Design of Beams

DESIGN OF BEAMS:
Design of beam section for member numbers- 514,527

Size of beam
from STAAD
= 230 x 300 mm.
Effective cover
= 25 mm.
Effective depth (d) = 300-25 = 275 mm.

Using M20 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade steel.
Design Constants:
X u max
d
For Fe 415 steel
= 0.48
= 52.232 x 106 N-mmh
Max BM get from Staad Pro Analysis

X u max
d
1 0.42
X u max
d
2
bd
Mulim = 0.36 fck

= 0.36 x 20x 0.48 [1-0.42 x 0.48] 230 x 2752
= 47.9 x 106 n-m
Mu lim < Mu max
Hence the section is designed as Doubly Reinforced Section.
As per IS 456-2000 code for doubly reinforced section
Mu max Mu lim = fsc Asc (d-d)
Where d is effective top cover i.e d = 35mm
fsc is approximate we taken as 0.87 fy
= 0.87 x 415 = 316.05 N/mm2
52.232 x 106 47.9 x 106 = 316.05 Asc(275-35)
Asc = 55.92 mm2
Adopt 4-8 mm bars

Provide Asc = 201.06 mm2
Design of steel reinforcemnt:

Ast = Ast1 + Ast2
0.36 xfck bX u max
0.87 xf y
Ast1 =
0.36 x 20 x 230 x0.48 x 275

=
f sc xAsc
0.87 xf y
Ast2 =
0.87 x 415
316.05 x 201.06
=
0.87 x 415
= 176.0 mm2
Ast = Ast1 + Ast2

Ast = 605.43+176 = 781.43 mm2
Provide 4 nos of 16 + 4 nos of 10 = 1005.3 mm2
Check for min area of steel to be provided.
As
bd
0.85
fy
=
As =
0.85 x 230 x 275

415
= 129.54 mm2
Hence our provided Ast is in safer side

Provided Ast = 1005.30 mm2
Design of shear reinforcement:
Max. shear force = Vu = 29.063 kN
= 605.43 mm2
29.063 x10 3
230 x 275
V
bd
Nominal shear force = v =
100 A st
bd
Percentage of steel Pt =
= 0.46 N/mm2
100 x1005.30
230 x 275
= 1.033%
From IS 456-2000 Table No-19

Shear stress in concrete = c = 0.62 N/mm2
v < c
0.46 < 0.62
Hence safe
Provide Nominal Shear Reinforcement
Minimum Shear Reinforcement :
ASv
0.4 / 0.87 fy
bS v
Adopt 4-legged 8 mm stirrups the area
Asv = 201.06 mm2
0.87 xf y xASv xd
0.87 x 415 x 201.06 x 275

230 X 0.4
VS
Sv =
Provide 8mm bars at 300 mm c/c.
= 394mm c/c
DESIGN OF SLAB
Design of One-way slab :- S4 & S19 Panel
Size = 3.02 1.26 m

Ly / Lx = 3.020/ 1.260 = 2.39 < 2.0
It is a one-way slab.
Cross Sectional Dimensions:
1) Effective Span (L eff ) : Which should be least of the following as per IS456-2000, Pg 34,
Clause 22.20, a&b.
i)
ii)
Leff = Clear span + Effec. Depth

=
1.145 + 0.10
1.245 m
Leff = Clear span +
1.245
1.36 m
SUPPORT .WIDTH
2
0.23
2
Adopting the least value as (Leff) = 1.36 m

2) Effective Depth (d eff ) :
Let us assume the thickness of the slab as per IS456-2000, Pg : 39 , Clause 24.10-2.
For Continuous slabs, Leff / D = 32
Leff
32
D=
Overall Depth (D)
1360/32
125 m
42.5
: 125mm
Effective Cover (dc ) : 20 +
10
2
= 25 mm
Effective Depth (deff ) : 125 -25 = 100 mm

3) Design loads per m2 of slab
Dead load of slab =
0.075 25
= 1.875 KN/m2
Live load (As/IS456-2000 part-III)
= 2.00 KN/m2
Floor finish
= 1.00 KN/m2
= 4.875 KN/m2
Factored load ( Wud) = 1.5 x 4.875 = 7.3125 KN/m2

4) Bending Moment
B.M = WL/ 8 = ( 7.3125 * 1.36) / 8=1.69 KN/m
Depth from moment consideration
Minimum Depth required for resisting Bending Moment
Mu = 0.138fk.b.d
1.69 x 106
d =
= 24.745 mm < available depth 75mm

0.138 x 20 x 1000
5) Depth from stiffness consideration

D = 25 mm ~ 100 mm
d = 100 25 = 75 mm
6) Calculation of Area of steel
Ast 0.5
fck
4.6 Mv
1 1
fy
fckbd 2
bd
4.6 x 1.69 x 10 6
0.50 x 20
Ast
1-
1-
1000 x 100
20 x 1000 x 752
415
= 85 mm2
Hence Provide 100 mm2
x 82
Provide 8 mm dia. Tor steel
= 50.26 mm2
ast =
4
ast
Spacing of Steel =
X 1000
Ast
(50.26 / 85) X 1000 = 592 ~ 300 mm c/c
Provide 8 mm
@ 300 mm c/c
7) Transverse reinforcement
Asty = 0.12% of bD
0.12
1000 100 120mm 2
100
Spacing of 8 mm
bars
50.26
1000
120
= 418.83 ~ 250 mm c/c
Spacing should be lesser of
(1)
5d = 5 100 = 500 mm
(2)
450 mm
(3)
260 mm
Provide 8 mm
@ 250 mm c/c
8) Check for shear

Shear force = 7.315 x 1.26 / 2 = 4.60 KN.
Nominal shear stress
c = Vu / bd
vu
4.93 10 3
( u )
0.05 N mm 2
bd 1000 100
4.93 x10
Percentage of steel =
/ 1000X100
=0.05 N/mm
120
100 0.12
1000 100
c 0.29 N mm 2
From code IS 456 tables 19

u c
Slab is safe in shear.
DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLAB

S1 & S16 Panel
1) Grades of Materials
Grade of Concrete
Grade of Steel
: M20 (1: 1.5 : 3)

: Fe415 for both main and secondary steel
2) Classification of Slab(Two adjacent edges discontinuous)

Ly = 3.715 m
3.13m
Lx = 3.130 m
Ly / Lx = 3.715 / 3.13 = 1.18 < 2.0
3.715m
Hence the Slab has to be designed as Two way Slab
3) Calculation of depth of Slab
The Slab
: Two way continuous
Shortspan
: Lx = 3.130
Steel of Grade : Fe415
Span / Overall depth = 32
Lx / D = 32
D = 3010 / 32 = 97.81 mm
Say 125 mm
Assume effective Cover (d) = 15 + 8/2 = 19 mm
Effective depth = 125 19 = 106 mm
4) Estimation of Loads
Assume 1.00 m width of the slab
Total depth of slab = 0.10 m
Self weight of the slab
= 1.00 x 0.125 x 25 = 3.125 KN / m
Weight of the floor finish = 1.00 x 1.75
= 1.75 KN / m
Live Load is taken as
= 2.00 KN / m
Total Working Load (W)
Total Ultimate Load (Wu)
= 6.875 KN / m
= 1.5 x 6.875 = 10.3125 KN / m
5) Calculation of effective span

Effective Span of the slab is the least of the following
() Centre to centre distance between the supports
Lx = 3.130 m , Ly = 3.715 m
() Clear span + Effective depth of slab
Lx = 2.9 + 0.08 = 2.98 m , Ly = 3.485 + 0.08 = 3.565m
Effective Span
Lx = 2.98 m , Ly = 3.565 m
6) Calculation of Design moments
Edge conditions :- Two adjacent edges discontinuous
The design coefficients are taken from table 26 of IS 456 2000
a) Negative moment at continuous edge x = 0.0586
y = 0.047
b) Positive moment at midspan
x = 0.044
y = 0.035
Moments (According to IS 456 2000 , D 1.1)

Mx = x wlx2
My = y wlx2
Negative moment at continuous edge
MX = 0.0586 x 10.3125x 2.982 = 5.36 KN-m
MY = 0.047 x 10.3125 x 2.982 = 4.3 KN-m
Positive moment at midspan
MX = 0.0446 x 10.3125 x 2.982 = 4.029 KN-m
MY = 0.035 x 10.3125 x 2.982 = 3.205 KN-m
7) Effective depth of slab (For max.BM)

Mu lim = 0.138fckbd2
Mu lim
d =
0.138fckb
5.36 x 106
d =
= 44.068 mm < available depth 106mm

1.138 20 x 1000
Hence OK
8) Calculation of Area of steel
Here the slab is two way slab

Edge conditions : Two adjacent edges discontinuos
The slab must consists of the required area of steel at the following zones.
i)
At middle strip along short span : (Astxm)
ii)
At middle strip along longer span : (Astym)
iii)
At support along short span
: (Astxs )
iv)
At supports along longer span
: (Astys)
v)
Torsion steel at corners
i)
At middle strip along short span (Astxm)
MD = 4.029 KN-m
0.50 fCK
Ast
4.6 x MD
1-
1-
bd
fy
fCK bd
4.6 x 4.029 x 10 6
0.50 x 20
Ast
1-
1-
1000 x 106
20 x 1000 x 1062
415
= 113.7 mm2 < 120 mm2 (Min.Ast 0.12% of bD as per Clause 26.5.2.1 of IS
456-2000)
x 82
ast =
= 50.26 mm2
4
ast
Spacing of Steel =
X 1000
Ast
50.26
Spacing of Steel =
x 1000 = 418 mm
120
But maximum spacing of Tension Reinforcement as per Clause 26.3.3 b 1 from

IS 456 2000 is 3d or 300 mm whichever is less.
3 x 106 = 318 mm or 300 mm
Hence provide 8 mm dia. @ 300 mm C/C
Revised Astxm = (1000 x 50.2) / 300 = 167.53 mm2
ii)
At middle strip along Longer span (Astym)

MD = 3.205 KN-m
0.50 fCK
Ast
4.6 x MD
1-
1-
bd
2
fy
fCK bd
4.6 x 3.205 x 106
0.50 x 20
Ast
1-
1-
1000 x 106
20 x 1000 x 1062
415
= 91.038 mm2 < 120 mm2 (Min.Ast 0.12% of bD)

x 82
ast =
= 50.26 mm2
4
ast
Spacing of Steel =
X 1000
Ast
50.26
Spacing of Steel =
X 1000 = 418 mm
120

3 x 106 = 318 mm or 300 mm
iii)
At Support along short span (Astxs)

MD = 5.36 KN-m
0.50 fCK
Ast
4.6 x MD
1-
1-
bd
fCK bd2
fy
4.6 x 5.36 x 106
0.50 x 20
Ast
1-
1-
1000 x 106
2
415
20 x 1000 x 106
= 150 mm2 > 120 mm2 (Min.Ast 0.12% of bD)
x 82
= 50.26 mm2
ast =
4
ast
Spacing of Steel =
X 1000
Ast
50.26
Spacing of Steel =
X 1000 = 335 mm
150

3 x 106 = 318 mm or 300 mm
iv)
At Support along Longer span (Astys)

MD = 4.3 KN-m
0.50 fCK
Ast
4.6 x MD
1fCK bd2
1fy
4.6 x 4.3 x 106
0.50 x 20
Ast
bd
1-
1-
1000 x 106
20 x 1000 x 1062
415
= 121.09 mm2 < 120 mm2 (Min.Ast 0.12% of bD)

x 82
ast
= 50.26 mm2
=
4
ast
Spacing of Steel =
X 1000
Ast
50.26
Spacing of Steel =
X 1000 = 418.83 mm
120

3 x 106 = 318 mm or 300 mm
v)
Torsion steel
i)
ii)
At corners that have both edges discontinuous

= x Astxm = x 160 = 120 mm2
In each layer provide two layer of size Lx/5 , LY/5 = 0.62m, 0.74 m
two at top and two at bottom.
At corners that have one edge continuous and other edge discontinuous
iii)
= 3/8 x 160 = 60 mm2 in each layer.

No Torsion steel is required for continuous edges
Span
Position
Mu KN-m
D mm
Short
Support
5.36
125
Mid span
4.029
125
Req. Ast
Dia. mm
Spacing mm
160
300
160
300
Long
Support
Mid span
3.604.3
3.205
125
125
160
160
9) Check for deflection

Area of Steel (Ast) = 210 mm2
Percentage of steel Pt = ( Ast /bd) x 100
= (160 / 1000 x 106) x 100 = 0.15%
From Fig-4 of IS 456 2000
Modification factor = 1.50
Basic value for Span to effective depth ratio = 40 x 1.06 = 38
Permissible ratio = 1.50 x 38 = 57
Actual ratio = 2980/106 = 28.11 < 57 Hence OK
10) Check for shear
For continuous short edge Vu = WL/2
Shear Vu = 10.3125 x 2.98 / 2 = 15.365 KN
Area of steel available at this edge Astxs = 160 mm2
Pt% = (100 x 160 / 1000 x 106) = 0.15%
From Table 19 of IS 456 2000 c = 0.28 N/ mm2
K = 1.30
Shear resisted by concrete Vc = c bdK
= 0.28 x 1000 x 106 x 1.30
= 38.58 KN > 15.365 Hence OK
8
8
300
300

Design of Beams

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Design of Beams

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DESIGN OF BEAMS:

Design of beam section for member numbers- 514,527

= 230 x 300 mm.

Effective depth (d) = 300-25 = 275 mm.

Max BM get from Staad Pro Analysis

Mulim = 0.36 fck

Adopt 4-8 mm bars

Design of steel reinforcemnt:

0.36 x 20 x 230 x0.48 x 275

Ast = Ast1 + Ast2

0.85 x 230 x 275

Hence our provided Ast is in safer side

From IS 456-2000 Table No-19

0.87 x 415 x 201.06 x 275

Provide 8mm bars at 300 mm c/c.

Size = 3.02 1.26 m

Leff = Clear span + Effec. Depth

Leff = Clear span +

Adopting the least value as (Leff) = 1.36 m

Effective Cover (dc ) : 20 +

Effective Depth (deff ) : 125 -25 = 100 mm

Live load (As/IS456-2000 part-III)

Factored load ( Wud) = 1.5 x 4.875 = 7.3125 KN/m2

= 24.745 mm < available depth 75mm

5) Depth from stiffness consideration

= 418.83 ~ 250 mm c/c

Spacing should be lesser of

8) Check for shear

Nominal shear stress

From code IS 456 tables 19

DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLAB

: M20 (1: 1.5 : 3)

2) Classification of Slab(Two adjacent edges discontinuous)

5) Calculation of effective span

b) Positive moment at midspan

Moments (According to IS 456 2000 , D 1.1)

7) Effective depth of slab (For max.BM)

= 44.068 mm < available depth 106mm

Here the slab is two way slab

At middle strip along short span (Astxm)

But maximum spacing of Tension Reinforcement as per Clause 26.3.3 b 1 from

At middle strip along Longer span (Astym)

4.6 x 3.205 x 106

= 91.038 mm2 < 120 mm2 (Min.Ast 0.12% of bD)

Provide 8 mm dia. Tor steel

But maximum spacing of Tension Reinforcement as per Clause 26.3.3 b 1 from

At Support along short span (Astxs)

4.6 x 5.36 x 106

= 150 mm2 > 120 mm2 (Min.Ast 0.12% of bD)

But maximum spacing of Tension Reinforcement as per Clause 26.3.3 b 1 from

At Support along Longer span (Astys)

4.6 x 4.3 x 106

= 121.09 mm2 < 120 mm2 (Min.Ast 0.12% of bD)

But maximum spacing of Tension Reinforcement as per Clause 26.3.3 b 1 from

At corners that have both edges discontinuous

= 3/8 x 160 = 60 mm2 in each layer.

9) Check for deflection

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