Project On Witricity

A
SEMINAR
REPORT
ON
WITRICITY
SUBMITTED BY:BRISHTI DUTTA

POW/13/EL/008
6TH SEMESTER
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERNG
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. ORIGINATION
3. WORKING PRINCIPLE
4. COMPONENTS OF WITRICITY
5. HOW DOES WIRELESS POWER WORKS?
6. APPLICANCES
7. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
8. FUTURE OF WITRICITY
9. CONCLUSION
10.BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
Wireless electricity or witricity is the transfer of electric
energy or power over a distance without the use of
wires. In our present electricity generation system we
waste more than half of its resources. Especially the
transmission and distribution losses are the main
concern of the present power technology. Much of this
power is wasted during transmission from power plant
generators to the consumer. The resistance of the wire
used in the electrical grid distribution system causes a
loss of 26-30% of the energy generated. This loss
implies that our present system of electrical distribution
is only 70-74% efficient. We have to think of alternate
state - of - art technology to transmit and distribute the
electricity. Now- a- days global scenario has been
changed a lot and there are tremendous development in
every field. The transmission of power without wires
may be one noble alternative for electricity
transmission.
ORIGINATION
Wireless power transmission is not a new idea. Nickolas
Tesla-one of the great pioneers of electromagnetism never
thought that people would actually drag wires around the
entire globe to use electricity. He had always dreamt of
transferring electrical energy wirelessly to distant places. He
demonstrated transmission of electrical energy without wires
in early 19th century. This would have eliminated the cost of
cables that had to be laid throughout the area for transmission
of electricity and had many other advantages too!! Apart from
that wireless power transmission can be easily used to supply
power where wired power transmission was very difficult to
reach, example: hilly regions, remote islands etc. Tesla also
gave a theoretical explanation by how it could be achieved by
using big electromagnetic.
WORKING PRINCIPLE
Wireless power transmission works on the
principle of mutual Induction which is based on
of Faraday's laws Electromagnetic Induction.
Faraday's law states that whenever there is a
change in magnetic flux linkage in a circuit a
voltage is induced in it. And the magnitude of the
induced voltage is directly proportional to the rate
of change of flux linkage.
Mutual Inductance When two circuits are so
placed that a portion of the magnetic flux produced
by one links with the turns of both the circuits,
they are said to be mutually coupled. Mutual
inductance is the property of two circuits when a
voltage is induced in a circuit by a change of
current in the other circuit.
COMPONENTS OF WITRICITY
The two basic components of a wireless power system are
transmitter and receiver.
TRANSMITTER- Transmitter device is connected to a
source of power such as main power lines, which converts the
power to a time-varying electromagnetic field. The input power is
converted to an oscillating electromagnetic field by some type of
Antenna" device. The "antenna" may be a coil of wire which
generates a magnetic field, a metal plate which generates
an electric field, an antenna which radiates radio waves, or
a laser which generates light.
RECEIVER - Receiver are devices which receives the
power and convert it back to DC or AC electric power which is
consumed by an electrical load. The Rectenna is a passive element
consists of antenna, rectifying circuit with a low pass filter
between the antenna and rectifying diode. The world record of the
RF-DC conversion efficiency among developed rectennas is
approximately 90% at 4W input of 2.45 GHz microwave. Other
rectennas in the world have approximately 70 90 % at 2.45GHz
or 5.8GHz microwave input.
HOW DOES WIRELESS POWER WORKS?

The basic of wireless power involves the transmission of
energy from a transmitter to a receiver via an oscillating
magnetic field.
To achieve this, Direct currrent (DC) supplied by a power
source into high frequency alternating current (AC) by
specially designed electronics built in the transmitter.
The alternaing current energizes a copper wire coil in the
transmitter which generates a magnetic field. Once the
receiver coil is placed within the proximity of the magnetic
field, the field can induce an alternating current in the
receiving coil.
Electronics in the receiving device then converts the
alternating current (AC) back into direct current (DC)
which becomes usable power .
THE DIAGRAM BELOW SIMPLIFIES THIS

PROCESS INTO THREE KEY STEPS :-
APPLICATIONS
There are no limitations in Witricity power
applications. Some of the potential applications
are powering of cell phones, laptops and other
devices that normally run with the help of
batteries or plugging in wires. Witricity
applications are expected to work on the
gadgets that are in close proximity to a source
of wireless 'power, where in the gadgets charges
automatically without necessarily, having to get
plugged in. By the use of witricity there is no
need of batteries or remembering to recharge
batteries periodically. If a source is placed in
each room to provide power supply to the whole
house. Witricity has many medical applications.
It is used for providing electric power in many
commercially available medical implantable
devices. Another application of this technology
includes transmission of information.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES:1. No need of line of sight - In witricity power
transmission there is any; need of line of sight
between transmitter and receiver. That is power!
Transmission can be possible if there are any
obstructions like wood, metal, or other devices
were placed in between the transmitter and
receiver.
2. No need of power cables and batteries Witricity replaces the use of power cables and
batteries.
3. Wastage of power is small - Electromagnetic
waves would tunnel, they would not propagate
through air to be absorbed or dissipated. So the
wastage is small.
4. Less costly - The components of transmitter and
receivers are cheaper. So this system is less
costly.
5. It is omnidirectional - The electrical energy
generated can be transmitted in all the desired
directions.
6. More environmentally friendly - It eliminates
mess of cords, reduces toxic battery waste,
reduces use of plastics ,rubber and metals.
DISADVANTAGES:1. Size - The copper rings which create resonance

and energy are simply too big for them to be
part of any wireless energy package.
2. Range The range of wireless power transfer is
a major hurdle, so currently this technology is
limited to small home appliances.
3. Cost and supplying the public - The cost of
developing and implementing wireless energy
networks means that it would be too expensive
for the end-user to afford at this point.
4. Still under production and improvement.
FUTURE OF WITRICITY
Modern science has now made it possible to use electricity
without having to plug in any wires. This concept is called
witricity which seems to have a bright future in providing
wireless electricity.
Nickolas Tesla proposed theories of wireless power
transmission in early 19th century. Tesla's work was
impressive, but it did not immediately lead to wide spread
practical methods for wireless power transmission. Since
then many researchers have developed several techniques
for moving electricity over long distances without wires. In
2006 researchers discovered an efficient way to transfer
power between coils separated by a few meters. Witricity
is based upon coupled resonant objects. Two resonant
objects of the same resonant frequency tend to exchange
energy efficiently, while not interchanging the
surroundings. The researchers demonstrate the ability to
transfer 60W with approximately 40% efficiency over
distance in excess of 2 meters. Currently the project is
looking for power transmission in the range of 100watts.
As witricity is in the development stage, lot of work is to
be done in improving the range of power transmission and
efficiency.
A HOUSE WITHOUT WIRES
CONCLUSION
Wireless transmission of energy is a
technique that holds a strong potential. It
promises to change the face of the
technologies in transmission of power. Its
applications can be huge. In future there
are possibilities that power can be
transferred over large distances without
affecting the environment. An important
issue being use of batteries can be reduced;
replacement and recharging of batteries
would not be required. Use of wireless
technology also saves on the resources spent
on wire. Laying a wireless network would
be much simpler than struggling with wire
in difficult terrains. The technology
technique in future also promises to be eco
friendly in comparison to todays
technologies.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.WiTricity.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Nikola_Tesla
http://www.academia.edu/18
07442/A_SEMINAR_REPORT
_ON_WIRELESS_ELECTRIC
ITY_WiTricity_
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SUBMITTED BY:BRISHTI DUTTA

HOW DOES WIRELESS POWER WORKS?

THE DIAGRAM BELOW SIMPLIFIES THIS

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES:1. Size - The copper rings which create resonance

A HOUSE WITHOUT WIRES

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