Arab Evangelical Episcopal Church Council

(ASG & BSA) Calculus-

11 IBSL Differentiation
Name Worksheet-6 Mar 2017

P1

Basic Tangents & Normals

1. Let f(x) = kx4. The point P(1, k) lies on the curve of f. At P, the normal to the curve is parallel to y
1
=  x . Find the value of k.
8
(Total 6 marks)

2. Let f(x) = x . Line L is the normal to the graph of f at the point (4, 2).

(a) Show that the equation of L is y = –4x + 18.

(4)

(b) Point A is the x-intercept of L. Find the

x-coordinate of A.
(2)

3. Let g(x) = x3 – 3x2 – 9x + 5.

(a) Find the two values of x at which the tangent to the graph of g is horizontal.
(8)

(b) For each of these values, determine whether it is a maximum or a minimum.

(6)
(Total 14 marks)

4. Consider the function f (x) = 4x3 + 2x. Find the equation of the normal to the curve of f at the point
where x =1.
(Total 6 marks)

5. Consider the function ƒ : x  3x2 – 5x + k.

(a) Write down ƒ′ (x).

The equation of the tangent to the graph of ƒ at x = p is y = 7x – 9. Find the value of

(b) p;

(c) k.
(Total 6 marks)

1
6. Let f (x) = x3 – 2x2 – 1.

(a) Find f (x).

(b) Find the gradient of the curve of f (x) at the point (2, –1).

7. Given the function f (x) = x2 – 3bx + (c + 2), determine the values of b and c such that f (1) = 0 and
f (3) = 0.

8. Let f (x) = 6 3 x 2 . Find f (x).

9. Find the coordinates of the point on the graph of y = x2 – x at which the tangent is parallel to the
line y = 5x.

(Total 4 marks)

10. (a) Find the equation of the normal to the curve with equation

y = x3 + 1 at the point (1, 2). (4)

(b) Let f(x) = x3 – 4x + 1.

(i) Expand (x + h)3.

(2)

f ( x  h)  f ( x )
(ii) Use the formula f′(x) = lim to show that the derivative of f(x) is 3x2 – 4.
h 0 h
(4)

2
Maxima, minima and inflection points

11. A function f is defined for –4 ≤ x ≤ 3. The graph of f is given below.

The graph has a local maximum when x = 0, and local minima when x = –3, x = 2.

(a) Write down the x-intercepts of the graph of the derivative function, f′.
(2)

(b) Write down all values of x for which f′(x) is positive.

(2)

(c) At point D on the graph of f, the x-coordinate is –0.5. Explain why f′′(x) < 0 at D.
(2)
(Total 6 marks)

3
12. On the axes below, sketch a curve y = f (x) which satisfies the following conditions.

x f (x) f ′ (x) f ′′ (x)

−2  x  0 negative positive

0 –1 0 positive

0  x 1 positive positive

1 2 positive 0

1x2 positive negative

(Total 6 marks)

4
13. The following diagram shows part of the curve of a function ƒ. The points A, B, C, D and E lie on
the curve, where B is a minimum point and D is a maximum point.

(a) Complete the following table, noting whether ƒ′(x) is positive, negative or zero at the given
points.

A B E

f ′ (x)

(b) Complete the following table, noting whether ƒ′′(x) is positive, negative or zero at the given
points.

A C E

ƒ′′ (x)
(Total 6 marks)

5
14. The graph of a function g is given in the diagram below.

The gradient of the curve has its maximum value at point B and its minimum value at point D. The
tangent is horizontal at points C and E.

(a) Complete the table below, by stating whether the first derivative g′ is positive or negative,
and whether the second derivative g′′ is positive or negative.

Interval g′ g′′

axb

exƒ

(b) Complete the table below by noting the points on the graph described by the following
conditions.

Conditions Point

g′ (x) = 0, g′′ (x)  0

g′ (x)  0, g′′ (x) = 0

(Total 6 marks)

6
15. The following diagram shows the graph of a function f.

Consider the following diagrams.

Complete the table below, noting which one of the diagrams above represents the graph of

(a) f ′(x);

(b) f ′′(x).

Graph Diagram

(a) f ′ (x)

(b) f " (x)

(Total 6 marks)

7
16. The diagram shows the graph of y = f (x).
y

0 x

On the grid below sketch the graph of y = f (x).

y

0 x

(Total 6 marks)

8
17. Figure 1 shows the graphs of the functions f1, f2, f3, f4.

Figure 2 includes the graphs of the derivatives of the functions shown in Figure 1, eg the
derivative of f1 is shown in diagram (d).

Figure 1 Figure 2

y y

f1 (a)
O x
x
O

y y

f2 (b)

x O x
O

y y

f3 (c)

x O x
O

y y
f4 (d)
O
x O x

y
(e)

O x

Complete the table below by matching each function with its derivative.

Function Derivative diagram

f1 (d)
f2
f3
f4

9
18. Let y = g (x) be a function of x for 1  x  7. The graph of g has an inflexion point at P, and a
minimum point at M.

Partial sketches of the curves of g and g are shown below.

g’(x) g’ ’ (x)
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x
–1 –1
–2 –2
–3 –3
–4 –4
–5 –5
–6 –6
y = g ’ ( x) y = g’’ (x)

Use the above information to answer the following.

(a) Write down the x-coordinate of P, and justify your answer.

(2)

(b) Write down the x-coordinate of M, and justify your answer.

(2)

(c) Given that g (4) = 0, sketch the graph of g. On the sketch, mark the points P and M.
(4)
(Total 8 marks)

10
19. The diagram below shows part of the graph of the function

f : x  – x3  2 x 2  15x .

40
Q
35
30
25
20
15
10
5 B
A
–3 –2 –1 –5 1 2 3 4 5 x

–10
–15
P
–20

The graph intercepts the x-axis at A(–3, 0), B(5, 0) and the origin, O. There is a minimum point at
P and a maximum point at Q.

(a) The function may also be written in the form f : x  – x( x – a) ( x – b),

where a < b. Write down the value of
(i) a;
(ii) b.
(2)

(b) Find
(i) f (x);
(ii) the exact values of x at which f '(x) = 0;
(iii) the value of the function at Q.
(7)

(c) (i) Find the equation of the tangent to the graph of f at O.

(ii) This tangent cuts the graph of f at another point. Give the x-coordinate of this point.
(4)

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Chain, product and quotient rules

ln x
20. Let g(x) = , for x > 0.
x2

1  2 ln x
(a) Use the quotient rule to show that g ( x)  .
x3
(4)

(b) The graph of g has a maximum point at A. Find the x-coordinate of A.

(3)
(Total 7 marks)

21. A function f has its first derivative given by f′(x) = (x – 3)3.

(a) Find the second derivative.

(2)

(b) Find f′(3) and f′′(3).

(1)

(c) The point P on the graph of f has x-coordinate 3. Explain why P is not a point of inflexion.
(2)
(Total 5 marks)

22. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y = e2x at the point where x = 1.
Give your answer in terms of e2.
(Total 6 marks)

23. The diagram below shows the graph of ƒ (x) = x2 e–x for 0  x  6. There are points of inflexion at
A and C and there is a maximum at B.

(a) Using the product rule for differentiation, find ƒ′ (x).

(b) Find the exact value of the y-coordinate of B.

(c) The second derivative of ƒ is ƒ′′ (x) = (x2 – 4x + 2) e–x. Use this result to find the exact
value of the x-coordinate of C.
(Total 6 marks)

12
24. The population p of bacteria at time t is given by p = 100e0.05t.

Calculate

(a) the value of p when t = 0;

(b) the rate of increase of the population when t = 10.

(Total 6 marks)
25. Differentiate with respect to x:

(a) (x2 + l)2.

(b) 1n(3x – 1).

(Total 4 marks)

(c) Let f(x) = x3 – 4x + 1.

(i) The tangent to the curve of f at the point P(1, –2) is parallel to the tangent at a point Q. Find
the coordinates of Q.
(4)

(ii) The graph of f is decreasing for p < x < q. Find the value of p and of q.
(3)

(iii) Write down the range of values for the gradient of f.

(2)

13
 20
26. Let f(x) = 3 + , for x ≠ ±2. The graph of f is given below.
x 4
2

diagram not to scale

The y-intercept is at the point A.

(a) (i) Find the coordinates of A.

(ii) Show that f′(x) = 0 at A.
(7)

40(3x 2  4)
(b) The second derivative f′′(x) = . Use this to
( x 2  4) 3
(i) justify that the graph of f has a local maximum at A;
(ii) explain why the graph of f does not have a point of inflexion.
(6)

(c) Describe the behaviour of the graph of f for large │x│.

(1)

(d) Write down the range of f.

(2)

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 P2

1. The number of bacteria, n, in a dish, after t minutes is given by n = 800e013t.

(a) Find the value of n when t = 0.

(2)

(b) Find the rate at which n is increasing when t = 15.

(2)

(c) After k minutes, the rate of increase in n is greater than 10 000 bacteria per minute. Find the
least value of k, where k  .
(4)
(Total 8 marks)

2. Consider the curve y = ln(3x – 1). Let P be the point on the curve where x = 2.

(a) Write down the gradient of the curve at P.

(2)

(b) The normal to the curve at P cuts the x-axis at R. Find the coordinates of R.
(5)
(Total 7 marks)

3. Let f (x) = 3x – ex–2 – 4, for –1  x  5. y

3
(a) Find the x-intercepts of the graph of f.
(3) 2

(b) On the grid below, sketch the graph of f. 1

(3)
x
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
(c) Write down the gradient of the graph of f at x = 2. –1
(1)
(Total 7 marks) –2
–3
–4
–5
–6
–7
–8
–9
–10

15
 The following diagram shows the graph of f(x) = e  x .
2
4.

The points A, B, C, D and E lie on the graph of f. Two of these are points of inflexion.

(a) Identify the two points of inflexion.

(2)

(b) (i) Find f′(x).

Show that f″(x) = (4x2 – 2) e  x .

2
(ii)
(5)

(c) Find the x-coordinate of each point of inflexion.

(4)

(d) Use the second derivative to show that one of these points is a point of inflexion.
(4)
(Total 15 marks)

16
5. Let f(x) = Aekx + 3. Part of the graph of f is shown below.

The y-intercept is at (0, 13).

(a) Show that A =10.

(2)

(b) Given that f(15) = 3.49 (correct to 3 significant figures), find the value of k.
(3)

(c) (i) Using your value of k, find f′(x).

(ii) Hence, explain why f is a decreasing function.

(iii) Write down the equation of the horizontal asymptote of the graph f.
(5)

17
6. Consider f(x) = x ln(4 – x2), for –2 < x < 2. The graph of f is given below.

(a) Let P and Q be points on the curve of f where the tangent to the graph of f is parallel to the
x-axis.

(i) Find the x-coordinate of P and of Q.

(ii) Consider f(x) = k. Write down all values of k for which there are exactly two
solutions.
(5)

Let g(x) = x3 ln(4 – x2), for –2 < x < 2.

 2x 4
(b) Show that g′(x) =  3x 2 ln(4  x 2 ) .
4  x2
(4)

(c) Sketch the graph of g′.

(2)

(d) Consider g′(x) = w. Write down all values of w for which there are exactly two solutions.
(3)
(Total 14 marks)

18
7. Let f (x) = ex (1 – x2).

(a) Show that f ′ (x) = ex (1 – 2x – x2).

(3)

Part of the graph of y = f (x), for – 6  x  2, is shown below. The x-coordinates of the local
minimum and maximum points are r and s respectively.

(b) Write down the equation of the horizontal asymptote.

(1)

(c) Write down the value of r and of s.

(4)

(d) Let L be the normal to the curve of f at P(0, 1). Show that L has equation x + y = 1.
(4)

19
 3x
8. Let f (x) = p  , where p, q +
.
x  q2
2

Part of the graph of f, including the asymptotes, is shown below.

(a) The equations of the asymptotes are x =1, x = −1, y = 2. Write down the value of

(i) p;

(ii) q.
(2)

(c) (i) Show that f ′ (x) =


3 x 2 1 .
x 2

1
2

(ii) Hence, show that there are no maximum or minimum points on the graph of f.
(8)

20
9. The function f is defined as f (x) = (2x +1) e−x, 0  x  3. The point P(0, 1) lies on the graph of f
(x), and there is a maximum point at Q.

(a) Sketch the graph of y = f (x), labelling the points P and Q.

(3)

(b) (i) Show that f ′ (x) = (1− 2x) e−x.

(ii) Find the exact coordinates of Q.

(7)

(c) The equation f (x) = k, where k  , has two solutions. Write down the range of values of
k.
(2)

(d) Given that f (x) = e−x (−3 + 2x), show that the curve of f has only one point of inflexion.
(2)

21
10. The diagram below shows the graphs of f (x) = 1 + e2x, g (x) = 10x + 2, 0  x  1.5.
y
f

16 g

12

p
8

x
0.5 1 1.5

(a) (i) Write down an expression for the vertical distance p between the graphs of f and g.

(ii) Given that p has a maximum value for 0  x  1.5, find the value of x at which this
occurs.
(6)

22
 x–2
11. Consider the function h : x  , x  1.
( x – 1) 2

A sketch of part of the graph of h is given below.

A
y

Not to scale

The line (AB) is a vertical asymptote. The point P is a point of inflexion.

(a) Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote.

(1)

(b) Find h′(x), writing your answer in the form

a–x
( x – 1) n

where a and n are constants to be determined.

(4)

2x – 8
(c) Given that h  ( x)  , calculate the coordinates of P.
( x – 1) 4
(3)
(Total 8 marks)

23
 2
12. Let f (x) = 3x .
5x  1

(a) Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote of y = f (x).

(1)

Find f ′ (x). Give your answer in the form ax  bx2 where a and b 
2
(b) .
(5 x  1)
(4)
(Total 5 marks)

1
13. (a) Consider the function f (x) = 2 + . The diagram below is a sketch of part of the graph
x 1
of y = f (x).
y
5

4
Copy and complete the sketch of f (x).
(2) 3

2
(b) (i) Write down the x-intercepts and y-intercepts of f (x). 1

–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 x
(ii) Write down the equations of the asymptotes of f (x).
–1
(4)
–2

(c) (i) Find f  (x). –3

–4
(ii) There are no maximum or minimum points on the –5
graph of f (x).
Use your expression for f  (x) to explain why.
(3)

24
 1
14. Let f (x) = .
1 x2

(a) Write down the equation of the horizontal asymptote of the graph of f.
(1)

(b) Find f (x).

(3)

6x 2  2
(c) The second derivative is given by f (x) = .
(1  x 2 ) 3

Let A be the point on the curve of f where the gradient of the tangent is a maximum. Find
the x-coordinate of A.
(4)

25
15. Consider the function f (x) = 1 + e–2x.

(a) (i) Find f (x).

(ii) Explain briefly how this shows that f (x) is a decreasing function for all values of x (ie
that f (x) always decreases in value as x increases).
(2)

1
Let P be the point on the graph of f where x = – .
2

(b) Find an expression in terms of e for

(i) the y-coordinate of P;

(ii) the gradient of the tangent to the curve at P.

(2)

(c) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve at P, giving your answer in the form y = ax + b.
(3)

(d) (i) Sketch the curve of f for –1  x  2.

1
(ii) Draw the tangent at x = – .
2

26
 2 x 2 – 13x  20
16. Consider the function f given by f (x) = , x  1.
( x – 1) 2
A part of the graph of f is given below.

0 x

The graph has a vertical asymptote and a horizontal asymptote, as shown.

(a) Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote.

(1)

(b) f (100) = 1.91 f (–100) = 2.09 f (1000) = 1.99

(i) Evaluate f (–1000).

(ii) Write down the equation of the horizontal asymptote.

(2)

9 x – 27
(c) Show that f (x) = , x  1.
x – 13
(3)

72 – 18x
The second derivative is given by f (x) = , x  1.
( x – 1) 4

(d) Using values of f (x) and f (x) explain why a minimum must occur at x = 3.
(2)

(e) There is a point of inflexion on the graph of f. Write down the coordinates of this point.
(2)
(Total 10 marks)

27
17. Consider functions of the form y = e–kx

dy
(c) (i) Find in terms of k, where y = e–kx.
dx

The point P(1, 0.8) lies on the graph of the function y = e–kx.

(ii) Find the value of k in this case.

(iii) Find the gradient of the tangent to the curve at P.

(5)

28
 2
18. Let the function f be defined by f (x) = , x  –1.
1  x3

(a) (i) Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote of the graph of f .

(ii) Write down the equation of the horizontal asymptote of the graph of f .

(iii) Sketch the graph of f in the domain –3  x  3.

(4)

– 6x 2
(b) (i) Using the fact that f (x) = , show that the second derivative
(1  x 3 ) 2

f (x) =
 
12x 2 x 3 – 1
.
(1  x 3 ) 3

(ii) Find the x-coordinates of the points of inflexion of the graph of f .

(6)

29
 1n 2 x
19. The function f is given by f ( x)  , x  0.
x

1 – 1n 2 x
(a) (i) Show that f  ( x)  .
x2

Hence

(ii) prove that the graph of f can have only one local maximum or minimum point;

(iii) find the coordinates of the maximum point on the graph of f.

(6)

21n 2 x – 3
(b) By showing that the second derivative f  ( x)  or otherwise,
x3
find the coordinates of the point of inflexion on the graph of f.
(6)

30
 3x – 2
20. Consider the function y  .
2x – 5

The graph of this function has a vertical and a horizontal asymptote.

(a) Write down the equation of

(i) the vertical asymptote;

(ii) the horizontal asymptote.

(2)

dx
(b) Find , simplifying the answer as much as possible.
dy
(3)

(c) How many points of inflexion does the graph of this function have?
(1)
(Total 6 marks)

31
 2x
21. The function f is given by f ( x ) 1 –
1 x 2

(a) (i) To display the graph of y = f (x) for –10  x  10, a suitable interval for y, a  y  b
must be chosen. Suggest appropriate values for a and b .

(ii) Give the equation of the asymptote of the graph.

(3)

2x 2 – 2
(b) Show that f  ( x)  .
(1  x 2 ) 2
(4)

(c) Use your answer to part (b) to find the coordinates of the maximum point of the graph.
(3)

32
22. The function f is given by

f (x) = 2 x  1 , x  , x  3.
x3

(a) (i) Show that y = 2 is an asymptote of the graph of y = f (x).

(2)

(ii) Find the vertical asymptote of the graph.

(1)

(iii) Write down the coordinates of the point P at which the asymptotes intersect.
(1)

(b) Find the points of intersection of the graph and the axes.
(4)

(c) Hence sketch the graph of y = f (x), showing the asymptotes by dotted lines.
(4)

(d) Show that f (x) = 7 and hence find the equation of the tangent at
( x  3) 2
the point S where x = 4.
(6)

(e) The tangent at the point T on the graph is parallel to the tangent at S.

Find the coordinates of T.

(5)

(f) Show that P is the midpoint of [ST].

(l)
(Total 24 marks)

33
23. A curve has equation y = x(x – 4)2.

(a) For this curve find

(i) the x-intercepts;

(ii) the coordinates of the maximum point;

(iii) the coordinates of the point of inflexion.

(9)

(b) Use your answers to part (a) to sketch a graph of the curve for 0  x  4, clearly indicating
the features you have found in part (a).
(3)

34
Optimization

24. A farmer wishes to enclose a rectangular field using an existing fence for one of the four sides.

Existing fence

(a) The farmer has enough materials for 2500 metres of new fence. Show that the area A(x) of the
field in terms of x is given by
A(x) = 2500x – 2x2

(b) Using calculus find the value of the maximum area of the field.

(Total 10 marks)

35
25. A rectangular piece of card measures 24 cm by 9 cm. Equal squares of length x cm are cut from
each corner of the card as shown in the diagram below. What is left is then folded to make an
open box, of length l cm and width w cm.

x 24 cm
x

9 cm

(a) Write expressions, in terms of x, for

(i) the length, l;
(ii) the width, w.

(b) Show that the volume (B m3) of the box is given by B = 4x3 – 66x2 + 216x.

(c) Using calculus find the maximum volume of the box.

(Total 8 marks)

36
26. A closed rectangular box has a height y cm and width x cm. Its length is twice its width. It has a
fixed outer surface area of 300 cm2.

y cm

x cm
2x cm

(a) Show that 4x2 + 6xy = 300.

4 3
(c) Hence show that the volume V of the box is given by V =100x  x .
3

(e) Using calculus find the maximum volume of the box.

(Total 13 marks)

37
27. A dog food manufacturer has to cut production costs. She wishes to use as little aluminium as
possible in the construction of cylindrical cans. In the following diagram, h represents the height
of the can in cm, and x represents the radius of the base of the can in cm.

diagram not to scale

The volume of the dog food cans is 600 cm3.

Using calculus find the minimum total surface area of a closed can.

(Total 14 marks)

38
28. A farmer wishes to create a rectangular enclosure, ABCD, of area 525 m2, as shown below.

The fencing used for side AB costs $11 per metre. The fencing for the other three sides costs $3
per metre. The farmer creates an enclosure so that the cost is a minimum.
Find this minimum cost.
(Total 7 marks)

39