Collection or Commission of an Anti-Doping Rule Violation
8. In addition to the automatic disqualification of the results in the
Competition which produced the positive sample under Rules 39 and
40, all other competitive results obtained from the date the positive
Sample was collected (whether In-Competition or Out-ofCompetition) or other anti-doping rule violation occurred through to
the commencement of any Provisional Suspension or Ineligibility
period shall be Disqualified with all of the resulting Consequences for
the Athlete including the forfeiture of any titles, awards, medals,
points and prize and appearance money.
9. The following shall apply to prize money forfeited under Rule 40.8:
(a) Allocation of Forfeited Prize Money: where prize money has not
already been paid to the Ineligible Athlete, it shall be re-allocated
to the Athlete(s) who placed behind the Ineligible Athlete in the
relevant Event(s) or Competition(s). Where prize money has
already been paid to the Ineligible Athlete, it shall be re-allocated
to the Athlete(s) who placed behind the Ineligible Athlete in the
relevant Event(s) or Competition(s) only if and when all the
forfeited prize money has been repaid by the Ineligible Athlete
to the relevant person or entity; and
(b) as a condition of regaining eligibility after being found to have
committed an anti-doping rule violation, the Ineligible Athlete
must first repay all prize money forfeited under Rule 40.8 (see
Rule 40.12(a)).
Commencement of Period of Ineligibility
10. Except as provided below, the period of Ineligibility shall start on the
date of the hearing decision providing for Ineligibility or, if the
hearing is waived, on the date the Ineligibility is accepted or
otherwise imposed. Any period of Provisional Suspension (whether
imposed or voluntarily accepted) shall be credited against the total
period of Ineligibility to be served.
RULE 40
88
(a) Timely Admission: where the Athlete promptly admits the antidoping rule violation in writing after being confronted (which
means no later than the date of the deadline given to provide a
written explanation in accordance with Rule 37.4(c), Rule 37.10
or section 6.16 of the Anti-Doping Regulations and, in all events,
before the Athlete competes again), the period of Ineligibility
may start as early as the date of Sample collection or the date on
which another anti-doping rule violation last occurred. In each
case, however, where this Rule is applied, the Athlete or other
Person shall serve at least one-half of the period of Ineligibility
going forward from the date the Athlete or other Person accepted
the imposition of a sanction, the date of a hearing decision
imposing a sanction or the date the sanction is otherwise
imposed.
(b) If a Provisional Suspension is imposed and respected by the
Athlete, then the Athlete shall receive a credit for such period of
Provisional Suspension against any period of Ineligibility which
may ultimately be imposed.
(c) If an Athlete voluntarily accepts a Provisional Suspension in
writing (pursuant to Rule 38.2) and thereafter refrains from
competing, the Athlete shall receive credit for such period of
voluntary Provisional Suspension against any period of
Ineligibility which may ultimately be imposed. In accordance
with Rule 38.3, a voluntary suspension is effective upon the date
of its receipt by the IAAF.
(d) No credit against a period of Ineligibility shall be given for any
time period before the effective date of the Provisional
Suspension or voluntary Provisional Suspension regardless of
whether the Athlete elected not to compete or was not selected
to compete.
Status during Ineligibility
11. (a) Prohibition against Participation during Ineligibility: no Athlete
or other Person who has been declared Ineligible may, during
the period of Ineligibility, participate in any capacity in any
Competition or activity, other than in authorised anti-doping
education or rehabilitation programmes, authorised or organised
by the IAAF or any Area Association or Member (or any Club
or other member organisation of a Member) or Signatory (or
Signatorys member or a club or other member organisation of
a Signatorys member) or in competitions authorised or
organised by any professional league or any international or
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RULE 40
national-level organisation. The term activity for the purpose

of this Rule includes without limitation participating in any
capacity, including as an Athlete, coach or other Athlete Support
Personnel, in a training camp, exhibition or practice or other
activity organised by the Athletes Member (or any Club or other
member organisation of a Member) or by a Signatory (for
example, at a national training centre) as well as participating in
administrative activities such as serving as an official, director,
officer, employee or volunteer of any organisation referred to in
this Rule. An Athlete subject to a period of Ineligibility shall
remain subject to Testing. An Athlete or other Person subject to
a period of Ineligibility of more than four (4) years may, after
completing four years of the period of Ineligibility, participate in
local sport events in a sport other than Athletics but only so long
as the local sport event is not at a level that could otherwise
qualify such Athlete or other Person directly or indirectly to
compete in (or accumulate points towards) a national
championship or international competition.
(b) Violation of the Prohibition of Participation during Ineligibility:
where an Athlete or other Person who has been declared
Ineligible violates the prohibition against participation during
Ineligibility described in Rule 40.11(a), the results of such
participation shall be Disqualified and the period of Ineligibility
which was originally imposed shall start over again as at the date
of the violation. The new period of Ineligibility may be reduced
under Rule 40.5(b) if the Athlete or other Person establishes he
bears No Significant Fault or Negligence for violating the
prohibition against participation. The determination of whether
an Athlete or other Person has violated the prohibition against
participation and whether a reduction under Rule 40.5(b) is
appropriate shall be made by the body whose results
management led to the imposition of the initial period of
Ineligibility.
(c) Withholding of Financial Support during Ineligibility: in
addition, for any anti-doping rule violation not involving a
reduced sanction for a Specified Substance as described in Rule
40.4, some or all sport-related financial support or other sportrelated benefits received by such Person will be withheld.
RULE 40
90
Return to Competition following Ineligibility

12. As a condition to regaining eligibility at the end of a specified period
of Ineligibility, an Athlete or other Person must comply with the
following requirements:
(a) Repayment of Prize Money: the Athlete must repay any and all
prize money that he has received in relation to performances in
Competitions from the date of the Sample collection that resulted
in an Adverse Analytical Finding or other anti-doping rule
violation, or from the date of the commission of any other antidoping rule violation, going forward;
(b) Return of Medals: the Athlete must return any and all medals
(both individual and team) that he has received in relation to
performances in Competitions from the date of the Sample
collection that resulted in an Adverse Analytical Finding or other
anti-doping rule violation, or from the date of commission of
any other anti-doping rule violation, going forward; and
(c) Reinstatement Testing: the Athlete must, during any period of
Provisional Suspension or Ineligibility, make himself available
for Out-of-Competition testing by the IAAF, his National
Federation and any other organisation having authority to
conduct Testing under these Anti-Doping Rules, and must, if
requested, provide current and accurate whereabouts information
for such purpose. Where an International-level Athlete has been
rendered ineligible for one (1) year or more, a minimum of four
(4) reinstatement tests must be conducted, three (3) Out-ofCompetition tests and one (1) for the full range of Prohibited
Substances and Prohibited Methods immediately prior to the end
of the Ineligibility period. These reinstatement tests shall be at
the Athletes cost and shall be conducted with at least three (3)
months between each test. The IAAF shall be responsible for the
conduct of the reinstatement tests, in accordance with the AntiDoping Rules and Regulations, but tests by any competent
Testing body may be relied upon by the IAAF to satisfy this
requirement, provided the Samples collected have been analysed
by a WADA-accredited laboratory. Where an Athlete competing
in Running events, Race Walking events or Combined events
has been found guilty of an anti-doping rule violation under the
Rules, at least his last two reinstatement tests shall be analysed
for erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and their releasing factors.
The results of all reinstatement tests, together with copies of the
relevant doping control forms, must be sent to the IAAF prior to
91
RULE 40
the Athlete returning to competition. If any reinstatement Testing

carried out pursuant to this Rule results in an Adverse Analytical
Finding or other anti-doping rule violation, this will constitute a
separate anti-doping rule violation and the Athlete will be subject
to disciplinary proceedings and further sanction, as appropriate.
(d) Once the period of an Athletes Ineligibility has expired,
provided that he has complied with the requirements of Rule
40.12, he shall become automatically re-eligible and no
application by the Athlete or his National Federation to the IAAF
shall be necessary.
RULE 41
Sanctions on Teams
1.
2.
Where the Athlete who has committed an anti-doping rule violation

competed as a member of a relay team, the relay team shall be
automatically disqualified from the Event in question, with all
resulting consequences for the relay team, including the forfeiture of
all titles, awards, medals, points and prize money. If the Athlete who
has committed an anti-doping rule violation competes for a relay team
in a subsequent Event in the Competition, the relay team shall be
disqualified from the subsequent Event, with all the same resulting
consequences for the relay team, including the forfeiture of all titles,
awards, medals, points and prize money unless the Athlete establishes
that he bears No Fault or Negligence for the violation and that his
participation in the relay was not likely to have been affected by the
anti-doping rule violation.
Where the Athlete who has committed an anti-doping rule violation
competed as a member of a team other than a relay team, in an Event
where a team ranking is based on the addition of individual results,
the team shall not be automatically disqualified from the Event in
question but the result of the Athlete committing the violation will
be subtracted from the team result and replaced with the result of the
next applicable team member. If, by subtracting the Athletes result
from the teams result, the number of Athletes counting for the team
is less than the required number, the team shall be disqualified. This
same principle shall apply to the calculation of a team result if the
Athlete who has committed an anti-doping rule violation competes
for a team in a subsequent Event in the Competition unless the
Athlete establishes that he bears No Fault or Negligence for the
violation and that his participation in the team was not likely to have
been affected by the anti-doping rule violation.
RULES 40, 41
92
3.
In addition to the disqualification of results in Rule 40.8:

(a) the results of any relay team in which the Athlete competed from
the date the positive Sample was collected or other violation
occurred through to the commencement of any Provisional
Suspension or Ineligibility period shall be disqualified, with all
resulting consequences for the relay team, including the
forfeiture of all titles, awards, medals, points and prize money;
and
(b) the results of any team other than a relay team in which the
Athlete competed from the date the positive Sample was
collected or other violation occurred through to the
commencement of any Provisional Suspension or Ineligibility
period shall not be automatically disqualified but the result of
the Athlete committing the anti-doping rule violation will be
subtracted from the team result and replaced with the result of
the next applicable team member. If, by subtracting the Athletes
result from the teams result, the number of Athletes counting
for the team is less than the required number, the team shall be
disqualified.
RULE 42
Appeals
Decisions subject to Appeal

1. Unless specifically stated otherwise, all decisions made under these
Anti-Doping Rules may be appealed in accordance with the
provisions set out below. All such decisions shall remain in effect
while under appeal unless the appellate body orders otherwise or
unless otherwise determined in accordance with these Rules (see Rule
42.15). Before an appeal is commenced, any post-decision review
provided in these Anti-Doping Rules must be exhausted (except
where WADA has a right of appeal and no other party has appealed
a final decision under the applicable rules, in which case WADA may
appeal such decision directly to CAS without having to exhaust any
other remedies).
Appeals from Decisions regarding Anti-Doping Rule Violations or
Consequences
2. The following is a non-exhaustive list of decisions regarding antidoping rule violations and Consequences that may be appealed under
these Rules: a decision that an anti-doping rule violation was
committed; a decision imposing Consequences for an anti-doping
93
RULES 41, 42
3.
4.
rule violation; a decision that no anti-doping rule violation was

committed; a decision failing to impose Consequences for an antidoping rule violation in accordance with these Rules; a determination
by the Doping Review Board under Rule 38.21 that there are no
exceptional / special circumstances in an International-Level
Athletes case justifying an elimination or reduction of sanction; a
decision of a Member confirming the acceptance by an Athlete or
other Person of Consequences for an anti-doping rule violation; a
decision that an anti-doping rule violation proceeding cannot go
forward for procedural reasons (including, for example, prescription);
a decision under Rule 40.11 whether or not an Athlete or other Person
has violated the prohibition of participation during Ineligibility; a
decision that a Member lacks jurisdiction to rule on an alleged antidoping rule violation or its Consequences; a decision not to bring
forward an Adverse Analytical Finding or an Atypical Finding as an
anti-doping rule violation or a decision not to go forward with an antidoping rule violation after an investigation under Rule 37.10; the
decision of a single CAS arbitrator in a case referred to CAS in
accordance with Rule 38.9; any other decision regarding anti-doping
rule violations or Consequences that the IAAF considers to be
erroneous or procedurally unsound.
Appeals Involving International-Level Athletes: in cases involving
International-Level Athletes or their Athlete Support Personnel, the
first instance decision of the relevant body of the Member shall not
be subject to further review or appeal at national level and shall be
appealed only to CAS in accordance with the provisions set out
below.
Appeals which do not Involve International-Level Athletes: in cases
which do not involve International-Level Athletes or their Athlete
Support Personnel, the decision of the relevant body of the Member
may (unless Rule 42.8 applies) be appealed to an independent and
impartial body in accordance with rules established by the Member.
The rules for such appeal shall respect the following principles:
a timely hearing;
a fair, impartial and independent hearing panel;
the right to be represented by counsel at the Persons own
expense;
the right to have an interpreter at the hearing at the Persons own
expense; and
a timely, written, reasoned decision.
RULE 42
94
5.
6.
7.
The decision of the national level appeal body may be appealed in

Parties Entitled to Appeal: in any case involving an InternationalLevel Athlete or his Athlete Support Personnel, the following parties
shall have the right to appeal to CAS:
(a) the Athlete or other Person who is the subject of the decision
being appealed;
(b) the other party to the case in which the decision was rendered;
(c) the IAAF;
(d) the National Anti-Doping Organisation of the Athlete or other
Persons country of residence or where the Athlete or other
Person is a national or licence holder;
(e) the IOC (where the decision may have an effect in relation to
the Olympic Games, including a decision affecting eligibility for
the Olympic Games); and
(f) WADA.
In any case which does not involve an International-Level Athlete or
his Athlete Support Personnel, the following parties shall have the
right to appeal the decision to the national level appeal body:
(a) the Athlete or other Person who is the subject of the decision
being appealed;
(c) the Member;
(d) the National Anti-Doping Organisation of the Athlete or other
Persons country of residence or where the Athlete or other
Person is a national or licence holder; and
(e) WADA.
The IAAF shall not have the right to appeal a decision to the national
level appeal body but shall be entitled to attend any hearing before the
national level appeal body as an observer. The IAAFs attendance at
a hearing in such capacity shall not affect its right to appeal the
decision of the national level appeal body to CAS in accordance with
Rule 42.7.
his Athlete Support Personnel, the following parties shall have the
right to appeal the decision of the national level appeal body to CAS:
(a) the IAAF;
(b) the IOC (where the decision may have an effect on eligibility in
relation to the Olympic Games); and
(c) WADA.
95
RULE 42
8.
9.

his Athlete Support Personnel, the IAAF, the IOC (where the decision
may have an effect on eligibility in relation to the Olympic Games)
and WADA shall have the right to appeal a decision of the relevant
body of the Member direct to CAS in any of the following
circumstances:
(a) the Member does not have an appeal procedure in place at the
national level;
(b) there is no appeal made to the national level appeal body of the
Member by any of the parties in Rule 42.6;
(c) the Members rules so provide.
Any party filing an appeal under these Anti-Doping Rules shall be
entitled to assistance from CAS to obtain all relevant information
from the body whose decision is being appealed and the information
shall be provided if CAS so directs.
Appeals by WADA from a Failure to Render a Timely Decision

10. Where, in a particular case under these Anti-Doping Rules, the IAAF
or a Member fails to render a decision with respect to whether an
anti-doping rule violation was committed within a reasonable
deadline set by WADA, WADA may elect to appeal directly to CAS
as if the IAAF or Member had rendered a decision finding no antidoping rule violation. If the CAS Panel determines that an anti-doping
rule violation was committed and that WADA acted reasonably in
electing to appeal directly to CAS, then WADAs costs and legal fees
in prosecuting the appeal shall be reimbursed by the body (the IAAF
or the Member) that failed to render the decision.
Appeals from Decisions Granting or Denying a Therapeutic Use
Exemption
11. A decision by WADA reversing the grant or denial of a TUE may be
appealed exclusively to CAS either by the Athlete or by the IAAF or
Member (or its designated body pursuant to Rule 34.9) whose
decision was reversed. A decision other than by WADA denying a
TUE, which is not reversed by WADA, may be appealed by
International-Level Athletes exclusively to CAS and by other
Athletes to the national level appeal body described in Rule 42.4. If
the national level appeal body reverses the decision to deny a TUE,
that decision may be appealed by WADA to CAS. When the IAAF
or a Member (either itself or through its designated body pursuant to
Rule 34.9) fails to take action on a properly submitted TUE
application within a reasonable time, the failure to decide may be
RULE 42
96
considered as a denial for the purposes of the appeal rights provided

in this Rule.
Appeals from Decisions Sanctioning Members for Failing to Comply
with Anti-Doping Obligations
12. A decision by the Council pursuant to Rule 44 to sanction a Member
for failing to comply with its anti-doping obligations under these
Rules may be appealed by the Member exclusively to CAS.
Time Limits for Appeals to CAS
13. Unless stated otherwise in these Rules (or the Doping Review Board
determines otherwise in cases where the IAAF is the prospective
appellant), the appellant shall have forty-five (45) days in which to
file his statement of appeal with CAS starting from the date of
communication of the written reasons of the decision to be appealed
(in English or French where the IAAF is the prospective appellant) or
from the last day on which the decision could have been appealed to
the national level appeal body in accordance with Rule 42.8(b).
Within fifteen (15) days of the deadline for filing the statement of
appeal, the appellant shall file his appeal brief with CAS and, within
thirty (30) days of receipt of the appeal brief, the respondent shall file
his answer with CAS.
14. The filing deadline for an appeal to CAS filed by WADA shall be the
later of (a) twenty-one (21) days after the last day on which any party
entitled to appeal in the case could have appealed; or (b) twenty-one
(21) days after WADAs receipt of the complete file relating to the
decision.
IAAF Appeal of Decisions to CAS
15. The decision as to whether the IAAF should appeal to CAS, or
whether the IAAF should participate in a CAS appeal to which it is
not an original party (see Rule 42.19), shall be taken by the Doping
Review Board. The Doping Review Board shall, where applicable,
determine at the same time whether the Athlete concerned shall be resuspended pending the CAS decision.
Respondents to the CAS Appeal
16. As a general rule, the respondent to a CAS appeal shall be the party
which has taken the decision that is subject to appeal. Where the
Member has delegated the conduct of a hearing under these Rules to
another body, committee or tribunal in accordance with Rule 38.11,
the respondent to the CAS appeal against such decision shall be the
Member.
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RULE 42
17. Where the IAAF is appellant before CAS, it shall be entitled to join
as additional respondent(s) to the appeal such other parties as it deems
to be appropriate, including the Athlete, Athlete Support Personnel or
other Person or entity that may be affected by the decision.
18. Where the IAAF is one of two or more respondents to an appeal
before CAS, it shall seek to agree an arbitrator with the other
respondent(s). If there is a disagreement as to who the appointed
arbitrator should be, the IAAFs choice of arbitrator shall prevail.
19. In any case where the IAAF is not a party to a CAS appeal, it may
nevertheless decide to participate as a party in the appeal in which
event it shall have full party rights under CAS rules.
The CAS Appeal
20. All appeals before CAS (save as set out in Rule 42.21) shall take the
form of a re-hearing de novo of the issues on appeal and the CAS
Panel shall be able to substitute its decision for the decision of the
relevant tribunal of the Member or the IAAF where it considers the
decision of the relevant tribunal of the Member or the IAAF to be
erroneous or procedurally unsound. The CAS Panel may in any case
add to or increase the Consequences that were imposed in the
contested decision.
21. Where the appeal to CAS is against the Doping Review Boards
determination on exceptional / special circumstances, the hearing
before CAS on the question of exceptional / special circumstances
shall be limited to a review of the materials before the Doping Review
Board and to its determination. The CAS Panel will only interfere
with the determination of the Doping Review Board if it is satisfied:
(a) that no factual basis existed for the Doping Review Boards
determination; or
(b) the determination reached was significantly inconsistent with the
previous body of cases considered by the Doping Review Board,
which inconsistency cannot be justified by the facts of the case;
or
(c) that the determination reached by the Doping Review Board was
a determination that no reasonable review body could reach.
22. In all CAS appeals involving the IAAF, CAS and the CAS Panel shall
be bound by the IAAF Constitution, Rules and Regulations (including
the Anti-Doping Regulations). In the case of any conflict between
the CAS rules currently in force and the IAAF Constitution, Rules
and Regulations, the IAAF Constitution, Rules and Regulations shall
take precedence.
RULE 42
98
23. In all CAS appeals involving the IAAF, the governing law shall be
Monegasque law and the arbitrations shall be conducted in English,
unless the parties agree otherwise.
24. The CAS Panel may in appropriate cases award a party its costs, or a
contribution to its costs, incurred in the CAS appeal.
take all necessary action to ensure that it is effective.
RULE 43
Member Reporting Obligations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Every Member shall report to the IAAF promptly the names of

Athletes who have signed a written agreement to these Anti-Doping
Rules and Anti-Doping Regulations in order to be eligible to compete
in International Competitions (see Rule 30.3). A copy of the signed
agreement shall in each case be forwarded by the Member to the
IAAF Office.
Every Member shall report to the IAAF and WADA promptly any
TUEs that are granted in accordance with Rule 34.9(b).
Every Member shall report to the IAAF promptly, and in all
circumstances, within 14 days of notice to it, any Adverse Analytical
Finding obtained in the course of Testing carried out by that Member
or in that Members Country or Territory, together with the name of
the Athlete concerned and all documents relevant to the Adverse
Analytical Finding in question.
Every Member shall keep the IAAF Anti-Doping Administrator
updated at all times on the results management process to be
conducted under these Anti-Doping Rules (see Rule 37.2).
Every Member shall report, as part of its annual report to the IAAF
to be submitted within the first three months of each year (see Article
4.9 of the Constitution), all Testing conducted by that Member or
conducted in that Members Country or Territory in the previous year
(other than by the IAAF). This report shall be sorted by Athlete,
identifying when the Athlete was tested, the entity conducting the
Testing and whether the Testing was In-Competition or Out-ofCompetition. The IAAF may choose periodically to publish such data
as is received from its Members under this Rule.
The IAAF shall report to WADA every second year on the IAAFs
compliance with the Code, including the compliance of its Members.
99
RULES 42 ,43
RULE 44
Sanctions against Members
1.
2.
The Council shall have authority to take sanctions against any

Member which is in breach of its obligations under these Anti-Doping
Rules, in accordance with Article 14.7 of the Constitution.
The following examples will be considered to be a breach of a
Members obligations under these Anti-Doping Rules:
(a) a failure to incorporate these Anti-Doping Rules and the AntiDoping Regulations into its rules or regulations in accordance
with Rule 30.2;
(b) a failure to guarantee an Athletes eligibility to compete in
International Competitions by requiring the Athlete sign an
agreement to these Anti-Doping Rules and Regulations and
forwarding a copy of the signed agreement to the IAAF Office
(see Rule 30.3).
(c) a failure to comply with a decision of Council pursuant to Rule
30.6;
(d) a failure to hold a hearing for an Athlete within three months of
being requested to do so (see Rule 38.9);
(e) a failure to make diligent efforts to assist the IAAF in the
collection of whereabouts information should the IAAF make
such a request for assistance (see Rule 35.17) and/or a failure to
verify that the whereabouts information collected on behalf of its
Athletes is current and accurate (see Rule 35.19);
(f) hindering, obstructing or otherwise Tampering with the conduct
of Out-of-Competition Testing by the IAAF, another Member,
WADA or any other body with Testing authority (see Rule
35.13);
(g) a failure to report to the IAAF and WADA the grant of any TUE
under Rule 34.9(b) (see Rule 43.2);
(h) a failure to report to the IAAF an Adverse Analytical Finding
obtained in the course of a Doping Control carried out by that
Member, or in that Members Country or Territory, within 14
days of notice of such a finding to the Member, together with
the name of the Athlete concerned and all documents relevant to
the Adverse Analytical Finding in question (see Rule 43.3);
(i) a failure to follow the correct disciplinary procedures set out in
these Anti-Doping Rules, including a failure to refer cases
involving International-Level Athletes on the issue of
exceptional / special circumstances to the Doping Review Board
(see Rule 38.19);
RULE 44
100
3.
4.
(j) a failure to keep the IAAF Anti-Doping Administrator updated

at all times on the results management process under these Rules
(see Rule 37.2);
(k) a failure to sanction an Athlete for an anti-doping rule violation
in accordance with the sanctions set out in these Anti-Doping
Rules;
(l) a refusal or failure to conduct an investigation at the request of
the IAAF into a possible violation of these Anti-Doping Rules or
to provide a written report on such investigation within the time
stipulated by the IAAF (see Rule 37.12);
(m) a failure to report to the IAAF as part of its annual report to be
submitted within the first three months of the year, a list of all
Doping Controls conducted by that Member or in that Members
Country or Territory in the previous year (see Rule 43.5).
If a Member is deemed to be in breach of its obligations under these
Anti-Doping Rules, the Council shall have authority to act in one or
more of the following ways:
(a) to suspend the Member until the next meeting of the Congress or
for any shorter period;
(b) to caution or censure the Member;
(c) to issue fines;
(d) to withhold grants or subsidies from the Member;
(e) to exclude the Members Athletes from any one or more
International Competition;
(f) to remove or deny accreditation to the officers or other
representatives of the Member; and
(g) to issue any other sanction as it may deem to be appropriate.
The Council may determine from time to time a schedule of sanctions
to be imposed on Members for a breach of the obligations in Rule
44.2. Any such schedule, or change to such schedule, shall be notified
to the Members and published on the IAAF website.
In any case where the Council has issued a sanction against a Member
for a breach of its obligations under these Anti-Doping Rules, such a
decision shall be published on the IAAF website and reported to the
next Congress.
RULE 45
Recognition
1.
Any final decision taken in accordance with these Anti-Doping Rules

shall be recognised by the IAAF and its Members which shall take all
necessary action to render such decisions effective.
101
RULES 44, 45
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Subject to the right of appeal provided in Rule 42, Testing and TUEs
in the sport of Athletics of any Signatory which are consistent with
the Anti-Doping Rules and Regulations and are within the
Signatorys authority, shall be recognised and respected by the IAAF
and its Members.
The Council may, on behalf of all Members, recognise Testing in the
sport of Athletics by a body that is not a Signatory under rules and
procedures different from those in the Anti-Doping Rules and
Regulations, if it is satisfied that the Testing was properly carried out
and that the rules of the body conducting the Testing are otherwise
consistent with the Anti-Doping Rules and Regulations.
The Council may delegate its responsibility for the recognition of
Testing under Rule 45.3 to the Doping Review Board or to such other
person or body as it may deem to be appropriate.
If the Council (or its appointee under Rule 45.4) decides that Testing
carried out by a body in the sport of Athletics that is not a Signatory
is to be recognised, then the Athlete shall be deemed to have breached
the relevant IAAF Rule and will be subject to the same disciplinary
procedures and sanctions as for a corresponding violation of these
Anti-Doping Rules. All Members shall take all necessary action to
ensure that any decision regarding an anti-doping rule violation in
such a case is effective.
Testing, TUEs and hearing results and other final adjudications of
any Signatory in a sport other than Athletics, which are consistent
with the Anti-Doping Rules and Regulations and are within that
Signatorys authority, shall be recognised and respected by the IAAF
and its Member Federations.
The IAAF and its Member Federations shall recognise the same
actions in Rule 45.6 of bodies which have not accepted the Code in
a sport other than Athletics if the rules of those bodies are otherwise
consistent with the Anti-Doping Rules and Regulations.
RULE 46
Statute of Limitations
No action may be commenced against an Athlete or other Person for a

violation of an anti-doping rule contained in these Anti-Doping Rules
unless such action is commenced within eight (8) years from the date on
which the anti-doping rule violation occurred.
RULES 45, 46
102
RULE 47
Interpretation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Anti-Doping rules are, by their nature, competition rules governing

the conditions under which the sport of Athletics is to be held. They
are not intended to be subjected to or limited by the requirements and
legal standards applicable to criminal proceedings or employment
matters. The policies and standards set out in the Code as a basis for
the fight against doping in sport, and as accepted by the IAAF in these
Anti-Doping Rules, represent a broad consensus of those with an
interest in fair sport and should be respected by all courts and
adjudicating bodies.
These Anti-Doping Rules shall be interpreted as an independent and
autonomous text and not by reference to the existing law or statutes
of the Signatories or Governments.
The headings and sub-headings used in these Anti-Doping Rules are
for convenience only and shall not be deemed to be part of the
substance of these Anti-Doping Rules or to affect in any way the
language of the provisions to which they refer.
The Definitions in this Chapter 3 shall be considered an integral part
of these Anti-Doping Rules.
In case of conflict between these Anti-Doping Rules and the Code,
these Anti-Doping Rules shall prevail.
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RULE 47
SECTION II MEDICAL RULES

RULE 48
IAAF Medical Organisation
1.
The IAAF shall principally act under these Medical Rules by the
following person(s) or bodies:
(a) the Medical and Anti-Doping Commission; and
(b) the Medical Manager.
The Medical and Anti-Doping Commission

2. The Medical and Anti-Doping Commission is appointed as a
Commission of the Council under Article 6.11(j) of the Constitution
to provide the IAAF with general advice on all medical matters.
3. The Medical and Anti-Doping Commission shall meet at least once
a year, normally near the beginning of each calendar year, in order to
review the IAAFs medical activities in the preceding 12 months and
to establish its programme for the year ahead. The Medical and AntiDoping Commission shall consult on medical matters on a regular
basis throughout the course of the year, as the need may arise.
4. The Medical and Anti-Doping Commission shall have responsibility
for the following further specific tasks under these Medical Rules:
(a) to establish policies or issue statements on medical matters in
Athletics;
(b) to publish general information for practitioners on sports
medicine issues as applied to Athletics;
(c) to advise the Council where necessary on any Regulations
related to medical issues arising in Athletics;
(d) to organise and/or participate in seminars on sports medicine
issues;
(e) to issue recommendations and guidelines on the organisation of
medical services at International Competitions;
(f) to publish educational materials relating to medical care in
Athletics with the view to raising the general level of awareness
on sports medicine issues amongst Athletes and Athlete Support
Personnel;
(g) to address any specific sports medicine issues which may arise
in Athletics and to make recommendations on these issues
accordingly; and
(h) to liaise with the IOC and other relevant organisations involved
in sports medicine as appropriate.
RULE 48
104
5.
The Chairperson of the Medical and Anti-Doping Commission may

delegate such of these specific tasks to working groups as he
considers appropriate. In doing so, he may also call upon external
experts to provide further specialist medical advice as may be
required.
The Medical Manager

6. The Medical Manager shall be a medically qualified person within
the Medical and Anti-Doping Department who shall be responsible
for:
(a) co-ordinating the various tasks conferred upon the Medical and
Anti-Doping Commission (or delegated to working groups)
under these Medical Rules;
(b) monitoring the implementation of any policies, statements,
recommendations or guidelines that have been issued by the
Medical and Anti-Doping Commission;
(c) managing the administration of TUEs in accordance with the
Anti-Doping Regulations;
(d) taking any decisions on athlete eligibility as may be required
under the Regulations; and
(e) generally dealing with any matters of a medical nature that arise
during the course of the IAAFs activities.
7. The Medical Manager may at any time in the course of his work seek
an advisory opinion from the Chairperson of the Medical and AntiDoping Commission or from such other person as he considers
appropriate. He shall report to the Medical and Anti-Doping
Commission at least once a year and, more regularly, if called upon
to do so.
8. Medical information processed by the Medical and Anti-Doping
Department in the course of its activities under these Medical Rules
shall be treated under strict confidentiality and in accordance with
applicable data privacy laws.
RULE 49
Athletes
1.
2.
Athletes are responsible for their own physical health and for their
own medical supervision.
By entering into an International Competition, an Athlete specifically
releases the IAAF (and its respective Members, directors, officers,
employees, volunteers, contractors or agents) from any liability to the
105
RULES 48, 49
extent permitted by law for any loss, injury or damage that he may
suffer in relation to or as a result of his participation in the
International Competition.
RULE 50
Member Federations
1.
2.
3.
Notwithstanding the provisions of Rule 49, Member shall use best

efforts to ensure that all Athletes under their jurisdiction competing
in International Competitions are in a state of physical health that is
compatible with elite level competition in Athletics.
Every Member shall use best efforts to ensure that appropriate and
continuous medical monitoring of its Athletes is undertaken either
internally or through an approved external body. It is further
recommended that Members organise for a Pre-Participation Medical
Examination (PPME) to be carried out in the form recommended by
the IAAF Medical Guidelines on each Athlete that it enters for an
International Competition under Rules 1.1(a) and 1.1(f).
Every Member shall appoint at least one team doctor to provide its
Athletes with the necessary medical care in the lead up to and,
wherever possible, during International Competitions under Rules
1.1(a) and 1.1(f).
RULE 51
Medical / Safety Services at International Competitions
1.
2.
3.
Organising Committees shall be responsible for providing adequate

medical services and for taking appropriate safety/security measures
during International Competitions. The required medical and
safety/security services may vary according to following factors: the
size and nature of the competition, the category and number of
Athletes participating, the number of support staff and spectators, the
health standards of the country where the competition takes place and
the prevailing environmental conditions (e.g. climate, altitude).
The Medical and Anti-Doping Commission shall issue and keep
updated practical guidelines to assist Organising Committees in
providing adequate medical services and taking appropriate safety
measures at International Competitions.
Specific medical and safety requirements may be required under these
Medical Rules for certain categories of event (e.g. Road Races, Race
Walking).
RULES 49, 50, 51
106
4.
5.
6.
The medical services and safety measures to be provided at an

International Competition shall include at a minimum:
(a) general health care for Athletes and accredited persons at the
main site of the competition and at the Athletes place(s) of
accommodation;
(b) first aid and emergency care for Athletes, staff, volunteers, media
and spectators at the main site of the competition;
(c) safety surveillance;
(d) co-ordination of emergency and evacuation plans; and
(e) co-ordination of any special medical services as appropriate.
A medical director shall be appointed by the Organising Committee
for each International Competition organised under Rule 1.1(a) to
prepare and co-ordinate the medical services and safety requirements
during the competition. The Medical Manager shall be the liaison
between the IAAF and the Organising Committee for all medical and
safety-related matters.
At International Competitions organised under Rule 1.1(a), a Medical
Delegate shall also be appointed by the IAAF who, in accordance
with Rule 113, shall ensure that adequate facilities for medical
examination, treatment and emergency care are available at the site
of the competition and that medical attention can be provided where
the Athletes are accommodated.
107
RULE 51
CHAPTER 4
DISPUTES
109
CHAPTER 4: DISPUTES
RULE 60
Disputes
General
1. Unless as otherwise stated in Rule 60.2 or in any other Rule or
Regulation, all disputes arising under these Rules shall be resolved in
accordance with the provisions set out below.
2. The following matters are excluded from the dispute provisions in
this Rule 60:
(a) any disputes arising out of decisions made under the AntiDoping Rules in Chapter 3, including, without limitation,
disputes arising out of a breach of the anti-doping rule violations.
These disputes shall be resolved in accordance with the
procedures set out in Rule 42;
(b) any breach of the Betting and other Anti-Corruption Violations
in Chapter 1 shall be resolved by the IAAF Ethics Commission
in accordance with Rule 9 and the Code of Ethics;
(c) any protests made prior to a competition concerning the status of
an athlete to participate in the competition. Pursuant to Rule
146.1, the decision of the Technical Delegate(s) in such cases
shall be subject to a right of appeal to the Jury of Appeal. The
decision of the Jury of Appeal (or of the Technical Delegate(s)
in the absence of a Jury of Appeal or if no appeal to the Jury is
made) shall be final and there shall be no further right of appeal,
including to CAS. If the matter cannot be resolved satisfactorily
before the competition and the athlete is allowed to compete
under protest, the matter shall be referred to the IAAF Council
whose decision shall be final and there shall be no further right
of appeal, including to CAS;
(d) any protests or other disputes arising out of the field of play,
including, without limitation, protests concerning the result or
conduct of an event. Pursuant to Rule 146.3, the decision of the
Referee in such cases shall be subject to a right of appeal to the
Jury of Appeal. The decision of the Jury of Appeal (or of the
Referee in the absence of a Jury of Appeal or if no appeal to the
Jury is made) shall be final and there shall be no further right of
appeal, including to CAS; and
111
RULE 60
(e) any disputes arising out of decisions made by the Ethics

Commission under the Code of Ethics. These disputes shall be
resolved in accordance with the provisions of the Procedural
Rules of the Ethics Commission.
Disputes Involving Athletes, Athlete Support Personnel and Other
Persons
3. Each Member and Area Association shall incorporate a provision in
its constitution that, unless otherwise stated in a specific Rule or
Regulation, all disputes arising under these Rules involving athletes,
athlete support personnel or other persons under its jurisdiction,
however arising, shall be submitted to a hearing before the relevant
hearing body constituted or otherwise authorised by the Member.
Such a hearing shall respect the following principles: a timely hearing
before a fair and impartial hearing body; the right of the individual to
be informed in a fair and timely manner of the charge against him; the
right to present evidence, including the right to call and question
witnesses; the right to be represented by legal counsel and an
interpreter (at the individuals expense); and the right to a timely and
reasoned decision in writing.
4. Any athlete, athlete support personnel or other person:
(a) who takes part in an athletics competition or event in which any
of the competitors were, to his knowledge, suspended from
participation or ineligible to compete under these Rules, or
which takes place in a Country or Territory of a suspended
Member. This does not apply to any athletics competition which
is restricted to the Masters age group (in accordance with Rule
141);
(b) who takes part in any athletics competition which is not
authorised in accordance with Rule 2 (Authorisation to Stage
Competitions);
(c) who contravenes Rule 4 (Requirements to Compete in
International Competitions) or any Regulations made
thereunder;
(d) who contravenes Rule 5 (Eligibility to Represent a Member) or
any Regulations made thereunder;
(e) who contravenes Rule 6 (Payments to Athletes) or any
Regulations made thereunder;
(f) who contravenes Rule 7 (Athletes Representatives) or any
Regulations made thereunder;
RULE 60
112
5.
(g) who contravenes Rule 8 (Advertising and Displays during

International Competitions) or any Regulations made
thereunder;
(h) who commits a breach of any other Rule (other than as set out in
Rule 60.2)
may be declared ineligible under this Rule 60.
In the event of an alleged breach of Rule 60.4, the following
procedures shall apply:
(a) The allegation shall be reduced to writing and forwarded to the
Member to which the athlete, athlete support personnel or other
person is affiliated (or has otherwise agreed to abide by its rules),
which shall proceed in a timely manner to hold an investigation
into the facts of the case.
(b) If, following such investigation, the Member believes that there
is evidence to support the allegation, the Member shall
immediately notify the athlete, athlete support personnel or other
person concerned of the charge to be brought and of his right to
a hearing before any decision is made. If, following such
investigation, the Member believes that there is insufficient
evidence to charge the athlete, athlete support personnel or other
person concerned, the Member shall immediately notify the
IAAF of the fact and provide written reasons for its decision not
to proceed.
(c) When it is asserted that a breach of Rule 60.4 has been
committed, the athlete, athlete support personnel or other person
concerned shall be required to provide a written explanation for
the alleged breach, in normal circumstances within a period of no
more than 7 days from the date of notification. If no explanation,
or no adequate explanation, for the alleged breach is received in
such time, the athlete, athlete support personnel or other person
concerned may be provisionally suspended by the relevant
Member pending resolution of the case and any such suspension
shall be notified immediately to the IAAF. If a Member fails to
impose a provisional suspension, the IAAF may impose a
provisional suspension in its place. A decision to impose a
provisional suspension shall not be subject to appeal but the
athlete, athlete support personnel or other person concerned shall
be entitled to a full expedited hearing before the relevant hearing
body of his Member in accordance with Rule 60.5(e).
(d) If, having being notified of a charge, the athlete, athlete support
personnel or other person fails to confirm in writing to the
113
RULE 60
6.
Member or other relevant body within 14 days of such notice

that he wishes to have a hearing, he will be deemed to have
waived his right to a hearing and to have accepted that he
committed a breach of the relevant provision of Rule 60.4.
(e) If the athlete, athlete support personnel or other person confirms
that he wishes to have a hearing, all relevant evidence shall be
given to the person alleged to have committed the breach and a
hearing respecting the principles set out in Rule 60.3 shall be
held within a period of no more than 2 months following
notification of the charge. The Member shall inform the IAAF as
soon as a hearing date is set and the IAAF shall have the right to
attend the hearing as an observer. The IAAFs attendance at the
hearing in such capacity, or other involvement in the case, shall
not affect its right to appeal the decision to CAS in accordance
with Rules 60.14 and 60.16-17.
(f) If the relevant hearing body of the Member, after hearing the
evidence, decides that the athlete, athlete support personnel or
other person concerned is in breach of the relevant Rule or
Regulation, it shall declare the person ineligible to compete in
international and domestic competitions for a period set out in
Guidelines produced by the Council or impose such other
sanction as may be appropriate in accordance with sanctions
approved by the Council. If the athlete, athlete support personnel
or other person has waived his right to a hearing, the Member
shall declare the person ineligible to compete in international
and domestic competitions for a period set out in Guidelines
produced by the Council or impose such other sanction as may
be appropriate in accordance with sanctions approved by the
Council. In the absence of such Guidelines or other sanctions
approved by the Council, the relevant hearing body or the
Member, as appropriate, shall determine the appropriate period
of the persons ineligibility or other sanction.
(g) The Member shall inform the IAAF in writing of the decision
taken within 5 working days of the decision being made (and
shall send the IAAF a copy of the written reasons for the
decision).
Where a Member delegates the conduct of a hearing to any body,
committee or tribunal (whether within or outside the Member), or
where for any other reason, any national body, committee or tribunal
outside of the Member is responsible for affording an athlete, athlete
support personnel or other person his hearing under these Rules, the
RULE 60
114
decision of that body, committee or tribunal shall be deemed, for the

purposes of this Rule 60, to be the decision of the Member and the
word Member in this Rule shall be so construed.
Disputes between a Member and the IAAF
7. Each Member shall incorporate a provision in its constitution that,
unless otherwise stated in a specific Rule or Regulation, all disputes
arising between a Member and the IAAF shall be referred to the
Council. The Council shall determine a procedure for the final
adjudication of the dispute depending on the circumstances of the
case in question.
8. In the event that the IAAF seeks to suspend a Member for a breach
of the Rules, the Member must have been sent prior notice in writing
of the grounds for the suspension and must have been given a
reasonable opportunity to be heard on the matter in accordance with
the procedures set out in Article 14.10 of the Constitution.
Disputes between Members
9. Each Member shall incorporate a provision in its constitution that all
disputes with another Member shall be referred to the Council. The
Council shall determine a procedure for the final adjudication of the
dispute depending on the circumstances of the case in question.
Appeals from Decisions under Rule 60.4
10. All decisions under Rule 60.4 may be appealed in accordance with the
provisions set out below. All such decisions shall remain in effect
while under appeal, unless determined otherwise (see Rule 60.22).
11. The following is a non-exhaustive list of examples of decisions that
may be appealed under Rule 60.4:
(a) Where a Member has taken a decision that an athlete, athlete
support personnel or other person has committed a breach of
Rule 60.4;
(b) Where a Member has taken a decision that an athlete, athlete
support personnel or other person has not committed a breach
of Rule 60.4;
(c) Where the Member has taken a decision that an athlete, athlete
support personnel or other person has committed a breach of a
breach of Rule 60.4 but has failed to impose a sanction in
accordance with Guidelines approved by the Council;
(d) Where the Member decides that there is insufficient evidence to
support a charge under Rule 60.4 (see Rule 60.5(b));
115
RULE 60
(e) Where the Member has held a hearing under Rule 60.5 and the
athlete, athlete support personnel or other person concerned
considers that, in the conduct or conclusions of such hearing, the
Member misdirected itself or otherwise reached an erroneous
conclusion;
(f) Where the Member has held a hearing under Rule 60.5 and the
IAAF considers that, in the conduct or conclusions of such
hearing, the Member misdirected itself or otherwise reached an
erroneous conclusion.
12. In cases involving International-Level athletes (or their athlete
support personnel), the decision of the relevant body of the Member
may be appealed exclusively to CAS in accordance with the
provisions set out in Rules 60.23-60.28.
13. In cases which do not involve International-Level athletes (or their
athlete support personnel), the decision of the relevant body of the
Member may (unless Rule 60.17 applies) be appealed to a national
level appeal body in accordance with the rules of the Member. Each
Member shall have in place an appeal procedure at national level that
respects the following principles: a timely hearing before a fair,
impartial and independent hearing body; the right to be represented
by a legal counsel and interpreter (at the appellants expense); and a
timely and reasoned decision in writing. The decision of the national
level appeal body may be appealed to CAS in accordance with Rule
60.16.
Parties Entitled to Appeal Decisions
14. In any case involving International-Level athletes (or their athlete
support personnel), the following parties shall have the right to appeal
a decision to CAS:
(a) the athlete or other person who is the subject of the decision
being appealed;
(c) the IAAF; and
(d) the IOC (where the decision may have an effect on eligibility in
relation to the Olympic Games).
15. In any case which does not involve International-Level athletes (or
their athlete support personnel), the parties having the right to appeal
a decision to the national level appeal body shall be as provided for
in the rules of the Member, but shall include at a minimum:
(a) the athlete or other person the subject of the decision being
appealed;
RULE 60
116
(c) the Member.

The IAAF shall not have the right to appeal a decision to the national
level appeal body but shall have the right to attend any hearing before
such body as an observer. The IAAFs attendance at a hearing in such
capacity shall not affect its right to appeal the decision of the national
level appeal body to CAS in accordance with Rule 60.16.
16. In any case which does not involve International-Level athletes (or
their athlete support personnel), the following parties shall have the
right to appeal the decision of the national level appeal body to CAS:
(a) the IAAF; and
(b) the IOC (where the decision may have an effect on eligibility in
relation to the Olympic Games).
17. In any case which does not involve an International-Level Athlete or
his athlete support personnel, the IAAF and the IOC (where the
decision may have an effect on eligibility in relation to the Olympic
Games) shall have the right to appeal a decision of the relevant body
of the Member direct to CAS in any of the following circumstances:
(a) the Member does not have an appeal procedure in place at the
national level;
(b) there is no appeal made to the national level appeal body of the
Member by any of the parties in Rule 60.15;
(c) the Members rules so provide.
18. Any party filing an appeal under these Rules shall be entitled to
assistance from CAS to obtain all relevant information from the body
whose decision is being appealed and the information shall be
provided if CAS so directs.
Respondents to the CAS Appeal
19. As a general rule, the respondent to a CAS appeal under these Rules
shall be the party which has taken the decision which is the subject
of the appeal. Where the Member has delegated the conduct of the
hearing under these Rules to another body, committee or tribunal in
accordance with Rule 60.6, the respondent to the appeal against such
decision shall be the Member.
20. Where the IAAF is appellant in any appeal before CAS, it shall be
entitled to join as additional respondent(s) to the appeal such other
parties as it deems to be appropriate, including the athlete, athlete
support personnel or other person who may be affected by the
decision.
21. In any case where the IAAF is not a party to the appeal before CAS,
it may nevertheless choose to participate as a full party in the appeal
if it considers it appropriate to do so. Where the IAAF so chooses to
117
RULE 60
participate, and the IAAFs status in the appeal is that of joint

respondent, the IAAF shall have the right to jointly appoint an
arbitrator with the respondent to the appeal. If there is any
disagreement as to who the appointed arbitrator should be, the
IAAFs choice of arbitrator shall prevail.
IAAF Appeal of Decisions to CAS
22. The decision by the IAAF as to whether a case should be appealed to
CAS (or whether the IAAF should participate as a party in an appeal
to CAS pursuant to Rule 60.21) shall be taken by the Council or its
appointee. The Council (or its appointee) shall, where applicable,
determine at the same time whether the athlete concerned shall be
suspended pending the CAS decision.
The CAS Appeal
23. Unless the Council determines otherwise, the appellant shall have
thirty (30) days in which to file his statement of appeal with CAS
starting from the date of communication of the written reasons of the
decision to be appealed (in English or French where the IAAF is the
prospective appellant) or from the last day on which the decision
could have been appealed to the national level appeal body in
accordance with Rule 60.15. Where the appellant is not the IAAF, at
the same time as filing his statement of appeal with CAS, the
appellant shall send a copy of the statement of appeal to the IAAF.
Within fifteen (15) days of the deadline for filing the statement of
appeal, the appellant shall file his appeal brief with CAS and, within
thirty (30) days of receipt of the appeal brief, the respondent shall file
his answer with CAS.
24. All appeals before CAS shall take the form of a re-hearing de novo
of the issues raised by the case and the CAS Panel shall be able to
substitute its decision for the decision of the relevant tribunal of the
Member where it considers the decision of the relevant tribunal of
the Member to be erroneous or procedurally unsound. The CAS Panel
may in any case add to or increase the sanction that was imposed in
the contested decision.
25. In all CAS appeals involving the IAAF, CAS and the CAS Panel shall
be bound by the IAAF Constitution, Rules and Regulations. In the
case of any conflict between the CAS rules currently in force and the
IAAF Constitution, Rules and Regulations, the IAAF Constitution,
Rules and Regulations shall take precedence.
RULE 60
118
26. In all CAS appeals involving the IAAF, the governing law shall be
Monegasque law and the arbitrations shall be conducted in English,
unless the parties agree otherwise.
27. The CAS Panel may in appropriate cases award a party its costs, or a
contribution to its costs, incurred in the CAS appeal.
take all necessary action to ensure that it is effective. The fact of the
referral to CAS and the CAS decision shall bet set out in the next
notice to be sent by the General Secretary to all Members.
119
RULE 60
CHAPTER 5
TECHNICAL RULES
121
CHAPTER 5: TECHNICAL RULES

RULE 100
General
All International Competitions, as defined in Rule 1.1, shall be held under
the Rules of the IAAF and this shall be stated in all announcements,
advertisements, programmes and printed material.
In all competitions, except the World Championships (Outdoor and
Indoor) and Olympic Games, events may be held in a different format
from that provided under the IAAF Technical Rules, but rules giving more
rights to the athletes, than they would have obtained applying the actual
Rules, may not be applied. These formats shall be decided or authorised
by the respective bodies having the control over the competition.
Note: It is recommended that Members adopt the Rules of the IAAF for the
conduct of their own athletics competitions.
SECTION I - OFFICIALS
RULE 110
International Officials
At competitions organised under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c) and (f), the
following officials should be appointed internationally:
(a) Organisational Delegate(s)
(b) Technical Delegate(s)
(c) Medical Delegate
(d) Doping Control Delegate
(e) International Technical Officials / International Cross Country,
Road Running and Mountain Running Officials
(f) International Race Walking Judges
(g) International Road Course Measurer
(h) International Starter
(i) International Photo Finish Judge
(j) Jury of Appeal
The number of officials appointed in each category, how, when and by
whom they shall be appointed, shall be indicated in the current IAAF (or
Area Association) Technical Regulations.
For competitions organised under Rules 1.1(a) and (e), the IAAF may
appoint an Advertising Commissioner. For competitions under Rules
123
RULES 100, 110
1.1(c), (f) and (j), any such appointments will be made by the relevant
Area Association, for competitions under Rule 1.1(b) by the relevant body,
and for competitions under Rules 1.1(d), (h) and (i), by the relevant IAAF
Member.
Note (i): The International Officials should wear distinctive attire or
insignia.
Note (ii): The international officials in (e) to (i) above may be classified
as IAAF Level and Area Level according to the applicable IAAF Policy.
The travelling and accommodation expenses of each individual appointed
by the IAAF or an Area Association under this Rule or under Rule 3.2
shall be paid to the individual by the organisers of the competition
according to the relevant Regulations.
RULE 111
Organisational Delegates
The Organisational Delegates shall maintain close liaison with the
Organising Committee at all times and report regularly to the IAAF
Council, and they shall deal as necessary with matters concerning the
duties and financial responsibilities of the Organising Member and the
Organising Committee. They shall cooperate with the Technical
Delegate(s).
RULE 112
Technical Delegates
The Technical Delegates, in conjunction with the Organising Committee,
which shall afford them all necessary help, are responsible for ensuring
that all technical arrangements are in complete conformity with the IAAF
Technical Rules and the IAAF Track and Field Facilities Manual.
The Technical Delegates shall submit written reports as appropriate on
the preparations for the competition and shall cooperate with the
Organisational Delegate(s).
In addition, the Technical Delegates shall:
(a) submit to the appropriate body proposals for the timetable of
events and the entry standards.
(b) determine the list of implements to be used and whether athletes
may use their own implements or those provided by a supplier.
(c) ensure that the Technical Regulations are issued to all competing
Members in good time before the competition.
(d) be responsible for all other technical preparations necessary for
the holding of the athletics events.
RULES 110, 111, 112
124
(e) control the entries and have the right to reject them for technical
reasons or in accordance with the Rule 146.1. (Rejection for
reasons other than technical must result from a ruling of the
IAAF or appropriate Area Council.)
(f) determine the qualifying standards for the Field Events, and the
basis on which preliminary rounds shall be arranged for Track
Events.
(g) arrange preliminary rounds and the groups for the Combined
Events competitions.
(h) in competitions under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c) and (f), chair the
Technical Meeting and brief the Technical Officials.
RULE 113
Medical Delegate
The Medical Delegate shall have ultimate authority on all medical matters.
He shall ensure that adequate facilities for medical examination, treatment
and emergency care will be available at the site of the competition and
that medical attention can be provided where athletes are accommodated.
RULE 114
Doping Control Delegate
The Doping Control Delegate shall liaise with the Organising Committee
to ensure that suitable facilities are provided for the conduct of doping
control. He shall be responsible for all matters relating to doping control.
RULE 115
International Technical Officials (ITOs) and International CrossCountry, Road Running and Mountain Running Officials (ICROs)
1.
Where ITOs are appointed, the Technical Delegates shall appoint the
Chief ITO among the appointed ITOs, if one was not appointed
previously by the relevant body. Whenever possible, the Chief ITO
shall assign at least one ITO for every event on the programme. The
ITO shall provide all necessary support to the Referee of the event.
The ITOs must be present at all times when an event to which they
have been assigned is in progress. They should ensure that the
conduct of the competition is in full conformity with the IAAF
Technical Rules, Technical Regulations and relevant decisions made
by the Technical Delegates.
If a problem arises or if they observe any matter which, in their
opinion requires comment, they should, in the first instance, bring it
125
RULES 112, 113, 114, 115
2.
to the attention of the Referee of the event and if necessary, offer

advice as to what should be done. If the advice is not accepted and if
there is a clear infringement of the IAAF Technical Rules, Technical
Regulations or decisions made by the Technical Delegates, the ITO
shall decide. If the matter is still not resolved it shall be referred to the
IAAF Technical Delegate(s).
At the conclusion of Field Events, they shall also sign the result cards.
Note: In the absence of the Referee, the ITO shall work with the
relevant Chief Judge.
In Cross-Country, Road Running and Mountain Running
competitions, the appointed ICROs shall provide all necessary
support to the competition organisers. They must be present at all
times when an event to which they have been assigned is in progress.
They should ensure that the conduct of the competition is in full
conformity with IAAF Technical Rules, Technical Regulations and
relevant decisions made by the Technical Delegates.
RULE 116
International Race Walking Judges (IRWJs)
Race Walking Judges appointed for all Rule 1.1(a) International

Competitions must be IAAF Level International Race Walking Judges.
Note: Race Walking Judges appointed for competitions under Rule 1.1(b),
(c), (e), (f), (g) and (j) shall be either IAAF Level or Area Level
International Race Walking Judges.
RULE 117
International Road Course Measurer
At competitions organised under Rule 1.1, an International Road Course
Measurer shall be appointed to verify the courses where road events are
held entirely or partially outside the stadium.
The appointed course measurer shall be member of the IAAF/AIMS Panel
of International Road Course Measurers (Grade A or B).
The course should be measured in good time before the competition.
The measurer will check and certify the course if he finds it conforms to
the Rules for Road Races (See Rule 240.3 and respective Notes).
He shall cooperate with the Organising Committee in the course
arrangements and witness the conduct of the race to ensure that the course
run by athletes follows the same course that was measured and approved.
He shall furnish an appropriate certificate to the Technical Delegate(s).
RULES 115, 116, 117
126
RULE 118
International Starter and International Photo Finish Judge
At all competitions under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c) and (f) held in the stadium,
an International Starter and an International Photo Finish Judge shall be
appointed respectively by IAAF or the relevant Area Association. The
International Starter shall start the races (and undertake any other duties)
assigned to him by the Technical Delegate(s). The International Photo
Finish Judge shall supervise all Photo Finish functions.
RULE 119
Jury of Appeal
At all competitions organised under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c) and (f) a Jury of
Appeal, which should normally consist of three, five or seven persons
shall be appointed. One of its members shall be the Chairman and another
the Secretary. If and when considered as appropriate, the Secretary may be
a person not included in the Jury.
In instances where there is an appeal relating to Rule 230, at least one
member of the Jury shall be an IAAF (or Area) Level International Race
Walking Judge.
Members of the Jury of Appeal shall not be present during any
deliberations of the Jury concerning any Appeal that affects, directly or
indirectly, an athlete affiliated to his own Member Federation. The chair
of the Jury shall ask any member implicated by this Rule to withdraw, in
the event the Jury member has not already done so. The IAAF or other
organisation responsible for the competition shall appoint one or more
alternate Jury members to substitute for any Jury member(s) who are not
able to participate in an Appeal.
Furthermore, a Jury should likewise be appointed at other competitions
where the organisers deem it desirable or necessary in the interest of the
proper conduct of the competitions.
The primary functions of the Jury shall be to deal with all appeals under
Rule 146, and with any matters arising during the course of the
competition which are referred to it for decision.
RULE 120
Officials of the Competition
The Organising Committee of a competition shall appoint all officials,
subject to the Rules of the Member in whose Country the competition is
held and, in the case of competitions under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c) and (f),
127
RULES 118, 119, 120
subject to the Rules and procedures of the appropriate international

organisation.
The following list comprises the officials considered necessary for major
International Competitions. The Organising Committee may, however,
vary this according to local circumstances.
MANAGEMENT OFFICIALS
One Competition Director
One Meeting Manager
One Technical Manager
One Event Presentation Manager
COMPETITION OFFICIALS
One (or more) Referee(s) for the Call Room
One (or more) Referee(s) for Track Events
One (or more) Referee(s) for Field Events
One (or more) Referee(s) for Combined Events
One (or more) Referee(s) for events outside the stadium
One Chief Judge and an adequate number of Judges for Track
Events
One Chief Judge and an adequate number of Judges for each
Field Event
One Chief Judge, an adequate number of assistants and five
Judges for each Track Race Walking Event
One Chief Judge, an adequate number of assistants and eight
Judges for each Road Race Walking Event
Other Race Walking Competition officials, as necessary,
including Recorders, Posting Board operators, etc.
One Chief Umpire and an adequate number of Umpires
One Chief Timekeeper and an adequate number of Timekeepers
One Chief Photo Finish Judge and an adequate number of
assistants
One Chief Transponder Timing Judge and an adequate number
of assistants
One Start Coordinator and an adequate number of Starters and
Recallers
One (or more) Starters Assistants
One Chief and an adequate number of Lap Scorers
One Competition Secretary and an adequate number of assistants
One Technical Information Centre (TIC) Manager and an
adequate number of assistants
One Chief and an adequate number of Marshals
One (or more) Wind Gauge Operators
RULE 120
128
One (or more) Measurement Judges (Scientific)

One Chief and an adequate number of Call Room Judges
ADDITIONAL OFFICIALS
One (or more) Announcers
One (or more) Statisticians
One Advertising Commissioner
One Official Surveyor
One (or more) Doctors
Stewards for Athletes, Officials and Media
Referees and Chief Judges should wear a distinctive attire or insignia.
If deemed necessary, assistants may be appointed. Care should however
be taken to keep the arena as free from officials as possible.
Where womens events are held, a woman doctor shall be appointed when
possible.
RULE 121
Competition Director
The Competition Director shall plan the technical organisation of a
competition in cooperation with the Technical Delegate(s), where
applicable, ensure that this plan is accomplished and resolve any technical
problems together with the Technical Delegate(s).
He shall direct the interaction between the participants in the competition
and, through the communication system, shall be in contact with all key
officials.
RULE 122
Meeting Manager
The Meeting Manager shall be responsible for the correct conduct of the
Competition. He shall check that all officials have reported for duty,
appoint substitutes when necessary and have authority to remove from
duty any official who is not abiding by the Rules. In cooperation with the
appointed Marshal, he shall arrange that only authorised persons are
allowed in the centre of the arena.
Note: For competitions of longer than four hours or over more than one
day, it is recommended that the Meeting Manager has an adequate
number of Assistant Meeting Managers.
129
RULES 120, 121, 122
RULE 123
Technical Manager
The Technical Manager shall be responsible for:
(a) ensuring that the track, runways, circles, arcs, sectors, landing
areas for Field Events and all equipment and implements are in
accordance with the Rules.
(b) the placement and removal of equipment and implements
according to the technical organisational plan for the competition
as approved by the Technical Delegates.
(c) ensuring the technical presentation of the competition areas is
in accordance with such plan.
(d) checking and marking any personal implements permitted for
the competition according to Rule 187.2.
(e) ensuring that he has received the necessary certification under
Rule 135 before the competition.
RULE 124
Event Presentation Manager
The Event Presentation Manager shall plan, in conjunction with the
Competition Director, the event presentation arrangements for a
competition, in cooperation with the Organisational and Technical
Delegate(s), as and where applicable. He shall ensure that the plan is
accomplished, resolving any relevant problems together with the
Competition Director and the relevant Delegate(s). He shall also direct
the interaction between the members of the event presentation team, using
the communication system to be in contact with each of them.
RULE 125
Referees
1.
2.
One (or more) Referee(s), as appropriate, shall be appointed for the

Call Room, for Track Events, for Field Events, for Combined Events
and for Running and Race Walking Events outside the stadium.
The Referees for Track Events and for events outside the stadium
shall have no jurisdiction over matters within the responsibilities of
the Chief Judge of Race Walking events.
Referees shall ensure that the Rules (and applicable Technical
Regulations) are observed and shall decide upon any matters which
arise during the competition (including in the Warm-up Area, Call
Room and, after the competition, up to and including the Victory
RULES 123, 124, 125
130
3.
4.
5.
6.
Ceremony) and for which provision has not been made in these Rules
(or any applicable Technical Regulations).
In case of a disciplinary matter, the Call Room Referee has authority
starting from the Warm-up Area up to the competition site. In all
other instances, the Referee applicable to the event in which the
athlete is or was competing, shall have authority.
The respective Referees for Track Events and for events outside the
stadium shall have jurisdiction to decide placings in a race only when
the Judges of the disputed place(s) are unable to arrive at a decision.
The relevant Track Referee has the power to decide on any facts
related to the starts if he does not agree with the decisions made by
the start team except in the cases when it regards a false start detected
by an IAAF approved false start control apparatus, unless for any
reason the Referee determines that the information provided by the
apparatus is obviously inaccurate. A Track Referee appointed to
oversee the starts is designated the Start Referee.
The Referee shall not act as a Judge or Umpire but may take any
action or decision according to the Rules based on his own
observations.
The appropriate Referee shall check all final results, shall deal with
any disputed points and, in conjunction with the Measurement Judge
(Scientific) where appointed, shall supervise the measurements of
Record performances. At the conclusion of each event, the result card
shall be completed immediately, signed by the appropriate Referee
and conveyed to the Competition Secretary.
The appropriate Referee shall rule on any protest or objection
regarding the conduct of the competition, including any matter arising
in the Call Room.
He shall have authority to warn or exclude from competition, any
athlete guilty of acting in an unsporting or improper manner.
Warnings may be indicated to the athlete by showing a yellow card,
exclusion by showing a red card. Warnings and exclusions shall be
entered on the result card and communicated to the Competition
Secretary and to the other Referees.
The Referee may reconsider a decision (whether made in the first
instance or in considering a protest) on the basis of any available
evidence, provided the new decision is still applicable. Normally,
such re-consideration may be undertaken only prior to the Victory
Ceremony for the relevant event or any applicable decision by the
Jury of Appeal.
131
RULE 125
7.
If, in the opinion of the appropriate Referee, circumstances arise at

any competition such that justice demands that any event or any part
of an event should be contested again, he shall have authority to
declare the event or any part of an event void and that it shall be held
again, either on the same day or on some future occasion, as he shall
decide.
8. The Combined Events Referee shall have jurisdiction over the
conduct of the Combined Events competition. He shall also have
jurisdiction over the conduct of the respective individual events
within the Combined Events competition.
9. The Road Race Referee shall, wherever practicable (e.g. under Rules
144 or 240.8), give a warning prior to disqualification. If contested,
Rule 146 will apply.
10. Where an athlete with a physical disability is competing in a
competition under these Rules, the appropriate Referee may interpret,
or allow a variation from, any relevant Rule (other than Rule 144.3)
to enable the participation of the athlete provided that such variation
does not provide the athlete with any advantage over another athlete
competing in the same event. In the case of any doubt or if the
decision is disputed, the matter shall be referred to the Jury of Appeal.
Note: This Rule is not intended to permit the participation of guide
runners for visually impaired athletes, unless allowed by the
regulations of a particular competition.
RULE 126
Judges
General
1. The Chief Judge for Track Events and the Chief Judge for each Field
Event shall co-ordinate the work of the judges in their respective
events. When the relevant body has not already allocated the duties
of the Judges, they shall allocate the duties.
Track Events and Road Events
2. The Judges, who must all operate from the same side of the track or
course, shall decide the order in which the athletes have finished and,
in any case where they cannot arrive at a decision, shall refer the
matter to the Referee, who shall decide.
Note: The Judges should be placed at least 5m from, and in line with,
the finish and should be provided with an elevated platform.
RULES 125, 126
132
Field Events
3. The Judges shall judge and record each trial and measure each valid
trial of athletes in all Field Events. In the High Jump and Pole Vault,
precise measurements should be made when the bar is raised,
particularly if Records are being attempted. At least two Judges
should keep a record of all trials, checking their recordings at the end
of each round of trials.
The appropriate Judge shall indicate the validity or non-validity of a
trial by raising a white or red flag, as appropriate.
RULE 127
Umpires (Running and Race Walking Events)
1.
Umpires are assistants to the Referee, without authority to make final

decisions.
2. The Umpires shall be placed by the Referee in such a position that
they may observe the competition closely and, in the case of a failure
or violation of the Rules (other than Rule 230.1) by an athlete or other
person, make an immediate written report of the incident to the
Referee.
3. Any such breach of the Rules should be communicated to the relevant
Referee by the raising of a yellow flag or any other reliable means
approved by the Technical Delegate(s).
4. A sufficient number of Umpires shall also be appointed to supervise
the takeover zones in Relay Races.
Note (i): When an Umpire observes that an athlete has run in a different
lane from his own, or that a relay takeover has taken place outside the
takeover zone, he should immediately mark on the track with suitable
material the place where the infringement took place.
Note (ii): The Umpire(s) shall report to the Referee any breach of the
Rules, even if the athlete (or team, for Relay Races) does not finish the
race.
RULE 128
Timekeepers, Photo Finish Judges and Transponder Timing Judges
1.
In the case of hand timing, a sufficient number of timekeepers for the

number of athletes entered shall be appointed. One of them shall be
designated the Chief Timekeeper. He shall allocate duties to the
Timekeepers. These Timekeepers shall act as back-up Timekeepers
when Fully Automatic Photo Finish or Transponder Timing Systems
are in use.
133
RULES 126, 127, 128
2.
3.
4.
Timekeepers, Photo Finish and Transponder Timing Judges shall act

in accordance with Rule 165.
When a Fully Automatic Photo Finish System is used, a Chief Photo
Finish Judge and an adequate number of assistants shall be appointed.
When a Transponder Timing System is used, a Chief Transponder
Timing Judge and an adequate number of assistants shall be
appointed.
RULE 129
Start Coordinator, Starter and Recallers
1.
2.
3.
The Start Coordinator shall:

(a) Allocate the duties of the start team judges. In the case of
competitions under 1.1(a) and Area Championships and Games,
the determination of which events will be assigned to the
International Starters will be the responsibility of the Technical
Delegates.
(b) Supervise the duties to be fulfilled by each member of the team.
(c) Inform the Starter, after receiving the relevant order from the
Competition Director, that everything is in order to initiate the
start procedure (e.g. that the Timekeepers, the Judges and, when
applicable, the Chief Photo Finish Judge and the Wind Gauge
Operator are ready).
(d) Act as an interlocutor between the technical staff of the timing
equipment company and the Judges.
(e) Keep all papers produced during the start procedure including
all documents showing the reaction times and/or false start
waveform images if available.
(f) Ensure that what is ruled under Rule 162.8 is fulfilled.
The Starter shall have entire control of the athletes on their marks.
When a false start control apparatus is used, the Starter and/or an
assigned Recaller shall wear headphones in order to hear clearly any
acoustic signal emitted in the case of a false start (see Rule 162.6).
The Starter shall position himself so that he has full visual control
over all athletes during the start procedure.
It is recommended, especially for staggered starts, that loudspeakers
in the individual lanes be used for relaying the commands and the
start and any recall signals to all athletes at the same time.
Note: The Starter shall place himself so that the whole field of athletes
falls into a narrow visual angle. For races using crouch starts it is
necessary that he is so placed that he can ascertain that all athletes
are currently steady in their set positions before the gun is fired or
RULES 128, 129
134
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
approved starting apparatus is activated. (All such starting apparatus

is termed gun for the purpose of the Rules.) Where loudspeakers
are not used in races with a staggered start, the Starter shall so place
himself that the distance between him and each of the athletes is
approximately the same. Where, however, the Starter cannot place
himself in such a position, the gun shall be placed there and
discharged by electric contact.
One or more Recallers shall be provided to assist the Starter.
Note: For events of 200m, 400m, 400m Hurdles, 4 100m, 4 200m,
the Medley Relay and 4 400m Relays, there shall be at least two
Recallers.
Each Recaller shall place himself so that he can see each athlete
assigned to him.
The warning and disqualification under Rule 162.7 may be decided
only by the Starter.
The Start Coordinator shall assign a specific task and position to each
Recaller, who is obliged to recall the race if any infringement of the
Rules is observed. After a recalled or aborted start the Recaller shall
report his observations to the Starter who decides whether and to
whom a warning or disqualification shall be issued. (See also Rules
162.6 and 162.9.)
To assist in races using crouch starts, an IAAF approved false start
control apparatus as described in Rule 161.2 should be used.
RULE 130
Starters Assistants
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The Starters Assistants shall check that the athletes are competing in
the correct heat or race and that their bibs are worn correctly.
They must place each athlete in his correct lane or position,
assembling the athletes approximately 3m behind the start line (in the
case of races started in echelon, similarly behind each start line).
When this has been completed, they shall signal to the Starter that all
is ready. When a new start is ordered, the Starters Assistants shall
assemble the athletes again.
The Starters Assistants shall be responsible for the readiness of
batons for the first athletes in a Relay Race.
When the Starter has ordered the athletes to their marks, the Starters
Assistants must ensure that Rules 162.3 and 162.4 are observed.
In case of a false start, the Starters Assistants shall proceed in
135
RULES 129, 130
RULE 131
Lap Scorers
1.
2.
Lap Scorers shall keep a record of the laps completed by all athletes
in races longer than 1500m. Specifically, for races of 5000m and
longer, and for Race Walking events, a number of Lap Scorers under
the direction of the Referee shall be appointed and provided with lap
scoring cards on which they shall record the times over each lap (as
given to them by an official Timekeeper) of the athletes for whom
they are responsible. When such a system is used, no Lap Scorer
should record more than four athletes (six for Race Walking events).
Instead of manual lap scoring, a computerised system, which may
involve a transponder carried or worn by each athlete, may be used.
One Lap Scorer shall be responsible for maintaining, at the finish
line, a display of the laps remaining. The display shall be changed
each lap when the leader enters the finish straight. In addition, manual
indication shall be given, when appropriate, to athletes who have
been, or are about to be, lapped.
The final lap shall be signalled to each athlete, usually by ringing a
bell.
RULE 132
Competition Secretary, Technical Information Centre (TIC)
1.
2.
The Competition Secretary shall collect the full results of each event,
details of which shall be provided by the Referee, the Chief
Timekeeper or Chief Photo Finish Judge and the Wind-Gauge
Operator. He shall immediately relay these details to the Announcer,
record the results and convey the result card to the Competition
Director.
Where a computerised results system is used the computer recorder
at each Field Event site shall ensure that the full results of each event
are entered into the computer system. The track results shall be input
under the direction of the Chief Photo Finish Judge. The Announcer
and the Competition Director shall have access to the results via a
computer.
A Technical Information Centre (TIC) will be established for
competitions held under 1.1(a), (b), (c), (f), and (g) and is
recommended for other competitions held over more than one day.
The main function of the TIC is to ensure smooth communication
between each team delegation, the organisers, the Technical
RULES 131, 132
136
Delegates and the competition administration regarding technical and

other matters relating to the competition.
RULE 133
Marshal
The Marshal shall have control of the arena and shall not allow any
persons other than the officials and athletes assembled to compete or other
authorised persons with valid accreditation to enter and remain therein.
RULE 134
Announcer
The Announcer shall inform the public of the names and numbers of the
athletes taking part in each event, and all relevant information such as the
composition of the heats, lanes or stations drawn, and intermediate times.
The result (placings, times, heights, distances and points) of each event
should be announced at the earliest possible moment after receipt of the
information.
At competitions held under Rule 1.1(a), the English and French language
Announcers shall be appointed by the IAAF. In conjunction with the Event
Presentation Manager and under the general direction of the
Organisational and/or the Technical Delegates, these appointees shall be
responsible for all matters of announcing protocol.
RULE 135
Official Surveyor
The Official Surveyor shall check the accuracy of the markings and
installations and shall furnish appropriate certificates to the Technical
Manager before the competition.
He shall be given full access to stadium plans and drawings and the latest
measurement report for the purpose of this verification.
RULE 136
Wind Gauge Operator
The Wind Gauge Operator shall ensure that the gauge is placed in
accordance with Rule 163.10 (Track Events) and 184.11 (Field Events).
He shall ascertain the velocity of the wind in the running direction in
appropriate events and shall then record and sign the results obtained and
communicate them to the Competition Secretary.
137
RULES 132, 133, 134, 135, 136
RULE 137
Measurement Judge (Scientific)
One (or more) Measurement Judge(s) shall be appointed when Electronic
or Video Distance Measurement or other scientific measurement device is
to be used.
Before the start of the competition, he will meet the technical staff
involved and familiarise himself with the equipment.
Before each event, he will supervise the positioning of the measuring
instruments, taking account of the technical requirements given by the
manufacturer and the instrument calibrating laboratory.
To ensure that the equipment is operating correctly, he shall, before and
after the event, supervise a set of measurements in conjunction with the
Judges and under the supervision of the Referee (and if possible, the ITO
assigned to the event), to confirm agreement with results achieved using
a calibrated certified steel tape. A form of conformity shall be issued and
signed by all those involved in the test and attached to the results card.
During the competition he shall remain in overall charge of the operation. He
will report to the Field Events Referee to certify that the equipment is accurate.
RULE 138
Call Room Judges
The Call Room Chief Judge shall supervise the transit between the warmup area and the competition area to ensure that the athletes, after being
checked in the Call Room, be present and ready at the competition site for
the scheduled start of their event.
The Call Room Judges shall ensure that athletes are wearing the national
or Club uniform clothing officially approved by their national governing
body, that the bibs are worn correctly and correspond with start lists, that
shoes, number and dimension of spikes, advertising on clothing and
athletes bags comply with the Rules and Regulations and that
unauthorised material is not taken into the arena.
The Judges shall refer any unresolved issues or matters arising to the Call
Room Referee.
RULE 139
Advertising Commissioner
The Advertising Commissioner (when appointed) will supervise and apply
the current Advertising Rules and Regulations and shall determine any
unresolved advertising issues or matters arising in the Call Room in
conjunction with the Call Room Referee.
RULES 137, 138, 139
138
SECTION II - GENERAL COMPETITION RULES

RULE 140
The Athletics Facility
Any firm, uniform surface that conforms to the specifications in the IAAF
Track and Field Facilities Manual, may be used for Track and Field
Athletics.
Outdoor competitions under Rule 1.1(a) may be held only on facilities
that hold an IAAF Class 1 Athletics Facility Certificate. It is recommended
that, when such facilities are available, outdoor competitions under Rules
1.1(b) to (j) should also be held on these facilities.
In any case, an IAAF Class 2 Athletics Facility Certificate shall be
required for all facilities intended for use for outdoor competitions under
Rule 1.1(b) to (j).
Note (i): The IAAF Track and Field Facilities Manual, which is available
from the IAAF Office, or may be downloaded from the IAAF website,
contains more detailed and defined specifications for the planning and
construction of Track and Field facilities including further diagrams for
track measurement and marking.
Note (ii): The current standard forms required to be used for the
certification application and measurement report as well as the
Certification System Procedures are available from the IAAF Office, or
may be downloaded from the IAAF website.
Note (iii): For Road Race Walking, Road Running or Cross-Country and
Mountain courses, see Rules 230.10, 240.2, 240.3 250.2, 250.3, 250.4 and
251.1.
Note (iv): For the indoor athletics facility, see Rule 211.
RULE 141
Age and Sex Categories
Age Categories
1. Competition under these Rules may be divided into age group
classifications as follows:
Youth Boys and Girls: Any athlete of 16 or 17 years on 31st
December in the year of the competition.
Junior Men and Women: Any athlete of 18 or 19 years on 31st
December in the year of the competition.
Master Men and Women: Any athlete who has reached his/her 35th
birthday.
139
RULES 140, 141
2.
Note (i): All other matters concerning Masters competitions are

referred to the IAAF/WMA Handbook approved by the IAAF and
WMA Councils.
Note (ii): Eligibility, including minimum ages for participation in
IAAF Competitions, shall be subject to the specific Technical
Regulations.
An athlete shall be eligible to compete in an age group competition
under these Rules if he is within the age range specified in the
relevant age group classification. An athlete must be able to provide
proof of his age through presentation of a valid passport or other form
of evidence as permitted by the regulations for the competition. An
athlete who fails or refuses to provide such proof shall not be eligible
to compete.
Sex Categories
3. Competition under these Rules is divided into mens and womens
classifications. When a Mixed Competition is organised outside the
stadium or in one of the limited cases set out in Rule 147, separate
mens and womens classification results should still be declared or
otherwise indicated.
4. An athlete shall be eligible to compete in mens competition if he is
recognised as a male in law and is eligible to compete under the Rules
and Regulations.
5. An athlete shall be eligible to compete in womens competition if she
is recognised as a female in law and is eligible to compete under the
6. The Council shall approve Regulations to determine the eligibility
for womens competition of
(a) females who have undergone male to female sex reassignment;
and
(b) females with hyperandrogenism.
An athlete who fails or refuses to comply with the applicable
Regulations shall not be eligible to compete.
RULE 142
Entries
1.
2.
Competitions under the Rules are restricted to eligible athletes. (See

Chapter 2.)
The eligibility of an athlete to compete outside of his own country is
as set forth in Rule 4.2. Such eligibility shall be assumed unless an
RULES 141, 142
140
objection to his status is made to the Technical Delegate(s). (See also

Rule 146.1.)
Simultaneous Entries
3. If an athlete is entered in both a Track Event and a Field Event, or in
more than one Field Event taking place simultaneously, the
appropriate Referee may, for one round of trials at a time, or for each
trial in the High Jump and Pole Vault, allow an athlete to take his
trial in an order different from that decided upon by the draw prior to
the start of the competition. However, if an athlete subsequently is
not present for a particular trial, it shall be deemed that he is passing
once the period allowed for the trial has elapsed.
Failure to Participate
4. At all competitions under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c) and (f), except as
provided below, an athlete shall be excluded from participation in all
further events (including other events in which he is simultaneously
participating) in the competition, including relays, in cases where:
(a) a final confirmation was given that the athlete would start in an
event but then failed to participate;
Note: A fixed time for the final confirmation of participation
shall be published in advance.
(b) an athlete qualified in a preliminary round of an event for further
participation in that event but then failed to participate further;
(c) an athlete failed to compete honestly with bona fide effort. The
relevant Referee will decide on this and the corresponding
reference must be made in the official results.
Note: The situation foreseen in Rule 142.4(c) will not apply to
individual events within Combined Events.
A medical certificate, provided by and based on an examination of the
athlete by the Medical Delegate appointed under Rule 113 or, if no
Medical Delegate has been so appointed, by the Medical Officer of
the Organising Committee, may be accepted as sufficient reason to
accept that the athlete became unable to compete after confirmations
closed or after competing in a previous round but will be able to
compete in further events (except Combined Events individual
events) on a subsequent day of the competition. Other justifiable
reasons (e.g. factors independent of the athletes own actions, such as
problems with the official transport system) may, after confirmation,
also be accepted by the Technical Delegate(s).
141
RULE 142
RULE 143
Clothing, Shoes and Athlete Bibs
Clothing
1. In all events, athletes must wear clothing which is clean, and designed
and worn so as not to be objectionable. The clothing must be made
of a material which is non-transparent even if wet. Athletes must not
wear clothing which could impede the view of the Judges. Athletes
vests should have the same colour on the front and back.
At all competitions under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c), (f) and (g), and when
representing their Member under Rules 1.1(d) and (h), athletes shall
participate in the uniform clothing approved by their national
governing body. The Victory Ceremony and any lap of honour are
considered part of the competition for this purpose.
Note: The relevant governing body may specify in the regulations for
a competition that it is mandatory for the colour on athletes vests to
be the same on the front and back.
Shoes
2. Athletes may compete barefoot or with footwear on one or both feet.
The purpose of shoes for competition is to give protection and
stability to the feet and a firm grip on the ground. Such shoes,
however, must not be constructed so as to give an athlete any unfair
additional assistance, including by the incorporation of any
technology which will give the wearer any unfair advantage. A shoe
strap over the instep is permitted. All types of competition shoes must
be approved by IAAF.
Number of Spikes
3. The sole and heel of the shoes shall be so constructed as to provide
for the use of up to 11 spikes. Any number of spikes up to 11 may be
used but the number of spike positions shall not exceed 11.
Dimensions of Spikes
4. That part of each spike which projects from the sole or the heel shall
not exceed 9mm except in the High Jump and Javelin Throw, where
it shall not exceed 12mm. The spike must be so constructed that it
will, at least for the half of its length closest to the tip, fit through a
square sided 4mm gauge.
RULE 143
142
The Sole and the Heel

5. The sole and/or heel may have grooves, ridges, indentations or
protuberances, provided these features are constructed of the same or
similar material to the basic sole itself.
In the High Jump and Long Jump, the sole shall have a maximum
thickness of 13mm and the heel in High Jump shall have a maximum
thickness of 19mm. In all other events the sole and/or heel may be of
any thickness.
Note: The thickness of the sole and heel shall be measured as the
distance between the inside top side and the outside under side,
including the above-mentioned features and including any kind or
form of loose inner sole.
Inserts and Additions to the Shoe
6. Athletes may not use any appliance, either inside or outside the shoe,
which will have the effect of increasing the thickness of the sole
above the permitted maximum, or which can give the wearer any
advantage which he would not obtain from the type of shoe described
in the previous paragraphs.
Athlete Bibs
7. Every athlete shall be provided with two bibs which, during the
competition, shall be worn visibly on the breast and back, except in
the High Jump and Pole Vault, where one bib may be worn on the
breast or back only. The bib shall correspond usually with the number
allocated to the athlete on the start list or in the programme. If track
suits are worn during the competition, bibs shall be worn on the track
suit in a similar manner. Either the athletes names or other suitable
identification on the bibs will be allowed instead of numbers on any
or all of the bibs.
8. These bibs must be worn as issued and may not be cut, folded or
obscured in any way. In long distance events, the bibs may be
perforated to assist the circulation of air, but the perforation must not
be made on any of the lettering or numerals which appear on them.
9. Where a Photo Finish System is in operation, the Organising
Committee may require athletes to wear additional number
identification of an adhesive type on the side of their shorts or lower
body.
10. No athlete shall be allowed to take part in any competition without
displaying the appropriate bib(s) and/or identification.
143
RULE 143
RULE 144
Assistance to Athletes
Indication of Intermediate Times
1. Intermediate times and preliminary winning times may be officially
announced and/or displayed. Otherwise, such times must not be
communicated to the athletes by persons in the competition area
without the prior approval of the appropriate Referee. This approval
shall be given only when there are no time displays visible to athletes
at the relevant point and in circumstances where such times will be
provided to all athletes in the race.
Note: The competition area, which normally also has a physical
barrier, is defined for this purpose as the area where the competition
is being staged and which has an access restricted to the competing
athletes and personnel authorised in accordance with the relevant
Assistance
2. Any athlete giving or receiving assistance from within the
competition area during an event shall be warned by the Referee and
advised that, if there is any repetition, he will be disqualified from
that event. If an athlete is subsequently disqualified from the event,
any performance accomplished up to that time in the same round of
that event shall not be considered valid. However, performances
accomplished in a previous round of that event shall be considered
valid.
3. For the purpose of this Rule, the following examples shall be
considered assistance, and are therefore not allowed:
(a) Pacing in races by persons not participating in the same race, by
athletes lapped or about to be lapped or by any kind of technical
device (other than those permitted under Rule 144.4(d)).
(b) Possession or use of video or cassette recorders, radios, CD,
radio transmitters, mobile phone or similar devices in the
competition area.
(c) Except for shoes complying with Rule 143, the use of any
technology or appliance that provides the user with an advantage
which he would not have obtained using the equipment specified
in the Rules.
4. For the purpose of this Rule, the following shall not be considered
assistance, and are therefore allowed:
RULE 144
144
(a) Communication between the athletes and their coaches not

placed in the competition area.
In order to facilitate this communication and not to disturb the
staging of the competition, a place in the stands, close to the
immediate site of each Field Event, should be reserved to the
athletes coaches.
(b) Medical examination / treatment and/or physiotherapy necessary
to enable an athlete to participate or continue participation once
on the competition area.
Such medical examination / treatment and/or physiotherapy may
be provided either on the competition area itself by the official
medical staff appointed by the Organising Committee and
identified by armbands, vests or similar distinctive apparel or in
designated medical treatment areas outside the competition area
by accredited team medical personnel specifically approved by
the Medical or Technical Delegate for the purpose. In neither
case shall the intervention delay the conduct of the competition
or an athletes trial in the designated order. Such attendance or
assistance by any other person, whether immediately before
competition, once athletes have left the Call Room or during
competition, is assistance.
(c) Any kind of personal safeguard (e.g. bandage, tape, belt, support,
etc.) for protection and/or medical purposes. The Referee, in
conjunction with the Medical Delegate, shall have the authority
to verify any case should he judge that to be desirable. (See also
Rule 187.5.)
(d) Devices carried personally by athletes during a race such as heart
rate or speed distance monitors or stride sensors, provided that
such device cannot be used to communicate with any other
person.
(e) Viewing by athletes competing in Field Events, of images of
previous trial(s), recorded on their behalf by persons not placed
in the competition area (see 144.1 Note). The viewing device or
images taken from it must not be taken into the competition area.
Wind Information
5. One or more wind sock(s) should be placed in an appropriate position
in all jumping events, Discus Throw and Javelin Throw, to show the
athletes the approximate direction and strength of the wind.
145
RULE 144
Drinking / Sponging
6. (a) In Track Events of 5000m or longer, the Organising Committee
may provide water and sponges to athletes if weather conditions
warrant such provision.
(b) In Track Events longer than 10,000m, refreshments, water and
sponging stations shall be provided. Refreshments may be
provided either by the Organising Committee or the athlete and
shall be placed so that they are easily accessible to, or may be put
by authorised persons into the hands of, the athletes.
Refreshments provided by the athletes shall be kept under the
supervision of officials designated by the Organising Committee
from the time that the refreshments are lodged by the athletes or
their representatives.
RULE 145
Disqualification
If an athlete is disqualified in an event for an infringement of any Rule,
reference shall be made in the official results to the Rule which has been
infringed.
1. If an athlete is disqualified in an event for an infringement of a
Technical Rule (except under Rules 125.5 or 162.5) any performance
accomplished in the same round of that event up to the time of the
disqualification shall not be considered valid. However, performances
accomplished in a previous round of that event shall be considered
valid. Such disqualification from an event shall not prevent an athlete
from taking part in any further event in that competition.
2. If an athlete is disqualified from an event for acting in an unsporting
or improper manner, reference shall be made in the official results
giving reasons for such disqualification. If an athlete is warned for a
second time under Rule 125.5 for acting in an unsporting or improper
manner in an event, or under Rule 162.5, he shall be disqualified from
that event. If the athletes second warning occurs in a different event,
he shall be disqualified only from the second event. Any performance
accomplished in the same round of that event up to the time of the
disqualification shall not be considered valid. However, performances
accomplished in a previous round of that event, other previous events
or previous individual events of a Combined Event shall be
considered valid. Disqualification from an event for unsporting or
improper behaviour shall render the athlete liable to disqualification
by the Referee from participation in all further events, including
individual events of a Combined Event, in that competition. If the
RULES 144, 145
146
offence is considered serious, the Competition Director shall report

it to the appropriate governing body for consideration of further
disciplinary action.
RULE 146
Protests and Appeals
1.
2.
3.
4.
Protests concerning the status of an athlete to participate in a

competition must be made, prior to the commencement of such
competition, to the Technical Delegate(s). Once the Technical
Delegate(s) make a decision, there shall be a right of appeal to the
Jury of Appeal. If the matter cannot be settled satisfactorily prior to
the competition, the athlete shall be allowed to compete under
protest and the matter be referred to the Council or the relevant body.
Protests concerning the result or conduct of an event shall be made
within 30 minutes of the official announcement of the result of that
event.
The Organising Committee of the competition shall be responsible
for ensuring that the time of the announcement of all results is
recorded.
Any protest shall be made orally to the Referee by an athlete, by
someone acting on his behalf or by an official representative of a
team. Such person or team may protest only if they are competing in
the same round of the event to which the protest (or subsequent
appeal) relates (or are competing in a competition in which a team
points score is being conducted). To arrive at a fair decision, the
Referee should consider any available evidence which he thinks
necessary, including a film or picture produced by an official video
recorder, or any other available video evidence. The Referee may
decide on the protest or may refer the matter to the Jury. If the Referee
makes a decision, there shall be a right of appeal to the Jury. Where
the Referee is not accessible or available, the protest should be made
to him through the Technical Information Centre.
In a Track Event,
(a) if an athlete makes an immediate oral protest against having been
charged with a false start, a Track Referee may, if he is in any
doubt, allow the athlete to compete under protest in order to
preserve the rights of all concerned. Competing under protest
shall not be allowed if the false start was detected by an IAAF
approved false start control apparatus, unless for any reason the
Referee determines that the information provided by the
apparatus is obviously inaccurate.
147
RULES 145, 146
5.
6.
7.
(b) a protest may be based on the failure of the Starter to recall a

false start or, under Rule 162.5, to abort a start. The protest may
be made only by, or on behalf of, an athlete who has completed
the race. If the protest is upheld, any athlete who committed the
false start or whose conduct should have led to the start being
aborted, and who was subject to warning or disqualification
according to Rules 162.5 or 162.7, shall be warned or
disqualified. Whether or not there may be any warning or
disqualification, the Referee shall have the authority to declare
the event or part of the event void and that it or part of it shall be
held again if in his opinion justice demands it.
Note: The right of protest and appeal in (b) shall apply whether
or not a false start control apparatus is used.
In a Field Event, if an athlete makes an immediate oral protest against
having a trial judged as a failure, the Referee of the event may, at his
discretion, order that the trial be measured and the result recorded, in
order to preserve the rights of all concerned.
If the protested trial occurred:
(a) during the first three rounds of trials of a horizontal Field Event
in which more than eight athletes are competing, and the athlete
would advance to the final three rounds of trials only if the
protest or subsequent appeal was upheld; or
(b) in a vertical Field Event, where the athlete would advance to a
higher height only if the protest or subsequent appeal is upheld,
the Referee may, if he is in any doubt, allow the athlete to continue
competing under protest to preserve the rights of all concerned.
The protested performance of the athlete and any other performance
achieved by him while competing under protest will become valid
only if a subsequent decision to that effect is made by the Referee or
an appeal to the Jury of Appeal is made and it is upheld.
An appeal to the Jury of Appeal must be made within 30 minutes:
(a) of the official announcement of the amended result of an event
arising from the decision made by the Referee; or
(b) of the advice being given to those making the protest, where
there is no amendment of any result.
It shall be in writing, signed by the athlete, by someone acting on his
behalf or by an official representative of a team and shall be
accompanied by a deposit of USD 100, or its equivalent, which will
be forfeited if the appeal is not allowed. Such athlete or team may
appeal only if they are competing in the same round of the event to
RULE 146
148
which the appeal relates (or are competing in a competition on which

a team points score is being conducted).
Note: The relevant Referee shall, after his decision on a protest,
immediately inform the TIC of the time of the decision. If the Referee
was unable to communicate this orally to the relevant team(s) /athlete
(s), the official time of the announcement will be that of posting the
decision at the TIC.
8. The Jury of Appeal shall consult all relevant persons. If the Jury of
Appeal is in doubt, other available evidence may be considered. If
such evidence, including any available video evidence, is not
conclusive, the decision of the Referee or the Chief Race Walking
Judge shall be upheld.
9. The Jury of Appeal may reconsider a decision if new conclusive
evidence is presented, provided the new decision is still applicable.
Normally, such re-consideration may be undertaken only prior to the
Victory Ceremony for the applicable event, unless the relevant
governing body determines that circumstances justify otherwise.
10. Decisions involving points which are not covered by the Rules shall
be reported subsequently by the Chairman of the Jury to the General
Secretary of the IAAF.
11. The decision of the Jury of Appeal (or of the Referee in the absence
of a Jury of Appeal or if no appeal to the Jury is made) shall be final
and there shall be no further right of appeal, including to CAS.
RULE 147
Mixed Competition
For all competitions held completely in the stadium, mixed events between
male and female participants shall not normally be permitted.
However, mixed stadium competition in Field Events and in races of
5000m or longer may be permitted in all competitions except those held
under Rules 1.1(a) to (h). In the case of competitions held under Rules
1.1(i) and (j) such mixed competition shall be allowed in a particular
competition if specifically permitted by the relevant Area governing body.
Note: Where Mixed Competitions are conducted in Field Events, separate
result cards should be used and results declared for each sex.
RULE 148
Measurements
For Track and Field Events in competitions under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c)
and (f), all measurements shall be made with a calibrated certified steel
149
RULES 146, 147, 148
tape or bar or with a scientific measuring device. The steel tape, bar or
scientific measuring device shall have been certified by the IAAF and the
accuracy of the measuring equipment used in the competition shall have
been verified by an appropriate organisation accredited by the national
measurement authority, such that all measurements can be traced back to
national and international measurement standards.
At competitions other than those held under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c) and (f),
fibreglass tapes may also be used.
Note: Concerning acceptance of Records, see Rule 260.26 (a).
RULE 149
Validity of Performances
1.
2.
No performance accomplished by an athlete will be valid unless it is

accomplished during an official competition organised in conformity
with the Rules.
Performances in events normally conducted in the stadium, made
outside traditional athletics facilities (such as those held in town
squares, other sporting facilities, beaches, etc.) shall be valid and
recognised for all purposes, if they are made subject to all of the
following conditions:
(a) the appropriate governing body as provided in Rules 1 to 3 has
issued a permit for the event;
(b) a qualified panel of National Technical Officials are appointed
to and officiate at the event;
(c) where applicable, equipment and implements in conformity with
the Rules are used; and
(d) the event is conducted on an event site or facility in conformity
with the Rules and in respect of which a certificate under Rule
135 is issued by an Official Surveyor based on measurements
taken on the day of the event.
Note: The current standard forms required to be used for
reporting on the conformity of the event site or facility are
available from the IAAF Office, or may be downloaded from the
IAAF website.
RULE 150
Video Recording
In competitions held under Rules 1.1(a), (b) and (c) and, whenever
possible, in other competitions, an official video recording of all events to
the satisfaction of the Technical Delegate(s) shall be made. It should be
RULES 148, 149, 150
150
sufficient to demonstrate the accuracy of performances and any violation

of the Rules.
RULE 151
Scoring
In a match where the result is to be determined by the scoring of points,
the method of scoring shall be agreed by all the competing countries
before the start of the match.
151
RULES 150, 151
SECTION III - TRACK EVENTS

Rules 163.2, 163.6 (except under Rules 230.11 and 240. 9), 164.2 and 165
also apply to Sections VII, VIII, and IX.
RULE 160
Track Measurements
1.
2.
The length of a standard running track shall be 400m. It shall consist

of two parallel straights and two bends whose radii shall be equal.
The inside of the track shall be bordered by a kerb of suitable
material, approximately 50mm in height and minimum 50mm in
width and it should be coloured white. The kerb on the two straights
may be omitted and a white line 50mm wide substituted.
If a section of the kerb on a bend has to be temporarily removed for
Field Events, its place on the surface beneath shall be marked with a
white line 50mm in width and by cones or flags, minimum height
0.20m, placed on the white line so that the edge of the base of the
cone or flag pole coincides with the edge of the white line closest to
the track, and placed at intervals not exceeding 4m to prevent any
athlete running on the line. (Flags shall be placed at an angle of 60
with the ground away from the track.) This shall also apply to the
section of the steeplechase track where athletes divert from the main
track to negotiate the water jump, to the outer half of the track in the
case of starts according to Rule 162.10 and, optionally, to the
straights, in this latter case, at intervals not exceeding 10m.
The measurement shall be taken 0.30m outward from the kerb or,
where no kerb exists on a bend, 0.20m from the line marking the
inside of the track.
Figure 1 - Track measurements (infield view)
RULE 160
152
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
The distance of the race shall be measured from the edge of the start
line farther from the finish to the edge of the finish line nearer to the
start.
In all races up to and including 400m, each athlete shall have a
separate lane, with a width of 1.22m 0.01m, including the lane line
on the right, marked by white lines 50mm in width. All lanes shall be
of the same nominal width. The inner lane shall be measured as stated
in Rule 160.2, but the remaining lanes shall be measured 0.20m from
the outer edges of the lines.
Note: For all tracks constructed before 1 January 2004 for all such
races, the lane may have a width of maximum 1.25m.
In International Competitions under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c) and (f), the
track should allow for eight lanes minimum.
The lateral inclination of tracks should not exceed 1:100 (1%) and
the overall inclination in the running direction shall not exceed 1:1000
(0.1%) downwards.
Note: It is recommended that, for new tracks, the lateral inclination
should be towards the inside lane.
Full technical information on track construction, layout and marking
is contained in the IAAF Track and Field Facilities Manual. This Rule
gives basic principles, which must be followed.
RULE 161
Starting Blocks
1.
Starting blocks shall be used for all races up to and including 400m
(including the first leg of the 4 200m, the Medley Relay and
4 400m) and shall not be used for any other race. When in position
on the track, no part of the starting block shall overlap the start line
or extend into another lane.
Starting blocks shall comply with the following general
specifications:
(a) They shall be entirely rigid in construction and shall give no
unfair advantage to the athlete.
(b) They shall be fixed to the track by a number of pins or spikes,
arranged to cause the minimum possible damage to the track.
The arrangement shall permit the starting blocks to be quickly
and easily removed. The number, thickness and length of pins or
spikes depend on the track construction. The anchorage shall
permit no movement during the actual start.
(c) When an athlete uses his own starting blocks, they shall comply
with Rules 161.1(a) and (b). They may be of any design or
153
RULES 160, 161
2.
3.
construction, provided that they do not interfere with other

athletes.
(d) When starting blocks are provided by the Organising Committee,
they shall, in addition, comply with the following specifications:
The starting blocks shall consist of two foot plates, against which the
athletes feet are pressed in the starting position. The foot plates shall
be mounted on a rigid frame, which shall in no way obstruct the
athletes feet as they leave the blocks. The foot plates shall be sloped
to suit the starting position of the athlete, and may be flat or slightly
concave. The surface of the foot plates shall accommodate the spikes
in the athletes shoes, either by using slots or recesses in the face of
the foot plate or by covering the surface of the foot plate with suitable
material permitting the use of spiked shoes.
The mounting of the foot plates on a rigid frame may be adjustable,
but it shall allow no movement during the actual start. In all cases, the
foot plates shall be adjustable forward or backward in relation to each
other. The adjustments shall be secured by firm clamps or a locking
mechanism, which can be easily and quickly operated by the athlete.
In competitions held under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c) and (f) and for any
performances submitted for ratification as a World Record, the
starting blocks shall be linked to an IAAF approved false start control
apparatus. This system is strongly recommended for all other
competitions.
Note: In addition, an automatic recall system, within the Rules, may
also be used.
In competitions held under Rules 1.1(a) to (f), athletes shall use
starting blocks provided by the Organising Committee of the
competition. In other competitions, on synthetic surfaced tracks the
Organising Committee may insist that only starting blocks provided
by them may be used.
RULE 162
The Start
1.
The start of a race shall be denoted by a white line 50mm wide. In all
races not run in lanes, the start line shall be curved, so that all the
athletes start the same distance from the finish. Starting positions in
events at all distances shall be numbered from left to right, facing the
direction of running.
Note (i): In the case of events starting outside the stadium, the start
line may be up to 0.30m in width and maybe of any colour contrasting
distinctively with the surface of the start area.
RULES 161, 162
154
2.
3.
4.
5.
Note (ii): The 1500m start line may be extended out from the outside
bend lane to the extent that the same synthetic surface is available.
At all International Competitions, except as noted below, the
commands of the Starter shall be given in his own language, in
English or in French.
(a) In races up to and including 400m (including 4 200m, the
Medley Relay as defined in Rule 170.1 and 4 400m), the
commands shall be On your marks and Set.
(b) In races longer than 400m (except 4 200m, the Medley Relay
and 4 400m), the command shall be On your marks.
All races shall be started by the report of the Starters gun held
upwards.
Note: In competitions under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c), (e) and (i), the
commands of the Starter shall be given in English only.
In races up to and including 400m (including the first leg of 4 200m,
the Medley Relay and 4 400m), a crouch start and the use of starting
blocks are compulsory. After the On your marks command, an
athlete shall approach the start line, assume a position completely
within his allocated lane and behind the start line. An athlete shall
not touch either the start line or the ground in front of it with his hands
or his feet when on his mark. Both hands and at least one knee shall
be in contact with the ground and both feet in contact with the foot
plates of the starting blocks. At the Set command, an athlete shall
immediately rise to his final starting position retaining the contact of
the hands with the ground and of the feet with the foot plates of the
blocks. Once the Starter is satisfied that all athletes are steady in the
Set position, the gun shall be fired.
In races longer than 400m (except 4 200m, the Medley Relay and
4 400m), all starts shall be made from a standing position. After
the On your marks command, an athlete shall approach the start
line and assume a starting position behind the start line (completely
within his allocated lane in races started in lanes). An athlete shall
not touch any part of the ground with his hand or hands and/or the
start line or the ground in front of it with his feet when on his mark.
Once the Starter is satisfied that all athletes are steady in the correct
starting position, the gun shall be fired.
On the command On your marks or Set, as the case may be, all
athletes shall, at once and without delay, assume their full and final
starting position. If, for any reason, the Starter is not satisfied that all
is ready for the start to proceed after the athletes are on their marks,
155
RULE 162
he shall order all athletes to withdraw from their marks and the
Starters Assistants shall assemble them again (See also Rule 130).
Where an athlete in the judgement of the Starter,
(a) after the command On your marks or Set, and before the
report of the gun, causes the start to be aborted, for instance by
raising a hand and/or standing or sitting up in the case of a
crouch start, without a valid reason, (such reason to be evaluated
by the relevant Referee); or
(b) fails to comply with the commands On your marks or Set as
appropriate, or does not place himself in his final starting
position after a reasonable time; or
(c) after the command On your marks or Set disturbs other
athletes in the race through sound or otherwise,
the Starter shall abort the start.
The Referee may warn the athlete for improper conduct (disqualify in
case of a second infringement of the Rule during the same
competition), according to Rules 125.5 and 145.2. In this case, or
when an extraneous reason was considered to be the cause for
aborting the start, or the Referee does not agree with the Starters
decision, a green card shall be shown to all the athletes to indicate
that a false start was not committed by any athlete.
False Start
6. An athlete, after assuming a full and final starting position, shall not
commence his start until after receiving the report of the gun. If, in the
judgement of the Starter or Recallers, he does so any earlier, it shall
be deemed a false start.
When an IAAF approved false start control apparatus is in use, the
Starter and/or an assigned Recaller shall wear headphones in order
to clearly hear the acoustic signal emitted when the apparatus
indicates a possible false start (i.e. when the reaction time is less than
0.100 second). As soon as the Starter and/or an assigned Recaller
hears the acoustic signal, and if the gun was fired, there shall be a
recall and the Starter shall immediately examine the reaction times on
the false start control apparatus in order to confirm which athlete(s)
is/are responsible for the recall.
Note (i): Any motion by an athlete that does not include or result in
the athletes foot / feet losing contact with the foot plate(s) of the
starting blocks, or the athletes hand / hands losing contact with the
ground, shall not be considered to be the commencement of his start.
Such instances may, if applicable, be subject to a disciplinary
warning or disqualification.
RULE 162
156
7.
8.
Note (ii): As athletes starting races in a standing position are more

prone to over-balance, if such a movement is considered to be
accidental, the start should be regarded as unsteady. If an athlete
is pushed or jostled over the line before the start, he should not be
penalised. Any athlete causing such interference may be subject to a
disciplinary warning or disqualification.
Note (iii): When an IAAF approved false start control apparatus is in
operation, the evidence of this equipment shall normally be accepted
as conclusive by the Starter.
Except in Combined Events, any athlete responsible for a false start
shall be disqualified.
In Combined Events, any athlete responsible for a false start shall be
warned. Only one false start per race shall be allowed without the
disqualification of the athlete(s) responsible for the false start. Any
athlete(s) responsible for further false starts in the race shall be
disqualified. (See also Rule 200.8(c).)
In case of a false start, the Starters Assistants shall proceed as
follows:
Except in Combined Events, the athlete(s) responsible for the false
start shall be disqualified and a red and black (diagonally halved) card
shall be raised in front of him and a corresponding indication shown
on the respective lane marker(s).
In Combined Events, in case of a first false start, the athlete(s)
responsible for the false start shall be warned with a yellow and black
(diagonally halved) card raised in front of him and a corresponding
indication shown on the respective lane marker(s). At the same time,
all the other athletes taking part in the race shall be warned with the
yellow and black card raised in front of them by one or several
Starters Assistants in order to notify them that anyone committing
further false starts will be disqualified. In case of further false starts,
the athlete(s) responsible for the false start shall be disqualified and
the red and black card shall be raised in front of him and a
corresponding indication shown on the respective lane marker(s).
The basic system (to raise a card in front of the athlete(s) responsible
for the false start) will also be followed in case lane markers are not
being used.
Note: In practice, when one or more athletes make a false start,
others are inclined to follow and, strictly speaking, any athlete who
does so has also made a false start. The Starter should warn or
157
RULE 162
9.
disqualify only such athlete or athletes who, in his opinion, were

responsible for the false start. This may result in more than one
athlete being warned or disqualified. If the false start is not due to any
athlete, no warnings shall be given and a green card shall be shown
to all the athletes.
The Starter or any Recaller, who is of the opinion that the start was
not a fair one, shall recall the athletes by firing a gun.
1000m, 2000m, 3000m, 5000m and 10,000m

10. When there are more than 12 athletes in a race, they may be divided
into two groups with one group of approximately two thirds of the
athletes on the regular arced start line and the other group on a
separate arced start line marked across the outer half of the track. The
other group shall run as far as the end of the first bend on the outer
half of the track, which shall be marked by cones or flags as described
in Rule 160.1.
The separate arced start line shall be positioned in such a way that all
the athletes shall run the same distance.
The breakline for 800m described in Rule 163.5 indicates where the
athletes in the outer group in 2000m and 10,000m may join the
athletes using regular start. The track shall be marked at the beginning
of the finish straight for group starts in 1000m, 3000m and 5000m to
indicate where athletes starting in the outer group may join the
athletes using the regular start. This mark may be a 50mm 50mm
mark on the line between lanes 4 and 5 (lanes 3 and 4 in a six-lane
track) immediately before which a cone or flag is placed until the two
groups converge.
RULE 163
The Race
1.
The direction of running and walking on the oval track shall be lefthand inside. The lanes shall be numbered with the left-hand inside
lane numbered 1.
Obstruction
2. If an athlete is jostled or obstructed during an event so as to impede
his progress, then:
(a) if the jostling or obstruction is considered unintentional or is
caused otherwise than by an athlete, the Referee may, if he is of
the opinion that an athlete (or his team) was seriously affected,
order that the race be re-held or allow the affected athlete (or
team) to compete in a subsequent round of the event;
RULES 162, 163
158
(b) if another athlete is found by the Referee to be responsible for the

jostling or obstruction, such athlete (or his team) shall be liable
to disqualification from that event. The Referee may, if he is of
the opinion that an athlete (or his team) was seriously affected,
order that the race be re-held excluding any disqualified athlete
(or team) or allow any affected athlete (or team) (other than any
disqualified athlete or team) to compete in a subsequent round of
the event.
In both cases Rule 163.2(a) and (b), such athlete (or team) should
normally have completed the event with bona fide effort.
Lane Infringement
3. (a) In all races run in lanes, each athlete shall keep within his
allocated lane from start to finish. This shall also apply to any
portion of a race run in lanes.
(b) In all races (or any part of races) not run in lanes, an athlete
running on a bend, on the outer half of the track as per Rule
162.10, or on any curved part of the diversion from the track for
the steeplechase water jump, shall not step or run on or inside the
kerb or line marking the applicable border (the inside of the
track, the outer half of the track, or any curved part of the
diversion from the track for the steeplechase water jump).
Except as stated in Rule 163.4, if the Referee is satisfied, on the report
of a Judge or Umpire or otherwise, that an athlete has violated this
Rule, he shall be disqualified.
4. An athlete shall not be disqualified if he
(a) is pushed or forced by another person to step or run outside his
lane or on or inside the kerb or line marking the applicable
border, or
(b) steps or runs outside his lane in the straight, any straight part of
the diversion from the track for the steeplechase water jump or
outside the outer line of his lane on the bend,
with no material advantage thereby being gained and no other athlete
being jostled or obstructed so as to impede his progress.
Note: Material advantage includes improving his position by any
means, including removing himself from a boxed position in the
race by having stepped or run inside the inside edge of the track.
5. In competitions held under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c) and (f), the 800m
event shall be run in lanes as far as the nearer edge of the breakline
where athletes may leave their respective lanes.
The breakline shall be an arced line marked after the first bend, 50mm
wide, across all lanes other than lane 1. To assist athletes identify the
159
RULE 163
breakline, small cones or prisms, 50mm 50mm and no more than

0.15m high, preferably of different colour from the breakline and the
lane lines, shall be placed on the lane lines immediately before the
intersection of the lane lines and the breakline.
Note: In international matches, countries may agree not to use lanes.
Leaving the Track
6. An athlete, after voluntarily leaving the track, shall not be allowed to
continue in the race and shall be recorded as not finishing the event.
Should the athlete attempt to re-enter the race, he shall be disqualified
by the Referee.
Check-Marks
7. Except when all or the first portion of a Relay Race is being run in
lanes, athletes may not make check-marks or place objects on or
alongside the running track for their assistance.
Wind Measurement
8. All wind gauge equipment shall have been certified by the IAAF and
the accuracy of the gauge used shall have been verified by an
appropriate organisation accredited by the national measurement
authority, such that all measurements can be traced back to national
and international measurement standards.
9. Non-mechanical wind gauges shall be used at all International
Competitions under Rules 1.1(a) to (h) and for any performance
submitted for ratification as a World Record (as defined in Rule
260.8).
A mechanical wind gauge should have appropriate protection to
reduce the impact of any crosswind. Where tubes are used, their
length on either side of the measuring device should be at least twice
the diameter of the tube.
10. The wind gauge for Track Events shall be placed beside the straight,
adjacent to lane 1, 50m from the finish line. It shall be positioned
1.22m high and not more than 2m away from the track.
11. The wind gauge may be started and stopped automatically and/or
remotely, and the information conveyed directly to the competition
computer.
12. The periods for which the wind velocity shall be measured from the
flash / smoke of the Starters gun are as follows:
RULE 163
160
100m
100m Hurdles
110m Hurdles
Seconds
10
13
13
In the 200m event, the wind velocity shall be measured for a period
of 10 seconds commencing when the first athlete enters the straight.
13. The wind gauge shall be read in metres per second, rounded to the
next higher tenth of a metre per second, unless the second decimal is
zero, in the positive direction (that is, a reading of +2.03 metres per
second shall be recorded as +2.1; a reading of -2.03 metres per second
shall be recorded as -2.0). Gauges that produce digital readings
expressed in tenths of metres per second shall be constructed so as to
comply with this Rule.
RULE 164
The Finish
1.
2.
3.
The finish of a race shall be denoted by a white line 50mm wide.

Note: In the case of events finishing outside the stadium, the finish
line may be up to 0.30m in width and maybe of any colour contrasting
distinctively with the surface of the finish area.
The athletes shall be placed in the order in which any part of their
bodies (i.e. torso, as distinguished from the head, neck, arms, legs,
hands or feet) reaches the vertical plane of the nearer edge of the
finish line as defined above.
In any race decided on the basis of the distance covered in a fixed
period of time, the Starter shall fire the gun exactly one minute before
the end of the race to warn athletes and Judges that the race is nearing
its end. The Starter shall be directed by the Chief Timekeeper and, at
exactly the appropriate time after the start, he shall signal the end of
the race by again firing the gun. At the moment the gun is fired to
signal the end of the race, the Judges appointed for that purpose shall
mark the exact spot where each athlete touched the track for the last
time before or simultaneously with the firing of the gun.
The distance achieved shall be measured to the nearest metre behind
this mark. At least one Judge shall be assigned to each athlete before
the start of the race for the purpose of marking the distance achieved.
161
RULES 163, 164
RULE 165
Timing and Photo Finish
1.
2.
3.
Three alternative methods of timekeeping shall be recognised as

official:
(a) Hand Timing;
(b) Fully Automatic Timing obtained from a Photo Finish System;
(c) Timing provided by a Transponder System for competitions held
under Rules 230 (races not held completely in the stadium), 240
and 250 only.
The time shall be taken to the moment at which any part of the body
of an athlete (i.e. torso, as distinguished from the head, neck, arms,
legs, hands or feet) reaches the vertical plane of the nearer edge of the
finish line.
Times for all finishers shall be recorded. In addition, whenever
possible, lap times in races of 800m and over and intermediate times
at every 1000m in races of 3000m and over shall be recorded.
Hand Timing
4. The Timekeepers shall be in line with the finish and, where possible,
they should be placed at least 5m from the outside lane of the track.
In order that they may all have a good view of the finish line, an
elevated stand should be provided.
5. Timekeepers shall use manually operated electronic timers with
digital readouts. All such timing devices are termed watches for
the purpose of the Rules.
6. The lap and intermediate times as per Rule 165.3 shall be recorded
either, by designated members of the timekeeping team using watches
capable of taking more than one time, or by additional Timekeepers.
7. The time shall be taken from the flash / smoke of the gun.
8. Three official Timekeepers (one of whom shall be the Chief
Timekeeper) and one or two additional Timekeepers shall time the
winner of every event. (For Combined Events, see Rule 200.8b).) The
times recorded by the additional Timekeepers watches shall not be
considered unless one or more of the official Timekeepers watches
fail to record the time correctly, in which case the additional
Timekeepers shall be called upon, in such order as has been decided
previously, so that in all the races, three watches should have recorded
the official winning time.
9. Each Timekeeper shall act independently and without showing his
watch to, or discussing his time with, any other person, shall enter
his time on the official form and, after signing it, hand it to the Chief
RULE 165
162
Timekeeper who may examine the watches to verify the reported

times.
10. For all hand-timed races, times shall be read and recorded as follows:
(a) For races on the track, unless the time is an exact 0.1 second, the
time shall be converted and recorded to the next longer 0.1
second, e.g. 10.11 shall be recorded as 10.2.
(b) For races partly or entirely outside the stadium, unless the time
is an exact whole second, the time shall be converted and
recorded to the next longer whole second, e.g. 2:09:44.3 shall
be recorded as 2:09:45.
11. If, after converting as indicated above, two of the three watches agree
and the third disagrees, the time recorded by the two shall be the
official time. If all three watches disagree, the middle time shall be
official. If only two times are available and they disagree, the longer
time shall be official.
12. The Chief Timekeeper, acting in accordance with the Rules
mentioned above, shall decide the official time for each athlete and
provide the result to the Competition Secretary for distribution.
Fully Automatic Timing and Photo Finish System
13. Fully Automatic Timing and Photo Finish System approved by IAAF
should be used at all competitions.
The System
14. To be approved by the IAAF, a system must have been tested, and
have a certificate of accuracy issued within 4 years of the
competition, including the following:
(a) The System must record the finish through a camera positioned
in the extension of the finish line, producing a composite image.
(i) For competitions under Rule 1.1, this composite image must
be composed of at least 1000 images per second.
(ii) For other competitions, this composite image must be
composed of at least 100 images per second.
In each case, the image must be synchronised with a uniformly
marked time-scale graduated in 0.01 seconds.
(b) The System shall be started automatically by the Starters signal,
so that the overall delay between the report from the muzzle or
its equivalent visual indication and the start of the timing system
is constant and equal to or less than 0.001 second.
15. In order to confirm that the camera is correctly aligned and to
facilitate the reading of the Photo Finish image, the intersection of
the lane lines and the finish line shall be coloured black in a suitable
163
RULE 165
design. Any such design must be solely confined to the intersection,

for no more than 20mm beyond, and not extended before, the leading
edge of the finish line.
16. The placing of the athletes shall be identified from the image by
means of a cursor with its reading line guaranteed to be perpendicular
to the time scale.
17. The System must automatically determine and record the finish times
of the athletes and must be able to produce a printed image which
shows the time of every athlete.
18. A system which operates automatically at either the start or the finish,
but not at both, shall be considered to produce neither Hand nor Fully
Automatic Times and shall not therefore be used to obtain official
times. In this case, the times read on the image will not, under any
circumstances, be considered as official, but the image may be used
as a valid support in order to determine positions and adjust time
intervals between athletes.
Note: If the timing mechanism is not started by the Starters signal,
the time-scale on the image shall indicate this fact automatically.
Operation
19. The Chief Photo Finish Judge shall be responsible for the functioning
of the System. Before the start of the competition, he will meet the
technical staff involved and familiarise himself with the equipment.
In cooperation with the Track Referee and the Starter, he shall initiate
a zero control test, before the beginning of each session, to ensure
that the equipment is started automatically by the Starters signal
within the limit identified in Rule 165.14(b) (i.e. equal to or less than
0.001 second).
He shall supervise the testing of the equipment and ensure that the
camera(s) is (are) correctly aligned.
20. There should be at least two photo finish cameras in action, one from
each side. Preferably, these timing systems should be technically
independent, i.e. with different power supplies and recording and
relaying of the Starters signal, by separate equipment and cables.
Note: Where two or more Photo Finish cameras are used, one should
be designated as official by the Technical Delegate (or International
Photo Finish Judge where appointed) before the start of the
competition. The times and places from the images of the other
camera(s) should not be considered unless there is reason to doubt
the accuracy of the official camera or if there is need to use the
supplementary images to resolve uncertainties in the finishing order
RULE 165
164
(i.e. athletes wholly or partially obscured on the image from the

official camera).
21. In conjunction with an adequate number of assistants, the Chief Photo
Finish Judge shall determine the placing of the athletes and, as a
consequence, their official times. He shall ensure that these results
are correctly entered in or transferred to the competition results
system and conveyed to the Competition Secretary.
22. Times from Photo Finish System shall be regarded as official unless
for any reason the appropriate official decides that they obviously
must be inaccurate. If such is the case, the times of the back-up
Timekeepers, if possible adjusted based on information on time
intervals obtained from the Photo Finish image, shall be official. Such
back-up Timekeepers must be appointed where any possibility exists
of failure of the timing system.
23. Times shall be read and recorded from the Photo Finish image as
follows:
(a) For all races up to and including 10,000m, the time shall be read,
converted and recorded to 0.01 second. Unless the time is an
exact 0.01 second, it shall be converted and recorded to the next
longer 0.01 second.
(b) For all races on the track longer than 10,000m, the time shall be
read, converted to 0.01 second and recorded to 0.1 second. All
read times not ending in zero shall be converted and recorded to
the next longer 0.1 second, e.g. 59:26.32 shall be recorded as
59:26.4.
(c) For all races held partly or entirely outside the stadium, the time
shall be read, converted to 0.01 second and recorded to the whole
second. All read times not ending in two zeroes shall be
converted and recorded to the next longer whole second, e.g.
2:09:44.32 shall be recorded as 2:09:45.
Transponder System
24. The use of Transponder Timing Systems approved by IAAF in events
held under Rules 230 (races not held completely in the stadium), 240
and 250 is permitted provided that:
(a) None of the equipment used at the start, along the course or at the
finish line constitutes a significant obstacle or barrier to the
progress of an athlete.
(b) The weight of the transponder and its housing carried on the
athletes uniform, bib or shoe is not significant.
(c) The System is started by the Starters gun or synchronised with
the start signal.
165
RULE 165
(d) The System requires no action by an athlete during the

competition, at the finish or at any stage in the result processing.
(e) For all races, the time shall be converted to 0.1 second and
recorded to the whole second. All read times not ending in zero
shall be converted and recorded to the next longer whole second,
e.g. 2:09:44.3 shall be recorded as 2:09:45.
Note: The official time shall be the time elapsed between the
firing of the starting gun (or the synchronised start signal) and
the athlete reaching the finish line. However, the time elapsed
between an athlete crossing the start line and the finish line can
be made known to him, but will not be considered an official
time.
(f) Whilst the determination of the finishing order and times may
be considered official, Rules 164.2 and 165.2 may be applied
where necessary.
Note: It is recommended that judges and/or video recording(s)
also be provided to assist in determining the finishing order.
25. The Chief Transponder Timing Judge shall be responsible for the
functioning of the System. Before the start of the competition, he will
meet the technical staff involved and familiarise himself with the
equipment. He shall supervise the testing of the equipment and ensure
that the passing of the transponder over the finish line will record the
athletes finish time. In conjunction with the Referee, he shall ensure
that provision is made for the application, when necessary, of Rule
165.24(f).
RULE 166
Seedings, Draws and Qualification in Track Events
Rounds and Heats
1. Preliminary rounds shall be held in Track Events in which the number
of athletes is too large to allow the competition to be conducted
satisfactorily in a single round (final). Where preliminary rounds are
held, all athletes must compete in, and qualify through, all such
rounds except that at the discretion of the body having the control
over a competition, under Rule 1.1 (a), (b), (c) and (f), there may be
a preliminary qualification round that is limited to athletes who have
not met the entry standard(s) for the competition.
2. The preliminary rounds shall be arranged by the appointed Technical
Delegates. If no Technical Delegates have been appointed they shall
be arranged by the Organising Committee.
RULES 165, 166
166
The following tables shall, in the absence of extraordinary

circumstances, be used to determine the number of rounds, and the
number of heats in each round, to be held and the qualification
procedure, i.e. those to advance by place (P) and time (T), for each
round of Track Events:
100m, 200m, 400m, 100m H, 110m H, 400m H
Declared First Round
Second Round
Entries
Heats P
T
Heats P
T
9-16
2
3
2
17-24
3
2
2
25-32
4
3
4
33-40
5
4
4
41-48
6
3
6
49-56
7
3
3
57-64
8
3
8
4
3
4
65-72
9
3
5
4
3
4
73-80
10
3
2
4
3
4
81-88
11
3
7
5
3
1
89-96
12
3
4
5
3
1
97-104
13
3
9
6
3
6
105-112 14
3
6
6
3
6
800m, 4 100m, Medley Relay, 4 400m
Second Round
Entries
Heats P
T
Heats P
T
9-16
2
3
2
17-24
3
2
2
25-32
4
3
4
33-40
5
4
4
41-48
6
3
6
49-56
7
3
3
57-64
8
2
8
65-72
9
3
5
4
3
4
73-80
10
3
2
4
3
4
81-88
11
3
7
5
3
1
89-96
12
3
4
5
3
1
97-104
13
3
9
6
3
6
105-112 14
3
6
6
3
6
167
Semi-Finals
Heats P
T
2
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
2
2
2
4
4
4
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Semi-Finals
Heats P
T
2
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
4
4
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
RULE 166
1500m
Declared
Entries
16-30
31-45
46-60
61-75
First Round
Heats P
T
2
4
4
3
6
6
4
5
4
5
4
4
2000m SC, 3000m, 3000m SC

Entries
Heats P
T
20-34
2
5
5
35-51
3
7
5
52-68
4
5
6
69-85
5
4
6
5000m
Declared
Entries
21-40
41-60
61-80
81-100
First Round
Heats P
T
2
5
5
3
8
6
4
6
6
5
5
5
10,000m
Declared
Entries
28-54
55-81
82-108
First Round
Heats P
T
2
8
4
3
5
5
4
4
4
Second Round
Heats P
T
Semi-Finals
Heats P
T
2
2
2
Second Round
Heats P
T
2
2
2
Semi-Finals
Heats P
T
2
2
2
Second Round
Heats P
T
5
5
5
6
6
6
3
3
3
Semi-Finals
Heats P
T
2
2
2
6
6
6
3
3
3
Whenever possible, representatives of each nation or team and the

best performed athletes shall be placed in different heats in all
preliminary rounds of the competition. In applying this Rule after the
first round, exchanges of athletes between heats should normally only
be made where athletes are of similar ranking under Rule 166.3.
Note (i): When heats are being arranged, it is recommended that as
much information as possible about the performances of all athletes
RULE 166
168
should be considered and the heats drawn so that, normally, the best
performers reach the final.
Note (ii): For World Championships and Olympic Games, alternate
tables may be included in the relevant Technical Regulations.
Ranking and Composition of Heats
3. (a) For the first round, the athletes shall be placed in heats using the
zigzag distribution with the seeding determined from the relevant
list of valid performances achieved during the predetermined
period.
(b) After the first round, the athletes shall be placed in the heats of
subsequent rounds in accordance with the following procedures:
(i) for events of 100m to 400m inclusive, and relays up to and
including 4 400m, seeding shall be based upon placings
and times of each previous round. For this purpose, athletes
shall be ranked as follows:
Fastest heat winner
2nd fastest heat winner
3rd fastest heat winner, etc.
Fastest 2nd place
2nd fastest 2nd place
3rd fastest 2nd place, etc.
(Concluding with)
Fastest time qualifier
2nd fastest time qualifier
3rd fastest time qualifier, etc.
(ii) for other events, the original performance lists shall
continue to be used for seeding, modified only by
improvements in performances achieved during the earlier
round(s).
(c) The athletes shall then be placed in heats in the order of seeding
in a zigzag distribution, e.g. three heats will consist of the
following seedings:
A
1
6
7
12
13
18
19
24
B
2
5
8
11
14
17
20
23
C
3
4
9
10
15
16
21
22
In all cases, the order in which heats are to be run shall be determined
by draw after the composition of the heats has been decided.
169
RULE 166
Draw for Lanes

4. For events 100m to 800m inclusive, and relays up to and including
4 400m, where there are several successive rounds of a race, lanes
will be drawn as follows:
(a) In the first round and any preliminary qualification round as per
Rule 166.1, the lane order shall be drawn by lot.
(b) For the following rounds, athletes shall be ranked after each
round in accordance with the procedure shown in Rule
166.3(b)(i) or, in the case of 800m, 166.3(b)(ii).
Three draws will then be made:
(i) one for the four highest ranked athletes or teams to
determine placings in lanes 3, 4, 5 and 6;
(ii) another for the fifth and sixth ranked athletes or teams to
determine placings in lanes 7 and 8, and
(iii) another for the two lowest ranked athletes or teams to
determine placings in lanes 1 and 2.
Note (i): When there are fewer or more than 8 lanes, the above system
with the necessary modifications should be followed.
Note (ii): In competitions under Rules 1.1(d) to (j), the 800m event
may be run with one or two athletes in each lane, or with group start
behind an arced line. In competitions under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c) and
(f), this should normally be applied only in the first round, unless
because of ties or advancement by the Referee, there are more
athletes in a heat of a subsequent round than were anticipated.
Note (iii): In any 800 metres race, including a final, where for any
reason there are more athletes competing than lanes available, the
Technical Delegate(s) shall determine in which lanes more than one
athlete will be drawn.
Note (iv): When there are more lanes than athletes, the inside lane(s)
should always remain free.
5. An athlete shall not be allowed to compete in a heat or lane other than
the one in which his name appears, except in circumstances which, in
the opinion of the Referee, justify an alteration.
6. In all preliminary rounds, at least the first and second places in each
heat shall qualify for the next round and it is recommended that,
where possible, at least three in each heat should qualify.
Except where Rule 167 applies, any other athletes may qualify by
place or by time according to Rule 166.2, the particular Technical
Regulations, or as determined by the Technical Delegate(s). When
athletes are qualified according to their times, only one system of
timing may be applied.
RULE 166
170
7.
The following minimum times must be allowed, when practicable,

between the last heat of any round and the first heat of a subsequent
round or final:
Up to and including 200m
45 minutes
Over 200m up to and including 1000m
90 minutes
Over 1000m
Not on the same day
Single Rounds
8. In competitions under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c) and (f), for events longer
than 800m, relays longer than 4 400m and any event where only a
single round (final) is required, lanes / starting positions shall be
drawn by lot.
RULE 167
Ties
1.
2.
If the Judges or the Photo Finish Judges are unable to separate the
athletes for any place according to Rules 164.2, 165.18, 165.21 or
165.24 (as may be applicable), it shall be determined to be a tie and
the tie shall remain.
In determining whether there has been a tie between athletes in
different heats for a ranking position according to Rule 166.3(b) or for
the last qualifying position for a subsequent round based on time, the
Chief Photo Finish Judge shall consider the actual times recorded by
the athletes to 0.001 second. If it is thus (or according to 167.1)
determined that there has been a tie for a ranking position the tie shall
be broken by draw. Where there is a tie for the last qualifying position
for a subsequent round based on time or place, the tying athletes shall
be placed in the next round or, if that is not practicable, lots shall be
drawn to determine who shall be placed in the next round.
Note: Where qualifying for the next round is based on place and time
(e.g., the first three in each of two heats plus the next two fastest),
and there is a tie for the last qualifying position based on place,
placing the tied athletes in the next round shall reduce the number of
athletes qualifying based on time.
RULE 168
Hurdle Races
1.
The standard distances shall be:

Men, Junior Men and Youth Boys:
Women, Junior Women and Youth Girls:
171
110m, 400m
100m, 400m
RULES 166, 167, 168
There shall be ten flights of hurdles in each lane, set out in accordance
with the following table:
Men, Junior Men and Youth Boys
Distance from
Distance from
Distance
last hurdle to
Distance of race start line to first
between hurdles
hurdle
finish line
110m
13.72m
9.14m
14.02m
400m
45.00m
35.00m
40.00m
Women, Junior Women and Youth Girls
Distance from
Distance from
Distance
last hurdle to
Distance of race start line to first
between hurdles
finish line
hurdle
100m
13.00m
8.50m
10.50m
400m
45.00m
35.00m
40.00m
Figure 2 - Example of a hurdle
RULE 168
172
2.
3.
Each hurdle shall be so placed on the track that the feet shall be on the
side of the approach by the athlete. The hurdle shall be so placed that
the vertical plane of the side of the bar nearest the approaching
hurdler coincides with the track marking nearest the athlete.
The hurdles shall be made of metal or some other suitable material
with the top bar of wood or other suitable material. They shall consist
of two feet and two uprights supporting a rectangular frame,
reinforced by one or more cross bars, the uprights to be fixed at the
extreme end of each base. The hurdle shall be of such a design that a
force at least equal to the weight of 3.6kg applied horizontally to the
centre of the top edge of the top bar is required to tilt it. The hurdle
may be adjustable in height for each event. The counterweights shall
be adjustable so that at each height a force at least equal to the weight
of 3.6kg and not more than 4kg is required to tilt it.
The maximum horizontal deflection of the top bar of a hurdle
(including any deflection of the uprights) when subject to a centrally
applied force equal to the weight of 10kg shall not exceed 35 mm.
Dimensions: The standard heights of the hurdles shall be:
Distance
Men
Junior Men
110m/100m 1.067m 0.991m

400m
0.914m 0.914m
4.
5.
6.
7.
Youth Boys
Women/Junior
Youth Girls
0.914m
0.838m
0.838m
0.762m
0.762m
0.762m
Note: Due to manufacturing varieties, hurdles up to 1.000m are also

acceptable in the Junior 110m Hurdles.
In each case, there shall be a tolerance allowance of 3mm, above and
below the standard heights, to allow for variation in the manufacture.
The width of the hurdles shall be from 1.18m to 1.20m. The
maximum length of the base shall be 0.70m. The total weight of the
hurdles shall be not less than 10kg.
The height of the top bar shall be 70mm 5mm. The thickness of
this bar should be between 10mm and 25mm, and the top edges
should be rounded. The bar should be firmly fixed at the extremities.
The top bar should be painted with white and black stripes, or with
other strong distinctive contrasting colours (and also in contrast with
the surrounding environment), such that the lighter stripes, which
should be at least 0.225m wide are on the outside.
All races shall be run in lanes and each athlete shall keep to his own
lane throughout, except as provided in Rule 163.4.
Each athlete shall jump each hurdle. Failure to do so will result in a
disqualification.
In addition, an athlete shall be disqualified, if:
173
RULE 168
8.
9.
(a) his foot or leg is, at the instant of clearance, beside the hurdle
(on either side), below the horizontal plane of the top of any
hurdle; or
(b) in the opinion of the Referee, he deliberately knocks down any
hurdle.
Except as provided in Rule 168.7(b), the knocking down of hurdles
shall not result in disqualification nor prevent a Record being made.
For a World Record, all hurdles must comply with the specifications
of this Rule.
RULE 169
Steeplechase Races
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The standard distances shall be: 2000m and 3000m.

There shall be 28 hurdle jumps and 7 water jumps included in the
3000m event, and 18 hurdle jumps and 5 water jumps in the 2000m
event.
For the steeplechase events, there shall be five jumps in each lap after
the finish line has been passed for the first time, with the water jump
as the fourth. The jumps should be evenly distributed, so that the
distance between the jumps shall be approximately one fifth of the
nominal length of the lap.
Note (i): Adjustment to the hurdle spacing may be necessary to ensure
that safe distances from a hurdle / start line and to the next hurdle are
maintained before and after the finish line respectively, as indicated
in the IAAF Track and Field Facilities Manual.
Note (ii): In the 2000m event, if the water jump is on the inside of the
track, the finish line has to be passed twice before the first lap with
five jumps.
In the 3000m event, the distance from the start to the beginning of the
first lap shall not include any jumps, the hurdles being removed until
the athletes have entered the first lap. In the 2000m event, the first
jump is at the third hurdle of a normal lap. The previous hurdles shall
be removed until the athletes have passed them for the first time.
The hurdles shall be 0.914m 0.003m high for mens / boys events
and 0.762m 0.003m for womens / girls events and shall be at least
3.94m wide. The section of the top bar of the hurdles, and the hurdle
at the water jump, shall be 0.127m square.
The weight of each hurdle shall be between 80kg and 100kg. Each
hurdle shall have on either side a base between 1.2m and 1.4m (see
Figure 3).
RULES 168, 169
174
Figure 3 - Example of a steeplechase hurdle
6.
The hurdle at the water jump shall be 3.66m 0.02m wide, and shall
be firmly fixed to the ground, so that no horizontal movement is
possible.
The top bars should be painted with white and black stripes, or with
other strong distinctive contrasting colours (and also in contrast with
the surrounding environment), such that the lighter stripes, which
should be at least 0.225m wide, are on the outside.
The hurdle shall be placed on the track so that 0.30m of the top bar
will extend inside the inner edge of the track.
Note: It is recommended that the first hurdle taken in the race should
be at least 5m in width.
The water jump, including the hurdle, shall be 3.66m 0.02m in
length and the water pit shall be 3.66m 0.02m in width.
The bottom of the water pit shall consist of a synthetic surface, or
matting, of sufficient thickness to ensure safe landing, and allow for
the spikes to grip satisfactorily. The depth of the water closest to the
hurdle shall be 0.70m for approximately 0.30m. From there, the
bottom shall have a uniform slope upwards to the level of the track
at the farther end of the water pit. At the start of a race, the surface of
the water shall be level with the surface of the track within a margin
of 20mm.
Note: The depth of the water in the pit from the track surface level
may be reduced from 0.70m maximum down to 0.50m minimum. The
uniform slope of the bottom of the water shall be maintained as shown
in Figure 4. It is recommended that all new water pits be constructed
to the shallower depth.
175
RULES 169
Figure 4 - Water jump
7.
Each athlete shall go over or through the water and shall jump each
hurdle. Failure to do so will result in a disqualification.
In addition, an athlete shall be disqualified, if
(a) he steps to the one side or other of the water jump, or
(b) his foot or leg is, at the instant of clearance, beside the hurdle (on
either side), below the horizontal plane of the top of any hurdle.
Provided this Rule is observed, an athlete may go over each hurdle in
any manner.
RULE 170
Relay Races
1.
The standard distances shall be: 4 100m, 4 200m, 100m-200m300m-400m Medley Relay (Medley Relay), 4 400m, 4 800m,
4 1500m.
Note: The Medley Relay may be run with the legs in a different order
in which case the appropriate adjustments should be made to the
application of Rules 170.14, 170.18, 170.19 and 170.20.
RULES 169, 170
176
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Lines 50mm wide shall be drawn across the track to mark the
distances of the legs and to denote the scratch line.
Each takeover zone shall be 20m long of which the scratch line is the
centre. The zones shall start and finish at the edges of the zone lines
nearest the start line in the running direction. For each takeover
conducted in lanes, a designated official shall ensure that the athletes
are correctly placed in their takeover zone and are aware of any
applicable acceleration zone. The designated official shall also ensure
that Rule 170.4 is observed.
When all or the first portion of a Relay Race is being run in lanes, an
athlete may place one check-mark on the track within his own lane,
by using adhesive tape, maximum 5cm 40cm, of a distinctive colour
which cannot be confused with other permanent markings. No other
check-mark may be used.
The relay baton shall be a smooth hollow tube, circular in section,
made of wood, metal or any other rigid material in one piece, the
length of which shall be 0.28m to 0.30m. The outside diameter shall
be 40mm 2mm and it shall not weigh less than 50g. It should be
coloured so as to be easily visible during the race.
(a) The baton shall be carried by hand throughout the race.
(b) Athletes are not permitted to wear gloves or to place material
(other than those permitted by Rule 144.4(c)) or substances on
their hands in order to obtain a better grip of the baton.
(c) If dropped, the baton shall be recovered by the athlete who
dropped it. He may leave his lane to retrieve it provided that, by
doing so, he does not lessen the distance to be covered. In
addition, where the baton is dropped in such a way that it moves
sideways or forward in the direction of running (including
beyond the finish line), the athlete who dropped it, after
retrieving it, must return at least to the point where it was last in
his hand, before continuing in the race. Provided these
procedures are adopted where applicable and no other athlete is
impeded, dropping the baton shall not result in disqualification.
If an athlete does not follow this Rule, his team shall be disqualified.
The baton shall be passed within the takeover zone. The passing of
the baton commences when it is first touched by the receiving athlete
and is completed the moment it is in the hand of only the receiving
athlete. In relation to the takeover zone, it is only the position of the
baton which is decisive. Passing of the baton outside the takeover
zone shall result in disqualification.
177
RULE 170
8.
9.
10.
11.
12
13.
14.
15.
Athletes, before receiving and/or after handing over the baton, should
keep in their lanes or maintain position until the course is clear to
avoid obstruction to other athletes. Rules 163.3 and 163.4 shall not
apply to these athletes. If an athlete wilfully impedes a member of
another team by running out of position or lane at the finish of his
leg, his team shall be disqualified.
Assistance by pushing or by any other method shall result in
disqualification.
Each member of a relay team may run one leg only. Any four athletes
from among those entered for the competition, whether for that or
any other event, may be used in the composition of the relay team for
any round. However, once a relay team has started in a competition,
only two additional athletes may be used as substitutes in the
composition of the team. If a team does not follow this Rule, it shall
be disqualified.
The composition of a team and the order of running for a relay shall
be officially declared no later than one hour before the published first
call time for the first heat of each round of the competition. Further
alterations must be verified by a medical officer appointed by the
Organising Committee and may be made only until the final call time
for the particular heat in which the team is competing. If a team does
not follow this Rule, it shall be disqualified.
The 4 100m race shall be run entirely in lanes.
The 4 200m race may be run in any of the following ways:
(a) where possible, entirely in lanes (four bends in lanes),
(b) in lanes for the first two legs, as well as that part of the third leg up
to the nearer edge of the breakline described in Rule 163.5, where
athletes may leave their respective lanes (three bends in lanes),
(c) in lanes for the first leg up to the nearer edge of the breakline
described in Rule 163.5, where athletes may leave their
respective lanes (one bend in lanes).
Note: Where not more than four teams are competing and option (a)
is not possible, it is recommended that option (c) should be used.
The Medley Relay race should be run in lanes for the first two legs,
as well as that part of the third leg up to the nearer edge of the
breakline described in Rule 163.5, where athletes may leave their
respective lanes (two bends in lanes).
The 4 400m race may be run in either of the following ways:
(a) in lanes for the first leg, as well as that part of the second leg up
to the nearer edge of the breakline described in Rule 163.5, where
athletes may leave their respective lanes (three bends in lanes),
RULE 170
178
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
(b) in lanes for the first leg up to the nearer edge of the breakline
respective lanes (one bend in lanes).
Note: Where not more than four teams are competing, it is
recommended that option (b) should be used.
The 4 800m race may be run in either of the following ways:
(a) in lanes for the first leg up to the nearer edge of the breakline
respective lanes (one bend in lanes),
(b) without the use of lanes.
The 4 1500m race shall be run without the use of lanes.
In the 4 100m and 4 200m races, athletes other than the first, and
in the Medley Relay, the second and third athletes, may commence
running not more than 10m outside the takeover zone (see Rule
170.3). A distinctive mark shall be made in each lane to denote this
extended limit. If an athlete does not follow this Rule, his team shall
be disqualified.
For the final takeover in the Medley Relay and in the 4 400m,
4 800m and 4 1500m races, athletes are not permitted to begin
running outside their takeover zones, and shall start within this zone.
If an athlete does not follow this Rule, his team shall be disqualified.
In the Medley Relay, the athletes running the final leg and in the
4 400m race, the athletes running the third and fourth legs shall,
under the direction of a designated official, place themselves in their
waiting position in the same order (inside to out) as the order of their
respective team members as they enter the last bend. Once the
incoming athletes have passed this point, the waiting athletes shall
maintain their order, and shall not exchange positions at the beginning
of the takeover zone. If an athlete does not follow this Rule, his team
Note: In the 4 200m race (if this event is not run entirely in lanes)
where the previous leg in not run in lanes, the athletes shall line up
in the order of the start list (inside to out).
In any race, when lanes are not being used, including when
applicable, in 4 200m, the Medley Relay and 4 400m, waiting
athletes can take an inner position on the track as incoming team
members approach, provided they do not jostle or obstruct another
athlete so as to impede his progress. In 4 200m, the Medley Relay
and 4 400m, waiting athletes shall maintain the order in accordance
with Rule 170.20. If an athlete does not follow this Rule, his team
179
RULE 170
SECTION IV - FIELD EVENTS

RULE 180
General Conditions Field Events
Practice Trials at the Competition Area
1. At the competition area and before the beginning of the event, each
athlete may have practice trials. In the case of throwing events, the
practice trials will be in draw order and always under the supervision
of the Judges.
2. Once a competition has begun, athletes are not permitted to use, for
practice purposes, as appropriate,
(a) the runway or take-off area;
(b) vaulting poles;
(c) implements;
(d) the circles or the ground within the sector with or without
implements.
Markers
3. (a) In all Field Events where a runway is used, markers shall be
placed alongside it, except for High Jump where the markers can
be placed on the runway. An athlete may use one or two markers
(supplied or approved by the Organising Committee) to assist
him in his run-up and take-off. If such markers are not supplied,
he may use adhesive tape but not chalk or similar substance nor
anything which leaves indelible marks.
(b) For throws made from a circle, an athlete may use one marker
only. This marker may be placed only on the ground in the area
immediately behind or adjacent to the circle. It must be
temporary, in position only for the duration of each athletes own
trial, and shall not impair the view of the judges. No personal
markers may be placed in or beside the landing area.
Performance Markers
4. A distinctive flag or marker may be provided to mark the existing
World Record and, when appropriate, the existing Area, National or
Meeting Record.
Competing Order and Trials
5. The athletes shall compete in an order drawn by lot. Failure to do so
shall result in the application of Rules 125.5 and 145.2. If there is a
RULE 180
180
6.
preliminary round, there shall be a fresh drawing of lot for the final
(see also Rule 180.6).
Except for the High Jump and Pole Vault, no athlete shall have more
than one trial recorded in any one round of trials of the competition.
In all Field Events, except for the High Jump and Pole Vault, where
there are more than eight athletes, each athlete shall be allowed three
trials and the eight athletes with the best valid performances shall be
allowed three additional trials.
In the case of the last qualifying place, if two or more athletes have
the same best performances, Rule 180.22 shall be applied. If it is thus
determined that there has been a tie, the tying athletes shall be allowed
three additional trials.
Where there are eight athletes or fewer, each athlete shall be allowed
six trials. If more than one fail to achieve a valid trial during the first
three rounds of trials, such athletes shall compete in subsequent
rounds of trials before those with valid trials, in the same relative
order according to the original draw.
In both cases:
(a) the competing order for the last three rounds of trials shall be in
the reverse ranking order recorded after the first three rounds of
trials;
(b) when the competing order is to be changed and there is a tie for
any position, those tying shall compete in the same relative order
according to the original draw.
Note (i): For Vertical Jumps, see Rule 181.2
Note (ii): If one or more athlete(s) is permitted by the Referee to
continue in a competition under protest in accordance with Rule
146.5, such athletes shall compete in all subsequent rounds of trials
before all other continuing in the competition and if more than one,
in the same relative order according to the original draw.
Note (iii): It is permissible for the relevant governing body to specify
in the regulations for a competition where there are more than eight
athletes in an event, that all athletes may have four trials.
Recording of Trials
7. Trials shall be recorded as follows:
(a) except in High Jump and Pole Vault, a valid trial shall be
indicated by the measurement taken. In High Jump and Pole
Vault, it shall be indicated by the symbol O;
(b) a failure shall be indicated by the symbol X;
(c) if the athlete forgoes a trial (a pass) it shall be indicated by the
symbol -.
181
RULE 180
Completion of Trials
8. The judge shall not raise a white flag to indicate a valid trial until a
trial is completed.
The completion of a valid trial shall be determined as follows:
(a) in the case of vertical jumps, once the judge has determined that
there is no failure according to Rules 182.2, 183.2 or 183.4;
(b) in the case of horizontal jumps, once the athlete leaves the
landing area in accordance with Rule 185.2;
(c) in the case of throwing events, once the athlete leaves the circle
or runway in accordance with Rule 187.17.
Qualifying Competition (Preliminary Round)
9. A preliminary round shall be held in Field Events in which the
number of athletes is too large to allow the competition to be
conducted satisfactorily in a single round (final). When a preliminary
round is held, all athletes shall compete in, and qualify through, that
round. Performances accomplished in a preliminary round shall not
be considered as part of the final.
10. The athletes shall normally be divided into two or more groups at
random, but where possible so that representatives of each nation or
team shall be placed in different groups. Unless there are facilities
for the groups to compete at the same time and under the same
conditions, each group should start its practice trials immediately after
the previous group has finished.
11. It is recommended that, in competitions of more than three days, a rest
day be provided between qualifying competitions and the finals in
the vertical jumping events.
12. The conditions for qualifying, the qualifying standard and the number
of athletes in the final, shall be decided by the Technical Delegate(s).
If no Technical Delegate(s) have been appointed, the conditions shall
be decided by the Organising Committee. For competitions
conducted under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c) and (f), there should be at least
12 athletes in the final.
13. In a qualifying competition, apart from the High Jump and the Pole
Vault, each athlete shall be allowed up to three trials. Once an athlete
has achieved the qualifying standard, he shall not continue in the
qualifying competition.
14. In the qualifying competition for the High Jump and the Pole Vault,
the athletes, not eliminated after three consecutive failures, shall
continue to compete according to Rule 181.2 until the end of the last
trial at the height set as the qualifying standard, unless the number of
athletes for the final has been reached as defined in Rule 180.12.
RULE 180
182
15. If no athletes, or fewer than the required number of athletes, achieve

the pre-set qualifying standard, the group of finalists shall be
expanded to that number by adding athletes according to their
performances in the qualifying competition. In the case of the last
qualifying place, if two or more athletes have the same best
performances in the overall results of the competition, Rule 180.22 or
181.8 as appropriate shall be applied. If it is thus determined that there
has been a tie, the tying athletes shall be placed in the final.
16. When a qualifying competition for the High Jump and Pole Vault is
held in two simultaneous groups, it is recommended that the bar be
raised to each height at the same time in each group. It is also
recommended that the two groups be of approximately equal strength.
Obstruction
17. If, for any reason, an athlete is hampered in a trial, the Referee shall
have the authority to award him a substitute trial.
Delay
18. An athlete in a Field Event who unreasonably delays making a trial,
renders himself liable to have that trial disallowed and recorded as a
failure. It is a matter for the Referee to decide, having regard to all the
circumstances, what is an unreasonable delay.
The official responsible shall indicate to an athlete that all is ready for
the trial to begin, and the period allowed for this trial shall commence
from that moment. If an athlete subsequently decides not to attempt
a trial, it shall be considered a failure once that period allowed for
the trial has elapsed.
For the Pole Vault, the time shall begin when the crossbar has been
adjusted according to the previous wishes of the athlete. No additional
time will be allowed for further adjustment.
If the time allowed elapses after an athlete has started his trial, that
trial should not be disallowed.
The following times should not normally be exceeded:
Individual Events
Number of athletes left in the competition
High Jump
Pole Vault
More than 3
1min
1min
2 or 3
1.5min
2min
1
3min
5min
Consecutive trials
2min
3min
183
Other
1min
1min
2min
RULE 180
Combined Events
Number of athletes left in the competition
High Jump
Pole Vault
More than 3
1min
1min
2 or 3
1.5min
2min
1 or consecutive trials 2min
3min
Other
1min
1min
2min
Note (i): A clock which shows the remaining time allowed for a trial
should be visible to an athlete. In addition, an official shall raise and keep
raised, a yellow flag, or otherwise indicate, during the final 15 seconds of
the time allowed.
Note (ii): In the High Jump and Pole Vault, any change in the time period
allowed for a trial, except the time specified for consecutive trials, shall
not be applied until the bar is raised to a new height.
Note (iii): For the first trial of any athlete upon entering the competition,
the time allowed for such trial will be one minute.
Note (iv): When calculating the number of athletes remaining in the
competition this should include those athletes who could be involved in a
jump off for first place.
Absence during Competition
19. An athlete may, with the permission of, and accompanied by, an
official, leave the immediate area of the event during the progress of
the competition.
Change of Competition Area or Time
20. The Technical Delegate or appropriate Referee shall have the
authority to change the place or time of the competition if, in his
opinion, the conditions justify it. Such a change should be made only
after a round of trials has been completed.
Note: Neither the wind strength nor its change of direction is
sufficient condition to change the place nor time of the competition.
Result
21. Each athlete shall be credited with the best of all his trials, including,
in the case of High Jump and Pole Vault, those achieved in resolving
a tie for first place.
Ties
22. Except for the High Jump and Pole Vault, the second best
performance of the athletes having the same best performances shall
determine whether there has been a tie. Then, if necessary, the third
RULE 180
184
best, and so on. If the athletes are still equal following the application
of this Rule 180.22, it shall be determined to be a tie.
Except in Vertical Jumps, in the case of a tie for any place, including
first place, the tie shall remain.
Note: For Vertical Jumps, see Rules 181.8, 181.9.
185
RULE 180
A. VERTICAL JUMPS
RULE 181
General Conditions Vertical Jumps
1.
Before the competition begins, the Chief Judge shall announce to the
athletes the starting height and the subsequent heights to which the
bar will be raised at the end of each round of trials, until there is only
one athlete remaining having won the competition, or there is a tie for
first place.
Trials
2. An athlete may commence jumping / vaulting at any height
previously announced by the Chief Judge and may jump / vault at his
own discretion at any subsequent height. Three consecutive failures,
regardless of the height at which any of such failures occur, disqualify
from further jumping / vaulting except in the case of a tie for first
place.
The effect of this Rule is that an athlete may forego his second or
third trial at a particular height (after failing first or second time) and
still jump / vault at a subsequent height.
If an athlete forgoes a trial at a certain height, he may not make any
subsequent trial at that height, except in the case of a jump-off for
first place.
In the case of the High Jump and Pole Vault, if an athlete is not
present when all other athletes who are present have completed the
competition, the Referee shall deem that such athlete(s) has
abandoned the competition, once the period for one further trial has
elapsed.
3. Even after all the other athletes have failed, an athlete is entitled to
continue jumping until he has forfeited his right to compete further.
4. Unless there is only one athlete remaining and he has won the
competition:
(a) the bar shall never be raised by less than 2cm in the High Jump
and 5cm in the Pole Vault after each round of trials; and
(b) the increment of the raising of the bar shall never increase.
These Rules 181.4(a) and (b) shall not apply once the athletes still
competing agree to raise it to a World Record height directly.
After an athlete has won the competition, the height or heights to
which the bar is raised shall be decided by the athlete, in consultation
with the relevant Judge or Referee.
Note: This does not apply for a Combined Events Competition.
RULE 181
186
In a Combined Events Competition held under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c)

and (f), each increase shall be uniformly 3cm in the High Jump and
10cm in the Pole Vault throughout the competition.
Measurements
5. All measurements shall be made, in whole centimetres,
perpendicularly from the ground to the lowest part of the upper side
of the bar.
6. Any measurement of a new height shall be made before athletes
attempt such height. In all cases of Records, the Judges shall also recheck the measurement before each subsequent Record attempt if the
bar has been touched since last measured.
Crossbar
7. The crossbar shall be made of fibre-glass, or other suitable material
but not metal, circular in cross-section except for the end pieces. The
overall length of the crossbar shall be 4.00m 0.02m in the High
Jump and 4.50m 0.02m in Pole Vault. The maximum weight of the
crossbar shall be 2kg in the High Jump and 2.25kg in Pole Vault. The
diameter of the circular part of the crossbar shall be 30mm 1mm.
The crossbar shall consist of three parts - the circular bar and two end
pieces, each 30mm-35mm wide and 0.15m-0.20m long for the
purpose of resting on the supports of the uprights.
These end pieces shall be circular or semi-circular with one clearly
defined flat surface on which the bar rests on the crossbar supports.
This flat surface may not be higher than the centre of the vertical cross
section of the crossbar. The end pieces shall be hard and smooth.
They shall not be of, or covered with rubber or any other material
which has the effect of increasing the friction between them and the
supports.
The crossbar shall have no bias and, when in place, shall sag a
maximum of 20mm in the High Jump and 30mm in Pole Vault.
Control of elasticity: Hang a 3kg weight in the middle of the crossbar
when in position. It may sag a maximum of 70mm in the High Jump
and 0.11m in Pole Vault.
Figure 5 - Alternative ends for crossbar
187
RULE 181
Placings
8. If two or more athletes clear the same final height, the procedure to
decide the places will be the following:
(a) The athlete with the lowest number of jumps at the height last
cleared shall be awarded the higher place.
(b) If the athletes are equal following the application of Rule
181.8(a), the athlete with the lowest total of failures throughout
the competition up to and including the height last cleared, shall
be awarded the higher place.
(c) If the athletes are still equal following the application of Rule
181.8(b), the athletes concerned shall be awarded the same place
unless it concerns the first place.
(d) If it concerns the first place, a jump-off between these athletes
shall be conducted in accordance with Rule 181.9, unless
otherwise decided, either in advance according to the Technical
Regulations applying to the competition, or during the
competition but before the start of the event by the Technical
Delegate or the Referee if no Technical Delegate has been
appointed. If no jump-off is carried out, including where the
relevant athletes at any stage decide not to jump further, the tie
for first place shall remain.
Note: This Rule (d) will not apply to Combined Events.
Jump-off
9. (a) Athletes concerned must jump at every height until a decision is
reached or until all of the athletes concerned decide not to jump
further.
(b) Each athlete shall have one jump at each height.
(c) The jump-off shall start at the next height determined in
accordance with Rule 181.1 after the height last cleared by the
athletes concerned.
(d) If no decision is reached the bar shall be raised if more than one
athlete concerned were successful, or lowered if all of them
failed, by 2cm for the High Jump and 5cm for the Pole Vault.
(e) If an athlete is not jumping at a height he automatically forfeits
any claim to a higher place. If only one other athlete then
remains he is declared the winner regardless of whether he
attempts that height.
High Jump - Example
Heights announced by the Chief Judge at the beginning of competition:
1.75m; 1.80m; 1.84m; 1.88m; 1.91m; 1.94m; 1.97m; 1.99m
RULE 181
188

Athlete
Heights
Failures
1.75m 1.80m 1.84m 1.88m 1.91m 1.94m 1.97m
XO
XO
X-
XX
XO
XO
XO
XO
XXX
XO
XO
XO
XXX
O = Cleared
Jump Off
Pos
1.91m 1.89m 1.91m
XXX 2
X = Failed
3
4
= Did not Jump
A, B, C and D all cleared 1.88m.

Rules 181.8 and 181.9 now come into operation; the Judges add up the
total number of failures, up to and including the height last cleared, i.e.
1.88m.
D has more failures than A, B or C, and is therefore awarded
fourth place. A, B and C are still equal and as this concerns the first
place, they shall jump at 1.91m which is the next height after the height
last cleared by the athletes concerned.
As all the athletes failed, the bar is lowered to 1.89m for another jump-off.
As only C failed to clear 1.89m, the two other athletes, A and B
shall have a third jump-off at 1.91m which only B cleared and is
therefore declared the winner.
Extraneous Forces
10. When it is clear that the bar has been displaced by a force not
associated with an athlete (e.g. a gust of wind)
(a) if such displacement occurs after an athlete has cleared the bar
without touching it, then the trial shall be considered successful,
or
(b) if such displacement occurs under any other circumstance, a new
trial shall be awarded.
RULE 182
High Jump
Competition
1. An athlete shall take off from one foot.
2. An athlete fails if:
(a) After the jump, the bar does not remain on the supports because
of the action of the athlete whilst jumping; or
189
RULES 181, 182
(b) He touches the ground including the landing area beyond the
vertical plane through the nearer edge of the crossbar, either
between or outside the uprights with any part of his body,
without first clearing the bar. However, if when he jumps, an
athlete touches the landing area with his foot and in the opinion
of the Judge, no advantage is gained, the jump for that reason
should not be considered a failure.
Note: To assist in the implementation of this Rule a white line
50mm wide shall be drawn (usually by adhesive tape or similar
material) between points 3m outside of each upright, the nearer
edge of the line being drawn along the vertical plane through
the nearer edge of the crossbar.
Runway and Take-off Area
3. The minimum length of the runway shall be 15m except in
competitions held under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c), (e) and (f), where the
minimum shall be 20m. Where conditions permit, the minimum
length should be 25m.
4. The maximum overall downward inclination in the last 15m of the
runway and take-off area shall not exceed 1:250 (0.4%) along any
radius of the semi-circular area centred midway between the uprights
and having the minimum radius specified in Rule 182.3. The landing
area should be placed so that the athletes approach is up the
inclination.
5. The take-off area shall be level or any inclination shall be in
accordance with the requirements of Rule 182.4 and the IAAF Track
and Field Facilities Manual.
Apparatus
6. Any style of uprights or posts may be used, provided they are rigid.
They shall have supports for the crossbar firmly fixed to them.
They shall be sufficiently tall as to exceed the actual height to which
the crossbar is raised by at least 0.10m.
The distance between the uprights shall be not less than 4.00m nor
more than 4.04m.
7. The uprights or posts shall not be moved during the competition
unless the Referee considers that either the take-off or landing area
has become unsuitable.
In such a case, the change shall be made only after a round of trials
has been completed.
8. The crossbar supports shall be flat and rectangular, 40mm wide and
60mm long. They shall be firmly fixed to the uprights and immovable
RULE 182
190
during the jump and shall each face the opposite upright. The ends of
the crossbar shall rest on them in such a manner that, if the crossbar
is touched by an athlete, it will easily fall to the ground, either
forwards or backwards. The surface of the supports shall be smooth.
The supports shall not be of, or covered with, rubber or with any other
material which has the effect of increasing the friction between them
and the surface of the crossbar, nor may they have any kind of
springs.
The supports shall be the same height above the take-off area
immediately below each end of the crossbar.
Figure 6 - High Jump uprights and crossbar
9.
There shall be a space of at least 10mm between the ends of the

crossbar and the uprights.
Landing Area
10. For competitions under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c), (e) and (f), the landing
area shall be not smaller than 6m long x 4m wide x 0.7m high behind
the vertical plane of the crossbar. For other competitions, the landing
area should measure not less than 5m long x 3m wide x 0.7m high.
Note: The uprights and landing area should also be designed so that
there is a clearance of at least 0.1m between them when in use, to
avoid displacement of the crossbar through a movement of the
landing area causing contact with the uprights.
191
RULE 182
RULE 183
Pole Vault
Competition
1. Athletes may have the crossbar moved only in the direction of the
landing area so that the edge of the crossbar nearest the athlete can be
positioned at any point from that directly above the back end of the
box to a point 80cm in the direction of the landing area.
An athlete shall, before the competition starts, inform the appropriate
official of the position of the crossbar he requires for his first trial
and this position shall be recorded.
If subsequently an athlete wants to make any changes, he should
immediately inform the appropriate official before the crossbar has
been set in accordance with his initial wishes. Failure to do this shall
lead to the start of his time limit.
Note: A line, 10mm wide and of distinguishable colour, shall be
drawn at right angles to the axis of the runway, in line with the back
end of the box (zero line). A similar line shall appear on the
surface of the landing area and be prolonged as far as the outside
edge of the uprights.
(a) after the vault, the bar does not remain on both pegs because of
the action of an athlete whilst vaulting; or
(b) he touches the ground, including the landing area, beyond the
vertical plane through the back end of the box with any part of
his body or with the pole, without first clearing the bar; or
(c) after leaving the ground, he places his lower hand above the
upper one or moves the upper hand higher on the pole; or
(d) during the vault, he steadies or replaces the bar with his hand(s).
Note (i): It is not a failure if an athlete runs outside the white lines
marking the runway at any point.
Note (ii) It is not a failure if the pole touches the landing mats, in the
course of a trial, after properly being planted in the box.
3. Athletes may, during the competition, place a substance on their
hands or on the pole, in order to obtain a better grip. The use of gloves
is permitted.
4. After the release of the pole, no one including the athlete shall be
allowed to touch the pole unless it is falling away from the bar or
uprights. If it is touched, however, and the Referee is of the opinion
that, but for the intervention, the bar would have been knocked off,
the vault shall be recorded as a failure.
RULE 183
192
5.
If, in making a trial, an athletes pole is broken, it shall not be counted

as a failure and the vaulter shall be awarded a new trial.
Runway
6. The minimum length of the runway, measured from the zero line,
shall be 40m and where conditions permit, 45m. It shall have a width
of 1.22m 0.01m and shall be marked by white lines 50mm in width.
Note: For all tracks constructed before 1 January 2004 the runway
may have a width of maximum 1.25m.
7. The maximum lateral inclination of the runway shall be 1:100 (1%)
and in the last 40m of the runway the overall downward inclination
in the direction of running shall not exceed 1:1000 (0.1%).
Apparatus
8. The take-off for the Pole Vault shall be from a box. It shall be
constructed of suitable material, with rounded or soft upper edges
and shall be sunk level with the runway. It shall be 1.00m in length,
measured along the inside of the bottom of the box, 0.60m in width
at the front end and tapering to 0.15m in width at the bottom of the
stop board. The length of the box at runway level and the depth of the
stop board are determined by the angle of 105 formed between the
base and the stop board. (Tolerances on dimensions and angles:
0.01m and 0/ + 1 respectively.)
Figure 7 - Pole Vault box (top and side view)
193
RULE 183
The base of the box shall slope from runway level at the front end to
a vertical distance below ground level of 0.20m at the point where it
meets the stop board. The box should be constructed in such a manner
that the sides slope outwards and end next to the stop board at an
angle of approximately 120 to the base.
Note: An athlete may place padding around the box for additional
protection during any of his trials. The placement of such equipment
shall be done within the time allowed for the athletes trial and shall
be removed by the athlete immediately after his trial is completed. At
competitions under Rule 1.1 (a), (b), (c), (e) and (f) this shall be
provided by the organisers.
9. Any style of uprights or posts may be used, provided they are rigid.
The metallic structure of the base and the lower part of the uprights
above the landing area must be covered with padding of appropriate
material in order to provide protection to the athletes and the poles.
10. The crossbar shall rest on horizontal pegs so that if it is touched by
an athlete or his pole, it will fall easily to the ground in the direction
of the landing area. The pegs shall be without notches or indentations
of any kind, of uniform thickness throughout and not more than
13mm in diameter.
They shall not extend more than 55mm from the supporting members,
which shall be smooth. The vertical peg backings, which shall also be
smooth and be constructed in a way that the crossbar cannot rest on
the top of them, may extend 35mm-40mm above the pegs.
Figure 8 - Crossbar support (view from landing area and top view)
RULE 183
194
The distance between the pegs shall be 4.30m-4.37m. The pegs shall
not be of, or covered with, rubber or with any other material which
has the effect of increasing the friction between them and the surface
of the bar, nor may they have any kind of springs.
Note: To lessen the chance of injury to an athlete by his falling on the
feet of the uprights, the pegs supporting the crossbar may be placed
upon extension arms permanently attached to the uprights, thus
allowing the uprights to be placed wider apart, without increasing
the length of the crossbar (see Figure 8).
Vaulting Poles
11. Athletes may use their own poles. No athlete shall use any other
athletes pole except with the consent of the owner.
The pole may be of any material or combination of materials and of
any length or diameter, but the basic surface must be smooth.
The pole may have layers of tape at the grip end (to protect the hand)
and of tape and/or any other suitable material at the bottom end (to
protect the pole). Any tape at the grip end must be uniform except
for incidental overlapping and must not result in any sudden change
in diameter, such as the creation of any ring on the pole.
Landing Area
12. For competitions under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c), (e) and (f), the landing
area shall be not smaller than 6m long (behind the zero line and
excluding the front pieces) x 6m wide x 0.8m high. For other
competitions, the landing area should measure not less than 5m long
(excluding the front pieces) x 5m wide. The front pieces, in all cases,
must be at least 2m long.
The sides of the landing area nearest to the box shall be placed 0.10m
to 0.15m from the box and shall slope away from the box at an angle
of approximately 45 (see Figure 9).
195
RULE 183
Figure 9 - Pole Vault landing area (top and side views)
RULE 183
196
B. HORIZONTAL JUMPS
RULE 184
General Conditions Horizontal Jumps
Runway
1. The minimum length of the runway, measured from the relevant takeoff line, shall be 40m and where conditions permit, 45m. It shall have
a width of 1.22m 0.01m and shall be marked by white lines 50mm
in width.
Note: For all tracks constructed before 1 January 2004 the runway
2. The maximum lateral inclination of the runway shall be 1:100 (1%)
and, in the last 40m of the runway, the overall downward inclination
in the direction of running shall not exceed 1:1000 (0.1%).
Take-off Board
3. The take-off shall be marked by a board sunk level with the runway
and the surface of the landing area. The edge of the board which is
nearer to the landing area shall be the take-off line. Immediately
beyond the take-off line there shall be placed a plasticine indicator
board for the assistance of the Judges.
4. The take-off board shall be rectangular, made of wood or other
suitable rigid material in which the spikes of an athletes shoe will
grip and not skid and shall measure 1.22m 0.01m long, 0.20m
0.002m wide and not more than 0.10m deep. It shall be white.
5. The plasticine indicator board shall consist of a rigid board, 0.10m
0.002m wide and 1.22m 0.01m long made of wood or any other
suitable material and shall be painted in a contrasting colour to the
take-off board. Where possible, the plasticine should be of a third
contrasting colour. The board shall be mounted in a recess or shelf in
the runway, on the side of the take-off board nearer the landing area.
The surface shall rise from the level of the take-off board to a height
of 7mm 1mm. The edges shall either slant at an angle of 45 with
the edge nearer to the runway covered with a plasticine layer along
its length 1mm thick or shall be cut away such that the recess, when
filled with plasticine shall slant at an angle of 45 (see Figure 10).
197
RULE 184
Figure 10 - Take-off board and plasticine indicator board
The upper part of the indicator board shall also be covered for the
first 10mm approximately and along its entire length, by a plasticine
layer.
When mounted in this recess, the whole assembly shall be sufficiently
rigid to accept the full force of the athletes foot.
The surface of the board beneath the plasticine shall be of a material
in which the spikes of an athletes shoe will grip and not skid.
The layer of plasticine can be smoothed off by means of a roller or
suitably shaped scraper for the purposes of removing the footprint of
an athlete.
Note: It will be found very helpful to have spare plasticine boards
available so that, while a footprint is being eliminated, the
competition is not delayed.
Landing Area
6. The landing area shall have a minimum width of 2.75m and a
maximum width of 3m. It shall, if possible, be so placed that the
middle of the runway, if extended, would coincide with the middle of
the landing area.
Note: When the axis of the runway is not in line with the centre line
of the landing area, a tape, or if necessary, two tapes, should be
placed along the landing area so that the above is achieved (see
Figure 11).
RULE 184
198
Figure 11 - Centralised Long Jump / Triple Jump landing area
7.
The landing area should be filled with soft damp sand, the top surface
of which shall be level with the take-off board.
Distance Measurement
8. The measurement of each jump shall be made immediately after each
valid trial (or after an immediate oral protest made under Rule 146.5).
All jumps shall be measured from the nearest break in the landing
area made by any part of the body, or anything that was attached to
the body at the time it made a mark, to the take-off line, or take-off
line extended. The measurement shall be taken perpendicular to the
take-off line or its extension.
9. In all horizontal jumping events, distances shall be recorded to the
nearest 0.01m below the distance measured if the distance measured
is not a whole centimetre.
Wind Measurement
10. The wind velocity shall be measured for a period of 5 seconds from
the time an athlete passes a mark placed alongside the runway, for
the Long Jump 40m from the take-off line and for the Triple Jump
35m. If an athlete runs less than 40m or 35m, as appropriate, the wind
velocity shall be measured from the time he commences his run.
11. The wind gauge shall be placed 20m from the take-off line. It shall be
positioned 1.22m high and not more than 2m away from the runway.
12. The wind gauge shall be the same as described in Rules 163.8 and
163.9. It shall be operated as described in Rules 163.11 and 163.12
and read as per Rule 163.13.
RULE 185
Long Jump
Competition
199
RULES 184, 185
2.
3.
(a) he while taking off, touches the ground beyond the take-off line
with any part of his body, whether running up without jumping
or in the act of jumping; or
(b) he takes off from outside either end of the board, whether beyond
or before the extension of the take-off line; or
(c) he employs any form of somersaulting whilst running up or in
the act of jumping; or
(d) after taking off, but before his first contact with the landing area,
he touches the runway or the ground outside the runway or
outside the landing area; or
(e) in the course of landing, he touches the border of, or the ground
outside, the landing area closer to the take-off line than the
nearest break made in the sand; or
(f) he leaves the landing area in any manner other than that
described in Rule 185.2.
When leaving the landing area, an athletes first contact by foot with
its border or the ground outside shall be further from the take-off line
than the nearest break in the sand (which may be any mark made on
overbalancing completely inside the landing area or when walking
back closer to the take-off line than the initial break on landing).
Note: This first contact is considered leaving.
An athlete shall not be regarded to have failed if:
(a) he runs outside the white lines marking the runway at any point;
or
(b) except as described in Rule 185.1(b), he takes off before
reaching the board; or
(c) under Rule 185.1(b) a part of his shoe / foot is touching the
ground outside either end of the take-off board, before the takeoff line; or
(d) if in the course of landing, he touches, with any part of his body,
or anything attached to it at that moment, the border of, or the
ground outside the landing area, unless such contact contravenes
Rule 185.1(d) or (e); or
(e) he walks back through the landing area after having left the
landing area in the manner described in Rule 185.2.
Take-off Line
4. The distance between the take-off line and the far end of the landing
area shall be at least 10m.
5. The take-off line shall be placed between 1m and 3m from the nearer
end of the landing area.
RULE 185
200
RULE 186
Triple Jump
Rules 184 and 185 apply to Triple Jump with the following variations:
Competition
1. The Triple Jump shall consist of a hop, a step and a jump in that order.
2. The hop shall be made so that an athlete lands first on the same foot
as that from which he has taken off; in the step he shall land on the
other foot, from which, subsequently, the jump is performed.
It shall not be considered a failure if an athlete, while jumping,
touches the ground with the sleeping leg.
Note: Rule 185.1(d) does not apply to the normal landings from the
hop and step phases.
Take-off Line
3. The distance between the take-off line for men and the far end of the
landing area shall be at least 21m.
4. For International Competitions, the take-off line shall not be less than
13m for men and 11m for women from the nearer end of the landing
area. For any other competition, this distance shall be appropriate for
the level of competition.
5. Between the take-off board and the landing area there shall, for the
step and jump phases, be a take-off area of 1.22m 0.01m wide
providing firm and uniform footing.
Note: For all tracks constructed before 1 January 2004, this take-off
area may have a width of maximum 1.25m.
201
RULE 186
C. THROWING EVENTS
RULE 187
General Conditions Throwing Events
Official Implements
1. In all International Competitions, the implements used shall comply
with IAAF specifications. Only implements which hold a current
valid IAAF certificate of approval may be used. The following table
shows the implement to be used by each age group:
Girls
Women
Boys
Men
Men
Youth
Junior/
Senior
Youth
Junior
Senior
Shot
3.000kg
4.000kg
5.000kg
6.000kg
7.260kg
Discus
1.000kg
1.000kg
1.500kg
1.750kg
2.000kg
Hammer 3.000kg
4.000kg
5.000kg
6.000kg
7.260kg
Javelin
600g
700g
800g
800g
Implement
2.
3.
500g
Note: The current standard forms required to be used for the

certification and renewal application as well as the Certification
System Procedures are available from the IAAF Office, or may be
downloaded from the IAAF website.
Except as provided below, all such implements shall be provided by
the Organising Committee. The Technical Delegate(s) may, based on
the relevant Technical Regulations of each competition, allow
athletes to use their own implements or those provided by a supplier,
provided that such implements are IAAF certified, checked and
marked as approved by the Organising Committee before the
competition and made available to all athletes. Such implements will
not be accepted if the same model is already on the list of those
provided by the Organising Committee.
No modification shall be made to any implements during the
competition.
Assistance
4. The following shall be considered assistance and are therefore not
allowed:
(a) The taping of two or more fingers together. If taping is used on
the hands and fingers, it may be continuous provided that as a
result no two or more fingers are taped together in such a way
RULE 187
202
5.
that the fingers cannot move individually. The taping should be

shown to the Chief Judge before the event starts.
(b) The use of any device of any kind, including weights attached to
the body, which in any way provides assistance when making a
trial.
(c) The use of gloves except in the Hammer Throw. In this case, the
gloves shall be smooth on the back and on the front and the tips
of the glove fingers, other than the thumb, shall be open.
(d) The spraying or spreading by an athlete of any substance in the
circle or on his shoes nor the roughening of the surface of the
circle.
The following shall not be considered assistance and are therefore
allowed:
(a) The use by an athlete, in order to obtain a better grip, of a
suitable substance on his hands only or in the case of a hammer
thrower on his gloves. A shot putter may use such substances on
their neck.
(b) The placement by an athlete, in the Shot Put and Discus Throw,
on the implement, chalk or a similar substance. All substances
used shall be easily removable using a wet cloth and shall not
leave any residue.
(c) The use of taping on the hands and fingers that is not in
contravention of Rule 187.4(a).
Throwing Circle
6. The rim of the circle shall be made of band iron, steel or other suitable
material, the top of which shall be flush with the ground outside. The
ground surrounding the circle may be concrete, synthetic, asphalt,
wood or any other suitable material.
The interior of the circle may be constructed of concrete, asphalt or
some other firm but not slippery material. The surface of this interior
shall be level and 20mm 6mm lower than the upper edge of the rim
of the circle.
In the Shot Put, a portable circle meeting these specifications is
permissible.
7. The inside diameter of the circle shall be 2.135m 0.005m in the
Shot Put and the Hammer Throw and 2.50m 0.005m in the Discus
Throw.
The rim of the circle shall be at least 6mm thick and shall be white.
The hammer may be thrown from the discus circle provided the
diameter of this circle is reduced from 2.50m to 2.135m by placing a
circular ring inside.
203
RULE 187
Note: The circular ring should preferably be coloured other than

white so that the white lines required by Rule 187.8 be clearly visible.
Figure 12 - Layout of Shot Put circle
8.
A white line 50mm wide shall be drawn from the top of the rim
extending for at least 0.75m on either side of the circle. The white
line may be painted or made of wood or other suitable material. The
rear edge of the white line shall form a prolongation of a theoretical
line through the centre of the circle at right angles to the centre line
of the landing sector.
Figure 13 - Layout of Discus Throw circle
RULE 187
204
Figure 14 - Layout of Hammer Throw circle
Figure 15 - Layout of concentric circles for Discus and Hammer Throw

circle
Javelin Throw Runway

9. The minimum length of the runway shall be 30m except in
competitions held under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c) (e) and (f), where the
minimum shall be 33.50m. Where conditions permit, the minimum
length should be 36.50m.
205
RULE 187
It shall be marked by two parallel white lines 50mm wide and 4m

apart. The throw shall be made from behind an arc of a circle drawn
with a radius of 8m. The arc shall consist of a 70mm wide strip
painted or made of wood or a suitable non-corrodible material like
plastic. It shall be white and be flush with the ground. Lines shall be
drawn from the extremities of the arc at right angles to the parallel
lines marking the runway. These lines shall be white, 0.75m long and
70mm wide. The maximum lateral inclination of the runway shall be
1:100 (1%) and in the last 20m of the runway the overall downward
inclination in the direction of running shall not exceed 1:1000 (0.1%).
Figure 16 - Javelin Throw runway and landing sector (not to scale)
RULE 187
206
Landing Sector
10. The landing sector shall consist of cinders or grass or other suitable
material on which the implement makes an imprint.
11. The maximum overall downward inclination of the landing sector, in
the throwing direction, shall not exceed 1:1000 (0.1%).
12. (a) Except for the Javelin Throw, the landing sector shall be marked
with white lines 50mm wide at an angle of 34.92 such that the
inner edge of lines, if extended, would pass through the centre of
the circle.
Note: The 34.92 sector may be laid out accurately by making
the distance between the two points on the sector lines 20m from
the centre of the circle 12m 0.05m (20m 0.60m) apart. Thus,
for every 1m from the centre of the circle, the distance across
shall be increased by 0.60m.
(b) In the Javelin Throw, the landing sector shall be marked with
white lines 50mm wide such that the inner edge of the lines, if
extended, would pass through the two intersections of the inner
edges of the arc, and the parallel lines marking the runway and
intersect at the centre of the circle of which the arc is part (see
Figure 16). The sector angle is thus 28.96.
Trials
13. In the Shot Put, Discus Throw and Hammer Throw, implements shall
be thrown from a circle, and in the Javelin Throw, from a runway. In
the case of trials made from a circle, an athlete shall commence his
trial from a stationary position inside the circle. An athlete is allowed
to touch the inside of the rim. In the Shot Put, he is also allowed to
touch the inside of the stop board described in Rule 188.2.
14. It shall be a failure if an athlete in the course of a trial:
(a) releases the shot or the javelin other than as permitted under
Rules 188.1 and 193.1,
(b) after he has stepped into the circle and begun to make a throw,
touches with any part of his body the top (or the top inside edge)
of the rim or the ground outside the circle,
(c) in the Shot Put, touches with any part of his body any part of the
stop board other than its inner side (excluding its top edge which
is considered to be part of the top),
(d) in the Javelin Throw, touches with any part of his body the lines
which mark the runway or the ground outside.
Note: It will not be considered a failure if the discus or any part of the
hammer strikes the cage after release provided that no other Rule is
infringed.
207
RULE 187
15. Provided that, in the course of a trial, the Rules relative to each
throwing event have not been infringed, an athlete may interrupt a
trial once started, may lay the implement down inside or outside the
circle or runway and may leave it.
When leaving the circle or runway he shall step out as required in
Rule 187.17 before returning to the circle or runway to begin a fresh
trial.
Note: All the moves permitted by this paragraph shall be included in
the maximum time for a trial given in Rule 180.18.
16. It shall be a failure if the shot, the discus, the hammer head or the
head of the javelin in contacting the ground when it first lands touches
the sector line, the ground or any object (other than the cage as
provided in the Note to Rule 187.14) outside the sector line.
17. It shall be a failure if the athlete leaves the circle or runway before the
implement has touched the ground, or
(a) for throws made from a circle, if when leaving the circle, the
athletes first contact with the top of the rim or the ground
outside the circle is not completely behind the white line which
is drawn outside the circle running, theoretically, through the
centre of the circle;
Note: The first contact with the top of the rim or the ground
outside the circle is considered leaving.
(b) in the case of the Javelin Throw, if, when leaving the runway, the
athletes first contact with the parallel lines or the ground outside
the runway is not completely behind the white line of the arc or
the lines drawn from the extremities of the arc at right angles to
the parallel lines. Once the implement has touched the ground,
an athlete will also be considered to have left the runway
correctly, upon making contact with or behind a line (painted, or
theoretical and indicated by markers beside the runway) drawn
across the runway, four metres back from the end points of the
throwing arc. Should an athlete be behind that line and inside
the runway at the moment the implement touches the ground, he
shall be considered to have left the runway correctly.
18. After each throw, implements shall be carried back to the area next
to the circle or runway and never thrown back.
Measurements
19. In all throwing events, distances shall be recorded to the nearest
0.01m below the distance measured if the distance measured is not a
whole centimetre.
RULE 187
208
20. The measurement of each throw shall be made immediately after each
valid trial (or after an immediate oral protest made under Rule 146.5):
(a) from the nearest mark made by the fall of the shot, discus and
hammer head, to the inside of the circumference of the circle
along a line to the centre of the circle;
(b) in Javelin Throw, from where the head of the javelin first struck
the ground to the inside edge of the arc, along a line to the centre
of the circle of which the arc is part.
RULE 188
Shot Put
Competition
1. The shot shall be put from the shoulder with one hand only. At the
time an athlete takes a stance in the circle to commence a put, the
shot shall touch or be in close proximity to the neck or the chin and
the hand shall not be dropped below this position during the action of
putting. The shot shall not be taken behind the line of the shoulders.
Note: Cartwheeling techniques are not permitted.
Stop Board
2. The stop board shall be white and made of wood or other suitable
material in the shape of an arc so that the inner surface aligns with the
inner edge of the rim of the circle and is perpendicular to the surface
of the circle. It shall be placed so that its centre coincides with the
centre line of the landing sector (see Figure 12), and shall be firmly
fixed to the ground or to the concrete surrounding the circle.
209
RULES 187, 188
Figure 17 - Shot Put stop board (top and side view)
Note: Stop boards to the 1983/84 IAAF specifications remain acceptable.

3.
The stop board shall measure 0.112m to 0.30m wide, with a chord of
1.21m 0.01m for an arc of the same radius as the circle and 0.10m
0.002m high in relation to the level of the inside of the circle.
Shot
4. The shot shall be of solid iron, brass or any metal not softer than
brass, or a shell of such metal filled with lead or other solid material.
It shall be spherical in shape and its surface finish shall be smooth. To
be smooth, the surface average height must be less than 1.6m, i.e. a
roughness number N7 or less.
5. The shot shall conform to the following specifications:
Minimum weight for admission to competition and acceptance of a
Record:
3.000kg 4.000kg 5.000kg 6.000kg 7.260kg
Information for manufacturers: Range for supply of implement for
competition
3.005kg
3.025kg
4.005kg
4.025kg
5.005kg
5.025kg
6.005kg
6.025kg
7.265kg
7.285kg
Diameter:
Minimum 85mm
Maximum 110mm
95mm
110mm
100mm
120mm
105mm
125mm
110mm
130mm
RULES 188
210
RULE 189
Discus Throw
Discus
1. The body of the discus may be solid or hollow and shall be made of
wood, or other suitable material, with a metal rim, the edge of which
shall be circular. The cross section of the edge shall be rounded in a
true circle having a radius of approximately 6mm. There may be
circular plates set flush into the centre of the sides. Alternatively, the
discus may be made without metal plates, provided that the equivalent
area is flat and the measurements and total weight of the implement
correspond to the specifications.
Each side of the discus shall be identical and shall be made without
indentations, projections or sharp edges. The sides shall taper in a
straight line from the beginning of the curve of the rim to a circle of
a radius of 25mm to 28.5mm from the centre of the discus.
The profile of the discus shall be designed as follows. From the
beginning of the curve of the rim the thickness of the discus increases
regularly up to the maximum thickness D. This maximum value is
achieved at a distance of 25 mm to 28.5mm from the axis of the
discus Y. From this point up to the axis Y the thickness of the discus
is constant. Upper and lower side of the discus must be identical, also
the discus has to be symmetrical concerning rotation around the axis
Y.
The discus, including the surface of the rim shall have no roughness
and the finish shall be smooth (see Rule 188.4) and uniform
throughout.
Figure 18 Discus
211
RULE 189
2.
The discus shall conform to the following specifications:

Record :
1.000kg 1.500kg 1.750kg 2.000kg
Information for manufacturers: Range for supply of implement for competition
1.005kg
1.505kg
1.755kg
2.005kg
1.025kg
1.525kg
1.775kg
2.025kg
Outside diameter of metal rim:

Minimum
180mm
200mm
210mm
219mm
Maximum
182mm
202mm
212mm
221mm
Diameter of metal plate or flat centre area:

Minimum
50mm
50mm
50mm
50mm
Maximum
57mm
57mm
57mm
57mm
Thickness of metal plate or flat centre area:

Minimum
37mm
38mm
41mm
44mm
Maximum
39mm
40mm
43mm
46mm
Thickness of metal rim (6mm from edge):

Minimum
12mm
12mm
12mm
12mm
Maximum
13mm
13mm
13mm
13mm
RULE 190
Discus Cage
1.
All discus throws shall be made from an enclosure or cage to ensure

the safety of spectators, officials and athletes. The cage specified in
this Rule is intended for use when the event takes place in the arena
with other events taking place at the same time or when the event
takes place outside the arena with spectators present. Where this does
not apply, and especially in training areas, a much simpler
construction may be satisfactory. Advice is available, on request,
from national organisations or from the IAAF Office.
Note: The hammer cage specified in Rule 192 may also be used for
Discus Throw, either by installing 2.135/2.50m concentric circles, or
RULES 189, 190
212
2.
3.
4.
5.
by using the extension of the gates of that cage with a separate discus
circle installed in front of the hammer circle.
The cage should be designed, manufactured and maintained so as to
be capable of stopping a 2kg discus moving at a speed of up to 25
metres per second. The arrangement should be such that there is no
danger of ricocheting or rebounding back towards the athlete or over
the top of the cage. Provided that it satisfies all the requirements of
this Rule, any form of cage design and construction can be used.
The cage should be U-shaped in plan as shown in Figure 19. The
width of the mouth should be 6m, positioned 7m in front of the centre
of the throwing circle. The end points of the 6m wide mouth shall be
the inner edge of the cage netting. The height of the netting panels or
draped netting at their lowest point should be at least 4m.
Provision should be made in the design and construction of the cage
to prevent a discus forcing its way through any joints in the cage or
the netting or underneath the netting panels or draped netting.
Note (i): The arrangement of the rear panels/netting is not important
provided the netting is a minimum of 3.00m away from the centre of
the circle.
Note (ii): Innovative designs that provide the same degree of
protection and do not increase the danger zone compared with
conventional designs may be IAAF certified.
Note (iii) The cage side, particularly alongside the track, may be
lengthened and/or increased in height so as to provide greater
protection to athletes competing on the adjoining track during a
discus competition.
The netting for the cage can be made from suitable natural or
synthetic fibre cord or, alternatively, from mild or high tensile steel
wire. The maximum mesh size shall be 44mm for cord netting and
50mm for steel wire.
Note: Further specifications for the netting and safety inspection
procedures are set out in the IAAF Track and Field Facilities
Manual.
The maximum danger sector for discus throws from this cage is
approximately 69, when used by both right and left handed throwers
in the same competition. The position and alignment of the cage in the
arena is, therefore, critical for its safe use.
213
RULE 190
Figure 19 - Cage for Discus Throw only
RULE 191
Hammer Throw
Competition
1. An athlete, in his starting position prior to the preliminary swings or
turns, is allowed to put the head of the hammer on the ground inside
or outside the circle.
RULES 190, 191
214
2.
3.
It shall not be considered a failure if the head of the hammer touches

the ground inside or outside the circle, or the top of the rim. The
athlete may stop and begin the throw again, provided no other Rule
has been breached.
If the hammer breaks during a throw or while in the air, it shall not
count as a failure, provided the trial was otherwise made in
accordance with this Rule. Nor shall it count as a failure if an athlete
thereby loses his balance and as a result contravenes any part of this
Rule. In both cases the athlete shall be awarded a new trial.
Hammer
4. The hammer shall consist of three main parts: a metal head, a wire
and a handle.
5. The head shall be of solid iron, brass or other metal not softer than
brass or a shell of such metal filled with lead or other solid material.
The centre of gravity of the head shall be not more than 6mm from
the centre of the sphere, i.e. - it must be possible to balance the head,
less handle and wire, on a horizontal sharp-edged circular orifice
12mm in diameter (see Figure 21). If a filling is used, this shall be
inserted in such manner that it is immovable and complies with the
requirement for the centre of gravity.
Figure 20 - Suggested apparatus for testing centre of gravity of

hammer head
6.
7.
The wire shall be a single unbroken and straight length of spring steel
wire not less than 3mm in diameter and shall be such that it cannot
stretch appreciably while the hammer is being thrown.
The wire may be looped at one or both ends as a means of attachment.
The wire shall be connected to the head by means of a swivel, which
may be either plain or ball bearing.
The handle shall be rigid and without hinging joints of any kind. The
total deformation of the handle under a tension load of 3.8kN shall not
215
RULE 191
exceed 3mm. It shall be attached to the wire in such a manner that it

cannot be turned within the loop of the wire to increase the overall
length of the hammer. The handle shall be connected to the wire by
means of a loop. A swivel may not be used.
The handle shall have a symmetric design and may have a curved or
straight grip and/or brace. The minimum handle breaking strength
shall be 8kN.
Figure 21 - Generic hammer handle
8.
Note: Other designs complying with the specifications are acceptable.

The hammer shall conform to the following specifications:
RULE 191
216

Record:
3.000kg
4.000kg
5.000kg
6.000kg
7.260kg
3.005kg
4.005kg
5.005kg
6.005kg
7.265kg
3.025kg
4.025kg
5.025kg
6.025kg
7.285kg
Length of hammer measured from inside of handle:

Maximum 1195mm
1195mm
1200mm
1215mm
1215mm
(No further tolerance applies to the maximum length.)

Diameter of head:
Minimum 85mm
95mm
100mm
105mm
110mm
Maximum 100mm
110mm
120mm
125mm
130mm
Note: The weight of the implement includes the totality of the hammer
head, wire and handle.
RULE 192
Hammer Cage
1.
2.
3.
All hammer throws shall be made from an enclosure or cage to ensure

the safety of spectators, officials and athletes. The cage specified in
this Rule is intended for use when the event takes place in the arena
with other events taking place at the same time or when the event
takes place outside the arena with spectators present. Where this does
not apply, and especially in training areas, a much simpler
construction may be satisfactory. Advice is available on request from
national organisations or from the IAAF Office.
The cage should be designed, manufactured and maintained so as to
be capable of stopping a 7.260kg hammer head moving at a speed of
up to 32 metres per second. The arrangement should be such that
there is no danger of ricocheting or rebounding back towards the
athlete or over the top of the cage. Provided that it satisfies all the
requirements of this Rule, any form of cage design and construction
can be used.
The cage should be U-shaped in plan as shown in Figure 22. The
width of the mouth should be 6m, positioned 7m in front of the centre
of the throwing circle. The end points of the 6m wide mouth shall be
217
RULES 191, 192
4.
the inner edge of the pivoted netting. The height of the netting panels
or draped netting at their lowest point shall be at least 7m for the
panels/netting at the rear of the cage and at least 10m for the last
2.80m panels to the gate pivot points.
Provisions should be made in the design and construction of the cage
to prevent a hammer forcing its way through any joints in the cage or
the netting or underneath the netting panels or draped netting.
Note: The arrangement of the rear panels / netting is not important
provided the netting is a minimum of 3.50m away from the centre of
the circle.
Two movable netting panels 2m wide shall be provided at the front
of the cage, only one of which will be operative at a time. The
minimum height of the panels shall be 10m.
Note (i): The left hand panel is used for throwers turning anti
clockwise, and the right hand panel for throwers turning clockwise.
In view of the possible need to change over from one panel to the
other during the competition, when both left and right-handed
throwers are present, it is essential that this changeover should
require little labour and be carried out in the minimum of time.
Note (ii): The end position of both panels is shown in the plan even
though only one panel will be closed at any one time during
competition.
Note (iii): When in operation, the movable panel shall be exactly in
the position shown. Provision shall therefore, be made in the design
of the movable panels to lock them in the operative position. It is
recommended to mark (either temporarily or permanently) the
operative positions of the panels on the ground.
Note (iv): The construction of these panels and their operation
depends on the overall design of the cage and can be sliding, hinging
on a vertical or horizontal axis or dismounting. The only firm
requirements are that the panel in operation shall be fully able to
stop any hammer striking it and there shall be no danger of a hammer
being able to force its way between the fixed and movable panels.
Note (v): Innovative designs that provide the same degree of
protection and do not increase the danger zone compared with
conventional designs may be IAAF certified.
RULE 192
218
Figure 22 - Cage for Hammer and Discus Throw with concentric circles
(Hammer Throw configuration)
219
RULE 192
5.
6.
The netting for the cage can be made from suitable natural or
synthetic fibre cord or, alternatively, from mild or high tensile steel
wire. The maximum mesh size shall be 44mm for cord netting and
50mm for steel wire.
Note: Further specifications for the netting and safety inspection
procedures are set out in the IAAF Track and Field Facilities
Manual.
Where it is desired to use the same cage for Discus Throw, the
installation can be adapted in two alternative ways. Most simply, a
2.135m/2.50m concentric circle may be fitted, but this involves using
the same surface in the circle for Hammer Throw and Discus Throw.
The hammer cage shall be used for Discus Throw by fixing the
movable netting panels clear of the cage opening.
For separate circles for Hammer Throw and Discus Throw in the
same cage, the two circles shall be placed one behind the other with
the centres 2.37m apart on the centre line of the landing sector and
with the discus circle at the front. In that case, the movable netting
panels shall be used for Discus Throw in order to lengthen the cage
sides.
Note: The arrangement of the rear panels/draped netting is not
important provided the netting is a minimum of 3.50m away from the
centre of concentric circles or the hammer circle in case of separate
circles (or 3.00m for cages with separate circles built under the Rule
in force before 2004 with the discus circle at the back) (see also Rule
192.4).
RULE 192
220
Figure 23 - Cage for Hammer and Discus Throw with concentric circles
(Discus Throw configuration)]
221
RULE 192
Figure 24 - Cage for Hammer and Discus Throw with separate circles
RULE 192
222
7.
The maximum danger sector for hammer throws from this cage is
approximately 53, when used by both right and left-handed throwers
in the same competition. The position and alignment of the cage in the
arena is, therefore, critical for its safe use.
RULE 193
Javelin Throw
Competition
1. (a) The javelin shall be held at the grip with one hand only. It shall
be thrown over the shoulder or upper part of the throwing arm
and shall not be slung or hurled. Non-orthodox styles are not
permitted.
(b) A throw shall be valid only if the metal head strikes the ground
before any other part of the javelin.
(c) Until the javelin has been thrown, an athlete shall not at any time
turn completely around, so that his back is towards the throwing
arc.
2. If the javelin breaks during a throw or while in the air, it shall not
count as a failure, provided the trial was otherwise made in
accordance with this Rule. Nor shall it count as a failure if an athlete
thereby loses his balance and as a result contravenes any part of this
Rule. In both cases the athlete shall be awarded a new trial.
Javelin
3. The javelin shall consist of three main parts: a shaft, a head and a
cord grip.
4. The shaft may be solid or hollow and shall be constructed of metal or
other suitable material so as to constitute a fixed and integrated whole.
The surface of the shaft shall have no dimples or pimples, grooves or
ridges, holes or roughness, and the finish shall be smooth (see Rule
188.4) and uniform throughout.
5. The shaft shall have fixed to it a metal head terminating in a sharp
point. The head shall be constructed completely of metal. It may
contain a reinforced tip of other metal alloy fixed to the front end of
the head provided that the completed head is smooth (see Rule 188.4)
and uniform along the whole of its surface. The angle of tip shall not
exceed 40 degrees.
6. The cord grip, which shall cover the centre of gravity, shall not
exceed the diameter of the shaft by more than 8mm. It may have a
regular non-slip pattern surface but without thongs, notches or
indentations of any kind. The grip shall be of uniform thickness.
223
RULES 192, 193
7.
8.
The cross-section shall be regularly circular throughout (see Note (i)).

The maximum diameter of the shaft shall be immediately in front of
the grip. The central portion of the shaft, including the part under the
grip, may be cylindrical or slightly tapered towards the rear but in no
case may the reduction in diameter, from immediately in front of the
grip to immediately behind, exceed 0.25mm. From the grip, the
javelin shall taper regularly to the tip at the front and the tail at the
rear. The longitudinal profile from the grip to the front tip and to the
tail shall be straight or slightly convex (see Note (ii)), and there shall
be no abrupt alteration in the overall diameter, except immediately
behind the head and at the front and rear of the grip, throughout the
length of the javelin. At the rear of the head, the reduction in the
diameter may not exceed 2.5mm and this departure from the
longitudinal profile requirement may not extend more than 0.3m
behind the head.
Note (i): Whilst the cross section throughout should be circular, a
maximum difference between the largest and the smallest diameter at
any cross section of 2% is permitted. The mean value of these two
diameters, at any nominated cross section, shall meet the
specifications of a circular javelin in the tables hereunder.
Note (ii): The shape of the longitudinal profile may be quickly and
easily checked using a metal straight edge at least 500mm long and
two feeler gauges 0.20mm and 1.25mm thick. For slightly convex
sections of the profile, the straight edge will rock while being in firm
contact with a short section of the javelin. For straight sections of
the profile, with the straight edge held firmly against it, it must be
impossible to insert the 0.20mm gauge between the javelin and the
straight edge anywhere over the length of contact. This shall not
apply immediately behind the joint between the head and the shaft. At
this point it must be impossible to insert the 1.25mm gauge.
The javelin shall conform to the following specifications:
RULE 193
224

Record (inclusive of the cord grip):
500g
600g
700g
800g
Information for manufacturers: Range for supply of implement for
competition:
505g
605g
705g
805g
525g
625g
725g
825g
Overall length (L0):

Minimum
2.000m
2.200m
2.300m
2.600m
Maximum
2.100m
2.300m
2.400m
2.700m
Distance from tip of metal head to centre of gravity (L1):

Minimum
0.780m
0.800m
0.860m
0.900m
Maximum
0.880m
0.920m
1.000m
1.060m
Distance from tail to centre of gravity (L2):

Minimum
1.120m
1.280m
1.300m
1.540m
Maximum
1.320m
1.500m
1.540m
1.800m
Length of metal head (L3):

Minimum
0.220m
0.250m
0.250m
0.250m
Maximum
0.270m
0.330m
0.330m
0.330m
Width of cord grip (L4):

Minimum
0.135m
0.140m
0.150m
0.150m
Maximum
0.145m
0.150m
0.160m
0.160m
Diameter of shaft at thickest point (in front of grip - D0):

Minimum
20mm
20mm
23mm
25mm
Maximum
24mm
25mm
28mm
30mm
9.
The javelin shall have no mobile parts or other apparatus, which

during the throw could change its centre of gravity or throwing
characteristics.
10. The tapering of the javelin to the tip of the metal head shall be such
that the angle of the point shall be not more than 40. The diameter,
225
RULE 193
at a point 0.15m from the tip, shall not exceed 80% of the maximum
diameter of the shaft. At the midpoint between the centre of gravity
and the tip of the metal head, the diameter shall not exceed 90% of
the maximum diameter of the shaft.
11. The tapering of the shaft to the tail at the rear shall be such that the
diameter, at the midpoint between the centre of gravity and the tail,
shall not be less than 90% of the maximum diameter of the shaft. At
a point 0.15m from the tail, the diameter shall be not less than 40%
of the maximum diameter of the shaft. The diameter of the shaft at the
end of the tail shall not be less than 3.5mm.
RULE 193
226
227
Overall
Tip to C of G
Half L1
Tail to C of G
Half L2
Head
Grip
Diameters
D0
In front of grip
At rear of grip
D1
D2
150mm from tip
At rear of head
D3
D4
Immediately behind head
D5
Half way tip to C of G
D6
Over grip
D7
Half way tail to C of G
D8
150mm from tail
D9
Centre of Gravity
At tail
C of G
Note: All measurements of diameters must be to at least 0.1 mm.
L0
L1
1/2L1
L2
1/2L2
L3
L4
Lengths
Figure 25 - International Javelin
D0
0.8 D0
0.9 D0
D0+8mm
Maximum
D0-0.25mm
D3-2.5mm
0.9 D0
0.4 D0
3.5mm
Minimum
RULE 193
SECTION V - COMBINED EVENTS COMPETITIONS

RULE 200
Combined Events Competitions
Youth Boys, Junior and Senior Men (Pentathlon and Decathlon)
1. The Pentathlon consists of five events which shall be held on one day
in the following order: Long Jump; Javelin Throw; 200m; Discus
Throw; and 1500m.
2. The Youth Boys and the Mens Decathlon consists of ten events
which shall be held on two consecutive days in the following order:
First day:
Second day:
100m; Long Jump; Shot Put; High Jump;

400m.
110m Hurdles; Discus Throw; Pole Vault;
Javelin Throw; 1500m.
Junior and Senior Women (Heptathlon and Decathlon)

3. The Heptathlon consists of seven events, which shall be held on two
consecutive days in the following order:
First day:
Second day:
4.
100m Hurdles; High Jump; Shot Put;

200m.
Long Jump; Javelin Throw; 800m.
The Womens Decathlon consists of ten events which shall be held

on two consecutive days in the following order:
First day:
Second day:
100m; Discus Throw; Pole Vault; Javelin

Throw; 400m.
100m Hurdles; Long Jump; Shot Put;
High Jump; 1500m.
Youth Girls (Heptathlon only)

5. The Youth Girls Heptathlon consists of seven events, which shall be
held on two consecutive days in the following order:
First day:
Second day:
RULE 200
100m Hurdles; High Jump; Shot Put;

200m.
Long Jump; Javelin Throw; 800m.
228
General
6. At the discretion of the Combined Events Referee, there shall,
whenever possible, be an interval of at least 30 minutes between the
time one event ends and the next event begins, for any individual
athlete. If possible, the time between the finish of the last event on the
first day and the start of the first event on the second day should be
at least 10 hours.
7. In each separate event, except the last, of a Combined Event
competition, the heats and groups shall be arranged by the Technical
Delegate(s) or Combined Events Referee, as applicable, so that the
athletes with similar performances in each individual event during a
predetermined period, shall be placed in the same heat or group.
Preferably five or more, and never less than three, athletes shall be
placed in each heat or group. When this cannot be achieved because
of the timetable of events, the heats or groups for the next event
should be arranged as and when athletes become available from the
previous event.
In the last event of Combined Events competition, the heats should be
arranged so that the last one contains the leading athletes after the
penultimate event.
The Technical Delegate(s) or the Combined Events Referee shall
have the authority to rearrange any group if, in his opinion, it is
desirable.
8. The Rules for each event constituting the competition will apply with
the following exceptions:
(a) in the Long Jump and each of the throwing events, each athlete
shall be allowed three trials only.
(b) in case a Fully Automatic Timing and Photo Finish System is
not available, each athletes time shall be taken by three
Timekeepers independently.
(c) in the Track Events, only one false start per race shall be allowed
without the disqualification of the athlete(s) responsible for the
false start. Any athlete(s) responsible for further false starts in the
race shall be disqualified (see also Rule 162.7).
9. Only one system of timing may be applied throughout each individual
event. However, for Record purposes, times obtained from a Fully
Automatic Timing and Photo Finish system shall be applied
regardless of whether such times are available for other athletes in
the event.
10. Any athlete failing to attempt to start or make a trial in one of the
events shall not be allowed to take part in the subsequent events but
229
RULE 200
shall be considered to have abandoned the competition. He shall not,

therefore, figure in the final classification.
Any athlete deciding to withdraw from a Combined Events
competition shall immediately inform the Combined Events Referee
of his decision.
11. The scores, according to the current IAAF Combined Events Scoring
Tables, shall be announced, separate for each event and as a
cumulative total, to all athletes after the completion of each event.
The athletes shall be placed in order according to the total number of
points obtained.
12. If two or more athletes achieve an equal number of points for any
place in the competition, the procedure to determine whether there
has been a tie is the following:
(a) The athlete who, in the greater number of events, has received
more points than the other athlete(s) concerned shall be awarded
the higher place.
(b) If the athletes are equal following the application of Rule
200.12(a), the athlete who has the highest number of points in
any one event shall be awarded the higher place.
(c) If the athletes are still equal following the application of Rule
200.12(b), the athlete who has the highest number of points in a
second event, etc. shall be awarded the higher place.
(d) If the athletes are still equal following the application of Rule
200.12(c), it shall be determined to be a tie.
RULE 200
230
SECTION VI - INDOOR COMPETITIONS

RULE 210
Applicability of Outdoor Rules to Indoor Competitions
With the exceptions stated in the following Rules of this Section VI, the
Rules of Sections I to V for outdoor competitions shall apply to Indoor
Competitions.
RULE 211
The Indoor Stadium
1.
2.
3.
4.
The stadium shall be completely enclosed and covered. Lighting,

heating and ventilation shall be provided to give satisfactory
conditions for competition.
The arena should include an oval track; a straight track for sprints
and hurdles; runways and landing areas for jumping events. In
addition, a circle and landing sector for the Shot Put should be
provided, whether permanently or temporarily. All the facilities
should conform to the specifications in the IAAF Track and Field
Facilities Manual.
All the tracks, runways or take-off surface areas shall be covered with
a synthetic material that should preferably be able to accept 6mm
spikes in running shoes.
Alternative thicknesses may be provided by the stadium management,
who will notify athletes of the permissible length of spikes. (See Rule
143.4).
Indoor Track and Field competitions under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c), and
(f) should be held only on facilities that hold an IAAF Indoor
Athletics Facility Certificate. It is recommended that, when such
facilities are available, competitions under Rules 1.1(d), (e), (g), (h),
(i) and (j) should also be held on these facilities.
The foundation on which the synthetic surface of the tracks, runways
and take-off areas is laid shall be either solid e.g. concrete or, if of
suspended construction (such as wooden boards or plywood sheets
mounted on joists), without any special sprung sections and, as far
as technically possible, each runway shall have a uniform resilience
throughout. This shall be checked, for the take-off area for the jumps,
before each competition.
231
RULES 210, 211
Note (i): A sprung section is any deliberately engineered or

constructed section designed to give extra assistance to an athlete.
Note (ii): The IAAF Track and Field Facilities Manual, which is
available from the IAAF Office, or may be downloaded from the IAAF
website, contains more detailed and defined specifications for
planning and construction of indoor stadia including diagrams for
track measurement and marking.
Note (iii): The current standard forms required to be used for the
certification application and measurement report as well as the
Certification System Procedures are available from the IAAF Office,
or may be downloaded from the IAAF website.
RULE 212
The Straight Track
1.
The lateral inclination of the track shall not exceed 1:100 (1%) and
the inclination in the running direction shall not exceed 1:250 (0.4%)
at any point and 1:1000 (0.1%) overall.
Lanes
2. The track should have a minimum of 6 and a maximum of 8 lanes
separated and bounded on both sides by white lines 50mm wide. The
lanes shall all be 1.22m ( 0.01m) wide including the lane line on the
right.
Note: For all tracks constructed before 1 January 2004, the lanes
Start and Finish
3. There should be a clearance of at least 3m behind the start line free
of any obstruction. There shall be a clearance of at least 10m beyond
the finish line free of any obstruction with adequate provision beyond
for an athlete to come to a halt without injury.
Note: It is strongly recommended that the minimum clearance beyond
the finish line should be 15m.
RULE 213
The Oval Track and Lanes
1.
The nominal length should preferably be 200m. It shall consist of two

parallel straights and two bends, which may be banked, whose radii
should be equal.
The inside of the track shall be bordered either with a kerb of suitable
material, approximately 50mm in height and width, or with a white
RULES 211, 212, 213
232
line 50mm wide. The outside edge of this kerb or line forms the inside
of lane 1. The inside edge of the kerb or line shall be horizontal
throughout the length of the track with a maximum slope of 1:1000
(0.1%). The kerb on the two straights may be omitted, and a white
line 50mm wide substituted.
Lanes
2. The track should have a minimum of four and a maximum of six
lanes. The nominal width of the lanes shall be between 0.90m and
1.10m including the lane line on the right. All lanes shall be of the
same nominal width with a tolerance of 0.01m to the selected width.
The lanes shall be separated by white lines 50mm wide.
Banking
3. The angle of banking in all the lanes in the bend and, separately, in
the straight, should be the same at any cross section of the track. The
straight may be flat or have a maximum lateral inclination of 1:100
(1%) towards the inside lane.
In order to ease the change from the straight to the banked bend, the
change may be made with a smooth gradual horizontal transition
which may be extended into the straight. In addition, there should be
a vertical transition.
Marking of the Inside Edge
4. Where the inside edge of the track is bordered with a white line, it
shall be marked additionally with cones or flags on the bends and,
optionally, on the straights. The cones shall be at least 0.20m high.
The flags shall be approximately 0.25m 0.20m in size, at least
0.45m high and set at an angle of 60 with the ground away from the
track. The cones or flags shall be placed on the white line so that the
edge of the base of the cone or flag pole coincides with the edge of
the white line closest to the track. The cones or flags shall be placed
at intervals not exceeding 1.5m on the bends and 10m on the straights.
Note: For all indoor competitions directly under the IAAF, the use of
an inside kerb is strongly recommended.
RULE 214
Start and Finish on the Oval Track
1.
Technical information on the construction and marking of a 200m

banked indoor track are given in detail in the IAAF Track and Field
Facilities Manual. The basic principles to be adopted are given
hereunder.
233
RULES 213, 214
Basic Requirements
2. The start and finish of a race shall be denoted by white lines 50mm
wide, at right angles to the lane lines for straight parts of the track
and along a radius line for curved parts of the track.
3. The requirements for the finish line are that, if at all possible, there
should be only one for all the different lengths of race, it shall be on
a straight part of the track and as much of that straight as possible
should be before the finish.
4. The essential requirement for all start lines, straight, staggered or
curved, is that the distance for every athlete, when taking the shortest
permitted route, shall be the same.
5. As far as possible, start lines (and takeover zone lines for Relay
Races) should not be on the steepest part of the banking.
Conduct of the Races
6. For races of 400m or less, each athlete shall have a separate lane at
the start.
Races of up to, and including, 300m shall be run entirely in lanes.
Races over 300m, and less than 800m shall start and continue in lanes
until the breakline marked at the end of the second bend.
In races of 800m, each athlete may be assigned a separate lane, or up
to two athletes may be assigned per lane, or a group start, preferably
commencing in lanes 1 and 3, may be used. In these cases, athletes
may leave their lane, or those running in the outer group may join the
inner group, only after the breakline marked at the end of the first
bend.
Races longer than 800m shall be run without lanes using an arced
start line or group starts.
The breakline shall be an arced line marked after each bend, 50mm
wide, across all lanes other than lane 1. To assist athletes identify the
breakline, small cones or prisms, 50mm 50mm and no more than
0.15m high, preferably of different colour from the breakline and the
lane lines, shall be placed on the lane lines immediately before the
intersection of the lane lines and the breakline.
Note (i): In competitions other than those held under Rules 1.1(a),
(b), (c) and (f), the Members concerned may agree not to use lanes
for the 800m event.
Note (ii): On tracks with less than six lanes, a group start as in Rule
162.10 may be used to allow six athletes to compete.
RULE 214
234
Start Line and Finish Line for a Track of 200m Nominal Length
7. The start line in lane 1 should be on the principal straight. Its position
shall be determined so that the most advanced staggered start line in
the outside lane (400m races) should be in a position where the angle
of banking should not be more than 12 degrees.
The finish line for all races on the oval track shall be an extension of
the start line in lane 1, right across the track and at right angles to the
lane lines.
RULE 215
Seedings, Draws and Qualification in Track Events
Rounds and Heats
1. In indoor competitions, the following tables shall, in the absence of
extraordinary circumstances, be used to determine the number of
rounds and the number of heats in each round to be held and the
qualification procedure, i.e. those to advance by place (P) and time
(T), for each round of Track Events:
60m, 60m H
Entries
Heats P
T
9-16
2
3
2
17-24
3
2
2
25-32
4
3
4
33-40
5
4
4
41-48
6
3
6
49-56
7
3
3
57-64
8
2
8
65-72
9
2
6
73-80
10
2
4
Second Round
Heats P
T
Semi-Finals
Heats P
T
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
200m, 400m, 800m, 4 200m, 4 400m

Second Round
Entries
Heats P
T
Heats P
T
7-12
2
2
2
13-18
3
3
3
19-24
4
2
4
25-30
5
2
2
31-36
6
2
6
37-42
7
2
4
43-48
8
2
2
49-54
9
2
6
4
3
55-60
10
2
4
4
3
235
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Semi-Finals
Heats P
T
2
2
2
3
3
3
2
2
3
3
3
2
2
2
3
3
RULES 214, 215
1500m
Declared
Entries
12-18
19-27
28-36
37-45
46-54
55-63
First Round
Heats P
T
2
3
3
3
2
3
4
2
1
5
3
3
6
2
6
7
2
4
Second Round
Heats P
T
Semi-Finals
Heats P
T
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3000 m
Entries
Heats P
T
16-24
2
4
4
25-36
3
3
3
37-48
4
2
4
Note (i): The above qualifying procedures are only valid for 6 lanes oval
tracks and/or 8 lanes straight tracks.
Note (ii): For World Indoor Championships, alternate tables may be
included in the relevant Technical Regulations.
Draw for Lanes
2. For all events, other than 800m, run wholly or partly in lanes around
a bend, where there are successive rounds of a race, three draws for
lanes will be made:
(a) one for the two highest ranked athletes or teams to determine
placings in the outer two lanes;
(b) another for the third and fourth ranked athletes or teams to
determine placings in the next two lanes;
(c) another for the other athletes or teams to determine placings in
any remaining inner lanes.
The ranking referred to shall be determined as follows:
(d) for the first round, from the relevant list of valid performances
achieved during the predetermined period.;
(e) after the first round, in accordance with the procedures identified
in Rule 166.3(b)(i).
3. For all other races, the lane order shall be drawn in accordance with
Rules 166.4 and 166.8.
RULE 215
236
RULE 216
Clothing, Shoes and Athlete Bibs
That part of each spike which projects from the sole or the heel shall not
exceed 6mm (or as required by the Organising Committee) subject always
to the maxima provided in Rule 143.4.
RULE 217
Hurdle Races
1.
2.
The standard distances shall be: 50m or 60m on the straight track.
Layout of the hurdles for races:
Height of hurdle
Youth
Boys
Junior
Men
0.914m
0.991m
Distance
Men
Youth
Girls
Jr.
Women/
Women
1.067m
0.762m
0.838m
50m/60m
Number of hurdles
4/5
Start line to first hurdle
13.72m
13.00m
Between hurdles
9.14m
8.50m
8.86m/9.72m
11.50m/13.00m
Last hurdle to finish line
RULE 218
Relay Races
Conduct of the Races
1. In the 4 200m race, all the first leg and the first bend of the second
leg up to the nearer edge of the breakline described in Rule 214.6,
shall be run in lanes. Rule 170.18 shall not apply, therefore the
second, third and fourth athletes are not permitted to begin running
outside their takeover zones, and shall start within this zone.
2. In the 4 400m race, the first two bends shall be run in lanes. Thus
the same breakline, scratch lines etc. will be used as for the individual
400m race.
3. In the 4 800m race, the first bend shall be run in lanes. Thus the
same breakline, scratch lines etc. will be used as for the individual
800m race.
4. The waiting athletes in the third and fourth legs of the 4 200m race,
in the second, third and fourth legs of the 4 400m and the 4 800m
race shall, under the direction of a designated official, place
237
RULES 216, 217, 218
themselves in their waiting position in the same order (inside to out)

as the order of their respective team members as they enter the last
bend. Once the incoming athletes have passed this point, the waiting
athletes shall maintain their order, and shall not exchange positions
at the beginning of the take-over zone. If an athlete does not follow
this Rule, his team shall be disqualified.
Note: Owing to the narrow lanes, indoor Relay Races are much more
liable to collisions and unintended obstruction than outdoor Relay Races.
It is, therefore, recommended that, when possible, a spare lane should be
left between each team.
RULE 219
High Jump
Runway and Take-Off Area
1. If portable mats are used, all references in the Rules to the level of the
take-off area must be construed as referring to the level of the top
surface of the mat.
2. An athlete may start his approach on the banking of the oval track
provided that the last 15m of his run up is on a runway complying
with Rules 182.3, 182.4 and 182.5.
RULE 220
Pole Vault
Runway
An athlete may start his approach on the banking of the oval track
provided that the last 40m of his run up is on a runway complying with
Rules 183.6 and 183.7.
RULE 221
Horizontal Jumps
Runway
An athlete may start his approach on the banking of the oval track
provided that the last 40m of his run up is on a runway complying with
Rules 184.1 and 184.2.
RULES 218, 219, 220, 221
238
RULE 222
Shot Put
Landing Sector
1. The landing sector shall consist of some suitable material on which
the shot will make an imprint, but which will minimise any bounce.
2. Where necessary to ensure the safety of spectators, officials and
athletes, the landing sector shall be enclosed at the far end and on the
two sides by a stop barrier and/or protective netting, placed as close
to the circle as required. The recommended minimum height of the
netting should be 4m and sufficient to stop a shot, whether in flight
or bouncing from the landing surface.
3. In view of the limited space inside an indoor arena, the area enclosed
by the stop barrier may not be large enough to include a full 34.92
sector. The following conditions shall apply to any such restriction.
(a) The stop barrier at the far end shall be at least 0.50m beyond the
current World Record in Shot Put for men or women.
(b) The sector lines on either side shall be symmetrical about the
centre line of the 34.92 sector.
(c) The sector lines may either run radially from the centre of the
Shot Put circle including a full 34.92 sector, or may be parallel
to each other and the centre line of the 34.92 sector. Where the
sector lines are parallel, the minimum separation of the two
sector lines shall be 9m.
Construction of the Shot
4. Depending on the type of landing area (see Rule 222.1), the shot shall
be either solid metal or metal cased or, alternatively, soft plastic or
rubber casing with a suitable filling. Both types of shot may not be
used in the same competition.
Solid Metal or Metal Cased Shot
5. These shall comply with Rule 188.4 and 188.5, for the Shot Put
outdoors.
Plastic or Rubber Cased Shot
6. The shot shall have a soft plastic or rubber case with a suitable filling
such that no damage shall be caused when landing on a normal sports
hall floor. It shall be spherical in shape and its surface finish shall be
smooth. To be smooth, the surface average height must be less than
1.6m, i.e. a roughness number N7 or less.
7. The shot shall conform to the following specifications:
239
RULE 222

Record:
3.000kg
4.000kg
5.000kg
6.000kg
7.260kg
3.005kg
4.005kg
5.005kg
6.005kg
7.265kg
3.025kg
4.025kg
5.025kg
6.025kg
7.285kg
Minimum 85mm
95mm
100mm
105mm
110mm
Maximum 120mm
130mm
135mm
140mm
145mm
Diameter:
RULE 223
Combined Events Competitions
Youth Boys, Junior and Senior Men (Pentathlon)
1. The Pentathlon consists of five events, which shall be held on one
day in the following order:
60m Hurdles; Long Jump; Shot Put; High Jump; 1000m.
Youth Boys, Junior and Senior Men (Heptathlon)
2. The Heptathlon consists of seven events which shall be held over two
consecutive days in the following order:
First day:
60m; Long Jump; Shot Put; High Jump.
Second day: 60m Hurdles; Pole Vault; 1000m.
Youth Girls, Junior and Senior Women (Pentathlon)
3. The Pentathlon consists of five events and shall be held on one day
in the following order:
60m Hurdles; High Jump; Shot Put; Long Jump; 800m.
Heats and Groups
4. Preferably four or more, and never less than three, athletes shall be
placed in each heat or group.
RULES 221, 222
240
SECTION VII - RACE WALKING EVENTS

RULE 230
Race Walking
Definition of Race Walking
1. Race Walking is a progression of steps so taken that the walker makes
contact with the ground, so that no visible (to the human eye) loss of
contact occurs. The advancing leg must be straightened (i.e. not bent
at the knee) from the moment of first contact with the ground until the
vertical upright position.
Judging
2. (a) The appointed judges of Race Walking shall elect a Chief Judge,
if one has not been appointed previously.
(b) All the Judges shall act in an individual capacity and their
judgements shall be based on observations made by the human
eye.
(c) In competitions held under Rule 1.1(a), all Judges shall be
International Race Walking Judges. In competitions held under
Rules 1.1(b), (c), (e), (f), (g) and (j), all Judges shall be either
Area or International Race Walking Judges.
(d) For Road Races, there should normally be a minimum of six to
a maximum of nine Judges including the Chief Judge.
(e) For Track Races, there should normally be six Judges including
the Chief Judge.
(f) In competitions held under Rule 1.1(a) not more than one Judge
from any Country can officiate.
Chief Judge
3. (a) In competitions held under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c), (d) and (f), the
Chief Judge has the power to disqualify an athlete in the last
100m, when his mode of progression obviously fails to comply
with the Rule 230.1 regardless of the number of previous Red
Cards the Chief Judge has received on that athlete. An athlete
who is disqualified by the Chief Judge under these circumstances
shall be allowed to finish the race. He shall be notified of this
disqualification by the Chief Judge or a Chief Judges Assistant
by showing the athlete a red paddle at the earliest opportunity
after the athlete has finished the race.
241
RULE 230
(b) The Chief Judge shall act as the supervising official for the
competition, and act as a Judge only in the special situation noted
in Rule 230.3(a). In competitions held under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c)
and (f), two or more Chief Judges Assistants shall be appointed.
The Chief Judges Assistant(s) are to assist with the notification
of disqualifications only and shall not act as Race Walking
Judges.
(c) For all competitions held under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c) and (f), an
official in charge of the Posting Board(s) and a Chief Judges
Recorder shall be appointed.
Yellow Paddle
4. When a judge is not completely satisfied that an athlete is fully
complying with Rule 230.1, he should, where possible, show the
athlete a yellow paddle with the symbol of the offence on each side.
An athlete cannot be shown a second yellow paddle by the same
Judge for the same offence. Having shown a yellow paddle to an
athlete, the Judge shall inform the Chief Judge of his action after the
competition.
Red Cards
5. When a Judge observes an athlete failing to comply with Rule 230.1
by exhibiting visible loss of contact or a bent knee during any part of
the competition, the Judge shall send a Red Card to the Chief Judge.
Disqualification
6. (a) When three Red Cards from three different Judges have been
sent to the Chief Judge on the same athlete, the athlete is
disqualified and he shall be notified of this disqualification by
the Chief Judge or a Chief Judges Assistant by being shown a
red paddle. The failure to give notification shall not result in the
reinstatement of a disqualified athlete.
(b) In competitions under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c) or (e), in no
circumstances shall the Red Cards of two Judges of the same
nationality have the power to disqualify.
(c) In Track Races, an athlete who is disqualified shall immediately
leave the track and, in Road Races, shall, immediately after
being disqualified, remove the distinguishing bibs and leave the
course. Any disqualified athlete who fails to leave the course or
track may be liable to further disciplinary action in accordance
with Rules 60.4(f) and 145.2.
RULE 230
242
(d) One or more Posting Boards shall be placed on the course and
near the finish to keep athletes informed about the number of
Red Cards that have been sent to the Chief Judge for each
athlete. The symbol of each offence should also be indicated on
the Posting Board.
(e) For all Rule 1.1(a) competitions, hand held computer devices
with transmission capability must be used by the judges to
communicate all Red Cards to the Recorder and the Posting
Board(s). In all other competitions, in which such a system is
not used, the Chief Judge, immediately after the end of the event,
shall report to the Referee the identification of all athletes
disqualified under Rule 230.3(a) or 230.6(a), by indicating the
bib identification, the time of the notification and the offences;
the same shall be done for all the athletes who received Red
Cards.
Start
7. The races shall be started by the firing of a gun. The commands for
races longer than 400m shall be used (Rule 162.2(b)). In races which
include a large number of athletes, five-minute, three-minute and oneminute warnings before the start of the race should be given. On the
command On your marks, the athletes shall assemble on the start
line in the manner determined by the organisers. The Starter shall
ensure that no athlete has his foot (or any part of his body) touching
the start line or the ground in front of it, and shall then start the race.
Safety and Medical
8. (a) The Organising Committee of Race Walking events shall ensure
the safety of athletes and officials. In competitions held under
Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c) and (f), the Organising Committee shall
ensure that the roads used for the competition are closed to
motorised traffic in all directions.
(b) A hands-on medical examination during the progress of an event
by the official medical staff appointed by the Organising
Committee and identified by armbands, vests or similar
distinctive apparel shall not be considered assistance.
(c) An athlete shall retire at once from the race if ordered to do so
by the Medical Delegate or a member of the official medical
staff.
243
RULE 230
Drinking / Sponging and Refreshment Stations in Road Events

9. (a) Water and other suitable refreshments shall be available at the
start and finish of all races.
(b) For all events of 5km or longer up to and including 10km, water
only drinking / sponging stations shall be provided at suitable
intervals if weather conditions warrant such provision.
Note: Mist stations may also be arranged, when considered
appropriate under certain organisational and/or climatic
conditions.
(c) For all events longer than 10km, refreshment stations shall be
provided every lap. In addition, water only drinking / sponging
stations shall be placed approximately midway between the
refreshment stations or more frequently if weather conditions
warrant such provision.
(d) Refreshments, which may be provided by either the Organising
Committee or the athlete, shall be placed at the stations so that
they are easily accessible to, or may be put by authorised persons
into the hands of, the athletes.
(e) Such authorised persons may not enter the course nor obstruct
any athlete. They may hand the refreshment to the athlete either
from behind, or from a position no more than one metre to the
side, but not in front, of the table.
(f) In competitions held under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c) and (f), a
maximum of two officials per Country may be stationed behind
the table at any one time. No official or authorised person shall,
under any circumstances, run beside an athlete while he is taking
refreshment or water.
Note: For an event in which a Country may be represented by
more than three athletes, the Technical Regulations may allow
additional officials at the refreshment tables.
(g) An athlete may, at any time, carry water or refreshment by hand
or attached to his body provided it was carried from the start or
collected or received at an official station.
(h) An athlete who receives or collects refreshment or water from a
place other than the official stations, except where provided for
medical reasons from or under the direction of race officials, or
takes the refreshment of another athlete, should, for a first such
offence, be warned by the Referee normally by showing a yellow
card. For a second offence, the Referee shall disqualify the
athlete, normally by showing a red card. The athlete shall then
immediately leave the course.
RULE 230
244
Road Courses
10. (a) The circuit shall be no shorter than 1km and no longer than 2km.
For events that start and finish in the stadium, the circuit should
be located as close as possible to the stadium.
(b) Road courses shall be measured in accordance with Rule 240.3.
Race Conduct
11. In events of 20km or more, an athlete may leave the road or track
with the permission and under the supervision of an official, provided
that by going off course he does not lessen the distance to be covered.
12. If the Referee is satisfied on the report of a Judge or Umpire or
otherwise that an athlete has left the marked course thereby
shortening the distance to be covered, he shall be disqualified.
13. In competitions held under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c) and (f), the events
shall be scheduled to start and finish in daylight.
245
RULE 230
SECTION VIII - ROAD RACES

RULE 240
Road Races
Distances
1. The standard distances shall be: 10km, 15km, 20km, Half-Marathon,
25km, 30km, Marathon (42.195km), 100km and Road Relay.
Note: It is recommended that the Road Relay race be run over the
Marathon distance, ideally over a 5km loop course, with stages of
5km, 10km, 5km, 10km, 5km, 7.195km. For a junior Road Relay, the
recommended distance is a Half-Marathon with stages of 5km, 5km,
5km, 6.098km.
Course
2. The races shall be run on made-up roads. However, when traffic or
similar circumstances make it unsuitable, the course, duly marked,
may be on a bicycle path or footpath alongside the road, but not on
soft ground such as grass verges or the like. The start and finish may
be within an athletic arena.
Note (i): It is recommended that, for Road Races staged over
standard distances, the start and finish points, measured along a
theoretical straight line between them should not be further apart
than 50% of the race distance. For approval of Records, see Rule
260.28 (b).
Note (ii): It is acceptable for the start, finish and other segments of
the race to be conducted on grass or other non-paved surfaces. These
segments shall be kept to a minimum.
3. The course shall be measured along the shortest possible route that an
athlete could follow within the section of the road permitted for use
in the race.
In all competitions under Rules 1.1(a) and, where possible, (b), (c)
and (f), the measurement line should be marked along the course in
a distinctive colour that cannot be mistaken for other markings.
The length of the course shall not be less than the official distance
for the event. In competitions under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c) and (f), the
uncertainty in the measurement shall not exceed 0.1% (i.e. 42m for
the Marathon) and the length of the course should have been certified
in advance by an IAAF approved course measurer.
RULE 240
246
4.
5.
Note (i): For measurement, the Calibrated Bicycle Method shall be

used.
Note (ii): To prevent a course from being found to be short on future
re-measurement, it is recommended that a short course prevention
factor be built in when laying out the course. For bicycle
measurements this factor should be 0.1% which means that each km
on the course will have a measured length of 1001m.
Note (iii): If it is intended that parts of the course on race day will be
defined by the use of non-permanent equipment such as cones,
barricades, etc. their positioning shall be decided not later than the
time of the measurement and the documentation of such decisions
shall be included in the measurement report.
Note (iv): It is recommended that for Road Races staged over
standard distances, the overall decrease in elevation between the
start and finish should not exceed 1:1000, i.e. 1m per km (0.1%). For
approval of Records, see Rule 260.28 (c).
Note (v): A course measurement certificate is valid for 5 years, after
which the course shall be re-measured even when there are no
obvious changes to it.
The distance in kilometres on the route shall be displayed to all
athletes.
For Road Relays, lines 50mm wide shall be drawn across the course
to mark the distances of each stage and to denote that scratch line.
Similar lines shall be drawn 10m before and 10m after the scratch
line to denote the takeover zone. All takeover procedures, which,
unless otherwise specified by the organisers, shall comprise a
physical contact between the incoming and outgoing athletes, shall be
completed within this zone.
Start
6. The races shall be started by the firing of a gun, cannon, air horn or
like device. The commands for races longer than 400m shall be used
(Rule 162.2(b)). In races which include a large number of athletes,
five-minute, three-minute and one-minute warnings before the start of
the race should be given. On the command On your marks, the
athletes shall assemble on the start line in the manner determined by
the organisers. The Starter shall ensure that no athlete has his foot (or
any part of his body) touching the start line or the ground in front of
it, and shall then start the race.
247
RULE 240
Safety and Medical

7. (a) Organising Committees of Road Races shall ensure the safety
of athletes and officials. In competitions held under Rules 1.1(a),
(b), (c) and (f), the Organising Committee shall ensure that the
roads used for the competition are closed to motorised traffic in
all directions.
staff.
Drinking / Sponging and Refreshment Stations
8. (a) Water and other suitable refreshments shall be available at the
start and finish of all races.
(b) For all events, water shall be available at suitable intervals of
approximately 5km. For events longer than 10km, refreshments
other than water may be made available at these points.
Note (i): Where conditions warrant, taking into account the
nature of the event, the weather conditions and the state of fitness
of the majority of the competitors, water and/or refreshments
may be placed at more regular intervals along the route.
Note (ii): Mist stations may also be arranged, when considered
appropriate under certain organisational and/or climatic
conditions.
(c) Refreshments may include drinks, energy supplements,
foodstuffs or any other item other than water. The Organising
Committee will determine which refreshments it will provide
based on prevailing conditions.
(d) Refreshments will normally be provided by the Organising
Committee but it may permit athletes to provide their own, in
which case the athlete shall nominate at which stations they shall
be made available to him. Refreshments provided by the athletes
shall be kept under the supervision of officials designated by the
Organising Committee from the time that the refreshments are
lodged by the athletes or their representatives. Those officials
shall ensure that the refreshments are not altered or tampered
with in any way.
(e) The Organising Committee shall delineate, by barriers, tables or
markings on the ground, the area from which refreshments can
RULE 240
248
be received or collected. It should not be directly in the line of

the measured route. Refreshments shall be placed so that they
are easily accessible to, or may be put by authorised persons into
the hands of, the athletes. Such persons shall remain inside the
designated area and not enter the course nor obstruct any athlete.
No official or authorised person shall, under any circumstances,
run beside an athlete while he is taking refreshment or water.
(f) In competitions held under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c) and (f), a
maximum of two officials per Country may be stationed behind
the area designated for their Country at any one time.
Note: For an event in which a Country may be represented by
more than three athletes, the Technical Regulations may allow
additional officials at the refreshment tables.
(g) An athlete may, at any time, carry water or refreshment by hand
or attached to his body provided it was carried from the start or
collected or received at an official station.
(h) An athlete who receives or collects refreshment or water from a
place other than the official stations, except where provided for
medical reasons from or under the direction of race officials, or
takes the refreshment of another athlete, should, for a first such
offence, be warned by the Referee normally by showing a yellow
card. For a second offence, the Referee shall disqualify the
athlete, normally by showing a red card. The athlete shall then
immediately leave the course.
Race Conduct
9. In Road Races, an athlete may leave the road or track with the
permission and under the supervision of an official, provided that by
going off course he does not lessen the distance to be covered.
249
RULE 240
SECTION IX - CROSS-COUNTRY AND MOUNTAIN RACES

RULE 250
Cross-Country Races
General
1. There are extreme variations in conditions in which Cross-Country
Running and Mountain Running are practised throughout the world
and it is difficult to legislate international standardisation of this sport.
It must be accepted that the difference between very successful and
unsuccessful events often lies in the natural characteristics of the
venue and the abilities of the course designer. The following Rules
are intended as a guide and incentive to assist countries to develop
Cross-Country Running and Mountain Running.
Course
2. (a) The course must be designed on an open or woodland area,
covered as far as possible by grass, with natural obstacles, which
can be used by the course designer to build a challenging and
interesting race course.
(b) The area must be wide enough to accommodate not only the
course but also all the necessary facilities.
3. For Championships and international events and, wherever possible,
for other competitions:
(a) A loop course must be designed, with the loop measuring
between 1500m and 2000m. If necessary, a small loop can be
added in order to adjust the distances to the required overall
distances of the various events, in which case the small loop
must be run in the early stages of the event. It is recommended
that each long loop should have a total ascent of at least 10m.
(b) Existing natural obstacles shall be used if possible. However,
very high obstacles should be avoided, as should deep ditches,
dangerous ascents / descents, thick undergrowth and, in general,
any obstacle which would constitute a difficulty beyond the aim
of the competition. It is preferable that artificial obstacles should
not be used but if such use is unavoidable, they should be made
to simulate natural obstacles met within open country. In races
where there are large numbers of athletes, narrow gaps or other
hindrances which would deny the athletes an unhampered run
shall be avoided for the first 1500m.
RULE 250
250
4.
(c) The crossing of roads or any kind of macadamised surfaces shall

be avoided or at least kept to a minimum. When it is impossible
to avoid such conditions in one or two areas of the course, the
areas must be covered by grass, earth or mats.
(d) Apart from the start and finish areas, the course must not contain
any other long straight. A natural, undulating course with
smooth curves and short straights, is the most suitable.
(a) The course shall be clearly marked with tape on both sides. It is
recommended that all along one side of the course a 1m wide
corridor, heavily fenced from the outside of the course, shall be
installed for the use of organisation officials and media only
(obligatory for Championship events). Crucial areas must be
heavily fenced; in particular the start area (including the warmup area and the call room) and finish area (including any mixed
zone). Only accredited people will be allowed access to these
areas.
(b) The general public shall only be allowed to cross the course in
the early stages of a race at well organised cross-over points,
marshalled by stewards.
(c) It is recommended that, apart from the start and finish areas, the
course be a width of 5 metres, including the obstacle areas.
Distances
5. Distances at IAAF World Cross-Country Championships should be
approximately:
Men
Junior Men
12km
8km
Women
Junior Women
8km
6km
The distances recommended for Youth competitions should be

approximately:
Youth Boys
6km
Youth Girls
4km
It is recommended that similar distances be used for other

International and National competitions.
Start
races longer than 400m shall be used (Rule 162.2(b)).
251
RULE 250
In races which include a large number of athletes, five-minute, threeminute and one-minute warnings should be given.
Departure boxes shall be provided for teams races and the members
of each team shall be lined up behind each other at the start of the
race. In other races, the athletes shall be lined up in the manner
determined by the organisers. On the command On your marks, the
starter shall ensure that no athlete has his foot (or any part of his body)
touching the start line or the ground in front of it, and shall then start
the race.
Safety and Medical
7. (a) Organising Committees of Cross-Country Races shall ensure the
safety of athletes and officials.
staff.
8. Water and other suitable refreshments shall be available at the start
and finish of all races. For all events, a drinking / sponging station
shall be provided every lap, if weather conditions warrant such
provision.
Race Conduct
RULE 251
Mountain Races
Course
1. (a) Mountain Races take place on terrain that is mainly off-road,
unless there is significant elevation gain on the route in which
case a macadamised surface is acceptable.
(b) The course should not include dangerous sections.
(c) Athletes shall not use supplementary aid(s) to assist their
progress on course.
RULES 250, 251
252
(d) The profile of the course involves either considerable amounts of

ascent (for mainly uphill races), or ascent / descent (for up and
down races with start and finish at the same level).
(e) The average incline should include a minimum of 5% (or 50
metres per kilometre) and not exceed 20% (or 200 metres per
kilometre).
(f) The highest point on the course should not exceed 3000 metres
altitude.
(g) The entire course shall be clearly marked and include kilometre
marks.
(h) Natural obstacles or challenging points along the course should
be additionally marked.
(i) A detailed course map must be provided along with a profile
using the following scales:
Altitude: 1/10,000
(10mm = 100m)
Distance: 1/50,000
(10mm = 500m)
Types of Mountain Races
2. (a) Classic Mountain Races
For Championships, the recommended distances and total
amount of ascent should be approximately:
Mainly Uphill
Distance
Senior Men
12km
Senior Women 8km

Junior Men
Ascent
Up and down races

Distance
Ascent
1200m
12km
600m/750m
800m
8km
400m/500m
8km
800m
8km
400m/500m
Junior Women 4km
400m
4km
200m/250m
Youth Boys
5km
500m
5km
250m/300m
Youth Girls
3km
300m
3km
150m/200m
(b) Long Distance Mountain Races

Long distance Mountain Race courses include distances of
approximately 20km to 42,195km, with a maximum elevation
of 4000m. Participants under the age of 18 years should not
compete at distances exceeding 25km.
(c) Relay Mountain Races
(d) Time Trial Mountain Races
253
RULE 251
Mountain Races with individual start times at various intervals are

considered time trials. The results are ordered by the individual finish
times.
Start
races longer than 400m shall be used (Rule 162.2(b)).
In races which include a large number of athletes, five-minute, threeminute and one-minute warnings before the start of the race should
be given.
Departure boxes shall be provided for teams races and the members
of each team shall be lined up behind each other at the start of the
race. In other races, the athletes shall be lined up in the manner
determined by the organisers. On the command On your marks, the
starter shall ensure that no athlete has his foot (or any part of his body)
touching the start line or the ground in front of it, and shall then start
the race.
Safety and Medical
4. (a) Organising Committees of Mountain Races shall ensure the
safety of athletes and officials.
staff.
5. Water and other suitable refreshments shall be available at the start
and finish of all races. Additional drinking / sponging stations may be
provided at suitable places along the course, if the length and
difficulty of the race and the weather conditions warrant such
provision.
Race Conduct
RULE 251
254
SECTION X - WORLD RECORDS

RULE 260
World Records
General Conditions
1. The Record shall be made in a bona fide competition which has been
duly arranged, advertised and authorised before the day of the event
by the Member in whose Country or Territory the event takes place
and which has been conducted under the Rules.
2. The athlete achieving the Record must have been eligible to compete
under the Rules and must have been under the jurisdiction of a
Member of the IAAF.
3. When a World Record is set, the Member in the Country where the
Record performance was set shall collect together, without delay, all
the information required for ratification of the Record by the IAAF.
No performance shall be regarded as a World Record until it has been
ratified by the IAAF. The Member should immediately inform the
IAAF of its intention to submit the performance.
4. The official application form of the IAAF shall be completed and
dispatched to the IAAF Office within 30 days. Forms are available,
on request, from the IAAF Office, or may be downloaded from the
IAAF website. If the application concerns a foreign athlete (or a
foreign team), a duplicate of the form shall be sent within the same
period to the Member Federation of the athlete (or team).
5. The Member of the Country where the Record was set shall send,
with the official application form:
The printed programme of the competition;
The complete results of the event;
The photo finish and zero control test image (see Rule
260.22(c)).
6. Each athlete who sets a World Record (as defined in Rule 260.8) must
submit to doping control at the end of the event, to be conducted in
accordance with the Rules and IAAF Anti-Doping Regulations
currently in force. In the case of a Relay Record, all members of the
team must be tested.
The sample(s) collected shall be sent for analysis to a WADAaccredited laboratory and the result(s) sent to the IAAF to be added
to the other information required by the IAAF for the ratification of
255
RULE 260
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
the Record. If such testing results in a doping violation, or if such a

testing is not conducted, the IAAF shall not ratify this Record.
If an athlete has admitted that, at some time prior to achieving a
World Record, he had used or taken advantage of a substance or
technique prohibited at that time, then, subject to the advice of the
Medical and Anti-Doping Commission, such Record will not
continue to be regarded as a World Record by the IAAF.
The following categories of World Records are accepted by the
IAAF:
(a) World Records;
(b) World Junior Records;
(c) World Indoor Records;
(d) World Junior Indoor Records.
For individual events, at least three athletes and for relay events, at
least two teams, must be bona fide competitors in the event.
The Record shall be better than or equal to the existing World Record
for that event, as accepted by the IAAF. If a Record is equalled it
shall have the same status as the original Record.
Records made in preliminary rounds, in deciding ties in High Jump
and Pole Vault, in any event or part of an event which is subsequently
decreed void under the provisions of Rules 125.7 or 146.4(b), or in
individual events in Combined Events competitions, regardless of
whether or not the athlete completes the whole Combined Events
competition, may be submitted for ratification.
The President and the General Secretary of the IAAF together are
authorised to recognise World Records. If they are in any doubt
whether or not the Record should be accepted, the case shall be
referred to the Council for decision.
When a World Record has been ratified, the IAAF will so inform the
athletes National Federation, the Federation applying for the Record
and the relevant Area Association.
The IAAF will supply the official World Record Plaques, for
presentation to World Record holders.
If the record is not ratified, the IAAF will give the reasons.
The IAAF shall update the official List of World Records every time
a new World Record has been ratified. This list shall represent the
performances regarded by the IAAF as being, from the date of the
list, the best performances yet set by an athlete or team of athletes in
each of the recognised events listed in Rules 261, 262, 263, 264.
The IAAF shall publish this list on 1 January of each year.
RULE 260
256
Specific Conditions
18. Except in Road Events:
(a) The Record shall be made in an IAAF certified athletics facility
or event site which conforms to Rule 140 with or without roof.
The construction of the track, runway, landing area and/or
throwing circle used shall comply with the specifications in the
IAAF Track and Field Facilities Manual. For Indoor Records,
see also Rule 260.21.
(b) For any Record at any distance of 200m or more to be
recognised, the track on which it was made shall not exceed
402.3m (440 yards) and the race shall have started on some part
of the perimeter. This limitation does not apply to the
Steeplechase events where the Water Jump is placed outside a
normal 400m track.
(c) The Record for an oval Track Event shall be made in a lane
where the running line radius does not exceed 50m, except where
the bend is formed with two different radii, in which case the
longer of the two arcs should not account for more than 60 of
the 180 turn.
(d) Except for Field Events conducted as provided in Rule 147, no
performance set by an athlete will be recognised if it has been
accomplished during a mixed competition.
19. Records outdoors may be made only on a track which conforms to
Rule 160.
20. For World Junior Records:
Unless the athletes date of birth has been previously confirmed by
IAAF, the first application on behalf of that athlete shall be
accompanied by a copy of his passport, birth certificate or similar
official document which confirms his date of birth.
21. For World Indoor Records:
(a) The Record shall have been made in an IAAF certified athletics
facility or event site, which complies with Rule 211 and 213 as
applicable.
(b) For races of 200m and over, the oval track may not have a
nominal length of more than 201.2m (220 yards).
(c) The Record may be made on an oval track with a nominal length
less than 200m provided that the distance run is within permitted
tolerance for the distance.
(d) Any straight track shall comply with Rule 212.
22. For World Records in Running and Race Walking Events:
The following conditions must be respected:
257
RULE 260
(a) The Records shall be timed by official Timekeepers, by an

approved Fully Automatic Photo Finish System or Transponder
System (see Rule 165).
(b) For races up to and including 800m (including 4 200m and 4
400m), only performances timed by an approved Fully
Automatic Photo Finish System conforming to the relevant
sections of Rule 165 shall be accepted.
(c) In the case of a Track Record where Fully Automatic Timing
was in operation, the photo finish image and the zero control test
must be included in the documentation sent to the IAAF.
(d) For all Records made outdoors up to and including 200m,
information concerning wind velocity, measured as indicated in
Rules 163.8 to 163.13 inclusive, shall be submitted. If the wind
velocity, measured in the direction of running, behind the athlete
averages more than 2 metres per second, the Record will not be
accepted.
(e) In a race run in lanes, no Record will be accepted where the
athlete has run on or inside the inner curved border of his lane.
(f) For all Records up to and including 400m (including 4 200m
and 4 400m) under Rules 261 and 263, starting blocks linked
to an IAAF approved false start control apparatus under Rule
161.2 must have been used and have functioned correctly so that
reaction times were obtained.
23. For World Records set over multiple distances in the same race:
(a) A race shall be stated to be over one distance only.
(b) However, a race based on the distance covered over a given time
may be combined with a race over a fixed distance (for example,
1 Hour and 20,000m - see Rule 164.3).
(c) It is permissible for the same athlete to accomplish any number
of Records in the same race.
(d) It is permissible for several athletes to accomplish different
Records in the same race.
(e) However, it is not permissible for an athlete to be credited with
a Record at a shorter distance if he did not finish the full distance
of that race.
24. For World Records in Relay Events:
(a) They may be made only by a team, all of whose members are
Citizens of a single Member Country. Citizenship may be
obtained in any of the ways referred to in Rule 5.
RULE 260
258
25.
26.
27.
28.
(b) A colony which is not a separate Member of the IAAF shall be

deemed, for the purpose of this Rule, to be part of its Mother
Country.
(c) The time set by the first athlete in a relay team may not be
submitted as a Record.
For World Records in Race Walking Events:
At least three Judges who are either IAAF Level or Area Level
International Race Walking Judges shall be officiating during the
competition and shall sign the application form.
For World Records in Field Events:
(a) The performances shall be measured either by three Field Judges
using a calibrated and certified steel tape or bar or by an
approved scientific measuring apparatus, the accuracy of which
has been confirmed by a qualified Measurement Judge.
(b) In the Long Jump and Triple Jump conducted outdoors,
information concerning wind velocity, measured as indicated in
Rules 184.10, 184.11 and 184.12 shall be submitted. If the wind
velocity measured in the direction of jumping behind the athlete
averages more than 2 metres per second, the Record will not be
accepted.
(c) World Records may be credited for more than one performance
in a competition, provided that each Record so recognised shall
have been equal or superior to the best previous performance at
that moment.
(d) In Throwing Events, the implement used shall have been
checked prior to the competition in accordance with Rule 123. If
the Referee becomes aware during an event that a record has
been equalled or bettered, he shall immediately mark the
implement used and undertake a check to ascertain whether it
still complies with the Rules or if there has been any change in
characteristics. Normally, such implement shall be checked
again after the event.
For World Records in Combined Events:
The conditions shall have been complied with in each of the
individual events, except that, in events where wind velocity is
measured, the average velocity (based on the algebraic sum of the
wind velocities, as measured for each individual event, divided by
the number of such events) shall not exceed plus 2 metres per second.
For World Records in Road Running Events:
(a) The course must be measured by one or more A or B grade
IAAF/AIMS approved measurers.
259
RULE 260
(b) The start and finish points of a course, measured along a

theoretical straight line between them, shall not be further apart
than 50% of the race distance.
(c) The overall decrease in elevation between the start and finish
shall not exceed 1:1000, i.e. 1m per km (0.1%).
(d) Any course measurer who originally measured the course or
another A or B grade measurer in possession of the complete
measurement data and maps must validate that the course
measured was the course run, normally by riding in the lead
vehicle.
(e) The course must be verified (i.e. re-measured) as late as possible
before the race, on the day of the race or as soon as practical
after the race, preferably by a different A grade measurer from
any of those who did the original measurement.
Note: If the course was originally measured by at least two A
grade or one A and one B grade measurers, and at least
one of them is present at the race to validate the course as per
Rule 260.28(d), no verification (re-measurement) under this
Rule 260.28(e) will be required.
(f) World Records in Road Running Events set at intermediate
distances within a race must comply with the conditions set
under Rule 260. The intermediate distances must have been
measured and marked during the course measurement and must
have been verified in accordance with Rule 260.28(e).
(g) For the Road Relay, the race shall be run in stages of 5km, 10km,
5km, 10km, 5km, 7.195km. The stages must have been
measured and marked during the course measurement with a
tolerance of 1% of the stage distance and must have been
verified in accordance with Rule 260.28(e).
29. For World Records in Road Race Walking Events:
(a) The course must be measured by one or more A or B grade
IAAF/AIMS approved measurers.
(b) The circuit shall be no shorter than 1km and no longer than 2km
with a possible start and finish in a stadium.
(c) Any course measurer who originally measured the course or
another A or B grade measurer in possession of the complete
measurement data and maps must validate that the course
measured was the course covered.
(d) The course must be verified (i.e. re-measured) as late as possible
before the race, on the day of the race or as soon as practical
RULE 260
260
after the race, preferably by a different A grade measurer from

any of those who did the original measurement.
Note: If the course was originally measured by at least two A
or one A and one B grade measurers, and at least one of
them is present at the race to validate the course as per Rule
260.29(c), no verification under this Rule 260.29(d) will be
required.
(e) World Records in Road Walking Events set at intermediate
distances within a race must comply with the conditions set
under Rule 260. The intermediate distances must have been
measured and marked during the course measurement and must
have been verified in accordance with Rule 260.29(d).
Note: It is recommended that national governing bodies and
Area Associations adopt similar rules to the above for the
recognition of their own records.
RULE 261
Events for which World Records are Recognised
Fully Automatically Timed performances (F.A.T.)
Hand Timed performances (H.T.)
Transponder Timed performances (T.T.)
Men
Running, Combined and Race Walking Events:
F.A.T. only:
100m; 200m; 400m; 800m;
110m Hurdles; 400m Hurdles;
4 100m Relay; 4 200m Relay; 4 400m Relay;
Decathlon.
F.A.T. or H.T.:
1000m; 1500m; 1 Mile; 2000m; 3000m;
5000m; 10,000m; 20,000m; 1 Hour; 25,000m;
30,000m; 3000m Steeplechase;
4 800m Relay; 4 1500m Relay;
Race Walking (Track): 20,000m; 30,000m, 50,000m.
F.A.T. or H.T.
or T.T.:
Road Races: 10km; 15km; 20km; Half Marathon;
25km; 30km; Marathon; 100km; Road Relay
(Marathon distance only);
Race Walking (Road): 20km; 50km.
Jumping Events:
High Jump; Pole Vault; Long Jump; Triple Jump.

261
RULES 260, 261
Throwing Events:
Shot Put; Discus Throw; Hammer Throw; Javelin

Throw.
Women
F.A.T. only:
100m; 200m; 400m; 800m;
4 100m Relay; 4 200m Relay; 4 400m Relay;
Heptathlon; Decathlon.
F.A.T. or H.T.:
1000m; 1500m; 1 Mile; 2000m; 3000m;
5000m; 10,000m; 20,000m; 1 Hour; 25,000m;
30,000m; 3000m Steeplechase;
Race Walking (Track): 10,000m; 20,000m.
F.A.T. or H.T.
or T.T.:
Road Races: 10km; 15km; 20km; Half Marathon;
25km; 30km; Marathon; 100km; Road Relay
(Marathon distance only);
Race Walking (Road): 20km.
Note: Except Race Walking competitions, IAAF shall keep two World
Records for women in Road Races: a World Record for performance
achieved in mixed gender races and a World Record for performance
achieved in single gender races.
Jumping Events:
Throwing Events:

Throw.
RULE 262
Events for which World Junior Records are Recognised
Transponder Timed performances (T.T.)
Junior Men
F.A.T. only:
100m; 200m; 400m; 800m;
Decathlon.
F.A.T. or H.T.:
1000m; 1500m; 1 Mile; 3000m;
RULES 261, 262
262
5000m; 10,000m; 3000m Steeplechase;

Race Walking (Track): 10,000m.
F.A.T. or H.T.
or T.T.:
Jumping Events:
Throwing Events:

Shot Put; Discus; Hammer Throw; Javelin Throw.
Junior Women
F.A.T. only:
100m; 200m; 400m; 800m;
Heptathlon, Decathlon*.
F.A.T. or H.T.:
1000m; 1500m; 1 Mile; 3000m;
5000m; 10,000m; 3000m Steeplechase;
Race Walking (Track): 10,000m.
F.A.T. or H.T.
or T.T.:
Jumping Events:
Throwing Events:

Throw.
*Only ratified if over 7300 points.
RULE 263
Events for which World Indoor Records are Recognised
Men
F.A.T. only:
50m; 60m; 200m; 400m; 800m;
Heptathlon.
F.A.T. or H.T.:
1000m; 1500m; 1 Mile; 3000m; 5000m;
4 800m Relay;
Race Walking: 5000m.
Jumping Events:
Throwing Event:

Shot Put.
263
RULES 262, 263
Women
F.A.T. only:
50m; 60m; 200m; 400m; 800m;
Pentathlon.
F.A.T. or H.T.:
1000m; 1500m; 1 Mile; 3000m; 5000m;
4 800m Relay;
Race Walking: 3000m.
Jumping Events:
Throwing Event:

Shot Put.
RULE 264
Events for which World Junior Indoor Records are Recognised
Men
Running and Combined Events:
F.A.T. only:
60m; 200m; 400m; 800m;
60m Hurdles;
Heptathlon.
F.A.T. or H.T.:
1000m; 1500m; 1 Mile; 3000m; 5000m.
Jumping Events:
Throwing Event:

Shot Put.
Women
Running and Combined Events:
F.A.T. only:
60m; 200m; 400m; 800m;
60m Hurdles;
Pentathlon.
F.A.T. or H.T.:
1000m; 1500m; 1 Mile; 3000m; 5000m.
Jumping Events:
Throwing Event:
RULES 263, 264

Shot Put.
264
COUNCIL
COMMITTEES
MEMBER FEDERATIONS
265
IAAF COUNCIL
2013-2015
PRESIDENT
Lamine DIACK (Senegal)
SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT
Robert HERSH (USA)
VICE PRESIDENTS
Dahlan Jumaan AL-HAMAD (Qatar)
Sergey BUBKA (Ukraine)
Sebastian COE (Great Britain and N.I.)
TREASURER
Valentin BALAKHNICHEV (Russia)
INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS
Ahmed Mohamed Alo AL KAMALI (United Arab Emirates)
Bernard AMSALEM (France)
Sylvia BARLAG (Netherlands)
Pauline DAVIS-THOMPSON (Bahamas)
Helmut DIGEL (Germany)
Zhaocai DU (P. R. China) Asia*
Nawal EL MOUTAWAKEL (Morocco)
Frank FREDERICKS (Namibia)
Geoff GARDNER (Norfolk Island) Oceania*
Roberto GESTA DE MELO (Brazil) South America*
Abby HOFFMAN (Canada)
Alberto JUANTORENA DANGER (Cuba)
Hamad KALKABA MALBOUM (Cameroon) Africa*
Isaiah F. KIPLAGAT (Kenya)
Victor LOPEZ (Puerto Rico) NACAC*
Jos Mara ODRIOZOLA (Spain)
Jung-Ki PARK (Korea)
Anna RICCARDI (Italy)
Irena SZEWINSKA (Poland)
Katsuyuki TANAKA (Japan)
Hansjrg WIRZ (Switzerland) Europe*
*Area Group Representatives
267
Council 2013-2015
HONORARY MEMBERS
HONORARY LIFE VICE PRESIDENTS

Hanji AOKI (Japan)
Ollan CASSELL (USA)
Amadeo I.D. FRANCIS (Puerto Rico)
Frederick HOLDER (Great Britain and N.I.)
Arne LJUNGQVIST (Sweden)
Dapeng LOU (P.R. China)
Jean POCZOBUT (France)
Robert STINSON (Great Britain and N.I.)
HONORARY LIFE PERSONAL MEMBERS

Hassan AGABANI (Sudan)
Eisa AL DASHTI (Kuwait)
Helio BABO (Brazil)
William F. BAILEY (Australia)
Pierre DASRIAUX (France)
Juan Manuel DE HOZ (Spain)
Arthur EUSTACE (New Zealand)
Mohamad HASAN (Indonesia)
Carl-Olaf HOMEN (Finland)
Csar MORENO BRAVO (Mexico)
Charles MUKORA (Kenya)
Maurice NICHOLAS (Singapore)
Jamel SIMOHAMED (Algeria)
Artur TAKAC (Croatia)
Igor TER-OVANESIAN (Russia)
Taizo WATANABE (Japan)
Georg WIECZISK (Germany)
Honorary Members
268
IAAF COMMITTEES
2011-2015
TECHNICAL COMMITTEE
Chairperson
Jorge SALCEDO (Portugal)
Members
Gabriel ABAD (Spain)
Filbert BAYI (Tanzania)
Pierre DELACOUR (France)
Sigyn EKWALL (Sweden)
Julio Roberto GOMEZ (Colombia)
Klaus HARTZ (Germany)
David KATZ (USA)
David LITTLEWOOD (Great Britain and N.I.)
Esther MAYNARD (Barbados)
Idalberto Jesus MOLINA HERNANDEZ (Cuba)
Anna RICCARDI (Italy)
Brian ROE (Australia)
Yukio SEKI (Japan)
Chunde SHEN (P. R. China)
Kari WAUHKONEN (Finland)
Vadim ZELICHENOK (Russia)
Honorary Life Chairperson
Carl-Gustav TOLLEMAR (Sweden)
269
Committees 2011-2015
WOMENS COMMITTEE
Chairperson
Claire CHEHAB (Lebanon)
Members
Maria Caridad COLON RUENES (Cuba)
Esther FITTKO (Germany)
Jakob LARSEN (Denmark)
Tatyana LEBEDEVA (Russia)
Young-Sun LEE (Korea)
Alberto MORINI (Italy)
Annette PURVIS (New Zealand)
Gabriela SZABO (Romania)
Anne E. TIMMONS (USA)
Carolina TORRES (Chile)
Sarra TOUIBI (Tunisia)
Maria WOPHILL (Nigeria)
Ilse BECHTHOLD (Germany)
RACE WALKING COMMITTEE
Chairperson
Maurizio DAMILANO (Italy)
Members
Khaled AMARA (Tunisia)
Sari ESSAYAH (Finland)
Fumio IMAMURA (Japan)
Robert KORZENIOWSKI (Poland)
Peter MARLOW (Great Britain and N.I.)
Fausto MENDOZA CAJAS (Ecuador)
Miguel Angel RODRIGUEZ (Mexico)
Maris PETERSON (Russia)
Luis SALADIE (Spain)
Jane SAVILLE (Australia)
Shande YANG (P. R. CHINA)
270
CROSS-COUNTRY COMMITTEE
Chairperson
David OKEYO (Kenya)
Members
Khaled AMARA (Tunisia)
Beatrice AYIKORU (Uganda)
David BEDFORD (Great Britain and N.I.)
Carlos CARDOSO (Portugal)
Siddig IBRAHIM (Sudan)
Luis Miguel LANDA (Spain)
Anne LORD (Australia)
Massimo MAGNANI (Italy)
Marcos OVIEDO (Venezuela)
Annette SERGENT (France)
Keisuke SAWAKI (Japan)
Olga SHIBAEVA (Russia)
Thelma WRIGHT (Canada)
Otto KLAPPERT (Germany)
271
IAAF
MEMBER FEDERATIONS
OFFICIAL ABBREVIATIONS
273
CAMBODIA (CAM)
CAMEROON (CMR)
CANADA (CAN)
CAPE VERDE ISLANDS (CPV)
CAYMAN ISLANDS (CAY)
CENTRAL AFRICAN
REPUBLIC (CAF)
CHAD (CHA)
CHILE (CHI)
CHINA (Peoples Republic of)
(CHN)
COLOMBIA (COL)
COMOROS (COM)
CONGO (CGO)
CONGO (Dem. Rep. of) (COD)
COOK ISLANDS (COK)
COSTA RICA (CRC)
CROATIA (CRO)
CUBA (CUB)
CYPRUS (CYP)
CZECH REPUBLIC (CZE)
AFGHANISTAN (AFG)
ALBANIA (ALB)
ALGERIA (ALG)
AMERICAN SAMOA (ASA)
ANDORRA (AND)
ANGOLA (ANG)
ANGUILLA (AIA)
ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA (ANT)
ARGENTINA (ARG)
ARMENIA (ARM)
ARUBA (ARU)
AUSTRALIA (AUS)
AUSTRIA (AUT)
AZERBAIJAN (AZE)
BAHAMAS (BAH)
BAHRAIN (BRN)
BANGLADESH (BAN)
BARBADOS (BAR)
BELARUS (BLR)
BELGIUM (BEL)
BELIZE (BIZ)
BENIN (BEN)
BERMUDA (BER)
BHUTAN (BHU)
BOLIVIA (BOL)
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA (BIH)
BOTSWANA (BOT)
BRAZIL (BRA)
BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS (IVB)
BRUNEI (BRU)
BULGARIA (BUL)
BURKINA FASO (BUR)
BURUNDI (BDI)
DENMARK (DEN)
DJIBOUTI (DJI)
DOMINICA (DMA)
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC (DOM)
275
ECUADOR (ECU)
EAST TIMOR (TLS)
EGYPT (EGY)
EQUATORIAL GUINEA (GEQ)
ERITREA (ERI)
ESTONIA (EST)
ETHIOPIA (ETH)
Member Federations
KENYA (KEN)
KIRIBATI (KIR)
KOREA (KOR)
KOREA (Democratic Republic of)
(PRK)
KUWAIT (KUW)
KYRGHYZSTAN (KGZ)
FIJI (FIJ)
FINLAND (FIN)
FRANCE (FRA)
FRENCH POLYNESIA (PYF)
GABON (GAB)
THE GAMBIA (GAM)
GEORGIA (GEO)
GERMANY (GER)
GHANA (GHA)
GIBRALTAR (GIB)
GREAT BRITAIN AND
NORTHERN IRELAND (GBR)
GREECE (GRE)
GRENADA (GRN)
GUAM (GUM)
GUATEMALA (GUA)
GUINEA (GUI)
GUINEA-BISSAU (GBS)
GUYANA (GUY)
LAOS (LAO)
LATVIA (LAT)
LEBANON (LIB)
LESOTHO (LES)
LIBERIA (LBR)
LIBYA (LBA)
LIECHTENSTEIN (LIE)
LITHUANIA (LTU)
LUXEMBOURG (LUX)
HAITI (HAI)
HONDURAS (HON)
HONG KONG-CHINA (HKG)
HUNGARY (HUN)
ICELAND (ISL)
INDIA (IND)
INDONESIA (INA)
IRAN (IRI)
IRAQ (IRQ)
IRELAND (IRL)
ISRAEL (ISR)
ITALY (ITA)
IVORY COAST (CIV)
JAMAICA (JAM)
JAPAN (JPN)
JORDAN (JOR)
KAZAKHSTAN (KAZ)
Member Federations
276
MACAO (MAC)
MACEDONIA (Former Yugoslav
Republic of) (MKD)
MADAGASCAR (MAD)
MALAWI (MAW)
MALAYSIA (MAS)
MALDIVES (MDV)
MALI (MLI)
MALTA (MLT)
MARSHALL ISLANDS (MHL)
MAURITANIA (MTN)
MAURITIUS (MRI)
MEXICO (MEX)
MICRONESIA (FSM)
MOLDOVA (MDA)
MONACO (MON)
MONGOLIA (MGL)
MONTENEGRO (MNE)
MONTSERRAT (MNT)
MOROCCO (MAR)
MOZAMBIQUE (MOZ)
MYANMAR (MYA)
SAUDI ARABIA (KSA)

SENEGAL (SEN)
SERBIA (SRB)
SEYCHELLES (SEY)
SIERRA LEONE (SLE)
SINGAPORE (SIN)
SLOVAK REPUBLIC (SVK)
SLOVENIA (SLO)
SOLOMON ISLANDS (SOL)
SOMALIA (SOM)
SOUTH AFRICA (RSA)
SPAIN (ESP)
SRI LANKA (SRI)
SUDAN (SUD)
SURINAM (SUR)
SWAZILAND (SWZ)
SWEDEN (SWE)
SWITZERLAND (SUI)
SYRIA (SYR)
NAMIBIA (NAM)
NAURU (NRU)
NEPAL (NEP)
NETHERLANDS (NED)
NEW ZEALAND (NZL)
NICARAGUA (NCA)
NIGER (NIG)
NIGERIA (NGR)
NORFOLK ISLAND (NFI)
NORTHERN MARIANAS
ISLANDS (NMI)
NORWAY (NOR)
OMAN (OMA)
PAKISTAN (PAK)
PALAU (PLW)
PALESTINE (PLE)
PANAMA (PAN)
PAPUA NEW GUINEA (PNG)
PARAGUAY (PAR)
PERU (PER)
PHILIPPINES (PHI)
POLAND (POL)
PORTUGAL (POR)
PUERTO RICO (PUR)
CHINESE TAIPEI (TPE)

TAJIKISTAN (TJK)
TANZANIA (TAN)
THAILAND (THA)
TOGO (TOG)
TONGA (TGA)
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO (TTO)
TUNISIA (TUN)
TURKEY (TUR)
TURKMENISTAN (TKM)
TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS (TKS)
TUVALU (TUV)
QATAR (QAT)
ROMANIA (ROU)
RUSSIA (RUS)
RWANDA (RWA)
SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS (SKN)
SAINT LUCIA (LCA)
SAINT VINCENT (VIN)
EL SALVADOR (ESA)
SAMOA (SAM)
SAN MARINO (SMR)
SAO TOME E PRINCIPE
(Dem. Rep. Of) (STP)
277
UGANDA (UGA)
UKRAINE (UKR)
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (UAE)
UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA (USA)
URUGUAY (URU)
UZBEKISTAN (UZB)
Member Federations
VANUATU (VAN)
VENEZUELA (VEN)
VIETNAM (VIE)
US VIRGIN ISLANDS (ISV)
YEMEN (Republic of) (YEM)
ZAMBIA (ZAM)
ZIMBABWE (ZIM)
Member Federations
278
INDEX OF
TECHNICAL RULES
279
INDEX OF TECHNICAL RULES

A
Absence during competition..............................180.19
Adhesive tape ....................................................170.11; 180.3
Advertising
Advertising Commissioner..........................139
Athletes bags..............................................138
Check in Call Room ....................................138
IAAF Advertising Rules and Regulations...139
Age Categories
Junior...........................................................141.1
Master..........................................................141.1
Minimum ages.............................................141.1 (Note ii)
Youth...........................................................141.1
Announcer
Duties ..........................................................134
Languages to be used ..................................134
Area Technical Officials (ATOs)
Appointment................................................110
Duties ..........................................................115
Assistance
Cross-Country .............................................250.8
Field Events
Bandage at the wrist..............................144.4(c)
Belt for support .....................................144.4(c)
Elbow protection...................................144.4(c)
Gloves ...................................................187.4(c)
Knee support .........................................144.4(c)
Taping of fingers and hand ...................187.4(a); 187.5(c)
Throwing Events...................................187.4-5
Use of substances..................................187.4(d); 187.5(a)
Wind sock .............................................144.3
General
Appliance ..............................................144.3(c)
Communication.....................................144.4(a)
Medical .................................................144.4(b)
Mobile phones.......................................144.3(b)
Personal electronic equipment ..............144.4(d)
Personal safeguards...............................144.4(c)
Shoes .....................................................143.2; 143.6
Technical device..........................................144.23(a)
Race Walking........................................230.9
281
Index
Road Races..................................................240.8(b); 240.9

Track Events
Drinks and sponging .............................144.4
Intermediate times.................................144.1
Pacing....................................................144.23(a)
Relay Races...........................................170.9
Athlete bibs........................................................143.7-9
Perforations .................................................143.8
Worn as issued ............................................143.8
B
Bandage .............................................................144.4(c)
Banking
Angle ...........................................................213.3
Finish line in relation to banking.................214.7
High Jump approach from banking.............219.2
Horizontal Jumps approach from banking ..221
Pole Vault approach from banking..............220
Start position in relation to banking ............214.7
Baton
Dimensions..................................................170.5
Dropping the baton......................................170.6
Position in relation to takeover zone ...........170.7
Starters Assistants responsibility ..............130.3
Bell
..............................................................131.2
Bibs see Athlete bibs
Blocks see Starting blocks
Bona fide effort see also Disqualification ......163.2; 260.9
Breakline
Dimensions..................................................163.5
For 800m and appropriate relays.................163.5; 170.13-16
For starts split into two groups....................162.10
Indoor provision ..........................................214.6
Use of cones to indicate line .......................163.5
C
Cages
Discus ..........................................................190
Hammer.......................................................192
Joint hammer and discus .............................192.6
Calibrated bicycle
Method intended for measuring road courses....240.3 (Note (i), (ii))
Call Room Judges duties ................................138
Index
282
Call Room Referee duties...............................125.2; 125.4-5; 138, 139

Cartwheeling technique see Shot Put
Certification
Implements ..................................................187.1-3
Road Race Courses .....................................240.3
Tracks ..........................................................140
Change of competition area or time ..................180.20
Check marks
Relay ...........................................................170.4
Clothing
Call Room check .........................................138
General regulations (including Indoors) .....143.1
Combined Events...............................................200
Competing order..........................................200.7
Conditions for Records ...............................260.11; 260.27
Decathlon
Event order
Boys ................................................200.2
Men.................................................200.2
Women............................................200.4
Delay between trials ..........................................180.18
Failure to attempt to start ............................200.10
False start ....................................................130.5; 162.7; 200.8(c)
Height progression ......................................181.4
Heptathlon
Event order indoors...............................223.3
Event order outdoors.............................200.3; 200.5
Indoors.........................................................223
Number of trials ..........................................200.8(a)
Pentathlon
Event order indoors...............................223.1; 223.3
Event order outdoors.............................200.1
Referee ........................................................200.6-7; 200.10
Rest interval between events .......................200.6
Scoring ........................................................200.11
Ties in final classification ...........................200.12
Timing .........................................................200.8(b); 200.9
Competing order Field Events
Initial order..................................................180.5
Order for the last three rounds of trials .......180.6
Qualifying round .........................................180.5
Competition Director duties ...........................121; 145.2
Competition Secretary duties .........................125.3; 132; 136
Cross bars ..........................................................181.7
Cross-Country....................................................250
Course design ..............................................250.3-4
283
Index
Distances .....................................................250.5
Drink and refreshment stations ...................250.8
Safety and medical ......................................250.7
Transponder timing .....................................165.24
Venue ..........................................................250.2
D
Decathlon...........................................................200.2; 200.4; 200.2
Delay between trials Field Events ..................180.16
Discus Throw
Assistance....................................................187.4-5
Cage.............................................................190
Circle ...........................................................187.6-8; 187.13
Leaving .................................................187.17(a)
Danger sector ..............................................190.5
Failure .........................................................187.14(b); 187.15-17
General conditions ......................................187
Implement details ........................................189.1-2
Landing sector .............................................187.10-12
Measurement of trial ...................................187.19-20
Disqualification from competition
Assistance....................................................144.2
Combined Events ........................................200.8(c); 200.10
Cross-Country .............................................250.9
Identification of infringement in results ...........142.4(c); 145
Unsporting or improper manner / conduct .125.5; 145.2; 162.5
Race Walking ..............................................230.6; 230.9(g); 230.12
Road Running..............................................240.8(h); 240.10
Track Events
Bona fide effort .....................................142.4(c)
False start ..............................................129.6; 130.5; 162.7
Hurdles..................................................168.7
Lane infringement.................................163.3
Obstruction............................................163.2
Relay .....................................................170.9-10; 170.13-18
Steeplechase..........................................169.7
Doping Control Delegate duties .....................110; 114
Draw
Combined Events ........................................200.7
Field Events.................................................180.5-6
Track Events
Indoors ..................................................215.2-3
Outdoors................................................166.2-6; 166.8
Drink and refreshment stations
Cross-Country .............................................250.8
Index
284
Race Walking ..............................................230.9

Road Races..................................................240.8
Track Events................................................144.4
E
Entries
Eligibility.....................................................142
Simultaneous entries ...................................142.3
Event Presentation Manager duties ................124
F
Failure
Jumps...........................................................180.18
High Jump.............................................181.2; 182.1; 182.2
Long Jump ............................................185.1
Pole Vault..............................................181.2; 183.2; 183.4
Triple Jump ...........................................185.1; 186.2
Throws.........................................................180.18
Discus....................................................187.14(b); 187.16-17
Hammer.................................................187.14(b); 187.16-17
Javelin ...................................................187.14(a)(d); 187.16-17;
193.1-2
Shot .......................................................187.14(a)(b)(c); 187.1617
To participate ..............................................142.4
False Start see Start
Finish line ..........................................................164.1-2
Finish of race .....................................................164.2
Fixed time races.................................................164.3
G
Gloves 187.4(c)
Green card .........................................................162.5, 162.8(Note)
H
Hammer Throw
Assistance....................................................187.4-5
Cage.............................................................192
Circle ...........................................................187.6-8
Leaving .................................................187.17(a)
Danger sector ..............................................192.7
285
Index
Failure .........................................................187.14(b); 187.16-17;

191.2-3
Gloves .........................................................187.4(c)
Landing sector .............................................187.10-12
Hand Timing......................................................165.1-12
Heats see also Draw........................................166.1-8
Time interval between rounds .....................166.7
Heptathlon .........................................................200.3; 200.5; 223.2
High Jump
Crossbar specifications................................181.7; 182.9
Crossbar support..........................................182.8
Elasticity of crossbar control.......................181.7
End pieces ...................................................181.7
Extraneous forces ........................................181.10
Failure .........................................................182.2
Combined Events ..................................181.4
Indoors.........................................................219
Landing area................................................182.10
Measurement of height................................181.5-6
Number of trials ..........................................181.2-4
Runway
Inclination .............................................182.4
Indoors ..................................................219
Length ...................................................182.3
Take off .......................................................182.5
Ties ..............................................................181.8
Uprights.......................................................182.6; 182.7
Horizontal Jumps...............................................184; 185; 186
Hurdles
Construction ................................................168.2; 168.5
Counterweights ...........................................168.2
Dimensions..................................................168.3
Disqualification ...........................................168.7
Distances and specifications .......................168.1
Indoors.........................................................217
Lane running ...............................................168.6-7
Positioning on track.....................................168.1
World Record ..............................................168.8-9
I
Implements see Official implements
Index
286
Indoor Stadium ..................................................211

International Cross-Country, Road Running
and Mountain Running Officials (ICROs)
Duties ..........................................................115
Selection ......................................................110
International Photo Finish Judge
Duties ..........................................................118; 165.20(Note)
Selection ......................................................110
International Race Walking Judges
Duties ..........................................................116
Selection ......................................................110; 230.2(d)
International Road Race Measurer
Duties ..........................................................117
Selection ......................................................110
International Starter
Duties ..........................................................118
Selection ......................................................110
International Technical Officials (ITOs)
Duties ..........................................................115
Selection ......................................................110
J
Javelin Throw
Assistance....................................................187.4-5
Failure .........................................................187.14(a)(d); 187.16-17;
193.1-2
Landing sector .............................................187.10-12
Measurement ...............................................187.19-20
Runway .......................................................187.9
Leaving .................................................187.17(b)
Unorthodox technique .................................193.1(a)
Valid throw..................................................193.1
Judges duties...................................................126
Jury of Appeal
Duties ..........................................................110; 146.1; 146.7-10
Number of members....................................119
Secretary to the Jury....................................119
Selection ......................................................110
K
Kerb
Indoors.........................................................213.1; 213.4(Note)
287
Index
Measuring track length................................160.1-3

Replaced by cones.......................................160.1
L
Lanes
Infringement ................................................163.3-5
Number of lanes ..........................................160.5
Width
Indoors ..................................................212.2; 213.2
Outdoors................................................160.4
Lap Indicator
Lap change ..................................................131.2
Ringing of bell.............................................131.2
Lap Scorer duties............................................131
Leaving the track or course ...............................163.6; 240.9
Location change in Field Events .......................180.20
Long Jump
Failures ........................................................185.1
Indoors.........................................................221
Landing area................................................184.6-7
Leaving .................................................185.1(f); 185.2
Measurement of jump .................................184.8-9
Plasticine indicator board ............................184.5
Runway .......................................................184.1-2
Take-off board.............................................184.3-4
Take-off line................................................185.3-4
Wind measurement......................................184.10-12
M
Manager
Event Presentation duties .........................124
Meeting duties ..........................................122
Technical duties .......................................123
Markers
Performance ................................................180.4
Field Events.................................................180.3
Lane.............................................................162.8
Marshal duties ................................................133
Masters definition...........................................141.1
Measurements....................................................148; 181.5-6; 184.8-9;
187.19-20
Measurement Judge duties .............................137
Index
288
Medical Delegate...............................................110; 113; 230.8(c);

240.7(c)
Medical examination .........................................144.4(b); 230.8(b);
240.7(b)
Medical staff see Official medical staff
Meeting Manager duties .................................122
Mixed Competition............................................147; 260.18(d)
Mountain Races .................................................251
Course .........................................................251.1
Drink and refreshment stations ...................251.5
Race conduct ...............................................251.6
Start .............................................................251.3
Types of races .............................................251.2
O
Obstruction
Field Event ..................................................180.17
Relay ...........................................................170.10; 170.15
Track Events................................................163.2
Official implements ...........................................187.1-3
Official medical staff .........................................144.4(b); 230.8(b)(c);
240.7(b)(c)
Official time
Cross-Country .............................................165.24
Road Races..................................................165.24
Track Races .................................................165.1; 165.8-9; 165.1112; 165.22-23
Officials of the competition...............................120
Oral protest ........................................................146.4
Organisational Delegate - duties .......................110; 111
P
Participation under protest .............................146.1; 146.4(a); 146.5
Pentathlon ..........................................................200.1; 223.1; 223.3
Photo Finish
Alignment of the camera .............................165.15
Accuracy and certification ..........................165.14-18
Chief Photo Finish Judge
Duties ....................................................128.3; 165.19; 165.21;
167
Liaison with other officials ...................165.19
Role in resolving ties ............................167
289
Index
International Photo Finish Judge.................110; 118; 165.20(Note)

Numbers on shorts.......................................143.9
Number of cameras .....................................165.20
Official times...............................................165.22
Photo Finish Judges - duties........................128; 165.21-23
Reading and recording times
Races up to 10,000m.............................165.23(a)
Races over 10,000m..............................165.23(b)
Races out of stadium.............................165.23(c)
Requirements of the System........................165.14-18; 165.20;
165.22
Zero control operation.................................165.19
Zero control test for Records.......................260.22(c)
Place of competition - change ...........................180.20
Plasticine indicator board - specifications .........185.8
Pole Vault ..........................................................183
Box ..............................................................183.8
Crossbar
Movement .............................................183.1
Specification .........................................181.7
Support..................................................183.10
Failure .........................................................183.2
Combined Events ........................................181.4
Indoors.........................................................220
Landing area................................................183.12
Measurement of height................................181.5-6
Number of trials ..........................................181.2-4
Pole
Break during vault.................................183.5
Construction..........................................183.11
Falling towards bar ...............................183.4
Taping ...................................................183.11
Protection against injury .............................144.4(c); 183.10(Note)
Runway
Inclination .............................................183.7
Length ...................................................183.6
Uprights.......................................................183.9
Use of substances ........................................183.3
Posting Board ....................................................230.3(c); 230.6(d)(e)
Practice trials at competition area......................180.1-2
Protests and appeals
Competing under protest .........................146.1, 146.4(a) 146.5
Cost of an appeal (deposit)..........................146.7
Eligibility to compete ..................................146.1
Jury of Appeal .............................................110; 146.1; 146.7-10
Index
290
Procedures ...................................................146.2-6
Right of appeal ............................................146.4; 146.10
Time limits ..................................................146.2; 146.7
Q
Qualifying competition - Field Events ..............180.9-16
Qualifying standards..........................................180.12-15
R
Race Walking ....................................................230
Chief Judge..................................................230.3
Definition of Walking .................................230.1
Drinks and refreshment stations ........................230.9
Judging ........................................................230.2
Red Cards ....................................................230.3(a); 230.5; 230.6
Road courses ...............................................230.10
Transponder Timing....................................165.24
Yellow paddle .............................................230.4
Reaction Time ...................................................161.2
For Records .................................................260.22(f)
Recaller duties ................................................129.2; 129.4-5; 129.7
Records
World Records ............................................260; 261
Combined Events ..................................260.27
Field Events ..........................................260.26
Indoors ..................................................260.21; 263, 264
Junior.....................................................260.20; 262, 264
Race Walking........................................260.22; 260.25; 260.29
Relay .....................................................260.24
Road ......................................................260.28
Track .....................................................260.18-19; 260.22
Recorder ............................................................230.3(c); 230.6(e)
Red card Referee ............................................125.5
Red card Race Walking ..................................230.3(a); 230.5-6
Red flag .............................................................126.3
Red paddle Race Walking ..............................230.3(a); 230.6(a)
Referee
Call Room ...................................................125.2; 125.4-5; 138; 139
Combined Events ........................................125.1; 125.8
Field duties ...............................................125.3-7
Outside stadium...........................................125.1
291
Index
Protests duties...........................................146.3
Race Walking ..............................................125.1
Track duties ..............................................125.1-7; 163.2;
Refreshments
Cross-Country .............................................250.8
Race Walking ..............................................230.9
Road Races..................................................240.8
Relay Races
Acceleration zone........................................170.18
Assistance....................................................170.9
Baton ...........................................................170.5-7
Check marks................................................170.4
Indoor events ...............................................218
Infringements ..............................................170.6-11; 170.18-21
Relay Records .............................................260.24
Takeover zone .............................................127.4; 170.3; 170.7;
170.9; 170.18-20; 214.5;
218.1; 218.4; 240.5
Team membership .......................................170.10-11
Results
Announcing .................................................134
Field Events.................................................180.21
Result card
Signing ..................................................115; 125.3
System .........................................................132; 165.21
Track Events................................................165.12; 165.21
Road Races ........................................................240
Course measurement ...................................240.3
Drinks and refreshment stations..................240.8
Records........................................................260.28
Standard distances .......................................240.1; 240.2(Note(i))
Start .............................................................240.6
Transponder Timing....................................165.24
Road Relay
Distances, stages .........................................240.1(Note(i)); 260.28(g)
Records........................................................260.28
S
Scoring of matches ............................................151
Seeding of Track Events
Indoors.........................................................215.1
Outdoors ......................................................166.3
Sex Categories ...................................................141.3-6
Shoes
Index
292
Construction ................................................143.2; 143.5-6

Dimension of spikes
Indoors ..................................................215
Outdoors................................................143.4
Number of spikes ........................................143.3
Shoe strap ....................................................143.2
Shot Put
Assistance....................................................187.4-5
Cartwheeling technique...............................188.1(Note)
Circle ...........................................................187.6-8
Leaving .................................................187.17(a)
Failure .........................................................187.14(a)(b)(c); 187.1617
Indoors.........................................................222
Landing sector .............................................187.10-12
Stop board ...................................................188.2-3
Valid put......................................................188.1
Spikes - see Shoes
Sponging............................................................144.4; 230.9; 240.8;
250.8
Start
Aborting ......................................................129.7; 162.5
Commands...................................................162.2
Cross-Country .............................................250.6
Delay in responding to commands ..............162.5(b)
False start ....................................................129.2; 130.5; 162.6-9
Language of commands ..............................162.2
Protests ........................................................146.4
Race Walk ...................................................230.7
Reaction time ..............................................161.2
Road Races..................................................240.6
Split start .....................................................162.10
Start line ......................................................162.1
Start Coordinator duties..................................129.1; 129.7
Starter and Recallers duties ...........................129.2-3; 129.5; 129.7;
162.3-5; 164.3
Starters Assistants duties...............................130; 162.5; 162.8
Starting Blocks
Construction ................................................161.1
False start control apparatus........................161.2; 162.6(Note)
Foot contact with blocks .............................162.3
Positioning within lane................................161.1
Reaction time ..............................................161.2
293
Index
Restriction of use.........................................161.1
Steeplechase
Distances .....................................................169.1; 169.4
Infringements ..............................................169.7
Specifications
Hurdles..................................................169.2-3; 169.5;
169.5(Note)
Placing on track ..............................169.5
Water Jump .................................................169.2-3; 169.5-7
Stop board..........................................................188.2-3
Surveyor duties...............................................135
T
Take-off board ...................................................184.3-4
Takeover zones..................................................127.4; 170.3; 170.7;
170.9; 170.18-20; 214.5;
218.1; 218.4; 240.5
Technical Delegate duties...............................112; 146.1;
165.20(Note); 166.2;
180.12; 180.20; 181.8(d);
200.7
Technical Information Centre............................132.2
Technical Manager duties...............................123
Throwing Events general conditions ..............187
Ties
Combined Events ........................................200.12
Horizontal Jumps ........................................180.22
Throwing Events .........................................180.22
Track Events................................................167
Vertical Jumps.............................................181.8-9
Time clock .........................................................180.18 (Note (i))
Timekeepers duties.........................................128; 165.4-12; 165.22
Chief Timekeeper
Appointment................................................128.1
Duties ....................................................128.1; 165.8-9; 165.12
Combined Events ........................................200.8(b)
Liaison with Starter .....................................129.1(c)
Reading and recording times.......................165.10; 165.11
World Records ............................................260.22(a)
Time of competition - change............................180.20
Track Measurement ...........................................160
Certification.................................................140
Inclination ...................................................160.6
Transponder Timing System .............................165.24
For Records .................................................260.22(a)
Index
294
Judge ...........................................................128; 165.25

Trials recorded (Field Events) ...........................180.6-7
Completion of trials.....................................180.8
Triple Jump
Indoors.........................................................221
Landing area................................................184.6-7
Leaving........................................................185.1(f); 185.2
Measurement of jump .................................184.8-9
Plasticine indicator board ............................184.5
Runway .......................................................184.1-2
Sequence of jumps ......................................186.1-2
Sleeping leg .................................................186.2
Take-off board.............................................184.3-4
Take-off line................................................186.3-4
Wind measurement......................................184.10-12
U
Umpires duties................................................127
Uprights
High Jump ...................................................182.6-7; 182.9;
182.10(Note)
Pole Vault....................................................183.1(Note); 183.9;
183.10(Note)
V
Victory Ceremony .............................................143.1
Video recording .................................................146.3; 150
W
Warning and disqualification
Assistance....................................................144.2
Race Walking see Red paddle
Referee125.5
Start 162.7-8
Watches - Definition..........................................165.5
Water and sponges.............................................144.4; 230.9; 240.8;
250.8
Water Jump
Clearance.....................................................169.7
Dimensions..................................................169.6
White flag Judges ...........................................126.3
295
Index
Wind Gauge
Certification.................................................163.10
Horizontal Jumps
Duration of recording............................184.10
Positioning ............................................184.11
Reading values ......................................163.13
Mechanical gauge........................................163.9
Track Events
Duration of recording............................163.12
Positioning ............................................163.10
Recording values...................................163.13
Ultrasonic gauge..........................................163.9
Wind Gauge Operator duties ..........................136
World Indoor Record.........................................260.21; 263; 264
World Junior Record .........................................260.20; 262; 264
World Records...................................................260; 261
Written reports
Technical Delegate......................................112
Track Umpire ..............................................127.2
Y
Yellow card .......................................................125.5
Yellow flag
Field - Time allowed for trial ......................180.18(Note(i))
Track Umpire ..............................................127.3
Yellow paddle Race Walking.........................230.4
Z
Zero control operation .......................................165.19
Zero control test for Records .............................260.22(c)
Zigzag distribution - Track heats.......................166.3
Index
296
IAAF PARTNER ORGANISATIONS

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Competition Rules 2014-2015
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Competition Rules 2014-2015

International Association of Athletics Federations

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF ATHLETICS FEDERATIONS

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF ATHLETICS FEDERATIONS

17, rue Princesse Florestine - BP 359

IAAF COMPETITION RULES 2014-2015

IAAF COMPETITION RULES 2014-2015

IAAF COMPETITION RULES 2014-2015

List of IAAF Rules

SECTION II MEDICAL RULES

Definition of Eligible Athlete 39

SECTION I ANTI-DOPING RULES

CHAPTER 4 (DISPUTES) [RULE 60]

CHAPTER 5 (TECHNICAL RULES)

IAAF COMPETITION RULES 2014-2015

115 International Technical

SECTION III - TRACK EVENTS

SECTION IV - FIELD EVENTS

IAAF COMPETITION RULES 2014-2015

185 Long Jump

SECTION VII - RACE WALKING

SECTION VIII - ROAD RACES

SECTION V - COMBINED EVENTS

SECTION IX - CROSS-COUNTRY AND

SECTION VI - INDOOR COMPETITIONS

SECTION X - WORLD RECORDS

260 World Records

IAAF COMPETITION RULES 2014-2015

IAAF COMPETITION RULES 2014-2015

IAAF COMPETITION RULES 2014-2015

IAAF COMPETITION RULES 2014-2015

includes, but is not limited to, factual information regarding the

IAAF COMPETITION RULES 2014-2015

IAAF COMPETITION RULES 2014-2015

IAAF COMPETITION RULES 2014-2015

CHAPTER 1: INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIONS

The following are International Competitions:

IAAF COMPETITION RULES 2014-2015

Chapter 3), except that, where the IOC, or another international

The IAAF is responsible for supervising a global competition system

Competitions Requiring an IAAF Permit

IAAF COMPETITION RULES 2014-2015

(b) An application for a permit must be made to the IAAF by the

The Council may produce Regulations governing the conduct of

IAAF COMPETITION RULES 2014-2015

of the IAAF or Area Association respectively, such representative(s)

No athlete may take part in an International Competition unless he:

IAAF COMPETITION RULES 2014-2015

receipt function is acceptable for this purpose. If the response of the

In International Competitions held under Rules 1.1(a), (b), (c), (f) or

IAAF COMPETITION RULES 2014-2015

by the Council. An application for a reduction or

IAAF COMPETITION RULES 2014-2015

Territory) of his new membership immediately preceding

IAAF COMPETITION RULES 2014-2015

Athletes may use the services of an Athletes Representative to assist

IAAF COMPETITION RULES 2014-2015

IAAF shall annually publish an official list of all Athletes

Advertising and displays of a promotional nature shall be permitted

This Rule shall apply to all Participants who participate or assist in an