Focus: Fieldwork/Data Collection Process
Focus: Fieldwork/Data Collection Process
Focus: Fieldwork/Data Collection Process
Focus
Fieldwork
Fieldworkdatacollectionprocess
Selectionandtrainingoffieldworkers
Guidelines
Supervisionoffieldworkers
Validationoffieldwork
Evaluationoffieldworkers
Fieldwork
Fieldwork/DataCollectionProcess
Selectionoffieldworkers
Developjobspecificationsfortheproject,
takingintoaccountthemodeofdata
collection
SelectingFieldWorkers
TrainingFieldWorkers
Decidewhatcharacteristicsthefieldworkers
shouldhave
SupervisingFieldWorkers
ValidatingFieldwork
EvaluatingFieldWorkers
Fieldwork
Recruitappropriateindividuals
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GeneralQualificationsofFieldWorkers
Fieldwork
Trainingoffieldworkers
Fieldworkersshouldbe
Toensurethatallinterviewersadministerthe
questionnaireinthesamemanner
Healthy:Staminarequiredtodothejob
Outgoing:Toestablishrapportwiththerespondents
Communicative:
C
i i Effectivespeakingandlisteningskillsareagreatasset
Makingtheinitialcontact
Askingthequestions
Probing
Recordingtheanswers
Terminatingtheinterview
Pleasantappearance:Unpleasantorunusualphysicalappearancemay
leadtobiasincollecteddata
Educated:Goodreadingandwritingskills
Experienced:Experiencedinterviewersarelikelytodoabetterjob
Fieldwork
Fieldwork
04/03/2014
Makingtheinitialcontact
Askingthequestions
Bethoroughlyfamiliarwiththequestionnaire
Askthequestionsintheorderinwhichtheyappear
inthequestionnaire
Usetheexactwordinggiveninthequestionnaire
Readeachquestionslowly
Repeatquestionsthatarenotunderstood
Askeveryapplicablequestion
Followinstructionandskippatterns,probing
carefully
Thefieldworkershould
Introduce himself/herselftotheinterviewee
Askforanappointment iftherespondentisnot
willing to respond immediately
willingtorespondimmediately
Beappropriatelytrainediffootinthedoor or
doorintheface techniquesareemployed
Fieldwork
Fieldwork
CommonlyUsedProbesand
Abbreviations
Probing:Somecommonlyusedtechniques
Repeatingthequestion
Repeatingtherespondentsreply
Usingapauseorsilentprobe
Boosting or reassuring the respondent
Boostingorreassuringtherespondent
Elicitingclarification
Usingobjective/neutralquestionsor
comments
Fieldwork
Abbreviation
(AO?)
(Other?)
(AE or Else?)
(Tell more)
(How mean?)
(RQ)
(What mean?)
(Which closer?)
(Why?)
(What in mind?)
Fieldwork
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GuidelinesonInterviewerTraining:TheCouncilofAmerican
SurveyResearchOrganizations
Recordingtheanswers
Trainingshouldbeconductedunderthedirectionofsupervisorypersonneland
shouldcoverthefollowing:
Recordresponsesduringtheinterview
Usetherespondentsownwords
Donotsummarizeorparaphrasethe
respondentsanswers
d
Includeeverythingthatpertainstothe
questionobjectives
Includeallprobesandcomments
Repeattheresponseasitiswrittendown
Fieldwork
1)
Theresearchprocess:howastudyisdeveloped,implementedandreported.
2)
Importanceofinterviewers;needforhonesty,objectivityandprofessionalism.
3)
Confidentialityoftherespondentandclient.
4)
Familiaritywithmarketresearchterminology.
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5)
Importanceoffollowingtheexactwordingandrecordingresponsesverbatim.
6)
Purposeanduseofprobingandclarifyingtechniques.
7)
Thereasonforanduseofclassificationandrespondentinformationquestions.
8)
Areviewofsamplesofinstructionsandquestionnaires.
9)
Importanceoftherespondentspositivefeelingsaboutsurveyresearch.
Aninterviewermustbetrainedintheinterviewingtechniquesoutlinedabove.
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Fieldwork
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GuidelinesonSupervision:TheCouncilofAmericanSurvey
ResearchOrganizations
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
GuidelinesonInterviewing:TheCouncilofAmericanSurvey
ResearchOrganizations
Allresearchprojectsshouldbeproperlysupervised.Itisthedatacollection
agencysresponsibilityto:
Properlysuperviseinterviews.
Seethatanagreeduponproportionofinterviewerstelephonecallsare
monitored.
Beavailabletoreportonthestatusoftheprojectdailytotheproject
director,unlessotherwiseinstructed.
Keepallstudies,materials,andfindingsconfidential.
Notifyconcernedpartiesiftheanticipatedscheduleisnotmet.
Attendallinterviewerbriefings.
Keepcurrentandaccuraterecordsoftheinterviewingprogress.
Makesureallinterviewershaveallmaterialsintime.
Editeachquestionnaire.
Provideconsistent&positivefeedbacktotheinterviewers.
Notfalsifyanywork.
Fieldwork
Recordallrepliesverbatim,notparaphrased.
11)
Avoidunnecessaryconversationwiththerespondent.
12)
Probe&clarifyinaneutralmannerforadditionalcommentsonallopen
endedquestions,unlessotherwiseindicated.
Checkallworkforthoroughnessbeforeturningintothesupervisor.
15)
Whenterminatingarespondent,doitneutrally.
16)
Keepallstudies,materials,andfindingsconfidential.
17)
Notfalsifyanyinterviewsoranyanswerstoanyquestion.
18)
Thanktherespondentforparticipatinginthestudy.
Readeachquestionexactlyaswritten.Reportanyproblemstothesupervisorassoon
aspossible.
3)
Readthequestionsintheorderindicatedonthequestionnaire,followingtheproper
skipsequences.
4)
Clarifyanyquestionbytherespondentinaneutralway.
5)
Notmisleadrespondentsastothelengthoftheinterview.
6)
Notrevealtheultimateclientsidentityunlessinstructedtodoso.
7)
Keepatallyonandthereasonforeachterminatedinterview.
8)
Remainneutral,donotindicate(dis)agreementwiththerespondent.
Fieldwork
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Making surefieldworkersarefollowingtheprocedures
andtechniquesinwhichtheyweretrained
Involves
Speakslowlyanddistinctly.
10)
Writeneatlyandlegibly.
2)
SupervisionofFieldWorkers
9)
14)
Providehisorherfullname,ifaskedbytherespondent,aswellasaphonenumberfor
theresearchfirm.
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GuidelinesonInterviewing:TheCouncilofAmericanSurvey
ResearchOrganizations
13)
Eachintervieweristofollowthesetechniquesforgoodinterviewing:
1)
QualityControlandEditing
Checktoseeifthefieldproceduresarebeingproperlyimplemented
SamplingControl
Sampling Control
Toensurethattheinterviewersarestrictlyfollowingthesamplingplan
Fieldwork
ControlofCheating
Cheatingcanbeminimizedthroughpropertraining,supervision,and
validation
CentralOfficeControl
Supervisorsprovidequalityandcostcontrolinformationtothecentral
office.
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EvaluationofFieldWorkers
ValidationofFieldwork
CostandTime. Theinterviewerscanbecomparedin
termsofthetotalcost(salaryandexpenses)per
completedinterview.
Thesupervisorscall10 25%oftherespondentstoinquire
whetherthefieldworkersactuallyconductedthe
interviews.
ResponseRates. Itisimportanttomonitorresponserates
onatimelybasissothatcorrectiveactioncanbetakenif
y
theseratesaretoolow.
Thesupervisorsaskaboutthelengthandqualityofthe
h
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interview,reactiontotheinterviewer,andbasic
demographicdata.
QualityofInterviewing. Toevaluateinterviewersonthe
qualityofinterviewing,thesupervisormustdirectly
observetheinterviewingprocess.
Thedemographicinformationiscrosscheckedagainstthe
informationreportedbytheinterviewersonthe
questionnaires.
Fieldwork
QualityofData. Thecompletedquestionnairesofeach
interviewershouldbeevaluatedforthequalityofdata.
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Fieldwork
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