The document provides a detailed specification for the operations of a vending machine, including:
- Defining the state as consisting of a cost function mapping products to prices, stock bags tracking inventory, and a float bag tracking money in the machine.
- Initializing sets the cost, stock, and float bags to empty.
- Pricing allows setting the price of an item already in or to be added to stock.
- Restocking adds new products to inventory, with failure reported if an unpriced item is added.
- Buying deducts the cost of a purchased item from entered money and stock if enough money is provided.
The document provides a detailed specification for the operations of a vending machine, including:
- Defining the state as consisting of a cost function mapping products to prices, stock bags tracking inventory, and a float bag tracking money in the machine.
- Initializing sets the cost, stock, and float bags to empty.
- Pricing allows setting the price of an item already in or to be added to stock.
- Restocking adds new products to inventory, with failure reported if an unpriced item is added.
- Buying deducts the cost of a purchased item from entered money and stock if enough money is provided.
The document provides a detailed specification for the operations of a vending machine, including:
- Defining the state as consisting of a cost function mapping products to prices, stock bags tracking inventory, and a float bag tracking money in the machine.
- Initializing sets the cost, stock, and float bags to empty.
- Pricing allows setting the price of an item already in or to be added to stock.
- Restocking adds new products to inventory, with failure reported if an unpriced item is added.
- Buying deducts the cost of a purchased item from entered money and stock if enough money is provided.
The document provides a detailed specification for the operations of a vending machine, including:
- Defining the state as consisting of a cost function mapping products to prices, stock bags tracking inventory, and a float bag tracking money in the machine.
- Initializing sets the cost, stock, and float bags to empty.
- Pricing allows setting the price of an item already in or to be added to stock.
- Restocking adds new products to inventory, with failure reported if an unpriced item is added.
- Buying deducts the cost of a purchased item from entered money and stock if enough money is provided.
specification of a vending machine the sort you buy cans of coke or cigarettes from. First, we need to introduce some types; the first one will be COIN, representing all the coins that are accepted by the machine. COIN == {100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2, 1} That is, there are coins in denominations of 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2, and 1 pence. We will also need a type for system messages this is parachuted in: [REPORT]
Mike Wooldridge
Lecture 16
Software Engineering
Next, we need a type PROD, representing
all the products that the machine can sell. [PROD] We can define the state space of the vending machine thus: VendingMachine cost : PROD 7 IN stock : bag PROD float : bag COIN dom stock dom cost
Mike Wooldridge
Lecture 16
Software Engineering
The function cost return the cost of a
product in pence. For example, cost(MarsBar) = 25 cost(Penguin) = 15 The bag stock tells us how many items of each type are in stock. For example, stock = {Penguin 7 2} means that there are just 2 penguins in the machine. The bag float records the coins that are currently in the machine; for example float = {100 7 2, 50 7 8, 5 7 20} means that there are 2 1 coins, 8 50p coins and 20 5p coins. QUESTION: Why are stock and float bags and not sets or sequences? The invariant dom stock dom cost says that everything in the machine (i.e. in stock) must have a cost associated with it. Mike Wooldridge
Lecture 16
Software Engineering
Operations
Here are the operations we shall specify:
initialising the machine; pricing goods; restocking; buying goods.
Mike Wooldridge
Lecture 16
Software Engineering
Initialisation
InitVendingMachine VendingMachine cost0 = {} stock0 = [ ] float0 = [ ] So initially, the machine does not know the cost of anything, contains nothing, and has no float.
Mike Wooldridge
Lecture 16
Software Engineering
Pricing Goods
This simply means changing the price of
an item in stock, or pricing an item that is going to be stocked. The inputs are the item and a price. Price VendingMachine item? : PROD price? : IN cost0 = cost {item? 7 price?} stock0 = stock float0 = float
Mike Wooldridge
Lecture 16
Software Engineering
Restocking
The next operation to specify is that of
restocking the machine with more goods. The only input is a new bag of products. The precondition dom new? dom cost is implied by the invariant of VendingMachine0. Restock VendingMachine new? : bag PROD stock0 = stock ] new? float0 = float cost0 = cost (Note that ] is the bag union operator.)
Mike Wooldridge
Lecture 16
Software Engineering
We shall now make the operation robust.
The Restock operation fails when an attempt is made to add goods which are not priced. We need a schema to identify this situation. GoodsNotPriced VendingMachine new? : bag PROD rep! : REPORT (dom new? dom cost) rep! = Some goods are not priced
Mike Wooldridge
Lecture 16
Software Engineering
We need an operation to report success...
Success rep! : REPORT rep! = Okay Now, we simply use the schema calculus to specify a robust version of the Restock operation, called RestockOp: d (Restock Success) RestockOP = GoodsNotPriced
complex operation ... The inputs are the chosen item and some money. We have to check that the item is in stock, and that the user has entered enough money to buy it. We may also have to figure out what change to give ...
Mike Wooldridge
11
Lecture 16
Software Engineering
We assume that a function
sum : bag COIN IN is available, which takes a bag of coins and calculates how much is in the bag. For example, given a bag containing 7 2p, and 3 5p coins, sum{2 7 7, 5 7 3} = (2 7) + (5 3) = 14 + 15 = 29pence
represents the change; item? is the item dispensed to the user; the 1st condition says that the item must be in stock; the 2nd condition says that the amount of money entered must be greater than or equal to the cost of the item; the 3rd condition says that the change given must have been part of the float; the 4th condition says that the the money entered must equal the change given plus the cost of the item; the 5th condition says that the stock before must be equal to the stock after, to which is added the dispensed item; the 6th condition says that the float after, together with the change dispensed must equal the float before plus the amount entered (i.e. no money disappears) Mike Wooldridge
Download (Ebook) Ultrasound (Second Edition) by William D. Middleton, Alfred B. Kurtz, Barbara S. Hertzberg ISBN 9780323017022, 0323017029, 2003065106 ebook All Chapters PDF
Download (Ebook) Ultrasound (Second Edition) by William D. Middleton, Alfred B. Kurtz, Barbara S. Hertzberg ISBN 9780323017022, 0323017029, 2003065106 ebook All Chapters PDF
