Problem 505:

A compound dynamo supplies a load of 20 kW at 400 V through a

feeder having a resistance equal to 0.1 ohm. The shunt and series field
resistances are 85 ohms and 0.06 ohm respectively. Determine the
total electromotive force when the generator is connected long shunt.
Assume a brush contact drop of 1 V per brush and an armature
resistance of 0.1 ohm.
A. 418.34 V
B. 412.50 V
C. 415.76 V
D. 421.44 V
Problem 506:
A long shunt compound generator has the following parameters:
Ra=0.1, Rse = 0.05 and Rsh = 120 . This machine supplies power
a aggregate dc load of 10 kW. At this load the armature generates 246
volts. Determine the terminal voltage.
A. 251.55 V
B. 257.86 V
C. 253.82 V
D. 247.33 V
Problem 507:
A compound generator is to be operated, as a flat-compounded
long shunt compound generator. To obtain the same rated voltage at
full load and at no load when operated as a shunt generator, it is
necessary to increase the field current by 0.20 A. The shunt field
winding has 1000 turns per pole, and the series field winding has 4
turns per pole. If the full load armature current of the compound
generator is 95 A and the series field resistance is 0.025 ohm,
calculate the divert resistance required.
A. 0.068
B. 0.042
C. 0.028
D. 0.034
Problem 508:
The armature, series fields and shunt field resistances of a 125
kW,250-V long shunt cumulative compound DC generator are 0.025 ,
0.01 and 30 , respectively. If the stray power loss at rated load is 5
kW, determine the motor brake horsepower required to drive this
machine. Assume a brush drop of 2 V and a stray load loss of 1% of the
output.
A. 182.32 hp
B. 201.33 hp

C. 190.85 hp
D. 210.56 hp
Problem 509:
A long shunt compound generator delivers 100 A, 250 V at rated
load. The resistances of the various windings are: Ra = 0.1 , Rip =
0.02 , Rsh = 100 and Rse = 0.025 . If the stray power losses
amount to 1.8 kW, solve for the overall efficiency of the generator.
A. 90.52 %
B. 87.43 %
C. 88.32 %
D. 86.36 %
Problem 510:
A certain 5.5 kW, 125-V DC long shunt compound generator was
operated as a shunt motor at no load for determination of stray power
losses. With 135 V equal to the generated emf at full load applied to
the armature and at normal speed of 1700 rpm, the current input to
the armature was found to be 2.5 A. The armature, shunt field and
series field resistances are 0.2 , 25 , and 0.25 respectively.
Determine the efficiency of the generator at rated load.
A. 84.52 %
B. 83.57 %
C. 80.21 %
D. 82.23 %
Problem 511:
A compound dynamo supplies a load of 20 kW at 400 V through a
feeder having a resistance equal to 0.1 ohm. The shunt and series field
resistances are 85 ohms and 0.06 ohm respectively. Determine the
total electromotive force when the generator is connected short shunt.
Assume a brush contact drop of 1 V per brush and an armature
resistance of 0.1 ohm.
A. 415.48 V
B. 411.42 V
C. 416.23 V
D. 412.42 V
Problem 512:
A short shunt compound generator has the following has an
armature, series field and shunt field resistances are 0.04 ohm, 0.03
ohm and 80 ohms respectively. The generator serves a 20 kW, 200 V
load through a feeder with an equivalent resistance of 0.1 ohm. Solve
for the power generated by the armature.
A. 23.84 kW
B. 21.30 kW

C. 22.29 kW
D. 21.92 kW
Problem 513:
A short shunt compound generator has an armature, shunt field
and series field resistances of 0.02 , 80 and 0.03 respectively.
The generators induced emf is 510 V when the terminal voltage is 500
V. How much load current is delivered under this condition.
A. 197.47 A
B. 190.46 A
C. 194.53 A
D. 192.72 A
Problem 514:
A short shunt compound generator delivers 150 A at a terminal
voltage is 230 V. The shunt field current is 2.5 A. The resistances of the
armature, series field and diverter are 0.032 , 0.015 and 0.03
respectively. Calculate the electrical efficiency of the generator at this
load.
A. 96.4 %
B. 93.8 %
C. 94.2 %
D. 95.7 %
Problem 515:
Two shunt DC generators G1 and G2 are rated at 100 and 150 kW
at 110 V respectively. Their external load characteristics may be
considered as straight line. The drop in the terminal voltage from noload to full-load is 10 volts for G1 and 20 volts for G2. Calculate the noload voltages of these generators when they are operated in parallel to
supply a load of 2000 A, which is divided between them in proportion
to their ratings.
A. G1 = 123.7 V, G2 = 133.7 V
B. G1 = 123.7 V, G2 = 131.7 V
C. G1 = 121.7 V, G2 = 133.7 V
D. G1 = 121.7 V, G2 = 131.7 V
Problem 516:
Two shunt generators operating in parallel are giving a total
output of 320 kW.
GENERATOR
ARMATURE
INDUCED EMF
RESISTANCE
A
0.02 ohm
450
B
0.025 ohm
460

Find the bus bar voltage. Neglect shunt field current.

A. 450.3 V
B. 446.5 V
C. 423.4 V
D. 464.2 V
Problem 517:
Two identical shunt generators running in parallel supply a total
load current of 2500 A. Each machine has a field resistance of 50 ohms
and an armature resistance of 0.01 ohm. The induced emfs generated
are 230 and 235 volts, respectively. Calculate the common operating
voltage of each machine.
A. 220 V
B. 222 V
C. 223 V
D. 218 V
Problem 518:
Three shunt generators operating in parallel supply a total load
current of 2000 amperes. Each machine has a field resistance of 40
ohms and an armature resistance of 0.02 ohm. The emfs generated are
240,242 volts respectively. Determine current delivered by each
generator.
A. 550 A, 600 A, 850 A
B. 550 A, 650 A, 800 A
C. 500 A, 650 A, 850 A
D. 600 A, 600 A, 800 A
Problem 519:
Two shunt generators running in parallel deliver a total current of
3,600 A. Each machine has a field resistance of 60 ohms and an
armature resistance of 0.01 ohm. The emfs generated by each
machine are 455 and 460 V, respectively. Calculate the kW share of
each machine.
A. 652 kW, 1087 kW
B. 670 kW, 1069 kW
C. 641 kW, 1098 kW
D. 682 kW, 1057 kW
Problem 520:
A shunt generator and a battery are connected in parallel serving
a 500 A busload. The generator has an characteristics such that the
terminal voltage drops uniformly from 460 volts on no load 440 volts
on rated load while delivering 125 A of current. The battery has an
open circuit emf is 420 V and internal resistance of 0.01 ohm. What
percentage of the load current does the battery deliver?
A. 53 %

B. 47 %
C. 64 %
D. 36 %

Problem 521:
A 50 kW, 220 V dc generator has a voltage regulation of 10%. It
is connected in parallel with a battery of 115 cells, each with an emf of
2 V and internal resistance of 0.01 ohm. What current will the battery
carry if by accident the load is trip-off from the bus?
A. 0 A
B. 8.02 A
C. 6.15 A
D. 7.20 A
Problem 522:
Two identical 600 kW, 230 V dc generators are operating in
parallel and take equal shares of an 800 kW, 250 V bus load. The
ratings of the generator are as follows:
MACHINE PARAMETER
GENERATOR 1
GENERATOR 2
Regulation (%)
2
4
Rated Power (kW)
500
400
If the load drops to 2100 A, determine the new operating bus voltage.
A. 252 V
B. 256 V
C. 254 V
D. 253 V
Problem 524:
Two shunt generators are operating in parallel and taking equal
shares of a 2400 A, 230 V bus load. The ratings of the generator are as
follows:
MACHINE PARAMETER
GENERATOR 1
GENERATOR 2
Regulation (%)
3
4
Rated Power (kW)
500
600
Rated Voltage (V)
250
250
If an additional 600-A load is connected to the bus, determine the
current delivered by each generator at this condition.
A. 1516 A, 1484 A
B. 1525 A, 1475 A
C. 1612 A, 1388 A
D. 1655 A, 1345 A
Test 15

Problem 525:
A simplex lap wound armature has 580 conductors and carries of
125 amperes per armature current path. If the flux per pole is 20 mWb.
Calculate the electromagnetic torque developed by the armature?
A. 210.64 N-m
B. 252.72 N-m
C. 230.77 N-m
D. 207.63 N-m
Problem 526:
A 6-pole lap wound shunt motor takes 300 A when the speed is
500 rpm. The flux per pole is 0.06 Wb and the armature has 870 turns.
Neglecting the shunt field current, calculate the brake horsepower of
the motor. Assume a constant loss of 4 %.
A. 175
B. 168
C. 172
D. 165
Problem 527:
A 220 V shunt motor driving its normal load draws an armature
current of 50 A from a 220 V dc source. The armature resistance of this
motor including brushes is 0.25 ohm. How much armature current
(minimum) will this motor draw from a 200 V dc source when driving
the same load with the field adjusted to maintain the same speed.
A. 55.76 A
B. 58.24 A
C. 60.12 A
D. 63.48 A
Problem 528:
A DC shunt motor has a full load rating of 15 hp, 230 volts, 57.1
amperes, 1400 rpm. The armature circuit resistance is 0.13 ohm and
the field circuit resistance is 115 ohms. Neglecting the effect of
armature reaction, determine the no-load line current.
A. 6.74 A
B. 5.62 A
C. 7.45 A
D. 8.64 A
Problem 529:
At rated load, a shunt motor draws an armature current of 50 A
from a 230 V dc mains while running at 1000 rpm. At no load the
armature current drops to 5 A. if the effect of armature reaction was

weaken the flux by 2% from no-load to full load, determine speed of

the motor at no-load. Assume the armature resistance to be 0.15 ohm.
A. 1202 rpm
B. 1221 rpm
C. 1122 rpm
D. 1010 rpm
Problem 530:
The nameplate rating of a shunt motor is 150 hp, 600 volts, 205
A, 1700 rpm. The resistance of the shunt field circuit is 240 ohms and
the total armature circuit resistance is 0.15 ohm. Calculate the speed
regulation of the motor.
A. 4.07 %
B. 4.89 %
C. 5.25 %
D. 5.18 %
Problem 531:
A DC shunt motor runs at 600 rpm on a 240-volt supply while
drawing a line current of 30 A. Its armature and filed resistances are
0.5 and 120 respectively. What resistance should be placed in
series with the armature circuit in order to reduce the speed to 400
rpm. Assume no changes in the armature or field current.
A. 2.69
B. 2.41
C. 2.07
D. 2.83
Problem 532:
A 120-V shunt motor has an equivalent of 0.5 and a field
resistance of 60 . A full load, the motor takes 10 A and the speed is
1000 rpm. At what speed must this motor maybe driven as a generator
to deliver 10 A to an external load at 120 V?
A. 1158 rpm
B. 1086 rpm
C. 1262 rpm
D. 1045 rpm
Problem 533:
A bet- driven 150 kW shunt wound DC generator is running at
450 rpm and is supplying full load to a bus bar at 240 V. At what speed
will it run if the belt breaks and the machine continues to run taking
8.5 kW from the bus bar? The armature and field resistance are 0.05
ohm and 85 ohms respectively. The brush contact drop is 1.5 volt per
brush. Neglect armature reaction.

A.
B.
C.
D.

395
388
402
358

rpm
rpm
rpm
rpm

Problem 534:
A shunt motor draws a current of 40 A from a 120 V source and
runs at 1200 rpm at rated load. The armature and field circuit
resistance are 0.1 and 60 respectively. Determine the speed of the
motor at half load. Assume a brush drop of 2 V at rated load and 1 V at
half load.
A. 1180 rpm
B. 1238 rpm
C. 1230 rpm
D. 1026 rpm
Problem 535:
A DC shunt motor has a full load rating of 15 hp, 230 volts, 57.1
amperes, 1400 rpm. The armature circuit resistance is 0.13 ohm and
the field circuit resistance is 115 ohms. Neglecting the effect of
armature reaction, determine the no-load speed.
A. 1392 rpm
B. 1264 rpm
C. 1441 rpm
D. 1380 rpm
Problem 536:
A 220-V shunt motor delivers 40 hp on full load at 950 rpm and
has an efficiency of 88 %. The armature and field resistances are 0.2
ohm and 110 ohms, respectively. Determine the starting resistance
such that the starting armature current does not exceed 1.6 times the
full load current .
A. 0.704 ohm
B. 0.732 ohm
C. 0.712 ohm
D. 0.739 ohm
Problem 537:
A 120- V DC motor rated at 5-hp has a full load efficiency of 86
%. The field and armature resistance are 60 ohms and 0.75 ohm,
respectively. What starter resistance will be required to limit the
armature current at starting to 200 % of its rated armature current?
A. 1.02 ohms
B. 1.12 ohms
C. 1.00 ohms

D. 1.22 ohms

Problem 538:
A 10-hp 230 V DC motor of 85 % full load efficiency of 86% is
located 450 ft from the supply mains. If the motors starting current is
1.75 times the full load current, what is the smallest cross-sectional
area of cooper wire required when the allowable voltage drop in the
feeder at starting is limited to 24 volts?
A. 30 MCM
B. 28 MCM
C. 26 MCM
D. 27 MCM
Problem 539:
The nameplate rating of a shunt motor is 150 hp, 600 volts, 205
A, 1700 rpm. The resistance of the shunt field circuit is 240 ohms and
the total armature circuit resistance is 0.15 ohm. If the motor is to be
deliver full-load torque at 1,200 rpm, what value of resistance must be
added to the armature circuit?
A. 0.833 ohm
B. 0.802 ohm
C. 0.827 ohm
D. 0.862 ohm
Problem 540:
A 120 V shunt motor draws a current of 77 A at rated load. The
armature and shunt field resistances are 0.2 and 60 ohms
respectively. A multi-tap starter rheostat is inserted in the armature
circuit to limit the starting current. If the rheostat has a resistance of
1.732 ohms, determine the percentage tap used such that the starting
current will be limited to 150% of its full load value?
A. 60 %
B. 50 %
C. 55 %
D. 45 %
Problem 541:
A 10-hp power 220 V DC shunt motor has an armature and field
resistance of 0.25 ohm and 100 ohms respectively. The full load
efficiency is 83 %. Determine the value of starting resistance in order
that starting current will not exceed 200 percent of full-load value.
A. 2.88

B. 2.59
C. 2.15
D. 2.45
Problem 542:
A 50 HP, 550 V shunt wound motor draws a line current of 4.5 A
at no load. The shunt field resistance is 275 ohms and the armature
resistance exclusive of brushes, is 0.3 ohm, the brush drop at full load
is 2 V. At full load, the motor draws a line current of 84 A. Current the
efficiency at full load.
A. 92.0 %
B. 88.5 %
C. 91.2 %
D. 89.9 %
Problem 543:
A 100-volt shunt motor is developing 6 hp while operating at an
overall efficiency of 86 %. The armature and shunt field resistance are
0.06 and 50 ohms respectively. Determine stray power losses.
A. 378 W
B. 367 W
C. 392 W
D. 364 W
Problem 544:
The shaft power of a shunt motor is 7.8 hp. It draws 50 A from
120 V. The field winding draws 1.2 A. What is the efficiency of the
motor?
A. 94.7 %
B. 93 %
C. 96.9 %
D. 98.2 %
Problem 545:
A 500 V shunt motor running at 720 rpm takes an armature
current of 50 A. The equivalent armature resistance is 0.4 ohm. What
resistance must be placed in series with the armature to reduce the
speed to 540 rpm while maintaining the same torque?
A. 2.2 ohms
B. 2.6 ohms
C. 2.4 ohms
D. 2.8 ohms
Problem 546:

A current shunt motor has an resistance of 0.05 ohm. It draws 50

A at a terminal voltage of 120 V. Assume other miscellaneous losses at
1%. Determine the output horsepower of the motor.
A. 8.5 hp
B. 7.1 hp
C. 6.8 hp
D. 7.8 hp
Problem 547:
The armature and field resistance of a shunt machine are 0.2
ohm and 110 ohms respectively. While running as a generated emf is
250 V at 1200 rpm. If the machine is run as a shunt motor, it takes 4 A
at 220 V. A a certain load the motor takes 30 A at 220 V. However on
load, the armature reaction weakens the field by 2 %. Find the motor
speed at his load.
A. 1120 rpm
B. 1050 rpm
C. 1042 rpm
D. 1025 rpm
Problem 548:
A shunt motor, which has a field resistance of 220 ohms and an
armature resistance of 0.8 ohm takes 26 A from a 260 V supply when
running at 500 rpm on full load. In order to control the speed of the
motor a 1.2-ohm resistor is connected in series with the armature.
Calculate the speed at which the motor will run when supplying full
load torque.
A. 438 rpm
B. 445 rpm
C. 424 rpm
D. 472 rpm
Problem 549:
The input and output powers of a 220 V, shunt motor are 30 and
28 kW respectively. The field and armature circuit resistance are 40
ohms 0.0125 ohm respectively. Determine the efficiency of the motor if
the output power is reduced to 10 kW.
A. 83.56 %
B. 88.67 %
C. 84.93 %
D. 86.48 %
Problem 550:
A 220 V series motor takes 15 A and runs at 700 rpm. The
armature resistance including the resistance of the series winding is

0.8 ohm. At what speed will it run if a 2-ohm resistance is connected in

series with supply voltage?
Assume the motor is taking the same current.
A. 599 rpm
B. 601 rpm
C. 572 rpm
D. 583 rpm

Problem 551:
The equivalent armature resistance of a series motor is 0.1 ohm.
When connected across a 110-V mains, the armature takes 20 A and its
speed is 1000 rpm. Determine its speed when the armature takes 50 A
from the same mains, with the field increased by 10%.
A. 809 rpm
B. 945 rpm
C. 856 rpm
D. 884 rpm
Problem 552:
A 400 V series motor has a field resistance of 0.2 ohm and an
armature resistance of 0.1 ohm. The motor takes 30 A of current at
1000 rpm while developing full load torque. What is the motor
develops 60 % of full load torque.
A. 1302.4 rpm
B. 1256.2 rpm
C. 1297.6 rpm
D. 1135.5 rpm
Problem 553:
A 10 hp, 230-V, 1200 rpm series motor having rated load
efficiency of 85.5%. The armature resistance including brushes is 0.3
ohm. The field resistance is 0.25 ohm. Assuming the flux varies directly
as the armature current, what value of resistance should be placed in
series with this motor when starting, in order that the starting current
maybe limited to a value that will exert a starting torque equal to
150% of its rated torque?
A. 4.7 ohms
B. 4.4 ohms
C. 5.1 ohms
D. 3.8 ohms
Problem 554:
The field and armature resistances of a 220-V series motor are
0.2 and 0.1 , respectively. The motor takes 30 A of current while

running at 700 rpm. If the total iron and friction losses are 350 W,
determine the motor efficiency.
A. 90.6%
B. 91.5%
C. 89.4%
D. 92.2%
Problem 555:
A 100-V series motor is used to drive a load through a pulley. This
machine has an armature resistance of 0.2 ohm and a series of field
resistance of 0.25 ohm. When a torque of 25 N-m is applied to the
pulley, the speed is 600 rpm. If stray power losses at this load is 300
W, calculate the armature current.
A. 20.62 A
B. 21.89 A
C. 22.72 A
D. 23.41 A
Problem 556:
A 400 V series motor, having an equivalent armature circuit
resistance of 0.5 ohm, takes 44 A of current while running at 650 rpm.
What is the motor speed for a line current of 36 A?
A. 803 rpm
B. 822 rpm
C. 812 rpm
D. 806 rpm
Problem 557:
The resistance of each of the two coils of a series motor is 0.04
ohm, armature resistance, 0.04 ohm. The motor takes 50 A at 100 V
while running at 800 rpm and the coils are in series. What will it speed
if the coils are re-connected in parallel while the load torque is
doubled?
A. 800 rpm
B. 400 rpm
C. 20 rpm
D. 650 rpm
Problem 558:
On full load a 50 V series motor takes 100 A and runs at 820
rpm. The armature and series field resistances are 0.1 and 0.04 ohm
respectively. What will be its speed when developing half-full load
torque and with a 0.08 ohm diverter connected across the series field
winding. Assume flux is proportional to field current.
A. 1563 rpm
B. 1634 rpm

C. 1359 rpm
D. 1429 rpm
Problem 559:
A 400 V series motor working with unsaturated field is taking 60
A and running at 840 rpm. The total resistance of the motor is 0.1 ohm.
A what speed will the motor run when developing half-full load torque.
A. 1193 rpm
B. 1202 rpm
C. 1167 rpm
D. 1352 rpm
Problem 560:
A long shunt compound motors takes a current of 42 A from a
230 V source. The generator parameters are: Ra = 0.1 , Rse = 0.2 D
and Rsh = 50 . If the friction and windage losses amount to 400 W,
determine the efficiency of the machine.
A. 82024 %
B. 80.56 %
C. 81.22 %
D. 79.53 %
Problem 561:
A 230 V, long shunt machine has the following parameters: Ra =
2.0, Rsh = 460 and Rse = 0.25 . When the machine is run at noload at its normal speed and rated voltage, the armature draws 0.6 A.
Determine the armature current drawn if the machine delivers an
output of 5 bhp.
A. 24.35 A
B. 21.22 A
C. 20.36 A
D. 22.83 A
Problem 562:
A 25 hp, 250 V long shunt compound motor takes 5 A when
running light and runs at 1150 rpm. Armature resistance, 0.15 , Shunt
filed resistance, 200 and series field resistance, 0.05 . At rated load
the motor takes 86.5 A and runs at 720 rpm. Determine the ratio of
torque developed from no-load to full load.
A. 1:26
B. 1:34
C. 1:22
D. 1:38
Problem 563:

A 200 V shunt motor has armature and shunt field resistance of

0.15 and 125 , respectively. When running light, it takes 6 A and
runs at 1200 rpm. A series winding of 0.05 ohm is added to make it
long shunt cumulatively compounded. This winding increases the flux
per pole by 25 % when the motor is taking its full load current of 10 A.
Neglecting armature reaction, solve for the speed as a compound
motor.
A. 887 rpm
B. 890 rpm
C. 868 rpm
D. 865 rpm
Problem 564:
A 220 V DC motor has an armature resistance of 0.4 ohm, a
shunt field resistance of 175 ohms and a series field resistance of 4
ohms. This machine is connected as a short shunt compound motor to
220 V mains. Calculate the power developed by the armature current is
30 A. Neglect the brush drop.
A. 2254.6 W
B. 2572.8 W
C. 2652.6 W
D. 2150.5 W
Problem 565:
The input current to a 220 V, short shunt compound motor at no
load is 6 A. The shunt field circuit resistance is 0.08 ohm. What is the
stray power loss?
A. 1153.31 W
B. 1066.22 W
C. 1232.54 W
D. 1073.25 W
Problem 566:
The pony brake test of an elevator door drive shunt motor, the
ammeter and voltmeter measuring the input read 34 A and 220 V. The
speed of the motor is found to be 910 rpm and the balance on a 2ft
brake arm read 27.2 pounds. The tare weight of the arm is found to be
positive 2.3 pounds. Determine the efficiency of the motor at his load.
A. 87.03 %
B. 86.05 %
C. 84.45 %
D. 88.32 %
Problem 567:
In brake test of an elevator door motor, the ammeter and
voltmeter measuring the input read 34 A at 220 V. The speed of the

motor is found to be 910 rpm and the balanced on a 0.16 m brake arm
reads 11.9 kg. The dead weight of the arm is found to be 1.09 kg. What
is the output hp of the door motor?
A. 9.40 hp
B. 10.38 hp
C. 8.26 hp
D. 9.58 hp
Problem 568:
A shunt motor with an armature and field resistance of 0.055 and
32 ohms respectively, is to be tested for its mechanical efficiency by
means of a rope brake. When the motor is running at 1400 rpm, the
longitudinal pull on the 6 inch diameter pulley is 57 pounds. The
readings of the line ammeter and voltmeter are 35 and 105,
respectively. Calculate the efficiency.
A. 77.10 %
B. 75.32 %
C. 78.28 %
D. 79.12 %
Problem 569:
A shunt motor was tested by means of a pony brake having a
length arm of 3.5 feet and a tare weight of 5.7 lbs. The current drawn
by the machine from a 240 V line was 50.9 A when the scale reading
was 24 lbs and the speed of the motor was 1215 rpm. Calculate the
rotational losses of the motor. The armature and the shunt field
resistances of the machine are 0.25 and 120 , respectively.
A. 674 W
B. 692 W
C. 620 W
D. 705 W
Problem 570:
Calculate the force that will be exerted on the scale in a pony
brake test when a 20-hp, 1,400 rpm motor is operating at full load. The
length of the brake arm is 3ft. and the tare weight of the brake is 3.75
lb.
A. 30.45 lbs
B. 28.76 lbs
C. 21.54 lbs
D. 36.33 lbs
TEST 16
Problem 571:

What is the speed of a 100 W, 230 volt, three-phase, four pole,

60 Hz alternator?
A. 450 rpm
B. 900 rpm
C. 1200 rpm
D. 1800 rpm
Problem 572:
A six-pole, 3-phase AC generator has 72 slots, the coil span is 12.
What is the pitch factor?
A. 1.000
B. 0.939
C. 0.985
D. 0.966
Problem 573:
A three-phase alternator has 6 slots per pole per phase.
Determine the distribution factor.
A. 0.977
B. 0.956
C. 0.963
D. 0.948
Problem 574:
A 30 MVA, 15 kV three-phase alternator will have a per phase
nominal impedance of _____.
A. 7.5 ohms
B. 9 ohms
C. 15 ohms
D. None of these
Problem 575:
A two-pole three-phase 50 Hz Y-connected AC generator has 9
slots per pole and 6 conductors per slot. What is the flux per pole if
thevoltage on open circuit is 1.1 kV. Assume a coil span of unity.
A. O.1657 Wb
B. 0.1742 Wb
C. 0.1507 Wb
D. 0.1728 Wb
Problem 576:
A 6-pole, 3-phase, 60-cycle alternator has 12 slots per pole and
four conductors per slot. The winding is 5/6 pitch. There are 2,500,000
maxwells (0.025 weber) entering the armature from each north pole,
and this flux is sinusoidally distributed along the air gap. The armature

coils are all connected in series. The winding is wye-connected.

Determine the open circuit emf of the alternator.
A. 532.1 V
B. 504.2 V
C. 512.4 V
D. 572.4 V
Problem 577:
A four-pole, three-phase, 50 Hz, star connected Ac generator has
24 stator slots. There are 6 conductors per slot and a sinusoidally
distributed flux per pole of 63 mWb. Find the terminal voltage on open
circuit, if the coil span factor is unity.
A. 546.05 V
B. 579.44 V
C. 568.48 V
D. 558.62 V
Problem 578:
A three-phase, 6-pole, 72-slot armature of a synchronous
generator is wound using a two-layer lap coil having 20 conductors per
coil with a pitch of 83.33%. The flux per pole is 4,800,000 maxwells. If
the rotor of the generator is driven at a speed of 1200rpm, calculate
the induced emf per phase.
A. 5,680 V
B. 5,390 V
C. 5,564 V
D. 5,854 V
Problem 579:
A 1MVA, 11 kV, three-phase wye-connected synchronous
generator has a synchronous reactance of 5 ohms and a negligible
resistance per phase. At a certain field current the generator delivers
rated load at 0.9 lagging power factor at 11 kV. For the same
excitation, what is the terminal voltage at 0.9 leading power factor fullload?
A. 11.6 kV
B. 11.4 kV
C. 11.3 kV
D. 11.5 kV
Problem 580:
A three-phase star connected AC generator s rated at 2.5 MVA,
11 kV, 60 Hz. The generator has a negligible resistance and a
synchronous reactance of 6 ohms per phase. It delivers full-load
current at 0.80 lagging power factor at rated voltage. What will be the

terminal voltage for the same excitation and load current, if the power
factor is 0.80 leading?
A. 14.2 kV
B. 13.5 kV
C. 15.3 kV
D. 12.7 kV
Problem 581:
A 1200 kVA, 6600 volt, 3-phase Y- connected alternator has an
effective resistance of 0.40 and a reactance of 6 ohms per phase. It
delivers full-load current at 0.80 lagging power factor at rated voltage.
What will be the terminal voltage for the same excitation and load
current, if the power factor is 0.80 leading?
A. 4560 V
B. 9878 V
C. 7898 V
D. 4250 V
Problem 582:
A 2500 kVA, 6600 V synchronous turbo alternator is operating at
full-load at 0.8 pf lagging. This machine has a synchronous reactance
per phase is 10.4 ohms and a negligible resistance. Calculate the
percentage voltage regulation?
A. 48.56%
B. 42.35%
C. 45.84%
D. 43.96%
Problem 583:
A 50- kVA, 550-volt single-phase alternator draws a field current
10 A at rated load. With the same field current, the open circuit emf
and short-circuit current are 300 V and 150 A. The ohmic resistance of
the armature between terminals is 0.15 ohm. The ratio of effective to
ohmic resistance maybe taken as 1.5. Determine the regulation at 0.8
power factor lagging.
A. 27.8 %
B. 26.4 %
C. 25.5 %
D. 24.9 %
Problem 584:
A generator is rated 100 MW, 13.8 kV and 90 % power factor. The
effective resistance is 1.5 times the ohmic resistance. The ohmic
resistance is obtained connecting two terminals to a DC source. The
current and voltage are 87.6 A and V respectively. What is the effective
resistance per phase?

A.
B.
C.
D.

0.0513 ohm
0.0685 ohm
0.342 ohm
0.0617 ohm

Problem 585:
To get the armature resistance of a 100 MW, 13.8 kV and 90%
power factor generator, two terminals are connected to a DC source.
The measured current and voltage are 87.6 amperes and 6 volts
respectively. What is the DC resistance per phase?
A. 0.0223 ohm
B. 0.0342 ohm
C. 0.0685 ohm
D. 0.0617 ohm
Problem 586:
A 2 MVA, 2.3-kV three-phase Y-connected alternator operates at
rated kVA at a power of 80 %. The dc armature winding resistance
between terminals is 0.08 . The field takes 70 A at 125 V from an
exciter equipment. Friction and windage loss is 20 kW, iron losses 36
kW and stray load losses are 2.0 kW. Calculate the efficiency of the
alternator. Assume the effective armature-winding resistance is 120 %
of the DC resistance.
A. 94.0 %
B. 92.1 %
C. 93.2 %
D. 89.5 %
Problem 587:
Determine the efficiency of a 1500 kVA, 2300 V, 3-phase, Yconnected alternator, which operates at rated output with a power
factor of 80 %. The DC armature resistance at 70 degree C between
terminals is 0.08 ohm. The field takes 70 A at 120 V from the exciter
equipment. Friction and windage losses are 15. kW, iron loss is 35 kW
and stray load losses is 1.5 kW. Assume the effective armature winding
resistance is 1.5 times the DC value.
A. 94.56 %
B. 90.31 %
C. 93.35 %
D. 92.62 %
Problem 588:
A 2,500 kVA, three-phase, 60 Hz, 6.6 kV wye-connected
alternator has a field resistance of 0.45 and armature resistance of
0.05 per phase. The field current at full load 0.85 pf, is 200 A. The

stray power losses amount to 82 kW. Calculate the efficiency of the

alternator at full load, 0.85 pf lagging.
A. 93.7 %
B. 94.8 %
C. 95.2 %
D. 96.3 %
Problem 589:
A 6.6 kV, Y-connected, 3-phase alternator has a synchronous
reactance of 6 per phase and a negligible resistance. At a certain
field current the armature is known to induce 5.8 kV per phase.
Calculate the maximum power that can be developed by the alternator
at this excitation.
A. 12 MW
B. 11 MW
C. 9.8 MW
D. 10 MW
Problem 590:
An 11,000 volts three-phase wye-connected turbo alternator has
a synchronous reactance of 6 ohms and negligible reactance per
phase. When the field current is 8 A, the open circuit voltage is 12,000
volts. Determine the armature current when alternator developed
maximum power.
A. 1456 A
B. 1712 A
C. 1643 A
D. 1566 A
Problem 591:
A three-phase, 11 kV wye connected synchronous alternator has
a synchronous reactance of 8 ohms per phase but negligible
resistance. If the excitation is such that the open circuit voltage is
14kV, determine the power factor at the maximum output.
A. 0.786
B. 0.772
C. 0.793
D. 0.708
Problem 592:
A three-phase AC generator is supplying power to a load of 3200
kW at 2300 volts and a power factor of 60 %. Assume that the loss of
the line, the generator armature and the load is equal to 10 % of the
load, what would be the savings of watts if the power factor were
raised to 80 %?
A. 100,000

B. 140,000
C. 80,000
D. 230,000
Problem 593:
A three-phase 50 MVA, 13.8 kV, 3600 rpm, 60 Hz grid connected
generator with a synchronous reactance of 3,8 ohms per phase
operating with a lagging power factor of 0.88 at rated voltage and
current. Determine the new power factor if the rotor current is
decreased by 5 %.
A. 0.920
B. 0.935
C. 0.907
D. 0.977
Problem 594:
A 3-phase 50 MVA, 13.8 kV, 3600 rpm, 60 Hz grid connected
generator with a synchronous reactance of 3.8 ohms per phase
operating with a lagging of 0.88 at rated voltage and current. If the
load decreases such that its prime mover power is decreased by 25 %
and the rotor current decreases same percentage, what will be the new
pf?
A. 0.928
B. 0.998
C. 0.987
D. 0.909
Problem 595:
A 3-phase 50 MVA, 13.8 kV, 3600 rpm, 60 Hz grid connected
generator with a synchronous reactance of 3.8 ohms per phase
operating with a lagging pf of 0.88 at rated voltage and current. If the
machine is to provide a lagging reactive power of 40 MVAR and still
operating at its rated current, what percent change in the rotor current
is required?
A. 10.48 %
B. 10.24 %
C. 11.30 %
D. 12.28 %
Problem 596:
A three-phase turbo alternator has a reactance of 15 ohms and
negligible resistance, the machine draws an armature current of 250
amperes at 0.8 pf lagging when running on 12,000 volts infinite
busbars. If the steam admission is constant but the emf is raised by 20
%. Calculate the new operating pf.
A. 0.547

B. 0.586
C. 0.509
D. 0.575
Problem 597:
A three-phase, 20 kV, synchronous alternator has a reactance of
10 ohms and a negligible resistance. The machine draws an armature
current of 150 A, 0.80 pf lagging. If the steam admission is constant
and field current is adjusted raising the induced the emf by 25 %
determine the value of the new armature current.
A. 442 A
B. 452 A
C. 421 A
D. 433 A
Problem 598:
A standby Diesel generator set will have the following loads:
Inductive load drawing 50 kVA at 0.8 power factor: Lightning load
drawing 20 kVA at 1.0 power factor. At what power factor will the
generator operate?
A. 0.855 lagging
B. 0.872 lagging
C. 0.821 lagging
D. 0.894 lagging
Problem 599:
A 250 V, 30 Hz generator supplies power to a parallel circuit
consisting of a 20 hp motor whose efficiency is 90 % at 0.80 pf lagging
and a second load that draws an apparent power of 7 kVA at unity pf.
Determine the system reactive power.
A. 23.582 kVAR
B. 12.435 kVAR
C. 10.341 kVAR
D. 20.384 kVAR
Problem 600:
Two 3- , 4160 V, 60 Hz alternators are operated in parallel. The
total load of the system is 1050 W at 75 % lagging pf. If alternator A is
carrying 700 kW at 80 % pf lagging, determine kVAR of alternator B.
A. 401 kVAR
B. 405 kVAR
C. 411 kVAR
D. 408 kVAR
Problem 601:

Two alternators A and B are operating in parallel supplying a load

drawing 1000 kVA at 0.80 power factor lagging. If alternator A
contributes 50 kVA at 0.60 power factor lagging, determine the power
factor of alternator B.
A. 0.928 lagging
B. 0.852 lagging
C. 0.901 lagging
D. 0.977 lagging
Problem 602:
Two identical three-phase Y-connected alternators A and B share
equally a load of 10 MW at 33-kV and 80 % lagging pf. The
synchronous reactance of each machine is 4 ohms per phase and the
armature resistance is negligible. Alternator A has its field excitation
adjusted to carry 125 A lagging current, what is the current supplied by
alternator B?
A. 96 A
B. 97 A
C. 98 A
D. 95 A
Problem 603:
Alternator A (100 kVA, 3 , 240 V, 60 Hz, 1800 rpm). The load of
alternator A is 60 kW at 90 % pf lagging and the load of alternator B is
80 kW at 70% pf lagging. Determine pf of load.
A. 0.755 lagging
B. 0.784 lagging
C. 0.893 lagging
D. 0.866 lagging
Problem 604:
Two 3-phase, Y-connected turbo alternators supply a load of 3000
kW at 6.6 kV and at 0.85 power factor lagging. Alternator A contributes
600 kVAR at 0.92 power factor lagging. Solve for the power factor of
alternator B.
A. 0.726
B. 0.792
C. 0.704
D. 0.768
Problem 605:
Two alternators are operating in parallel supplying a common
load of 4250 kW at 0.85 power factor lagging. Alternator A contributes
600 kVAR at 0.92 power factor lagging. Solve for the power factor of
alternator B.

A.
B.
C.
D.

0.813
0.834
0.804
0.820

lagging
lagging
lagging
lagging

Problem 606:
Two Y-connected alternators A and B running in parallel supply
the following loads at 3.3 kV
Load 1: 800 kW at unity pf
Load 2: 600 kW at 0.8 pf lagging
Load 3: 400 kW at 0.707 pf lagging
If alternator A is adjusted to carry an armature current of 150 A at 0.85
pf lagging, what is the armature current of alternator B?
A. 208 A
B. 180 A
C. 200 A
D. 190 A
Problem 607:
Two AC generators running in parallel supply the following loads:
400 kW at unity pf; 500 kW at 0.9 pf lagging; 600 kW at 0.866 pf
lagging. One machine is loaded to 1000 kW at a pf of 0.92 lagging,
what is the operating power factor of the second machine.
A. 0.964 lagging
B. 0.l921 lagging
C. 0.932 lagging
D. 0.951 lagging
Problem 608:
Two alternators are connected in parallel. The total load is 4250
kW at 0.85 pf lagging. Alternator A operates with a load of 2125 kW at
0.707 pf lagging. Determine the kVA load of alternator B.
A. 2245
B. 2078
C. 2185
D. 2410
Problem 609:
Sipalay Mines, has two 3-phase, 60 Hz AC generators operating
in parallel. The first unit has a capacity of 1000 kVA and the second
unit has a capacity of 1500 kVA. The first is driven by a prime mover so
adjusted that the frequency fall from 61 Hz at no-load to 59.6 Hz at
full-load. The second has a different speed-load characteristics, the
frequency fall from 61.4 Hz at no-load to 59.2 hZ at full-load. When
these alternators are jointly delivering 2000 kW, what is the load of
each generator?

A.
B.
C.
D.

884
867
915
804

kW,
kW,
kW,
kW,

1116
1133
1085
1196

kW
kW
kW
kW

Problem 610:
Two alternators are driven by shunt motors. The shunt motors
have speed-load droop characteristics of 3% and 4% respectively. The
alternators are in parallel and each carrying 50 kW. There is no
automatic speed-load control. An additional 50 kW is switched on.
What are the resulting loads of the alternators assuming that the
speed-load control of each is not adjusted?
A. 78.57 kW/ 71.43 kW
B. 82.51 kW/ 67.49 kW
C. 75 kW/ 75 kW
D. 80.31 kW/ 69.69 kW
Problem 611:
There are two alternators, 100 kW, 3-phase in parallel are driven
by shunt motors whose speed-load characteristics are as follows:
Alternator No.1, no-load speed 600 rpm and the full-load speed 530
rpm, while alternator No.2, no-load speed 590 rpm and full-load speed
550 rpm. For what load will the alternator drive the load equally?
A. 62.45 kW
B. 68.75 kW
C. 67.54 kW
D. 64.67 kW
Problem 612:
There are two alternators, 100 kW, 3-phase in parallel are driven
by shunt motors whose speed-load characteristics are as follows:
Alternators No.1, no-load speed 600 rpm and the full-load speed 530
rpm, while alternator No. 2, no-load speed 590 rpm and full-load speed
550 rpm. What is the greatest load that can be delivered without
overloading either alternator?
A. 171.43 kW
B. 168.78 kW
C. 177.54 kW
D. 164.67 kW
TEST 17
Problem 613:
The maximum flux density in the core of a 3000/240-V, 50 Hz
single-phase distribution transformer is 1.25 Tesla. If the voltage

induced per turn is 8 volts, determine the cross sectional of the core in
cm2.
A. 292
B. 375
C. 288
D. 362
Problem 614:
The net cross section of a transformer is 20 square inches. The
maximum flux density is 11 kilogausses. The frequency is 60 Hz. If
there are 1,000 turns in the primary, determine the primary induced
emf.
A. 3780 V
B. 3945 V
C. 3590 V
D. 3850 V
Problem 615:
Calculate the total magnetic flux in a 60-cycle transformer in
which the induced emf per turn of the winding is equal to 2 V.
A. 7.50 mWb
B. 7.02 mWb
C. 7.50 mWb
D. 7.42 mWb
Problem 616:
The low side of a certain welding transformer has 2 turns and
delivers 300 A. If the high voltage side has 30 turns, how much current
flows through it?
A. 10 A
B. 12 A
C. 20 A
D. 15 A
Problem 617:
A single-phase transformer is rated 4,160 V and 250 V secondary.
It has 1,500 turns in the primary and a voltage regulation of 8%. What
should be the number of turns in secondary winding?
A. 88 turns
B. 92 turns
C. 90 turns
D. 86 turns
Problem 618:
The current densities in the primary and secondary windings of a
step down transformer are 1250 and 1500 A per square inch,

respectively. The ratio of transformation is 10:1 and the mean length

per turn of the primary is 15% greater than that of the secondary. If the
primary winding resistance is 20 ohms, calculate the resistance of the
secondary windings.
A. 0.202 ohm
B. 0.219 ohm
C. 0.209 ohm
D. 0.220 ohm
Problem 619:
A certain transformer has a ratio of 8 is to 1. The primary winding
resistance is 0.00283 ohm per turn and has 1155 more turns than the
secondary winding. If the copper losses in the primary is 20% less than
in the secondary, find resistance of the secondary winding.
A. 0.073 ohm
B. 0.090 ohm
C. 0.068 ohm
D. 0.084 ohm
Problem 620:
A 10 kVA, 2440/240-V single-phase transformer has the following
resistances and reactances. Find the primary voltage required to
produce 240 V at the secondary terminals at full-load, when the power
factor is 0.8 lagging.
r1 = 3 , x1 = 15
r2 = 0.03 , x2 = 0.150
A. 2450 V
B. 2572 V
C. 2496 V
D. 2496 V
Problem 621:
A 10-kVA, 2,000/400 V, single-phase distribution transformer has
a primary and secondary winding impedances of 5.0 + j10 and 0.2 +
j0.45 ohms, respectively. Calculate the voltage across the secondary
terminals at full-load, 80% power factor lagging, when the primary is
supplied with 2,000 volts?
A. 400 V
B. 394 V
C. 385 V
D. 379 V
Problem 622:
A single-phase transformer rated 75 kVA, 8000 volts primary 240
volts secondary, is given the short circuit test. With the secondary
terminals short-circuited, 440 volts (60 Hz) is impressed on the

primary, which then draws rated currents and 1125 watts. Solve for the
percentage impedance of the transformer.
A. 5.29%
B. 4.93%
C. 5.50%
D. 5.13%
Problem 623:
A short circuit test was performed upon a 10-kVA, 2300/230 volt
transformer with the following results: Esc = 137 volts; Psc =192 W; lsc =
4.34 A. Calculate in primary terms the reactance of the transformer.
A. 31.56 ohms
B. 29.88 ohms
C. 10.19 ohms
D. 12.45 ohms
Problem 624:
A single-phase, 25 kVA, 4800/240 volt transformer was given a
short circuit tests: With the secondary terminals short-circuited, 93.75
volts was applied on the primary so that the ammeter reads rated
current and the wattmeters reads 162.74 watts, all on the primary
side. Solve for the percentage resistance of the transformer.
A. 1.95%
B. 3.39%
C. 3.02%
D. 2.23%
Problem 625:
The following data were obtained when a short circuit test was
performed upon a 100 kVA, 2400/240 volts distribution ttransformer:
Esc= 72 volts; lsc = 41.6 A; Psc = 1,180 W. All instruments are on the
high side during the short circuit test. Calculate the equivalent
resistance an reactance of the transformer.
A. 0.862 ohm, 1.59 ohms
B. 0.682 ohm, 1.73 ohms
C. 0.752 ohm, 1.73 ohms
D. 0.752 ohm, 1.59 ohms
Problem 626:
A 13.8 kV/480 V, 10 MVA three-phase transformer has 5%
impedance. What is the impedance in ohms referred to the primary?
A. 0.952 ohm
B. 0.03 ohm
C. 5.125 ohms
D. 9.01 ohms

Problem 627:
A short circuit test was performed on a 20 kVA, 2000/200 V
single-phase transformer. With the secondary winding short-circuited,
full-load current flows in the primary winding with 100 V applied on it.
The wattmeter connected in the primary read 300 W. Determine the
terminal voltage on full-load unity pf.
A. 198.6 V
B. 193.4 V
C. 196.7 V
D. 195.2 V
Problem 628:
The following data were obtained when a short-circuit test was
performed upon a 100 kVA, 2400/240 volts distribution transformer: E sc
= 72 volts; lsc = 41.6 A; Psc = 1,180 W. All instruments are on the high
side during the short circuit test. Calculate the percent regulation at a
power factor of 0.75 lagging.
A. 2.54%
B. 2.86%
C. 2.62%
D. 2.71%
Problem 629:
A 200- kVA transformer with impedance of 5% and the power
factor of the load is 85%. The primary voltage is 6,000 volts while
copper loss 5 kW. Find the percentage regulation.
A. 5.03%
B. 5.21%
C. 4.43%
D. 4.03%
Problem 630:
A 150 kVA, three-phase transformer supplies 100 kVA at 50%
lagging power factor. The transformers winding impedance is 2%
resistance and 5% reactance, based on 150 kVA. Determine the
voltage regulation of the transformer at this load. Assume 100%
voltage.
A. 3.55%
B. 5.33%
C. 4.24%
D. 4.05%
Problem 631:
A short circuit test was performed upon a 10-kVA, 2300/230 volt
transformer with the following results: Esc = 137 volts; Psc = 192 w; lsc =

4.34 A. Calculate the percent regulation at a lagging power factor of

0.707.
A. 5.28%
B. 5.55%
C. 5.37%
D. 5.72%
Problem 632:
A 100 kVA, 6600/600 V, 60 Hz single-phase transformer
operating at rated condition has the following losses: hysteresis loss =
520 W; eddy current loss = 370 W and copper loss = 2000 W. If this
transformer is to be used on a 50 Hz system, determine its new kVA
rating, assume the same total losses and maximum core flux.
A. 83.8
B. 94.3
C. 87.4
D. 91.8
Problem 633:
When 120 V, 60 Hz is applied to the primary winding of a
transformer, the core loss is 240 W, 50 V, 25 Hz is applied the core loss
is 50 W. Determine the core loss when 230 V, 50 Hz is applied to the
primary winding.
A. 703.5 W
B. 942.6 W
C. 863.6 W
D. 874.7 W
Problem 634:
The eddy current and hysteresis losses of a 4,400-V, 60 Hz
single-phase distribution transformer are 280 and 560 watts,
respectively. Determine the core loss when the transformer is
connected across a 4,600-volt, 50-Hz source.
A. 977 W
B. 983 W
C. 994 W
D. 967 W
Problem 635:
In a 400 V, 50 c/s transformer, the total iron loss 2500 W. When
the supplied p.d. is 220 V at 25 c/s, the corresponding loss is 850 W.
Calculate the eddy current loss at normal frequency p.d.
A. 2337 W
B. 2165 W
C. 2010 W
D. 2216 W

Problem 636:
When a 220 V, 60 Hz is impressed on a certain transformer at no
load, the total core loss is 200 W. When the frequency of the impressed
voltage is changed to 25 Hz and the magnitude of the voltage is made
such as to maintain the same maximum flux density as before, the
core loss fails to 75 W. Calculate the hysteresis losses at 60 Hz.
A. 163 W
B. 166 W
C. 171 W
D. 169 W
Problem 637:
A 100 kVA, 4160/230 V, 60 Hz single-phase transformer has
percentage impedance of 1.75 + j4.0. Its efficiency when operating at
rated conditions at 75% pf lagging is 97%. Determine the efficiency, if
the transformer is loaded at rated load and voltage but at 50 Hz.
Assume the ratio of eddy current losses to hysteresis losses at 60 Hz to
be 2.5.
A. 97.31%
B. 96.97%
C. 97.61%
D. 96.42%
Problem 638:
The full-load copper loss of a 75 kVA single-phase transformer is
thrice the iron losses. At half load unity pf, the efficiency is 97%.
Determine the full-load efficiency at 0.8 pf lagging.
A. 95.77%
B. 98.45%
C. 94.78%
D. 97.86%
Problem 639:
A 50 kVA, 2300/230 volt, 60-cycle transformer is tested in the
laboratory so that its characteristics maybe determined. The standard
test requires an open circuit test and short circuit test.
Open circuit test l = 6.5 A
E = 230 V P = 187 W
Short circuit test l = 21.7 A E = 115 V P = 570 W
Determine the efficiency of the transformer at half-load, unity pf.
A. 97.55%
B. 98.70%
C. 98.45%
D. 97.80%
Problem 640:

The iron loss of a 25-kVA, 60 Hz single-phase distribution

transformer is 1% of the rated output at unity power factor and the fullload copper loss
360 W. Determine the efficiency when operating
one half of the rated output at 70% power factor lagging.
A. 95.33%
B. 97.82%
C. 94.24%
D. 96.26%
Problem 461:
Given that full-load copper losses are exactly twice the iron
losses in a 50-kVA transformer, and that the quarter load efficiency is
96.5%. Calculate the full load efficiency at unity power factor.
A. 97.48%
B. 98.12%
C. 97.64%
D. 96.25%
Problem 642:
A 15 kVA, 2300/230-volt transformer is under test. With the low
side supplied with rated voltage and the high side open-circuited, input
power through a wattmeter reads 245 W. With the high side supplied
with 65 V while the low side short-circuited, input power at rated
current reads 350 W. Determine the maximum efficiency that can be
expected from this transformer at unity pf.
A. 97.29%
B. 96.25%
C. 97.83%
D. 98.21%
Problem 643:
A 10-kVA, 2300/230 transformer has an equivalent resistance
referred to the secondary winding of 0.05 ohm. The core loss of this
transformer is 75 W. At what kVA load will this transformer operate at
maximum efficiency?
A. 8.17 kVA
B. 9.08 kVA
C. 9.32 kVA
D. 8.90 kVA
Problem 644:
The core loss of a 5 kVA single-phase transformer with normal
voltage applied to the primary is 75 watts. The maximum efficiency
occurs at 60% of full-load kVA. What is the full-load efficiency of the
transformer at 0.80 power factor?
A. 95.16%

B. 93.38%
C. 89.52%
D. 91.36%
Problem 645:
A 100-kVA transformer has 94% efficiency at full load and at 50%
full-load with unity pf in both cases. Determine the maximum efficiency
of the transformer at unity pf load.
A. 96.27%
B. 95.68%
C. 93.44%
D. 94.32%
Problem 646:
A 100-kVA transformer has a maximum efficiency of 98% at 10%
underload and unity pf. Evaluate the efficiency at quarter load, 0.80 pf
lagging.
A. 96.3%
B. 95.3%
C. 94.7%
D. 97.7%
Problem 647:
A 1 MVA, 66/11 kV, 60 Hz transformer has an equivalent series
impedance of 1.0 + j 5 ohms referred to the low voltage side and a noload loss of 5500 watts at rated terminal voltage. What is the
maximum efficiency at 0.8 pf lagging?
A. 98.34%
B. 97.42%
C. 98.02%
D. 96.38%
Problem 648:
The all day efficiency of a 10 kVA single-phase transformer is
94.7% when loaded as follows: full load unity pf for 4 hours and no load
the rest of the day. If the full-load copper loss at unity pf is 400 watts,
calculate the core loss.
A. 75 kW
B. 70 kW
C. 72 kW
D. 78 kW
Problem 649:
A 25 kVA distribution transformer operates at 20% overload, 0.3
pf lagging for 1 hour; at full load, 0.9 lagging pf for 3 hours; 50% load
at unity pf for 8 hours; and 10% load at 0.8 leading pf for the rest of

the day. If the core loss is 150 watts and full load copper loss is 500 W,
what is the all day efficiency of the transformer?
A. 94.23%
B. 92.86%
C. 97.14%
D. 96.68%
Problem 650:
Find the all-day efficiency of a transformer having a maximum
efficiency at 98 percent at 15 kVA at unity pf and loaded as follows:
12 hours ------------- 2 kW at 0.5 pf lagging
6 hours --------------- 12 kW at 0.8 pf lagging
6 hours --------------- at no load
A. 95.3%
B. 91.7%
C. 94.6%
D. 93.3%
Problem 651:
A 30 kVA 2400/240 V, 60 Hz transformer has a full load power at
unity over the period of 24 hours. The maximum efficiency is 95% and
it occurs at full load. Calculate the all-day efficiency if loade as follows:
6 hours at full load
6 hours at quarter load
A. 91.53%
B. 92.54%
C. 90.37%
D. 93.86%
Problem 652:
A 1000 KVA, 6,600/400 volts 60 cycle single phase core type
transformer has the following average daily load:
Full load at 0.8 pf for 8 hours
Half load at 0.707 pf for 10 hours
No load for 6 hours
Calculate the rate of full load copper loss to the iron loss for the
transformer to be most economical for the above loading.
A. 2.05
B. 3.09
C. 2.17
D. 2.28
Problem 653:
The full load copper loss and iron loss of a 75 kVA transformer
are equal to 1 kW. During a given day, the transformer is loaded as

follows: full load at unity pf for 8 hours, one-half load at unity for 8
hours and no load the rest of the day. Calculate the all-day efficiency.
A. 96.36%
B. 97.23%
C. 96.47%
D. 98.32%
Problem 654:
A 6.9 kV/600 V, multi-tap, single-phase distribution transformer is
connected the far end of a distribution line for which the rear end
voltage is maintained at 6.9 kV. The equivalent impedance of the
transformer referred to low voltage side is 0.05 + j0.25 per phase.
The impedance of each line is 1 + j2 . It is required to maintain a
terminal voltage of 600 V when the line current of 300 A at 80% pf
lagging is delivered to the load. What approximate percentage tapping
is required in the primary side? Neglect changes in impedance due to
changes in turns ratio.
A. 94%
B. 92%
C. 90%
D. 88%

Problem 655:
A 60 Hz alternator generates a single-phase voltage of 120 V and
has a reactance of 0.25 ohm. The alternator feeds a line, which is
essentially resistive with an impedance of 0.1 ohm. The line is
terminated with a 2:1 step up transformer. What should be the load
impedance to be connected to the secondary side to have maximum
power transfer to it?
A. 0.5 + j 1.2
B. 0.4 j 1.0
C. 0.5 j 1.2
D. 0.4 + j 1.0
Problem 656:
A transformer consists of primary winding with 500 turns and two
secondary windings of 125-turn secondary winding has 60 ohms
connected to its terminals and the 36-turn secondary winding has 3
ohms connected to its terminals. If the primary is connected to 120-V,
60 Hz source, determine the current in the primary windings.
A. 0.332 A
B. 0.412 A
C. 0.235 A
D. 0.257 A

Problem 657:
A 3-phase, 60 Hz transformer has primary, secondary and
tertiary windings. The primary winding is delta connected and rated
6,600 V. the secondary winding is delta connected and rated 1000 V.
The tertiary winding is wye connected and rated 440 V. If the
secondary winding has a 3-phase balanced load of 100 kVA at 80& pf
lagging and the tertiary winding has a balanced 3-phase load of 50 kW
at unity pf, what is the current in the primary winding and its operating
pf?
A. 12.52 A, 0.908
B. 7.23 A, 0.902
C. 12.52 A, 0.902
D. 7.23 A, 0.908
Problem 658:
A 20-kVA, 500-V load is to be supplied by an ideal step-up
autotransformer from a 400-V source. Find the current in the common
winding.
A. 30 A
B. 40 A
C. 50 A
D. None of these
Problem 659:
The two windings of a 10-kVA, 2300/230 volt, distribution
transformer is connected in series to form an autotransformer giving a
small reduction to potential difference from a 2300-volt line. Determine
its kVA rating as an ideal autotransformer, operating in the above
conditions.
A. 10 kVA
B. 100 kVA
C. 110 kVA
D. None of these
Problem 660:
A 10 kVA, 440/110 volt, single-phase transformer has an
efficiency of 96% at a rated load of unity power factor. The full load
copper loss is 250 watts. If this transformer is to be converted as a
550/440-volt autotransformer, determine its efficiency when supplying
full load at 85 percent power factor.
A. 99.25%
B. 99.03%
C. 97.45%
D. 98.61%

TEST 18
Problem 661:
What should be the kVA rating of each two transformers in an
open-delta bank when the three-phase balanced load is 290.4 kVA?
A. 155.60 kVA
B. 173.40 kVA
C. 150.25 kVA
D. 167.66 kVA
Problem 662:
A V or open delta connected transformer bank, composed of two
identical units, serves a balanced 3-phase load of 16 kVA at 230 volts.
Solve for the minimum size in kVA of the transformer needed.
A. 8 kVA
B. 9.24 kVA
C. 16 kVA
D. 8.25 kVA
Problem 663:
A V (open delta) connected transformer bank serves a balanced
3-phase load of 40 kVA at 230 V and 0.866 pf lagging. Solve for the
minimum kVA of each transformer neede to accommodate the load
without overloading.
A. 25
B. 24
C. 23
D. 20
Problem 664:
Two single-phase distribution transformers are banked in V (open
delta). If each transformer is rated 37.5 kVA, solve for the maximum 3phase load that the bank can carry without overrloading, considering
that the load has a power factor of 0.85 lagging.
A. 52.5 W
B. 49.5 W
C. 53.6 W
D. 55.2 W
Problem 665:
An open delta bank, consisting of two single-phase transformers
is operating with a balanced three-phase load of 50 kVA, 440 V at 0.8
pf lagging and a single-phase load of 10 kW resistive connected across
c-a leg. Determine the minimum ratings of the two transformers.
Assume a phase sequence of a-b-c.

A.
B.
C.
D.

38.80
34.32
35.38
30.83

kVA,
kVA,
kVA,
kVA,

34.06
33.40
39.52
39.52

kVA
kVA
kVA
kVA

Problem 666:
Two (2) single-phase distribution transformers, connected in open
delta will supply power to a 200 hp, 3-phase induction motor, operating
at 0.70 power factor and 0.90 efficiency. Solve for the minimum size in
kVa of each transformer needed to supply the power without being
overloaded.
A. 136.73 kVA
B. 124.45 kVA
C. 130.38 kVA
D. 129.48 kVA
Problem 667:
The Utility Company supplies two single-phase transformers
banked in open delta. If each transformer is rated 75-kVA capacity,
what is the maximum 3-phase load in kilowatts that the bank can carry
without suffering overload considering that the load has a lagging
power factor of 0.80.
A. 104 kW
B. 112 kW
C. 130 kW
D. 114 kW
Problem 668:
Two identical 1-phase transformers connected in open delta
serve a 3-phase motor load of 250 hp, 0.70 pf lagging. 0.90 efficiency.
Solve for the minimum size in kVA of each transformer required to
serve the load without overloading.
A. 150.33
B. 170.91
C. 160.43
D. 185.13
Problem 669:
An open-delta connected transformer bank serves a balanced 3phase load of 40 kVA at 230 V and 0.866 pf lagging. Solve for the real
power and pf at which each transformer is operating.
A. 11.54 kW at 0.5 pf, 23.09 kW at unity pf
B. 12.22 kW at 0.5 pf, 22.42 at unity pf
C. 11.54 kW at 0.866 pf, 23.09 kW at 0.707 pf
D. 12.22 kW at 0.866 pf, 22.42 kW at 0.707 pf
Problem 670:

An open delta, three-phase transformer consisting two singlephase transformers is operating with a balanced three-phase load of 50
kVA, 440-V at a lagging pf of 0.8. Determine the operating pf of each
transformer.
A. 0.393 lagging, 0.993 lagging
B. 0.383 lagging, 0.887 lagging
C. 0.383 lagging, 0.993 lagging
D. 0.393 lagging, 0.887 lagging
Problem 671:
Two single-phase transformers are connected in V (open delta)
and serving a delta connected impedance load, each impedance is
equal to 1636.87 ohms. If the transformer voltages impressed on the
impedances are:
Vab = 2400, Vab = 240240, Vab =240120 volts
Solve for the kVA delivered by each transformer.
A. 7.28, 5.20
B. 5.87, 6.61
C. 6.84, 5.64
D. 6.24, 6.24
Problem 672:
Two single-phase transformers in an open-delta bank served a
three-phase balanced load of 290.4 kVA. If a third transformer is added
for delta operation, what percent increase in load does this represent?
A. 73.2%
B. 84.6%
C. 80.5%
D. 79.4%
Problem 693:
Three-single phase transformers each rated 75 kVA are banked in
delta and supplying a 3-phase load drawing 160 kVA at 0.8 lagging
power factor. If one transformer is removed for repairs, solve for the
amount of overloading of the remaining units.
A. 30 kVA
B. 10 kVA
C. 20 kVA
D. 25 kVA
Problem 674:
A 6600-volt, 60 Hz, 2-phase network is connected to a threephase, 4-wiresystem by a Scott-connected transformer combination. If
there are 1500 turns on the 2-phase side, calculate the number of
turns on the 3-phase side required for the main and teaser
transformers. Voltage per phase on the 3-phase side is 240 V.

A.
B.
C.
D.

94
93
95
92

turns,
turns,
turns,
turns,

83
84
82
85

turns
turns
turns
turns

Problem 675:
A balanced 3-phase transformers bank has delta-connected
primary an wye-connected secondary windings. The primary to
secondary winding voltage ratio is 2400/277. Solve for the primary line
current if the low-side (secondary) load draws a line current of 1000 A.
A. 200 A
B. 115 A
C. 150 A
D. 175 A
Problem 676:
A three-phase 150 kVA, 4160 V, o.8 lagging pf load is to be
supplied by three single-phase transformer having a turns ratio of 2.
Calculate the current that flows in the primary windings if the
transformers are connected delta-delta.
A. 10.41 A
B. 6.01 A
C. 20.82 A
D. 12.02 A
Problem 677:
What should be the turns ratio of a three-phase transformer to
transform 10,000 kVA from 230 kV to 4160 V if the transformer is to be
connected delta-wye?
A. 94
B. 98
C. 96
D. 97
Problem 678:
A bank of three 50:1 single-phase transformers connected wyedelta is used to step down the HV transmission line rated 138 kV.
Determine the magnitude of the step down voltage.
A. 126 kV
B. 6.90 kV
C. 138.55 kV
D. 159.35 kV
Problem 679:

The potential transformer of a line has a ratio 132,000/66.These

are connected wye-delta. The voltmeter reads 64 volts. What is the
voltage of the line?
A. 221.7 kV
B. 112.5 kV
C. 135.2 kV
D. 132 kV
Problem 680:
A power transformer rated 50,000 kVA, 34.5 kV/13.8 kV is
connected wye-grounded primary and delta on the secondary.
Determine the full load phase current on the secondary side.
A. 2092 A
B. 1725 A
C. 1449 A
D. 1208 A
Problem 681:
A 69/13.8 kV, 10 MVA three-phase transformer is connected wyegrounded delta. What is the kV rating of the secondary winding?
A. 7.97
B. 15
C. 23.9
D. 13.8
Problem 682:
The PTs of a 220 kV transmission line have ratio of 132.76
kV/66.375 kV and are connected wye-wye. A voltmeter connected line
to ground reads 66 volts. What is the transmission line voltage?
A. 228.63 kV
B. 220.10 kV
C. 223.15 kV
D. 225.25 kV
Problem 683:
A power transformer rated 50,000 kVA, 34.5 kV/13.8 kV is
connected wye-wye. What are the line currents at full load?
A. 525.2 A, 1725.4 A
B. 836.7 A, 2092 A
C. 483.1 A, 1207.7 A
D. 1449.3 A, 3623.2 A
Problem 684:
Two transformers are connected in parallel to supply a common
load of 175 kVA. Transformer A is rated 100 kVA with equivalent
impedance of 12.5 ohms. Find the kVA load of each transformer.

A.
B.
C.
D.

78,
76,
80,
75,

97
99
95
100

Problem 685:
Two distribution transformers are connected in parallel supplying
a load of 125 kVA. If transformer A is rated 50 kVA, with 14 ohms
equivalent reactance and transformer B is rated 75 kVA with 11 ohms
equivalent reactance. Solve for the loading in kVA of each transformer.
A. 55 kVA, 70 kVA
B. 50 kVA, 75 kVA
C. 58 kVA, 67 kVA
D. 52 kVA, 73 kVA
Problem 686:
A 125-kVA distribution transformer with 4% impedance is
connected in parallel with another transformer rated 75-kVA and with
3% impedance. Both have the same voltage ratio. Neglect resistance
of each transformer. The total load is 140 kVA at 85 percent power
factor. How much load does each carry?
A. 80.5 kVA/ 59.5 kVA
B. 77.78 kVA/ 62.22 kVA
C. 80 kVA/ 60 KVA
D. 87.50 kVA/ 52.5 kVA
Problem 687:
Two parallel transformers have 8% reactance each. One is rated
25 MVA and the other at 15 MVA. For a given 30 MVA load with a
lagging pf of 0.8. Determine the load carried by each transformer?
A. 18.50 MVA, 11.50 MVA
B. 18.75 MVA, 11.25 MVA
C. 15.25 MVA, 14.75 MVA
D. 16.45 MVA, 13.55 MVA
Problem 688:
A 500-kVA single-phase transformer A with percentage
impedance of 0.010 + j 0.05 is connected in parallel with a 250-kVA
transformer B with a percentage impedance of 0.015 + j0.04. If the
transformers are serving a single-phase load rated 800-kVA, 80%
lagging pf, determine the operating pf of each transformer. Assume the
transformers have the same turns ratio.
A. A = 0.762, B = 0.083
B. A = 0.772, B = 0.856
C. A = 0.762, B = 0.856
D. A = 0.772, B = 0.803

Problem 689:
The MERALCO has two single-phase transformers with equal
turns ratio and ratings and are operated in parallel to supply a load of
280 kW at 0.80 lagging pf. Transformer A has a resistance of 2% and a
reactance of 8%. Transformer B has a resistance of 1% and a reactance
of 6%. Determine the power delivered by the transformers A and B to
the load.
A. A = 123 kW, B = 157 kW
B. A = 125 kW, B = 155 kW
C. A = 122 kW, B = 158 kW
D. A = 127 kW, B = 153 kW
Problem 690:
Two single-phase transformers with equal ratings and turns ratio
are operated in parallel to supply a load of 0.90. Transformer A has a
resistance of 1% and a reactance of 6%. Transformer B has a
resistance of 2% and a reactance of 5%. Calculate the power delivered
by each transformer.
A. 83 kW, 97 kW
B. 79 kW, 101 kW
C. 88 kW, 92 kW
D. 80 kW, 100 kW
Problem 691:
Two single-phase transformers A and B are connected in parallel
to serve a 600-A single-phase load at 0.80 pf lagging. The equivalent
impedance of the transformers are 2 + j 3 and 2.3 + j 5 ohms,
respectively. Determine the ratio of the kW output of transformer A to
the kW output of transformer B. Assume the transformers have equal
ratings and turns ratio.
A. 1.56
B. 1.88
C. 1.68
D. 1.74