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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH IN EMERGING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLUME-2, ISSUE-1, JANUARY-2015

E-ISSN: 2349-7610

A Review on Design and Analysis of Two Wheeler


Chassis
Gaurav Vasantrao Bhunte1 and Dr. Tushar R. Deshmukh2
1

M.E. (CAD/CAM) Pursuing, Mechanical Engineering Department, Professor Ram Meghe Institute of Institute of Technology &
Reasearch Badnera, Amravati, India.
1
gaurav_bhunte@rediffmail.com
2
Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, Professor Ram Meghe Institute of Technology & Reasearch Badnera, Amravati,
India.
2
tushar.d69@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
In this paper an effort is made to review the investigations that have been made on the different analysis techniques of
automobile frames. That analysis may be, static analysis or dynamic analysis. A number of analytical and experimental
techniques are available for the analysis of the automobile frames. Determination of the different analysis around different
conditions in an automobile frames has been reported in literature. An attempt has been made in the article to present an
overview of various techniques developed for the analysis of automobile frames and results of that analysis due to which further
study on the chassis will become easy.
Keywords Fatigue life prediction, Automotive Vehicles, Static Analysis, Dynamic Analysis

1. INTRODUCTION
The motorcycle chassis consists of the frame, suspension,

motorcycles today rely on the superior performance of disc


brake.

wheels and brakes. Each of these components is described


briefly below. Frame Motorcycles have a frame made of steel,

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

aluminum or an alloy. The frame consists mostly of hollow

C. H. Neeraja a C. R. Sireesha and D. Jawaharlal [1] have

tubes and serves as a skeleton on which components like the

modelled a suspension frame used in two-wheeler. Modelling

gearbox and engine are mounted.

is done in Pro/Engineer. They

The frame also serves as a support for the suspension system,

modal analysis on suspension frame using four materials

a collection of springs and shock absorbers that helps keep the

Steel, Aluminium Alloy A360, Magnesium and carbon fiber

wheels in contact with the road and cushions the rider from

reinforced polymer to validate our design.

have done structural and

bumps and jolts. Wheels Motorcycle wheels are generally


aluminum or steel rims with spokes, although some models

By observing the results, for all the materials the stress values

introduced since the 1970s offer cast wheels. Cast wheels

are less than their respective permissible yield stress values.

allow the bikes to use tubeless tires, which, unlike traditional

So the design was safe, by conclusion.

pneumatic tires, don't have an inner tube to hold the

By comparing the results for four materials, stress obtained is

compressed air. The front and rear wheels on a motorcycle

same and displacement is less for carbon fiber reinforced

each have a brake. The rider activates the front brake with a

polymer than other three materials. So for design considered,

hand lever

CFRP is better material for suspension frame.

on the right grip, the rear brake with the right foot pedal.
Drum brakes were common until the 1970s, but most

Cicek Karaoglu and N. Sefa Kuralay [2] did the finite


element analysis of a truck chassis. The analysis showed that

VOLUME-2, ISSUE-1, JANUARY-2015

COPYRIGHT 2015 IJREST, ALL RIGHT RESERVED

42

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH IN EMERGING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLUME-2, ISSUE-1, JANUARY-2015

E-ISSN: 2349-7610

increasing the side member thickness can reduce stresses on

4.5 Ton Truck Chassis, he determined the dynamic

the joint areas, but it is important to realize that the overall

characteristic, of the truck chassis, investigating the mounting

weight of the chassis frame increases. Using local plates only

locations of components on the truck chassis and observing

in the joint area can also increase side member thickness.

the response of the truck chassis under static loading

Therefore, excessive weight of the chassis frame is prevented.

conditions. The local bending vibration occurs at the top hat


cross member where the gearbox is mounted on it.

In November 2008 Mohamad Tarmizi Bin Arbain uses 3D


model for finite element analysis issues regarding the
experimental analysis of car chassis is addressed. The
modeling approach is investigated extensively using both of
computational and compared it to experimental modal
analysis.
A comparison of the modal parameters from both experiment
and simulation shows the validity of the proposed approach.
Then perform the computational stress analysis with linear
material type analysis to find the stress concentration point in
the car chassis.

And hence, the mounting location of the engine and


transmission system is along the symmetrical axis of the
chassiss first torsion mode where the effect of the first mode
is less. However, the mounting of the suspension system on
the truck chassis is slightly away from the nodal point of the
first vertical bending mode. This might due to the
configuration of the static loading on the truck chassis. For
the linear static analysis, the stress distribution and
deformation profile of the truck chassis subjected to two
loading

conditions:

truck

components

loading

and

asymmetrical loading had been determined. Maximum stress

Karaoglu and Kuralay[3] investigated stress analysis of a


truck chassis with riveted joints using FEM. Numerical
results showed that stresses on the side member can be
reduced by increasing the side member thickness locally.
Fermer et al investigated the fatigue life of Volvo S80 Bi-Fuel
using MSC/Fatigue Conle and Chu [4] did research about

occurred at the mounting brackets of the suspension system


while the maximum translation occurred at the location where
the symmetry and asymmetry load is acting. The maximum
stress of the truck chassis is 490 MPa while the maximum
translation is 33.6 mm. These values are acceptable as
compared to the yield strength of the chassis material and the
tolerance allowed for the chassis.

fatigue analysis and the local stress strain approach in

O Kurdi, R Abd- Rahman, M N Tamin [8], works on the,

complex vehicular structures.

Stress Analysis Of Heavy Duty Truck Chassis Using Finite

Structural optimization of automotive components applied to

Element Method, he mainly focus on the important steps in

durability problems has been investigated by Ferreira et al

development of a new truck chassis is the prediction of

Filho Et. al. [5] have investigated and optimized a chassis

fatigue life span and durability loading of the chassis frame.

design for an off road vehicle with the appropriate dynamic

Fatigue study and life prediction on the chassis is necessary in

and structural behavior.

order to verify the safety of this chassis during its operation.


Stress analysis using Finite Element Method (FEM) can be

In July 2011 Kutay Yilmazoban, Yaar Kahraman [6], put

used to locate the critical point which has the highest stress.

some works on the chassis optimization by using the finite

This critical point is one of the factors that may cause the

analysis, his main focus was on the reduced the weight of the

fatigue failure.

chassis for that he used three thickness 4 mm, 5 mm & 6 mm


and after analysis he conclude that the 4 mm thickness is
better because the stress and the displacement in that is better

In June 2012 Haval Kamal Asker1, Thaker Salih Dawood1

than other two thickness.

and Arkan Fawzi [9], put some works on the Stress Analysis
of Standard Truck Chassis during Ramping on Block Using

Teo Han Fui, Roslan Abd. Rahman [7], in December 2007,

Finite Element Method and he focused on the intensity and

works on the Statics and Dynamics, Structural Analysis of a

the strength of the frame play a big role in the truck's design.

VOLUME-2, ISSUE-1, JANUARY-2015

COPYRIGHT 2015 IJREST, ALL RIGHT RESERVED

43

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH IN EMERGING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLUME-2, ISSUE-1, JANUARY-2015

E-ISSN: 2349-7610

A frame of 6 wheels, standard dump truck has been studied


and analyzed using Ansys package software.

Fig. 2.3 Structural analysis of suspension frame using


aluminium alloy a360
Fig: 2.1 Back bone Frame
The static intensity of the frame has been analyzed when
Table 2.1For Alloy Steel:

exposed to pure bending and torsion stress, within two cases.

Results

First case is when the rear wheels zigzag gets over block

Permissable

Displacement

0.297e-3

Vonmises stress

2.383

325

Frequency

Displacement

Mode 01

0.024473

0.922 e-3

Also, vibration modes have been analyzed during the loading

Mode 02

0.025756

.001876

conditions. The more damping ratio Used, the more

Mode 03

0.026079

0.001991

stabilizing of the stresses with respect to time

Mode 04

0.02613

0.925 e-3

Mode 05

0.032796

0.004175

(only one side of the chassis steps the block), and the second
case is when both wheels gets over the block. The results
show important differences between the two case studies,
especially in the torsion and deformations results obtained
from the chassis model.

Table 2.2 For Magnesium alloy:


Results

Fig: 2.2 Pro/Engineer model of suspension frame

VOLUME-2, ISSUE-1, JANUARY-2015

Permissible

Displacement

0.848 e-3

Vonmises stress

5.995

165

Frequency

Displacement

Mode 01

0.04726

0.00167

Mode 02

0.014729

0.00167

Mode 03

0.021785

0.001547

Mode 04

0.021795

0.001547

Mode 05

0.023324

0.002075

COPYRIGHT 2015 IJREST, ALL RIGHT RESERVED

44

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH IN EMERGING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLUME-2, ISSUE-1, JANUARY-2015

Table 2.3 For Aluminum Alloy A360:


Results

analysis of the chassis and differentiation between load


analysis results to predict life of it.

Permissible

Displacement

0.551 e-3

Vonmises stress

2.381

520

Frequency

Displacement

Mode 01

0.023455

0.001676

Mode 02

0.02448

0.001906

Mode 03

0.02958

0.001593

Mode 04

0.02967

0.001768

Mode 05

0.030221

0.00211

So it is necessary to continue further study in the


analysis and evaluation of the chassis to provide the
pathfinder a way.

To predict life of a chassis there is need to have the


results which are based on the load variation and impact
in static as well as in dynamic.

REFERENCES
[1]

CH.Neeraja, C.R.Sireesha and D. Jawaharlal, Structural


Analysis

[2]

0.002413

Vonmises stress

2.658

83

Frequency

Displacement

Mode 01

0.01383

0.001667

Mode 02

0.014074

0.001666

Mode 03

0.014399

0.002029

Mode 04

0.014559

0.002031

Mode 05

0.021519

0.001549

Two

Wheeler

Suspension

Frame,

Technology,Vol.1 Issue 6,August -2012.

Permissible

Displacement

of

International Journal of Engineering Reasearch &

Table 2.4 For Carbon fiber reinforced polymer:


Results

E-ISSN: 2349-7610

Cicek Karaoglu, N. Sefa Kuralay ,Stress analysis of a


truck chassis with riveted joints , Journal of Finite
Elements in Analysis and Design 38 (2002), Elsevier
Science, page no- 11151130.

[3]

Karaoglu, C. and Kuralay, N.S., 2000, Stress Analysis


of a Truck Chassis with Riveted Joints, Elsevier
Science Publishers B.V. Amsterdam, the Netherlands,
Vol. 38, 1115-1130.

[4]

Conle, F.A. and Chu, C.C., 1997, Fatigue Analysis and


the Local Stress-strain Approach in Complex Vehicular
Structures,International Journal of Fatigue.

Here the Von Misses Stress - The Von Misses criteria is a

[5]

Filho, R.R.P., Rezende, J.C.C., Leal, M. de F., Borges,

formula for combining these 3 stresses into an equivalent

J.A.F., 2003. Automotive Frame Optimization 12th

stress, which is then compared to the tensile stress of the

international

material.

[6]

Kutay

Mobility

Yilmazoban,

Yaar

Kahraman,

Sakarya

By using the carbon fiber reinforced polymer we can suitably

University, Mech. Eng. Dept., 54187 Serdivan-Sakarya,

prepare the model. As the material has less density compared

Turkey, July2011

to the another materials used for manufacturing of chassis and

[7]

Teo Han Fui, Roslan Abd. Rahman, Faculty of

frame, this is the best suited for our process of manufacturing,

Mechanical

and can with stand very high loads Using carbon fiber

Malaysia, STATICS and Dynamics Structural Analysis

reinforced polymer frequently in the upcoming days we can

of a 4.5 Ton Truck Chassis December,2007

reduce the cost of manufacturing of frame. Carbon fiber-

[8]

Engineering,

University

Teknologi

O Kurdi, R Abd- Rahman, M N Tamin, Faculty of

reinforced polymers (CFRPs) have an almost infinite service

Mechanical Engineering University Teknologi Malaysia

lifetime when protected from the sun, and, unlike steel alloys,

81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Stress Analysis Of Heavy

have no endurance limit when exposed to cyclic loading.

Duty Truck Chassis Using Finite Element Method


[9]

Haval Kamal Asker1, Thaker Salih Dawood1 And Arkan

CONCLUSIONS

Fawzi, Stress Analysis Of Standard Truck Chassis

In the review most of cases are under study and the

During Ramping On Block Using Finite Element

work carried out do not provide sustainable progress in

Method, JUNE 2012.

3.

VOLUME-2, ISSUE-1, JANUARY-2015

COPYRIGHT 2015 IJREST, ALL RIGHT RESERVED

45

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