Analysis for the Use of Wind Power

for Electricity Generation in Bosnia

and Herzegovina

Project Overview

Project background

Project Overview

Under the Programme of Support for the Reconstruction of Bosnia

and Herzegovina, the Government of Spain, through the Agencia
Espaola de Cooperacin Internacional (AECI) and Technical
Office of Cooperation with the Balkan (OTC) have given founds
for Analyisis of the possibility to use wind energy for electricity
production in Bosnia - Herzegovina.
The International Management Group (IMG) has been
assigned by the AECI as implementing agency
After tendering procedures NIPSA was awarded with this project.
The region under consideration for this study is controlled in terms
of power generation and distribution by Elektroprivreda HZ-HBMostar. This company is the beneficiary of the project.

Objectives of the study

Project Overview

to evaluate opportunities of wind energy usage

to study one wind farm in each of three areas selected as
suitable for wind energy development
to asses the economic and legal conditions necessary to
make wind energy resources attractive for speedy
exploitation
to transfer to the enterprises and local authorities
knowledge and working methods needed for the continued
development of wind energy sources in the future

Activities developed

Project Overview

Site selection: Ten macro areas

Measurement programme: to identify the best locations to provide a
masts network for long term reference data
After six months: suitability of placements
After one year: selection of the three best sites in terms of wind speed.
Final analysis: wind farm design and energy prediction
Network connection and electrical system analysis
Geotechnical studies
Technical issues
Economic analysis
Legal conditions
Wind farm design

Measurement Programme

Selected areas

Measurement Programme

According with the Terms of Reference the site selection shall

identify suitable locations for the meteorological masts within
these areas:
1. Ivanjica
2. Velja Medja
3. Crkvina, Brtanica
4. Mostar
5. Velika Vlajna
6. Mesihovina
7. Plono ridge
8. Kamenica ridge
9. Vitrenik
10. Livno

Selected areas

Measurement Programme

10
9
8

7
6

5
4
2
3
1

Site selection

Measurement Programme

Aims of the site selection

Definition of the exact points for installation of the 10 m masts
Justification of such selection in each case
Training of the staff of EP HZHB Mostar

Criteria for selection of sites

Exposition of the point to wind
Height of the point
Orography of the Terrain
Existence of access

Installation

Measurement Programme

Installation: Summer 2004

Inspection: September 2004
Official starting:

Site

Official Starting

0101 IVANJICA

22/07/2004 15:10

0102 VLEJA MEDJA

21/07/2004 16:20

0103 CRKVINA BRSTANICA

20/07/2004 16:30

0104 MOSTAR

30/07/2004 00:00

0105 VELIKA VLANJA

19/07/2004 16:10

0106 MESIHIOVINA

14/07/2004 11:10

0107 PLOCNO

16/07/2004 12:40

0108 KAMESNICA

15/07/2004 14:00

0109 VITRENIK

29/07/2004 13:10

0110 LIVNO

14/07/2004 20:40

Documentation Inspection report

Wind data analysis. Six months

Measurement Programme

Objectives:
Initial report
Suitability of placements in terms of wind speed
Issues taken in consideration:
Quality data
Wind Speed
Wind Roses
Weibull distribution
Spatial Extrapolation
Estimation of air density
Conclusions:
Good results except in Mostar met mast
Initial approach
Communication errors
Manual download needed

Site selection

Measurement Programme

Aims of the second site selection

Selection of the three best sites among the first ten
locations to install three 50 m masts
Justification of such selection in each case
Definition of the exact points for installation of the 50 m masts

Criteria for selection of sites

Mean wind speed
Current facilities (power lines, access, topography)
Same criteria as the followed for the 10 m masts site selection
in terms of wind flow

Selected sites

Measurement Programme

The selected sites for further development and 50 m masts

installation were:
Site 5 Veleika Vlajna:
Mean wind speed logged at 10 m: 7,35
Good topography conditions
Transmission lines in the vicinity
Site 5 Mesihovina:
Mean wind speed logged at 10 m: 6,89
Wide flat part on the top of the ridge
Transmission lines in the vicinity
Site 10 Livno:
Mean wind speed logged at 10 m: 7,43
Very good access
Transmission through the area

Installation

Measurement Programme

Installation: July-August 2005

Inspection: September 2005
Official starting:
Site

Official Starting

0505 VELIKA VLANJA

14/07/2005 15:10

0506 MESIHIOVINA

23/07/2005 00:00

0510 LIVNO

26/08/2005 18:40

Documentation Inspection report

Wind data analysis. One year

Measurement Programme

Objectives:
To confirm the results of the first six months approach
To confirm the choice of the three selected sites for the 50 m
masts installation
Issues taken in consideration:
Quality data
Wind Speed
Wind Roses
Weibull distribution
Spatial Extrapolation
Estimation of air density
Conclusions:
Good results in general terms
Comparison with first report results, quite similar figures
Confirmation of the selection made
More accurate results are expected with the 50 m masts data

Wind data analysis. One year

Measurement Programme

Mean wind speed over the twelve months

Wind data analysis. One year

Measurement Programme

Main figures of the 6 and 12 months analysis

Mean wind speed @ 10 m

Extrapolation @ 55 m

Availability

6 months

12 months

6 months

12 months

6 months

12 months

0101 Ivanjica

6,67

6,18

8,19

7,58

74,7%

74,4%

0102 Velja Medja

5,94

5,75

7,29

7,06

68,7%

53,3%

0103 Crkvina Brstanica

5,43

5,41

6,66

6,63

96,2%

96,0%

0104 Mostar

3,63

3,68

4,46

4,51

93,7%

95,4%

0105 Velika Vlanja

7,35

7,19

9,02

8,82

89,9%

92,9%

0106 Mesihovina

6,89

6,91

8,45

8,48

95,6%

96,4%

0107 Plocno

6,91

6,99

8,48

8,57

72,6%

74,3%

0108 Kamensnica

6,53

6,33

8,02

7,77

89,7%

97,3%

0109 Vitrenik

7,31

7,27

8,97

8,92

86,2%

88,7%

0110 Livno

7,43

7,26

9,12

8,91

97,2%

96,8%

Wind data analysis. Final

Measurement Programme

Objectives:
To make the correlation between the 10 and the 50 m masts
To be the basis of the energy study that should be carried out at
the final stage of the project at each site
Issues taken in consideration:
The same as in other reports plus:
Correlation procedures
Extrapolations at 78 m a.g.l.
Vertical profile at estimated with measurements at two levels
Conclusions:
Comparison of results between 10 and 50 m masts
10 m masts results seem to be overvalued
Probably causes: distances between masts, hardware
configuration
Main objective of 10 m masts: reference purposes
More accurate results after one year of measurements with
the 50 m masts

Spatial extrapolation

Measurement Programme

0110
LIVNO
0506
MESIHOVINA
0505 VELIKA
VLAJNA

Wasp model at 78 m a.g.l.

Wind rose in mast position
.tab file from MCP perfomed
Meanwind
windspeed
speed@
@50
50m
m
Mean
(mastposition):
position):7,42
7.47
(mast
6.67

Wind Farm Design, Specification

and Energy Analysis

Overview

Wind Farm Design

Objective: to study the viability of three locations selected as suitable

areas for wind energy development and design on these sites three wind
farms
Followed steps:
Final data analysis
Wind turbine selection
Wind farm rating
Wind turbine layout
Energy production analysis

Close relationship existing among all the final studies and decisions

Wind turbine selection

Wind Farm Design

Objective: to select a suitable wind turbine for the proposed wind farms

The selection was made having in consideration:

Wind turbine manufactures

Wind turbine size: small wt vs. large wt

Effect on the electrical network

Technical issues: crane and trucks availability and road conditions

Wind conditions over the site

Wind turbine selection

Wind Farm Design

Conclusion:
ECOTECNIA: ECO 80
VESTAS:
Class IIA
GAMESA:
Class IIA

2.0 MW
V-80
G-87

Hub height 70 m
2.0 MW
2.0 MW

Class IIA

Hub height 78 m
Hub height 78 m

Wind farm rating

Wind Farm Design

The final wind farm rating chosen for each site has been mainly based
on available land and network capacity and also on projects economics
Network capacity:
Present and future state of the transmission network
It means the maximum power amount at each site
Land availability:
Accuracy of the space extrapolation
Easiness/possibility of construction the wind farm
Projects economics:
Economies of scale in wind farms

Wind Turbines distribution

Wind Farm Design

For the each of the selected areas a wind turbine lay out design has
been made taking into account the following topics:
Wind direction and energy distribution
Wake interactions between wind turbines
Land availability and construction easiness
Target: energy production optimization and minimization of wake effect
Wind farms:
Velika Vlajna: 16 WT ; 2 rows; nominal power 32 MW
Mesihovina: 22 WT ; 3 rows; nominal power 44 MW
Livno: 26 WT ; 1 row; nominal power 52 MW

Wake modeling

Wind Farm Design

Wake model from WAsP:

Assumption: linear expansion behind the rotor
The expanding wake follows the terrain
The model works better in homogeneous terrain
Target: energy production optimization and minimization of wake effect

Wake losses:
Velika Vlajna: 5.65 %
Mesihovina: 5.08 %
Livno: 3.38 %

Possible energy losses

Wind Farm Design

It have been assumed as possible sources of losses the following:

Availability
Electrical efficiency
Substation maintenance
Icing and blade dirtiness
High wind speed hysteresis
Wake losses:
Availability

0.97

Electrical losses

0.98

Icing and blade degradation

0.995

Substation maintenance

0.99

High wind speed hysteresis

0.995

TOTAL

0.932

Velika Vlajna wind farm

Wind Farm Design

Wind turbines distribution

Wind energy concentrated in
northeast sector.
Layout 16 WT Gamesa G-87.
2 rows.
Total power 32 MW.

Velika Vlajna wind farm

Wind Farm Design

Coordinates and mean wind speed at hub height at each turbine position
Turbine site
Turbine site 1
Turbine site 2
Turbine site 3
Turbine site 4
Turbine site 5
Turbine site 6
Turbine site 7
Turbine site 8
Turbine site 9
Turbine site 10
Turbine site 11
Turbine site 12
Turb ine site 13
Turbine site 14
Turbine site 15
Turbine site 16

X- location [m]

Y- location [m]

Elev. [m]

Ht [m]

U [m/s]

6477404
6477568
6477721
6477864
6478036
6478170
6478320
6478470
6478585
6477240
6477469
6477749
6477888
6478032
6477329
6478748

4806770
4806594
4806410
4806219
4806051
4805852
4805665
4805478
4805268
4806944
4806087
4805697
4805501
4805309
4806281
4805092

1050
1070
1070
1108
1110
1111
1115
1099
1091
1036
1079
1075
1089
1079
1080
1058

78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78

7,09
7,11
6,97
7,54
7,48
7,35
7,77
7,83
7,62
7,07
7,09
7,17
7,28
7,16
7,14
7,6

Velika Vlajna wind farm

Wind Farm Design

Wake losses

TURBINE

LOSS (%)

TURBINE

LOSS (%)

Turbine 1
Turbine 2
Turbine 3
Turbine 4
Turbine 5
Turbine 6
Turbine 7
Turbine 8

3,81
4,99
4,79
3,88
4,52
4,35
3,33
2,4

Turbine 9
Turbine 10
Turbine 11
Turbine 12
Turbine 13
Turbine 14
Turbine 15
Turbine 16

1,95
2,78
11,52
10,77
10,94
9,2
12,2
0,32

Mesihovina wind farm

Wind Farm Design

Wind turbines distribution

Wind energy concentrated in
north - northeast sector.
Layout 22 WT Gamesa G-87.
3 rows.
Total power 44 MW.

Mesihovina wind farm

Wind Farm Design

Coordinates and mean wind speed at hub height at each turbine position
Turbine site
Turbine site 1
Turbine site 2
Turbine site 3
Turbine site 4
Turbine site 5
Turbine site 6
Turbine site 7
Turbine site 8
Turbine site 9
Turbine site 10
Turbine site 11
Turbine site 12
Turbine site 13
Turbine site 14
Turbine site 15
Turbine site 16
Turbine site 17
Turbine site 18
Turbine site 19
Turbine site 20
Turbine site 21
Turbine site 22

X-location [m]

Y-location [m]

Elev. [m]

Ht [m]

U [m/s]

6436754
6436905
6437056
6437207
6437358
6438360
6439106
6438920
6438735
6438549
6437360
6436586
6438486
6438362
6438208
6438051
6437875
6437718
6437560
6437052
6436892
6436727

4834135
4833949
4833762
4833575
4833389
4829809
4829198
4829350
4829502
4829654
4831767
4832546
4830542
4830747
4830931
4831113
4831276
4831457
4831634
4831999
4832178
4832352

1040
1041
1047
1050
1050
1050
1060
1070
1070
1066
1021
1020
1070
1070
1070
1090
1090
1043
1040
1010
1001
994

78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78

8,16
7,97
7,99
7,99
8,03
6,98
7,13
7,35
7,36
7,2
7,38
7,52
7,7
7,69
7,76
8,15
8,3
7,34
7,68
7,15
7,03
6,88

Mesihovina wind farm

Wind Farm Design

Wake losses

TURBINE

LOSS (%)

TURBINE

LOSS (%)

Turbine 1
Turbine 2
Turbine 3
Turbine 4
Turbine 5
Turbine 6
Turbine 7
Turbine 8
Turbine 9
Turbine 10
Turbine 11

4,54
5,15
5,03
4,38
2,2
8,55
0,92
3
4,55
6,61
4,54

Turbine 12
Turbine 13
Turbine 14
Turbine 15
Turbine 16
Turbine 17
Turbine 18
Turbine 19
Turbine 20
Turbine 21
Turbine 22

7,91
3,19
4,88
5,03
5,06
4,93
6,32
5,92
4,95
7,03
8,2

Livno wind farm

Wind Farm Design

Wind turbines distribution

Wind energy concentrated in
northeast sector.
Layout 26 WT Gamesa G-87.
1 rows.
Total power 52 MW.

Livno wind farm

Wind Farm Design

Coordinates and mean wind speed at hub height at each turbine position
Site description
Turbine site 1
Turbine site 2
Turbine site 3
Turbine site 4
Turbine site 5
Turbine site 6
Turbine site 7
Turbine site 8
Turbine site 9
Turbine site 10
Turbine site 11
Turbine site 12
Turbine site 13
Turbine site 14
Turbine site 15
Turbine site 16
Turbine site 17
Turbine site 18
Turbine site 19
Turbine site 20
Turbine site 21
Turbine site 22
Turbine site 23
Turbine site 24
Turbine site 25
Turbine site 26

X-location [m]

Y-location [m]

Elev. [m]

Ht [m]

U [m/s]

6434036
6433843
6433651
6433467
6433288
6433111
6432938
6432770
6432628
6432449
6432257
6432056
6431850
6431641
6431419
6431196
6430975
6430753
6430532
6430330
6430124
6429971
6429810
6429695
6429472
6430541

4846288
4846430
4846574
4846728
4846888
4847050
4847216
4847375
4847569
4847726
4847870
4848000
4848123
4848242
4848331
4848421
4848513
4848605
4848698
4849254
4849374
4849558
4849736
4849946
4850192
4849111

1299
1289
1290
1284
1280
1283
1332
1346
1363
1391
1410
1409
1399
1365
1331
1312
1289
1270
1260
1232
1240
1234
1220
1230
1220
1221

78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78

6,99
6,62
6,55
6,47
6,44
6,56
7,4
7,59
7,85
8,21
8,36
8,42
8,48
8,26
7,97
8,03
8
7,9
7,83
7,63
7,92
7,85
7,65
7,68
7,5
7,33

Livno wind farm

Wind Farm Design

Wake losses

TURBINE

LOSS (%)

TURBINE

LOSS (%)

Turbine 1
Turbine 2
Turbine 3
Turbine 4
Turbine 5
Turbine 6
Turbine 7
Turbine 8
Turbine 9
Turbine 10
Turbine 11
Turbine 12
Turbine 13

1,62
4,84
5,79
5,46
4,73
4,04
3,79
3,68
3,19
3,58
3,77
3,91
3,75

Turbine 14
Turbine 15
Turbine 16
Turbine 17
Turbine 18
Turbine 19
Turbine 20
Turbine 21
Turbine 22
Turbine 23
Turbine 24
Turbine 25
Turbine 26

3,51
3,48
3,33
3,16
2,96
2,79
2,97
2,81
2,42
2,44
2,58
1,84
2,78

Final results

Wind Farm Design

Annual energy production expected. (AEP)

VELIKA
VLAJNA
VELIKA VLAJNA
Total gross annual
energy production
(GWh)

Total net annual energy

production (GWh)

Total net annual energy

production (GWh) considering

considering wake losses

other sources of losses

101,615

95,875

89,356

Full load equivalent

hours/year

Capacity
factor

Proportional
wake loss (%)

2792

32%

5,65

Full load equivalent

hours/year

Capacity
factor

Proportional
wake loss (%)

2921

33%

5,08

Full load equivalent

hours/year

Capacity
factor

Proportional
wake loss (%)

2877

33%

3,38

MESIHOVINA
MESIHOVINA
Total gross annual
energy production
(GWh)

Total net annual energy

production (GWh)

Total net annual energy

production (GWh) considering

considering wake losses

other sources of losses

145,28

137,904

128,527

LIVNO
LIVNO
Total gross annual
energy production
(GWh)

Total net annual energy

production (GWh)

Total net annual energy

production (GWh) considering

considering wake losses

other sources of losses

166,142

160,533

149,617