Technical Seminar For Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping System 98/98XT
Technical Seminar For Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping System 98/98XT
Technical Seminar For Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping System 98/98XT
System 98/98XT
TECHNICAL SEMINAR
Course Description
This four hour presentation is designed for health care professionals with previous IABP
experience. The program begins with a brief review of the theory of intra-aortic balloon pumping
and a discussion of the percutaneous IAB. The technical aspects of the Datascope IABP will then
be discussed in detail highlighting troubleshooting in the clinical setting. A limited skills
workshop using the Abbreviated Operator s Guide and Performance Checklist will be provided.
Behavioral Objectives
At the conclusion of this program, the participants will be able to:
1. Define the two physiological effects achieved by the mechanics of inflation and deflation of
the IAB as it relates to the cardiac cycle illustrated by an augmented arterial pressure waveform.
2. Identify four indications and three contraindications for IABP therapy.
3. Identify the major complications associated with IABP therapy.
4. Discuss the operation and troubleshooting of the Datascope IABP utilizing the Abbreviated
Operator s Guide and Performance Checklist.
Course Schedule
8:00-8:10
Introduction/Program Review
8:10-9:10
Theory of IABP
A. Effects
B. Indications
C. Contraindications
D. Side Effects/Complications
9:10-9:30
9:30-10:00
Break
10:00-11:00
11:00-11:50
Troubleshooting
Hands-on Skills Workshop
11:50-12:00
Evaluation
I.
Theory of IABP
A. Counterpulsation
1. Balloon Structure and Position
2. Increased Coronary Perfusion
a. Inflation
b. Augmentation of Diastolic Pressure
3. Decreased Left Ventricular Workload
a. Deflation
b. Afterload Reduction
4. Physiological Pressure Wave Changes
a. Dicrotic Notch
b. Diastole: Augmentation
c. Decreased End-Diastolic Pressure
d. Systole: Decreased Assisted Systolic Pressure
B.
D.
Indications
1.
2.
Cardiogenic shock
3.
4.
Impending infarction
5.
6.
7.
Cardiac support for high risk general surgical patients and coronary
angiography/angioplasty patients
8.
Septic shock
9.
10.
11.
Contraindications
1.
2.
3.
4.
Please Refer to the Instructions for Use Prior to Insertion of the IAB
Prevention
Treatment Options
1. Limb Ischemia
3. Thrombocytopenia
` DATASCOPE
RECOMMENDS THAT
THE IAB NOT BE LEFT
IMMOBILE IN THE
PATIENT FOR MORE
THAN 30".
` Observation of IAB status
indicator movement.
` Observation of augmentation.
Assessment
Prevention
Treatment Options
5. Balloon leak
6. Infection
` Antibiotics.
7. Aortic Dissection
` Balloon removal.
` Surgical repair.
` Fasciotomy if necessary.
10
11
12
A. Rear Panel
1. Safety Disk/Condensate Removal
System
a. DC Input
b. IAB Fill Port
c. Drain Port
2. Helium Supply
a. Pressure Gauge
b. Manual Fill Port
3. Patient Connections
a. ECG
b. Pressure
c. Monitor Input
d. ECG/Pressure Output
4. Data Communications Outputs
a. RS-232
b. Phone Line
c. Diagnostic Output
5. Power Cord/Mains
a. Auxiliary DC Input
6. System Timer
13
B. Monitor 98/98XT
1. Alarm Messages
2. Advisories
6. Trigger
3. ECG
a. Lead
8. Pressure Display
b. Gain
9. Augmentation Alarm
4. Pressure
a. Source
b. Scale
14
3. Patient Waveforms
a. ECG Gain
a. ECG Lead/Ext.
b. Pressure Threshold
b. Pressure Source
c. Internal Rate
c. Inflation Interval
2. Override
d. Freeze Display
a. Slow Gas
b. IAB Fill Mode
c. Timing
Auto/Manual System 98
Auto
Manual
15
16
System 98 Keypad
2. IAB Frequency
a. ECG
3. IAB Augmentation
b. Pressure
4. IAB Fill
c. Internal
5. Assist/Standby
d. Pacer V/AV
6. IAB Inflation
e. Pacer A
7. IAB Deflation
17
E. Recorder
1. ECG
2. Pressure
3. Balloon Pressure Waveform
18
F. System Battery
1. Charge Status
2. Portable Operation
G. Doppler Storage
19
The inflation marker shows the period of inflation. Vertical timing marks located below the
arterial waveform are also available to aid with initial timing.
A unique automatic timing algorithm allows effective balloon pumping even during atrial
fibrillation. Press the Inflation Interval key to observe the period of inflation while pumping.
Vertical markers located below the arterial waveform and the highlighted portion indicates the
period of balloon inflation.
20
21
VI. Troubleshooting
A. Alarm Messages
1. Trigger Alarms
a. No Trigger
b. No Pressure Trigger
c. No Pressure Trigger - Zero Transducer
d. Trigger Interference
e. Check Pacer Timing
2. Catheter Alarms
a. Leak in IAB Circuit
b. Rapid Gas Loss
c. IAB Disconnected
d. Check IAB Catheter
e. Blood Detected
f. Autofill Failure - No Helium
g. Autofill Failure
h. Autofill Required
3. Pneumatic Alarms
a. High Drive Pressure
b. Low Vacuum
4. System Surveillance Alarms
a. Electrical Test Fails Code # ________________
b. System Failure
c. Safety Disk Test Fails
22
B.
Advisory
1. Alert Messages
a. Augmentation Below Limit Set
b. Irregular Trigger
c. Heart Rate Low
d. Low Helium
e. Low Battery
f. Low Battery (EXT)
g. ECG Detected
h. Prolonged Time in Standby
i.
j.
2. Status Messages
a. System Trainer
b. System Test OK
c. Autofilling
c. R-Wave Deflate
e. Auto R-Wave Deflate (System 98XT only)
f. Leak Testing Safety Disk
g. Slow Gas Loss Override On
h. Gas Loss and Catheter Alarms Disabled
i.
Battery in Use
j.
23
3. Prompt Messages
a. IAB Not Filled
b. Unplug Disk Outlet
c. Plug Disk Outlet
d. Manual Fill IAB
C. Patient Conditions
1. Atrial Fibrillation
2. Ectopics
3. Cardiac Arrest
4. Cardioversion/Defibrillation
24
25
I.
TIMING
TIMIN G ERRORS
1. Early Inflation
Inflation of the IAB prior to aortic valve closure
Waveform Characteristics:
` Inflation of IAB prior to dicrotic notch
` Diastolic augmentation encroaches onto
systole (may be unable to distinguish)
Physiologic Effects:
` Potential premature closure of aortic valve
` Potential increase in LVEDV and LVEDP or PCWP
` Increased left ventricular wall stress or afterload
` Aortic Regurgitation
` Increased MVO2 demand
2. Late Inflation
Inflation of the IAB markedly after closure
of the aortic valve
Waveform Characteristics:
` Inflation of the IAB after the dicrotic notch
` Absence of sharp V
` Sub-optimal diastolic augmentation
Physiologic Effects:
` Sub-optimal coronary artery perfusion
26
3.
Early Deflation
Premature deflation of the IAB
during the diastolic phase
Waveform Characteristics
` Deflation of IAB is seen as a sharp
drop following diastolic augmentation
` Sub-optimal diastolic augmentation
` Assisted aortic end diastolic pressure
may be equal to or less than the
unassisted aortic end diastolic pressure
` Assisted systolic pressure may rise
Physiologic Effects:
` Sub-optimal coronary perfusion
` Potential for retrograde coronary and
carotid blood flow
` Angina may occur as a result of retrograde
coronary blood flow
` Sub-optimal afterload reduction
` Increased MVO2 demand
4. Late Deflation
Waveform Characteristics:
` Assisted aortic end-diastolic pressure may
be equal to the unassisted aortic end
diastolic pressure
` Rate of rise of assisted systole is prolonged
` Diastolic augmentation may appear widened
Physiologic Effects:
` Afterload reduction is essentially absent
` Increased MVO2 consumption due to the
left ventricle ejecting against a greater
resistance and a prolonged isovolumetric
contraction phase
` IAB may impede left ventricular
ejection and increase the afterload
27
J.
28
1. Heart Rate
Bradycardia
Increased duration of
plateau due to longer
diastolic phase
Tachycardia
Decreased duration of
plateau due to shortened
diastolic phase.
2. Rhythm
Varying R-R intervals
result in irregular plateau
durations.
3. Blood Pressure
Hypertension
Increased height or
amplitude of the
waveform.
Hypotension Decreased
height or
amplitude of the
waveform.
29
4. Gas Loss
Leak in the closed system
causing the balloon pressure
waveform to fall below
zero baseline. This may be
due to a loose connection,
a leak in the IAB catheter, H2O condensation
in the external tubing, or a patient who is
tachycardiac and febrile which causes increased
gas diffusion through the IAB membrane.
5. Catheter Kink
Rounded balloon pressure
waveform, loss of plateau
resulting from a kink or
obstruction of shuttle gas.
This may be caused by a
kink in the catheter tubing,
improper IAB catheter position, sheath not
being pulled back to allow inflation of the IAB,
the IAB is too large for the aorta, the IAB is not
fully unwrapped, or H2O condensation in the
external tubing.
6. Sustained Inflation
Theoretical possibility if the
IAB remains inflated longer
than 2 seconds. System 90
Series intra-aortic balloon
pump will activate the
System Failure alarm and
deflate the IAB.
30
VII.
Hands-on Time
B. Performance Checklist
31
Date:
Score:
For the following: indicate 1 for Satisfactory, 2 for Repeat Performance Necessary.
System Trainer
Initial Set Up
Establish Power, verify Mains power switch On & IABP
On/Off switch ON
Establish Gas Pressure
Establish ECG and Pressure
Zero Transducer
Confirm Initial Control Settings
a. IABP controls
b. Auxiliary controls
c. Override controls
Initial Timing
Identify and Adjust Inflate Point
Identify and Adjust Deflate Point
Preload Balloon
a. Attach IAB to appropriate connector
b. Attach connector to safety disk/condensate
removal module
c. Initiate autofill cycle
Fill the IAB Catheter and Initiate Pumping
a. Press Assist/Standby - observe for the
message
Autofilling
32
Clinical
Instructor
Initials
TROUBLESHOOTING
For the following sections indicate 1 for SATISFACTORY OR 2 FOR REPEAT
PERFORMANCE NECESSARY:
NECESSARY
SCORE:
A. TRIGGER - DEMONSTRATES ABILITY TO IDENTIFY VARIABLE
TRIGGER SELECTION CRITERIA AND APPROPRIATE USE OF EACH
TRIGGER
WHICH TRIGGER IS THE MOST APPROPRIATE FOR:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Atrial Fibrillation
Demand Ventricular Pacemaker, Rate 60
AV sequential pacemaker, demand mode
Unobtainable ECG signal, regular rhythm, BP 100/50
Cardiac arrest with good chest compressions
Sinus Tachycardia
Sinus Rhythm with frequent PVC'S
Fixed rate AV sequential pacemaker
Atrial pacemaker - 100% paced
33
Early inflation
Late inflation
Early deflation
Late deflation
F. MISCELLANEOUS
a.
PORTABLE OPERATION:
1. Initiates and terminates portable operation
2. Identifies location of battery charge light
b.
INSTRUCTOR SIGNATURE:
COMMENTS:
34
REFERENCE LIST
Claflin, N.; guest editor, AACN Clinical Issues in Critical Care Nursing - Standards and Quality
Assurance, Vol. 2, No. 1, J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, February 1991
Gould, K.A., Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America, Mechanical Assist For The Failing Heart,
W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 1989
Guyton, A.C., Textbook of Medical Physiology, Seventh Edition; W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia,
1986
Kinney, M.R.; Dear, C.B.; Packa, D.R.; Voorman, D.N., AACN's Clinical Reference For Critical Care
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Millar, S.; Sampson, L.K.; Soukup, M., AACN Procedure Manual for Critical Care, W.B. Saunders
Company, Philadelphia, 1985
Quaal, S.J., Comprehensive Intra-aortic Balloon Pumping, CV Mosby Company, St.Louis, 2nd Edition
1993
Quaal, S.J.; guest editor, AACN Clinical Issues in Critical Care Nursing - Cardiac Assist Devices, Vol 2,
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Underhill, S.l.; Wood, S.L.; Sivarajan, E.S.; Halpenny, C.J., Cardiac Nursing, Second Edition; J.B.
Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1989
Vazquez, M.; Engman Lazear, S.; Larson, E.L., Critical Care Nursing, Second Edition, W.B. Saunders
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Vender, J.S.; guest editor, Critical Care Clinics - Intensive Care Monitoring, W.B. Saunders Company,
Philadelphia, 1989
35
BIBLIOGRAPHY
THEORY
Joseph, D.; Bates, S., Intra-aortic Balloon Pumping - How to Stay on Course, American Journal of Nursing
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Biomaterials Applications 1989 April; 3:527-542
INDICATIONS
Anwar, A.; Mooney, M.R.; Stertzer, S.H., Intra-Aortic Balloon Counterpulsation Support for Elective
Coronary Angioplasty in the Setting of Poor Left Ventricular Function: A Two Center Experience, The
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Bolooki, Hooshang, Emergency Cardiac Procedures in Patients in Cardiogenic Shock Due to
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Califf, R.M.; Ohman, E.M., Reocclusion After Thrombolytic Therapy and Percutaneous Transluminal
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Dietl, C.A.; Berkheimer, M.D.; Woods, E.L.; Gilbert, C.L.; Pharr, W.F.; Benoit, C.H., Efficacy and CostEffectiveness of Preoperative IABP in Patients with Ejection Fraction of 0.25 or Less, Annals of Thoracic
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Emmerman, C.L.; Pinchak, A.C.; Hagen, J.F., Hemodynamic Effects of the Intra-aortic Balloon Pump
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Emery, R.W.; Eales, F.; Joyce, L.D., Mechanical Circulatory Assistance After Heart Transplantation, Annals
of Thoracic Surgery 1991; 51:43-7
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36
George, Barry S., Thrombolysis and Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping Following Acute Myocardial Infarction
- Experience in Four TAMI Studies, Cardiac Assists, 1988 October; 4(3)
Georgen, R.F.; Dietrick, J.A.; Pifarre, R., Placement of Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump Allows Definitive Biliary
Surgery In Patients with Severe Cardiac Disease, Surgery 1989 September; 106(4):808-814
Goodwin, M.; Hartman, J.; McKeever, L.; et al, Safety of Intra-aortic Balloon Counterpulsation in Patients
with Acute Myocardial Infarction Receiving Streptokinase Intravenously, The American Journal of
Cardiology 1989; 64:937-938
Grotz, R.L.; Yeston, N.S., Intra-Aortic Balloon Counterpulsation in High-Risk Cardiac Patients
Undergoing Non-Cardiac Surgery, Surgery 1989 July; 106(1):1-5
Gunnar, R.M.; Bourdillon, P.D.V.; Dixon, D.W., Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With
Acute Myocardial Infarction, American College of Cardiology 1990 August; 249-292
Gurbel, P.A.; Anderson, R.D; MacCord, C.S.; et al, Arterial Diastolic Pressure Augmentation by
Intra-aortic Balloon Counterpulsation Enhances the Onset of Coronary Artery Reperfusion by
Thrombolytic Therapy, Circulation 1994; 89(1):361-365
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Infarction, American Heart Journal, August 1991, 122(2), pp. 385-389.
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Clinician, Communications Media for Education, Inc., Princeton, NJ 1991 March
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15:1151-5
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Balloon Counterpulsation in Critically Ill Patients, Journal of the American College of Cardiology 1993
February; 21(2):359-368
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Blood Flow, Cardiac Assists, 1992 June, Vol. 6, pp. 1-5
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649-660
Lane, A.S.; Woodward, A.C.; Goldman, M.R., Massive Propranolol Overdose Poorly Responsive to
Pharmacologic Therapy: Use of the Intra-aortic Balloon Pump, Annals of Emergency Medicine 1987
December; 16(12):1381-1383
Lazar, Harold L,.MD; et al, Role of Percutaneous Bypass in Reducing Infarct Size After Revascularization
for Acute Coronary Insufficiency, Circulation 1991; 84 [suppl III]: III-416-III-421
37
Mangano, D.T.; Browner, W.S.; Hollenberg, M., Association of Perioperative Myocardial Ischemia With
Cardiac Morbidity and Mortality in Men Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery, The New England Journal of
Medicine 1990 December 27; 323(26):1781-8
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Journal of Surgery 1981 November; 24(6):643-645
Ohman, E.M.; George, B.S.; White, C.J.; et al, Use of Aortic Counterpulsation to Improve Sustained
Coronary Artery Patency During Acute Myocardial Infarction. Results of a Randomized Trial,
Circulation 1994 August; 90(2):792-799
Ohman, E.M.; Califf, R.M.; George, B.S., et al, The Use of Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping as an Adjunct
to Reperfusion Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction, American Heart Journal 1991 March; 121(3)
Schreiber, T.L. MD; et al, Management of myocardial infarction shock: Current status, American Heart
Journal 1989 February, 117(2):435-443
Siu, S.C.; et al, Intra-Aortic Counterpulsation Support in the High-risk Cardiac Patient Undergoing Urgent
Noncardiac Surgery, Chest, June 1991, 99(6), pp. 1342-1345
Stomel, R.J.; Rasak, M.; Bates E.R., Treatment Strategies for Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by
Cardiogenic Shock in a Community Hospital, Chest 1994; 105(4):997-1002
COMPLICATIONS
Barnett, M.G.; Swartz, M.T.; Peterson, G.J.; et al, Vascular Complications from Intraaortic Balloons: Risk
Analysis, Journal of Vascular Surgery 1994 January; 19(1):81-89
Brodell, G.K.; Tuzcu, E.M.; Weiss, S.J., Intra-aortic Balloon Pump Rupture and Entrapment, Cleveland
Clinic Journal of Medicine 1989 October; 56(7):740-742
Eltchaninoff, H.; Dimas, A.P.; Whitlow, P.L., Complications Associated with Percutaneous Placement and
Use of Intraaortic Balloon Counterpulsation, American Journal of Cardiology 1993 February; 71:328-332
Funk, M.; Gleason, J.; Foell, D., Lower Limb Ischemia Related to Use of the Intra-aortic Balloon Pump,
Heart and Lung 1989; 18:542-552
Goran, S.F., Vascular Complications of the Patient Undergoing Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping, Critical
Care Nursing Clinics of North America, September 1989, 1(3): 459-467
Gottlieb, S.O.; Brinker, J.A.; Borken, A.M., et al, Identification of Patients at High Risk for Complications
of Intra-aortic Balloon Counterpulsation: A Multivariate Risk Factor Analysis, American Journal of
Cardiology 1984; 53:1135-1139
Kantrowitz, A.; Wasfie, T.; et al, Intra-aortic Balloon Pumping 1967 through 1982:
Complications in 733 Patients, American Journal of Cardiology 1986; 57:976-983
Analysis of
Kvilekval, Kara H.V., MD; et al, Complications of Percutaneous Intra-aortic Balloon Pump Use in Patients
With Peripheral Vascular Disease, Archives of Surgery, May 1991, Vol. 126, 621-623.
38
Lazar, H.L., MD; et al, Outcome and Complications of Prolonged Intraaortic Balloon Counterpulsation
in Cardiac Patients, American Journal of Cardiology April 1992, Vol 69 955-958
Schecter, D.; Murali, S.; Uretsky, B.F., Vascular Entrapment of Intra-aortic Balloon After Short Term
Balloon Counterpulsation, Catheterization and Cardiovascular Diagnosis 1991; 22:174-176
Stahl, K.D.; et al, Intra-aortic Balloon Rupture, Trans AM Soc Artif Intern Organs, 1988, Vol. XXXIV,
496-499
INSERTION
Gorton, M.E.; Soltanzadeh, H., Easy Removal of Surgically Placed Intra-aortic Balloon Pump Catheter,
Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1991; 51:325-6
Heebler, Robert F., Simplified Technique for Open Placement and Removal of Intra-aortic Balloon,
Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1989; 48:134-6
Nash, I.S., MD; et al, A New Technique for Sheathless Percutaneous Intra-aortic Balloon Catheter
Insertion, Archives of Surgery, May 1991, Vol. 126, 57-60
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Alternate Method, Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1992; 53:162
Shahian, D.M.; Jewell, E.R., Intra-aortic Balloon Pump Placement through Dacron Aortofemoral Grafts,
Journal of Vascular Surgery 1988 June; 7:795-7
PEDIATRICS
Anella, J.; McCloskey, A.; Vieweg, C., Nursing Dynamics of Pediatric Intra-aortic Balloon Pumping,
Critical Care Nurse 1990 April; 10(4):24-28
del Nido, P.J.; et al, Successful Use of Intra-aortic Balloon Pumping in a 2-kilogram Infant, Annals of
Thoracic Surgery 1988 November; 46:574-576
Dunn, Jeffrey M., The Use of Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping in Pediatric Patients, Cardiac Assists 1989
June; 5(1)
Nawa, Sugato MD; et al, Efficacy of Intra-aortic Balloon Pumping for Failing Fontan Circulation Chest
1988 March; 93/3: 599-603
Veasy, L.G.; Blalock, R.C.; Orth, J., Intra-aortic Balloon Pumping in Infants and Children, Circulation
1983; 68(5):1095-1100
Webster, H.; Veasy, L.G., Intra-aortic Balloon Pumping in Children, Heart and Lung 1985; 14(6)
TRANSPORT
Bellinger, R.L.; Califf, R.M.; Mark, D.B., Helicopter Transport of Patients During Acute Myocardial
Infarction, American Journal of Cardiology 1988 April; 61:718-722
39
Gottlieb, S.O.; Chew, P.H.; Chandra, N., Portable Intra-aortic Balloon Counterpulsation: Clinical
Experience and Guidelines for Use, Catheterization and Cardiovascular Diagnosis 1986; 12:18-22
Kramer, R.P., Jr., Helicopter-Transported Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping: Advanced Technology Made
Airborne, Cardiac Assists 1988 June; 4(2)
Mertlich, G.; Quaal, S.J., Air Transport of the Patient Requiring Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping, Critical
Care Nursing Clinics of North America, September 1989, 1(3); 443-458
NURSING CARE
Bavin, T.K.; Self, M.A., Weaning From Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump Support, American Journal of Nursing,
October 1991, 54-59
Patacky, M.G.; Garvin, B.J.; Schwirian, P.M., Intra-aortic Balloon Pumping and Stress in the Coronary
Care Unit, Heart and Lung 1985 March; 14(2)
Quaal, S.J., Guest Ed., Critical Care Clinics of North America, Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders December
1996; 8(4)
Shoulders, Odom, Managing the Challenge of IABP Therapy, Critical Care Nurse 1991 February;
11(2):60-76
Weinberg, L.A.; Buying Time with an Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump, Nursing 1988 September; 44-49
40
Speakers Presentation
a. Theory of IABP
b. Technical aspects of Datascope IABP
c.
Audiovisual Materials
41
2
Fair
3
Good
4
Very
Good
5
Excellent
Datascope Corp.
Cardiac Assist Division
15 Law Drive
Fairfield, NJ 07004
Tel. 1-973-244-6100
P/N 0002-08-0295
Datascope Corp. 1998