Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 28 views

    Homework 3

    Uploaded by

    Shashank Natesh
    This document outlines a final project on thermal regulation in space suits. It discusses the different heat sources astronauts experience during extravehicular activities, including metabolic and electrical components. It also examines heat sinks, such as spacecraft materials that protect astronauts from extreme temperatures. The paper describes liquid cooling garment systems that circulate water through tubing in contact with the skin to regulate temperature. It concludes by discussing multi-layer insulation techniques to retain heat in cold environments and controlling liquid cooling loops in high heat situations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Homework 3

    Uploaded by

    Shashank Natesh
    28 views3 pages
    This document outlines a final project on thermal regulation in space suits. It discusses the different heat sources astronauts experience during extravehicular activities, including metabolic and electrical components. It also examines heat sinks, such as spacecraft materials that protect astronauts from extreme temperatures. The paper describes liquid cooling garment systems that circulate water through tubing in contact with the skin to regulate temperature. It concludes by discussing multi-layer insulation techniques to retain heat in cold environments and controlling liquid cooling loops in high heat situations.

    Original Description:

    Thermal hydraulics.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document outlines a final project on thermal regulation in space suits. It discusses the different heat sources astronauts experience during extravehicular activities, including metabolic and electrical components. It also examines heat sinks, such as spacecraft materials that protect astronauts from extreme temperatures. The paper describes liquid cooling garment systems that circulate water through tubing in contact with the skin to regulate temperature. It concludes by discussing multi-layer insulation techniques to retain heat in cold environments and controlling liquid cooling loops in high heat situations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    28 views3 pages

    Homework 3

    Uploaded by

    Shashank Natesh
    This document outlines a final project on thermal regulation in space suits. It discusses the different heat sources astronauts experience during extravehicular activities, including metabolic and electrical components. It also examines heat sinks, such as spacecraft materials that protect astronauts from extreme temperatures. The paper describes liquid cooling garment systems that circulate water through tubing in contact with the skin to regulate temperature. It concludes by discussing multi-layer insulation techniques to retain heat in cold environments and controlling liquid cooling loops in high heat situations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 3

    Thermal Regulation in Space Suits: An Outline to the Final Project by Ahmad Alraeesi

    A space suit (or a Pressure Garment Assembly) is an air-tight anthropomorphic structure in


    which an astronaut is protected from extreme range of temperatures, the near vacuum of space
    and the micrometeoroid flux density that might be encountered in space. In this paper, along with
    the different sources and sinks of temperature the capabilities of the space suit in terms of heat
    removal and heat retention are discussed. The paper is divided into five sections as follows:
    1. Introduction of the PGA
    The NASAs website contains the capsule and milestones history wherein the different space
    suits manufactured by ILC Dover Incorporation are explained in depth (ILC Dover Inc., 1994).
    However, very recently Hodgson (2007) proposed a state-of-the-art space Chameleon Suit where
    the PGA works in an adaptive fashion to minimize temperature-control hardware.
    2. Heat Sources and their Concerns
    During any extravehicular activity (EVA) in space, heat is mainly produced by two sources: the
    astronaut; and his surroundings. Nunneley (1970) mentions that the heat stress experienced by
    the astronaut occurs when the heat input to the body exceeds heat dissipation. Nabity et al.
    (2008) suggested that these two heat sources can be sub-divided into the following heat sources:
    heat of adsorption of metabolic carbon dioxide, the heat of condensation of water, heat removed
    from the body by the liquid cooling system of the PGA, the heat load from the electrical
    components and finally the incident radiation.
    3. Heat Sinks and their Concerns
    The base of the spacecraft is generally made of a strong material like titanium covered with
    beryllium shingles (or fins) as it acts as heat sink by protecting the astronaut from too cold

    temperatures (Cortright, 2012). The non-electronic equipment inside the spacecraft also acts as a
    heat sink for the astronaut, especially if it is made of metal or some thermally conducting
    material (Lomax and Webbon, 1990).
    4. Heat Removal Systems
    The Liquid Cooling and Ventilation Garment in the PGA is a close-fitting undergarment that
    covers the body torso and limbs. It incorporates a network of fine tubing (with water flowing
    inside) that is maintained in close contact with astronauts skin (Nyberg et al., 2001). Since face,
    hands and feet show a strong vasoconstrictive response to cooling; these regions are cooled
    locally by using thermal pads in gloves, boots and face masks (Nunneley, 1986).
    5. Heat Retention Techniques
    The best way for preventing heat removal in cold-temperature situations is by using a multi-layer
    thermal insulation (Hodgson et al., 2001). In situations where the surrounding heat exceeds the
    metabolic heat it is important to control the temperature in the liquid cooling loop (Anis and
    Webb, 1971).
    References
    Nunneley, S. A. (1970). Water cooled garments: a review. Space life sciences,2(3), 335-360.
    Annis, J. F., & Webb, P. (1971). Development of a space activity suit.
    Nunneley, S. A. (1986). Design and evaluation of clothing for protection from heat stress: an
    overview (No. USAFSAM-JA-86-34). SCHOOL OF AEROSPACE MEDICINE BROOKS AFB
    TX.
    Lomax, C., & Webbon, B. W. (1990). A Direct-Interface Fusible Heat Sink for Astronaut
    Cooling (No. 901433). SAE Technical Paper.
    ILC Dover Inc. (1994) http://history.nasa.gov/spacesuits.pdf

    Hodgson, E. W., Bender, A., Goldfarb, J., Hansen, H., Quinn, G., & Sribnik, F. (2001). A
    chameleon suit to liberate human exploration of space environments.NIAC Final Report.
    Nyberg, K. L., Diller, K. R., & Wissler, E. H. (2001). Model of human/liquid cooling garment
    interaction

    for

    space

    suit

    automatic

    thermal

    control. Journal

    of

    biomechanical

    engineering, 123(1), 114-120.


    Hodgson,

    E.

    (2007).

    The

    Chameleon

    SuitA

    Liberated

    Future

    for

    Space

    Explorers. Gravitational and Space Research, 16(2).


    Nabity, J. A., Mason, G. R., Copeland, R. J., & Trevino, L. A. (2009). A freezable heat
    exchanger for space suit radiator systems. SAE International Journal of Aerospace, 1(1), 355363.
    Cortright, E. M. (Ed.). (2012). Apollo Expeditions to the Moon: The NASA History. Courier
    Corporation.

    You might also like