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    Engineering Thermodynamics Unit Ii Notes 17

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    amarparimi
    This document describes two experiments: 1) A constant volume gas thermometer, which uses the relationship between the temperature and pressure of a confined gas to measure unknown temperatures. It consists of a gas bulb and mercury manometer connected by a flexible tube. The pressure is directly related to temperature. 2) Joule's experiment, which demonstrated the equivalence of work and heat. It involved stirring water in an insulated vessel, causing its temperature to rise due to molecular collisions. When exposed to the atmosphere, heat was rejected until thermal equilibrium was reached, completing the cycle. Joule's experiments showed that the work done was proportional to the heat transferred.

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    Engineering Thermodynamics Unit Ii Notes 17

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    amarparimi
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    This document describes two experiments: 1) A constant volume gas thermometer, which uses the relationship between the temperature and pressure of a confined gas to measure unknown temperatures. It consists of a gas bulb and mercury manometer connected by a flexible tube. The pressure is directly related to temperature. 2) Joule's experiment, which demonstrated the equivalence of work and heat. It involved stirring water in an insulated vessel, causing its temperature to rise due to molecular collisions. When exposed to the atmosphere, heat was rejected until thermal equilibrium was reached, completing the cycle. Joule's experiments showed that the work done was proportional to the heat transferred.

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    Thermodynamics notes

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    17

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    This document describes two experiments: 1) A constant volume gas thermometer, which uses the relationship between the temperature and pressure of a confined gas to measure unknown temperatures. It consists of a gas bulb and mercury manometer connected by a flexible tube. The pressure is directly related to temperature. 2) Joule's experiment, which demonstrated the equivalence of work and heat. It involved stirring water in an insulated vessel, causing its temperature to rise due to molecular collisions. When exposed to the atmosphere, heat was rejected until thermal equilibrium was reached, completing the cycle. Joule's experiments showed that the work done was proportional to the heat transferred.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    8 views3 pages

    Engineering Thermodynamics Unit Ii Notes 17

    Uploaded by

    amarparimi
    This document describes two experiments: 1) A constant volume gas thermometer, which uses the relationship between the temperature and pressure of a confined gas to measure unknown temperatures. It consists of a gas bulb and mercury manometer connected by a flexible tube. The pressure is directly related to temperature. 2) Joule's experiment, which demonstrated the equivalence of work and heat. It involved stirring water in an insulated vessel, causing its temperature to rise due to molecular collisions. When exposed to the atmosphere, heat was rejected until thermal equilibrium was reached, completing the cycle. Joule's experiments showed that the work done was proportional to the heat transferred.

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    Engineering Thermodynamics

    Unit II

    Notes 17

    Constant volume gas thermometer:-

    It consists of two vertical grass tubes connected By a flexible tube. one end of the glass tube is exposed to atmosphere
    and the other end is in Communication with the gas bulb to a capillary tube, The gas bulb is filled with any gas like
    oxygen, nitro zed, hydrogen and the nanometer is filled with mercury.
    Let P0 is the atmospheric pressure p the density of nanometric liquid H is the a differential head Whenever the
    gas bulb is exposed to any temperature T (which is unknown) then the pressure D is equals to atmospheric pressure +
    pressure due to differential head.
    P = P0 + pgh
    Now expose the gas bulb to the t ripple point temperature (273.16k) At this instaent the pressure acting on the
    gas
    PTRP=P0 +Rgh
    We know that T oe P
    T=CP
    T/P=constant
    Ttrip / Ptrip = constant
    T / P = Ttriple / Ptriple
    T = P / Pptriple X Ttriple
    If the a constant volume gas thermometer is operated with different gasses inside the gas bulb at different
    instances the variation in temperature w.r to pressure is shown in fig

    GMRIT, Rajam.

    P. Sai Chaitanya

    Engineering Thermodynamics

    Unit II

    Notes 17

    If these threads are extrapolated onto the negative X-axis all the lines are intersect with a common point. Which
    indicates the temperature -273.100C i.e. it is the minimum temperature which we can measure using a constant volume
    gas thermometer.

    Joules experiment:Consider certain mass of water inside and adiabatic


    vessel. Which is provided with a pedal wheel and a
    thermometer.
    Let the initial temperature of water is T1 by
    operating the pedal wheel we can stir the water for a period
    of time we can find an observable rising temperature (with
    the collision of water molecules). Let dw is a elemental
    work supply to the system to stir the water.. The
    temperature of the water will raise let this is process 1 to 2
    If the system is exposed to the atmosphere by removing the
    cap, over a finite period of time the system attains thermal
    equilibrium condition with the surroundings. Let this is
    process 2 to 1 and attains the initial state. During this
    process certain quantity of the heat is being rejected to the
    atmosphere. The process (1) to (2) and (2) to (1) combindly
    executes the cycle. Joule connected thousands of
    experiments and the observed that dW oe dQ
    dW = J dQ
    Where J is the joules constant (or) mechanical
    equivalent of the work.

    GMRIT, Rajam.

    P. Sai Chaitanya

    Engineering Thermodynamics

    GMRIT, Rajam.

    Unit II

    Notes 17

    P. Sai Chaitanya

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