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    CNS Pathology Stroke

    Uploaded by

    Kamran Khan Khalil
    This document provides an overview of stroke, including: 1) Stroke, also known as a cerebrovascular accident, is a neurological deficit caused by poor blood flow to the brain that results in death of brain cells. 2) There are two main types of stroke: ischemic, which accounts for 87% of cases and is caused by reduced blood flow due to thrombosis, embolism, or atherosclerosis, and hemorrhagic, which is caused by bleeding within the brain. 3) Symptoms of stroke can include hemiplegia, muscle weakness, numbness, altered sensation, and unilateral symptoms depending on which area of the brain is affected.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    CNS Pathology Stroke

    Uploaded by

    Kamran Khan Khalil
    72 views11 pages
    This document provides an overview of stroke, including: 1) Stroke, also known as a cerebrovascular accident, is a neurological deficit caused by poor blood flow to the brain that results in death of brain cells. 2) There are two main types of stroke: ischemic, which accounts for 87% of cases and is caused by reduced blood flow due to thrombosis, embolism, or atherosclerosis, and hemorrhagic, which is caused by bleeding within the brain. 3) Symptoms of stroke can include hemiplegia, muscle weakness, numbness, altered sensation, and unilateral symptoms depending on which area of the brain is affected.

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    CNS Pathology Stroke

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    This document provides an overview of stroke, including: 1) Stroke, also known as a cerebrovascular accident, is a neurological deficit caused by poor blood flow to the brain that results in death of brain cells. 2) There are two main types of stroke: ischemic, which accounts for 87% of cases and is caused by reduced blood flow due to thrombosis, embolism, or atherosclerosis, and hemorrhagic, which is caused by bleeding within the brain. 3) Symptoms of stroke can include hemiplegia, muscle weakness, numbness, altered sensation, and unilateral symptoms depending on which area of the brain is affected.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as ODP, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as odp, pdf, or txt
    72 views11 pages

    CNS Pathology Stroke

    Uploaded by

    Kamran Khan Khalil
    This document provides an overview of stroke, including: 1) Stroke, also known as a cerebrovascular accident, is a neurological deficit caused by poor blood flow to the brain that results in death of brain cells. 2) There are two main types of stroke: ischemic, which accounts for 87% of cases and is caused by reduced blood flow due to thrombosis, embolism, or atherosclerosis, and hemorrhagic, which is caused by bleeding within the brain. 3) Symptoms of stroke can include hemiplegia, muscle weakness, numbness, altered sensation, and unilateral symptoms depending on which area of the brain is affected.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as ODP, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as odp, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    CNS pathology for the

    physiotherapists

    STROKE
    Dr Yasar Yousafzai
    Assistant Professor Haematology
    Khyber Medical University

    STROKE

    Also known as cerebrovascular accident


    Neurological deficit of cerebral causes that
    persists beyond 24 hours or is interrupted by
    death within 24 hours
    Transient ischemic attack
    When poor blood flow results in death of brain
    cells
    In what conditions would there be poor blood
    flow?

    Stroke

    What will cause a stroke?

    What would death of CNS tissue lead to?

    Think how ischemia will effect brain function?

    Stroke
    When the blood stops flowing....

    Ischemic stroke

    Haemarrhagic stroke

    Ischemic stroke

    87% stroke cases are due to ischemia

    Ischemic stroke may ultimately become


    haemorrhagic

    Caused by thrombosis, embolism, shock,


    atherosclerosis

    Ischemic stroke

    Small infarcts may go without clinical symptoms

    Total anterior circulation infarct

    Partial anterior circulation infarct

    Lacunar infarct

    Posterior circulation infarct

    Etiologically

    Atherosclerosis of large artery


    Embolism originating in the heart

    Complete blockage of a small artery

    Undetermined cause

    Haemorrhagic stroke

    Intracranial haemorrhage is defined as


    accumulation of blood within the cranial cavity
    Main types

    Epidural haematoma

    Subdural haematoma

    Subarachnoid haemorrhage

    Cerebral haemorrhage

    Symptoms and signs

    Typically start suddenly


    Hemiplagia and muscle weakness

    Numbness

    Reduction in sensations and vibration

    Flacidity followed by spasticity

    Usually unilateral. Why?

    Altered smell, taste, vision

    Facial muscle paralysis

    Decreased reflexes

    Stroke signs and symptoms

    If the cerebral cortex is involved, CNS


    pathways may be affected leading to:

    Aphasia difficulty with verbal expression

    Dysarthria motor speech disorders

    Apraxia involuntary movements

    Visual field defects

    Memory deficit

    hemineglect

    Stroke diagnosis

    History and clinical examination

    CT scan

    MRI

    Doppler ultrasound

    Diagnosis of the underlying cause

    Stroke management

    Treatment is according to the cause

    Thrombolytic therapy

    Surgery thrombodectomy

    Nursing and supplementary care

    Stroke unit

    Management of the predisposing cause

    Stroke management

    Stroke rehabilitation

    A process by which stroke patients are rehabilitated


    to help them return to normal life as much as
    possible

    A rehabilitation team is usually multidisciplinary as


    it involves staff with different skills working together
    to help the patient

    Interdisciplinary team consisting of

    Doctors, nurses, physical therapists, speech


    therapists, occupational therapists

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