CLOUD COMPUTING TECHNOLOGY

A TECHNICAL SEMINAR REPORT

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the award of the degree of

MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATION

Submitted by

B. K.ASHOK KUMAR
Reg:122H1F0002
Under the Supervision of

Mr.E.RAMESH REDDY., M.Tech

Assistant Professor, Dept of MCA

DEPARTMENT OF MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATION

AUDISANKARA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, GUDUR

SPSR Nellore District, AP.
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Anantapuramu, AP, India
MAY 2015

AUDISANKARA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

GUDUR

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this seminar report Google loon is the bonafide work done by
P.Surendra (122h1f0028) who carried out the work under my supervision during the year
2014 - 2015 towards partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree of Master of
Computer Application from Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Anantapuramu. The
results embodied in this report have not been submitted to any other University for the award
of any degree.

Table Of Contents
Abstract
1. Introduction. 6
2. Cloud computing The Concept 8
3. History... 12
4. Need For Cloud Computing.. 14
5. Key Characteristics... 16
6. Components.. 18
7. Architecture...... 21
8. Types 22
9. Roles. 23
10. Advantages... 24
Disadvantages... 27
11. Conclusion 29

Abstract
Computers have become an indispensable part of life. We needcomputers everywhere, be it
for work, research or in any such field. As the use of computers in our day-to-day life
increases, the computing resources that we need also go up. For companies like Google and
Microsoft, harnessing the resources as and when they need it is not a problem. But when it
comes to smaller enterprises, affordability becomes a huge factor. With the huge
infrastructure come problems like machines failure, hard drive crashes, software bugs, etc.
This might be a big headache for such a community. Cloud
Computing offers a solution to this situation.
Cloud computing is a paradigm shift in which computing is moved away from personal
computers and even the individual enterprise application server to a cloud of computers. A
cloud is a virtualized server pool which can provide the different computing resources of their

clients. Users of this system need only be concerned with the computing service being asked
for. The underlying details of how it is achieved are hidden from the user. The data and the
services provided reside in massively scalable data centers and can be ubiquitously accessed
from any connected device all over the world.
Cloud computing is the style of computing where massively scaled IT related capabilities are
provided as a service across the internet to multiple external customers and are billed by
consumption. Many cloud computing providers have popped up and there is a considerable
growth in the usage of this service. Google, Microsoft, Yahoo, IBM and Amazon have started
providing cloud computing services. Amazon is the pioneer in this field. Smaller companies
like SmugMug, which is an online photo hosting site, has used cloud services for the storing
all the data and doing some of its services.
Cloud Computing is finding use in various areas like web hosting, parallel batch processing,
graphics rendering, financial modeling, web crawling, genomics analysis, etc.

1. Introduction
The Greek myths tell of creatures plucked from the surface of the Earth and
enshrined as constellations in the night sky. Something similar is happening today in the
world of computing. Data and programs are being swept up from desktop PCs and corporate
server rooms and installed in the compute cloud. In general, there is a shift in the
geography of computation.
What is cloud computing exactly? As a beginning here is a definition
An emerging computer paradigm where data and services
reside in massively scalable data centers in the cloud and
can be accessed from any connected devices over the
internet
Like other definitions of topics like these, an understanding of the term cloud

computing requires an understanding of various other terms which are closely related to this.
While there is a lack of precise scientific definitions for many of these terms, general
definitions can be given.
Cloud computing is an emerging paradigm in the computer industry where the
computing is moved to a cloud of computers. It has become one of the buzz words of the
industry. The core concept of cloud computing is, quite simply, that the vast computing
resources that we need will reside somewhere out there in the cloud of computers and well
connect to them and use them as and when needed.
Computing can be described as any activity of using and/or developing
computer hardware and software. It includes everything that sits in the bottom layer, i.e.
everything from raw compute power to storage capabilities. Cloud computing ties together all
these entities and delivers them as a single integrated entity under its own sophisticated
management.
Cloud is a term used as a metaphor for the wide area networks (like internet)
or any such large networked environment. It came partly from the cloud-like symbol used to
represent the complexities of the networks in the schematic diagrams. It represents all the
complexities of the network which may include everything from cables, routers, servers, data
centres and all such other devices.
Computing started off with the mainframe era. There were big mainframes and
everyone connected to them via dumb terminals. This old model of business
computing was frustrating for the people sitting at the dumb terminals because they could do
only what they were authorized to do. They were dependent on the computer administrators
to give them permission or to fix their problems. They had no way of staying up to the latest
innovations.
The personal computer was a rebellion against the tyranny of centralized
computing operations. There was a kind of freedom in the use of personal computers. But this
was later replaced by server architectures with enterprise servers and others showing up in the
industry. This made sure that the computing was done and it did not eat up any of the
resources that one had with him. All the computing was performed at servers. Internet grew
in the lap of these servers. With cloud computing we have come a full circle. We come back
to the centralized computing infrastructure. But this time it is something which can easily be
accessed via the internet and something over which we have all the control.

2. Cloud computing- The Concept

Cloud computing is Internet ("cloud") based development and use of computer technology
("computing"). It is a style of computing in which dynamically scalable and often virtualized
resources are provided as a service over the Internet. Users need not have knowledge of,
expertise in, or control over the technology infrastructure "in the cloud" that supports them.
The concept incorporates infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS) and
software as a service (SaaS) as well as Web 2.0 and other recent technology trends which
have the common theme of reliance on the Internet for satisfying the computing needs of the
users. Examples of SaaS vendors include Salesforce.com and Google Apps which provide
common business applications online that are accessed from a web browser, while the
software and data are stored on the servers.
The term cloud is used as a metaphor for the Internet, based on how the Internet is depicted
in computer network diagrams, and is an abstraction for the complex infrastructure it
conceals.

2.1

Comparison:

Cloud
computing
is
often
confused
with
grid
computing
("a
form of distributed computing whereby a 'super and virtual computer' is composed of a
cluster of networked, loosely-coupled computers, acting in concert to perform very large
tasks"), utility computing (the "packaging of computing resources, such as computation and
storage, as a metered service similar to a traditional public utility such as electricity") and
autonomic computing ("computer systems capable of self-management").
Indeed many cloud computing deployments as of 2009 depend on grids, have autonomic
characteristics and bill like utilities but cloud computing can be seen as a natural next step
from the grid-utility model. Some successful cloud architectures have little or no centralized
infrastructure or billing systems whatsoever, including peer-to-peer networks like Bit Torrent
and Skype and volunteer computing like

2.2 Implementation:
The majority of cloud computing infrastructure as of 2009 consists of reliable services
delivered through data centers and built on servers with different levels of virtualization
technologies. The services are accessible anywhere that has access to networking
infrastructure. The Cloud appears as a single point of access for all the computing needs of
consumers. Commercial offerings need to meet the quality of service requirements of
customers and typically offer service level agreements. Open standards are critical to the
growth of cloud computing and open source software has provided the foundation for many
cloud computing implementations.

2.3 Characteristics:

As customers generally do not own the infrastructure, they merely access or rent, they can
avoid capital expenditure and consume resources as a service, paying instead for what they
use. Many cloud-computing offerings have adopted the utility computing model, which is
analogous to how traditional utilities like electricity are consumed, while others are billed on
a subscription basis. Sharing "perishable and intangible" computing power among multiple
tenants can improve utilization rates, as servers are not left idle, which can reduce costs
significantly while increasing the speed of application development. A side effect of this
approach is that "computer capacity rises dramatically" as customers do not have to engineer
for peak loads. Adoption has been enabled by "increased high-speed bandwidth" which
makes it possible to receive the same response times from centralized infrastructure at other
sites.

2.4 Economics:
Cloud computing users can avoid capital expenditure (CapEx) on hardware, software and
services, rather paying a provider only for what they use. Consumption is billed on a utility
(e.g. resources consumed, like electricity) or subscription (e.g. time based, like a newspaper)
basis with little or no upfront cost. Other benefits of this time sharing style approach are low
barriers to entry, shared infrastructure and costs, low management overhead and immediate
access to a broad range of applications. Users can generally terminate the contract at any time
(thereby avoiding return on investment risk and uncertainty) and the services are often
covered by service level agreements with financial penalties.
According to Nicholas Carr the strategic importance of information technology is
diminishing as it becomes standardized and cheaper. He argues that the cloud computing
paradigm shift is similar to the displacement of electricity generators by electricity grids early
in the 20th century.

2.5 Companies:
Providers including Amazon, Microsoft, Google, Sun and Yahoo exemplify the use of cloud
computing. It is being adopted by individual users through large enterprises including
General Electric, L'Oral, and Procter & Gamble.

3. History
The Cloud is a term with a long history in telephony, which has in the past decade, been
adopted as a metaphor for internet based services, with a common depiction in network
diagrams as a cloud outline.
The underlying concept dates back to 1960 when John McCarthy opined that "computation
may someday be organized as a public utility"; indeed it shares characteristics with service
bureaus which date back to the 1960s. The term cloud had already come into commercial use
in the early 1990s to refer to large ATM networks. By the turn of the 21st century, the term
"cloud computing" had started to appear, although most of the focus at this time was on
Software as a service (SaaS).
In 1999, Salesforce.com was established by Marc Benioff, Parker Harris, and his fellows.
They applied many technologies of consumer web sites like Google and Yahoo! to business
applications. They also provided the concept of "On demand" and "SaaS" with their real
business and successful customers. The key for SaaS is being customizable by customer
alone or with a small amount of help. Flexibility and speed for application development have
been drastically welcomed and accepted by business users.
IBM extended these concepts in 2001, as detailed in the Autonomic Computing Manifesto -which described advanced automation techniques such as self-monitoring, self-healing, selfconfiguring, and self-optimizing in the management of complex IT systems with

heterogeneous storage, servers, applications, networks, security mechanisms, and other

system elements that can be virtualized across an enterprise.
Amazon.com played a key role in the development of cloud computing by modernizing their
data centers after the dot-com bubble and, having found that the new cloud architecture
resulted in significant internal efficiency improvements, providing access to their systems by
way of Amazon Web Services in 2005 on a utility computing basis.
2007 saw increased activity, with Google, IBM, and a number of universities embarking on a
large scale cloud computing research project, around the time the term started gaining
popularity in the mainstream press. It was a hot topic by mid-2008 and numerous cloud
computing events had been scheduled.
In August 2008, Gartner Research observed that "organizations are switching from companyowned hardware and software assets to per-use service-based models" and that the "projected
shift to cloud computing will result in dramatic growth in IT products in some areas and in
significant reductions in other areas."

4. Need for Cloud Computing

What could we do with 1000 times more data and CPU power? One simple
question. Thats all it took the interviewers to bewilder the confident job applicants at
Google. This is a question of relevance because the amount of data that an application
handles is increasing day by day and so is the CPU power that one can harness.
There are many answers to this question. With this much CPU power, we
could scale our businesses to 1000 times more users. Right now we are gathering statistics
about every user using an application. With such CPU power at hand, we could monitor every
single user click and every user interaction such that we can gather all the statistics about the
user. We could improve the recommendation systems of users. We could model better price
plan choices. With this CPU power we couldsimulate the case where we have say 1,00,000
users in the system without any glitches.
There are lots of other things we could do with so much CPU power and data
capabilities. But what is keeping us back. One of the reasons is the large scale
architecture which comes with these are difficult to manage. There may be many different
problems with the architecture we have to support. The machines may start failing, the hard
drives may crash, the network may go down and many other such hardware problems. The
hardware has to be designed such that the architecture is reliable and scalable. This large

scale architecture has a very expensive upfront and has high maintenance costs. It requires
different resources like machines, power, cooling, etc. The system also cannot scale as and
when needed and so is not easily reconfigurable.
The resources are also constrained by the resources. As the applications
become large, they become I/O bound. The hard drive access speed becomes a
limiting factor. Though the raw CPU power available may not be a factor, the amount of
RAM available clearly becomes a factor. This is also limited in this context. If at all the
hardware problems are managed very well, there arises the software problems. There may be
bugs in the software using this much of data. The workload also demands two important tasks
for two completely different people. The software has to be such that it is bug free and has
good data processing algorithms to manage all thedata.
The cloud computing works on the cloud - so there are large groups of often
low-cost servers with specialized connections to spread the data-processing chores among
them. Since there are a lot of low-cost servers connected together, there are large pools of
resources available. So these offer almost unlimited computing resources. This makes the
availability of resources a lesser issue.
The data of the application can also be stored in the cloud. Storage of data in
the cloud has many distinct advantages over other storages. One thing is that data is spread
evenly through the cloud in such a way that there are multiple copies of the data and there are
ways by which failure can be detected and the data can be rebalanced on the fly. The I/O
operations become simpler in the cloud such that browsing and searching for something in
25GB or more of data becomes simpler in the cloud, which is nearly impossible to do on a
desktop.
The cloud computing applications also provide automatic reconfiguration of
the resources based on the service level agreements. When we are using applications out of
the cloud, to scale the application with respect to the load is a mundane task because the
resources have to be gathered and then provided to the users. If the load on the application is
such that it is present only for a small amount of time as compared to the time its working out
of the load, but occurs frequently, then scaling of the resources becomes tedious. But when
the application is in the cloud, the load can be managed by spreading it to other available
nodes by making a copy of the application on to them. This can be reverted once the load
goes down. It can be done as and when needed. All these are done automatically such that the
resources maintain and manage themselves.

5. Key Characteristics
Cost is greatly reduced and capital expenditure is converted to operational expenditure.
This lowers barriers to entry, as infrastructure is typically provided by a third-party and does
not need to be purchased for one-time or infrequent intensive computing tasks. Pricing on a
utility computing basis is fine-grained with usage-based options and minimal or no IT skills
are required for implementation.

Device and location independence enable users to access systems using a web
browser regardless of their location or what device they are using, e.g., PC, mobile.
As infrastructure is off-site (typically provided by a third-party) and accessed via the
Internet the users can connect from anywhere.

Multi-tenancy enables sharing of resources and costs among a large pool of users,
allowing for:
o

Centralization of infrastructure in areas with lower costs (such as real estate,

electricity, etc.)

Peak-load capacity increases (users need not engineer for highest possible
load-levels)

Utilization and efficiency improvements for systems that are often only 1020% utilized.

Reliability improves through the use of multiple redundant sites, which makes it
suitable for business continuity and disaster recovery. Nonetheless, most major cloud
computing services have suffered outages and IT and business managers are able to
do little when they are affected.

Scalability via dynamic ("on-demand") provisioning of resources on a fine-grained,

self-service basis near real-time, without users having to engineer for peak loads.
Performance is monitored and consistent and loosely-coupled architectures are
constructed using web services as the system interface.

Security typically improves due to centralization of data, increased security-focused

resources, etc., but raises concerns about loss of control over certain sensitive data.
Security is often as good as or better than traditional systems, in part because
providers are able to devote resources to solving security issues that many customers
cannot afford. Providers typically log accesses, but accessing the audit logs
themselves can be difficult or impossible.

Sustainability comes about through improved resource utilization, more efficient

systems, and carbon neutrality. Nonetheless, computers and associated infrastructure
are major consumers of energy.

6. Components
Cloud computing Components
Applications Facebook Google Apps SalesForce Microsoft Online
Client

Browser(Chrome) Firefox Cloud Mobile (Android iPhone) Netbook

(EeePC MSI Wind) Nettop (CherryPal Zonbu)

Infrastructur BitTorrent EC2 GoGrid Sun Grid 3tera

e

Platforms

App Engine Azure Mosso SalesForce

Services

Alexa FPS MTurk SQS

Storage

S3 SimpleDB SQL Services

Standards

Ajax Atom HTML 5 REST

6.1 Application
A cloud application leverages the Cloud in software architecture, often eliminating the need
to install and run the application on the customer's own computer, thus alleviating the burden
of software maintenance, ongoing operation, and support. For example:
Peer-to-peer / volunteer computing (Bittorrent, BOINC Projects, Skype)

Web application (Facebook)

Software as a service (Google Apps, SAP and Salesforce)

Software plus services (Microsoft Online Services)

6.2Client
A cloud client consists of computer hardware and/or computer software which relies on
cloud computing for application delivery, or which is specifically designed for delivery of
cloud services and which, in either case, is essentially useless without it. For example:

Mobile (Android, iPhone, Windows Mobile)

Thin client (CherryPal, Zonbu, gOS-based systems)

Thick client / Web browser (Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox)

6.3 Infrastructure
Cloud infrastructure, such as Infrastructure as a service, is the delivery of computer
infrastructure, typically a platform virtualization environment, as a service. For example:

Full virtualization (GoGrid, Skytap)

Management (RightScale)

Compute (Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud)

Platform (Force.com)

6.4 Platform
A cloud platform, such as Platform as a service, the delivery of a computing platform, and/or
solution stack as a service, facilitates deployment of applications without the cost and
complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software layers. For
example:

Web application frameworks

o

Python Django (Google App Engine)

Ruby on Rails (Heroku)

.NET (Azure Services Platform)

Web hosting (Mosso)

Proprietary (Force.com)

6.5 Service
A cloud service includes "products, services and solutions that are delivered and consumed in
real-time over the Internet". For example, Web Services ("software system[s] designed to
support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network") which may be

accessed by other cloud computing components, software, e.g., Software plus service, or end
users directly. Specific examples include:

Identity (OAuth, OpenID)

Integration (Amazon Simple Queue Service)

Payments (Amazon Flexible Payments Service, Google Checkout, PayPal)

Mapping (Google Maps, Yahoo! Maps)

Search (Alexa, Google Custom Search, Yahoo! BOSS)

Others (Amazon Mechanical Turk)

6.6 Storage
Cloud storage involves the delivery of data storage as a service, including database-like
services, often billed on a utility computing basis, e.g., per gigabyte per month. For example:

Database (Amazon SimpleDB, Google App Engine's BigTable datastore)

Network attached storage (MobileMe iDisk, Nirvanix CloudNAS)

Synchronization (Live Mesh Live Desktop component, MobileMe push functions)

Web service (Amazon Simple Storage Service, Nirvanix SDN)

7. Architecture
Cloud architecture, the systems architecture of the software systems involved in the
delivery of cloud computing, comprises hardware and software designed by a cloud
architect who typically works for a cloud integrator. It typically involves multiple
cloud components communicating with each other over application programming
interfaces, usually web services.
This closely resembles the UNIX philosophy of having multiple programs doing one
thing well and working together over universal interfaces. Complexity is controlled and
the resulting systems are more manageable than their monolithic counterparts.
Cloud architecture extends to the client, where web browsers and/or software
applications access cloud applications.
Cloud storage architecture is loosely coupled, where metadata operations are
centralized enabling the data nodes to scale into the hundreds, each independently
delivering data to applications or user.

8. Types

8.1Public cloud
Public cloud or external cloud describes cloud computing in the traditional mainstream sense,
whereby resources are dynamically provisioned on a fine-grained, self-service basis over the
Internet, via web applications/web services, from an off-site third-party provider who shares
resources and bills on a fine-grained utility computing basis.
8.2Private cloud
Private cloud and internal cloud are neologisms that some vendors have recently used to
describe offerings that emulate cloud computing on private networks. These products claim to
"deliver some benefits of cloud computing without the pitfalls", capitalizing on data security,
corporate governance, and reliability concerns.
While an analyst predicted in 2008 that private cloud networks would be the future of
corporate IT, there is some uncertainty whether they are a reality even within the same firm.
Analysts also claim that within five years a "huge percentage" of small and medium
enterprises will get most of their computing resources from external cloud computing
providers as they "will not have economies of scale to make it worth staying in the IT
business" or be able to afford private clouds.
The term has also been used in the logical rather than physical sense, for example in
reference to platform as service offerings, though such offerings including Microsoft's Azure
Services Platform are not available for on-premises deployment.
8.3Hybrid cloud
A hybrid cloud environment consisting of multiple internal and/or external providers"will be
typical for most enterprises".

9. Roles
9.1Provider
A cloud computing provider or cloud computing service provider owns and operates live
cloud computing systems to deliver service to third parties. The barrier to entry is also
significantly higher with capital expenditure required and billing and management creates

some overhead. Nonetheless, significant operational efficiency and agility advantages can be
realized, even by small organizations, and server consolidation and virtualization rollouts are
already well underway. Amazon.com was the first such provider, modernizing its data centers
which, like most computer networks, were using as little as 10% of its capacity at any one
time just to leave room for occasional spikes. This allowed small, fast-moving groups to add
new features faster and easier, and they went on to open it up to outsiders as Amazon Web
Services in 2002 on a utility computing basis.
9.2User
A user is a consumer of cloud computing. The privacy of users in cloud computing has
become of increasing concern. The rights of users are also an issue, which is being addressed
via a community effort to create a bill of rights.
9.3Vendor
A vendor sells products and services that facilitate the delivery, adoption and use of cloud
computing.For example:

Computer hardware (Dell, HP, IBM, Sun Microsystems)

o

Storage (Sun Microsystems, EMC, IBM)

Infrastructure (Cisco Systems)

Computer software (3tera, Hadoop, IBM, RightScale)

o

Operating systems (Solaris, AIX, Linux including Red Hat)

Platform virtualization (Citrix, Microsoft, VMware, Sun xVM, IBM)

10. Advantages

Lower computer costs:

 You do not need a high-powered and high-priced computer to run cloud

computing's web-based applications.
Since applications run in the cloud, not on the desktop PC, your desktop PC
does not need the processing power or hard disk space demanded by
traditional desktop software.
When you are using web-based applications, your PC can be less expensive,
with a smaller hard disk, less memory, more efficient processor...
In fact, your PC in this scenario does not even need a CD or DVD drive, as no
software programs have to be loaded and no document files need to be saved.

Improved performance:
With few large programs hogging your computer's memory, you will see better
performance from your PC.
Computers in a cloud computing system boot and run faster because they have
fewer programs and processes loaded into memory.

Reduced software costs:

Instead of purchasing expensive software applications, you can get most of
what you need for free-ish!
most cloud computing applications today, such as the Google Docs
suite.
better than paying for similar commercial software
which alone may be justification for switching to cloud applications.

Instant software updates:

Another advantage to cloud computing is that you are no longer faced with
choosing between obsolete software and high upgrade costs.
When the application is web-based, updates happen automatically
available the next time you log into the cloud.
When you access a web-based application, you get the latest version
without needing to pay for or download an upgrade.

Improved document format compatibility:

You do not have to worry about the documents you create on your machine
being compatible with other users' applications or OSes
There are potentially no format incompatibilities when everyone is sharing
documents and applications in the cloud.

Unlimited storage capacity:

Cloud computing offers virtually limitless storage.
Your computer's current 1 Tbyte hard drive is small compared to the hundreds
of Pbytes available in the cloud.

Increased data reliability:

 Unlike desktop computing, in which if a hard disk crashes and destroy all your
valuable data, a computer crashing in the cloud should not affect the storage of
your data.
if your personal computer crashes, all your data is still out there in the
cloud, still accessible
In a world where few individual desktop PC users back up their data on a
regular basis, cloud computing is a data-safe computing platform!

Universal document access:

That is not a problem with cloud computing, because you do not take your
documents with you.
Instead, they stay in the cloud, and you can access them whenever you have a
computer and an Internet connection
Documents are instantly available from wherever you are

Latest version availability:

When you edit a document at home, that edited version is what you see when
you access the document at work.
The cloud always hosts the latest version of your documents

Easier group collaboration:

Sharing documents leads directly to better collaboration.
Many users do this as it is an important advantages of cloud computing
multiple users can collaborate easily on documents and projects

Device independence:
You are no longer tethered to a single computer or network.
Changes to computers, applications and documents follow you through the
cloud.
Move to a portable device, and your applications and documents are still
available.

11. Disadvantages

Requires a constant Internet connection:

Cloud computing is impossible if you cannot connect to the Internet.

 Since you use the Internet to connect to both your applications and documents,
if you do not have an Internet connection you cannot access anything, even
your own documents.
A dead Internet connection means no work and in areas where Internet
connections are few or inherently unreliable, this could be a deal-breaker.

Does not work well with low-speed connections:

Similarly, a low-speed Internet connection, such as that found with dial-up
services, makes cloud computing painful at best and often impossible.
Web-based applications require a lot of bandwidth to download, as do large
documents.

Features might be limited:

This situation is bound to change, but today many web-based applications
simply are not as full-featured as their desktop-based applications.

Can be slow:
Even with a fast connection, web-based applications can sometimes be slower
than accessing a similar software program on your desktop PC.
Everything about the program, from the interface to the current document, has
to be sent back and forth from your computer to the computers in the cloud.
If the cloud servers happen to be backed up at that moment, or if the Internet is
having a slow day, you would not get the instantaneous access you might
expect from desktop applications.

Stored data might not be secure:

With cloud computing, all your data is stored on the cloud.
The questions is How secure is the cloud?
Can unauthorised users gain access to your confidential data?

Stored data can be lost:

Theoretically, data stored in the cloud is safe, replicated across multiple
machines.
But on the off chance that your data goes missing, you have no physical or
local backup.

12. Conclusion
Cloud Computing Brings Possibilities..

Increases business responsiveness

Accelerates creation of new services via rapid prototyping capabilities

Reduces acquisition complexity via service oriented approach

Uses IT resources efficiently via sharing and higher system utilization

Reduces energy consumption

Handles new and emerging workloads

Scales to extreme workloads quickly and easily

Simplifies IT management

Platform for collaboration and innovation

Cultivates skills for next generation workforce

Today, with such cloud-based interconnection seldom in evidence, cloud computing might be
more accurately described as "sky computing," with many isolated clouds of services which
IT customers must plug into individually. On the other hand, as virtualization and SOA
permeate the enterprise, the idea of loosely coupled services running on an agile, scalable
infrastructure should eventually make every enterprise a node in the cloud. It's a long-running
trend with a far-out horizon. But among big metatrends, cloud computing is the hardest one to
argue with in the long term.
Cloud Computing is a technology which took the software and business world by storm. The
much deserved hype over it will continue for years to come.