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    X X X X F X X X X X X X F: Ap Calculus Ab Winter Term Quiz Four Name Comments/Solutions

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    The function f(x) = x^4 + x^3 - 3x^2 + 2 has inflection points at x = -1 and x = 1/2. The function f(x) = 3x^5 - 5x^3 increases for x < -1 and x > 1, decreases for -1 < x < 1, and has local maxima at x = -1 and local minima at x = 1. It has additional inflection points at the zeros of the second derivative, namely x = ±1/√2. The function f(x) = x^2 - 12x + 31 has a local minimum at the point (6, -5

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    X X X X F X X X X X X X F: Ap Calculus Ab Winter Term Quiz Four Name Comments/Solutions

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    teachopensource
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    The function f(x) = x^4 + x^3 - 3x^2 + 2 has inflection points at x = -1 and x = 1/2. The function f(x) = 3x^5 - 5x^3 increases for x < -1 and x > 1, decreases for -1 < x < 1, and has local maxima at x = -1 and local minima at x = 1. It has additional inflection points at the zeros of the second derivative, namely x = ±1/√2. The function f(x) = x^2 - 12x + 31 has a local minimum at the point (6, -5

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    www.ilearnmath.net ap calculus 2005-2006

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    answers_ap_calculus_four_winter_06

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    The function f(x) = x^4 + x^3 - 3x^2 + 2 has inflection points at x = -1 and x = 1/2. The function f(x) = 3x^5 - 5x^3 increases for x < -1 and x > 1, decreases for -1 < x < 1, and has local maxima at x = -1 and local minima at x = 1. It has additional inflection points at the zeros of the second derivative, namely x = ±1/√2. The function f(x) = x^2 - 12x + 31 has a local minimum at the point (6, -5

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf
    128 views6 pages

    X X X X F X X X X X X X F: Ap Calculus Ab Winter Term Quiz Four Name Comments/Solutions

    Uploaded by

    teachopensource
    The function f(x) = x^4 + x^3 - 3x^2 + 2 has inflection points at x = -1 and x = 1/2. The function f(x) = 3x^5 - 5x^3 increases for x < -1 and x > 1, decreases for -1 < x < 1, and has local maxima at x = -1 and local minima at x = 1. It has additional inflection points at the zeros of the second derivative, namely x = ±1/√2. The function f(x) = x^2 - 12x + 31 has a local minimum at the point (6, -5

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    AP CALCULUS AB WINTER TERM Score

    QUIZ FOUR NAME COMMENTS/SOLUTIONS ____ /50

    Please show work and justify your answers for full credit! Please present your work
    neatly.

    1) Find the inflection points of f ( x) x 4 x 3 3 x 2 2. (5 points)


    f ' ( x) 4 x 3 3 x 2 6 x x(4 x 2 3 x 6)
    f ' ' ( x) 12 x 2 6 x 6 6(2 x 2 x 1) 6(2 x 1)( x 1)

    x 6(2 x 1) ( x 1) f ' ' ( x)


    x 1 - - +
    1 x 12 - + -
    x 12 + + +

    x f’
    (x) f’
    ’(x)
    x  1  Positive positive
    x  1 Positive negative
    x  12
     negative negative

    x 1 Negative Positive
    2

    The first derivative test suggests that f(x) has no local extreme values at x
    -1 and ½ since the sign of f’(x) does not change. The second derivative
    changes sign at -1 and ½, indicating a change in concavity. Since f(x) is
    continuous at these points we conclude that -1 and ½ are the inflection
    points of f(x).

    2) Sketch the graph of f ( x) 3 x 5 5 x 3 with the aid of a graphing


    calculator. Use calculus to discuss the behavior of f(x) with respect to:
    location of the critical points, intervals where the function is
    increasing/decreasing, and concavity. (10 points)

    f ' ( x) 15 x 4 15 x 2 15 x 2 ( x 2 1) 15 x 2 ( x 1)( x 1)


    f ' ' ( x) 60 x 3 30 x 30 x(2 x 2 1) 30 x( 2 x 1)( 2 x 1)
    Three critical numbers: - 1,0,1. .
    2
    Second derivative zeros: 2
    ,0, 2 2 .
    Construct tables and run both tests to determine -1 and 1 as local
    extremes (the only two points where the first derivative changes sign).
    The second derivative is negative at -1 and positive at 1, thus -1 and 1
    are local max and min, respectively. The second derivative test is
    inconclusive at x=0 because f’ (x)=f’
    ’(x)=0. 0 is an inflection point
    because f’ ’
    (x) changes sign while f’(x) is negative on both sides. Examine
    the second derivative at the other two zeros of f’ ’
    (x) to determine two
    additional inflection points. One may also comment on the end
    behavior of f(x): what happens to f(x) as x approaches positive infinity?
    Negative infinity?
    3) Find values of a and b so that the function f ( x) x 2 ax b has a local
    minimum at point (6, -5). (5 points)

    Note that f(x) does have a local minimum because the leading
    coefficient is positive!

    f '( x ) 2 x a 0
    We set f’ (x) equal to zero to find the critical point because the
    ‘undefined’ case is impossible. Because a second degree polynomial is
    differentiable and continuous everywhere, we must have f’ (x)=0 at its
    local extreme.
    f '( x) 2(6) a 0
    a 12
    Now we find b:
    5 f (6) 6 2 12 
    6 b
    b 31
    2
    So that: f ( x) x 12 x 31

    4) Sketch the graph of f(x) given that:

    f ' (2) 0; f ' ( x) 0 when x 2 ; f ' ( x) 0 when x 2

    f ' ' (4) 0; f ' ' ( x) 0 when x 4 ; f ' ' ( x) 0 when x 4 (5 points)
    Assuming f(x) is continuous; the first condition suggests that 2 is a local
    minimum. The second derivative changes sign at 4 whereas the first
    does not; this makes 4 an inflection point and the graph of f(x) is
    concave up for x less than 4 and concave down for x greater than 4.

    5) Let f be a function with f(x) > 0 for all x. Set g 1f


    a) If f is increasing in an interval around x 0 , what about g?
    b) If f has a local maximum at x1 , what about g?
    c) If f is concave down at x 2 , what about g? [5 points]
    a)
    Why is g’ (x) negative in the given interval?
    It follows that g is decreasing on that interval.
    gf 1
    g ' f gf ' 1
    gf ' f '
    g'  2 0
    f f
    b) f’changes sign from positive to negative; from the result in part a)
    we have that g’ changes sign from negative to positive, hence it has
    a local min at x1.
    c)
    f 1g
    f ' gg2 '
    [ g ' g 2 ]' g '( 2) g 3 g 'g '' g 2 2( g ') 2 g 3 g '' g 2
    f '' 
    2( g ')2 g '' 2( g ')2 g '' g
    f ''  3  2  0
    g g g3
    2( g ') 2 g '' g 0
    g '' g 2( g ') 2
    g '' g 2( g ') 2
    2( g ') 2
    g ''  0
    g
    g '' 0
    g concave .
    6) For what values of a and b does the function
    f ( x) x 3 ax 2 bx 2 have a local maximum at x = -3 and a local
    minimum at x = -1? [10 points]
    f '( x) 3x 2 2ax b
    f '( 3) 3( 3) 2 2a(3) b 0
    f '( 1) 3( 1) 2 2a( 1) b 0
    27 6a b 0 27 6a b 0 18 2b 0
      
    3 2a b 0 9 6a 3b 0 3 2a b 0
    18 2b b 9 b 9
      1 
    2a b 3 a 2 (b 3) a 6
    We still need to verify that f’
    (x) changes from positive to negative at -3
    and from negative to positive at -1.
    f '( x) 3 x 2 12 x 9 3( x 2 4 x 3) 3( x 3)( x 1)
    x 3  f '( x) 0
    3 x 1  f '( x) 0
    1 x  f '( x) 0, as wanted .

    7) Sketch the graph of a function that satisfies all of the given conditions:
    f (0) f ' (0) f ' (2) f ' (4) f ' (6) 0,
    f ' ( x) 0 if 0 x 2 or 4 x 6,
    f ' ( x) 0 if 2 x 4 or x 6,
    [10 points]
    f ' ' ( x) 0 when 0 x 1 or 3 x 5,
    f ' ' ( x) 0 if 1 x 3 or x 5,
    f ( x) is an even function .

    Start at the origin:


    -increasing and concave up between 0 and 1.
    -1 is an inflection point.
    -increasing and concave down between 1 and 2.
    -2 is a local max.
    -decreasing and concave down between 2 and 3.
    -3 is an inflection point.
    -decreasing and concave up between 3 and 4.
    -4 is a local min.
    -increasing and concave up between 4 and 5.
    -5 is an inflection point.
    -increasing and concave down between 5 and 6.
    -6 is a local max.
    -decreasing and concave down for x values greater than 6.

    Since f(x) is even, we can reflect over the y-axis to obtain the other half of
    the graph.

    Bonus Question [2 points: No partial credit]

    Suppose f and g are both concave upward on (, ). Under what
    condition(s) will the composite function f o g be concave upward?

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