1 Phase Induction Motor

Single phase Motor Working Principle and Fundamentals
Stator of Single Phase Induction Motor

The stator of the single phase induction motor has laminated stamping to reduce eddy current
losses on its periphery. The slots are provided on its stamping to carry stator or main winding. In
order to reduce the hysteresis losses, stamping are made up of silicon steel. When the stator
winding is given a single phase ac supply, the magnetic field is produced and the motor rotates at
a speed slightly less than the synchronous speed Ns which is given by
The construction of the stator of asynchronous motor is similar to that of three phase induction
motor except there are two dissimilarity in the winding part of the single phase induction motor.
1. Firstly the single phase induction motors are mostly provided with concentric coils. As
the number of turns per coil can be easily adjusted with the help of concentric coils, the
mmf distribution is almost sinusoidal.
2. Except for shaded pole motor, the asynchronous motor has two stator windings namely
the main winding and the auxiliary winding. These two windings are placed in space
quadrature with respect to each other.
Rotor of Single Phase Induction Motor

The construction of the rotor of the single phase induction motor is similar to the squirrel
cage three phase induction motor. The rotor is cylindrical in shape and has slots all over
its periphery. The slots are not made parallel to each other but are bit skewed as the
skewing prevents magnetic locking of stator and rotor teeth and makes the working of
induction motor more smooth and quieter. The squirrel cage rotor consists of aluminium,
brass or copper bars. These aluminium or copper bars are called rotor conductors and are
placed in the slots on the periphery of the rotor. The rotor conductors are permanently
shorted by the copper or aluminium rings called the end rings. In order to provide
mechanical strength these rotor conductor are braced to the end ring and hence form a
complete closed circuit resembling like a cage and hence got its name as "squirrel cage
induction motor". As the bars are permanently shorted by end rings, the rotor electrical
resistance is very small and it is not possible to add external resistance as the bars are
permanently shorted. The absence of slip ring and brushes make the construction of
single phase induction motor very simple and robust.
Working Principle of Single Phase Induction Motor
NOTE: We know that for the working of any electrical motor whether its ac or dc motor,
we require two fluxes as, the interact of these two fluxes produced the required torque,
which is desired parameter for any motor to rotate. When single phase ac supply is given
to the stator winding of single phase induction motor, the alternating current starts
flowing through the stator or main winding. This alternating current produces an
alternating flux called main flux. This main flux also links with the rotor conductors and
hence cut the rotor conductors. According to the Faradays law of electromagnetic
induction, emf gets induced in the rotor. As the rotor circuit is closed one so, the current
starts flowing in the rotor. This current is called the rotor current. This rotor current
produces its own flux called rotor flux. Since this flux is produced due to induction
principle so, the motor working on this principle got its name as induction motor. Now
there are two fluxes one is main flux and another is called rotor flux. These two fluxes
produce the desired torque which is required by the motor to rotate.
Why Single Phase Induction Motor is not Self Starting?

According to double field revolving theory, any alternating quantity can be resolved into
two components, each component have magnitude equal to the half of the maximum
magnitude of the alternating quantity and both these component rotates in opposite
direction to each other. For example - a flux, can be resolved into two components
Each of these components rotates in opposite direction i. e if one m / 2 is rotating in

clockwise direction then the other m / 2 rotates in anticlockwise direction.
When a single phase ac supply is given to the stator winding of single phase induction
motor, it produces its flux of magnitude, m. According to the double field revolving
theory, this alternating flux, m is divided into two components of magnitude m /2. Each
of these components will rotate in opposite direction, with the synchronous speed, Ns. Let
us call these two components of flux as forward component of flux, f and backward
component of flux, b. The resultant of these two component of flux at any instant of
time, gives the value of instantaneous stator flux at that particular instant.
Now at starting, both the forward and backward components of flux are exactly opposite
to each other. Also both of these components of flux are equal in magnitude. So, they
cancel each other and hence the net torque experienced by the rotor at starting is zero. So,
the single phase induction motors are not self starting motors.

1 Phase Induction Motor

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1 Phase Induction Motor

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Single phase Motor Working Principle and Fundamentals

Stator of Single Phase Induction Motor

Rotor of Single Phase Induction Motor

Working Principle of Single Phase Induction Motor

Why Single Phase Induction Motor is not Self Starting?

Each of these components rotates in opposite direction i. e if one m / 2 is rotating in

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