Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 269 views

    Chemistry Laboratory Activity 2

    Uploaded by

    FudgeKeyk
    This document outlines a chemistry laboratory activity on separation techniques. Students will: 1. Separate a mixture of sand, salt, and staples using techniques like filtration and evaporation. 2. Perform paper chromatography on food dyes to separate and identify the pigments. 3. Use paper chromatography to separate and identify the dyes in a unknown mixture. The objectives, materials, and procedures are described for completing these separation experiments and analyzing the results.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Chemistry Laboratory Activity 2

    Uploaded by

    FudgeKeyk
    269 views7 pages
    This document outlines a chemistry laboratory activity on separation techniques. Students will: 1. Separate a mixture of sand, salt, and staples using techniques like filtration and evaporation. 2. Perform paper chromatography on food dyes to separate and identify the pigments. 3. Use paper chromatography to separate and identify the dyes in a unknown mixture. The objectives, materials, and procedures are described for completing these separation experiments and analyzing the results.

    Original Description:

    for lab use in chem

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document outlines a chemistry laboratory activity on separation techniques. Students will: 1. Separate a mixture of sand, salt, and staples using techniques like filtration and evaporation. 2. Perform paper chromatography on food dyes to separate and identify the pigments. 3. Use paper chromatography to separate and identify the dyes in a unknown mixture. The objectives, materials, and procedures are described for completing these separation experiments and analyzing the results.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    269 views7 pages

    Chemistry Laboratory Activity 2

    Uploaded by

    FudgeKeyk
    This document outlines a chemistry laboratory activity on separation techniques. Students will: 1. Separate a mixture of sand, salt, and staples using techniques like filtration and evaporation. 2. Perform paper chromatography on food dyes to separate and identify the pigments. 3. Use paper chromatography to separate and identify the dyes in a unknown mixture. The objectives, materials, and procedures are described for completing these separation experiments and analyzing the results.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 7

    University of Asia and the

    Pacific SY 2015-16

    Chemistry Laboratory Activity 2


    Name: _______________________________________
    ______________________________

    Schedule:

    Date: __________________________________

    Mixtures and Separation Techniques


    Introduction
    Matter can be classified according to composition as pure substance and mixture.
    Pure substances can be divided into elements and compounds while mixtures are
    either homogenous or heterogeneous. Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two
    substances. Solubility is a property that measures the amount of matter (solute)
    that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent. There are different factors that
    affect how much solute can be dissolved in a given solvent as well as the rate at
    which they dissolve.
    One identifying characteristic of a mixture is that they can be separated into their
    pure components through physical means. This laboratory experiment will explore
    some of these separation techniques such as filtration, evaporation, sublimation
    and absorption.

    Objectives
    At the end of the activity, the students should be able to:
    1. To separate mixture of sand, staple and salt into its pure components.
    2. Learn the basic techniques of paper chromatography.
    3. Separate and identify the different dyes in a mixture and food
    coloring.

    Materials
    3 pieces of 250mL beakers
    Mixtures (from the teacher)
    Tooth picks
    yellow)
    1% NaCl solution

    Glass funnel
    Filter paper
    Food color (red, green, blue,
    Sample bottle

    Chemistry Laboratory Activity 2: Separation Techniques

    Evaporating dish

    Magnet

    Note: You need to bring the following:


    1. Colored pencils or crayons (individual)
    2. Pencil

    PROCEDURE
    Part A.

    Separating a sand-salt-staple mixture

    1. Obtain mixture that you need to separate from your instructor. Make
    sure you indicate the mixture # you got and write it immediately in
    Table 1. Get the mass of the mixture and record in Table 2.
    2. Label the 250-mL beakers with 1 and 2, use marking pen and masking
    tape. Get the initial mass of beakers 1 and 2 and also the evaporating
    dish. Write initial mass in Table 1.
    3. Transfer the mixture into the pre-weighed 250-mL beaker (beaker 1).
    Get the mass and record it. Transfer the mixture into a paper towel and
    separate the staple wires by picking it up with the forceps or by using a
    magnet. Record the mass of the staple wires that were separated in
    Table 2. Set aside.
    4. Transfer back the remaining mixture (sand and salt) into the 250-mL
    beaker (beaker 1) then add 200 ml warm water and stir.
    5. Wait a few minutes until the sand settled into the bottom of beaker 1.
    6. Using the stirring rod as a guide, slowly decant liquid into the preweighed beaker 2.
    7. Use filtration method when it becomes difficult to decant the liquid
    part. Use glass funnel on a ring stand and line it with a filter paper.
    Place beaker 2 under the funnel. Make sure the tip of the funnel is
    touching the side of the beaker.
    8. Pour the remaining mixture into the funnel. Add 8-10 ml warm water
    again to beaker 1 if some of the sand still remains in the beaker.
    Repeat the procedure until no more mixture remains in beaker 1.
    9. Transfer the separated wet sand into a pre-weighed evaporating dish
    (label it with your group no. and schedule e.g. MH 7:30-9:00am) and
    place inside the oven to dry at 105 C. Spread the sand evenly so it
    will dry quickly. Record the mass of the sand when completely dried
    (after 30-40 mins. after). Record in Table 2.
    10.
    Heat beaker 2 (beaker containing the decant salty water) until all
    the water has evaporated leaving the solutes behind.
    11.
    Record the mass of beaker 2 with the solute. Calculate and
    record the mass of the solute. Record in Table 2.
    12.
    Determine the percent by mass of each component of the
    mixture using the formula:
    % by mass = _______Mass of separated mixture_______ x 100
    Chemistry Laboratory Activity 2: Separation Techniques

    Mass of original mixture


    Table 1. Separating Sand-salt-staple mixture.
    Mixture:

    Mass (grams)

    Beaker 1

    Initial:

    Beaker 1+Mixture
    Beaker 2

    Initial:

    Beaker 2 + Salt
    Evaporating Dish (pre-weighed)
    Evaporating + Dry sand

    Initial:

    Table 2.
    Mass (grams)

    % by Mass

    Mixture
    Salt
    Sand
    Staples

    Part B. Paper Chromatography


    1. How to apply the pigments onto the filter paper.

    a. Take a small piece of filter rectangular filter paper measuring


    165x70mm. Important: Touch the filter paper only at the edges
    (oils from your hands can affect the separation). Fit inside a beaker
    in such a way that it completely covers the inside of the beaker.
    Draw two horizontal lines 1.50 cm from the two long sides of the
    filter paper using only a pencil (not a pen). Measure the distance
    between the two lines and record in Table 3.
    b. Using a toothpick, spot the each food color sample (red, blue, green
    and yellow food color) on a designated place in one of the horizontal
    lines (the darker and smaller your spot is, the better results you will
    get). Allow the spot to dry. Spot more on the same place, allowing
    the sample to dry between applications. Label each color using a
    pencil. Set aside.

    Chemistry Laboratory Activity 2: Separation Techniques

    2. Chromatography
    a. Measure a small amount of 1% sodium chloride solution and
    transfer into the beaker.
    b. With the spotted filter paper rolled to a cylinder, slowly place it into
    the beaker, with the spotted side first making sure that it touches
    the solvent uniformly (sodium chloride solution). Remember that
    the spots must not be immersed in the solvent
    c. Make sure that the paper does not touch the sides of the beaker. Let
    the beaker stand undisturbed. Do not pick it up and walk around
    with it because that will cause sloshing.
    d. Allow the sodium chloride solution to rise up the paper bringing
    along with it the components of the food color.
    e. Remove the filter paper once the solvent (sodium chloride solution)
    has risen about three fourths to the top line. Immediately mark the
    height reached by the solvent (this is called the solvent front and
    it is important as point of reference for the results), do not wait for it
    to dry.
    f. Once the filter paper dried, mark out visible spots (pigments) with a
    pencil. Measure the distance traveled by the spots and the distance
    traveled by the solvent front.
    g. Record data in Table 3.

    Chemistry Laboratory Activity 2: Separation Techniques

    h. Draw the chromatogram obtained in the data sheet. Calculate the Rf


    values (retention value).
    Rf

    = _____distance traveled by the solute_______


    distance traveled by the solvent front

    3. Identifying color pigments present in a given mixture

    a. Obtain mixture that you need to separate from the instructor. Make
    sure to indicate the mixture # you got and write it in the data sheet.
    b.
    Repeat steps a to h for the given mixture (see 2.
    Chromatography).
    c.
    Take note of the travel speed of the different colors.
    b. Identify which pigments are present in the color mixture using the
    obtained chromatogram and calculated R values.

    RESULTS : Paper Chromatography


    Table 3. Distance traveled by the solvent font
    _______________________

    Food
    Color
    Red

    Colors observed in
    Chromatogram

    Rf

    Value

    Blue
    Yellow
    Green
    Mixture

    Important: Use only pencil and colored pencil or


    crayons for the drawings.

    Chemistry Laboratory Activity 2: Separation Techniques

    Chromatograms of Food Colors


    of Mixture

    Chromatograms

    Questions: Write only on the space provided.


    (Paragraph form)
    1. Rank the food colors based on their Rf value. Which color traveled
    the longest distance. Name at least 2 properties of the color that
    affected the Rf value.
    ________________________________________________________________________
    ________________________________________________________________________
    ________________________________________________________________________
    ________________________________________________________________________
    ________________________________________________________________________
    ________________________________________________________________________
    _______________________________________________________________

    2. In the chromatography of a Mixture. Why does the ink which is


    originally black separate into different colors? Why do the colors
    traveled in different speeds?
    ________________________________________________________________________
    ________________________________________________________________________
    ________________________________________________________________________
    Chemistry Laboratory Activity 2: Separation Techniques

    ________________________________________________________________________
    ________________________________________________________________________
    ________________________________________________________________________
    _______________________________________________________________

    Chemistry Laboratory Activity 2: Separation Techniques

    You might also like