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    Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels

    Uploaded by

    Mitch Speeder
    Rule 12 outlines collision avoidance rules for sailing vessels. It states that if two sailing vessels have the wind on different sides, the vessel with the wind on the port side must keep out of the way of the other. If both vessels have the wind on the same side, the windward vessel must keep out of the way of the leeward vessel. If a port tack vessel is uncertain of another vessel's tack, it must keep clear. The windward side is opposite the mainsail and the leeward vessel is downwind of the windward vessel.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels

    Uploaded by

    Mitch Speeder
    455 views34 pages
    Rule 12 outlines collision avoidance rules for sailing vessels. It states that if two sailing vessels have the wind on different sides, the vessel with the wind on the port side must keep out of the way of the other. If both vessels have the wind on the same side, the windward vessel must keep out of the way of the leeward vessel. If a port tack vessel is uncertain of another vessel's tack, it must keep clear. The windward side is opposite the mainsail and the leeward vessel is downwind of the windward vessel.

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    Rule 12 outlines collision avoidance rules for sailing vessels. It states that if two sailing vessels have the wind on different sides, the vessel with the wind on the port side must keep out of the way of the other. If both vessels have the wind on the same side, the windward vessel must keep out of the way of the leeward vessel. If a port tack vessel is uncertain of another vessel's tack, it must keep clear. The windward side is opposite the mainsail and the leeward vessel is downwind of the windward vessel.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    455 views34 pages

    Rule 12 - Sailing Vessels

    Uploaded by

    Mitch Speeder
    Rule 12 outlines collision avoidance rules for sailing vessels. It states that if two sailing vessels have the wind on different sides, the vessel with the wind on the port side must keep out of the way of the other. If both vessels have the wind on the same side, the windward vessel must keep out of the way of the leeward vessel. If a port tack vessel is uncertain of another vessel's tack, it must keep clear. The windward side is opposite the mainsail and the leeward vessel is downwind of the windward vessel.

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    Rule 12 - Sailing vessels

    (a) When two sailing vessels are approaching one another, so as to involve risk
    of collision, one of them shall keep out of the way of the other as follows:
    (i) when each has the wind on a different side, the vessel which has the
    wind on the port side shall keep out of the way of the other;
    (ii) when both have the wind on the same side, the vessel which is to
    windward shall keep out of the way of the vessel which is to leeward;
    (iii) if a vessel with the wind on the port side sees a vessel to windward and
    cannot determine with certainty whether the other vessel has the wind
    on the port or on the starboard side, she shall keep out of the way of the
    other.
    (b) For the purpose of this Rule the windward side shall be deemed to be the
    side opposite to that on which the mainsail is carried or, in the case of a
    square-rigged vessel, the side opposite to that on which the largest foreand-aft sail is carried.

    Rule 12 - Sailing vessels


    Tall ships

    tallships.org

    Rule 12 - Sailing vessels


    Sailing yachts

    3
    mellowdolphin.com

    Rule 12 - Sailing vessels


    Sailing yachts

    mellowdolphin.com

    Rule 12 - Sailing vessels


    General
    Factors to consider if risk of collision exists:
    The point of sailing (the tack)
    The windward and leeward side
    The windward and leeward vessel

    Rule 12 - Sailing vessels


    Point of sailing
    Side on which a vessel catches the wind

    cruise-charter.net

    Rule 12 - Sailing vessels


    Main points of sailing
    Port tack: the wind is on the port side and the sails are over the starboard
    side

    Starboard tack: the wind is on the starboard side and the sails are over
    the port side

    Rule 12 - Sailing vessels


    Port tack

    bluecruiseyachtcharters.com

    Rule 12 - Sailing vessels


    Starboard tack

    cyrg.com

    Rule 12 - Sailing vessels


    Main points of sailing
    A sailing vessel can be on port tack and sail:
    clause hauled
    clause reaching
    beam reaching
    broad reaching
    running
    The same applies to starboard tack

    10

    Rule 12 - Sailing vessels


    Close hauled

    freespace.virgin.ne

    11

    Rule 12 - Sailing vessels


    Close reaching

    macgregor26.com

    12

    Rule 12 - Sailing vessels


    Close reaching

    morebutter.com

    13

    Rule 12 - Sailing vessels


    Beam reaching

    sailing.about.com

    14

    Rule 12 - Sailing vessels


    Broad reaching

    sailing.about.com

    15

    Rule 12 - Sailing vessels


    Running

    macgregor26.com

    16

    Rule 12 - Sailing vessels


    Main types of rigging
    General

    freepages genealogy

    17

    Rule 12 - Sailing vessels


    Main types of rigging
    General

    freepages genealogy

    18

    Rule 12 - Sailing vessels


    Main types of rigging
    Main sail and jib

    boatnorth.com

    19

    Rule 12 - Sailing vessels


    Main types of rigging
    Main sail and genoa

    boatnorth.com

    20

    Rule 12 - Sailing vessels


    Main types of rigging
    Mizen

    cheoylee41.com

    21

    Rule 12 - Sailing vessels


    Main types of rigging
    Spinnaker sailing

    spinnaker-sailing 01

    22

    Rule 12 - Sailing vessels


    Windward and leeward side of vessel
    Windward side: the side exposed to the wind
    Leeward side: side opposite to the side exposed to the wind

    Windward side

    Leeward side

    23

    The windward side is also defined as the side opposite to the main sail side

    Rule 12 - Sailing vessels


    Windward and leeward vessel

    Windward vessel

    Leeward vessel

    24

    Rule 12 - Sailing vessels


    The port and starboard tack rule

    Rule 12 (a) (i)

    25

    Rule 12 - Sailing vessels


    The port and starboard tack rule

    Rule 12 (a) (i)

    Both vessels have the wind on a different side


    Vessel A, which has the wind on her port side (the port tack vessel)
    must keep out of the way of vessel B (the starboard tack vessel)
    Vessel A can alter course to starboard or to port, dependent on the wind direction
    Vessel A shall take early and substantial action. Vessel B keeps her course and
    speed
    If vessel A passes on the port side of vessel B she shall pass at a rather large
    distance not to fall without wind when abeam of B
    Rule 14, Head-on situation does not apply to sailing ships

    26

    Rule 12 - Sailing vessels


    The port and starboard tack rule

    Rule 12 (a) (i)

    27

    Rule 12 - Sailing vessels


    The windward and leeward rule

    Rule 12 (a) (ii)

    Both vessels have the wind on the


    same side (Both are port tack vessels)
    Vessel A is the windward vessel and
    must take avoiding action if there is risk
    of collision
    A

    Vessel A must take early and substantial


    action
    Vessel A shall avoid crossing vessel Bs
    course and also avoid to cut her wind

    28

    Rule 12 - Sailing vessels


    The windward and leeward rule

    Rule 12 (a) (ii)

    29

    Rule 12 - Sailing vessels


    The port tack rule for doubtful cases

    Rule 12 (a) (iii)

    Vessel A has the wind on the


    port side and sees vessel B to
    windward.
    Vessel A cannot see with
    certainty whether vessel B has
    the wind on the port or on the
    starboard side.
    Vessel A shall, according to Rule
    12 (a) (iii), keep out of the way
    of vessel B

    30

    Rule 12 - Sailing vessels


    Sailing vessels overtaking

    Rule 13 (a)

    In accordance with Rule 13, any vessel overtaking another vessel


    must keep clear of the other vessel.
    Hence, a sailing vessel overtaking another sailing vessel must keep
    clear of the other sailing vessel.

    Rule 13 overrides Rule 12

    A
    Although both vessels are on port tack, vessel A is faster than vessel B and thus
    overtaking vessel B. Besides, vessel A is in the overtaking sector of vessel B

    Conclusion: vessel A must keep clear of vessel B

    31

    Rule 12 - Sailing vessels


    Summary
    n

    Windward side according to par. 12(b)


    Side opposite to mainsail OR
    For square-rigged vessel: side opposite to largest
    fore-and-aft sail

    Windward vessel
    Vessel from which the wind is blowing

    Leeward vessel
    Vessel toward which the wind is blowing
    32

    Rule 12 - Sailing vessels


    Summary
    n Port

    and starboard tack rule

    The port tack vessel keeps out of the way of


    the starboard tack vessel
    n Windward

    and leeward rule

    The vessel to windward shall keep out of the


    way of the vessel which is to leeward
    n Port

    tack rule in case of doubt

    The port tack vessel shall keep out of the way

    33

    Rule 12 - Sailing vessels


    Additional literature
    More details can be found in the following textbook:
    International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at
    Sea by Capt. Pierre Deseck, Master mariner, M.Sc., FNI
    The textbook can be bought online at the following address:
    http://maritimeknowhow.com. Just click on books for details

    34

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