Generic Name Brand Name Classification Mechanism of Action Contraindications Side Effects How Dosage & Nursing

Supplied Frequency Responsibilities

Ceftazidime Zeptrigen Antibiotic, Interfere with a final Patients with CNS: Headache, Injection: > Usual Dose: Before:
Cephalosphorin step formation of the allergies to dizziness, 1. Assess for
(3rd Generation) bacterial cell wall penicillins, lethargies, 1 gram Adults: 1 g liver and renal
(inhibition of cepahlosporins. paresthesias, 2 grams either IV or deep dysfunction.
mucopeptide malaise, fatigue, IM
biosynthesis), resulting vertigo, Powder for administration 2. Obtain CBC,
in unstable cell confusion, injection: every 8-12 hrs renal function
membranes that precipitation of depending on the studies; reduce
undergo lysis. Also, seizures, 500 mg type and severity dose with
cell division and (especially in 1 gram of infection. dysfunction.
growth are inhibited. clients with 2 grams
More activity against impaired renal 6 grams >UTI’s 3. Culture
gram-negative function) uncomplicated infection, and
organisms and resistant arrange
organisms and les GI: nausea, Adults: 250 mg sensitivity tests
activity against gram- vomiting, IV or IM every before and
positive organisms diarrhea, glossitis, 12 hrs during therapy if
than first-generation abdominal expected
drugs (Spratto and cramps or pain, >UTI’s response is not
Woods, 2008:1788). dyspepsia, complicated seen.
anorexia,
flatulence, Adults: 500 mg During:
cholestasis, IV or IM every 1. Do not mix
pseudomembrano 8-12 hrs with
us colitis aminoglycoside
>Uncomplicated solutions,
GU: pneumonia, mild administer these
Nephrotoxicity skin and skin drugs separately.
structure
Hematologic: infections 2. Monitor
leukopenia, prothrombin
leukocytosis, Adults: 500 mg- time in patients
lymphocytosis, 1 g IV or IM w/ renal or
neutropenia every 8 hrs hepatic
(transient), >Bone and joint impairment, in a
eosinophilia, infections poor nutritional
thrombocytopeni, state or are on
thrombocythemia, Adults: 2 g IV prolonged
agranulocytosis, every 12 hrs therapy.
granulocytopenia,
bone marrow >Serious 3. Preparation of
depression, gynecologic or injectable
hemolytic intra-abdominal solution, sites
anemia, infections, and methods of
pancytopenia, meningitis, injection are
decreased platelet severe or life- treated with
function, aplastic threatening utmost care.
anemia, infections in Administer IV
hypoprothrom- immunocompro- injection as
binemia (may mised clients slowly as
lead to bleeding) , possible.
thrombocytosis Adults: 2 g IV
(transient) every 8 hrs After:
1. Store at
Hypersensitivity: >Pseudomonal temperatures not
urticaria, rashes lung infections exceeding 30°C.
(maculopapular, in cystic fibrosis
morbilliform, or clients with 2. Have Vit. K
erythematous), normal renal available in case
pruritis (including function hypoprothrombi
anal/genital nemia occurs.
areas), fever, Adults: 30-50
chills, erythema, mg/kg body 3. Discontinue if
angioedema, weight IV every hypersensitivity
serum sickness, 8 hrs. Maximum occurs.
joint pain, Dose: 6 g/day
exfoliative
dermatitis, chest
tightness,
myalgia,
erythema
multiforme,
edema, itching,
numbness,
Stevens-Johnson
 syndrome,
anaphylaxis

Hepatic:
hepatomegaly,
hepatitis

Local: Pain,
abscess at
injection site,
phlebitis,
inflammation at
IV site

Other:
Superinfections
including oral
candidiasis and
enterococcal
infections,
hypotension,
sweating, flushing
dyspnea,
interstitial
pnuemonitis,
disulfiram-like
reactions with
alcohol

Ipratropium Duavent Antiasthmatic Increases Hypersensitivity to Respiratory: >Per 2.5 mL Pulmoneb: Each Before:
Salbutamol and COPD bronchodilation soya lecithin or paradoxical pulmoneb pulmoneb of 1. The solution is
preparations through 2 distinctly related food bronchospasm, Ipratropium ipratropium intended only for
different mechanisms products e.g., bronchitis, Br 500 mcg, bromide- inhalation with
ie, anticholinergic soybeans or dyspnea, salbutamol salbutamol suitable
(parasympatholytic) peanuts; and to coughing, sulfate 2.5 contains 2500 nebulizing
and β2-agonist any component of respiratory mg. mcg (2.5 mg) of devices and
(sympathomimetic) Duavent or to disorders, salbutamol base should not be
effects. Simultaneous atropine and its pneumonia, >Per (with each drop taken orally.
administration of both derivatives. URTI, actuation containing 50 2. Asses for
an anticholinergic Hypertrophic pharyngitis, Ipratropium mcg). soybean or
(ipratropium bromide) obstructive sinusitis, rhinitis Br 21 mcg, peanut allergy.
and a β2- cardiomyopathy or salbutamol Adult (Including
sympathomimetic tachyarrhythmia. CV: sulfate 120 Elderly Patients) 3. Assess
(salbutamol sulfate) ECG changes mcg and Adolescents breathsounds,
produces a greater including >12 years: triggers; monitor
bronchodilator effect flattening of T Treatment of CXR, symptoms
than when either drug wave, Acute Attacks: and PFT’s.
is used alone prolongation of 1 pulmoneb (2.5
(www.mims.com). QTc interval, and mL) is sufficient During:
ST segment for prompt 1. Paradoxical
depression, symptom relief bronchospasm, a
arrhythmias, in many cases; 2 potentially life-
palpitation, pulmonebs (5 threatening
tachycardia, mL) may be event, frequently
angina, required in occurs with the
hypertension severe cases 1st use of a new
where an attack canister. If it
Hypersensitivity, has not been occurs,
immediate: relieved by 1 discontinue the
urticaria, pulmoneb. use
angioedema, of Duavent im-
bronchospasm, Maintenance mediately
anaphylaxis, Treatment:
oropahryngeal 2. Do not allow
edema 1 pulmoneb (2.5 the solution/mist
mL) every 6-8 to enter the eyes,
Body as a whole: hrs daily since this may
headache, pain, result in
flu, chest pain, Children 2-12 precipitation or
edema, fatigue years: 3 worsening of
drops/kg/dose, narrow-angle
GI: maximum dose glaucoma, eye
nausea, vomiting, 2500 mcg (2.5 pain or
dry mouth, mg) of discomfort,
diarrhea, salbutamol every temporary
dyspepsia 6-8 hrs. blurring of
vision, visual
halos or colored
CNS: images in
dizziness, association of
nervousness, Metered-Dose red eyes from
headache, Inhaler: Adults conjunctival and
presthesia, and children corneal
tremor, ≥12 years: 2 congestion.
dysphonia, actuations every Wash eyes with
insomnia 6 hrs. water if this
occurs.
Miscellaneous: Patients may
arthralgia, have additional 3. A new
increased sputum, inhalations as pulmoneb should
taste perversion, required but be used for each
UTI, dysuria, pain should not administration to
exceed 12 avoid microbial
actuations in 24 contamination.
hrs.
4. Do not mix
the inhalation
solution with
other drugs in
the same
nebulizer.

After:
1. Report
treatment failure
(exacerbation of
respiratory
symptoms) to the
physician.

2. Since the
solution contains
no preservatives,
it is important to
use the content
soon after
opening. Discard
 partly used
opened or
damaged
pulmoneb.
3. Store at
temperatures not
exceeding 30°C.
Protect from
direct sunlight or
heat. Do not
freeze or
refrigerate. For
Pulmoneb, Do
not use if the
Furosemide Lasix Diuretic, loop Inhibits the Never use with Electrolyte and Injection: Tablet: solution is
reabsorption of sodium ethacrynic acid. fluid effects: 10 mg/ml discolored.
and chloride in the Anuria, Fluid and Adult Initially
proximal and distal hypersensitivity to electrolyte Oral ½-1-2 tab daily. Before:
tubules as well s the the drug, severe depletion leading Solution: Maintenance: ½- 1. Assess closely
ascending loop of renal disease to dehydration, 10 mg/ml 1 tab daily. for signs of
Henle; this results in associated with hypovolemia, 40 mg/5 ml vascular
the excretion of azotemia and thromboembo- Children 2 thrombosis and
sodium, chloride and to oliguria, hepatic lism, Tablets: 20 mg/kg body wt embolism,
a lesser degree, coma associated hypokalemia, mg up to a max of particularly in
potassium and with electrolyte hypochloremia 40 mg 40 mg daily. the elderly with
bicarbonate ions. The depletion, may cause 80 mg gout history of
resulting urine is more lactation. metabolic Injection: gout , monitor
acid. Diuretic action is alkalosis, uric acid levels.
independent of changes hyperuricemia, Adult Initially
in client’s acid-base azotemia, 20-40 mg IV/IM. 2. Monitor BP,
balance (Spratto and hyponatremia If diuretic effect weight, breath
Woods, 2008: 687- is not sounds. I & O,
688). GI: satisfactory, electrolytes.
Nausea, oral, dose may be Observe for
gastric irritation, increased signs and
abdominal pain, stepwise, at 2- symptoms of
vomiting, hrly interval by hypokalemia and
anorexia, 20 mg each time for edema.
diarrhea,
constipation, until satisfactory 3. With renal,
cramps, diuresis is impairment or if
pancreatitis, obtained, the receiving other
jaundice, dose should then ototoxic drugs,
ischemic hepatitis be given once- observe for
bid. ototoxicity.
Otic:
Tinnitus, hearing During:
impairment, 1. Give 2-4 days
reversible per week.
deafness
following rapid 2. Food
IV or IM decreases
administration bioavailability of
furosemide and
CNS: ultimately the
Vertigo, degree of
headache, dieresis.
dizziness, blurred
vision, 3. Slight
restlessness, discoloration
paresthesias, resulting from
xanthopsia light does not
affect potency.
CV: However, do not
Orthostatic dispense
hypotension, discolored
thrombophlebitis, tablets or
chronic aortitis injection.

Hematologic: 4. Do not mix

Anemia, with solutions
thrombocyto- with a pH below
penia, 5.5. After pH
neutropenia, adjustment,
leucopenia, furosemide can
agranulocytosis, be mixed with
purpura, rarely NaCl injection,
aplastic anemia RL injection, and
Allergic: D5W and
Rashes, pruritis, infused at a rate
urticaria, not to exceed 4
photosensitivity, mg/min, to
exfoliative prevent
dermatitis, ototoxicity.
vasculitis,
erythema 5. Take in the
multiforme morning on empty
stomach, may take
Miscellaneous: with milk or food
Interstitial if GI upset. Rise
nephritis, fever, from lying to
standing slowly.
weakness,
Eat foods high in
hyperglycemia, vitamin K. Report
glycusoria, Immediately
exacerbation/ag- muscle pain,
gravation/wor- weakness, cramps,
sening of SLE, tinnitus,
increased abdominal pain,
perspiration, fever.
muscle spasms,
urinary bladder 6. Give IV
spasm, urinary injections slowly
over 1-2 minutes.
frequency
After:
1. With rapid
dieresis, observe
for dehydration
and circulatory
collapse; monitor
BP and pulse.

2. With chronic
use, assess for
thiamine
deficiency; if
used with
 zarolyn assess
for low
phosphate levels.
3. Store in light-
resistant
containers at
room
temperature (15-
Tramadol HCl Dolcet Analgesics Centrally acting-opoid Hypersensitivity to Drowsiness, Tablet: Adult & 30 degrees
paracetamol (Non-Opioid) & synthetic opoid tamadol or other dizziness, vertigo, Tramadol children >16 Celsius).
Antipyretics, analgesic. Its opioid analgesics; fatigue, headache, HCl (narcotic yrs. old 1-2 tab
Analgesics mechanism is not patients on MAOI, restlessness, analgesic) 4-6 hrly. Before:
(Opioid), completely known but patients acutely euphoria, 37.5 mg, Max: 8 tab/day 1. Assess for level
Supportive Care both tarmadol and its intoxicated with confusion, paracetamol of pain relief and
Therapy active metabolite bimd alcohol, hypnotics, anxiety, (nonnarcotic administer dose as
to µ-popoid receptors centrally acting palpitations, analgesic) needed but not to
and they are weak analgesics, vasodilation, 325 mg exceed the
inhibitors of opioids, or nausea, recommended
total daily dose.
norepinephrine and psychotropic constipation,
serotonin reuptake. drugs; patients on urinary
2. Assess bowel
Tramadol is only obstetric retention/frequen- and bladder
partially anatagonized preoperative cy function, report
by naloxone. medication, urinary frequency
Acetaminophen may lactation or retention.
cause analgesia by
inhibiting CNS 3. Take
prostaglandin synthesis appropriate safety
although it has no anti- precautions for
inflammatory activity patients with a
(Spratto and Woods, history of seizures
2008: 1592). and epilepsy, drug
addiction, allergy
to opiates or
codeine; drug may
increase the risk of
convulsions.

After:
1. Monitor vital
signs and assess
for orthostatic
hypotension or
signs of CNS
depression.

2. May be taken
with or without
food.

3. Withdrawal
symptoms upon
abrupt
discontinuation.

4. Discontinue
drug and notify
the physician if
s/sx of
hypersensitivity
occur.

After:
1. Report lack of
response. Review
list of sideffects
that one patient
may experience
and report if
persistent or
intolerable.

2. Advice client
not to perform
activities that
require mental
alertness; drug
may cause
drowsiness and
impair mental or
physical
performance.
Alcohol may
intensify the
effects.

3. Store from 15-

30 degrees Celsius
in a tight
container.