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Building The Modular Moveable Greenhouse described

in The Four Season Farm Gardeners Cookbook
By Barbara Damrosch and Eliot Coleman

This modular greenhouse is designed so home gardeners can easily

build their own greenhouse. All of the major parts in the list following are
available at your local home projects store. We have conducted
workshops to build these modular greenhouses with groups of gardeners
and the quick and simple process always delights everyone. All of a
sudden, there it is, a greenhouse.

First, here is an overview of the project. Specific instructions will

follow. The modular greenhouse has five major components the hoops,
the connectors, the plastic, the anchors, and the doors.
1. Each hoop is made from two 10-foot long by 1-inch diameter
lengths of Electrical Metal Tubing (EMT.) Since there are three hoops in
this greenhouse you will need six lengths of EMT for the hoops. Each
length is bent into a circle using a # 7000 curved bending form from
the Johnnys Selected Seeds catalog. Two quarter-circles together make a
half-circle. The bending forms are sold with detailed instructions on how
to use them.

HOOP
10-foot long quarter circle

10-foot long quarter circle

12 feet 6

2. There are three connectors. They each consist of a straight 10foot length of EMT with three 6-inch lengths of chain link fence top-rail
pipe bolted on one at each end and one in the middle. Two of them, the
base connectors, lie on the ground, one on either side of the greenhouse,
to secure the bottoms of the hoops. The third, the top connector, secures
the upper ends of the hoops at the apex of the greenhouse. These are all
placed with the long length of EMT to the outside of the greenhouse.

CONNECTOR

10 feet
6 inches

3. The plastic covering is what creates the greenhouse climate. It

lets in light but keeps out the cold dry winds that kill plants in winter.
We highly recommend a commercial grade, ultra-violet resistant
greenhouse plastic over the hardware store variety, which, since it is not
manufactured to resist sunlight degradation, will break down in less
than a year. The plastic is used both for covering the greenhouse and for
making the doors and is attached to the pipe frame with form-fitting
plastic snap-clamps. (Both the greenhouse plastic and the snap clamps
are available from the Johnnys Selected Seeds catalog.)

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4. The corner anchors consist of four lengths of top-rail pipe, each
2 feet long. One is driven in at each corner of the greenhouse and each
is attached to a U-bolt that secures to the base connectors. Drive each
anchor pipe into the ground to its full length, if possible, leaving just 3
protruding. The scissor door anchors consist of two lengths of top bar
pipe, each 2 1/2 feet long. One is driven in at the base of each door and
holes in the door tubes slip over a bolt in the anchor pipe.

5. The doors cover both ends of the greenhouse and make up the
whole end-wall. The end wall consists of two lengths of EMT hanging side
by side with plastic attached. We call them scissor doors because the
two lengths are held to the top of the greenhouse by a bolt through their
upper ends but the bottom ends swing free and can be opened to either
side like a pair of scissors. Just swinging one of them allows entry and
exit from the greenhouse. Or one or both of them can be set slightly open
for partial ventilation. When both are swung out completely to their
respective sides of the greenhouse and tied off, the whole of each end of
the greenhouse is open giving as complete summer ventilation as is
possible.

SCISSOR DOORS AJAR

SCISSOR DOORS FULLY OPEN

PARTS LIST

All items are available either off the shelf at your local home
projects store or from the Johnnys Selected Seeds catalog.

1. 15 lengths of 1 by 10 Electrical Metallic Tubing (EMT.) EMT is also

known as metal electrical conduit. It is made of zinc-coated steel. In the
instructions to follow these are referred to as tubes.
2. 2 lengths of 1-3/8 by 10 Chain-Link-Fence Top-Rail pipe. In the
instructions to follow these are referred to as pipes.
3. 20 bolts @ 3 by 5/16 hex-head with nuts.
4. 4 bolts @ 5 by 5/16 hex head with nuts.
5. I box of 1 self-tapping screws (tech screws.)
6. 4 U-bolts @ 5/16 by 1-3/8 by 3-3/4.
7. 1 sheet of 20 by 32 greenhouse plastic.
8. 1 box of 100 Snap-Clamps for 1 EMT.

TOOLS LIST
1. A corded or cordless electric drill.
2. An 11/32 drill bit. This bit is slightly larger than the 5/16th bolts. The
larger hole makes assembly easier.
3. A couple of wrenches for tightening bolts.

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4. A hand hacksaw or electric reciprocating saw for cutting metal tubing.
5. A chalk line.
6. A carpenters square.
7. A drill bit for driving self-tapping screws.
8. One large bolt (6 by 1) to use when driving the anchor pipes.
9. A four to six pound sledge hammer.
10. One model # 7000 Quick Hoops Moveable Caterpillar Tunnel Bender
from the Johnnys Selected Seeds Catalog.

SETTING UP THE BENDER

The tubing bender may be mounted to any solid surface, such as a

workbench, a picnic table, hay wagon, etc. It may be lag-screwed or thrubolted into place. 5/16 mounting holes are provided on benders.
Screws, bolts, etc. are included. By securing the bender in a fixed
position, and pulling the tubing around the bender, the operator can
maintain precise control of the tubing being bent.

Wherever mounted, it is important to have enough room to

accommodate both the in-feed and out-feed of tubing, as well as some
type of support at the out-feed end about 34 above the mounting
surface. This will prevent corkscrewing and ensure that the modular
greenhouse hoops created are in a single plane. This is accomplished

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most easily with something similar to 1 x 4 slats (actually 34 thick);
3/4 plywood or a similar material would also be adequate.

The bender comes with a lever bar that fits over the end of the
tubing you are bending to give you extra leverage for completing the bend
(see below.)

BENDING THE HOOPS

1. Mark one end of each of the six lengths of tubing for the hoops with a
magic marker. This is the end that will be inserted into the base
connector when the greenhouse is assembled.
2. Insert the marked end of tubing into the holding strap at the end of
the bender.
3. Keeping the tubing in the channel created by the two sandwiched
curved pipes of the bender, and with a smooth motion, pull back as if on
a long oar (do not push), bending the tubing all the way around until it
just touches the end of the bender closest to you. Stop. Do not bend past
the end or the arc you create will not be smooth.
4. Release tension until the tubing is loose in the holding strap and slide
it through the holding strap about one third the length of the bender
itself. It is important to keep the newly curved section flat against the
supports at the out-feed end (see above) throughout the bending process.

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5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until about three feet of unbent tubing remain
beyond the closest end of the bender or if bending becomes too difficult.
6. Slide the lever bar over the unbent end. This effectively gives you more
leverage for bending the rest of the pipe.
7. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the point where the lever bar meets the
pipe is even with the closest end of the bender.
8. Pull the now bent pipe out of the bender and repeat for all other
unbent pipes, always inserting the marked end of the pipe into the
bender first.

MAKING THE CONNECTORS

Start by cutting nine pieces, each six inches long, off of one of the
lengths of top-rail pipe. Drill a hole through the middle of each. These are
the pipe sections into which the hoops will be inserted when the
greenhouse is assembled. (1 3/8th inch chain-link-fence top-rail has an
interior diameter into which 1-inch EMT fits neatly.) They are attached at
right angles with 3-inch bolts to a straight ten-foot long length of EMT.
First you have to drill 5 holes in each of the EMT tubes used as base
connectors. Before drilling holes snap a chalk line lengthwise along the
centerline of a ten-foot length of EMT. That line will help to keep the
holes you drill lined up down the very center of the tube. Make marks
across at inch in from each end, at 38 in from each end, and in the

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middle. With a punch, make a dimple at each mark to prevent the drill
bit from walking. Drill a straight and true hole with an 11/16th bit at
each mark. For the top connector you follow the same process but only
drill three holes, one inch in from each end and one in the middle.

Using 3 by 5/16 galvanized bolts attach three of the 6 long top

bar pipes to each of the ten-foot long drilled EMT tubes at right angles to
the tube. Attach one at each end and one in the middle. Insert the bolt
first through the tube and then through the pipe section. Twist on a nut
and a lock washer and tighten securely with the wrenches.

The two holes in the base connectors, 3 6 in from each end, will
be used for attaching the diagonal braces later in the construction
process. To make the diagonal braces cut two lengths of EMT in half.
That gives you four lengths each 5 feet long. Snap a chalk line lengthwise
and make a mark in from each end on all four lengths. Make a dimple
at each mark with a punch and drill a straight and true hole at each
mark with an 11/16th drill bit.

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ASSEMBLING THE MODULAR GREENHOUSE

One person can do this alone but the process will be easier with
two people. Lay one of the base connectors on the ground. Take three of
the curved lengths of EMT and insert the marked end of each into one
end of each right-angle pipe on the base connector. Insert them so the
curve of the hoop will place the straight length of the base connector to
the outside of the greenhouse. Insert the other ends into the pipes
attached to the top connector, again placing the straight length of the
connector to the outside of the greenhouse. Then lift up the top
connector and the one-half greenhouse frame and insert a hoop into the
center pipe to hold it in position. Insert the other two hoops. Finally lay
the second base connector on the ground next to the three recently
inserted hoops and, one by one, insert the bottom of the hoops into the
base connector pipes. If you are working alone and do this right the
hoops you havent secured yet will not fall out while you are securing the
others. If they do fall out, go back to step one and find a friend to help
with the whole process.

Once you have the structure upright make sure all the hoops are
fully inserted into the pipes. Depending on how consistently you bent the
hoops the greenhouse will be about 13 feet wide. Make sure it is sitting
on a reasonably flat piece of ground and then square the structure. To do

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that first make sure both ends are the same width. Then measure the
two diagonals from corner to corner. If the ends are the same distance
apart the structure will be square when the diagonals are each the same.
Rearrange the sides of the structure until you have a perfect square.
Once you have the structure squared up secure each hoop in the
connector pipes with a 1 self-tapping screw. Insert the screws so their
heads are on the inside of the greenhouse.

Next, starting at one corner, bolt one end of a diagonal brace to the
adjacent empty hole in the base connector (3 6 from the end) with a 3
bolt. Swing the other end of the brace up against the hoop and using a
square to make sure you have a right angle, and using the hole in the
end of the brace as a guide, drill a corresponding hole through the hoop
and insert another bolt to secure the diagonal. In both cases the brace,
and the nut holding the bolt, should be on the inside of the greenhouse.
Repeat those steps at the other corners.

COVERING WITH PLASTIC

You need a 20 by 32.5 sheet of plastic to cover this greenhouse. If

you purchase a 20 by 65 sheet of greenhouse plastic (sold by the
Johnnys Selected Seeds catalog) you will have enough to cover the

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greenhouse two times. The plastic has a guaranteed four-year life span
but we find we can stretch it to five years before the plastic begins to
deteriorate. If you store the second half of the sheet under cover out of
the sun it will not deteriorate. Thus, one plastic purchase will protect
your greenhouse crops for up to ten years.

The plastic will be attached to the greenhouse with plastic

snap-clamps that fit snugly around 1 EMT. To guarantee that they will
not pop off under stress we pre-drill a inch hole through the center of
each clamp so that we can secure them with tech-screws.

Putting on the plastic is easiest with two people and should be

done on a day with no wind. Cut a 12 by 22 piece of plastic for the
greenhouse cover from the roll (see plastic cutting pattern). With one
person on each side stretch it up and over the greenhouse. Lift up one
edge of the greenhouse, fold the plastic around the base connector, and
anchor the plastic to the base connector with 10 evenly spaced snapclamps and tech-screws. (Cut a slit where the plastic encounters the
center pipe on the base connector.) Go to the other side of the
greenhouse, lift it up, pull the plastic taut and again anchor it with snapclamps and tech-screws. Then with one person on each side of the
greenhouse pulling the plastic taut against each other put on snapclamps to attach the plastic to the hoops. Secure them with tech-screws.

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Using a pair of sharp scissors trim the excess plastic to about a threeinch length around the four edges of the greenhouse.

THE ANCHORS

We plan on the eventual width of our greenhouse to be 126. That

distance accommodates the width of the four beds and three paths (see
pages 87 101 in The Four Season Farm Gardeners Cookbook) with a
little extra along each edge. When setting the greenhouse in place you
push the edges in to that distance to put the greenhouse base connectors
inside the anchor pipes. So the first step is to put the anchor pipes in
place.

To make the anchors you will need four 30 lengths of top-rail. Cut
off the swaged end on the remaining length of top-rail and cut it into four
equal length pieces. Drill a hole with the 11/32nd drill bit one inch from
one end of each anchor pipe. The end with the hole will be the top end
when you drive the anchor pipe into the ground.

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Lay out a square site for your greenhouse. Again make sure you
carefully measure the distances apart of the sides. Then make sure the
diagonals are equal. Two anchor pipes are placed on each edge of the
greenhouse.

126
3

96

3
126

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They should each be set 3 in from the corner with the hole in the top
perpendicular to the side on the greenhouse. Drive them into the ground
with a sledgehammer using the driving bolt to protect the top end from
deforming. Stop driving when there is still about 3 remaining above the
soil.

When the greenhouse is placed on the site, push the bottom ends
of the base connector pipes into the soil so the base connector tube sits
flat on the ground. The next step is to anchor the greenhouse to the
ground pipes with the U-bolts. First, you need to modify each U-bolt by
cutting off the threaded leg on one side to give you a cane-shaped part.
Discard the cross plate. The remaining threaded leg will be poked
through the plastic just above the base connector, and through the hole
in a ground anchor pipe. Before doing that you will want to drive the
anchor pipe in slightly deeper so the drilled hole sits just above the base
connector tube. The cane-shaped end goes around the base connector
tube. Put on a washer and a nut and tighten each one.

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ADDING THE SCISSOR DOORS

At each end of the greenhouse drill an 11/32nd hole through the

end pipe of the top connector, just to the right of the bolt connecting the
pipe to the tubing. Slip a 5-inch by 3/8th bolt through that hole with the
bolt head on the inside of the greenhouse. Add a nut on the outside to
secure it in place. That bolt supports the top end of the scissor doors and
serves as their hinge.

Each scissor door consists of a pair of tubes hanging from that

bolt. They sit side-by-side, one in front of the other. The bottom of the
tubes should sit 3 above the ground so cut them to length accordingly.
Snap a chalk line down each tube and drill two holes with the 11/32nd
drill bit. The first is one inch from one end of each door tube and the
second is TK from that end. The end with the hole will be the top end and
that hole is slipped over the bolt.

The bottom ends of the scissor doors are secured in place, when
closed, by a similar bolt on the scissor door anchor pipe. The anchor
pipes are made by cutting in half the 5-foot long section of top-rail pipe
left over from cutting the six-inch connector pipes. Drill a hole at one end
of each of those 3 down from the end.

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With both tubes in place and hanging down make a mark on the
soil just to the greenhouse side of them. With the hole at the upper end
drive an anchor pipe at that spot with the driving head. Twist the anchor
pipe so the hole is perpendicular to the scissor door tubes and drive it
deep enough so its hole lines up with the holes towards the bottom of the
scissor door tubes. Place a 5-inch bolt through the hole in the anchor
pipe and hold it with a nut on the other side. The bottom ends of the
scissor door pipes are secured, when the doors are closed, by slipping
their holes over that bolt. (Some people have found it easier to slip the
holes over the bolt if they increase the size of the hole in the scissor door
tubes by using a larger drill bit, up to inch.)

Each door tube is attached to separate piece of plastic that also

attaches to the greenhouse. Each door sheet is 8 by 10 (see pattern).
Swing open the outside tube and secure it to one side. Leaving a 12 flap
of plastic to lie on the soil at the bottom attach one of the 10 sides of the
door plastic to the inside tube with snap-clamps, flip it over the top of
the greenhouse and, pulling the plastic reasonably taut, attach it to the
curve of the greenhouse with snap-clamps. Place the snap-clamps in
between those holding the top plastic on. Close the outside tube and
repeat that process placing the snap-clamps on the outside tube in
between those on the inside tube. Trim the excess plastic with a sharp
pair of scissors, leaving a 3-inch flap. Repeat that process on the other

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end of the greenhouse. When the doors are closed we add a wing nut on
the end of the anchor pipe bolt to keep the scissor doors closed. A few
sand bags set on the 12 flap of plastic at the bottom will keep the doors
extra secure against wind. (See The Four Season Farm Gardeners
Cookbook page 454.)

For ventilation the doors are held open by short lengths of rope.
Place a piece of heavy-duty clear plastic tape over the cover plastic just
above the top of each corner brace. Make a hole through that reinforced
plastic area and stick one end of a 3-foot length of rope through the hole.
The two ends of that rope can then be tied around the swung out scissor
door to secure it in the open position. When we need just a little
ventilation, early and late in the season, we open the door slightly and
hold it open with a garden fork stuck in the ground.

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The modular moveable greenhouse frame.

Base connector with diagonal braces.

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The completed greenhouse with one scissor door open.