FCE Result Revised SB

I
Student's Book
Paul A Davies & Tim Falla
OXFORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS
Contents
o The circle of life
Reading
Vocabulary
Grammar
Part 1 Multiple choice
Describing personality
Talking about the

future
Describing natural
landscapes
Verb patterns
page 9
The Jim twins
Wild
Part 3 Multiple matching
Dorn t
e What's so funny?
o Inspired
I l
Part 2 Gapped text
r:xtr m ad]eC't v
Part 2 Gapped text
Films
Simple and continuous

tenses

Impostors
Verbs connected with

speech
Reported speech
Travel
Modal verbs. advice,

abIlity prohibltIon
and obligation
ill
page 33
Real or fake?
page 57
o Journeys
o I get the message
page 69
When tl e mUoilC
takes you
Coas. t c
The verb get
Part 2 Gapped text

The great taste
sensatIOn
Food
Speculating about the

present and past

Ag'ilnst 1111 od Is
Compound adjectives
Relative clauses
Mental activities
Comparatlves and
superlatives
page 81
o
e
A matter of taste
page 93
Going to extremes
page 105
fi All in the mind

page 117
Part 2 Gapped text

d
and become a genius
Ma and machine
Make a difference
page 141
d tl0
1I
parts
page 129
G dqets and th

Perfolming pro :es";s
Achievement and
success
Causative verbs: have,

make, let and get
Lead in
Review
Exam Overview
at the start of every unit
at the end of every unit
page 4
Listening
Speaking
Use of English
Vocabulary
Writing
Part 1
Part 4 Key word

transformations
Using a dictionary
Part 2 An informal letter
Part 2 Sentence
completion
Part 2
Part 2 Open cloze
Collective nouns
Part 1 A formal email
Parts 3 and 4
Part 1 Multiple-choice
cloze
Phra aI verb with
Part 2 A story
Part 2 Open cloze
Phrasal verbs with
Part 2
put
Part 2 A review
take
Part 1
Part 3 Word formation
Idioms connected
with speech
Part 2 An essay
Part 3
Part 4 Key word

transformations
Idioms with come
Part 1 An informal email
and go
Parts 3 and 4
cloze
Phra al verb
Parts 3 and 4
Word pairs
Part 2 A report
Part 2 Sentence
completion
Part 2
Part 4 Key word

transformations
Body idioms
Part 1 A letter
Part 2
Expressions with
Part 1 A letter
mind
Parts 3 and 4
Part 2 Open cloze
Compound nouns
Part 1 A letter of
complaint
Part 2 Sentence
completion
Part 2
cloze
Compound
adjectives
Part 2 An article
Appendix
Writing Guide
Grammar Reference
page 153
page 155
page 163

vervie~
Introduction
The Cambridge English: First (FCE) exam corresponds to Level Three
in the Cambridge ESOL five-level system. It also corresponds to the
Association of Language Teachers in Europe (ALTE) Level Three, and
Council of Europe level B2.
There are five papers in the examination, each worth 20% of the total
marks. To achieve a passing grade (A, B or C) candidates must achieve
approximately 60% of the total marks available, or above. Candidates'
grades are based on the total score from all five papers and there is no
pass or fail grade for individual papers.
Paper 1 Reading (1 hour)

This paper has three parts, each with a text or texts and comprehension
questions. There are 30 questions in total.
The texts may consist of several short pieces, and the length of each text
may be between 550-700 words.
The texts are taken from newspapers, magazines, reports, fiction,
advertisements, leaflets, brochures, etc.
Part
Number of items
What you do
What it tests
How to do it
Choose the best answer from four

option multiple-choice questions.
Your understanding of a text

and opinions expressed in it.
page 10
Decide where sentences belong

in a text.
Your understanding of text

structure and development.
page 94
15
Match prompts from a list to

elements in a text.
Your ability to find specific

information.
page 22
Mar
One mark for each correct answer to the multiple-matching tasks.
Two marks for each correct answer to the multiple-choice and gapped text tasks.
Exam Overview
Paper 2 Writing (1 hour 20 minutes)

This paper has two parts. The Part 1 question is a compulsory letter
or email, and is based on input information. In Part 2 you choose one
question from four; Question 5 has two options on a set reading text.
Answers for Part 1 should be 120- 150 words in length, and for Part 2
120- 180 words .
The task types for Part 2 will be from the following: article, essay, letter,
report, review, story.
Examples of Paper 2 question types can be found in the Writing Guide on
pages 155- 162.
Part
Task type
Number of items
One compulsory task.

Compulsory
contextu alised task
based on input
material of up to 160
words , which could be
from advertisements,
extracts from letters,
emails, et c.
Contextualised task
in no more than 70
words.
One from a choice of four

questions; Question 5
has two options.
What you do
What it tests
How to do it
Write according
to the task
instructions.
Your ability to
process input
material and
select and apply it
according to the
instructions .
page 79
Your ability to write

according to the
instructions, in the
correct style, layout
and register in order
to have a positive
effect on the reader.
page 19
page 55
Ma ks
Parts 1 and 2 have equal marks.
Exam Overview
Paper 3 Use of English (45 minutes)

This paper has four parts, and a total of 42 questions.
The testing focus is on understanding and controlling formal elements of
language (e.g. grammar, word formation, spelling) .
Part
Task type
Number of items
What you do
What it tests
How to do it
Multiple-choice
cloze
12
Fill 12 gaps in a text

choosing from fouroption multiple-choice
items.
Phrases, collocations,
idioms, phrasal verbs,
linkers, used to
complete a text with
the correct meaning
and grammatical
context.
page 89
Open cloze
12
Fill 12 gaps in a
text with one word
per gap.
Your awareness and

control of structural
items.
page 28
Word formation
10
Form appropriate
words from prompts
to complete 10 gaps in
a text.
Word formation.
page 64
Key word
transformations
Complete a gapped
sentence with two to
five words, including
a key word, so that it
has the same meaning
as the lead-in sentence.
Your awareness and

control of grammatical
and lexical items.
page 112
Parts 1, 2 and 3: one mark for each correct answer.

Part 4: each answer receives up to 2 marks .
Exam Overview
Paper 4 Listening (approx. 40 minutes)

This paper has four parts, and 30 questions.
The recorded texts may include the following:
Monologues: announcements, radio broadcasts, telephone messages,
speeches, talks, lectures, etc .
Conversations between two or three speakers: conversations, interviews,
discussions .
The testing focus is on understanding specific information, gist, attitude,
opinion, main points and detail.
All parts are heard twice. The instructions are given on the question
paper and are also heard. The recordings include a variety of voices,
styles of delivery and accents.
Part
Task type
Number of items
What you do
What it tests
How to do it
Multiple choice
Listen to eight unrelated

extracts and choose the
best answer from threeoption multiple-choice
items.
Your understanding of
gist, detail, function ,
purpose, attitude,
situation, genre, etc.
page 50
Sentence
completion
10
Listen to a monologue or
text involving interacting
speakers and complete
gaps in sentences with
information from the text.
Your understanding
of detail, specific
information, stated
opinion.
page 110
Multiple
matching
Listen to five short related

monologues and select
the correct option from a
list of six.
As Part 1.
page 98
Multiple choice
Listen to a monologue or
text involving interacting
speakers and choose the
best answer from threeoption multiple-choice
items.
Your understanding of
opinion, attitude, gist,
main idea, specific
information.
page 14
Marks
One mark for each correct answer.
Spelling must be correct for common words and those considered easy to spell.
Exam Overview
Paper 5 Speaking (approx. 14 minutes)

This paper has four parts.
The standard format is two ca ndidates and two examiners, one acting
as interlocutor and assessor, the other acting as assessor only. In certain
circumstances, three candidates may sit the test together.
Part
Task type
Length
What you do
What it tests
How to do it
A conversation
between the
interlocutor and
each candidate.
3 minutes
Ask and answer

'personal' questions.
Your ability to use

general interactional
and social language.
page 15
Individual long
turns and brief
responses.
1 minute long turn

for each candidate
and 20-second
response from the
second candidate.
Talk about visual

prompts.
Your ability to describe,

compare, express
opinions.
page 123
Two-way
interaction
between
candidates.
3 minutes
Discuss a problemsolving task based

on visual and/or
written prompts .
Your ability to exchange

ideas, express and
justify opinions, agree
and disagree, speculate,
reach a decision through
negotiation, etc.
page 39
A discussion
between
candidates and
the interlocutor.
4 minutes
Discuss issues
related to the
Part 3 topic.
Your ability to express

and justify opinions,
agree and/or disagree.
page 86
Marks
Candidates are assessed on their performance th roughout the test in the
followi ng areas:
Grammar and vocabulary (accuracy and appropriacy)
Discourse management (ability to express ideas in coherent, connected speech)
Pronunciation (individual sounds, linking of words, stress and intonation)
Interactive commu nication (turn-taking, init iating and responding)
Global achievement (overall effectiveness in the tasks)
The assessor marks according to detailed Analytical Scales, the interlocutor gives a
mark on a Global Scale, which is less detailed .
Exam Overview

le of li~
Leadin
1
Name any of the people you recognise in the photos.

Guess who is related and what the relationships are.
Compare your answers to 1 in pairs. Say which

physical features a-g helped you to guess.
a
b
c
d
e
skin tone (fair/dark/tanned)

hair colour (black/ fair/ blond/ red)
hairst yle (curly/ straight)
eye colour (blue/ green/ hazeljbrown)
eyebrows (bushy/ thin)
nose (large/ small/ hooked/ turned up)
g mouth (full/ thin lips)
3 Turn to page 153 to find out the answers to
l.
Work in pairs. Find out from your partner whether
they look like one or both parents.

they look like another relative in some way.
they have a similar personality to
a parent or sibling (brother or sister).
Unit 1
8.-
Reading
Would you like to have an identical twin? What

advantages and disadvantages might there be?
Read the text opposite quickly. Do cases like the 'lim

twins' tell scientists a, b or c?
a why some women give birth to identical twins
b which physical features we inherit from which parent
c how much of our personality we inherit from our
parents
how
odoi
Read the text quickly for general meaning.

Read the questions first. Don't read the options (A-D) yet
Underline the parts of the text that contain the
information you need.
Read the options and look again at the relevant part of
the text. Cross out any options that are clearly wrong.
If you can't decide between two options, make an
intelligent guess.
Read the how to do it box. Then read the text again

carefully, and for questions 1-6, choose the answer
(A, B, e or D) which you think fits best, according
to the text.
1 Scientists are particularly interested in identical
twins who
A have been raised by different families.
B are genetically exactly the same.
e look and behave in very similar ways.
D are not alike in terms of personality.
2 While they were growing up, twins lim Lewis

and lim Springer
A were in regular contact.
B knew about their twin, but had no contact.
e did not know they had ever had a twin.
D were prevented from seeing each other by
their adoptive families.
3 When the two lims met as adults, how did they
react to the similarities between them?
A They had always expected them.
B They found them very amusing.
e They did not realise how similar
they were until the researchers
told them.
D They were very surprised.
4 As adults, the twins
A both had only one child.
B both got married twice.
e had pets with the same name.
D married women who were
identical twins.
5 How do other cases of twins
raised apart compare with the
'lim twins'?
A They are all just as surprising.
B They are less surprising, but
often show interesting
coincidences.
e Many of them are even more
surprising.
D Most of them show that other
pairs of identical twins are not
very similar.
6 According to the text, you might
find it difficult to change your personality
because
A only other people can change it.
B it is determined mainly by how your parents
treat you.
e you can't control your surroundings.
D you get your personality from your parents.
THE
JIM
TWINS
Y
take it for granted that you are a unique

person , different from everybody else on Earth,
and you understand that everybody else is also
unique. Identical twins are fascinating because they
5 challenge this notion: they are unique people, of course,
but they're also unnervingly similar to each other - and
not only in terms of appearance. They often share
opinions, mannerisms and personality traits.
OU
For scientists, the non-physical

similarities between identical twins are
the most interesting: are they the result
of growing up together in the same
home, or are they the result of their
identical DNA? By studying identical
15 twins who have not grown up together,
researchers can see which similarities
remain and which disappear. In other
words, they can learn which aspects
of a person's identity are determined
20 by genes and which are influenced by
the environment. The Minnesota Twin
Study is probably the best-known
twin study to date. The study provides
information about how our environment
25 and genes work together to influence
everything from attitudes, talents and
abilities, to job selection, to falling in
love, to aging and health.
10
Identical twins Jim Lewis and Jim Springer were only

four weeks old when they were separated; each infant
was taken in by a different adoptive family. At age five,
Lewis learned that he had a twin , but he said that the
idea never truly 'soaked in' until he was 38 years old.
Springer learned of his twin at age eight, but both he and
35 his adoptive parents believed the brother had died.
The two Jims were finally reunited at age 39.
45 One Jim had named his son James Allan and the other
Jim had named his son James Alan.

Each twin had driven his light-blue Chevrolet to the
same beach in Florida for family vacations.
50
Both Jims had at one time held part-time posts as

sheriffs.
Both were fingernail biters and suffered from migraine
headaches.
While not as eerily similar as the Jim twins, many more

instances of strange likenesses can be found among
55 twins who were raised apart. For example, identical
twins Tom Patterson and Steve Tazumi had very different
upbringings. Raised in a Christian family by two janitors
in rural Kansas, Tom still managed to choose the same
career as his brother. Steve, who lives in Philadelphia,
60 was raised in a Buddhist household. Both men own
body-building gyms.
It's obvious from these twins' stories that genetics are a
major factor in shaping who we are. In fact, research so
far indicates that characteristics such as personality are
65 mainly related to genes. This means that our character
traits as adults are largely determined before we are born
- and there is very little that we, or anybody else, can do
to change them.
30
Discuss your reaction to the final sentence in the

text, giving reasons. Do you believe it, and if so,
do you think it is a good or bad thing?
The similarities the twins shared not only amazed one

another, but also amazed researchers at the University of
Minnesota. The very fact that both twins were given the
40 same name was a big coincidence. But there's more.
As youngsters, each Jim had a dog named 'Toy'.
Each Jim had been married twice - the first wives
were both called Linda and the second wives were
both called Betty.
Unit 1
G.-
Vocabulary
Grammar
Describing personality
Talking about the future GR p16S
1 In pairs, discuss whether the personality adjectives
1 Choose the best verb form (a-c) to complete
in
a
b
c
the box below are

good
bad
either good or bad
argumentative
arrogant
bossy
easy-going
eccentric
honest
loyal
narrow-minded
open-minded
sensible
sensitive
2 01
Listen to five people describing a friend or

relative. Choose the best adjective from 1 to sum
up their description.
Speaker 1 thinks that her uncle is .......
HHH
Speaker 2 thinks that his brother is .......

Speaker 3 thinks that her friend is
Speaker 4 thinks that her cousin is ......
Speaker 5 thinks that his father is .....
H . H H H
H H H
Read the tip box then think of three people you

know well and describe them to a partner. Use
adjectives from 1 and give examples of their
behaviour.
Example My sister, Belinda, is very sensible. For
example, she always goes to bed early if
she has a busy day the next day.
You may be asked to describe somebody's

. . , character in Writing Part 2 or Speaking Part 1.
When we use personality adjectives to describe
somebody, we often use them with modifying
adverbs like very, a bit, rather, qwte, etc.
sentences 1-7.
1 By the time we get to the nightclub, most
people .... ....... home.
a will go
b are going
c will have gone
2 The train to London ..
at 6.13, so let's meet
at the station at 6 o'clock.
a is going to leave
b leaves'
c is leaving
3 As soon as I save enough money,
....... you a laptop.
a I buy
b I'll buy
c I'll have bought
4 By the time she leaves music school,
........ the piano for 12 years .
she .
a will study
b will be studying
c will have been studying
5 Louis won't be at school tomorrow
because ... . in a swimming tournament.
a he's taking part
b he'll take part
c he takes part
6 This time next month, we ................ around
Thailand.
a will travel
b are travelling
c will be travelling
7 My sister doesn 't feel well, so ..
at home
this afternoon.
a she'll have stayed
b she stays
c she's going to stay
HH
.H
Complete sentences a-g with the tenses below, and

match them with the sentences in 1. Check your
answers in the Grammar Reference.
future continuous
future perfect simple
future perfect continuous
going to future
present continuous
present simple
will/future
a We use the
to talk about things that
we 've arranged to do in the future.
b We use the ...................... to talk about things that
we 've personally decided to do in the future.
to ma ke offers and
c We use the ..
promises and predictions.
to talk about actions in
d We use the ....
progress in the future .
to talk about completed
e We use the ...
actions in the future.
We use the ...................
to talk about future
events that are part of a schedule or timetable.
to say how long future
g We use the .......
actions will have been in progress.
pp
.p
P . P P . P .
P P P
Jacqui
Martin
Jacqui
Martin
.P
What story? Are you telling me what's

going on?
I explain everything as soon as we'll get
to Tripoli. Trust me.
Can't you explain now?
There's no time. But if you don't do as I say,
then by this time tomorrow, every journalist
in town will knock at your door.
5 Read these predictions, ignoring the underlining.

Work in pairs. Tell your partner about something that
a humans can't do now but you think they 'll be
able to do by 2050.
b takes place next summer.
c exists today but will have disappeared by the
year 2050, in your opinion.
d you 're going to do as soon as you can afford it.
e you're doing next week.
Read the dialogue below. Underline any verb forms
that you think are unnatural and replace them
with better alternatives.
Martin
Lucy
Martin
Jacqui
Martin
Jacqui
Martin
Hi, is Jacqui there?

Yes, she is. Wait a moment, I'm just
getting her.
Thanks!
Hi, it's Jacqui here.
This is Martin. Listen carefully, I haven't
got much time. Can you meet me at the
port in one hour? The next boat to Tripoli
will leave at 7.35.
I can't! I'll have dinner with some people from
work this evening. I've just arranged it.
But we must leave tonight! By tomorrow,
the newspapers are going to get hold of
the story. We won't have been able to
move without attracting attention.
Say which ones you believe are true or false for

you. Give reasons.
a I don't think I'll ever appear on television.
b I reckon I'll write a novel one day.
c I don't imagine I'll be earning much money in
five years' time.
d I guess I'll be living in this town in ten years'
time.
In pairs, talk about your ideas for your future

using the questions below. Try to use some of the
underlined phrases from 5 in your answers.
a Do you think you'll ever
experience space travel?
work abroad?
have a face-lift?
become a politician?
own a Ferrari?
b In five years ' and 25 years ' time,
what kind of
house will you be living in?
clothes will you be wearing?
hobbies will you be doing?
holiday will you be going on?
job will you be doing?
Unit 1
G.-
Listening
Imagine that scientists could develop an

'immortality pill' that allowed people to live
forever. Discuss these questions.
a Would you take it? Why/ Why not?
b Would you want everyone to take it? Why/ Why not?
bow to do it
--
You will have one minute to look at the questions.

Read as much as you can in that time.
As you listen for the first time, mark the options that
you think are correct.
Use the second listening to check your answers.
02
You will hear an excerpt from a radio

programme about living forever. Read the how to
do it box, then listen and choose the best answers
for 1-5.
1 According to some scientists, technology that
allows people to live for thousands of years
A already exists.
B will definitely exist within 30 years.
C may exist within 30 years.
2 According to the speaker, why are scientists
closer to finding this technology?
A They are beginning to understand why and
how our bodies age.
B Medical technology is improving quickly.
C There are more old people in our societies.
3 According to some people, immortality would
have a negative effect because
A we would soon use up all the earth's natural
resources.
B everybody would stop caring about the
environment.
C the earth would become very overcrowded.
4 Some people say that immortality would be
pointless because
A only the very rich would be able to afford it.
B you wouldn't use your time carefully.
C you would only remember a part of your life.
-.e
Unit 1
5 You might never fall in love if you were

immortal because
A the most powerful human feelings come from
knowing that we will not be here forever.
B you would get bored with everybody that
you've met.
C the technology would change the way in
which your brain experiences emotions.
3 Discuss what age you would choose to be if you

could stay the same age forever. Give reasons.
Think about the following.
appearance
daily routine
independence
health
wealth
wisdom
Speaking
Part 1
Read questions a-f below, then match each one

with a pair of words (1-6) that you might hear
in the answer.
a Do you enjoy spending time alone?
(Why/Why not?)
b What do you use the Internet for?
c Tell me about a close friend .
d Tell me about the most beautiful place you have
ever visited.
e Do you prefer physical or mental challenges?
f What's your favourite TV programme and why?
Choose the correct word to complete these phrases

from the listening in 2. Then say whether each
phrase shows the end of an answer or a contrast.
a ... from/ in my view, anyway.
b That's my opinion/ thought, anyway.
c But on another/ the other hand ...
d So, at/ in short ...
e But at the one/same time, ...
f Although I must admit/ advise that ...
g And that's about it/ that, really.
h Having said it/ that, ...
So all for/ in all ...
Write two questions on each of these topics.

a future plans
b family
c daily routine
d where you live
Read the how to do it box, and in pairs ask and

answer questions from 1 and 4.
1 research
2
3
4
5
6
downloading
scenery spectacular
dramas plot
share solitary
easy-going loyal
satisfying achievement
2 03
Listen to six different students answering

the questions in 1. Put questions a-f in the order
that you hear the answers, using the words you
matched them with to help you.
3
4
how to do it
Listen carefully to the question and try to repeat at

least one of the key words in your reply
Speak clearly and look at the person you are talking to.
Try to include some set phrases like the ones in 3.
Unit 1
G.
Use of English
Part 4 Key word transformations
Read the tip box below, then match the underlined

phrases in sentences a- f with 1-6.
a More than 200 countries will take part in the
London Olympic Games.
b When preparing for a hike, it's important to
take into account what the weather will be like.
c At the age of one, a baby is just starting to
make sense of the world around him.
d Marianne agreed to be home by midnight
because she didn't want to have a row with her
parents .
e It 's arrogant to make fun of other people's
achievements.
Several factors play a part in the success or
failure of a film .
1 argue
2 consider
3 be a cause of
4 laugh at
5 join in
6 understand
Phrases like those underlined in 1 usually

. , appear in dictionaries under the noun rather
than the verb. You may have to read the entry
carefully to find them.
Using a dictionary, find verbs to replace 1-6

in the text below.
Last weekend, I organised an 80th birthday
party fo r my grandfather. Two of my brothers
agreed to 11end a hand with the prepa rations.
Our sister Rachel was out of the country
at the time. My grandfather has so many
grandchildren now, he sometimes 210ses track
of their names, but Rachel has always been
a favour ite. I 3let her know about the party,
and she 4 got in touch with our grandfather
on the day to Ssay sorry for not being there.
She 6gave him her word that she would visit
him as soon as she returned home.
-.0
Unit 1
3 Rewrite each sentence a-f keeping the meaning the

same. Use two to five words including the word given.
a Students at the summer school are expected to
participate in leisure activities.
part
Students at the summer school are expected
. ................. leisure activities.
to ..
b Stubborn people often find it difficult to
apologise for their mistakes.
sorry
Stubborn people often find it difficult
........ their mistakes.
c Considering that my grandmother is so old, her
memory is ama zing.
account
If you .. ................................................................... old my
grandmother is, her memory is ama zing.
d Contacting a doctor on a Sunday can be difficult.
touch
It can be difficult to ....
with a doctor on a Sunday.
e When he first moved to London, some of the
children at school used to laugh at his accent.
make
When he first moved to London, some of the
children at school used to
...
his accent.
When she invited us for dinner, we promised
that we wouldn't be late.
word
When she invited us for dinner, we ..
.............. Jhat we wouldn't be late.
Vocabulary
Using a dictionary
1 Read the two dictionary entries opposite. Find at
belt
least one example of a-h.
()ow /belt/ noun, verb

noun 1 ..,. a long narrow piece of leather, cloth, etc. that
you wear around the waist: to do up/fas ten/tighten a
belt <> a belt buckle :> VISUAL VOCAB page VSl :> see also
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
BLACK BELT, LlFEBELT, SEAT BELT , SUSPENDER BELT
2 a continuous band of material that moves round and is

used to carry things along or to drive machinery :> see a lso
CONVEYOR BELT, FAN BELT 3 an area with particular
characteristics or where a particular group of people live :
the country's corn/industrial belt <> We live in the commuter belt. <> a belt of rain moving across the country
:> see also GREEN BELT 4 (informal) an act of hitting sth/
sb hard: She gave the ball a terrific belt.
IIllD below the 'belt (of a remark) unfair or cruel: That was
distinctly below the belt! ,belt and 'braces (informal) taking more actions than are really necessary to make sure
that sth succeeds or works as it should : a belt-and-braces
policy have sth under your 'belt (informal) to have already achieved or obtained sth: She already has a couple
of good wins under her belt. :> more at TIGHTEN
verb 1 - sb/sth (informal) to hit sb/sth hard: He belted the
ball right out of the park. <> I'll belt you if you do that again.
2 [I] + adv./p rep. (informal, especially BrE) to move very
fast ffiD tear: A truck came belting up behind us. 3 [T]
- sth to fasten a belt around sth: The dress was belted at
the waist.
IlImD ,belt sth ...... out (informal) to sing a song or play
music loudly ,belt 'up (BrE) 1 (NAmE ,buckle 'up )
(informal) to fasten your SEAT BELT (= a belt worn by a
passenger in a vehicle) 2 (informal) used to tell sb rudely
to be quiet ffiD shut up : Just belt up, wil/you!
pale ()ow /perl/ adj., verb, noun

adj. (pal e r, pal est) 1 ..,. (of a person, their face, etc. ) having skin that is almost white; having skin that is whiter
than usual because of illness, a strong emotion, etc: a pale
complexion <> pale with fear <> to go/turn pale <> You look
pale. Are you OK? <> The ordeal left her looking pale and
drawn. 2 ..,. light in colour; containing a lot of white: pale
blue eyes <> a paler shade of green <> a pale sky <!ID dark,
deep 3 ..,. (of light) not strong or bright: the cold pale light
of dawn :> see also PALLID, PALLOR ~ palely /, peIlli/
adv.: Mark stared palely (= with a pale face) at his plate.
pa le ness noun [U]
verb [I] - (at sth) to become paler than usual : She (= her
face ) paled visibly at the sight of the police car. <> The blue of
the sky paled to a light grey.
IIllD 'pale beside/next to sth I 'pale in/ by comparison
(with/ to sth ) I 'pale into insignificance to seem less important when compared with sth else: Last year's riots pale
in comparison with this latest outburst of violence.
noun
IIllD be,yond the 'pale considered by most people to be
unacceptable or unreasonable: His remarks were clearly beyond the pale.
Oxford Advanced Learner 's Dictionary, 8th edition
a synonym Ca word with the same meaning)

an opposite
an idiom
a meaning which only exists in British English
an American English equivalent
an informal expression
a phrasal verb
an impolite expression
Match the underlined words in a-f with the

relevant part of the dictionary entries. Give the
part of speech and number.
a NASA is planning to send a probe to explore the
asteroid belt.
b When Julie arrived home, she looked pale and
worried.
c The pale winter sun provided little warmth.
d A police car came belting round the corner with
its siren on.
e I don't think giving the TV a belt is going to
make it work!
f Unusually, she has dark skin and pale blue eyes.
3 Rewrite sentences a-f replacing the underlined

words with one of the dictionary entries opposite.
Example When his car wouldn't start, he hit it.
When his car wouldn't start, he gave it
a belt.
a Drivers and passengers should fasten their
seatbelts even for short journeys.
b Just shut up! I can't hear myself think!
c His salary is nothing in comparison with the
amount of money his wife earns.
d Some of the comedian's jokes were completely
unacceptable.
e The van was tearing along the motorway
at 140 kph.
f As the last song of the concert, the band loudly
performed America the Beautiful.
Unit 1
G.-
Writing
Part 2 An informal letter
Read the end of Chloe's letter opposite and Megan's

reply below it. Underline eight words which are
too formal and think of less formal alternatives.
Anywoy thot'$ enovgh obovt me. Whot ore yovr

plon$ ~~r the $vmmer7 Pleo$e write ond te ll me .
Be5t wi$he$
Chloe
Read Megan's letter again and say which of these

activities she is planning to do during the summer
holidays.
a buy some new clothes
e hang out with friends
b do nothing for a week
learn to surf
c do some schoolwork
g look for a job
d go abroad
h take exams
3 Divide the main part of Megan's letter into these

four paragraphs.
a the immediate future
b a trip abroad
c getting a job
d questions for Chloe
Dear C.hloe
I fini.5h fY)!j end-o-f-!jear ex,afY)inatiOn.5 On 14th
June, and then I'fY) On hOlida!j -for eiSht wee/::...5!

I can't wait! I'll reall!j need a SOOd re.5t,
there-fore I'fY) soins to .5pend the fir.5t week.

do ins ab.50Iute/!j nothins! Later in the .5UfY)fY)er,
I'll be vi.5 iti ns ""'!:1 unc.le, who re.5ide.5 in Itaf!:J,
-for a couple o-f week..5. I haven't sot .5u-fficient
Find a formal word in each of the sentences below

and replace it with a less formal word.
a All I have to do is assist with the housework
while I'm there.
b I've even informed my friends that I don't want
to go out that week!
c You know, the one who resembles Penelope Cruz.
d I need to earn some funds before the next
school year begins.
Match sentences a-d from 4 with each of the four
paragraphs in Megan's letter.
fY)one!j -for the plane tick.et, but luck.il!j fY)!j unc.le

ha.5 o-f-fered to purcha.5e it -for fY)e. l-Ie'.5 .50
senerou.5! l-Ie'lI be worKins while I'fY) there, .50
I'll have hi.5 hou.5e (and .5wifY)fY)ins pool) to fY)!j.5e/-f!
A.5 .500n a.5 I set back. -frofY) Ital!j, I'fY) soins to
look. -for efY)pIO!jfY)ent. H!j brother will have le-ft
hi.5 job at the lei.5ure centre to COfY)fY)ence hi.5
univer.5it!j desree, .50 hope-fulI!j the!j'1I be look.ins
-for .50fY)ebod!j to replace hifY)! Plea.5e write and
tell fY)e what !jour plan.5 are -for the .5UfY)fY)er.
Are !jou So ins to vi.5it that Spani.5h sirl !jou
encountered at Ea.5ter-;>
Lot.5 o-f love,
Make a list of activities, real or imaginary, that

you plan to do this summer. Try to think of three
for each of these topics.
a travel
b sports and hobbies
c work and study
d time with friends
Make a paragraph plan. Choose the most interesting

of your ideas for each topic in 6. Then add notes to
give more details of times, places, people, etc.
Imagine you received a letter from an Englishspeaking friend, ending like Chloe's in 1. Read the
how to do it box, then write your own answer,
using your plan from 7.
how to do it
Read the task carefully and underline the key words .

Brainstorm ideas and select the best ones.
Organise your ideas and make a paragraph plan.
Link sentences and paragraphs where appropriate .
Review
1
Complete sentences a-f with the most appropriate

adjective from 1-6.
1 bossy
2 loyal
3 sensible
argumentative
5 sensitive
6 easy-going
a Be careful what you say to Harry - he 's quite

.. and gets upset very easily.
b You're always telling me what to do . I wish you
weren't so ... ......h !
c Hannah is a verY
h. . ... friend - I know I
can always rely on her to be there for me.
d Kelly is so .h . h..... h... h.h.hh.h .... that she never really gets
angry or upset about anything.
e Judy is very ..
............. - she'll ask somebody
the time and then disagree with them.
Think carefully before you make a decision. I
know that you will, you're very . .................... .
Complete the text with the missing verbs.
::rr:~:~i:::~i~~ ~ith
an important part
in our lives, and help us to
2 ................. sense of the world.
Megan has been a close

friend of mine since primary
school, and we're always
together. In fact, some of
our classmates 3 ...
fun of us, saying that

we're like identical twins.
Occasionally, we 4 .....
a row, but we never really
fall out. The important thing
Correct any mistakes with the underlined verb

forms in five of these sentences.
is being able to 5
a Let's meet at the theatre tonight. The play ~

starting at 7.30.
b I'll probably be exhausted by the time I reach
Edinburgh because I'll have been driving all morning.
c I can't go shopping with you tomorrow morning
- I'll have my hair cut.
d By the time the next World Cup comes around,
some of our most talented footballers
won't have played any longer.
e I'll be standing here until you
apologise for what you just said.
Will you have been leaving by the time we get to
the hotel?
are in the wrong.
Complete the sentences with the present or future

simple of the verb in brackets.
hh (arrive), we 'll let you
a As soon as we h
know.
b It 's impossible to be sure, but I don't think she
... h........ h. (lose) her job.
(be) amazed if Real Madrid don't
c I.
win tonight's match.
d The doctors are keeping me in hospital until
they ..
. .. h (know) what the problem is.
e The more money you spend now, the less you
..................... (have) for your holiday next week.
Do you think your brother .h ... hhh.h.h ............... (help) us
with our homework, if we ask him nicely?
-.0
Unit 1
sorry, if you know you
Rewrite each sentence a- d keeping the meaning

the same. Use two to five words including the
word given.
a Before we made a final decision, we considered
everybody's opinion.
account
........ h.. h... before making a final
We ..
decision.
b Will you promise me that you won't tell anybody?
word
........ that you won't
Will you .....
tell anybody?
c I contacted an old school friend after seeing his
details on a website.
touch
Having seen an old school friend 's details on
a web site, I h
.... h.h .. h him.
d Only people who have participated in a triathlon
can fully understand the excitement.
part
The only way to understand fully the excitement
of a triathlon is
. h. .....
.. one.
il
Leadin
1 0
Listen to five people talking about where they live.

For each one say if they
live in a city.
live in the countryside.
are happy with where they live.
2 04
Choose the correct word to complete each

sentence a-g from the listening in 1. Then listen
again a nd check.
a The sight/ view from my bedroom window is
fantastic.
b I'm right/ very in the midd le of everything.
c The scene/scenery aro und here is amazing.
d I feel so insulated/ isolated here.
e There are no features/ facilities nearby.
f There's no sense of community/ society.
g I love the peace and quiet/quietness.
Describe the photos and say how life would be

different in each place. Use these adjectives to
help you.
busy
noisy
cosmopolitan crowded isolated

peaceful rural urban
In pairs, take it in turns to describe where

you live and what you like or dislike about it.
Include words and phrases from 2 and 3
if possible.
Unit 2
fa.-
Reading
Look at the photos. Using a dictionary if necessary,

say which of the four animals shown
a walk on all fours.
b lives in a herd.
c eats roots and nuts.
d is a herbivore.
e has hands with palms.
might help a shepherd.
You are going to read about four children who were

raised by animals. Read the text quickly to find out
a where each child was found.
b how old each child was when they were found.
hoW oot
-3
Read the whole text once. If there are no section

headings, it may help to add your own.
Read the questions. Answer any that you can
immediately and underline the relevant parts of the
text. You do not need to read these again.
Read each section of the text carefully, looking for
answers to all the remaining questions
Read the how to do it box. Then read the text

again carefully, and for questions 1-15, choose from
the children A-D. The children may be chosen
more than once.
Which child
1 could run and jump very fast?
2 looked younger when captured than he really
was?
3 claims a group of wild animals gave him food?
4 hardly ever stood upright?
5 eventually returned to live in his family home?
6 had unusual feet?
7 was not familiar with some common kinds
of food?
8 has been seen by many different experts?
9 did not go back to live with humans?
10 was very violent towards the people who
captured him?
11 learned from animals how to look for things
to eat?
12 was taken by a wild animal when very young?
13 only seemed to eat plants?
14 reacted like a wild animal to sudden sounds?
15 copied the social rules and body language of
the animals he lived with?
- . G Unit 2
Find phrasal verbs a-f in the text and use the

context to match them with their meanings (1-6) .
a bring up (1. 1)
1 find
b come across (1. 6)
2 remove
3 take care of
c come up to (1. 12)
4 raise (a child)
d take away (1. 38)
e keep up (1. 46)
5 approach
look after (1. 62)
6 go at the same speed
Use the ideas below to discuss what feral children

might find difficult about rejoining society.
eating and drinking

games and playing
family and friends
school and education
BO~
rOBE
L
For centuries, people have told stories about children who were brought up by animals
and became like animals themselves: so-called 'feral children'. Tarzan of the Apes and
The Jungle Book are two famous fictional accounts. There are many other accounts which
claim to be true, although it is sometimes difficult to separate fact from fantasy and folklore.
One day in 1991, a Ugandan villager called Milly Sebba

5
went further than usual in search of firewood, and came
across a little boy with a group of monkeys. She summoned
help and the boy was captured and brought back to Milly's
village. A villager identified the boy as John Sesebunya, last
seen in 1988 at the age of two or three. Later, John claimed 10
that he had got lost in the forest, and that he remembered
monkeys coming up to him after a few days and offering
him roots and nuts. The pack of five monkeys taught him,
he says, to search for food and to climb trees. John has been
studied by a host of scientists, who are convinced that he is 15
a genuine feral child. When left with a group of monkeys
he avoids eye contact and approaches them from the side
with open palms, just as monkeys do.
40
A leopard-boy was reported by EC Stuart Baker in the
Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society Ouly 1920).
According to his report, the boy was stolen from his parents
by a leopardess in the North Cachar Hills in India in about
1912, and three years later he was recovered and identified.
At that time, the child, who was now five, could run on
45
all fours so fast that an adult man could barely keep up.
His knees had hard skin on them and his toes were bent
upright, almost at right angles to his feet. The palms of his
hands and pads of his toes and thumbs were also covered
with very tough skin. When he was first caught, he bit
50
and fought with everyone. Ifhe came across a chicken in
the village, he caught it, tore it into pieces and ate it with
astonishing speed, just like a wild animal.
Jean-Claude Auger, an anthropologist from the Basque

country, was travelling alone across the Spanish Sahara
in 1960 when he met some Nemadi nomads. They told
him about a young boy who lived with a herd of gazelles.
After searching for several days, Auger managed to
find the herd and the boy. The boy was about 10
years old and walked on all fours, only standing
occasionally. Whenever there was an unexpected
noise, he twitched his nose and ears, just like
the rest of the herd. One senior female
seemed to act as his adoptive mother.
He would eat roots with his teeth and
appeared to be herbivorous. When
Auger chased the boy in a jeep to see
how fast he could run, he reached a
speed of 50 kilometres per hour, with
leaps of about four metres. Unlike most
of the feral children of whom there are
records, the gazelle boy was never
taken away from his wild
companions.
A feral child was caught in the Brasov region of

Transylvania, Romania, in February 2002. Early one
55
morning, shepherd Manolescu loan came upon a naked,
wild-eyed child living in a cardboard box and covered
with a plastic sheet. Manolescu reported his find to the
police, who later captured the boy. It was believed he had
lived alone in the forest for years, but doctors thought
60
that he must have had some protection; perhaps he had
been looked after by some of the many wild dogs in the
region. He was the size of a normal four-year-old, but
his missing front milk teeth suggested an actual age of
seven. He ate whatever he was given, but didn't recognise 65
fruit. About a week after his capture, he was identified as
Traian Caldarar, lost three years
earlier at the age of four. After
being re-educated at an orphanage
in Brasov, he was reunited with
70
his mother, who lived in a remote
village a few kilometres from
\ where he had been found.
20
25
30
35
'!~
.-
Vocabulary
Describing natural landscapes
1
Look at the photos. Say whether there are

landscapes like these in your country and where,
and in which other countries you might find them.
Identify one word which doesn't belong in each

group a-e. Then explain the difference between
the three words in the same group. Use a
dictionary if necessary.
valley
a dune
mountain hill
pond
b lagoon desert
lake
c field
forest
wood
jungle
d beach shore
coast
plain
e bush
hedge
waterfall tree
3 Match as many of the nouns in 2 as possible with

the photos.
4 Imagine that you want to do the activities below

with a friend from England. Say where in your
country would be particularly good to do each one
and why.
mountain biking
kayaking
climbing
walking
wind-surfing
Grammar
Verb patterns GR p167
1
Read the first paragraph of the article opposite,

which is about survival in the wilderness.
Underline all the examples of infinitives (with
and without to) and -ing forms, and circle the
verbs which come immediately before them.
Put the verbs that you circled in 1 into Group A

or B, depending on the verb pattern.
Group A
Group B
verb + -ing form enjoy

verb + infinitive expect
Complete gaps 1-12 in the article with the

infinitive or -ing form of the verbs in brackets.
For each of 1-4, decide which sentence, a or b,

makes most sense in the gap.
1
I'm sure he's very interesting.

a I wish my neighbour would stop talking.
b I wish my neighbour would stop to talk.
2 .................... He therefore had no way of getting in
touch with her.
a He didn't remember to write down the
woman's phone number.
b He didn't remember writing down the
woman's phone number.
3 ..................... However, the room still felt too hot.
a He tried to open the window.
b He tried opening the window.
4 William Faulkner began his career by writing
short stories . ..
a He went on to write novels.
b He went on writing novels.
Complete these sentences in two different ways,

once with an infinitive and once with an -ing
form. Try to use a different verb each time.
a
b
c
d
When I leave school, I'll go on ...

I wish people would stop .. .
I think I should try .. .
I'll always remember .. .
Wi'l..l>ERNESS
Many peoPle~vtravelling through wild and deserted
landscapes, but ew @~o end up in a genuine
survival situation. The unexpected occasionally happens,
however, so you should be prepared. Imagine finding
yourself in the middle of a wilderness with a brokendown jeep and hardly any food and water. What should
your priorities be? Should you stay with your vehicle and
hope to be rescued? Or should you search for civilisation
and risk getting even more lost? Should you spend time
searching for water or food first? Or should you postpone
worrying about food and water until you have managed
to find or build a shelter? If you are not sure, keep
reading - this article could save your life!
Do not put off 1 ............. (make) a shelter - it should

be your first priority. Try 2 .............. (enlarge) an existing,
natural shelter, such as a hole in the ground below a
fallen tree. If you happen 3 ..... ...
(be) near a rocky
coast, build a shelter and cover it with wood from the
beach. If you are on the move, stop 4 ................. (build) your
shelter while it is still light.
If you fail 5 .. ........... (find) water, you will only survive for
about three days (whereas you can survive for weeks
without food). If there is no rain, try 6 .... ....... (walk)
through vegetation early in the morning to collect
moisture in clothing. Avoid 7 ........... (drink) water that
looks or smells bad.
Fire has many uses. It makes food more appetising. If you

can't face 8 .................. (eat) raw worms, boil them in water to
make a nourishing soup! Fire protects against dangerous
animals, since many will not dare 9 . ............. (approach) it.
And you can also use it for signalling to rescuers - before
they give up 10. . .... (look) for you!
It is quite easy to get food in the wild, if you know where

to look. Many survival books suggest H ............. (eat)
a small amount of unknown plants to test if they are
poisonous. However, we do not recommend 12................. (do)
this, since some plants are so poisonous that even a very
small amount can cause serious health problems.
.1,
Unit 2
Listening
Part 2 Sentence completion
Read the paragraph below and explain in your own words what 'Wilderness Therapy' is.
Wilderness
them and their families find a new beginning'. Life there
is not easy - it certainly isn't a ho1iday. During their stay, the
students live a nomadic lifestyle, walking five to
10 kilometres each day from camp to camp. They have
to build their own shelters for sleeping in, cook their own
food and wash their own clothes: in short, to take full
responsibility for their survival. They also learn how to
work together in a group to solve problems. In the evenings,
they sit round the fire and talk about their experiences.
Education is an important part of RedCliff Ascent, and it
focuses on seven key values: courage, self-discipline, respect,
honesty, work ethic, trust and compassion.
work ethi
st
compassi
2 05
Listen once to the stories of two teenagers, Rachael and Ed, to find out who had the more positive
experience at RedCliff Ascent.
5 Listen again and complete sentences 1-10.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Many of the teenagers who go to RedCliff Ascent have broken the ............................................ .
The parents of many of the teenagers had no idea how to
.... ..... their children.
At school, Rachael had been keen on long-distance ..
After returning from RedCliff, Rachael decided that she wanted to work with .................................................... .
Rachael continues to have a good relationship with her ..
Rachael's mother thinks that now Rachael looks really ..
Ed caused so many problems for his family that he had to find another ................................................ ..
Ed's mother, lane, says that Ed always wants more ................................................... .
Two weeks after the camp finished, Ed once again started ..................................................... .
Ed's mother is hopeful that his second stay at RedCliff will be ..
. ......................... .
Discuss why you think Wilderness Therapy is successful for many out-of-control teenagers.
-.0
Unit 2
11
Speaking
Part 2
Look at the photos. Say whether sentences a-f describe photo 1,

photo 2 or both.
a The people appear to be exploring a remote landscape.
b The weather is bright and sunny.
c There is a lot of dense vegetation.
d They're higher than some of the clouds.
e The ground is hard and rocky.
f There are snow-capped mountains in the distance.
Describe what the people are doing and wearing by making

a sentence about photo 1 or photo 2 using a-j.
a
b
c
d
e
jungle
mountain range
mountain bikes
on foot
in single file
side by side
g long-sleeved jackets
h short-sleeved T-shirts
spectacular scenery
dense vegetation
(\ Listen to five people talking about the photos. Say which

photo each speaker is talking about and note down the words
that give you the answers.
6 Listen again and complete these phrases.
a I think the people could be feeling quite ................... .
b Personally, I would be ................ in their situation.
c l ..
that they might be feeling quite tired .
.. of achievement you get from climbing up
d I love that .
really high.
e It looks as ............... they're quite bored.
f I hate the ..................... of not being able to see very far ahead.
g They
... be feeling excited.
h They're ................ feeling a bit hot and sweaty.
5 Compare the photos and say

a which holiday activity is more challenging, and why.
b why you think the people chose each particular type of holiday.
c which holiday you would enjoy more, and why.
Use of English
Part 2 Open cloze
Phrases a and b can complete sentences 1-6

below, with similar meanings. Choose the
correct preposition for each phrase, using
a dictionary if necessary.
Many teenagers are ..... .. . Internet chat rooms.

a addicted on/ to
b hooked on/ to
People who smoke are .... ...... developing
serious health problems .
a at/ in danger of
b at/in risk of
The streets in the town centre are ..
litter.
a full of/with
b covered of/ with
Nobody knew ........... his strange
behaviour at the restaurant.
b the cause of/ for
a the reason of/ for
The head teacher wanted to introduce
school uniforms, but most of the teachers
were not
a in/ of agreement
b in/ of the same
opinion
To be truly a great artist you cannot be ..... .
failure.
a frightened with/of b worried about/ of
veryone loved Knut. The three-month-old polar bear,

born in (0)()11t: of Berlin's zoos, became a star in the
German capital and won fans (1) .................... over the world.
Impossible not to adore the little guy, right? Well, not
quite. Animal rights activists weren't so in love
(2) ....... ....... the polar bear baby. They were concerned
that Knut, who was raised by human hand after his
mother rejected him, was (3) .................. danger
of losing touch with his natural
identity. Some people (4) ...
like to have seen him dead.
'Raising a wild animal (5) ...

hand is against animal welfare
laws,' animal rights activist
Frank Albrecht told the press.
'The zoo needs to kill the bear
cub,' he added. Unsurprisingly,
this view was not popular
(6) .............. the general public.
But Wolfram Graf-Rudolf, director
of the Aachen Zoo, was (7) .................. the
same opinion, although he felt it was (8) ..................... late to
put Knut out of his supposed misery. 'The mistake has
been made. They should (9) ................... had the courage to
kill him much earlier,' he said.
Prepositions are often difficult to use correctly

. . , because there are few rules. Try to learn them
as part of longer phrases
Choose the correct prepositions to complete a-i.

a My girlfriend arrived at/ to the cinema ten
minutes late.
b Whether progress is always a good thing
depends of/ on your point of view.
c People usually dress in/ with colourful
clothes at carnivals .
d The protests have had no effect on/ to the
government.
e Madonna was married to/ with a film
director.
f This shirt was made with/ by hand.
g The film Titanic is based in/on a true story.
h Australians are very good at/ in many sports.
Some web sites are popular all across/ over
the world.
The zoo reported that little Knut became a bit of a

handful as (10) ................... got bigger - suggesting that
the bear was maybe not as human (11) .. .. .. .. some
people feared. 'His keeper is covered (12) ..
bruises, which shows that Knut has discovered he is a
bear,' said the zoo's management.
Read the how to do it box. Then read the text again

carefully and complete gaps 1-12 with one word each.
how to do it
G Unit 2
Read the text quickly, ignoring the gaps, to find out

why some people thought Cute Knut should not have
been allowed to live.
Read the title and the text quickly for the general
meaning. Don't fill in any gaps yet.
Read the text again, slowly, and try to fill in the missing
words. Look at the words around the gap and try to work
out what part of speech the missing word is .
Read the completed text to check your spelling and
overall sense.
Discuss whether zoos are a good or bad thing,

giving examples .
Vocabulary
Collective nouns
1 Put these nouns into groups a-d according to their
collective nouns.
bananas
birds
elephants
a
b
c
d
a
a
a
a
flowers
cards
dogs
cows
sheep
flock of
herd of
pack of
bunch of
Match nouns a-h with the groups of people they describe (1-8).
a audience
b cast
c crew
d crowd
e gang
panel
g staff
h team
1 people acting in a play or film

2 people who play sport together, or work
together
3 people working in an organisation
4 people watching a film, concert, play, etc .
5 a group of experts
6 a large group of people
7 people working on a ship or a plane
8 a group of people who may cause trouble
Complete these sentences with collective

nouns from 1 and 2.
a Apparently a fight broke out last night
between two ...................................... of foo tball
fans.
b As we ate our lunch in the park, a ..
of pigeons circled round and landed
next to us.
c We had to stop the car when we
came across a farmer driving a
H . H ....................... of cows down the lane.
d Hospital .............H
......... have threatened
to go on strike unless they receive a
pay rise.
of the show includes
e The
some big Hollywood stars.
f I always send my girlfriend a ..
of roses on Valentine's Day.
g A ....................................... gathered outside the
cinema, hoping to see the stars at the
film premiere.
h The
sat spellbound
throughout the entire concert.
H
HHH
Unit 2
G.-
Writing
Part 1 A formal email
Read the email below to find out what two questions Jennifer has about
the archaeological expedition.
ew Message
C
Attolch
To:
From:
=T
Subject:
Add re ss
Fonts
Cotors
Solve As Drolft
INFO@HUARODIG
JENNIFER MASON
ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXPEDITION TO HUARO VALLEY
I recently saw your advertisement requesting volunteers for the forthcoming

archaeological dig in Peru , and I should very much like to take part in the exped ition .
Although I hold no formal qualifications in archaeology, I have been on a number of
archaeological digs and have acquired a good knowledge of the processes involved.
I consider myself to be a good team player and am also enthusiastic and adventurous.
I have two queries about the expedition. Firstly, it wasn't clear exactly how long volunteers
were expected to stay in Peru. Secondly, could you give me a clearer impression of the
level of physical challenge the holiday would involve? Although I am physically fit , I would
not consider myself particu larly athletic. Would I be able to cope with th is expedition?
I would be grateful if you could address these queries before the weekend , as I am keen
t o finalise my holiday plans soon.
Thank you.
Jennifer Mason
Find these words in the email, which are all quite

formal, and explain their meaning.
a requesting
e impression
b forthcoming
f challenge
c hold
g address
d acquired
Ifft\
Emails can be formal or informal, depending on

. . , who is writing to who. Use language appropriate
to the context and do not mix registers.
- . G Unit 2
3 Match the beginnings (a-e) and endings (1- 5) of

these requests for information, and explain the
meaning of the underlined words.
a I am writing to request
b I would be most grateful if
c A prompt reply to this email
d I look forward to
e Further to our recent telephone conversation,
1 hearing from you .
2 you could respond to these queries swiftly.
3 could you clarify how much money you require
as a deposit?
4 further information about the trip featured on
your website.
5 would be appreciated.
Imagine you have seen this advertisement on a website. Read it along with your notes.
Then write an email of 120-150 words volunteering to take part and requesting information.
We are looking for volunteers to join a conservation

expedition to a remote region of Costa Rica . We will be
researching wildlife in the rainforest and in the waters
Members will camp out in groups far away from towns and
villages. There is no road access - all journeys are made
by kayak and sea canoe. Every expedition member should
therefore be physically fit and a strong swimmer.
Yes. G-tve ciefa.tls.
~Wledge of Spanish is desirable for this
Ba.sIG Spa.flISh.
G-tve ciefaAs.
expedition as this would allow you to interact with the

local community more easily. No previous experience of
conservation is required as full training will be given on
the two-week introductory course.
~apPIY
Where a.flci whefl?
0'
,eod a q"e,y diek 00 the liok below.
Info@conservationexpedltions
Unit 2
ED .-
Review
1
For a-e form words from the letters in brackets to

complete the sentences.
a The ... . .......................... (lawratfel) plunged 100 metres
into the ............ .................... (lavyel) below.
b To reach the lost city, the explorers had to swim
across a wide ..
...... (noolag) and cut through
thick ..
.. (lenjug) .
c Although the ...
. ......... (toasc) is very beautiful,
there are few ...
. ...... (scebaeh) where you can
swim safely.
d Golden ...
. ... (nesud) stretched for miles
across the .
............ (steder).
e There's a small ....................................... (nodp) in our garden,
surrounded by
............. (seshub).
Complete sentences a-h with the infinitive or -ing form

of these words, as appropriate.
arrive
eat
go
relax
smoke
see
study
walk
a My grandfather found it very difficult to give

up .................. after forty years.
b Most people enjoy .................... at home at the weekend.
c After he finishes school, my brother hopes
History at university.
d She put off ................. the dentist, even though she had
toothache.
e I'd suggest ..................... to Portugal in the spring, before it
gets too hot.
f I can't face ................. any breakfast before 8 o'clock in
the morning.
g He called the police, but they failed .................. before the
burglar had escaped.
h You should avoid ............ through Central Park alone
at night.
3 Choose the correct form of the verb to complete each of

these sentences.
a He left school at the age of 18 and went on to dol
doing a degree at Cambridge.
b They started playing tennis after lunch and went on
to play/playing until it was nearly dark.
c Nobody answered the door when he knocked, so he
tried to tap/ tapping on the window.
d She tried to move/moving the bed but couldn't,
because it was too heavy.
e He walked halfway down the street and then stopped
to tie/ tying his shoes.
Would you please stop to talk/ talking and listen!
e. G Unit 2
Complete gaps 1-5 in the text with the correct

prepositions.
t's easy to become hooked 1 . ... . ........ .... .

the feeling you get when you're up a
mountain. While your everyday life might
be full 2
problems - you may be
worried
your bank balance, or

risk of losing your job - the
experience of standing on a mountain-top
has a strange effect 5
.. most people.
They immediately forget their troubles and
3... ...
begin to feel on top of the world!
Leadin
1
Put these words into two groups, a and b, depending on their meaning.
Which word belongs in both groups? Check your answers in a dictionary.
a something that makes you laugh
b something out of the ordinary
amusing
peculiar
bizarre
mysterious
comical
funny
odd
humorous
hysterical
strange
unusual
weird
hilarious
In pairs, talk about the following.

a
b
c
d
e
f
a film or TV programme that you find hilarious

a TV personality who is humorous
something strange that has happened to you
something unusual that you own
a mysterious place that you've heard of
an odd fact that you know
Describe the picture below and give your opinion of it, using words from 1.
Unit 3
G.-
Reading
Part 2 Gapped text
Look at the photos. What unusual abilities do you think these people have? Discuss your ideas in pairs.
Read the text below quickly and check your ideas from 1. What other special abilities are mentioned?
10
15
20
Characters with superhuman abilities are

common in comic books and films, but are
usually confined to the world of fantasy. Very
occasionally, however, similar powers can be
found in real people. Remember Magneto in
X-Men? Well , meet his real-life equivalent, Liew
Thow Lin - or Mister Magnet as he likes to be
known. Mr Lin is a retired builder from Malaysia,
who now has a new career as an entertainer.
(1) ..
. ........................ There were no hooks or
other fasteners; it remained stuck to his body
purely by means of some strange force. Mr
Lin discovered his bizarre ability after reading a
magazine article about a family in Taiwan with the
same gift. (2)
............................................ Scientists
have investigated Mr Lin and come to the
conclusion that he does indeed have the ability
he claims to have - in other words , it is not a
trick. Rather than magnetism , however, the effect
is due to suction, and works like the suckers on
an octopus's tentacles. Three of his sons and two
grandchildren possess the same ability, so they
have obviously inherited his unusual kind of skin .
G Umt3
25
30
35
40
45
Gustav Graves, the villain in the James Bond film Die

Another Day, has plenty of time for making evil plans ,
because, unlike normal people, he does not need to sleep.
Hai Ngoc, a sixty-four-year-old farmer from Vietnam , claims
that he has not slept since he became ill with a fever in
1973. He doesn't use the additional waking hours for evil
plans, though. (3) ..
In one threemonth period, he used the night-times to dig two large
ponds where he now keeps fish. Amazingly, thousands
and thousands of consecutive sleepless nights have not
damaged his health , it seems. (4 ) .
However, perhaps not surprisingly, he has admitted to
feeling a little grumpy.
Everybody knows that Superman uses X-rays to see through
walls. While th is would be physically impossible for a real
person to do, there have been very rare cases of humans
developing alternative forms of sight. Ben Underwood , for
example, became completely blind at the age of three , but
that didn't stop him from getting around. He didn't use a
guide dog or a stick. He didn't even use his hands to feel
his way. So how did he navigate? (5 ) .
In the same way that bats use echoes to find their way
Look for grammar and vocabulary links before

and after each gap and in A-H.
Read the text again carefully and the

tip box. Then complete gaps 1-7 with
sentences A-H, u sing the underlined words
to help you. There is one ex tra sentence.
A The answer is simple but remarkable: he
lea rned to use sound .
B In fact, he is physica lly strong and
med ica l tes ts have d iscovered no serious
pro bl ems.
C He als o used to d rink plenty of water,
plus some oil, to help it all go down.
D That's w h y he kept h is amazi ng ability a
secret, even from h is fa m ily.
E Curiou s, h e took severa l heavy meta l
obj ects a nd placed them against h is
skin; they all stuck to him a nd d idn't
fall to the fl oor.
F On the cont rary, he puts them to good
use, doi ng extra work or guarding h is
property agai nst thieves.
G However, it wasn't u ntil he reached the
age of six teen that he began perfor m ing
publicly.
H Recently, he attracted internation a l
attention by pulling a car wh ich was
chained to a metal plate on his skin .
=0
around in the darkness, Ben developed his own form of

sonar. He would make short cl icks with his tongue, similar
to the noise that dolphins make, and by listening to the
echoes , he could locate objects around him. Sadly, Ben died
at the age of sixteen, but during his short life he amazed
scientists and doctors with his ability to get around - by
bicycle as well as on foot - in spite of his total blindness.
Monsters in comic books may grab aeroplanes out of

the sky, but they rarely eat them . Unlike Michel Lotito, a
:5 Frenchman who lived between 1950 and 2007. He was
nicknamed Monsier Mangetout (Mister Eat-it-all) because
he had the ability to eat all kinds of materials that most
people would find completely indigestible : metal, glass,
rubber, plastic, and so on. His bizarre eating habits began
-- when he was a child. (6) ..
The largest
item he ever ate was an aeroplane - a Cessna 150 - which
he broke up and swallowed piece by piece. It took him two
years. Apparently, the walls of his intestines were twice as
thick as most people's, and he had extra-powerful stomach
~5 acids to help him digest some of the metal.
(7) ...
................................... But surprisingly, bananas and
hard-boiled eggs made him sick!
Explain how the underlined words in A-H

helped you to match the sentences with
the gaps. Which other words helped you do
the task?
Discuss which of the special abilities from

the text is
a the weirdes t
b the most useful
c the lea st u seful
Imagine you could have any superpower

you can think of. What would you choose
and how would you u se it?
Unit 3
G.-
Vocabulary
Grammar
Extreme adjectiv s
Talking about the past
Match adjectives a-I with their extreme forms below.

ancient
astounded
filthy
freezing
hideous
a
b
c
d
e
boiling
furious
hilarious
attractive
ugly
dirty
clean
hot
cold
GR p166-167
Choose the correct tense to complete a-h. Explain
your choice, using the Grammar Reference section
if necessary.
exhausted
gorgeous
spotless
starving
a I've done/ I've been doing the ironing. I've only

got three more shirts to do.
b When I phoned Karen, she was worried because
her brother didn't arrive/ hadn't arrived home.
c I've never tried Vietnamese food, but I had/ I've
had Thai.
d I found/ was finding a wallet when I was
walking home from the shops.
e Harry was sweating by the time he arrived at
the cinema because he had been/ was running.
f Have you ever ridden/ been riding a horse?
g By the time we found the restaurant, it closed/
had closed.
h At the time of the accident, George wasn't
wearing/ didn't wear a seatbelt.
g surprised
h funny
angry
j tired
k old
hungry
Work in pairs to find as many extreme adjectives

as possible for a-d.
a
b
c
d
very
very
very
very
big
small
good
bad
Decide which of the words in a-e correctly

completes each sentence.
a The cooker was a bit/ very/ totally spotless when
Steve had finished cleaning it.
b Kate missed her appointment because her train
was extremely/ totally/ utterly late.
c Put your hat and scarf on. It's absolutely/
extremely/very freezing out there.
d Josh was feeling quite/ totally/ absolutely tired by
the time he got home from work.
e I'm completely/ utterly/very sorry, but I've
forgotten your name.
G Unit 3
Correct the mistakes in sentences a-h.

a I've never been believing in Santa Claus.
b I've been asking him three times, but he hasn't
told me yet.
c Rita and Ahmed have arrived two minutes ago.
d By the time the fire brigade arrived, the fire
had burnt for over an hour.
e How long have you studied Chinese?
According to the police, the thieves have left the
country a few hours after committing the crime.
g How often have you been travelling
by plane?
h My aunt isn't here yet, but my uncle has arrived
last night.
Complete sentences a-h with your own ideas, using an appropriate tense.
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
I've never tried bungee jumping, but ................. ... .

Julie's hair was wet because ................... .
As they were getting onto the train, ..
By the time we arrived at the shop, ................... .
I ................ ..... since 8 o'clock this morning.
She .................... three times this year.
He opened the door, ran outside and ... ............... .
At midnight last night, George ............ ........ .
4 Complete the text with an appropriate form of the verbs in brackets.

Sometimes more than one tense is possible.
By the time 1 arrived (arrived) at the wedding, many of the guests

................... (go) home. Monica
3
..
(cry), but she was OK now.
.. ........
'14 .. ..... ... .. .. .. .... .
ten o'clock: she explained. '1 .....

(not come).' 1 7
As we
'I
11
9 ..
....... .
..... ..
. .. .. ..... .
(wait) for a taxi since
. (phone) three times, but it 6
(offer) her a lift home and she
(walk) to my car, she
10 .. ...............
.............
(accept).
(touch) my hand gently.
(think) about you a lot recently: she said. 'You're one of the
kindest people 1 12
(sit) on the stairs, red-eyed. She
...... ........ .. ....
(meet) in my life.'
Continue the story in 4 with your own ideas. Start with the
words 'At that moment, .. .' and end with 'we both laughed'.
Write 60-80 words.
Unit 3
Ea.-
Listening
Read questions 1-7 in 3 below. Try to match each

situation with these pairs of words. Compare your
answers with a partner.
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
training
mental
coach backpacks
analyse giggle
view
armchair
symptom region
property apartment
sorry
hang on
Listen and check your answers to l.
Listen to people talking in seven different

situations, and choose the best answer for each
question.
1 You hear part of a radio programme about an
epidemic.
Who was affected by it?
A some children and teachers
B people in various schools and villages
C three schoolgirls and everyone in their
villages
2 You hear a woman complaining about her hotel
room.
What is she most unhappy about?
A the location of the room
B the equipment in the room
C the furniture in the room
3 You hear a man being interviewed about a
world record attempt.
How is he feeling?
A confident and determined
B well-prepared and relaxed
C surprised and nervous
4 You hear a woman talking to a friend.
Why is she talking to him?
A to arrange to meet later
B to give him encouragement
C to apologise for her behaviour
. G Unit 3
5 You hear a man talking about a recent holiday.

How did he feel about sleeping in the jungle?
A It was frightening but interesting.
B It was exciting but uncomfortable.
C It was tiring and too hot.
6 You hear a man talking.
What is his job?
A an estate agent
B a builder
C an architect
7 You hear a report about a scientific study.
What did the study show?
A Each person produces many different types
of laughter.
B Men and women tend to produce different
types of laughter.
C Men and women usually laugh at different
things.
Speaking
Parts 3 and 4
Describe each of the photos. What different sorts of shows and
exhibitions are they?
Listen to two people arranging to go out. Number the photos in the
order you hear them mentioned. What do they decide to book tickets for?
Listen again and say which of these phrases for making
suggestions you hear.
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
Let's go to ...
Well, why don't we go to ... ?
How does this sound?
Shall we go and see ... ?
How about ... ?
I know. What about ... ?
I've got an idea. We could .. .
Do you fancy going to see .. .?
Would you like to .. . ?
Choose the correct words in italics to complete these opinions.

a
b
c
d
e
f
g
I don't think/ find modern dance very interesting.

It's described/ supposed to be brilliant.
I'm not really on/ into photography.
In fact/ effect, I really don't like sculpture at all.
To be honest/ true, modern fashion just makes me laugh.
Pop music isn't really my thing/ business.
I'm not a strong/ big fan of novelty acts.
Imagine that you are going out for the evening. Read the how to do it
box, then in pairs, give your opinions of each form of entertainment
shown, and decide which one you are going to book tickets for.
Use phrases from 3 and 4.
how
:.
Give your own opinions clearly and simply.

Listen to your partner and react to what they say.
Try to correct any mistakes you make, but don't spend time
worrying about them.
Keep talking until the examiner stops you.
Use of English
Part 1 Multiple-choice cloze
Discuss which of the adjectives below

you would use to describe yourself and
any brothers and sisters you have.
adventurous
rebellious
creative
risk-taking
humorous
unconventional
Read the newspaper report opposite

ignoring the gaps, and choose the best
heading Ca, b or c).
a Famous comedians were funny children.
b Younger siblings have fewer skills.
c Younger siblings are more humorous.
Read the the tip box. Then read the text again carefully and
decide which answer CA, B, C or D) best fits each gap.
hildren with older brothers and sisters find it easier to
(0) mq,~~ people laugh, a survey has suggested. Just over
half of younger siblings who (1) ...... part in the survey
said it was easy to be humorous , compared with a third of those
who were (2) .. .. ... . And just 11% of (3) ...... children had the
skill, according to the study of 1,000 people by psychologist
Richard Wiseman. 'Younger siblings have to compete (4) ...... .
parental attention, so they have to be more unconventional.
They are risk-taking, and also more humorous. On the other
(5) .... .. , older children tend to take on much more serious roles.
And of course children without siblings don't feel the (6) ...... to
compete at all.'
And (7) .. .... . funn y continues into adulthood. Younger siblings

who (8) ...... to become famous comedians in Britain include
Rowan Atkinson, better known as 'Mr Bean'.
Professor Wiseman, who compiled the report, said his (9) ..... .
tie in with other research about the (10) ... ... offamily position
on personality. He said University of California research had
suggested that, because younger children had not had the
chance to (11) . . .. .. the same skills and abilities as their older
siblings, they had to find novel ways of gaining attention.
This (12) ...... to make them more creative, unconventional,
adventurous and rebellious.
Try to think of possible answers before looking at the options.

0
A force
A had
A first-born
3 A only
4
A over
5 A hand
6 A want
7 A to be
8 A put on
9
A happenings
10 A cause
11
A develop
12 A intends
. G Unit 3
B push
B took
B major
B unique
B on
B side
B idea
B be
B went on
B readings
B effect
B increase
B extends
make
C did
C primary
C single
C in
C way
C need
C being
C took on
C sayings
C reason
C enlarge
C tends
D encourage
D played
D new born
sole
for
matter
lack
been
came on
findings
logic
grow
D sends
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Vocabulary
Phrasal verbs with put
1
Complete sentences a-h with up or down.

a I must find a new apartment. I can't put up with/down with
my noisy neighbours any longer!
b It's not surprising she lacks confidence. Her older siblings are
always putting her up/down.
c I couldn't find a hotel room, so my friend agreed to put me up/
down for the night.
d He was finding it difficult to sleep at night. At first, he put this
up to/down to stress.
e Armed rebels tried to overthrow the government, but the army
soon put up/down the revolt.
f I need several thousand euros to pay for a year abroad before
university. Fortunately, my parents have agreed to put up/down
half the amount.
g Because of a shortage of oil and gas, energy companies have
put up/down their prices.
h He admitted vandalising the bus stop, but claimed his friends
had put him up to/down to it.
Rewrite the sentences in 1 using the verbs below in an appropriate form

instead of phrasal verbs. Use a dictionary to help you, if necessary.
accommodate
suppress
explain
humiliate
increase
persuade
provide tolerate
In pairs, think of as many other phrasal verbs with put as you can.
Then check in your dictionary.
Complete sentences a-h with phrasal verbs with put.

a To be a good musician, you need to put
hours of practice.
b He's terrible at explaining things. He finds it impossible to put
............ his points clearly.
c These forest fires have been burning for days, despite all the
efforts to put them
d Is he really upset - or is he just putting it .....
?
e I still love her, despite everything that she's put me .......................... .
f The government has put ..
.... a new plan to improve the
transport system.
g She's really messy. She never puts anything .......................... in its proper
place.
h I'd like to travel more, but all those delays at airports really put
me .......................... .
n
. n . n . n n n . n n . n
nn
In pairs, talk about a-c.

a things you've learned to do by putting in a lot of time
b things that would put you off being friends with someone
c things you don't enjoy but have to put up with
Unit 3
CD .-
Writing
Part 2 A story
Read the story below. Do you think they bought the house?
Why/why not?
2 Read the story again and do the following.

a Find an example of reported speech and rewrite it as direct speech.
b Find an example of direct speech and rewrite it as reported speech.
Explain the difference between the reporting verbs in each pair and find
three of them in the story. Check your answers in a dictionary.
a
b
c
d
e
explain
remark
warn
reply
promise
admit
state
advise
add
claim
A STRANGE STORY
A weird th ing happened to me and
my dad when we were looking for a
house to buy. The estate agent had
sent us deta il s of an old property
called Rose Cottage, and we went to
look at it one Sunday morning. The
estate agent met us there, let us into
the house, and told us we cou ld look
around on our own.
Upstairs, an old man was standing at
the window, gazing out at the garden.
'Are you going to buy my house?' he
asked. My dad replied that we hadn't
made a decision . 'If you buy it, please
look after the garden - especially
the rose bushes: the man said . 'They
were my wife's favourites.' My dad
promised that we would take good
care of them .
Downstairs, we commented to the
estate agent that we'd met the owner
of the house while upstairs. The
estate agent looked horrified and
seemed desperate to leave. As he
was fumbling to open the front door,
he explained that the owner of the
house had died a few months earlier.
CD Unit 3
Rewrite the direct speech in a-e as indirect speech, using appropriate

reporting verbs from 3.
Example lake: 'I cheated in the exam.'
lake admitted that he 'd cheated in the exam.
a
b
c
d
e
Sarah: 'I've seen a UFO.'

Tom: 'I'll always be a loyal friend.'
Beth: 'The alarm will go off if you open that door! '
Denis: 'And what's more it's much too late to go out.'
Cia ire: 'My clothes are dirty because I've been cleaning my bike.'
Read this passage from another story, ignoring the underlined words.
Complete each gap with the correct tense.
A very funny thing 1 .
(was happening/ happened/ has happened)
to me last Saturday. It was about 5 p.m. and I
(was sitting/
sat/had sat) at home watching a very good film on TV. I was feeling
.UUmu
very tired as I 3
uu
u u
(was playing/played/had been playing)
football all afternoon. The film 4 ................ (just finished/has just

finished/ was just finishing) when there was a knock at the door.
It was the driver of a very big lorry, which he 5
(parked/
has parked/had parked) in front of the house. He said that he 6 .
(was having/ had/ had had) a parcel for me.
uu
u.
Um
When you write a story, try to include some direct speech.

Use a variety of speech-related verbs, not just said.
Try to use one or two extreme adjectives to make the story more vivid.
Read the paragraph in 5 again and do the following.

a Find an example of indirect speech and rewrite it as direct speech.
b Replace the underlined words with extreme adjectives.
7 Read the task below and the tip box, then write your story
in 120-180 words.
Your teacher has asked you to write a story for an international
magazine. The story must begin with these words. Choose a, b or c.
A funny thing happened ...
a during a lesson at school.
b when I was out with my friends.
c while I was shopping in town.
Unit 3
G.-
Review
1
Re w rite the tex t u sing ex treme a djectives to

replace the underlined phrases.
Jul iet sat on the edge of her bed . She looked
at her bedroom floor. It was very di rty. She
wanted to clean her room . She normally kept
it very clean . But she felt ver y t ired . Then she
got a text message . She was ve ry surprised
when she read it. It was from Liam , the ~
attractive boy in her class. The message said :
' Fancy lunch? I'm ver y hungr y: Suddenly,
Juliet felt more optimistic. ' Perhaps this isn't
going to be a very bad day after all ,' she
thought, and gave a very small smi le.
Choose the best w ord, a or b, to complete 1-5.
1 My a u n t keeps her hou se n,n sp otless .

b tot ally
a extremely
2 You should bring a ju mper. It's ,
freezing outside.
a ab solutely
b com pletely
We were ,n,n", sorry to hear a b out your

acciden t.
b utterly
a very
The train was , n, " n, late and we missed

the start of the play.
b extremely
a utterly
5 Harry was "

" tired by the end of
the race.
a totally
b quite
Correct the phrasal verbs in a-h.

a The heat doesn't put me on going to Africa.
b Don't criticise me! You're always putting
me through.
c I can't afford to shop there any more.
They've put forward their prices.
d Put in your mobile until the lesson has
finished!
e When he speaks French, he finds it hard
to put out what he's trying to say.
f I wasn't really miserable. I was just putting
it out.
g You'll pass the exam if you put away
enough hours of revision.
h If you ever visit London, don't book a hotel
room - we'll put you away for the night.
-. CD
Unit 3
Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D)

best fits each gap 1-12.
lthough few students would say that school

lessons and laughter O."n",n",n"" together, two Ohio
University psychology professors argue that
the use of humour in online courses can ' "n,n, good
results . Mark Shatz and Frank LoSchiavo found that
humour can significantly 2
student interest. ' We
know students taking online courses often
them
as bor ing and impersonal , 4
we thought about
the idea of trying to incorporate humour into on line
teaching,' said Shatz. The study took an existing course
and added humour in the 5 n,n"""nn"" of jokes and cartoons.
Forty-four students then did 6""
the or iginal course
or the more humorous course, and the researchers
studied their performance. They counted the number
of times students 7 ,,,,,, part in the online discussion .
They also asked students to rate their overall enjoyment
of the course. The 8 , n,
showed that students who
did the more humourous course were more likely to make
comments on discussion boards. They also seemed to enjoy
the course more . 'Teachers don 't need to be comedians,'
said Shatz . ' Our job is not to 9 " " " , students laugh .
Our job is to'O ".,n them learn, and if humour can
make learning more enjoyable, then everybody benefits :
On the other" , n""" " humour alone cannot save a
poorly planned class , and too' 2""""n",,, "" humour can work
against student learning. ' If I make my students laugh too
hard , they're going to remember my funny story and not
the material ,' admitted Shatz .
3 """"",,,,,,,,,,
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
A make
A do
A grow
A believe
A that
A way
A either
A took
A happenings
9 A force
10 A produce
11 A side
12 A much
B @
B make
B rise
B view
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
so
type
both
had
readings
cause
help
way
many
C
C
C
C
have
produce
increase
think
C as
C form
C or
C played
C
C
C
C
C
sayings
make
teach
hand
big
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
do
present
multiply
look
then
kind
neither
did
findings
create
get
matter
D good
DS
Leadin
1
Look at the photos and answer these questions about each person.
a What different talents do they need?
b Where might they get their inspiration from?
c What kind of hard work do they
each have to put in?
d Who do you think has to
work hardest to be successful?
e Who do you admire most?
Using the ideas below, discuss which of the

people shown you'd most like to be and why.
become famous
make money
work alone
create something beautiful
change the world
travel the world
3 In pairs, think of as many other professions

as you can that require inspiration.
....
o
..c
+-'
:::J
co
Unit 4
G.-
MUSIC
What do artists go through when they create,
and does the process change them? New ScIentIst
magazine asked leading songwriters Alex Kapranos
of Franz Ferdinand and David Gray what inspiration
feels like.
Reading
Part 2 Gapped text
1 Look at the photos and answer these questions.
a Can you name the people shown?
b Do you know the name of any of their songs
or albums?
I
Quickly read the first paragraph of the text

opposite to check your answer to la.
Read the whole text carefully, then match sentences

A-H with gaps 1-7. There is one extra sentence.
A
As you follow it, you lose your sense of where you are.
I'm not a particularly easy person to live with

during these times .
C You're trying to control something but you 're not

quite sure which direction it 's going.
I never write songs when I'm in a bad mood .
But sometimes you can tell , because all your

emotions are stirred .
Environment isn't particularly important.
G But occasionally a song just seems to come out of

nowhere .
H At the same time, you open a door in your brain
that is normally closed.
- . G Unit 4
NS Can you describe the process you go through

when you write songs?
Alex There are two very different stages. There is an
initial creative stage where it all comes out. It feels a
bit like the first time you ride a bicycle or drive a car.
You end up with this big sprawling mess of an
idea. And then you have that other process which is a
lot more controlled, where you get rid of all the parts
that are irrelevant. During the first process you're not
really considering what you're doing, you're just doing
it. The actual writing of a song is fairly easy. But the
second process is very ruthless and quite cold because
you have to cut away things that you're attached to.
NS Do you write better in certain environments?
Alex I tend to write in all sorts of places. For our
new record I've written songs in hotel rooms, on the
back of tour buses, in corridors, wherever I've had an
opportunity to sit down and pick up a guitar.
I
usually just feel like doing it, and do it. It's usually either
when you feel there's no pressure to be doing other
things, or when you feel almost selfishly unaware of
other things.
NS Are you a different person when you're writing?

Alex I find myself being rude to people when I'm
I
trying to get past the distractions. I used to have

big arguments with my mother. It's funny because
I'm generally not rude at all, I'm generally very polite,
probably too polite.
NS What does it feel like when you're writing?

Alex If it's good, it feels really exciting. It's like
listening to a story you've never heard before.
All the everyday stuff - conversation, where you left
your keys - it all seems to belong to a different brain,
almost like a brain in somebody else's head. That's why
the distractions are 50 infuriating, because it's like
being reminded that this other brain exists.
Find phrasal verbs a-g in the text and match them

with meanings 1-7.
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
end up (1. 11)

turn into (1. 45)
hang around (1. 46)
pick up O. 47)
shut down (1. 49)
think up O. 61)
start off (1. 68)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
wait, not doing very much

begin
find yourself in an unexpected place or situation
stop something working
invent or create in your mind
take hold of
make something become something else
5 Read the dictionary entry for think up. How does

the entry indicate that it is a separable phrasal verb?
NS How do you write your songs?

David I begin with little ideas that aren't fully formed
and I have to either excavate further or enlarge a
small idea and turn it into a song - perhaps join it to
some other ideas that I have hanging around. So a lot
of the time it's more like being a mechanic. '
I pick
up my guitar and within half an hour I've written one.
It's an instinctive process, you shut down conscious
thought.
It's about dredging up things that
surprise you: images that you had stored and didn't
know you had remembered. One image will unlock a
chain of images, and that becomes a song.
.think sth ..... 'up ..... (injorman to create 5th in your mind
devise, invent: Can't you think up a better excuse than chat?
Oxford Advanced Learner's Di ction a ry, 8th edition
Decide which other verbs in 4 take an object, then

check in your dictionary to see if they are separable
or not.
NS How do you know if a song is any good?

Davld You shouldn't always trust inspiration. Just
because it came out of thin air doesn't mean it's any
good. .
The whole feeling, the purity of the germ
of the song - it's all so vivid and wondrous. It feels so
shockingly fresh. But a song that comes from nowhere
is usually much better than anything you consciously
think up.
NS What's your state of mind when you're writing?
Davld It's an extremely intense period. I find myself
storming around the room, biting my nails, scratching
my head to the point that it bleeds. It's like having an
itch you can't scratch until the process is completed.
It takes hold of you. That's how you make records.
You start off by tinkering around, making a few
sounds and having a really good time, but when you
get deeper into it and your demands get greater and
more ambitious, something rears its ugly head. You
become possessed.
I find it really hard to get
back Into normal life.
Unit 4
CD .-
Vocabulary
Grammar
Films
Simple and continuous tenses

GR p163-164
1
Name the tenses in italics in a-k and choose the

correct one to complete each sentence.
a
b
c
d
e
f
Look at the list of film types below and think of

one example of each type.
a
action
h historical drama
b adventure
c
musical
animation
d comedy
e
crime
disaster
romantic comedy
k science-fiction
war
m western
Yesterday evening, we were having/ had dinner

and watched a film on television.
I don't usually like desserts, but this ice-cream
is tasting/ tastes wonderful.
The sun was rising/ rose by the time they finally
got to bed.
Our team are playing/ play well, but the score is
still 0-0.
Your face is red. Have you been sitting/ Have you
sat in the sun?
Since his first film in 1984, Johnny Depp has
been playing/ has played many different roles .
This time next week, I'll be sitting/ sit on a beach
in the Caribbean.
It's a good story, but I'm not believing/ don't
believe that it's true!
Can we stop for a while? We've been walking/
've walked since 10 o'clock this morning!
If you don't study hard for these exams, you'll
be regretting/ 'll regret it.
I always leave/ I'm always leaving my keys at
home. I'm so forgetful.
g horror
2
2
boring
gripping
scary
funny
powerful
terrible
Read quotations a-e and correct any continuous

forms which should be simple forms, as in the
example.
{think
Example 'I'm thifikifig a pillow should be the
peace symbol, not the dove. The pillow
has more feathers than the dove, and it
isn't having a beak to peck you with.'
moving
slow
violent
Label the adjectives below as a , b or c. Some may

fit into more than one category.
a positive
b negative
c neutral
serious
b
Say which adjectives in 2 you generally associate

with the film types in l.
Tell a partner about a film you really liked, and

one you didn't like at all. Say what you liked or
didn't like about each one using these words.
acting
costumes
ending
locations
music
special effects
plot
stunts
- . G Unit 4
c
d
e
Everywhere is within walking distance if you're

having the time.
I'm remembering when the candle shop burned
down. Everyone was standing around singing
' Happy Birthday'.
I've had a poor memory for as long as I'm
remembering.
I bought a new Japanese car. When I turn on the
radio, I'm not understanding a word they're saying.
There are two types of people in this world, good
and bad. The good are sleeping better, but the bad
are seeming to enjoy the waking hours much more.
Compare these pairs of sentences and explain the

difference in meaning between the verbs in italic.
a I don't see why you can't help me with my
homework.
They aren't seeing each other - they're just
good friends.
b What do you think of Tarantino's latest film?
We're thinking of going to the cinema
tomorrow night.
c Our teacher feels that we're working harder
this year.
We're feeling optimistic about the exam.
d You smile a lot when you have a baby.
You don't smile much when you're
having a baby.
Complete the dialogue by putting the verbs in

brackets into the correct tense (future, present or
present perfect, simple or continuous).
Joanna You ................. 1 (sit) on that sofa since
you ............ 2 (do)?
lunch-time. What ..
Wesley A crossword .
Joanna You
....... 3 (always do) crosswords!
Wesley Well, I ............... 4 (enjoy) them. Anyway,
I .....
.. 5 (finish) it soon, if you ....
6
(let) me concentrate!
Joanna I ................ 7 (never like) crosswords.
Wesley Sshhh! I ...... 8 (think)! Four across,
'get better' .. .
Joanna 'Improve'. Seems pretty easy to me.
Wesley They aren't all that easy. I . .
9
(have) trouble with some of them.
For example, can you think of a word
that .................. . 10 (mean) 'magnificent'?
Joanna 'Wonderful'?
Wesley No, it
. . 11 (not fit) . Eight letters.
Joanna Oh, I ................... 12 (know). It's 'splendid'.
Wesley What about this one - a small insect
that ...... 13 (bite)?
Joanna A mosquito?
Wesley That's it! I . ......... 14 (do) it!
Complete questions a-e with an appropriate verb

and tense (simple or continuous). Then discuss the
questions in pairs.
a What ................... you .................... this evening?
b How long ................... you .................... English?
c What ..................... you usually ..................... on Saturday
evenings?
d Where do you think you ................. in ten years' time?
e What ..................... you ..................... when the teacher came
into the room?
Unit 4
CD .-
Listening
how
-1
0
Read the question and options carefully as you
hear them. Decide what kind of information you
are listening for.
In the exam the eight situations are unconnected,
so mark your answer after the first listening then
concentrate on the next question.
Check your answer during the second listening.
If you aren't sure, make a guess.
Read the how to do it box and the example

question below, including the three options. Then
listen and mark your answer. Say which words
helped you decide.
Example You hear two people in a hospital.
Where must the woman's bag be?
A in the cafeteria
B by the lifts
C in the chemist's
2 010
Listen to people talking in seven different

situations and choose the best answers.
You hear two friends discussing homework.
How does Emma feel about Maths lessons?
A She thinks maths is more important than art.
B She doesn't think the teacher explains very
well.
C She wishes she didn't have to do maths.
2 You hear a woman talking on the radio about a
scientist.
Why does he visit places with extreme climates?
A He wants to find out how life on Earth
began.
B He prefers being outdoors instead of in a
laboratory.
C He wants to see how people live in extreme
conditions.
3 You overhear a conversation between friends.
What are they talking about?
A a homework exercise
B a crossword
C a board game
- . G Unit 4
4 You hear someone introducing an art course.

What does he want the students to learn?
A how to paint as they did when they were
children
B how to paint with pleasure and confidence
C how to experiment with different colours
5 You hear a young man talking about writing his
first song.
How did he feel while he was writing it?
A in love
B embarrassed
C angry
6 You hear an interview with a woman.
What's her job?
A a cheese maker
B a meat supplier
C a dairy farmer
7 You hear a conversation about buying a present.
What do they decide to buy?
A boots
B a DVD
C a book
Speaking
?art 2
'1 Look at photo 1 and decide which parts of the picture are real, and which are drawn.
Match each of a-i with photos 1 or 2.

a
b
c
d
e
spray paint
building
graffiti
pavement art
temporary
f chalk
g illusion
h permanent
shadow
3 In pairs, decide what the two photos have in

common. Use these words and your own ideas.
colourful
outdoors
free
large-scale
three-dimensional
urban
In
in
a
b
c
Discuss whether graffiti is vandalism or art.

Give reasons for your opinions.
pairs, say what is different about the street art

the photos. Talk about
what exactly the people have drawn or written
why they may have done it
what they used (paint, chalk, etc.) and how
easy it might be to remove
d how good it is
Unit 4
e.-
Use of English
Part 2 Open cloze
1 Read the rules about articles in the Grammar Reference
(page 163) then match each underlined word or phrase

in a-j below with one of the rules.
a He swam across the English Channel and climbed
Ben Nevis, the highest mountain in Britain, in the
same week. That's an amazing achievement.
b After Easter I'll be spending most of my time at home.
c I've got a cat and a dog. The cat is called Freddie and
the dog is called Buster.
d Thomas Edison was great scientist and inventor.
e The British have a reputation for being reserved.
f The longest river in the world is the Amazon.
g I always listen to the radio in the morning.
h I can't stand modern art.
After dinner Kate played some tunes on the piano.
John lives in Nice, a city on the south coast of France.
Quickly read the text below and find

a the name of the artist
b the name of two of his famous paintings
c two things he designed.
Read the text again carefully. Then read the

tip box and complete gaps 1-12 with one
word each.
Explain the use or non-use of articles in

these phrases from the text.
a
b
c
d
e
f
a man (1. 1)
In this text,
at school (1. 6)
. . , gaps 1, 2 and 8
the Duke (1. 15)
need an article.
to France (1. 18)
the world O. 20)
the most famous (1. 21)
RENAISSANCE MAN
eonardo da Vinci was a man before his time, and
considered to be a genius. He became
renowned for his multiple talents: he was (1) _ __
painter, architect, engineer, mathematician and inventor.
(0) was
5 He was born in Vinci, outside (2) _ _ _ northern Italian

city of Florence, in 1452. While he was at school, his teachers
quickly noticed his curiosity and his inquiring mind, even

going so far as to complain (3) ___ his endless questions.
(4) _ _ _ a youngster, he (5) _ _ _ also discovered to have
a talent for drawing. On reaching his fourteenth birthday,
Leonardo was apprenticed to Verrochio, a master painter
and sculptor, (6) ___ studios and workshops were in the
city of Florence. At the age of twenty-six he became his own
master, and four years (7) _ _ _ , moved to Milan to work
for the Duke there. He travelled between Florence and Milan
for most of his life, starting many paintings and sculptures
but often not completing them. In his last years he moved to
France, where he died in 1519, at (8) _ _ _ age of 67.
He is widely regarded as (9) _ _ _ of the greatest painters
in the world. Two of his paintings, The Last Supper, and
the Mona Lisa occupy positions as the most famous, most
reproduced and most copied artworks of all time.
As an engineer and inventor, he was ahead (10) ___ his
time. Only long after he died (11) ___ people realise how
advanced he had been in his thinking. He drew up designs
for machines that would only be invented centuries after his
death, (12) _ _ _ as a helicopter, a calculator, and a tank.
G Unit 4
Vocabulary
Phrasal verbs with take
1 Read the dictionary entry for take back and match
,take sbH'back to allow sb, such as your husband, wife or
partner, to come home after they have left because of a
problem ,take sb 'back (to ..) to make sb remember sth:
The smell of the sea took him back to his childhood. ,take
sth ..... 'back 1 .... if you take sth back to a shop/ store, or a
shop/ store takes sth back, you return sth that you have
bought there, for example because it is the wrong size or
does not work 2 to admit that sth you said was wrong or
that you should not have said it: OK, I take it all back!
Ox ford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, 8th edition
each sentence with one of the meanings.

a This dress is too big. I'll have to take it back.
b I don't know why she's agreed to take him back
after he walked out on her like that.
c He accused me of lying, but he later took it back
and apologised.
d That song takes me back to my time at college.
Phrasal verbs often have more than one meaning .

. , Use the context to help you, then check your ideas
in a dictionary.
Complete each pair of sentences with one of these

words to form phrasal verbs.
apart
in
off
on
up
a I tried to listen as he gave me the bad news, but

what he was saying.
I couldn't take
He lost a lot of money when he was taken ..
by an email claiming to be from a charity.
nn
b We collapsed in laughter when Fred took ....

the headmaster.
in the 1990s.
Mobile phones really took ....
c The company has relocated to New York and
taken .................... 20 new staff.
Jeff has taken ............... far too much work this
year and has almost no free time.
n
d We'll have to take the wardrobe ....... ....... ... before

we try to move it downstairs.
in the football final,
Italy took France ......
beating them 4-0.
n
e Ian plays the piano beautifully, but he didn't

take it .
........ until he was in his forties.
The sleeves on this jacket are too long. Can you
take them .
.. for me?
3 Match these verbs and phrases with the meanings

of the phrasal verbs in 2.
a
b
c
d
e
agree to do
become successful
deceive
take to pieces
easily beat
f employ
g understand
h pretend to be someone
shorten
start
Unit 4
e.-
Writing
Part 2 A review
What tense is used to describe the story?
Complete the gaps in sentences a-h with these

words.
Discuss these questions in pairs.
fan
a Who's your favourite actress and actor?

b What do you like about them?
c Which, in your opinion, is the best film they 've
appeared in? Why?
short
Look at the words and phrases in the box below and

discuss these questions.
a Do you like action films? Why/ Why not? Do you
have a favourite one?
b Which of these words and phrases are typical of
action films? Give examples from particular films.
special effects
exotic locations
gripping
car chases
villains
light-hearted
convincing stories
stunts
funny
romance
violent
Read the film review opposite and say in which

paragraph the writer mentions a-d.
a aspects of the film they liked and disliked
b their overall opinion and recommendation to the
reader
c background detail, i.e. the title, type of film, etc.
d a brief description of the plot
Unit 4
impressed
miss
spectacular
performances
stands
tells
set
worth
a There are some excellent

from the
leading actors in the latest Bond film.
b Salt is ...
. in New York.
c What particularly ..................... me about Alice in
Wonderland was the acting.
d If you're a ................... of war films, you won't be
disappointed . The Hurt Locker is well
............... seeing.
e I've seen a lot of good films, but there 's one
that ..... ...... out from the rest.
f In ................... , The Age of Stupid is quite simply
the best documentary film I've ever seen. You
really shouldn't ..................... it.
g United 93 ................... the story of what might have
happened on the United Airlines Flight on
11th September 200l.
h The animated film Toy Story 3 is ..................... to
watch because of the amazing special effects.
Say which sentences in 5 could be used in a fi lm

review to
a
b
c
d
e
introduce the film .

describe the story.
describe the acting.
describe what it looks like.
recommend the film.
how to do it
Divide your review into four paragraphs:

1 introduction (basic information, e.g. title, type of
film, actors, director)
2 brief outline of the plot using the present simple but don't give away the ending!
3 why you liked the film (acting? story? music?
special effects? etc.)
4 your overall opinion and recommendation to see it.
Read the exam task below and the how to do it

box. Then write a review including language from
this section.
You recently saw this notice in a film

magazine called Silver Screen.
FIL REVIEWS
Have you seen any good
films recently? Write a
review telling us why
you liked it and send
it to Silver Screen
Magazine.
We 11 publish the
best reviews in
next month's
issue.
Unit 4
0.
Review
1
Read the definitions and complete

the adjectives that can be used to
describe films.
a I ____ - h ______ (not very

serious)
b s ____ (frightening)
c p _______ (creating a strong
impression)
d g _____ (very exciting and
interesting)
1 end up
2 hang around
3 pick up
4 shut down
5 start off
6 think up
7 turn into
- .
Unit 4
[A R 1 n t y
ohn Lennon and Paul McCartney are considered by some to

be (1) _ _ greatest song-writing team of (2) _ _ past 50
years. They were brought up in (3)___ Liverpool in England
in (4)_ _
1940s and 50s. While he was still at (5)_ _
school,
Lennon formed (6)_ __ group called The Quarrymen. One day in 1956,
(7) _ _ group were playing at (8)_ _
church fete when (9)_ _
Complete sentences a-g with phrasal

verbs 1-7 in the correct form.
a They had to .......................... the computer
system when a virus infected it.
b Who are those boys that are ..
on the corner of the street?
c The interview .......................... well
but then they asked me some
questions that I couldn't answer.
d Can you ................. your bag?
Someone will trip over it if you
leave it there.
e I need to .. ...... ..... .... a good title for
my essay. Any suggestions?
We couldn't get a table at the
restaurant so we ...................... getting
a take-away.
g 'If you don't do as I say,' said the
wicked witch, 'I'll ................. ........ you
....... .................... a frog.'
Complete the text using a/an, the or no article.
talented young musician called Paul McCartney was introduced to

John. They began writing (10) _ _ songs together in 1957. They
would sometimes miss (11) _ _ school and go to Paul's house
while his father was at (12) _ _ work. There they would make up
(13) _ _ tunes on (14) _ _ piano. It was (15) _ _ beginning
of (16) _
wonderfully creative partnership. In (17) _
following thirteen years they wrote over 100 songs together before
The Beat/es finally split up in 1970.
Complete the missing part of the phrasal verbs in sentences a-k.

Use each word below twice.
apart
Example
back
in
off
on
up
These jeans are a bit too long so I'll have to take

them{)p.
a Don't be taken .. . ........... by his promises. He never keeps his word.

b The bed is too big to get through the door. Can you give me
a hand to take it .................3
c He's great at impersonating people. He can take .................... anybody.
d Our new DVD player didn't work so I took it .. .
. to the shop.
e We can't take .................... any more people because we haven't
got any free office space.
f The smell of the sea always takes me .
.. to my childhood.
g Don't take .................... any more work. You've already got more
than you can cope with.
h In the 1950s, rock 'n' roll really took .................... in the USA.
If you're in London, give me a ring and we can take .....
a film or a show.
j If you're bored with life, why don't you take ..................... a new hobby?
k Brazil have a much stronger team than England, so they will
probably take them

e?
eadin
Read the questionnaire below, then complete
the gaps with these words.
cheated
pretend
forgery honest lie own up

tell truth truthfully
HOW
I
AREYOU?
1
You're having dinner at a friend 's house. The friend
serves a dish that you really don't like, and says
'I hope you like it'. Would yOU
to like it?
HHH
A relative gives you a shirt as a present. You don't

like it, so you give it away. The relative then asks
you how often you wear the shirt. Would you
a lie?
A friend has a new haircut. You think it looks

terrible. Your friend asks: 'What do you think of
my new hair cut?' Would you answer .................... ?
A friend has fallen in love with somebody you don't

like. Your friend asks you what you think of this
person. Would you be
with your friend?
H
You know that a classmate

in an exam.
Your teacher suspects that this is the case, and asks
you if you know anything. What would you say?
You buy a ticket for a big football match from

a stranger. Later you notice that it's a .
Do you still try to get into the match?
You're at a boring party and you decide to leave.
The host, who isn't a close friend , asks you why
you are leaving. Would you tell the .................... ?
H H
You accidentally crack a valuable ornament

at somebody's house. Nobody sees you do it.
Would you .................... ?
You and your parents are planning a surprise

birthday party for you grandfather this Saturday.
Your grandfather asks if you have any plans for
to your
the weekend. Would you
grandfather?
In pairs, answer the questionnaire together, then discuss your answers, giving reasons.
Think about your answers to the questionnaire. Try to summarise your opinions by
completing the sentence below, then compare answers.
It is OK to tell a lie if ...
Unit 5
G.-
Reading
In pairs, discuss the meanings of a-h and

match words with similar meanings.
a a con
b a fraud
c genuine
d an impostor
e pose as
legitimate
g pretend to be
h a trick
You are going to read a text about four impostors.

Before you do, think of as many reasons as you
can why someone might become an impostor.
3 Read the text opposite to find out if any of the

people become impostors for the reasons you
thought of in 2.
Read the text again carefully and for questions

1-15, choose from the people (A-D). The people
may be chosen more than once.
Which person
1 deceived people for financial gain?
2 had to act younger than his real age?
3 met a member of a royal family?
4 tried to make people's lives better?
5 spent some time in prison?
6 invented a story about an accident?
7 was not an easy person to get on with?
8 did not want to stop working?
9 changed his name several times?
10 made many public appearances in Europe?
11 has a role in a film about his life?
12 was born over 200 years ago?
13 went to university?
14 gave advice to businesses on stopping fraud?
15 was an early environmentalist?
Imagine that you could lead somebody else's life
for one week. Whose life would you choose and
why? What would you do in that week?
-.0
Unit 5
Doctor James Barry

ames Barry was a surgeon in the British Army.
aving graduated from Edinburgh University in
1812, he served in India, South Africa and the
est Indies. Although he was a difficult and
argumentative person who was always getting
nto trouble with his superiors, Barry worked
ard to improve conditions for the troops and
for ordinary people wherever he was staying. For
example, when he was stationed in Cape Town ,
South Africa , he developed ways of improving
th e town 's supply of clean water. Barry retired in
1864 - apparently against his wishes - and
returned to England. After his death in 1865,
he post-mortem examination revealed that
James Barry was in fact a woman. It is not clear
" hy Barry chose to live as a man. Nobody is
even sure what Barry's rea l name was. But one
thi ng is certain : at that time, a woman could not
have had a career as an army doctor. Being an
impostor allowed Barry to help thousands of
people around the world .
Frank Abagnale
45 In 1964, at the age of 16 Frank Abagnale ran away from home
to New York City. He used various cons to get money from banks,
changing his identity when they discovered his tricks. For two
years he lived as Frank Williams and pretended to be an airline
pilot with Pan Am. Wearing a pilot's uniform which he had
50 tricked Pan Am head office into giving him , he used his forged
ID card to travel around the world free on Pan Am planes. Later,
he changed his name to Frank Conners, moved to Georgia, and
posed as a doctor, even though he had no qualifications. When
his fiancee realised that he was an impostor, she called the
55 police and Frank had to disappear. But he soon re-emerged with
a forged Law Diploma from Harvard University and got a job
working for the Attorney General in Louisiana. Over a period of
five years, Abagnale used eight different identities and
committed fraud in 26 different countries. His luck finally ran out
60 in 1969, when he was arrested in France. After spending several
years in jail, Abagnale was released and began a new, legitimate,
and very successful career as a consultant to banks on how
to prevent fraud. He also wrote a best-selling autobiography
which was made into a film - Catch Me If You Can - starring
65 Leonardo DiCaprio and Tom Hanks. Abagnale himself appears
briefly in it but, of course, he does not play himself!
Grey Owl
Frederic Bourdin
__
The pupils at Jean Monnet College in Pau, southwest France, believed everything that their new
15-year-old classmate, Francisco, told them. He
claimed that he had just arrived in France from
Spain. He said that he had been an orphan since
2000, when his parents had died in a car crash ,
and that he had spent three months in a coma
after the accident. But it was all a lie. Francisco
was in fact a 31-year-old Frenchman called
Frederic Bourdin. The school only realised the truth
when one of the teachers saw Bourdin on TV, in a
documentary about impostors. The school
principal, Claire Chardourne, said that the pupil
had appeared a bit older than his classmates but
she also said that Bourdin had played the part of a
15-year-old brilliantly. 'He told me he had awful
scars which he wanted to hide. I gave him special
permiSSion to wear a cap. That is how he
concealed his true age,' she said. Bourdin has
confessed that he loved the attention he could get
by pretending to be a youngster. 'In Pau, I got what
I wanted. I loved the kids and the people who took
care of them. They treated me like one of them .'
70
75
80
85
In 1935, Londoners flocked to see a man called Grey Owl give

lectures about the natural world. This unusual character would
stand in front of his audience in full North American Indian
dress and begin with these words: 'You are tired with years of
civilisation. I come to offer you - what? A Single green leaf:
Grey Owl was so popular in England that he gave over 200
lectures in four months and addressed 250,000 people about
the beauty and significance of the wild. His second lecture tour,
in 1937, was an even bigger success - he even gave a private
talk to the king of England at Buckingham Palace. What his
audiences did not know, however, was that Grey Owl was not a
genuine North American Indian at all. In fact , he was not even
from North America, but rather from Hastings on the south
coast of England, and his real name was Archibald Belaney.
As a boy, young Archie had been fascinated by stories of the
Canadian wilderness and the life of the people who lived there.
So at the age of 18, he left England and went to live and work
in Northern Ontario, Canada, where he pretended to be the
child of a Scottish father and an Apache mother. It was only
after his death that his true identity became public and his
reputation suffered badly as a result. But although Grey Owl
was a fraud, he did a lot to educate and inspire people about
the natural world.
Unit 5
G.-
Vocabulary
Grammar
Verbs connected with speech
Reported speech GR p168
1 Check the meaning of these words in a dictionary
and put them into two groups: loud and quiet.

bellow
grumble
scream
mutter
mumble
murmur
shriek
shout
whisper
1 'I don't want the rest of my

pizza: he insisted.
He insisted that he didn't
want the rest of his pizza.
2 'You're standing on my toe:
she told him.
She told him he was standing
on her toe.
3 'I'll phone you tomorrow:
she promised him.
She promised that she would
phone him the next day.
4 'I only bought these shoes yesterday: she
complained.
She complained that she had only bought the
shoes the day before.
Choose the correct verb for these definitions.

bellow/shriek: to shout in a high voice
mutter/ whisper: to speak quietly and unclearly
mumble/grumble: to complain in a quiet voice
scream/shout: to make a loud high cry from fear,
pain or excitement
e murmur/ whisper: to speak using only your
breath, not your voice
a
b
c
d
Match sentence halves a-f with 1-6, choosing

the correct prepositions.
a
b
c
d
e
f
He's always boasting about/ for ...

He finally confessed to/at .. .
She always insists in/ on .. .
She often complains about/ with ...
He objected of/to ...
He begged her for/ with ...
the best for her children.

another chance to prove his love.
his son's fantastic exam results.
the way his actions had been reported in
the newspaper.
5 breaking my computer.
6 the noise from her neighbour's house.
a How do the tenses of the verbs change in each

pair of sentences?
b How do these types of words change?
personal pronouns (1, you, etc.)
time expressions (today, tomorrow, etc.)
possessive adjectives (my, your, etc.)
demonstratives (this, that, etc.)
c Which word sometimes comes at the beginning
of the underlined reported speech clauses, but
is sometimes omitted?
1
2
3
4
Complete these sentences in an appropriate way.

a
. ....... ...
the teacher grumbled.
b ' ..
" the actor boasted.
c
" the police officer insisted.
d ' ................... : the photographer begged.
............................
the waiter objected.
e
: the impostor confessed.
g
......... : the swimmer shrieked.
.....HH
Listen to six people, then report what they

say using reported speech. Choose the more
appropriate of the reporting verbs given.
'I'm trying my hardest!'
Example
......... .
- . G)
Read the examples of direct

speech and reported speech then
answer questions a-c below.
Unit 5
insist
agree
She insisted that she was trying her
hardest.
Speaker
Speaker
Speaker
Speaker
Speaker
Speaker
1
2
3
4
5
6
promise
complain
agree
beg
confess
warn
warn
boast
boast
explain
predict
predict
Read reported questions 1-3 then answer a-d below.
the most difficult thing that you've ever been

asked to do
b the most surprising thing that anybody has ever
told you
c something that you were always warned not to
do as a child
d a promise someone didn't keep
1 She asked me where her new shoes were.

2 He asked her what she had done the previous day.
3 She asked them whether they wanted to come
back the next day.
a Do reported questions follow the same word
order as direct questions?
b Do reported questions use interrogative verb forms?
c What word introduces a reported question when
there is no question word? (two possibilities)
d What were the original questions that the
people asked?
Rewrite the dialogue below as reported speech.
Example Helen asked Mike what he was doing in
her bedroom. Mike replied that ...
Helen
Mike
Helen
Mike
Helen
Mike
Helen
Mike
What are you doing in my bedroom?

I'm looking for my mobile phone. Did you
borrow it?
I've never borrowed your mobile phone.
You used it yesterday!
I didn't make any calls. I was just looking
for a phone number.
Where did you leave it?
I can't remember. Have you looked on the
kitchen table?
I've looked everywhere!
For a-f rewrite the reported speech with infinitives

as direct speech.
a The neighbours asked him not to tell anyone.
anyone.'
b The police ordered him to put his hands on his
head.
........... head .'
c His girlfriend told him not to worry about
anything.
anything.'
d Jenny agreed to help him with his homework .
... ... homework.'
e The managing director advised her to apply for
the job.
..... job.'
The kidnappers warned him not to contact the
police.
In pairs, tell each other about a-d.
Complete the newspaper article with the infinitive

or other appropriate form of the verb in brackets.
Add pronouns and other words if necessary.
obby Mason was a celebrity in the small village
of Southbourne where he lived. His neighbours
often asked him I ............. (tell) stories about his
years as a top professional footballer in the 1960s.
Bobby entertained them for hours. He told them
2 ............. (play) against George Best, one of the most
famous footballers in the world at that time.
The problem was, it wasn't true. Although Bobby

Mason was indeed the name of a footballer from
the 1960s, the Bobby Mason in Southbourne had
never been a footballer - he'd been a carpenter.
When somebody told the real Bobby Mason what
3 ...... ....... (happen), he was so angry that he drove
to Southbourne and ordered the impostor
4 ............. (explain). The impostor admitted that
5 ............. (impersonate) the footballer, but claimed that
it 6 ............. (start) by accident. 'People kept asking me
if 7............. (be) the same Bobby Mason as the
footballer. At first, I told them 8 .. .. ...... ... (not be),
but when people kept asking, I almost started to
believe it was true.'
-; ,
~
~
Listening
1 Read the description opposite of a TV programme called Faking it.

Which of the identities below do you think a female singer in a choir
might be asked to take?
a fashion photographer
a rock singer
a racing driver
a television director
012 Listen to an account of choirgirl Laura-Jane Foley's experiences

in Faking it and answer these questions.
a Did you guess correctly in I?
b Did Laura-Jane 'fake it' successfully?
017.
Listen again and choose the best answer for 1-7.
1 How did Laura-Jane and the programme-makers first make contact?

A The programme-makers emailed lots of choir singers, including
Laura-Jane.
B Laura-Jane phoned the TV company.
C The programme-makers went to see her choir.
2 Laura-Jane was amazed that
A the programme-makers were interested in a Cambridge student.
B so many people from the TV company went to see her.
C the programme-makers started filming so soon.
3 Laura-Jane's new identity was going to be
A BJ, lead singer of the band Remake.
B JJ, lead singer of the band Reload.
C LJ, lead singer of the band Rehab.
4 According to Laura-Jane, why were arguments with Harry inevitable?
A Harry leads a real rock singer's lifestyle.
B Harry and Laura-Jane both have strong opinions.
C They only had four weeks for all the training.
5 Laura-Jane thought her first rock concert
A was not very safe.
B was frightening but fun .
C was fun, but not something she'd want to do again.
6 In what sense was Laura-Jane's training a failure?
A She didn't really change her style or attitude.
B She didn't enjoy the whole experience of becoming a rock singer.
C She didn't make the judges believe that she was a real rock singer.
7 One positive result of the experience is that it made Laura-Jane
A change her views on life.
B become a more confident person.
C change her opinion of rock singers.
Look at the challenges in 1 again and discuss in pairs which one you would
most like to try. Say why, and how successful you think you would be.
-.e
Unit 5
Faking it is a TV show which

challenges people to adopt a
completely new identity. Can they
learn the new skills, style and
attitude so well that, at the end
of the four weeks, even experts
do not realise that they're faking
it? There is always a big contrast
between each person's real life
and the new identity that they
are asked to adopt. For example,
in one programme, a quiet,
shy chess player had to become
the manager of a football team.
And in another, a singer in a
punk rock band became the
conductor of a classical
orchestra. The interesting part of
the show is not only whether they
manage to fool the experts, but
also what they learn about
themselves as people.
Speaking
Part 1
1 Read questions a-f below and in pairs brainstorm some ideas and words you
might use to answer them.
a
b
c
d
e
What's your ideal holiday destination and why?

Are you a fan of new technology? Why/ Why not?
Do you enjoy eating out? Why/ Why not?
Do you judge people by the way they dress?
Tell me about something that went wrong for you recently.
What are your earliest memories?
Listen to five people answering questions from 1 and answer a-c.
a Which question was not answered?

b Did you hear any of the words from your list?
c What other words gave away which question the speaker was answering?
.,
Listen again. Match each speaker from 2 to two of the phrases below,
one from each language box .
Allowing
rself time to think
Speaker
I need to think for a moment.

That's an interesting question.
Well, it's difficult to say, really
Let me see.
It depends what you mean, exactly.
Introducing your answer

Speaker
I guess the honest answer would be .

I suppose the simplest answer to that question is ...
If I think about it, I suppose.
On balance, I think.
The best example that comes to mind is .
Ifft\
In the exam, because you will not know what questions you are going to
. , be asked, you may need to give yourself time to think before answering.
Work in pairs as Student A and B and do the following.
Student A ask B three of the questions from 1 and pay attention to the answers.
Student B answer two of A's question honestly, but invent the answer to the
other. Try to include phrases from 3 in your answers.
Student A try to guess which of Student B's answers was invented.
Swap roles so that Student B asks three questions.
Unit 5
Ci)
Use of English
Negative

again carefully and complete gaps 1-10 w ith
words formed from those below.
0 distinguish
1 possible
2 aware
refixes
act
4 practical
5 immediate
3
Common negative prefixes in English are un-, in-, (im-,

il-, ir - ) and dis-. They can be added to certain verbs,
but more often to adjectives and adverbs.
wrap - unwrap
practical - impractical
appear - disappear
honestly - dishonestly
Read the information about negative prefixes.

Then add negative prefixes to a-g, checking in
a dictionary if necessary.
a
b
c
d
active
allow
legal
injured
possible
sane
g sympathetically
Choose the correct word from those you formed

in 1 to complete these sentences.
a 'Stop crying and go home,' she said ................... .
b He was lucky to escape from the
accident ..
c In many countries it's ..... ...... to drive a ca r
without wearing a seatbelt.
d Why did the referee .......................... that goal? It
looked OK to me!
e According to Einstein, it 's ................................ to travel
faster than the speed of light.
f The volcano had been ........................ for
hundreds of years before it erupted.
g You'd have to be
........ to swim
in that water - it's full of sharks!
Read the text opposite, ignoring the gaps,

to find out what the two characters in
the pictures have in common .
. e
Unit 5
7
8
9
10
real
technology
likely
appear
questionable
how
aware - unaware
Read the text once, ignoring the gaps, to find out

what it is about.
Look at the context of each missing word and
work out what part of speech it must be .
Find a word related to the base word which is
the correct part of speech
Read your completed text to check that it
makes sense.
Does it matter whether you are watching a real

actor or a computer-generated actor, if you can't
tell the difference? Why/Why not?
Vocabulary
Idioms connected with speech
1
Match expressions a-h with definitions 1-8.

a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
2
3
4
omputergenerated im ages are now so

lifelike that, in photos at least, they are almost
indistinguishable
from the real world.
hough it is more challenging to produce computergenerated video images that are
.... to tell
apart from real videos , the technology is improving rapidly.
hen audiences around the world watched the film
r anic, most of them were probably
.....
that
any of the actors were not human. The people jumping
r falling from the ship as it sinks are in fact computergen erated
- or 'synthespia ns', as they are
sometimes known. It would have been
and extremely dangerous, to use real actors for these
scenes. The film Gladiator also uses synthespians for
some spectacular crowd scenes which would have been
mpossible with real actors. Of course , in both of these
; ms, we do not see close-up shots of the computergenerated characters because it would have been
. obvious that they were not real. More
'ecent films have included computer-generated actors
as main characters (for example, Gollum in The Lord of
: e Rings) , or even characters who are a mix of real and
::om puter-generated images, such as Davy Jones in
"irates of the Caribbean 2. A
human face
s t he most difficult challenge, but eventually,
progress brought us
4vatar, the first full-length film with 3D characte rs and
3 f ully computer-generated 3D world. However, it is :
-hat the rise of com puter-generated characters will ever
cau se human actors to IiJ
. completely. Who
,liould become a fan of an actor who did not exist in the
' eal world? But their mJ
benefits when it
" omes to fantasy chara cters , stunts and crowd scenes ,
surely mean that synthespians are here to stay.
5
6
7
8
HH.HH.
speak out against something

speak your mind
get to the point
get the wrong end of the stick
talk about someone behind their back
talk down to someone
talk someone into (doing) something
talk someone out of (doing) something
say bad things about someone without them
knowing
say publicly that something is bad
persuade someone not to do something
talk to someone as if they are not very
intelligent
persuade someone to do something
mis understand
say exactly what you think
begin the most important part of what you want
to say
Complete sentences a-h w ith the correct form of

the expressions in l.
a She's a politician who
all forms of
injustice.
b Even though we were teenagers, some teachers
still ....
. .. us, as if we were you ng
children.
c My au nt insisted on taking three suitcases on
holiday, even though we tried to ......................
it.
d My cousin took fifteen minutes to .......
and ask to borrow some money.
e I think you've .
- I only want to have
dinner at this hotel, I don't need a room .
Tanya was upset to find out that two of her best
friends had been
g At first I didn't want to go skiing, but in the end
it.
my friends .
h My dad is very direct. He always ............................. ,
even if it offends people from time to time.
H.H . H
Unit 5
CD .-
Writing
Part 2 An essay
1
2
Read the model question

explain the term 'white l.a?? essay below, then
Ch
le ill your own words
oose the correct verbs to
.
expressions, then check
complete these common
them in the essay in 1. your answers by finding
a to say/ tell a lie
b to say/ tell the truth
c to damage'/h urt somebody's f ['

d to feel/sense guilt y
ee mgs
e when it cam es!.goes to important matters
You have had a class d '

'
Y~ur teacher has asked scussIon
~bout honesty.
wIth the title' Is h
you to wnte an essay
W '
,
onesty alway.s th
nte your essay in 120- 180 words,
e best poh'cy?
IS HONESTY ALWAYS THE BEST POLICY?

We teach our children from a young age that it is wrong
to tell a lie. However, as adults we often find that we
need to avoid telling the truth to avoid hurting
somebody's feelings.
Small lies (or 'white lies') to protect other people's feelings
are an everyday part of life. When friends ask for your
opinion, they sometimes want reassurance, not honest
criticism, 'Do yOU like my new coat?' requires a positive
answer, even if you hate the coat. Most people tell white
lies like this all the time, without feeling guilty or
immoral.
It is true that there are people who refuse to lie, even if
telling the truth is unpopular. These people always speak
their mind, nO matter how insensitive other people might
find them. Their friends usually accept this as part of
their personality, and may even admire it.
In conclusion, 1 believe that for most of us , honesty is
the best policy when it comes to important matters.
However, white lies are a frequent and necessary part
of our social life.
-. CD Unit 5
In pairs, brainstorm ideas for an essay with the

same title as the one in the model. Use these ideas
to help you.
a attitudes towards lying and honesty: schools,
parents, the law
b situations when you might lie to protect
somebody's feelings
c situations when you might lie for other reasons
(e.g. to avoid an argument)
d situations when you should tell the truth,
whatever the consequences
e possible negative consequences of 'white lies'
your personal conclusion
Divide the ideas in 3 into four paragraphs,
following the same pattern as in the model.
paragraph 1
paragraph 2
paragraph 3
paragraph 4
a few introductory ideas

examples of when honesty may
not always be the best policy
examples that support the
opposite side of the argument
a personal opinion to sum up
Decide in which paragraph or paragraphs of your

essay you might be able to use each of phrases a-k.
a To sum up, .. .
b In addition, .. .
c In conclusion, ...
d To begin with, it is important to ...
e On the other hand, ...
f Firstly, it is worth considering ...
g I'd like to begin by ...
h Furthermore, ...
To summarise, then ...
j However, it could be argued that ...
k An example of this would be ...
Read the phrases in the language box below and

find one which is used in the model answer.
Introducing acts and opinions

People often find that .
Some people believe that ... but others insist ...
It is true that .
It is often said that .
Nobody could deny that.
It is sometimes suggested that .
When giving different points of view, avoid using I;

. , mstead use Impersonal phrases like the ones in the
language box.
7 Use the phrases in the language box to introduce

some of the ideas you brainstormed in 3.
Example It's sometimes suggested that it's
unacceptable to lie to a police officer.
8 Write your answer to the essay question in
1. Use
your ideas and paragraph plan from 3 and 4, and
useful phrases from 5 and 6.
Unit 5
CD .
Review
1
Complete sentences a-f with the most appropriate

of these verbs.
begged
shouted
confessed
boasted
whispered
insisted
a 'I'm earning five times as much as my brother,'

he ....................... .
b 'I'm afraid I've lost those keys: he ........................ .
in his ear.
c 'I've seen this film before: she .
d 'My car is on fire!' she .....
e 'Please, please, stop singing! ' he .
'I really will be on time tomorrow: he ..
Rewrite the sentences in 1 as reported speech.
Add negative prefixes to these words.

a
..... ..... civilised
e .. .............. sincere
b ................. accurate
f
... grateful
c ................... logical
g .. .. .......... tolerant
d .. ......... .. probable
h ..................... loyal
'".,
Use the words from 3, with or without the negative

prefix, to complete these sentences.
a I'm very ................. for the help you have given me.
b The earliest attempts to measure the size of the
Earth were surprisingly ..................... , given the lack
of scientific instruments available at the time.
c My parents are very .................... - they don't let me
play loud music!
d That dog was a ................ friend to me for 15 years.
e It's .
..... to choose to go on a cruise to the
Arctic and then complain about the cold weather.
f I believed everything you told me because I
thought you were ................. .
g It's rather .................... to wipe your nose on your sleeve.
h Cars are a .................... cause of climate change.
Complete sentences a-e with an appropriate word.

a I'm going bungee jumping and nobody is going
to talk me ................... of it.
b Martin Luther King Jr spoke .................. against racism.
c I think I've got the wrong .
..... of the stick.
I thought you wanted to go out tonight?
d Please get to the ..................... - I haven't got all day!
e Have you talked your parents
....... paying for
your holiday?
-. CD
Unit 5
Read the text and complete gaps 1-10 with words

formed from those below.
0 discover
collect
2 examine
3 appear
4 connect
5 believable
6 follow
7 science
8 care
9 old
10 honest
N 1912, a scientific (O) qi~c..ove:ry made

newspaper headlines around the world. An
amateur fossil (1) .... .......... ..... called Charles

Dawson took a 500,000-year-old skull to a museum .
... of the skull , the
After a thorough (2)
scientists told Dawson that it belonged to a kind
of ape that had (3) .
from the Earth
thousands of years earlier. It represented a missing
(4) ...
... between modern humans and their
ape ancestors. It was an (5) .. ..
. ....... important
piece of the jigsaw and became known as
'Piltdown Man'.
Dawson told the scientists that he intended to
collect more fossils from the same location. Over
the (6) .. .
few years, he took other bones
to the museum and the scientists gave Piltdown
Man a (7) ..
. ..... . name: Eoanthropus dawson.
However, in 1953, three scientists from the
British museum re-examined the bones
(8) .................................. and uncovered the truth: the bones
were a mixture of human and animal bones. They
had been covered in a special substance to make
them look (9)
.. .. ... ... than they really were.
Piltdown Man was a fake and Charles Dawson
had been (10)
about the fossils from
the beginning!
Leadin
1
Look at the photos. Say whether or not you would

enjoy these ways of travelling. Give reasons,
thinking about the following and your own ideas.
scenery
speed
comfort
company
In pairs think of as many reasons as you can why

people go on holiday. Discuss your ideas with
another pair.
In many countries people are taking longer, more

frequent and more expensive holidays than in
previous generations. Why do you think this is?
Think about
work and pay
cost of travel
the Internet
lifestyles and interests
Unit 6
G.-
Slovenian man's 5,265 km

Amazon swim
Reading
1 Read the newspaper headlines opposite. Discuss what problems

these people might have faced on their journeys, and which
you think was most difficult.
Read the text opposite quickly to find out what journey David Cornthwaite
made. Think of a possible newspaper headline to describe it.
Match adjectives a-e with nouns 1-5, then check your answers
in the text, and explain what the phrases mean.
a
b
c
d
e
epic
articulated
constant
four-wheel drive
motivational
1 lorry
2 vehicle
3 journey
4 speech
5 pain
British women
reach North and
South Poles on foot
Read the text again carefully and choose the best answers for 1-8.
1 Why did David Cornthwaite decide to skateboard
across Australia?
A He was an experienced skateboarder.
B He wanted to break a world record.
C He was bored with his life and wanted
to try something different.
D Somebody gave him a guidebook about Australia.
2 His preparation in Britain was
A successful, but painful.
B successful, but more time-consuming than planned.
C successful, but more difficult than he had realised.
D unsuccessful because he got injured.
3 What made David fall off his skateboard several
times in Australia?
A thunderstorms in the Outback
B the trains that race across the Outback
C the injuries on his feet
D the wind created by huge lorries going past
4 At times, David felt as though he
A needed to stop for a while.
B wanted to give up completely.
C wanted to get out of the sun.
D needed a new pair of shoes.
Across the USA

on a lawn mower
5 During the journey, where did David sleep at night?

A in a four-wheel drive vehicle
B in a tent
C outdoors on the Nullarbor Plain
D in the homes of his supporters
6 David fell off his skateboard because
A he was going too fast.
B he was exhausted and in pain.
C he didn't see a hole in the road .
D he was thinking about finishing his journey.
7 Why does David think surfing is a good thing
to do after his journey?
A He can stay close to Brisbane.
B He's always wanted to surf on the Gold Coast.
C He wants to strengthen the top half of his body.
D He needs to keep his legs strong.
8 What does David hope to do eventually?
A encourage other people to feel more
positive about themselves
B put his skateboard away
C return to work as a designer
D persuade other people to make
long-distance journeys
Work in pairs. Role-play an interview with one of the people from the headlines in l.
Include these questions and add your own ideas.
a 'How do you feel, now that you've finished your epic journey?'
b 'What were the worst moments along the way?'
c 'Have you got any similar treks in mind for the future?'
- . G Unit 6
27-year-old graphic designer from Oxfordshire in

England completed a record-breaking journey across
Australia yesterday. It was a 5,800 kilometre odyssey
- and he travelled the whole distance on a skateboard .
David Cornthwaite, who started skateboarding less than
5
two years ago, decided on his epic journey after waking up
one morning and realising he hated his job. 'I thought, the
only thing keeping me going is the skate to and from work .
was a bit disillusioned and I was looking for something
new,' he said. 'I saw a Lonely Planet guide to Australia .
10
There was a map on the back. Perth was on one side and
Brisbane on the other and I thought, "that'll do".'
He decided to prepare by skateboarding from John

O'Groats to Lands End: the two pOints furthest apart on
t he British mainland. That 1,442 kilometre trek, which he
finished in June, took just over a month, during which an
infected blister swelled to the 'size of a tennis ball'.
15
Crossing Australia on a skateboard brought unique

challenges. The wind caused by huge road trains,
the articulated lorries that thunder across 20
the Outback, was so powerful that he
was sometimes blown off his board.
Multiple blisters and aching ankles,
toes and feet, have kept him in
almost constant pain for the 25
last six weeks. 'I feel like
an old man. I'm not sure
that anyone has ever had
this many blisters,' he
said. Temperatures of 30
40C and above mean
that he has used more
than a dozen tubes of factor 30 sunscreen. 'There have

been moments where I thought "this is ridiculous, I have
to rest", but I never contemplated giving up.' He has worn
through 13 pair of shoes and has an over-developed right
calf muscle which he compares to 'a giant chicken fillet '.
Skating an average of 50 kilometres a day and hitting
speeds of up to 50kph on downhill runs , he left Perth,
Western Australia , and skated across the fearsome
Nullarbor Plain into South Australia. After reaching
Adelaide he made his way to Melbourne and from there
to Sydney. A support team of seven people trailed him
all the way in a four-wheel drive vehicle, which included
camping equipment for night stops. The journey has
smashed the previous record for a long-distance
skateboard, set by an American, Jack Smith, who
covered 4,800 kilometres across the US in 2003.
David Cornthwaite was less than three kilometres from
the end of his epic journey when he hit a hole and was
thrown off his skateboard, suffering cuts and bruises
to his shoulders, knees, hips and elbows. 'I was only
going at 40km at the time, so although it wasn 't pretty,
it could have been a lot worse,' he said.
35
40
45
50
In the short term, he hopes to spend the next few days

55
surfing on the Gold Coast, south of Brisbane, to build up
some much-needed upper body strength. 'I've got huge
legs but a skinny body - it's a bit ridiculous. I need to give
my body a chance to warm down and surfing sounds ideal.
For the time being I'm hanging up my skateboard.' In the 60
longer term, he plans to give motivational speeches and
write a book. Another long-distance journey is also on the
cards. 'I 'm certainly not going back to the day job,' he said.
Unit 6
. -
Vocabulary
Grammar
Travel
Modal verbs: advice, ability,

prohibition and obligation
Decide which word in each of a-f does not belong.

Say what connects the other three words.
a platform check-in departure lounge customs
b hand luggage baggage overhead locker suitcase
c sail wing cabin mast
d bus driver flight attendant ticket inspector
propeller
e barge ferry hovercraft scooter
f passport ticket ticket office visa
GR p169-170
1
Choose the correct verb in phrases a-f.

a to board/ to mount a plane
b to lift/ to pick up a passenger
c to get onto/ to get into a motorbike
d to change/ to move trains
e to cancel/to take away a flight
f to get onto/ to get into a car
3 Complete the email with words and phrases from 1

and 2 in the correct form.
2 Read the sentences in 1 again and answer

questions a-c.
a Which three different modals can we use for
giving advice, and which is the most emphatic?
b Which modal do we use for obligation in its
affirmative form, and prohibition in its negative
form?
c Which modal do we use to talk about ability in
the past and what is its present tense form?
New Message
What a terrible journey!! The taxi was late 0 picking

us ~ , so we got to the station two minutes
before our train left. There was a queue at the
1
,so we went straight to the 2_ _ __
and got onto the train, which was just about to
leave. When we tried to buy a ticket from the
3
, we discovered that we were on the
wrong train. We had to get off at the next station
and 4
trains, which is a nightmare when
you're carrying four large 5
!
At the airport, we queued for an hour at 6_ _ __
to get our boarding pass and then we waited in the
7
for two hours before being called to the
the
gate. When they finally allowed us to 8
plane, I found that I'd been given a window seat,
even though I'd asked for an aisle seat. And to cap
it all, the plane sat on the runway for fifty minutes
because of a technical problem.
The end of the flight was just as bad. We landed
with a huge bump, the 9
above my seat
flew open, and my own 10
fell down and hit
me on the shoulder.
-.G
Unit 6
Choose the correct modal verb in sentences a-g.

a You really could/ must go to the Picasso museum
while you're in Barcelona - it's fantastic!
b I don't think you should/ must take the car. The
shops are only a few hundred metres away!
c You can't/ mustn't lose your boarding pass. You
can't/ mustn't board the plane without it.
d I think you ought to/may go by train - it's much
faster than the coach .
e Martin should/could see the train pulling away
from the platform, but he can't/couldn't reach it
in time.
f You can't/ mustn't drive when you're tired. It's
dangerous.
g To avoid risk of injury, passengers must/ may
remain seated during take-off and landing.
Work in pairs, Student A and Student B. Take it in

turns to listen to your partner's problems and give
advice, using a variety of appropriate modal verbs.
Use the ideas below or your own.
A's problems
need to improve English - new job three
months' time
argued with friend - won't answer phone calls
headaches every evening, especially using
computer or TV
B's problems
interview next week - don't know anything
about company
friend's birthday - haven't got any money
fancy dress party - Hollywood theme - can't
think what to wear
We only use could to talk about general ability in

the past, or with verbs of perception (see, hear, etc.).
We don't use it for a single action; we normally use
Complete the text below using modal verbs in

the correct form. More tha n one answer may
be possible.
m anaged to.
-...
Read the tip box. Then find and correct two

examples in the text where could should be
managed to.
I stood on the beach and waved my arms,
shouting. Eventually, I could attract Harry's
attention and he steered the boat in our direction.
He couldn't come too close to the beach in case
the boat became grounded, so we waded out to
meet it. The waves were quite strong, and I could
see that Jacqui was nervous. I remembered that
Mark could swim, but Jacqui couldn't. I held her
arm as the water became deeper. When the boat
came alongside, I could grab hold of the ladder
and hold it steady while she climbed aboard.
Complete sentences a-f with must, mustn't, have/

has to or don't have to .
........... park there. It's for emergency
a You ..... .
vehicles only.
b You ................................ wear your seatbelt during
the whole flight, but it 's advisable to keep it
fastened while you're in your seat.
c Please note that all passengers .....
check in at least 45 minutes before the
scheduled departure time.
d There's no bus into town, so I always ..
walk or cycle.
e People over 65 ................. pay to travel by bus it's free .
........ smoke on any flight.
These days, you ..
Greener
Travel
are no doubt aware of the negative

impact which international travel has on the
environment, but you may not realise how much
you 1 ... .. do to minimise it. And you 2 . . . . .
give up travelling altogether - you 3 make
a difference just by taking a few simple measures.
OU
Your efforts 4 . ... start even before leaving

home. You 5 . . ... . leave TVs, hi-fis and other
electrical equipment on standby because that
wastes a surprising amount of electricity.
While on holiday, you 6 .. . . . . use public
transport when available, rather than hiring
a car. If you're staying in a hotel, remember
that you 7 . .... . have clean towels every
day, you 8 ......... easily re-use them. And
of course, you absolutely 9 . avoid
buying souvenirs that are made from
endangered species.
Unit 6
G.-
Listening
Look at travel problems a-f and decide which

forms of transport they could apply to.
a The crossing was cancelled owing to bad
weather.
b We had a flat tyre.
c The driver got lost.
d We ran out of petrol.
e We missed our stop.
f We couldn't find our tickets.
You will hear people talking in seven

different situations. Listen, and for questions 1-7
choose the best answer (A, B or C).
1 You hear a conversation in a travel agent's.
What is the customer's attitude?
A demanding
B indecisive
C complaining
2 You hear part of a radio documentary about a
man who travelled through America.
How many different ways did Mark travel?
A by bike, on foot and by boat
B by bike and on foot
C by bike
3 You hear a weather forecast.
How many types of transport are mentioned?
A three
B four
C five
4 You will hear a woman talking about a decision
she made.
What was the main reason for her decision?
A to be different to everyone else
B to avoid boredom in her life
C to raise awareness of issues she cares
about
-.G
Unit 6
5 You hear an inventor talking.

How long has he been working on his latest
invention?
A since he was a boy
B since before his grandad's death
C since his visit to China
6 You hear two people talking.
How does the receptionist deal with the
customer?
A unhelpfully
B unkindly
C impatiently
7 You hear Sally talking to her friend.
What is Sally's main problem?
A She's damaged her brother's bike.
B Her bike is broken.
C She's hurt her leg.
~ Remember that in the exam there are eight

'Il.i' unrelated texts.
3 In pairs, take it in turns to find out about your
partner's worst travel experience. Use these ideas
to help you.
where they were going from and to

what time of year it was
who they were travelling with
what form of transport they used
how long the journey should have taken and
how long it actually took
HELICOPTER TRIP
Speaking
Part 3
Look at the advertisements for trips and excursions from Cairo.

Decide which one
a
b
c
d
DESERT
Listen to five short dialogues and match them with the

advertisements. Which words gave you the answers?
1 Listen again and match two of phrases a-j to each dialogue (1-5).
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
AFARI
wo-day camping
excursion by jeep
probably takes the shortest time.

probably involves sleeping in a tent.
has the slowest form of transport.
may include swimming in the sea.
... seems like the best option to me.

If you ask me, I really think we should...
Personally, I'm in favour of ...
Believe me, ...
I'm sure it will be worth it.
Let's go for it.
... don't you agree?
I'm really keen on the idea of ...
But just think of the ...
Oh, come on!
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
In pairs, use phrases from 3 to talk about how enjoyable you think
each excursion might be, and why. Decide which one to go on.
Work in pairs, taking turns to be A and B, and do the following.

Student A: Think of two different excursions that you could go on
in your own country or region. Describe them to your partner. Say
what you would see

how you would travel
how long the excursion would last
Student B: Say which one you would prefer to go on and why.
Unit 6
G.-
Use of English
For each of a-f, decide which of

1-6 below can replace the words
or phrases in bold.
a Please leave your mobile number
at reception so that
we can contact you in an
emergency.
b I couldn't remember if I'd left
my key in my hotel room.
c This room does not look as if it
has been cleaned.
d The cafe is open all day, while
the main restaurant only opens
at meal times.
e We may as well have breakfast,
seeing that it's included
in the room rate.
The hotel has a gymnasium and
a swimming pool.
1 as though
2
3
4
5
6
as well as
in order that
since
whereas
whether
Read the example. Then, for each of a-f, write a sentence with the
same meaning. Replace the word in bold with a word or phrase win
the opposite meaning, and make any other changes necessary.
Example Her parents won't buy her a car unless she
passes her driving test.
(unless -+ if)
passes -+ fails
Her parents won't buy her a car if she fails
her driving test.
a
b
c
d
e
Passengers must not stand while the coach is moving.

Phone me if you know that your flight won't be on time.
Travelling by bus is cheaper than travelling by taxi.
The more expensive seats are more comfortable.
When there's a lot of traffic, the journey is slower.
The use of mobile phones is forbidden during the flight.
3 Rewrite each sentence a-f keeping the meaning the same. Use two
to five words, including the word given.
a If the flight is on time, we should arrive at the hotel before 9pm.
provided
We should get to the hotel by 9pm .
late.
b You might need to get a taxi, so take some money with you.
case
Take some money with you .
to ge
a taxi.
c This year's holiday was less enjoyable than last year's.
fun
Last year's holiday
this year's.
...HH
HH
H H . H H
H . H
H.H
H.
HH.
d Travellers are not allowed to bring pets into the UK unless they
have a 'pet visa'.
only
into the UK if th
Travellers can ..
have a 'pet visa'.
e The journey was better than I'd expected.
bad
The journey ...
. ............. as I'd expected.
f
That ferry seems to be leaning to one side.

though
That ferry looks .
G Unit 6
to one side.
Vocabulary
Idioms with come and go
1
Choose the correct verb to complete sentences a-h. Use a dictionary

to check your answers and make sure you understand the meaning of
the phrases in italics.
a I refused to pay the mechanic's bill in full because the work didn't
come/go up to scratch.
b She'd always loved Tom Cruise, so meeting him at the film premiere
was a dream come/gone true.
c As far as rooms come/go, it was OK, but it was nothing special.
d When it comes/goes to sailing, I know almost nothing.
e I can get by in French and Spanish, although languages don't come/
go easily to me.
f My brother passed his driving test at the sixth attempt, which just
comes/goes to show that you should never give up!
g We had a flat tyre just after we set off, and after that, the journey
came/ went from bad to worse.
h I tried to think of a clever reply, but nothing came/ went to mind.
Read the text below, then rewrite the underlined parts (1-8) using
phrases from 1.
As far as holidays are concerned (1) I usually choose

something cheap, so you can imagine my surprise
when my husband booked a cruise. Compared to
most cruise ships (2) ours was not particularly
large or luxurious, and we were disappointed that
there were no staff to help us with our luggage.
The situation got even worse (3) however, when
we finally found our accommodation. It was small,
badly furnished and dirty. What we thought of
first (4) was a prison cell, not a lUXury cabin. Like
many people, I don't find it easy to complain (S),
but on this occasion I had to say something because
the accommodation simply wasn't satisfactory (6).
Reluctantly, the staff agreed to move us to another,
slightly more comfortable cabin, which proves (7)
that complaining can work. But some of the
passengers were heartbroken; they had been looking
forward to the holiday of a lifetime, but this cruise
was a nightmare rather than a really enjoyable
experience (8) .
Unit 6
G.-
Writing
Read the emails below, and say in what order Maria answers Sonia's questions.
ew Message
f'
r
=~
Attach
To:
Maria
From:
Sonia
Address
ronts
Colors
S'lVe As Or aft
Subject: Coming to stay
Yes. Sa.-Ij Wha.-f.
Dear Maria
Thanks for your kind invitation to come and stay with you. I'm going to take you up
)
on it! I'll be coming over in August for three weeks. Is there a lot to do in August? ~
I'd like to bring a little present for your parents. Do they like chocolates? Anyway,
I'm arriving on 4th A..M<fust at 11.30 a.m. What's the best way to get to your house?
Yes, but
Jt10 Jt1eedv to ~ bnJt1g IVIUC-h. Love
Tct;<'/, or bus to tOWJt1 c-eJt1tre ..
Sonia
ew Message
r
'>end
:: ..
Attach
To :
Sonia
From:
Maria
Address
Fonts
Colors
S~ve As
Draft
Subjec : RE: Coming to stay

Dear Sonia
I'm so glad to hear that you are finally coming to visit me! I'm dying to see you again.
It's so long since we last saw each other - it must have been three years ago when we
did that summer course. We had such a good time with Luis, Carl and the rest. I wonder
what they are all up to now? Have you kept in touch?
When it comes to entertainment, you've chosen a good month to visit. There's lots to
do. Make sure you bring your swimming gear. As for getting from the airport to our
house, you'd be best off taking a taxi, as you're less likely to get lost! However, if you
want something cheaper, there are frequent buses from outside terminal 2 to the town
centre. You can check out the bus times on the airport website.
Since you ask about presents, my parents both love chocolate and stuff like that although you really don't have to bring anything at all. Whatever you do, don 't spend
loads of money, my parents wouldn't feel comfortable about that.
Love
Maria
- . G Unit 6
LJ
Read the how to do it box and say which of the advice Maria has
followed and which she hasn't.
how
Begin by saying something about the email you have received.
Divide what you want to say into different topics in separate paragraphs
Make sure you've included all the information required.
Don't include any unnecessary information.
Check the number of words you have written.
Find informal words or phrases in Maria's email that mean a-d.

c things of that kind
d a large amount of
a very keen to
b have a look at
Read the phrases in the language box and say which ones Maria has used .
Expressions for giving advice

Whatever you do, don't.
Make sure you ...
Be sure to ...
You really must.
You'd be best off (+ -ingform)
You have received an email from your English-speaking friend, Paula,

who is planning to visit you next month. Read her email and the notes
you have made. Then write an email reply in 120-150 words.
ew Message
Attach
Address
rants
Colors
Save As Draft
To:
From:
==
Subject: Visit
Hi!
G-,ve d.efaded.
,JIIsiruc.f,oJIIs
-4-~--r--
Suggest
Paula
I'm really looking forward to seeing you next month. I've just booked
my flight. My plane gets in around 4pm, it normally takes about
an hour to go through immigration, customs, and so on, so I'll
probably get away from the airport around 5pm. What's the best
way to get to your house from there?
I'd like to go on a few trips while I'm there. What are the best places
to visit? How about coming with me on some of the excursions? Are
you going to have much free time next month? - -_ _ __
I'd better go and look for my passport now. By the way, as you know,
I'm starting my art degree next year, so I'd love to visit some museums
and galleries while I'm staying with you. Are there any near you?
Best wishes
Paula
G-,ve d.efa,{s
No, bee-ause ...
Unit 6
G.
Review
1
as though
Complete the sentences with words from the box.

bu s driver
visa
ferry
ticket hand luggage
whereas
flight attendant
overhead lockers
in order that
whether
Choose the correct verb in sentences a-e.
3 Rewrite sentences a-h to include a n appropriate

modal verb. Do not change the meaning of the
sentences.
a It's essential for you to wear a helmet when
you're riding a motorbike.
b From our first floor apartment, we were able
to hear noises in the street below.
c It was impossible for us to reach the airport
in time.
d Is it OK for me to have a seat by the aisle?
e I advise you not to drink the tap water when
you're staying in a hotel.
f It isn't necessary for you to tell me, I already
know where you've been!
g Only seven students were able to finish the
exam within the time allowed.
h I recommend that she visits the Eye Museu m
while she's in Brazil.
G Unit 6
since
e were particularly keen to see leopards on our

safari. Elephants are quite common in this part
of Tanzania, (1) .. .... .. zebra and antelope,
(2)
leopards are comparatively rare. (3)
leopards are nocturnal, it was recommended that we
go out in the jeep at night. We set off at dusk, and after
two hours without any luck, it really felt (4) ...
the
excursion was gOing to be a waste of time. Then
suddenly, we heard some movement in the bushes.
The driver turned off the engine (5)
the noise
wouldn't frighten the animals away, and we waited to
find out (6)
... our dreams of seeing a leopard were
finally going to come true. And then, with a low grOWl, a
leopardess and her two cubs stepped into the clearing.
a Our minibus seemed to stop every two minutes

to board/ pick up more passengers.
b Is it a direct service, or do I need to change/pick
up trains in Boston?
c Ignoring the crowd of journalists, the minister
got into/got onto his car and drove off.
d It was impossible to leave New York by air that
night; the snow meant that all flights had been
cancelled/ changed.
e Passengers must wait in the departure lounge
until it is time to board/get into the flight.
as well as
scooter
a As well as a passport you'll also need a

............ to enter many countries.
b Cars are not allowed on the
, but
you can take a bicycle or ........................ .
c Please try to give the ............................ the correct
money for your .
d When we got on the plane, the ............... told
us to store our .. .................. in the ..... ..
Complete gaps 1-6 in the text with these words

and phrases.
Complete the second sentence so that it has a

similar mean ing to the first sentence, using the
word given. You must use between two and five
words, including the word given.
a The hotel room really wasn't satisfactory.
come
The hotel room really . .......................... scratch.
b It was a bumpy flight, and things got even
worse after we'd landed.
bad
It was a bumpy flight, and things ............ . ... to
worse after we'd landed.
c When my parents asked what I wanted for my
birthday, I couldn't think of anything.
came
When my parents asked what I wanted for my
birthday, . . ..........
mind.
d My sister is not bad at tennis, although she
doesn't find ball games easy.
easily
My sister is not bad at tennis, although ball
games . .
.... to her.
Leadin
In pairs, discuss which of these forms
of communication you use, when you

use them, and who you communicate
with.
e phone
a email
f blogging
b letter
g social networking
c postcard
d text message h chatroom
Discuss these questions.

a Are each of a-h in 1 generally more
popular with older or younger
people? Why?
b What are the advantages and
disadvantages of a-h in l?
Think about
cost
speed
convenience
degree of formality
the situation (e.g. personal
or business)
c Which of a-h in 1 will become
more popular in the future,
and which less popular, in your
opinion? Why?
Unit 7
e.-
Reading
USED to having a range of different forms of communication
Imagine you are lost in a

remote place and need to signal
for help to passing aircraft.
Explain how these items
might be useful.
at our fingertips 24 hours a day: mobile phones, email, instant

messaging ... But imagine a situation in which you are alone in
the wilderness, hoping to be rescued , with no way of calling for help. Would
5 you know how to communicate with your potential rescuers? Take a few
minutes to learn the codes - they might just save your life!
SMOKE SIGNALS
During the hours of darkness, fires are the most effective method of signalling.
Three fires in a triangle are an international distress signal which pilots and
rescue workers everywhere will understand. If you are in a jungle or forest,
10
try to find a clearing, otherwise the fires will not be visible from the air. A
burning tree is another way of attracting attention. Always select an isolated
tree so that you do not start a forest fire! During the day, fires are also a
good way of signalling, provided that they are producing a lot of smoke. The
international distress signal is three columns of smoke. Think about what
15 colour the smoke should be in order to stand out against the background.
Adding green vegetation to the fire produces white smoke; adding rubber
(for example, an old tyre) or clothing soaked in oil produces black smoke.
Read the text opposite about

emergency signals to check
your ideas from 1. Explain the
'obvious reason' mentioned in
the final sentence.
-. e
Unit 7
Which section mentions a

signal which
1 should be made only briefly?
2 is the best one to use at
night?
3 should be in a different
colour according to the
situation?
4 can only be used when an
aircraft is very close?
5 does not require any
equipment or materials?
6 could cause widespread
damage if you chose the
wrong place?
7 could be made with a large
piece of material?
8 can potentially be seen from
very great distances?
9 might use parts of a tree to
make shapes and letters?
10 might involve burning
leaves?
11 can be used to ask for a
message to be repeated?
can
be used to request
12
specific items?
13 could be mistaken for an
attack?
14 may work even if the sky is
not clear?
IS involves an aircraft moving
in a particular direction?
MIRROR SIGNALS
On a bright, sunny day, the most effective method of signalling is a mirror.
In fact , pilots have reported seeing mirror flashes up to 160 kilometres
away. If you do not have a mirror, any shiny metal surface may work. Aim
th e mirror by holding up one finger of your other hand in line with the
aircraft. If you can hear an aircraft but can't see it because of cloud , shine
the mirror in the direction of the noise. Two words of caution , however.
Firstly, do not shine the mirror at the aircraft's cockpit for more than a few
seconds, as it might temporarily blind the pilot, which is not what you want
if you are hoping to be spotted. And secondly, if you are in a war zone, do
not flash the mirror rapidly towards the aircraft or the pilot may mistake the
signal for gunfire and avoid the area - or worse, return fire!
LONG RANGE GROUND-TO-AIR SIGNALS

Once you have been seen by an aircraft, it may be necessary to exchange
vital information without the use of a radio. For this reason , internationally
understood signals exist for ground-to-air and air-to-ground communication.
The person on the ground can create the symbols by any means possible leaves, branches, gaps in the snow, patterns on the sand - provided they
are large enough to be seen from the air. This usually means at least three
- metres long and a metre wide. A single line means 'serious injury, doctor
required ', while two capital ls mean 'all is well'. If you have a piece of cloth
big enough , such as a sail or life-raft cover, you can fold it into various
patterns to give information. Folding one corner means 'we need fuel , but
our plane is flyable'. Folding two corners means 'we need warm clothing'.
BODY SIGNALS AND PILOT'S REPLIES

When the aircraft is sufficiently low for the pilot to see you clearly, use
body movements to convey a message. Raising both hands above your
Read the text again carefully.

For questions 1-15, choose from
the sections A-D. The sections
may be chosen more than once.
In pairs, discuss the best way

of making SOS signals in these
different places.
a
a
a
a
rainforest
desert
mountain range
grassy plain
head means 'pick us up' if you keep them still , or 'do not attempt to land
here' if you move your hands to the side in an arc. If the pilot has seen and
understood your signal , he or she will make the aircraft rock from side to
sid e so the wings go up and down . If, however, the message has been seen
but not understood, the aircraft will fly in a clockwise circle overhead. For
obvious reasons, there is no signal which means 'message not seen '!
Unit 7
G.-
Vocabulary
Grammar
Th verb get
PaSSlves GR p170-171
get is a very common verb,

especially in spoken English It
has a number of meanings and is
used with prepositions and particles
to form many phrasal verbs.
In three minutes think of as

many meanings as you can
for the verb get. Compare your
answers in pairs, then check
in a dictionary.
Match 1-7 below with the

meanings of get in sentences
a-g.
a I don't get that joke.
b In Iceland it doesn't get dark
until about 11 or 12 o'clock
in the summer.
c I got a 'B' in my maths exam.
d She always gets hay fever in
the summer.
e I can never get my younger
daughter to eat any fruit.
What time did you get here?
g We're getting a new washing
machine next week.
1 suffer from (an illness)
2
3
5
6
7
understand
make (someone do
something)
achieved
become
arrive
buy
-.e
Unit 7
Read the newspaper article about mobile phone crime, then complete
the text beneath it with active verbs instead of passives.
Theft of mobiles
on the increase
A
on mobile phone crime in Britain is being

carried out by police. A police spokesperson said it was believed
that 50% of all street crime involved the theft of a mobile phone. Over
200 mobile phones an hour are thought to have been stolen in Britain
last year. Many of them are exported by gangs to Europe, Asia and Africa.
Stolen phones can be blocked by the phone networks for use in Britain,
but SIM cards can easily be replaced by thieves to make phones usable
abroad. The spokesperson added that an international database will be
set up by the phone companies to make all stolen handsets useless,
whatever their destination.
NATIONWIDE CRACKDOWN
Police (1) .................................. a nationwide crackdown on mobile phone

crime in Britain. A police spokesperson said they (2) ................................ that
50 % of all street crime involved the theft of a mobile phone. Police
(3) .... ........ that over 200 mobile phones an hour were stolen in
Britain last year. Gangs (4) .................. .......... many of them to Europe, Asia
and Africa. The phone networks (5) ................... stolen phones for
use in Britain, but the thieves can easily (6) .................................. SIM cards to
make phones usable abroad. The spokesperson added that the phone
companies (7) .................................. an international database to make all
stolen handsets useless, whatever their destination.
Complete these extracts from radio reports using

the correct verbs in the passive form .
hold
catch
'A man
discover
arrest
In the past it was thought that

swimming in the sea was bad for you.
In the past swimming in the sea was
thought to be bad for you.
by police last night after he

2 ............ shoplifting in a local store. Several
thousand pounds' worth of jewellery 3 ...
in
his pockets. He 4 .. ....... ... in police custody until
he appears in court tomorrow.'
.........
convict
fine
ddd
a Someone reported that a coach collided with a

lorry on the motorway last night.
b They thought the politician was telling the
truth.
c People believe the police have arrested the
wrong man.
d They expect that Mary will pass all her exams.
e People consider that he is one of the finest
writers alive.
f They believe that the woman was driving too
fast when she crashed into the tree.
stop
find
'Carl Hancock, a retired doctor, S .... 500

after 6 ................ of drunken driving. His car
7 ................... by police officers on the motorway and
he 8 .....
to have 150 milligrammes of alcohol
in his blood, almost twice the legal limit.'
d
. d d
Find examples of subject + modal verb + passive

infinitive in the article in 1. Then complete a-f using
the passive infinitive and the words in brackets.
a This film
... (can/ see) at cinemas all
over the country.
b In Japan, shoes
(must not/ wear) in
the house.
c The new football stadium
(should/
complete) before 2012.
.... (should never/ be
d The 9/ 11 terrorists
allowed) onto the planes .
................ (might not/kill)
e John F Kennedy
by Lee Harvey Oswald.
Look at the postmark. This letter
(must/ post) in London.
d
Read sentences 1 and 2 below and answer these

questions.
a How many objects does owe have in sentence
I? Which is the direct object and which is the
indirect object?
b In sentence 2, which object becomes the subject
of the passive verb: the direct object, or the
indirect object?
1 My brother owes me 50.
2 I'm owed 50 by my brother.
Make sentences a-e passive as in the example.

Include the agent, thinking carefully about its best
position in the sentence.
Example My boss offered me a promotion at work.
I was offered a promotion at work by
my boss.
d . d
Find examples of these structures in the article in 1.

a It + passive + that clause
b subject + passive + infinitive
Rewrite sentences a-f in the passive, as in the

example.
Example In the past people thought that
swimming in the sea was bad for you.
a Mr Fielding teaches us English.

b The online store will send me a receipt in
the post.
c The kidnappers have given him two days
to pay the ransom.
d My wife read the children a bedtime story.
e Her secretary brought her two letters to sign.
Unit 7
e.-
Listening
Speaking
Part 3 and 4
You will hear five people talking about

misunderstandings. Match the speakers with
misunderstandings A-F. There is one extra letter.
Speaker
Speaker
Speaker
Speaker
Speaker
1
2
3
4
5
went to the wrong meeting place

gave someone the wrong information
misheard directions to a place
misunderstood some instructions
misunderstood an invitation
F went to a meeting they weren't invited to
A
B
C
D
E
Look at the adverts for a language school that

wants to attract 14-16-year-olds to its summer
courses. Discuss these questions.
a How successful would the advertisements be?
b Which two would attract more students?
In pairs, tell each other about a misunderstanding

that you have been involved in. Use the phrases
below to help you .
I was under the impression that .. .

I thought that ... but in fact ...
Naturally I assumed that .. .
It turned out that ...
It was so embarrassing.
I was horrified.
I felt awful.
r felt such a fool.
We had a good laugh about it.
-.e
Unit 7
Listen to two students doing a Part 4 task.

Tick the questions the examiner asks and say
which candidate gives better answers.
a
Would you like to take a course at The Regal

Language School?
b What are the advantages and disadvantages of
studying English abroad?
c What are the advantages and disadvantages of
having an English teacher who cannot speak
your own language?
d Why do you think it's important to study
foreign languages?
Complete sentences a-f from the recording

with the correct phrasal verb, then listen again
and check your answers.
a So we ............................... off and I didn't bother to
check where we were going on the map.
b We got hopelessly lost because I'd .
down the wrong road.
c What was a problem was that Becky didn 't
. ............................. up.
d It ............................. out that they needed to discuss
what projects they were going to give me!
e He said they usually ............................. together with a
set of old friends from university, but why didn't
we .................. round for a drink.
f There was a big sales conference .
.. ... up.
What would be the advantages of doing a language

course in an English-speaking country, rather
than in your own country? Would there be any
disadvantages?
Read the ho to do t box. Then work in groups

of three and follow these instructions .
STUDENT A: You are the examiner. Ask some of
the questions in 3. Involve both Students Ba n d C
in the discussion. Keep the discussion going for
about three minutes .
STUDENTS Band C: You are the candidates . Answer

the q uestions . Give reasons for your opinions.
-.
ow
Listen to the examiner's questions.
Ask for repetition if necessary.
Give a full , confident answer.
Unit 7
CD .-
Use of English
Rewrite sentences a-g replacing the underlined

words with the correct form of these phrasal verbs.
Use your dictionary if necessary.
get at
get down get in
get through get up to
get on get out of
a How did you avoid going to that dreadful party?

b What page have you reached in the book you're
reading?
c We've used six litres of milk since your parents
arrived.
d Give me a break, will you? You're always
criticising me.
e What really depresses me about winter is the
long cold evenings.
f What time does yo ur flight arrive?
g 'Grandad's getting very forgetful. ' 'Well, he's
growing older, isn't he?'
Quickly read the text opposite, ignoring the gaps.

Has anything similar to the incidents described
ever happened to you or someone you know?
mail is a wonderful ..................... (0) of communication,

It's easy, it's fast - but sometimes just one little
click of the 'send' button can spell disaster.
How many times have emails been sent to the

..................... (1) person, or to several people
...... (2) just
one person? Dave Gethings got ..................... (3) trouble whel
he replied to a birthday invitation. He emailed back a
joking, but extremely rude reply, not only to his friend ,
but also to his manager, the secretaries, directors to .... ...... (4) in the company, in fact.
There are other cases of people forwarding emails ..

(5) purpose. Lawyer Richard Phillips emailed his
secretary ....
(6) her that she had spilt tomato
ketchup on his trousers at lunch and asking her to
pay the dry-cleaning bill for the .... (7) of 4. This
email, which was passed around many other law firms
was answered with a stinging reply by his secretary,
which also went round the legal world and even ..
(8) it into the national news! With the resulting publicit:
Mr Phillips was so embarrassed
at ................ (9) people considered to be his meanness
that he left his job.
Joseph Dobbie said that he wasn 't embarrassed when
his email was ..................... (10) around the world , but he
did have to change his telephone numbers. He had
sent a romantic email to a woman called Kate, who he
had met at a party. She had sent it to her sister, who
forwarded it to friends, who then forwarded it to more
friends. In the end he was getting
....... (11) from
people as ............... (12) away as Australia and the US!
So, before we send our next email, perhaps we should
stop and think ...
- . Cl Unit 7

again carefully and for 1-12 decide which answer
(A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.
how
Read the text quickly, ignoring the gaps, to get

the general meaning .
Read the text carefully, and for each gap, think
of a possible answer before looking at the option.
Try each option in the gap before deciding.
0 A way
means
C model
B amount
D result
D quantity
C bad
C made
D wrong
D took
9
A what
B other than
B that
C in place of
C why
D instead of
D which
B circled
C into
C circulated
D up to
D cycled
11 A calls
B everyone
B rings
C someone
C talks
D all
D phones
5 A for
12 A long
B on
B distant
C to
C remote
D in
D far
6 A writing
Read sentences 1-4 below, then do the following.

a Match the phrasal verbs in brackets with a verb
it can replace in the sentence.
b Rewrite each sentence using the phrasal verbs.
10 A recycled
B at
4 A anyone
Decide which verbs are more appropriate in these

sentences - the phrasal verbs or the more formal
equivalents.
a Please note that candidates may not leave out/
omit more than two questions.
b Did you read about that guy who stole loads
of library books? They should lock him up/
imprison him when they get him.
c Come on mum. Speed up/Accelerate a bit or
we'll never get there.
d Further to our recent telephone conversation, I
am sending back/ returning the faulty camera in
question and asking for/ requesting a full refund.
e Hang on, I need to work out/ calculate how much
money this is going to cost me!
f Guests are kindly requested to get out of/ vacate
their rooms by 11 a .m. on the day of departure.
8 A did
B got
A to
C money
B false
2 A rather
Phrasal verbs
7 A sum
1 A mistaken
Vocabulary
1 I'd love to discover why Jack rejected the offer of

a free holiday with me, so try to raise the topic
when you speak to him! (bring up, find out,
turn down)
2 We departed early in the morning, but we
encountered heavy traffic on the motorway,
which really delayed us. (hold up, run into,
set om
3 Wait a minute. Are you saying that you
submitted the application form without
completing your name and address? (fill in,
hang on, send in)
4 My brother didn't confess to breaking the
window - instead he invented some story about
two men throwing a brick then escaping on
a motorbike. (own up, make off, make up)
B saying
C telling
D replying
Unit 7
ED .
Writing
Is there anyone you have lost touch with who you'd like to meet up with again?
How could you get in touch with them?
Read the email from Patricia and number the paragraphs of Sophie's reply below
in the correct order.
ew Message
To:
From:
Sophie
Patricia
~ Subject: Friends Forever
Yes! I reMeMber...
Dear Sophie,
Saw your name on the Friends Forever website. Do you remember me - Pat Nichols
from college?
~
What have you been up to since we last saw each other?

I'll be in London next month from the 20th to 25th. Any chance of meeting up?
If so, let me know when and where.
~
Tell her.
Best wishes _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Patricia Nichols
Ask for flews of her.
ew Message
To:
From:
[ =="'
Patricia
Sophie
Subj ect: RE: Friends Forever

Dear Pat,
So much has happened since we last met - I hardly know where to start. After
leaving school I spent a couple of years abroad, doing a bit of voluntary work
and teaching English in Peru. That's where I met my husband, Fernando. Anyway,
we came back about two years ago. Fernando teaches Spanish at a local college.
D
D
Can't wait to see you again! Email again soon with your news and bring me up to date.
Thanks so much for your email. Yes, I do remember you! We used to be really
good mates, didn't we, when we were at school?
It would be really great to see you again! I can easily get down to London while
you're there. The 23rd would be best for me. Why don 't we meet up for dinner?
Love
Sop hie
-. cm>
Unit 7
Yes. Suggest.
Find examples in Sophie's email of these features

of informal language.
a phrasal verbs
b contractions
c informal expressions
d short sentences
e frequent use of exclamation marks
omission of the subject pronoun
Rewrite the paragraph below, using the features
mentioned in 3. You may need to replace a word,
add something, or delete something.
I received your email about two days ago. I am glad
that you are enjoying yourself, but I was sorry to hear
that they rejected your application to go to university.
What a shame. When will you discover if you can
You have just received this email from an old

friend that you haven't seen for a while. Write a
reply (120-150 words) following the paragraph
plan below.
study at another university instead? Anyway, please,

ew Message
please reply soon and I hope to see you again before
too long .
Send
Add phrases a-f to the language boxes, then check

your answers in Sophie's email.
a Keep in touch
b Thanks so much for your ...
c Love/ Lots of love
d It was a nice surprise to get your ...
e Take care
Email again soon.
("
----~
Finishing an email
r
Add ress
-"-
ronts
Colors
Save As Draft
To:
From:
=..,
C----
Subject: Hello
Yes! I
reMeMber...
Reacting to the input

_G_re_a_t_to_ h_ea_r_f=
IO=m==YO- u-..- __- __
...ii!-
Attach
Yes. /
Suggesf.
Do you remember me? I used to be in

the same class as you at school, but I
moved away.
It's ages since we last saw each
other. What have you been doing
since we last met? ~Tell
her.
Can we meet up again? It would be

great to see you. Any time next week
would suit me.
Hope to see you soon and catch up
on all your news. ~
Ask for flews

of /jour frieflci.
Look forward to seeing you soon.

- - ----I
Paragraph 1 say you remember him/her, and

where and when
Signing off
Best wishes
Paragraph 2 say what you have been doing since

you last saw each other
Paragraph 3 invite your friend to your house for
a meal
Paragraph 4 ask for his/her news
Unit 7
0.
Review
replace get.
1 invent
confess
3 accelerate
4 reject
5 calculate
6 depart
2
Complete the sentences with an appropriate verb

from 3.
.. the answers to any of these
a I can't .....
maths questions!
b We didn't want to go to the cinema, so we
......................... an excuse.
c In order to escape the earth's gravity, a
... to approximately
rocket needs to
11 kilometres per second.
..................... really early to avoid the rushd We
hour traffic.
e Jason .
........ my invitation to our housewarming party.
Come on! .. ................................. ! Who put salt in my tea?
Complete each gap 1-8 in this email with an

appropriate word.
Complete the phrasal verbs with get in sentences a-g.

a His father insisted that Robert did his homework
before dinner. He couldn't get .. ...
.... it.
b It really gets me ... ...................... when you don't do
your share of the housework.
c My dad's getting ... . .................. . He's nearly
seventy.
d In the last lesson we got .. .
. page 34 of
the Student's Book.
e We got ................................ six packets of crisps while
we were watching the film.
Stop getting ........................... your brother. It isn't fair
to criticise him like that all the time.
..... ten minutes late so I
g The train got ..
missed my connection.
work out
set off
turn down
make up
own up
speed up
a
b
c
d
e
1 Rewrite sentences a-g using another verb to

a I couldn't get the shop to give me a refund.
b Tom's very lucky - he never gets coughs or
colds.
c I really don't get the point of what you're saying.
d The ship got smaller and smaller before
disappearing over the horizon.
e What time did you get home last night?
f Sam got the highest possible score in his music
exam.
g When did you get that digital camera?
Match phrasal verbs a-f with their more formal

equivalents 1-6.
ew Message
--==~~~I
To:
From:
==.
--========-=====.:::::::====::::.::~
Subject: Hello
Hi Sue,
Thanks so
I2
for your email. Yes,

you! We 3 ..
tob~~~~t-door neighbours, didn't we? A lot
has happened 4 ...
we last met,
10 years ago.
1 .... .
..........
.... remember
Why don't we meet 5 ...................... somewhere

and have lunch? One day next week 6 ...
be best for me.
17
wait to see you again. Write
ag~i~ soo~~ith more news and bring me

B
Love
Tania
. G Unit 7
.................... to date.

---r of tas~
Leadin
1
Listen to five people describing how to make a

dish from their country. Match the speakers with the
photos and say which countries you think the dishes are
from.
Speaker Photo
1
3
4
Imagine you are in a restaurant in

your country with a foreign visitor.
Choose two national dishes to
recommend and describe them.
Say
if it 's a savoury dish or

a sweet dish
when you eat it
what the main
ingredients are and
how it's cooked.
In pairs, discuss the
following.
a Is it very important
to you what you eat?
What foods do you
particularly enjoy eating?
b What foods do you dislike?
What is it about them you don't
like? Think about taste, smell,
texture and appearance.
c Do you enjoy cooking? Why/
Why not?
Reading
Part 2 Gapped text
What kind of restaurants do you prefer eating in? Why?
Read the text opposite quickly, ignoring the gaps, to find out what is
unusual about the two restaurants described. Then explain what is
happening in the photo at the bottom right of the page.
3 Read the text again carefully and the how to do it box, then match
sentences A-H with gaps 1-7. There is one extra sentence.
A He believes that your sense of taste is intensified if you are not
distracted by what you can see.
B He, after all, was the one who brought us snail porridge and bacon
ice-cream.
C They want their guests to concentrate solely on the food that is in
front of them.
D The first does so by excluding other sensory input altogether.
E On the other hand, it must be a very strange experience for diners.
F The seafood dish looks like a picture of the seashore.
G Then you are led to your table in the pitch-black dining room by
a blind waiter.
H Some critics claim that diners will lose out on the social side
of dining.
how to do it
Read the text quickly to get the general idea.

Look for links with grammar and vocabulary before
and after each gap and in the sentences.
Fill the easiest gaps first.
Try the extra sentence in each gap again.
Read the text again, checking your answers.
Discuss the question in the final sentence of the text, giving reasons.
The Great
asteFensation
(")U;ston Blumenthal, chef and owner of the famous
J l / ~estaurant 'The Fat Duck' near London , has long
been renowned for his adventurous menus and experimental

cooking.
But even his most extraordinary dishes will
seem dull and ordinary compared with his creation of
seafood served with an iPod .
No, diners will not be expected to eat the music player, but
instead to listen to the noise of crashing waves as they
eat. The dish , entitled 'Sound Of The Sea ', is part of the
tasting menu at the three-Michelin-starred restaurant.
It is presented on a glass-topped wooden box containing
sand and seashells , and consists of what looks like
sand but is in fact a mixture of fried breadcrumbs , fried
baby eels and oil , topped with different kinds of seafood ,
oysters and three kinds of edible seaweed , all arranged
beautifully. The final touch - resulting from Blumenthal 's
experiments exploring the relationship between sound and
the experience of eating - is the iPod, so that diners can
listen to the sound of the sea while they eat.
Blumenthal strongly believes that the sound of the waves
intensifies the taste experience of eating seafood. 'I did
a series of tests with Professor Charles Spence at Oxford
University three years ago,' he said , 'which revealed that
sound can really enhance the sense of taste. We ate an
oyster while listening to the sea and it tasted stronger and
saltier, for example.'
Both of these restaurants seek to intensify the sensation
of taste while you are eating.
The second does so
by adding to it. So which eating experience would appeal
more to your senses?
Unit 8
35
40
45
50
55
60
G.-
Vocabulary
Grammar
Food
Speculating about the present and

past GR p170
Say whether these adjectives are positive, negative

or neutral, depending on the context.
bitter chewy crunchy fatty greasy mild
plain rich salty spicy stodgy sweet
tasteless tasty tender
Decide which adjectives from 1 you would use to

describe these foods and drinks.
curry
steak
olives
ice-cream
boiled rice
coffee
fried chicken
Match the methods of cooking with pictures 1-7.

Give an example of one kind of food that is often
prepared in each way.
fried
baked
boiled
stewed
roast
grilled
barbecued
Read sentences 1-6 and do the following.

a Underline the modal verb in each of 1-6.
b Match the meanings of the modal verbs with
these phrases.
I'm sure it's true that
It's possibly true that ...
I'm sure it isn't true that ...
c Say which refer to the present, and which to the
past.
That fish can't be cooked yet. It's only been
under the grill for two minutes.
2 This meat is a bit dry and chewy. The chef must
have overcooked it.
3 There were three tins of olives in the cupboard.
We can't have eaten them all, can we?
4 Don't take the chicken out of the freezer yet. We
might be eating out tonight if I can book a table.
S You haven't eaten a thing since yesterday
lunchtime. You must be starving.
6 I feel really ill. I think I might have eaten
something that disagreed with me.
Rewrite sentences a-e using must, might or can't,

as in the example.
Example
I'm sure you are joking.
Look at the photos. Speculate about them using

must (have), might (have) and can't (have), as in
the example.
You must be joking.
Example
He must be hungry.
a It's possible that he'll give you a ring this evening.

b I'm sure Patricia isn't wearing her scarf. I saw it
hanging on the hook on the back door.
c I'm certain that James has got my mobile. I let
him use it to call his sister this morning.
d I'm sure that isn't Jim over there. His hair isn't
as long as that.
e I can possibly give you a hand with the cooking
if I get home in good time.
3 Think of appropriate replies to these sentences

using must, might or can't.
a I feel hot and I've got a headache.
b I've just seen a ghost.
c I'm eating at a really expensive restaurant this
evening.
d My best friend has just been given the sack.
e I had an argument with my best friend last night.
f I've had enough. I'm going to live on a desert
island.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box

in the correct form. Use must have, might have,
and can't have.
be
spill
eat
stir
Example
invent
leave
write down
spend
Even the cat didn't eat the fish . It must

have been bad.
a His breath smells awful. He ............... ..... a lot of

garlic last night.
b This sauce has gone all lumpy. I
. it
properly.
c Beer
... in Iran about 7,000 years ago, but
nobody's quite sure.
d What a fantastic spread. You
.. ages
preparing all this food.
them in the
e 'Where are my keys? ' 'You ...
restaurant, or possibly in the car.'
I didn't order tomato soup. The waiter
the order correctly.
g 'There's a horrible stain on my new shirt.
I
some food on it.'
UnitS
CD .-
Listening
Speaking
Parts 3 and 4
1 In pairs, tell each other about the last time
you ate out. Say
who you went with and why

what you ate
what the restaurant and food were like
whether you'd recommend the restaurant
to a friend
how
2 0
Example It looks very traditional and formal. I

expect the food is dear, possibly overpriced . I expect it's quite quiet, too.
oit
boring
friendly
0 Listen again and number sentences a-h in the

order you hear them.
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
Speaker 5
G Unit 8
romantic
4 0
Speaker 4
booking a table
finding a restaurant
arrangements to meet
food
service
quiet
formal
lively
Listen to two people discussing where to eat.

Do they manage to come to an agreement?
Speaker 3
Tell a partner about any bad experiences you've

had when eating out. Think about
exciting
informal
3 02
Speaker 2
A ate in a different restaurant from the one they'd

booked
B had to wait a while for a table
C ended up cooking at home
o booked a table but couldn't find the restaurant
E ended up eating a takeaway
F had to wait a while for the food
cramped
dear
value for money
noisy
overpriced
traditional
trendy
Speaker 1 .
In pairs take it in turns to describe one of the

restaurants using the words below to help you. Your
partner should guess which one you are describing.
Before you listen, read options A-F carefully.

As you listen, answer as many of the questions as
you can.
When you listen again, concentrate on the answers
you are least certain of.
9 You will hear five people talking about a

problem they had when eating out. Read the How
to do it box, then match the speakers with the
problems A-F. There is one extra letter.
Look at the pictures of different restaurants and

match this description to one of them.
Can't we go somewhere nicer? ...

Gianni's is OK but it isn't very lively. ..
I don't fancy an Indian . .

I expect the food's a bit basic.
I'd prefer somewhere quieter. .
I'm not that keen on Chinese food . ..
It looks very noisy.
The service is terrible.
HH
In pairs, imagine that you are planning a meal out

with friends to celebrate the end of your exams.
Discuss how suitable each of the restaurants shown
might be and decide which one to go to.
Work in groups of three and do the following.
Student 1: ask Students 2 and 3 question a) below.

Students 2 and 3 answer, giving reasons.
Student 2: ask Students 1 and 3 question b), etc.
a In your country, what are the most popular types

of foreign food? Which do you prefer? Why?
b Are takeaways popular in your country? Why?
What sort in particular?
c Have you ever worked in a restaurant? If so,
what was it like? If not, would you like to?
Why?/Why not?
Unit 8
G.-
Use of English
Adjective suffixes
We can add suffixes to nouns or verbs to make them into adjectives.
Sometimes the spelling changes.
-y
-ous
chew> chewy
-al
mystery > mysterious

-ful
hope> hopeful
-less
use> useless
music> musical
-able
rely> reliable
We can often use different suffixes with the same word to create
adjectives with different meanings:
taste: tasty - delicious tasteful - attractive tasteless - without taste; inappropriate
Read the information about adjective suffixes. Which suffix forms a negative adjective?
Work in pairs. In two minutes, think of as many adjectives as possible with the endings
in the box.
3 Complete sentences a-g with an appropriate adjective formed from the word in brackets.
Example Tom's cousin is a ................ ..... singer. (fame)
Tom's cousin is a famous singer.
a She may seem a bit cold and distant at times, but Cathy is a very kind and
.......................... ....... woman. (thought)
b It was ........ ... ..................... of Harry not to invite his best friend to his new girlfriend's party. (thought)
c I first visited Madrid on a ................................ day in September. (rain)
d They've opened a night shelter for ........... .... .... ..... .... ...... people in our area. (home)
e He's so . .......... .... ... .... ... ....... about tennis that he plays it three times a week. (fanatic)
f This coffee isn't great but it's ................ .............. ... if you're desperate! (drink)
g Many medicines are ............................... if you take more than the recommended dose. (harm)
Read the text opposite, then complete each gap with a word formed from 1-10.
o
1
2
3
4
5
6
G Unit 8
say
harm
sugar
moderate
meet
open
6 pleasure
7 tired
8 laugh
9 health
10 absolute
Find four gaps in the text in 4 where you have to make an adjective from a noun.
Do you agree with the advice given in the text?
Vocabulary
_.Word pairs
There are many word pairs that are joined by a
conjunction. The order of the words is fixed.
Ibread and butter
Iwait and see
Sometimes the words in the pair are near synonyms.
Ifun and games
Ilaw and order
Sometimes the words in the pair are opposites.
Itake it or leave it
1
Eat, rink
and be merry!
Or so the (0 ) ~~)'~11~ goes. But until recently, doctors
have been telling us to do exactly the opposite,
warning us that overeating is (1) .. ......... . Now it
seems, rich , fatty foods or sweet, (2) .................... ones ,
can be perfectly good for us in (3) ..
but only under certain circumstances.
Recently, at a three-day (4) ................... in Venice, a
group of doctors , psychologists, and chemists met
to discuss the importance of pleasure on our health.
They celebrated the (5)
.... of the conference by
feasting on venison and truffles.
The point that they were there to discuss is that
t hings that are (6) ............. and make us feel good
have a positive effect on our health and wellbeing.
.... lead to illness. Pleasure ,
Guilt, stress , and (7)
(8 ) ..................... and love, includi ng eating things that are
generally considered bad for you , keep our immune
systems strong and therefore improve our health.
However, it is important to rea lise that we mustn 't
eat too much (9 )
.... food , and when we do,
we must really enjoy it. There 's (10) .................... no point
in eating a bar of chocolate and then feel ing gui lty
about it, because that creates a double negative
- it is unhealt hy and has given you no enjoyment!
Remembe r, eat, dri nk and be MERRY!
Read the information about word pairs. Make sure

you understand the meaning of the examples, then
match a-e with 1-5.
a
b
c
d
e
Igive and take
sick
pick
safe
peace
bits
1
2
3
4
5
sound
tired
choose
pieces
quiet
Say whether the word pairs in 1 are

verb + verb
noun + noun
adjective + adjective
Complete word pairs a- e with opposites, then

check your answers in a dictionary.
a
b
c
d
e
more or ..
back to .
sooner or ..
now and ..... .
ups and .
Rewrite sentences a-g replacing the underlined

phrases with pairs of words from 1 and 2.
a I've had enough of your complaining! Give it a
rest, will you?
b Eventually Steve will realise his mistake.
c John spent his summer holiday travelling up
the Amazon, but he's arrived home healthy and
unharmed.
d As a child, I had to eat what I was given. I
wasn't allowed to have only what I liked.
e The UK is approximately 1,200 kilometres long
from north to south.
f We hardly ever eat out but occasionally we get a
take-away.
g 'Have you moved all that rubbish out of the
spare room yet?' 'Nearly. There are just a few
small things left.'
Unit 8
G).-
CD
Use headings and numbered or bullet points.

Try to use synonyms rather than repeat words .
Under which heading does the writer do the following?

a list the arguments against the idea
b make a recommendation
c state the aim of the report
d list the arguments for the idea
Read the tip box, then match the words and phrases below with
the synonyms underlined in the report.
a advantages and disadvantages
b strong
c examine
d disadvantages
e for
f purpose
g after considering all the information
Read the task below, then divide sentences a-h into two groups:
arguments for and arguments against the idea. Add any other
arguments you can think of.
The director of the school suggests closing the canteen and using the space
for a student recreation room, with a TV and pool table. You have been
asked to write a report on the advantages and disadvantages of this idea.
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
The canteen is underused.

The canteen food isn't very good .
The canteen food is cheap.
The canteen is very popula r.
There's an excellent cafe opposite the school.
Students need a place to relax between and after lessons.
There's a TV in the cafe opposite the school.
Pool is popular among boys but not among girls.
Write a report of between 120 and 180 words. Divide your report into
four sections, using the same headings as in the model report in 2.
Use some of the arguments in S.
Unit 8
G.-
Review
1
Choose the correct adjectives to complete a-e.
For a-e complete the second sentence so that it

has a similar meaning to the first sentence using
the word given. Use between two and five words,
including the word given. Do not change the
word given.
a I'm sure you'll find your keys in the end.
turn
Your keys .......................
later.
b It was very careless of you to spill coffee on
the new rug.
careful
If you ..
....... ............ you wouldn't have
spilt coffee on the new rug.
c I've had enough of reality shows on TV.
tired
...... .. reality shows
I'm sick ......
on TV.
d Linda thinks it's a good idea to install a new
coffee machine.
favour
Linda is .............................. a new coffee
machine.
e This curry isn't spicy enough.
mild
This curry ...
Complete these lines from reports with the

following words and phrases.
a This pork isn't very stodgy/ tender. I should have

cooked it for longer.
b I like nice green crunchy/chewy apples.
c These grapes are incredibly rich/ bitter.
d 'How's your meal?' 'The bacon's OK but the
fried eggs are rather greasy/ fatty:
e Crisps usually have a mild/ salty taste.
Complete a-f using an adjective formed from the

words in the box.
finance
forget
fury
penny
suit
wonder
a We saw a ........................... play at the theatre last night.

b My dad was ............... when I stayed out all night.
c Grandad is getting more and more ..................... as
he gets older.
d He was .......................... when he came to this country,
but now he's a millionaire.
e The hotel doesn't have any rooms that are
........................... for families.
My brother works for a bank in the ...
district of Frankfurt.
3 Complete a-e with word pairs from the box using

and or or.
give
later
less
more
safe
sound
take wait
sooner
see
a We were nearly involved in an accident on

the motorway but we arrived home ..
b 'What's for pudding, mum? '
,
...... . You haven't finished
your first course yet:
c The journey may take a long time,
but we'll get there .................. .
d 'Is this the kind of thing you had
in mind?' 'Yes, .................... .
e If little Jimmy doesn't learn to ..
he won't make friends very easily.
cons
convincing
on balance
pros
drawback
examine
purpose
The .. ... ....... of this report is to ........... . the

............ and .......... .. ofthe proposal to buy
more computers for the school.
The most ....... ..... argument is that the

computers are too slow for broadband Internet.
The only .......... . . seems to be that there would be

less money to spend on books in the coming year.
. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. I think that the proposal is worth
recommending.
-. e
Unit 8
Goi~
Lead in
1
Look at the photos. What do you think these

people's obsessions or particular habits might be?
2 Listen and match the speakers with

sentences a-e.
a I'm a terrible time-keeper.
b I can never throw things away.
c I'm a shopaholic.
d I'm really untidy.
e I'm obsessively well organised.
Speaker
Sentence

a Are the characteristics in 2 generally good or bad?
b Do you have any particular habits (good or bad)?
c How easy is it to learn new habits or stop bad ones?
1
2
3
4
Unit 9
G.-
Reading
Discuss whether you agree or disagree with the

statement below. Give examples to support your
opinion.
4 When did Lynne Cox first discover that she

enjoyed swimming in difficult conditions?
A in her forties
B when she was nine
C between the ages of nine and fourteen
D at the age of fourteen
5 Why is Lynne Cox particularly well suited
to what she does?
A Her style of swimming is similar to a seal's.
B She likes swimming in outdoor pools.
C She's rather fat.
D Unusually, the fat below her skin has a
regular thickness.
6 In both of the expeditions mentioned, Sir
Ranulph Fiennes
A suffered physical injury.
B endured very severe weather conditions.
C discovered ancient ruins .
D spent several years away from home.
7 Sir Ranulph Fiennes uses the memory of his
father
A to give him strength at difficult moments.
B to remind him of the limits of human
endurance.
C to remind him that death is always a risk.
D to help him make difficult decisions.
8 Adventurers find that they cannot stop taking
risks because
A they have become famous for risk-taking.
B their lives are less stable than other people's.
C they love the feeling it produces.
D they believe they can achieve the impossible.
You can't experience real excitement without

taking risks.
The article opposite is about people who take

risks. Read the text quickly and find the names of
the two people in the photos.
Find these adjectives in the text and explain their

meanings in the context in your own words.
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
countless (1. 12)

tiny (1. 20)
inhospitable (1. 35)
furious (1. 40)
even 0. 46)
major O. 50)
single-minded (1. 63)
addictive (1. 66)
Read the text again carefully and for questions

1-8, choose the best answer (A, B, C or D).
1 According to the text, most people would prefer
to have
A a comfortable life without risk.
B occasional chances to test their endurance.
C some experience of danger.
D fewer unpleasant tasks in their lives.
2 Kanchana Ketkeaw did not suffer serious injury
from the scorpions because
A they did not sting her.
B scorpion stings are not very dangerous.
C she did not allow the scorpions to touch
her body.
D her body has become used to the poison.
3 The writer of the text believes that Kanchana
Ketkeaw
A is a bit mad.
B was asked to perform her feat by her
country.
C did not perform her feat only for her country.
D does not know why she performed her feat.
-. e
Unit 9
Which of the three people in the article do you

admire, if any? Why?
hy do some people feel compelled to do the

craziest things, while most of us are happy
to sit on the sofa and watch their explOits
on TV? Robin Styles ponders this question.
Generally, we love to watch someone's bravery and drama

- a single person against the wilds of nature, testing their
endurance beyond belief. And our pleasure is greater
because we live in a comfortable world of central heating,
gadgets and package holidays. We lead increasingly risk- free lives , where the greatest test of endurance is getting
to work through the rush hour. And most of us would
prefer it to remain that way. However, there are countless
ways to test the limits of your endurance, should you
wish to do so, by attempting something unpleasant,
uncomfortable or just plain dangerous.
Thirty-year-old performance artist, Kanchana Ketkeaw,
who spent 32 days and nights in a scorpion-filled room,
said that she completed her amazing feat of endurance
for her country, Thailand. The new world record holder
20 shared a tiny room for over
a month with 3,400 deadly
little friends, and was stung at
least nine times! Fortunately
she has worked with scorpions
25 for several years now and
has developed some natural
protection against their poison.
Anyone else would be dead.
To endure all that for her
30 country, which certainly didn't
request it of her, must seem
a bit mad to most people!
There must be another reason.
American Lynne Cox swims in sub-zero temperatures

through the planet's most inhospitable oceans wearing
35
only a swimsuit - for fun! According to Lynne, now in her
fifties , there is always something driving her on. She just
has to do it. As a nine-year-old child she was rather fat,
and she used to swim in an outdoor pool with the local
youth club. One day a furious storm blew up, but she
40
refused to get out of the pool. Something made her carry
on. Then she realised that, as the water got colder and
rougher, she was actually getting faster and warmer, and
she was really enjoying it. At the age of 14 she broke her
first endurance record, one of many more to come. Years 45
later, experts discovered that Lynne has a totally even
layer of body fat, like a seal. She is perfectly made for
doing what she does, it seems.
The famous British explorer, Sir Ranulph Fiennes, has
led many major expeditions (and has lost several fingers)
in the extreme cold, including walking right round the
Arctic Circle, which took three years! He has also led
expeditions in the extreme heat, and discovered the
Lost City of Ubar in the Omani desert. It seems that
many adventurers spend their lives trying to live up to the
image of a parent. Sir Ranulph 's father was Commander
of a regiment in the British Army, and died just before
his son was born. Fiennes has said, 'If I am getting weak,
I find a very powerful way of squashing it is to know that
my father would have definitely done it.'
Adventurers are clearly different from the rest of us.
There is probably no such thing as a 'normal' adventurer.
Unsurprisingly, risk-takers tend to be single-minded and
unusually determined people who hate the stability and
routine that most people prefer. They tend to take risks
for the sheer 'fun' of it. The excitement becomes addictive,
and they want more and more of it. Ordinary life seems
boring in comparison. The famous sailor, Sir Robin KnoxJohnston says: 'Humans have been taking risks since
we evolved. If something is difficult, almost impossible
to achieve, then it is worth doing.' Well, obviously. Could
someone please pass me the TV remote control?
Unit 9
50
55
60
65
70
G).-
Vocabulary
Grammar
Compound adjectives
Relative clauses GR p171-172
Decide whether compound adjectives a-h describe

personality ep) or appearance (A).
a bald-headed
e easy-going
f long-legged
b bad-tempered .....
c brown-eyed
g rosy-cheeked ..
d curly-haired
h suntanned
For each of the pairs in a-d, use one of the words
below to form compound adjectives.
headed
hearted
minded
self
Read sentences 1-8 below then answer questions

a-g about them.
1 What was the name of the English explorer who
walked to the South Pole in 1912?
In 1911, when he was 42 years old, Captain

Robert Scott organised an expedition to the
South Pole.
3 There were 33 people in Scott's expedition,
which set out on 1st June 1910.

4 The men who Scott took with him were mostly
army or naval officers.

a warm- ...
brokenb absent-... .
broad-... .
c ....................-centred
.....................-disciplined
d bighard-...
3 Say which qualities in 2 are generally positive,

negative or neutral.
Give examples of how someone

with the qualities in 2 might
behave.
5 Can you name any famous people

(real or fictional) that you think
have the characteristics in 1 or 2?
11
/:
G Unit 9
5 The Norwegian explorer Amundsen, whose party

arrived at the South Pole a month earlier than
Scott, returned home safely.
6 When Scott arrived at the South Pole, he found
a tent and a letter, which Amundsen had left
there for him .
7 Scott and his men all died before they could
reach the supply depot, where they had left food
and spare clothing.
8 Scott had taken horses instead of dogs with
him, which most people agree was a big mistake.
Join the pairs of sentences in a-e using who or which, adding commas
where necessary and making any other changes.
Example
The plasma TV has broken. I only bought it last week.

The plasma TV, which I only bought last week, has broken.
a
b
c
d
e
That's the man. He's going to buy our house.

I gave my daughter twenty euros. She spent it immediately.
I live in a village called South Milton. It's a mile from the sea.
Where are the sausages? Mum bought them on Saturday.
Daniel Craig plays James Bond in Casino Royale. He also starred in
the gangster film Layer Cake.
Complete the sentences with who, which, when, where or whose,

adding commas where necessary.
Example
a In which sentences is the

relative pronoun the subject
of the verb in the relative
clause?
b In which sentences is the
relative the object of the
verb in the relative clause?
c In which sentence can
we leave out the relative
pronoun?
d In which sentences can we
use that instead of who or
a The shop .................... I usually get my groceries stays open until 10,
... most other shops are shut.
b This chest of drawers .................... I inherited from my grandmother
is 100 years old.
c Patricia is the girl ..................... car we borrowed to go to that Spanish
restaurant . ........... they do great paella.
d Near my house is a park ........... there are some trees .......... my
daughter loves climbing.
e The tall man .... ................. is standing over there is the cousin of the
man ................... I introduced you to last night.
4 Look again at your answers to 3. Decide for each one

a if the relative pronoun could be omitted.
b if it would be possible to use that instead.
which?
e Which type of clause has

commas immediately before
the relative pronoun?
f In which sentence can we
replace who with the more
formal whom?
g In which sentence does the
relative refer to the whole of
the main clause?
Harry is the guy .................. I met in Miyazaki . ................... is a small

town in Japan ..................... we both taught English in the 1990s.
Harry is the guy who I met in Miyazaki, which is a small
town in Japan where we both taught English in the 1990s.
Correct the mistakes in a-e. Sometimes more than one answer is possible.
Example
Can you describe the man which you saw running out of
the bank?
Can you describe the man who you saw running out of
the bank?
a He's going to retire at SO, what I find surprising.

b Elvis Presley, that was probably the most famous pop star ever,
died in 1977.
c Pam Fisher, who's older brother is a doctor, has also decided
to study medicine.
d I got a letter this morning from my uncle Algernon who lives
in Canada.
e The child minder looks after our children is ill today.
Unit 9
G.-
Listening
1 In pairs, tell each other about anything you collect
3 0
2 Complete Alec's sentences a-e with the

adjectives below. Listen again and check, then
explain the difference between the -ed form and
the -ing form of the adjectives.
now, or have collected in the past.
022 You will hear an interview with a man called

Alec Gardiner, who collects things. Read the how
to do it box, then listen and complete sentences 1-10.
how to
amazed/ amazing
bored/ boring
interested/ interesting pleased/ pleasing
worried/ worrying satisfied/ satisfying
oit
Before you listen, you have 45 seconds to read the

10 sentences.
If you miss an answer, don't worry. Move on to the
next sentence .
When you listen again, concentrate on the answers
that you missed the first time.
Don't leave answers blank - make a guess.
a I was never
.... as a child because there was
always something new to collect.
b I became ............. in more things and started
collecting them as well.
c The most .................... thing is when I find the last
object to complete a set of something. That's
really .
d You'd be .............. where Mickey turns up!
e Everything in there is precious, and I'm ...
about burglaries.
1 Alec isn't exactly ..

. ....... ............ why
he collects things.
2 Alec started collecting when he was
3 As a child Alec kept the things he collected in
4 Alec says it 's a wonderful feeling when he
.... .... ...... of
completes a . .
something.
5 Alec likes collecting cartoon figures because
they look ............... ....... ... .... ....... .......... .... and they
amuse him.
6 It's possible to collect so many Mickey
Mouse figures because Mickey is the
.................. cartoon character.
7 Alec keeps most of his cartoon figures in the
living room on small ..
B Alec used to buy things at collectors'
....................................... ................................... and antique shops.
9 Alec doesn't like to leave the house for too long
because he's afraid of ....................... ......... ......... . . . . .
10 In order to complete a set of something,
Alec sometimes has to payout
....... ................. hundred pounds .
Unit 9
In
a
b
c
d
pairs, tell each other about

something you are interested in.
something you find boring.
something you are pleased about.
something you were amazed to find out.
Speaking
Part 2
In pairs, name as many objects in each photo as you can in two

minutes. Compare your answers with another pair.
Match these adjectives with photos 1 or 2.

bare
bright
clean
cluttered
cold
(un) comfortable
dimly-lit
open-plan
cosy
relaxing

a What kind of person do you
think lives in each place?
b What sort of lifestyle do you
think they might have?
tidy
In pairs, brainstorm as many similarities and differences between

the photos as you can and decide which are the most obvious. Use
some of the phrases below to help you.
Similarities
The most obvious similarity is that both photos show .. .
... in both photos.
You can see ..
The room in photo 1 is .................... . Similarly, the room in
photo 2 is ..
is/ are the same in both photos.
The .
Differences
The biggest difference between the photos is that photo 1
shows . . . ...... whereas photo 2 shows ..
While photo 1 shows ..
. ......... , photo 2 on the other hand
The .
is/ are completely different in the two photos.
Describe the photos in detail. Say which room you prefer and why.
Unit 9
GP .-
Use of English
Read the how to do it box. Then look at the

completed key word transformations in 1-4 and
say which of these language areas is being
tested in each.
passives
phrasal verbs
comparatives
adjectives
relatives
modal verbs
We didn't return to James' house until 11 p.m.

got
We finally got back to James' house at 11 p.m.
language area .
They lost the box containing all the exam
papers.
which
They lost the box which contained all the
exam papers.
language area
3 Is Jason taller than Michael?
as
Is Michael as tall as Jason?
language area
4 They always opened his letters before he
received them.
were
His letters were always opened before he
received them.
language area ..
how to do it
Decide what the key word replaces. Remember it

could be part of a phrase
Read both sentences to check that they mean
the same .
Check the number of words you have written .
Remember that contractions, e.g isn 't, count as
two words .
G Unit 9
Rewrite each sentence a-g keeping the same

meaning. Use two to five words, including the
word given.
a I haven't seen Harriet since February.
time
The last ............ ... ... ... ............ in February.
b It will be interesting to see if anybody can solve
this problem.
interested
I .. ... ..... ......... . ...... .... to see if anybody can solve
this problem.
c I'm sure Sam was there because he's in one of
my photos.
must
Sam ...................................... because he 's in one of
my photos.
d I won 't tolerate his rude behaviour any more.
put
I ..
. .................................. his rude behaviour any
more.
e This coffee isn't cool enough to drink.
too
This coffee ............................................... drink.
They cancelled the match because it was
raining.
due
The match .................................... rain.
g I haven't got enough money to buy that
MP3 player.
can't
I . . ............................ buy that MP3 player.
Vocabulary
2 ..
Body idioms
1
Label the parts of the body shown using

these words.
ankle
palm
calf
shin
elbow
thigh
heel
waist
hip
wrist
Complete idioms a-h with these words,

then match them with definitions 1-8.
arm
brains
eye
hand
leg
tongue
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
face
4 .
foot
keep an .. . ...... on someone/ something

twist someone's ..
pull someone's .
put your
.. in it
be on the tip of your ..
give someone a ..
keep a straight .
pick someone's ......
S .....
1 persuade or force someone to do

something
2 find out about something from
someone who knows more about it
than you
3 watch someone/ something carefully
4 help someone
S play a joke on someone by making
them believe something that isn't true
6 say or do something wrong, foolish or
embarrassing
7 be something almost remembered or
recalled, but not quite
8 manage not to laugh or smile at
something you find funny
Tell a partner about a situation when

a
b
c
d
e
f
you couldn't keep a straight face.

someone pulled your leg.
you put your foot in it.
you twisted someone's arm.
you picked someone's brains.
somebody gave you a hand.
9 .....
10 ..
Unit 9
G.-
Writing
Part 1 A letter
Read the exam task below. Are you

asked to write a, b or c?
a a letter requesting information
b a letter of application
c a letter of complaint
You have seen this advertisement in a
magazine and you want to organise a
weekend for you and six friends . One
of your friends is only 17. Read the
advertisement and the notes you have
made. Then write a letter to Adrenalin
Adventure asking for more details .
Decide whether your letter should

letter be formal or informal.
Put a-f into the paragraph

plan below, with the two most
important queries before the less
important ones.
a ask about dates
b ask about accommodation
c say where you saw the
advertisement
d ask about age limits
e say who you are and why you
are writing
f ask about cost
Paragraph 1
Activities: choose two from: kayaking,

hill-walking, surfing, wind-surfing,
mountain-biking, climbing*, horse-riding**
* experienced climbers only

** 20 supplement applies
_______ slYlgfe rooMs?
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 3
our three wooden

lodges sleep 12 people each
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ Iflclucles Meals
199 per person
aNi t-lIre
equ1f MeYlt .
'.'
-. e
.r:r.o.~l:"!'l':'l~1b':'b
weekends in July and August
"-flac.es ava'/abfe OYl 12-/3 August?
Unit 9
Read the phrases in the language box below

and complete them with a-f.
a could
b grateful
c have
d please
e wonder
would
Polite requests
Could you . . P P P let me know ... ?
I'd be .................... if you could tell me ...
I ........ P... if you could inform me ... ?
.................... you possibly give me some information about ... ?
Could I P.....
some details about .. ?
.. .................. it be possible to ... ?
5 Complete polite requests a-f using the phrases in

the language box to help you.
a
b
c
d
e
f
....... ...... ... have some information about your

adventure holidays?
........
send me a brochure?
..................... about the cost of the holiday?
..................... could let me know if there are any places
left on the skiing course.
..................... how much it costs to hire equipment?
......... ............ if you could send me some information
about accommodation.
P
Look at the notes you have made on the advert

and do the following.
a Decide which paragraph they fit into.
b Write them as complete questions, using the
polite requests and the sequencing words firstly,
secondly, thirdly, finally, as in the example.
Example Firstly, I'd be grateful if you could let me
know if there are any places available on
12th and 13th August.
Write the letter in 1 using all your notes.
Unit 9
G.
Review
1
Complete sentences a-g with compound adjectives.

a My brother is really absent- ................................ . He 's
always forgetting and losing things.
b 'You're looking very sun.............
, George.
Have you been on holiday? ' 'Yes' I've just spent
two weeks in the south of Italy.'
c Melissa was extremely fond of her cat, so she
was ........... .. ... -hearted when it died.
d Geoff goes on and on about getting the top mark
in his exam. He's so big- ...... .............................. !
e 'I didn't think Harry
was ..................... -tempered.' 'He may seem
easy-going to you
but he gets angry at the slightest thing.'
Sam is too .
....... -centred to talk to
people he thinks are unimportant or not useful
to him.
g Cathy finds . . .........................-headed men
attractive, maybe it's because her dad lost
his hair at an early age.
Complete the idioms in sentences a-h with these

parts of the body.
arm
brains
hand
leg
eye
face
foot
tongue
a 'Would you like another piece of chocolate?'

'Oh, go on then. If you twist my ..
b David really put his ................. in it when he asked
Samantha how Steve was getting on. They split
up three months ago!
c 'I'm having problems with my PC. You know
all about computers, don't you? Can 1 pick
your .. .......... ?'
d 'John told me that you were moving to New
York.' 'New York! No, he was just pulling
your ......
e 'What's the French for 'lawn'? It 'll come to me
in a moment. It's on the tip of my ................... .
f 'I've got to carry these chairs upstairs.' 'I'll give
you a(n) .................... .
g We couldn't keep a straight
.... when the
head teacher nodded off during the lesson.
h Can you keep a(n) ................... on the children for
me while I'm out?
-. e
Unit 9
Complete the text with the correct verbs below

(a, b or c) in the -ing or -ed form.
~~ -y~~~-~~~~i~l~a:~:i:tv~~::t,O::a;alking
200 miles across the Arctic wilderness of
Baffin Island. Alicia Hempleman-Adams faced
(2)
........ challenges as she crossed mountain
peaks, glaciers and steep-sided fjords. Her father had

travelled the same route himself and at first the prospect
of his young daughter following in his footsteps
was (3) .. ...
..... . Because of her age, he felt
(4) .................................. that she would find it too
. ........ . He was also (6) ..

(5) .....
that she could get frost-bite. Alicia, however, was
(7) ..
. ............. that she could do it, and she's been
proved right. Though very (8) .

she was (9) .. .
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
by the end
. ................. to achieve her goal.
amaze
concern
horrify
confuse
embarrass
interest
convince
bore
thrill
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
annoy
terrify
entertain
satisfy
excite
concern
please
tire
confuse
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
entertain
bore
amuse
worry
exhaust
amuse
entertain
relax
encourage
11
10
e minde
Lead in
1
l j Look at photos 1- 6 and listen to the people

introducing themselves. Try to remember their
names and what they say, but don't make any
notes.
Which of a-g are you likely to remember easily?

What could make them easy or hard to remember?
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
a phone number
a tune
English vocabulary
the steps of a dance
the clothes that somebody was wearing on a certain occasion
how to get to a place you've only visited once
the date of a friend's birthday
Do the quiz below then turn to page 153 to find out what your
answers say about your learning style.
What's your learning style?
When you spell a difficult

word in English, do you
A t r y t o see the word in your
head?
B say the word , either aloud
or in your head?
( write the word down to
f ind out what feels right?
When you chat socially with

ot her people, do you
A use as few words as
possible?
B enjoy talking and
listening?
( use your hands a lot?
When you are trying to

concentrate , are you
distracted most by
A untidiness?
B sounds?
( movement?
When you meet somebody

again, having met them only
once before, are you most
likely to
A forget their name but
remember their face and
where you met?
B remember their name and
what you talked about, but
forget where you met them?
( remember best what you
did together?
When you read for pleasure,

do you prefer
A descriptions?
B dialogue?
( action?
When you learn to do

something new, do you prefer
A seeing a demonstration
and a picture?
B listening to verbal
instructions?
( trying by yourself first?
When you're learning how to

use new computer software,
do you
A try to find diagrams and
charts?
B ask help from someone
who knows the software?
( keep experimenting until
you've learnt how to use it?
Turn to page 154 and do part 2 of the Memory Test in 1.
Unit 10
G.-
Reading
Part 2 Gapped text
Try to answer these questions

without using a clock,
calculator, ruler or any other
device. Are they easy, difficult
or impossible?
a How wide is the door of
the room you're in, to the
nearest millimetre?
b What is the time to the
nearest second?
c What day of the week was
1st June 1768?
d What is 7,623 x 4,S92?
2 Read the magazine article

opposite quickly and find the
name of
a a film character who can do
amazing calculations in his
head.
b the real person that the
character is based on.
c the scientist who thinks that
we all have the potential to
do these things.
Doctor
Do you know how much 312 times 123 is?
Ray
(without hesitation) 38,376 .

Charlie (doing the sum on a calculator) He's right.
05
Doctor
Charlie
Doctor
Charlie
What?
He's right!
He's right!
Yes. Ray, how much is 4,343 times 1,234?
Ray
(without hesitation) 5,359,262 .
Charlie He's a genius!

10
15
Unit 10
hese lines are from a film called Rain Man, starring Tom Cruise
and Dustin Hoffman. Charlie Babbitt's brother, Ray, lives in a
home because he is unable to work or look after himself. D:J
For example, he can perform very complex mental arithmetic with
astonishing speed and accuracy. Ray is a 'savant': somebody who has
specific, extraordinary abilities, but who is incapable of most everyday tasks .
Ray Babbitt's character is based on a real savant

called Kim peek, who was born in 1951 with an
unusually formed brain. Doctors predicted that
Kim would never be able to lead a normal life. As
20 a child, he couldn't walk until he was four years
old. However, he always had extraordinary mental
abilities. He could use a dictionary when he was
three years old . fIJ Beginning from childhood, he
read, and could recall in detail, about 7,600 books.
25 He could read two pages simultaneously (one with
each eye) in about 10 seconds and remembered
forever what he had read .
A The British savant Stephen Wiltshire managed to

draw a highly accurate picture of the London skyline
after a single helicopter trip over the city.
B Although finding volunteers for his experiments can
be difficult, as Snyder admits, he believes that the
possibilities are very exciting.
C By the age of four and a half, he had memorised the
first eight volumes of an encyclopaedia .
D He can reflect on his own special abilities in a way
that most savants cannot.
savants are very rare: there are only about 25 alive

in the world today. Their special abilities differ. The
30 blind American savant, Leslie Lemke, was able to
play Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No 1 after hearing
it once, even though he had never had a piano
lesson . I [ ] other talents have included being able
to measure exact distances with the naked eye and
35 knowing the exact time without looking at a clock.
aniel Tammet
is a British
savant and
his special abilities
40 are mathematical
and linguistic. (He
managed to learn
Icelandic in a few
days, and could
45 speak it fluently after
one week.) Unlike
most savants,
Tammet is a good communicator.
IIJ He explains that his mathematical feats - like
50 reciting pi to 22,514 decimal places - do not involve
'thinking'. Ill] For Daniel, numbers are not abstract,
they are real and familiar, like friends.
Read the article again carefully, then choose from

the sentences A-H the one which fits each gap
(1-7). There is one extra sentence.
E However, as Charlie discovers, Ray has a few

incredible abilities.
F They all have a similar ability to do amazing
calculations in their head, like Ray Babbitt in the film
Rain Man .
G Instead, he visualises the number in his head, as if
he 's watching a film .
H savants are different: they don't develop normally

and as a result they don't lose their special abilities.
Find words or phrases in the article that mean

a
i m mediately (lines 1-9)
very, very quickly (lines 10-15)
at the same time (l ines 16-28)
quickly and without mistakes (lines 36-52)
sometimes, but not v ery often (li nes 53- 66)
for a short t i m e (lines 53-66)
Which of the special abilities mentioned in the

article would y ou most like to have? How would
you use it?
Intriguingly, some scientists believe that we all

have these kinds of amazing abilities hidden deep
55 inside our brains, but that we lose them as our
brains develop. 1iI] This theory is supported by
the fact that, very occasionally, people acquire
these abilities in adult life as the result of brain
damage. Allan Snyder, director of the Australian
60 Centre for the Mind, believes that we all might be
able to release special skills by somehow 'switching
off' the normal, conscious functions of the mind.
He conducts experiments on himself, firing strong
magnetic waves into his head to see whether he
65 can temporarily become a savant.
'We are all
potential geniuses: he claims.
IIJ
Unit 10
G.-
Vocabulary
Grammar
Mental activities
Comparatives and superlatives
1 Match a-j with 1-10 to form definitions of the

verbs in italics.
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
GR p172-173
1
If you suspect something is true ...

If you consider someone to be' attractive .. .
If you doubt something that you've heard .. .
If you recollect an experience .. .
If you contemplate your future .. .
If you analyse a problem .. .
If you memorise a number ...
If you can't comprehend something ...
If somebody reminds you of another person .. .
If an idea occurs to you .. .
1 Women communicate far better than men.
2 The more attractive you are, the easier it is to

make friends .
3 The funniest comedian ever is Steve Martin.
4 The most intelligent people are often the least
talkative.
S The more you study a language, the harder it
gets.
6 Humans are becoming more and more
dependent on machines .
7 Teenagers don't work as hard as adults.
8 People are usually more attractive than they
think.
1 you think about it in a logical way.

2 you think it probably isn't true.
3 you learn it so that you won't forget it.
that is your opinion.

they make you think of that other person.
you think about it for quite a long time.
it comes into your mind suddenly.
you think it might be true but you aren't sure.
9 you don't understand it.
10 you think about it at a later date.
4
S
6
7
8
Choose the correct verbs in italics to complete a-e.
a I often sit and contemplate/recollect tile meaning

of life, but I doubt/ suspect 1'11 ever find any
answers!
b It reminded/ occurred to me last night that
I usually like people who remind/ recollect me of
my parents.
c Until then, she had always considered/
contemplated him a very logical person who
could analyse/contemplate any situation.
d She says that she has recollected/ memorised
10,000 telephone numbers, but I strongly
suspect/doubt that she's lying.
e I recollect/ memorise seeing snow for the first
time when I was three years old; I couldn't
consider/ comprehend what was happening.
-.0
Unit 10
Read sentences 1-8 below. In pairs decide

a which sentences contain comparatives and
which contain superlatives.
b which sentences you agree with and which you
disagree with.
Rewrite sentences a-f, keeping the same meaning,

but using another form of comparative.
Example I'm worse at remembering faces than
I am at remembering names.
I'm not as good at remembering faces as
I am at remembering names.
a
b
c
d
My best friend drives more slowly than I do.

The weather is cooler in the autumn.
Air tickets are getting less and less expensive.
In my opinion, this exercise isn't as easy as it
looks .
e This school isn't as big as I remember it.
Our local shops are further than we'd like them
to be.
In pairs, make comparisons about the photos in

1-3 using the adjectives given or your own ideas.
Example I don 't think a footballer is as athletic as
a ballerina.
I don't agree. I think a footballer is more
athletic, but far less graceful.
et
athletic
exciting
graceful
enjoyable

a The richer people become, .. .
b The better I got to know him, .. .
c The calder the weather becomes, ...
d The more we use cars rather than public
transport ...
e . .. , the more tired I get.
Complete sentences 1-6 with the superlative form

of the adjective in brackets and the correct option
(A, B or C). Check the answers on page 154.
1 The (high) mountain in the world is ....
A Everest B K2 C Kangchenjunga
2 The (far) of these planets from the sun is ....
A Neptune B Uranus C Saturn
3 The (dangerous) job in Britain is being a .. ..
A builder B fisherman C policeman
4 The (hard) substance in the world is ... .
A diamond B steel C glass
5 The (large) creature to live on earth is the .. . .
A blue whale B brontosaurus C elephant
6 The (intelligent) animal on earth is the ... .
A dolphin B dog C chimpanzee
Use the prompts in a-e to write superlative

questions with most or least. Then ask and answer
in pairs as in the example.
Example frightening experience/ have
What's the most frightening experience
you 've ever had?
It was when my brother put a spider in
my bed.
rich
safe
a
b
c
d
e
dangerous thing/ do
interesting place/ visit
attractive person / meet
expensive present / buy
enjoyable film / see
expensive
Unit 10
e.-
Listening
1 Look at pictures 1-3. In your opinion, which one best conveys the
feeling of being in a dream?
Discuss how dreams can be different from real life. Think about
people and places
sequence of events
feelings
time
024 You will hear five people talking about their dreams. Choose
from the list A-F the things that each person dreams about. Use the
letters only once. There is one extra letter.
A things going wrong
B animals
C ordinary, everyday events

D unconnected events
E very recent events
F strangers
Speaker
Speaker
Speaker
Speaker
Speaker
1
2
3
4
5
CD
CD
Cl)
CD
[1iI
024 Complete the verb + preposition expressions that the speakers
use. Then listen again and check your answers.

Speaker
Speaker
Speaker
Speaker
Speaker
-.0
Unit 10
1
2
3
4
5
I sometimes make .. ...

more interesting dreams.
Things normally work ...
.. better in my dreams.
I know I'm messing things ... ...... , but I can't help it.
If I came ..................... somebody from my dream, I'd be terrified.
My brother is always going ..................... about his dreams.
Replace each verb + preposition expression in 4 with a single verb.

a Do you analyse your dreams? What do you think some of them
might mean?
b Have any of your dreams ever come true?
Speaking
Part 2
Look at the list below of ten phobias, things people

are afraid of, and answer these questions.
a Which do you think people fear about each one?
b Which can you match to photos 1 and 2?
heights
flying
open spaces
spiders
thunderstorms
small spaces
public speaking
darkness
germs and di rt
water
Match a-h with photo 1 or photo 2. Brainstorm

other words you might need to describe the
photos.
a ropes
b depth
c mask
d cave
e torch
f rock face
g wet-suit
h darkness
Compare the photos and say why these activities

would be enjoyable for some people but a
nightmare for others. The phrases below and the
how to do it box will help you .
Comparing photos
In the first photo ... but in the second one ...
This picture ... while on the other hand this one.
In comparison to the first photo, this one ...
how to do it
Describe each scene in general. Mention any

obvious similarities or differences .
Say how they make you feel, or what they remind
you of.
Describe what the people are doing and wearing .
Say how the people might be feeling and how you
might feel in a similar situation.
Unit 10
e.
Use of English
noun
uf i es
We can add suffixes to verbs or adjectives to

make nouns. Sometimes the spelling changes.
verb
Iexpress
dominate
manage
-7
noun
-(t)ion
expression
domination
management
excitement
-ment
excite
adjective
!happy
weak
-7
_~-{-ness
Isimilar
popular
C t_y _
-
Are geniuses
born . r made?
noun
happiness
I weakness
slmllanty
popularity
Add a suffix to each of the underlined words in a-g

to make a noun that completes the second sentence.
Example They donated a lot of money to Oxfam .
They made a big oo).J!;1Jio).J to Oxfam.
a My boss thinks it's very important to be punctual.
My boss thinks
.............. is very important.
b The police are investigating the crime.
The police are carrying out an ........................... into
the crime.
c My secretary has resigned. I need to find
someone to replace her.
My secretary has resigned. I need to find a
.................................. for her.
d Unlike many superstars, she's well known for
being polite.
Unlike many superstars, she's well known for
her
...
e My brother is very sensitive to other people's
feelings .
My brother shows a great deal of . ..
.... to
other people's feelings.
f
Do you enjoy watching reality TV shows?

Do you get a lot of .
. .......... from watching
reality TV shows?
g Mick is responsible for organising the Christmas

party.
Mick has
...... for organising the
Christmas party.
Unit 10
ost people consider that geniuses

are different from ordinary people
from bi rth. However, a 0 psychOlogist
called Professor Michael Howe has
challenged this 1
. According to him, the
secret of genius is hard work!
Professor Howe has also shown that nearly all

geniuses have the 2.
to concentrate for long
periods of time. They are not easily distracted by
people or events because it is so 3 ..... .... for them
to achieve their goal. 'What makes geniuses 4
is their long-term 5
. ,' he explains. 'All geniuses
have a clear idea of their goal , and they pursue that
goal with total 6 ...... . Their 7 ...
are exceptional
because they make an exceptional effort.'
Throughout the centuries, the 8 .
composers
in the world have often been child prodigies.
However, even the most exceptionally able still
took at least ten years of hard study to become
a major composer.
It would be untrue to suggest that every genius
talented
begins as a child prodigy. Many 9
adults - including Charles Darwin - were
unexceptional in their youth. And what' s more,
many child prodigies do not go on to achieve
anything 10
as adults.
Read the text opposite, ignoring

the gaps, and say whether a-c
are true or false according to
the text.
a Michael Howe believes that
all geniuses are naturally
clever.
b Even the best composers
had to work hard to become
great.
c All geniuses are very clever
as children.
Vocabulary
Expressions with mind
1
a
b
c
d
e
f
3 Complete the gaps in the text

with words formed from 1-10
as shown.
Example
Look at expressions a-I and say in which ones mind is a verb, and in
which a noun.
psychology --7 noun
mind your own business

Do you mind if ...
I don't mind + noun or - ing
ch ange your mind
make up your mind
mind your head
g spring to mind
h take your mind off someth ing
be bored out of your mind
j be in two minds about something
k bear something in mind
Would you mind + -ing
Use expressions from 1 in the correct form to complete what the

people are saying or thinking in 1- 4.
(a person)
psychologist
1 believe --7 noun
2 able --7 noun
3 importance --7 adjective
4 difference --7 adjective
5 commit --7 noun
6 dedicate --7 noun
7 achieve --7 noun
8 great --7 superlative form
9 high --7 adverb
10 significance --7 adjective
1 I'm ..
2 I hope you haven't ..
3 Would you .. .
4 This film will ...

... ~..~~ our problems .
. .~ ........... ~ .................... ~ .... ~ ................. ~ . ?
Rewrite these sentences using an expression with mind from l.

a As she watched the plane land, she suddenly remembered her own
first experience of air travel.
b I can't decide which restaurant to go to this evening.
c Please could you open the door for me?
d My dad is happy to give us a lift into town.
e I don't want advice about my personal life. Please don't interfere.
f Is it all right if I give my friend your phone number?
Unit 10
G.-
Writing
Part 1 A letter
~ Write one paragraph
Read the letter of application below. In which paragraph does the

writer
a say what else she is sending with the letter?
b say how good her English is, and how she'd like to improve it?
c give details of her qualifications?
d say where she saw the advertisement and why she is writing?
Raquel starts the letter with Dear Ms Jordan and finishes with Yours
sincerely. If she didn't know the name of the recipient, how would she
. , for each main idea.

Don't write more than
four paragraphs.
a start the letter?

b finish the letter?
Dear Ms Jordan,
I am writing in response to your advertisement in the Daily News for
the Post-Graduate Diploma in English Literature. I want to apply for a
place on the course that starts on 15th September.
I am 22 years old and have just done a degree in English Language
and Literature at Madrid University, which I passed with Distinction.
While at university I specialised in 19th century literature. Now
I would very much like to increase my knowledge of 20th century
literature.
I have visited Britain a few times and went to summer language
schools in Brighton and Oxford . I can read and write English very
well, and I am keen to continue my studies in Britain to improve my
speaking and listening skills.
Here's my CV with lots of information about my qualifications and
work experience. I look forward to getting a reply.
Yours sincerely
1<-AqlAd
0 1{IZAltlZ
enc. CV
3 Identify seven words or phrases in Raquel's letter that are too informal
or inappropriate for a letter of application. Replace them with a-g.
a completed
b I enclose
c attended
.0
Unit 10
d on a number of occasions
e hearing from you
I would like to
g full details of
Match a-f with 1-6 to form sentences appropriate for a formal letter.
a
b
c
d
e
I look forward to hearing from you

As for my qualifications
I'd be grateful if you could
I should like to apply for
I have two years' experience of
I am available
1
2
3
4
5
6
...
...
...
...
...
...
, I have a degree in English.

working in hotels.
send me details of the syllabus.
at your earliest convenience.
for interview from 1st March.
the post of receptionist.
You saw this advertisement in a newspaper. Read the advertisement

and your notes, then write a letter of application in 120-150 words.
We offer
. y of full-time and
part-time courses in English as a
Foreign Language that prepare
students for the Cambridge exams:
English for
FCE~
tlVlIS
English for CPE
one
English for IELTS
. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , Mention
ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS
stuciies/
Minimum age 17.
e;<a.,MS
Applicants are expected to have reached a
good intermediate level.
Our courses are very popular and places are
limited. Apply early to avoid disappointment.
Please apply in writing, saying why

you wish to study here, to: ~
Martin Jarvis, Director of Studies
'\
give cieta.,,/s
Review
1
Rewrite sentences a-i using the verbs in the box in

the correct form, and making any other necessary
changes to the sentences.
Complete the text below using words formed from

the base words in 1-10.
regular
1 invite
2 arrange
3 psychology
0
suspect
analyse
comprehend
consider
contemplate
doubt
memorise
occur
recollect
remind
difficult
5 sincere
6 commit
7 participate
8 surprise
equal
10 sense
9
Example
I've always thought that he didn't like me.

I've always suspected that he didn't like me.
John makes me think of a friend I had at school.
I don't think we will win the World Cup.
In my opinion, he 's very impolite.
For homework my daughter had to learn a
Shakespeare poem by heart.
e He's thinking carefully about resigning and
looking for another job.
f We need to think logically about the results of
the experiment.
g Can you remember exactly what he said?
h I suddenly thought of the answer in the bath.
It's difficult to understand why she wants a divorce.
a
b
c
d
Form the part of speech shown in brackets from

the words in a-h.
a
b
c
d
astonish (noun)
discussion (verb)
inform (noun)
excitement (verb)
e
f
g
h
illegality (adjective)
sad (noun)
carelessness (adjective)
similar (noun)
Use the correct form of words in 2 to complete

these sentences.
... about the
a Liam and I had a long
advantages and disadvantages of living abroad.
b It was very ................. of David to lose the house
keys .
c The police rang to .................... me that they'd caught
the man who stole my car.
d Harry bears a striking ..................... to his brother. It's
sometimes difficult to tell them apart.
e In Britain it's .............. to sell cigarettes to people
under 18.
It was with great ................ that doctors announced
the death of the much-loved President.
g Mark is incredibly forgetful. It would .... me
if he remembered his mother's birthday.
h The news that a circus was coming to town
caused great . .......... among the children.
G Unit 10
ost people (0) regularly over-commit.
How often do we agree to meet friends.

accept (1) ..................... or offer to help a
family member. only to realise that in making the
.. we've been too generous with our
(2) .. .
time? (3) .................... believe that we 'over-commit'
because we have (4) ................. judging how much
time there is available. We fill our diaries with
things to do. (5) ..................... believing that we'll have
more time in the future than we have in the
present. Of course. when tomorrow turns into
today. we discover that we are too busy to fulfil
. .... that we've made. The nature
all of the (6) ..
of time deceives us and we 'forget' about how
things fill our days and compete for our time.
in a survey believed that
Nearly all the (7) ..
they would have more free time next month than
now. When questioned a month later. they were
(8) .................... to find that they were (9) ..... .... busy.
So next time a distant cousin suggests a gettogether. or you are invited to th ree parties in the
week before Christmas. try to think ahead and
consider whether it would be more (10) ............. to
be less generous with your ti me.
d machi
Lead in
1
Look at the photos of these things that

we generally no longer use, and discuss
these questions.
a What were they used for?
b What has replaced them?
c Is the replacement better and, if so, in
what way?
d Did the older version have any
advantages?
Which machines and gadgets that we
currently use might become obsolete in
the next few years? Why? What might
replace them?
Do you think that boys and girls are

equally interested in technology? Give
reasons and examples.
Unit 11
G.-
Reading
1 How much time do you spend using these every

day? Work out the average amount for each one,
and compare answers with a partner. Do you
think you spend too much time on any of them?
mobile phone
MP3 player
television
computer
Read the text about children and technology, and

say which of these statements is true, according to
the text.
a On the whole, if used wisely, technology has
more positive effects on children than negative
ones.
b The positive and negative effects of technology
on children are fairly equally balanced.
c The negative effects of technology on children
are so bad that they outweigh any benefits.
Read the text again carefully, and for questions

1-8, choose the answer CA, B, C or D) which you
thinks fits best, according to the text.
1 According to the text, children nowadays
A could be better at operating technology.
B have better lives than they did ten years ago.
C are certain to be affected by technological
advances .
D are going to have problems with technology
in the future .
2 The US survey showed that
A every child spends over seven hours with
gadgets.
B children spend more time on gadgets than
ever before.
C most children use two gadgets at one time.
D American children spend more time with
gadgets than other children.
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Unit 11
Kids love gadgets, don't they? Or perhaps it's just that

they have never lived without them? Children today
would find it hard to imagine life without mobile
phones, iPods, computer games and the Internet,
and there are very few who aren't technically literate
and skilled at using them . Technology has advanced
rapidly, particularly over the last decade, and gadgets
and gismos will have an ever-increasing influence on
children's lives. A survey of young people between
the ages of eight and 18 in America showed that the
average time children spend using electronic gadgets
has risen dramatically, to around seven hours and 38
minutes a day. And some are consuming up to 10 hours'
electronic content a day, because they use more than
one gadget at the same time.
Technology has without question improved the
quality of children's lives. Children's television can be
informative as well as entertaining, and in schools,
computers are increasingly used as an aid to learning.
Educational software frequently offers children the
chance to work together, take turns, discuss and
solve problems, and all computer games help to
improve motor skills and hand-eye co-ordination .
Computers and the Internet offer children a sense of
empowerment, and provide them with the tools and
information needed to solve problems or find things
out. Texting, emailing and blogging all drive children to
be more experimental with the written word . A recent
British survey showed that children who use technology
are much more confident about their writing skills.
Technology also has a social role. Over 25% of British
eight to 11-year-olds who have a computer are members
of an online social network like Facebook or Bebo.
They make new friends and chat online, and consider
this important, although it can also have downsides.
Furthermore, good computer skills are essential in
today's job market, so the more confident children are
with computers, the greater the advantage they will
have when looking for a job.
Despite these considerable advantages, the press
contains almost daily reports of the negative effects
that technology has on children . There is a widely held
opinion that technology makes children lazy. While
this isn't technically true, it can reduce or replace the
opportunity for physical activity for some children .
But is there an even darker side? Dr Susan Greenfield
believes so. She thinks that spending too long in
3 According to the text, technology

A can help children develop mentally and
physically.
B is the best tool for teaching children in
school.
C is used by children principally for
entertainment and fun.
D encourages children to work harder.
4 According to the text, what is another important
advantage that computer skills give children?
A They help them to use social networking
sites.
B They help with future employment.
C They make them better at talking.
D They make them more confident with people.
S How does Dr Greenfield feel about computer
games?
A She thinks they stop children exercising.
B She thinks they are harmless fun .
C She thinks they are potentially dangerous.
D She thinks they are good, because they
produce a useful chemical.
6 According to some doctors, computer games can
A give children a false sense of reality.
B help children understand the real world.
C prevent children from having emotions.
D help children deal with other people.
7 What action has been taken as a result of the

worst effects of technology on children?
A Many children worldwide are now prevented
from playing computer games.
B Clinics for computer-addicted children are
being set up all over the UK.
C Child addicts are being taught
communication skills in a new clinic.
D Children are talking to each other more to
help them to develop their sense of identity.
8 According to the text, the advice from
psychologists is that children
A should never spend longer than a couple of
hours a day with gadgets.
B can spend more time on gadgets, if it
involves listening to music.
C shouldn't do their homework on a computer.
D should stop playing computer games
altogether.
Match a-f with 1-6 to make verb-noun

collocations. Then check your answers by finding
them in the text.
a
b
c
d
e
use
solve
take
improve
make
attain
2
3
4
S
6
turns
new friends
a gadget
a goal
a problem
hand-eye co-ordination
5 Which of the points in the text do you agree or

disagree with? Why?
50
55
60
cyberspace can actually alter the chemistry of the brain. As

some children spend between six to nine hours daily staring
at a screen, she thinks that their minds are developing
differently. The more we play games, the more we are
focused on the process and the thrill of attaining the goal.
When we win at something, a chemical called dopamine
is released in the brain, which makes you feel happy and
so becomes addictive. What does not count here is the
meaning and content - what does the game mean? Who are
the characters in the game and why are they there? This is
another level of understanding and reasoning that the brain
needs and which is omitted in many computer games. Or
Greenfield is concerned that if we don't do enough of the
right type of thinking, our brains could become less able to
function on all levels.
70
75
80
65
Doctors also feel that the safe, ordered, two-dimensional

computer world does not help children operate in the
messy, emotional, three-dimensional real world. Dealing
with people through face-to-face conversations, activities

and challenges, helps children to develop their own sense
of self and identity. Computer games cannot help children
with everyday reality and can actually hinder their ability
to deal with it. Many children have seemingly become
addicted to their computers and their cyberwortd, and this
has lead to the first technology rehab clinic being set up
in Britain. The clinic not only controls computer access for
child addicts, but also offers psychological help to improve
these children's confidence and face-to-face verbal skills.
The message from psychologists seems to be clear. While
banning computer games is clearly not an option, too
much of anything is not a good thing. But how much is
too much and who decides? Psychologists say that two
hours of gadget time a day is more than enough, but does
that include homework. listening to music, and emails to
friends, for example? Is it up to parents, schools, or the
government? And what do young people themselves think?
Vocabulary
Gadgets and their parts
1
Read the advertisement below, then complete gaps 1-5 with these words.
battery life
Internet access
ringtones
wireless
text
Write an advertisement for this MP3 player. Use the advert in 1 as a

model, and make it sound as attractive as possible.
built-in radio

mlnl40GB hard drive
comfortable
headphones
.e
Unit 11
Grammar
If Jane didn't have a cold, she'd go swimming with Tom.

2 If Jane didn't have a cold, she'd have gone
swimming with Tom.
3 If Josh hadn't spent all his money, he'd have gone
out with his friends.
4 If Josh hadn't spent all his money, he'd go out
with his friends.
Conditionals GR p174-175
1 Correct the mistakes in the underlined clauses in
a-d and name the type of conditional (zero, 1st,
2nd or 3rd).
a If I would win the lottery, I'd buy an
enormous plasma television.
b If you give me a blank CD, I burn the album
onto it for you.
c If you'll press this key, it sends the text message.
d If I knew it was illegal, I wouldn't have
downloaded all those songs.
In pairs, decide if future events a-f are probable

or improbable for your partner. Then, depending
on your decision, write a question for each one
using the first or second conditional.
Example
a
b
c
d
e
f
a Does Jane have a cold in sentence 1, sentence 2

or both?
b Has Tom already gone swimming in sentence 1,
sentence 2 or both?
c Has Josh spent all his money in sentence 3,
sentence 4 or both?
d Have his friends gone out in sentence 3,
sentence 4 or both?
Harry didn't go to the party because he's

getting up early tomorrow.
Harry would have gone to the party if he
weren't getting up early tomorrow.
a We have to walk to school because the car has

broken down.
... if the car hadn't broken
down.
b I won't speak to him because he was so rude to me.
I would speak to him .....
c I'm not interested in how this mobile works, so
I didn't read the manual.
If I'd been interested in how this mobile works,
win the lottery

go to the cinema at the weekend
visit the UK this summer
surf the Internet at the weekend
lose your mobile phone
not have any homework this evening
you wrote in 2.
d You didn't listen to the instructions so you don't

know what to do.
. ...................................... , you'd know what to do.
e I'm annoyed because he borrowed my lap top
without asking me first.
................................................. if he hadn't borrowed my
lap top without asking.
The sea isn't very warm so we didn't go swimming.
. ................................................ we'd have gone swimming.
Write sentences using the third conditional as in

the example.
Example I missed the bus so I was late for my class.
If I hadn't missed the bus, I wouldn't
have been late for my class.
a I bought a new MP3 player because I lost my

old one.
b I didn't know you liked opera, so I didn't buy
you a ticket.
c The burglar got in because I forgot to shut the
window.
d Carl didn't buy the computer because it was
so expensive.
e I couldn't find your number so I couldn't
phone you.
Complete sentences a-f with mixed conditionals.

Example
go out this evening

Improbable - Where would you go if
you went out this evening?
Probable - Where will you go if you go
out this evening?
3 In the same pairs, ask and answer the questions
Read mixed conditional sentences 1-4 and answer

questions a-d below.

Try to include some mixed conditionals.
a If you show me how to turn on this laptop ...
b I'd use the Internet more often if .. .
c If I'd known you were coming, .. .
d I might have bought a motorbike if ...
e I'd have been amazed if ...
Unit 11
e.-
Listening
1 Look at the photos and discuss these questions.

a Who do you think invented each one, a man or a woman? Why?
b Why do you think there were more male than female inventors
in the past?
You are going to listen to a radio programme about inventors. First, read
questions 1-7, but not the options, and decide which are the key words in
the questions.
Unit 11
Why did Dr Franklin research female inventors?

A to prove to her colleagues that they existed
B to inspire girls to study science subjects
C to find out how many inventions they were responsible for
Why aren't there more women inventors in history?
A It wasn't an acceptable thing for a woman to do.
B Women didn't want to seem clever, even if they were.
C Very few women studied science.
Why were patents for inventions often in the husband's name?
A The husband wanted to take the credit for his wife's ideas.
B Women couldn't afford to pay for patents.
C Wives did not have any right to ownership.
Lady Ada Lovelace didn't patent her invention because
A society didn't approve of women doing such things.
B she wasn't accepted as a lady.
C she wasn't of the right social class.
Josephine Cochrane became an inventor because
A she spent a lot of time at home.
B she didn't like making coffee.
C her staff were careless.
Mary Anderson's invention occurred to her when
A she was travelling by tram for the first time in New York.
B she went on a tram journey in a different climate.
C she became annoyed that the tram she was on kept stopping.
Emily Canham's invention came about because
A she was observant.
B she was a driver.
C she didn't like danger.
Now listen and choose the best answer, A, B or C, for questions

1-7 in 2.
Think about your answers to 1. Are you surprised by any of the

information you heard?
Speaking
Parts 3 and 4
Identify the gadgets in the pictures. Which ones do you own? What do
you use them for?
Make a sentence for each of the gadgets as in the example.

EXl mple If we didn't have TV remote controls, we'd have to
get up every time we wanted to change channels or
adjust the volume.
Listen to two students talking about some of the gadgets shown,

and answer the following.
a Which gadgets do they discuss?
b Which gadgets do they decide are the most useful?
c Do you agree with their opinions?
Listen again and say which of the expressions in the language

box they use .
Agreeing
Yes, I agree (with you).
I couldn't agree more.
I see what you mean, but

That may be true, but. . ..
So do I.INeither do I.
That's right/true
Don't you think that ... ?

That's a good point, but I ...
---
Disagreeing
----
In pairs, do the following, using the phrases in 4 and the tip box
to help you.
Discuss why the gadgets shown are useful, and how life would be
different without them.
Decide which two gadgets it would be most difficult to live
without and why.
You can use these phrases for starting a Part 3 discussion:
Let's talk about ... first.
We could start by talking about ...
You can use these phrases for bringing a discussion to a close:

I think we need to make a decision.
Shall we try to come to an agreement?
Discuss these Part 4 questions.

a Do gadgets always make our lives easier?
b Can you think of a gadget which is completely unnecessary?
Why is it unnecessary?
c Do you think we rely too much on computers?
d Do computers and gadgets make us antisocial?
Unit 11
G.
Use of English
Part 2 Open cloze
ban
o-w /bren/ verb, noun
verb (nn) 1 .... - sth to decide or say officially that sth is

not allowed 4:TID proh ibit: Chemical weapons are banned
international(y. 2 .... [usually passive] to order sb not to do
5th, go somewhere, etc, especially officially: - sb from sth
He was banned from the meeting. " - sb from doing sth
She's been banned from leaving Greece while the allegations
are investigated. " (BrE) He was banned from driving for six
months.
noun .... - (on 5th) an official rule that says that 5th is not
allowed: There is to be a total ban on smoking in the office. "
to impose/lift a ban
a Some pressure groups have proposed a ban .

genetic engineering.
b Who is responsible ................... organising the trip to
the science museum?
c Cathy spends a lot of money ................ computer
games.
2
responsible
Look at these dictionary entries then complete the

gaps in sentences a-c.
o-w /n'sponsabl ; NAmE -'spa:n/ adj.
JOB/DUTY 1 .... having the job or duty of doing 5th

or taking care of sb/sth, so that you may be blan1ed if sth
goes wrong: - (for doing sth) Mike is responsible for de
signing the entire project. 0 - (for sb/sth) Even where parents no longer live together, they each continue to be
responsible for their children.
Complete sentences a-g with these prepositions,

then check your answers in a dictionary.
HAVING
for
o-w
Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, 8th edition
G Unit 11
to
with
a In the future we will rely ..................... robots to do

menial tasks.
b There's something wrong .................. this DVD
player. I can't get it to record.
c Jack Kilby won a Nobel prize in 2000 for his
contribution ............... computer science .
d My brother has applied ..................... a job with IBM.
e There's a strong demand ............. ...... . 3G mobile
phones this Christmas .
Scientists are trying to develop robots that are
similar . ........ humans.
g You can use this software on a Mac, but it isn't
compatible ............... Windows.
spend
/spend/ verb, noun
verb (spent, spent /spent!) 1 .... [T, I] to give money to pay
for goods, services, etc: - 5th T've spent all my money a/ready. 0 - 5th on 5th/on doing sth She spent 100 on a new
dress. 0 - (5th doing 5th) The company has spent thousands
of pounds updating their computer systems. 0 I just can't
seem to stop spending.
on
3 Read the text opposite, then complete gaps 1-12

with one word each.
In which gaps in 3 did you need to add

a a preposition after a verb?
b a preposition after an adjective?
a preposition after a noun?
Vocabulary
Compound nouns
1
Read the compound nouns in the

box, then answer questions a and b.
Internet access mobile phone
search engine artificial intelligence
instant mess aging
a Which of them are formed from
two nouns?
b Which of them are formed from
an adjective and a noun?
Complete a-e with compound

nouns from 1.
a Google is the most popular ....
on the Internet.
b My teenage daughter sits at
her computer all day using
................................. to chat with her
friends .
c It's illegal to use a ..
while you're driving, unless you
have hands-free equipment.
d You can get .................. .... ............ through
any number of Internet service
providers.
e Scientists researching
have developed computers that
can understand human speech .
H
his week has seen thtJ.. largest ever display of footballing

skills - by robots. RoboCup, the World Cup in robotic
at an American University,
football, has been taking
with teams 2 ..... ...... robots from all around the world participating.
l
HHHHH
The contestants in the Humanoid League are similar 3 .

children in size, while those competing 4 ........ the Nano-Cup
are 5
small that a microscope is needed to see them.
Compared to their human equivalents, robotic footballers 6. .
many advantages: they can keep playing all day, they don't talk
they ask for more money, you can simply take
back, and 7 .. ...
out their batteries.
H
Read the tip box, then form

compound nouns for a-f using
these words. Check your answers
and spelling in a dictionary.
board
screen
lap
site
text
life
....... 50 years' time,

Experts are confident that in less 8
.......... human side
football-playing robots capable of taking on 9
created. And the technology developed in order
will have 10...
11 ............ make RoboCup possible will be used after the World Cup for
more important things such 12 ................... search and rescue missions.
HH
HH
a key
b web
c battery .
d computer
... top
e
f
.
message
Some compound nouns are written

as a single word, some as two words,
and some with a hyphen. Check in
your dictionary if you aren't sure.
Unit 11
e.- l
Writing
Part 1 A letter of complaint
Dear Sir or Madam,
Order number RX5468J
Read the letter of complaint opposite

and say which of these complaints
the customer is making.
a The wrong product was sent.
b They were overcharged.
c The product was damaged.
d The product was delivered late.
e The product didn't work.
They didn't get a response to their
complaints.
I am writing to complain about a Sonitech LCD .

television which I bought recently from your we.bslte,
www.tvsanddvdsgalore.co.uk. Although you claim
your service is 'unbeatable', it certainly leaves
a lot to be desired.
First of all, I ordered a 32-inch television, but you
sent me one with a 28-inch screen. Secondly, I placed
the order on 17th December, but despite the fact .
that you guaranteed to deliver it befo.re Christmas, It
didn't arrive until 28th December. ThiS was extremely
disappointing as it was a Christmas present for
Read the phrases in the language

box and say which ones Sheila uses
in her letter.
my husband.
Finally, I should like to complain about your customer
service department. I contacted you on a number ~f
occasions via your website. However, I did not receive
a reply to my emails or even an aCknowl~dgement that
you had received them. I also tried phoning, but the
line was either engaged or I was put through to an
Expressing contrast
Despite (the fact that) .
In spite of (the fact that)
Although/Even though .
However, .
... whereas.
... but ...
answering machine.
I would be most grateful if you would arrange to collect
the television and give me a full refund. I look forward
to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully
5heila LJat.50n
3 Complete sentences a-f with an appropriate phrase from 2.

a
b
c
d
e
f
Unit 11
.. ............. not receiving the goods, my credit card was charged

the full amount.
The handset I have received is purple, .................. the one in
the advertisement is blue.
....... I ordered the computer in May, it did not arrive
until August.
The special offer included free headphones. .. . ......... , these
did not arrive.
The technical support staff were friendly
... not very
knowledgeable.
I have heard nothing from the manufacturers, .................... having
written to them twice .
Read the task below, and the advertisement with the notes. For each
note write a sentence using one of the phrases in 2. In one clause
mention what you expected or what the web site claimed, in the other
clause say what actually happened.
Example Although you promised to deliver the phone before
Christmas, I didn't receive it until 27th December.
You saw this advertisement on the Internet and ordered a mobile phone. You
were not happy with the service you received. Read the advertisement and
the notes you made. Write a letter of complaint to the company, mentioning
the things you were unhappy about. Ask for a full refund of your money.
Write a letter of 120-1S0 words. Include the sentences you wrote in 4.
CHEAP MOBILES!
Reliable mobiles at unbeatable prices!
Find your mobile cheaper on another website
S aw d c-I-1eaper.
and we'll refund the difference.
Delivered- late.
---t--~
Order now for delivery before Christmas.
Mobifone 612
0
Wrong Mod-el.
Sent tv\obfone II DD.
Voicetech V220
Mitsuda 0600
N ore iOfg
More '1fo
ONLY 100
ONLY 100
Add to basket
Add to basket
ONLY 110
Add to basket
FREE DELIVERY!
About us
Contact
Terms and conditions
FAQs
Privacy policy
Site map
Unit 11
e.-
Review
1
Read the definitions in a-d and complete

the words they define.
on my computer. (key)
a I've got a wireless .
b If you leave your MP3 player switched on, you
may shorten its ................. . (life)
c
is an area of computer science that
focuses on creating machines that can think.
(intelligence)
d My dad takes his .. ........... with him every
morning so that he can work on the train. (lap)
e If you're planning to sell goods on the Internet,
you need a well-designed .............. . (web)
a something that helps you use your mobile phone

without having to hold it to your ear
w ............. headset
b a way of sending very quick text messages
between computers
i .
m.
c to send a written message between mobile phones

t
d the sound a mobile phone makes when someone

is calling you
Complete the sentences with a word or phrase that

expresses contrast. There may be more than one
possible answer.
a
he's very wealthy, he's very careful with
his money.
b iPods are fantastic gadgets . They are, ................ ,
quite a bit more expensive than most MP3 players.
c John doesn't have a mobile phone, ................ his
sister Kate has three!
d I do like Peter, . .
I have to say, he can be
very moody and difficult.
e Scientists have built computers that can
understand speech. .
this, I don't think
they will ever develop a machine that can
actually think.
I thought I'd lost my mobile . ...... .......... , it turned
up in my wife's handbag.
Correct the mistakes in these sentences.

a I'm writing to complain of a DVD player I
bought from you.
b You have charged me over by 10.
c I tried to contact to you on a number of
occasions, without success.
d I would be most grateful when you would give
me a full refund.
e I look forward to hear from you .
r...
Make complete sentences by matching a-h with 1-8.

More and more people are getting interested
The high demand
I am responsible
You can't rely
There's a total ban
My sister has applied
g George seems to be completely unable to learn
h The huge increase in air travel has made a
significant contribution
a
b
c
d
e
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
on Mark to keep a secret.

for a place to study medicine at university.
to global warming.
from his mistakes.
in technology.
for oil has pushed prices up.
on smoking in our office.
for keeping the web site updated .
G Unit 11
Complete sentences a-e with compound nouns.

One part of each compound (either the first or the
second) is given in brackets.

dlffere~
Ma
Leadin
1
Match these social issues with photos 1-5, and describe what each
photo shows.
street crime
vandalism
homelessness
graffiti
begging
Are any of these social issues a problem where you live? What other
similar problems can you think of?
Discuss the impact of the issues from 2. Think about their effect
locally and nationally, then decide on an order, from most serious to
least serious.
Discuss how individuals and governments could tackle these

problems. Try to agree on one practical measure for each issue.
Unit 12
CD .-
Reading
1
2
Read the text opposite quickly, then match

sections A-D with the photos.
Read the text again carefully, then for questions
1-15, choose from the people or groups A-D.
Which person or group
1 risked death or serious injury?
2 targets people who take themselves too seriously?
3 protested against a company's methods of food
production?
4 has very well-known supporters?
5 made a long journey on their hands and knees?
6 ate an unusual meal as a way of protesting?
7 is more likely to repeat the stunt if people get
annoyed?
8 was very unpopular with animal rights groups?
9 acted in support of peace?
10 got into trouble with the law?
11 used an unusual costume to gain media attention?
12 uses food as a weapon?
13 found a protest very unpleasant?
14 has performed similar stunts in various countries?
15 makes well-known people the object of his stunts?
Complete the verb + noun collocations in a-g then
check your answers by finding them in the text.
bring cause earn become make raise have
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
..................... front page news (1. 4)

.................. a dislike for somebody (1. 15)
.................. a target (1. 31)
..................... (public) awareness (1. 40)
..................... something to someone's attention (1. 46)
.................... a scandal (1. 61)
..................... yourself a nickname (1. 86)
Giving reasons, say which of the stunts described

was, in your opinion
a the most unusual
b the most physically demanding
c for the best cause.
-.0
Unit 12
PROT[STS
HEN a group of American protestors threw
40,000 kU08 of tea Into Boston Harbour
In 1773 as part of their campaign against
unfair taxes, they made front page news around the
5 world. More than a century and a half later, one of the
best-known protestors In history, Mahatma Gandhi,
talked about being Inspired by the 'famous Boston
Tea Party'. Why was It so significant? Not because
It was particularly successful In political terms, but
10 because It demonstrated the power of the publicity
stunt. In today's society of 24-hour news coverage,
a good stunt Is an even more valuable weapon for
campaigners - and the more attention-grabbing It Is,
the better.
Noel Godin
Noel Godin is a Belgian writer, critic and actor, who has
a particular dislike for public figures whom he considers
to be self-important or lacking in a sense of humour. His
form of protest against these people is novel: he pushes
a large cream pie into their face. His most famous
20 victim is probably Bill Gates, head of software company
Microsoft and one of the wealthiest men in the world.
He 'cream-pied ' Gates in 1998, an incident which made
it onto news bulletins all around the world. He has also
singled out several French celebrities, including politician
25 Nicolas Sarkozy and film-maker Jean-Luc Godard. Godin
insists that his actions are non-violent; he is careful to
use very soft cakes filled with cream and perhaps a little
chocolate. If his victim reacts badly to the stunt, Godin
does it again at a later date. The French philosopher
30 Bernard-Henri Levy became so angry with Godin that he
has become a regular target, and has now been creampied five times.
15
PETA
PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) claims
to be the largest animal rights organisation in the world.
35 It has several high-profile faces behind it, including
Hollywood star Pamela Anderson, who help to focus media
attention on their campaigns. One ongoing campaign is
against the fast food chain KFC, whom they accuse of
animal cruelty, a charge the company denies. In 2005, to
40 raise public awareness of this campaign, a PETA volunteer
in the USA dressed up as a giant chicken and , sitting in
a wheelchair, repeatedly crossed the road outside a KFC
franchise in Columbia , South Carolina. Customers who
visited the restaurant during this time were not dissuaded
45 from buying food there, but the protest achieved its wider
objective: it appeared on TV news, thus bringing the issue
to the attention of the public.
Mark McGowan
Mark McGowan is part protestor, part performance artist.
His eye-catching stunts are intended to attract attention
50 and make people think. In 2003, in order to protest
about students having to borrow money to pay for their
university studies, he used his nose to push a peanut
along the pavement for 10 kilometres, finishing outside
the Prime Minister's official residence in Downing Street.
55 In December 2005, he crawled from London to Canterbury
(approximately 130 kilometres) to raise awareness of
loneliness at Christmas. Earlier that year, he turned on
a tap in an art gallery in London and planned to leave
it running for a year, wasting 15 million litres of water 60 although the water company he was protesting against
forced him to turn it off after a month. In 2007, he caused
a scandal by eating a swan as a protest against the
monarchy. According to an old law, all swans in the UK
are the property of the queen, and eating one is a crime.
65 However, it was not the police who objected but animal
rights activists! Eating the swan was not an enjoyable
experience, especially as McGowan is a long-standing
vegetarian. 'I suffer for my art,' he said. 'It was disgusting,
greasy and fatty.'
Alain Robert
70 In March 2003, Alain Robert climbed one of the tallest
buildings in Paris, the 180m TotalFinaElf skyscraper,

with his bare hands. A crowd of onlookers and officials
watched nervously as he made the ascent without ropes
or any other form of safety equipment, wearing a T-shirt
75 bearing an anti-war slogan. The crowd cheered when , after
45 minutes, he safely reached the top of the building,
where the police were waiting to arrest him. Climbing tall
buildings, with or without permission from the authorities,
has become something of an obsession for Robert. He
80 claims it began at the age of 12 when he forgot his keys
and was locked out of his parents' eighth-floor apartment.
Instead of waiting until they returned home, Alain climbed
up the outside of the tower block and got in through a
window. Since then , he has climbed some of the tallest
85 buildings in the world , including the Petronas Twin Towers
in Malaysia - twice. No wonder he has earned himself the
nickname 'the French Spiderman '.
Vocabulary
Grammar
Achievement and success
Causative verbs: have, make, let

and get GR p175
Complete phrases a-e with the words below.

achieve
ambition
manage
succeed
target
a fulfil/realise a/ an ..
b reach a/ an .
c ...
success
d
to do something
e
in doing something
H
.H
H . H . H H H H H H H
HH.H
.H H
. H H
Students back
hair protest
HH
Rewrite sentences a-d using the verb in brackets

in the correct form.
a The protestors were not successful in changing
the government 's policy. (manage)
b Sophia Coppola was successful in the film
industry at a young age. (achieve)
c Despite winning Pop Idol, she was unable to
make a career in music. (succeed)
d Last year, students from our school cycled
around Britain to raise money for Oxfam, and
successfully raised a figure of 60,000. (reach)
with the colours of his favourite football team. At

first, the school would not 2
Gavin attend
classes with his new hairstyle, claiming that it
might 3
fans of other teams become
aggressive. After discussions, Gavin 4 _ _ __
the school to change its mind and allow him back
into school, but he was 5
to wear a hat
during lessons.
realisation
a Winning an Olympic gold medal was the

................................. of a lifelong ambition.
b Failure is not an option; we expect ................................. .
c The first ................................. non-stop flight across the
Atlantic was made in 1919.
d Discovering the tomb of Tutankhamen was
Howard Carter's greatest
e Learning to drive in a month is difficult,
but ..............
H
Students at a college have staged a protest at the

treatment of a fellow student. The row began
his hair dyed
when Gavin Trent, 17, 1
Complete sentences a-e with the words below.

achievable
achievement
success
successful
H.H.H
HH
In pairs, tell each other about

an ambition that you have realised.
an ambition that you have not yet fulfilled.
something that you hope to achieve within
the next year.
-.0
Unit 12
Complete gaps 1-5 in the text with the correct

forms of have, let, get or make.
Complete sentences a-g with the verbs in the box.

Use the correct form of have + part participle.
cut
decorate
service
steal
deliver
take
develop
a I must .................... my car .................... . The engine's

making an odd sound .
b We ............ our living-room . ......... last week. It
looks fantastic with its fresh coat of paint.
c Many celebrities hate .....
their photos ..
by press photographers.
d When did you last .................. your hair ................... ?
eWe .
.... three newspapers ............... on
Sundays.
f One advantage of a digital camera is that you
don't need to .................. the pictures ................... .
g If you leave your mobile phone visible in the car
you're likely to .................... it
H
Look at the pictures and say what

work the owners of this house have
had done. Write sentences as in the
example using the verbs below.
build
finish
put on
make
remove
stay up late
tidy your bedroom
learn a musical instrument
wash your own clothes
surf the Internet
have a computer in your bedroom
watch anything you liked on TV
put in
Example They've had the roof put on.
4 Complete sentences a-f using make,

in active or passive form, and an
appropriate verb.
a The film had a very sad ending
that .................. me ..
b When I was younger I ..
10 minutes of violin practice every
evening by my parents.
c In the nineteenth century many
British children
......... long
hours in factories.
d I think I've made myself
clear. Don't ..
............... me .
myself.
e That song always .
. ......... me
...... of college. I used to
listen to it all the time as a student.
At the surgery Sam ....
... for
over an hour to see the doctor.
In pairs, talk about what your parents made you do or let you
do when you were younger, as in the example. Use the phrases
below and your own ideas.
Example
Did your parents let you stay up late?

Not very late. I had to go to bed before seven until
I was about 10 years old.
Did they make you tidy your bedroom?
Yes, they did, but not very often.
Say what would you do in each of these situations using have,

get. make and let.
a You are at a party and somebody spills orange juice on your
new jacket.
b Your best friend asks you to lend them a lot of money.
c You see a group of teenagers in the street painting graffiti on
a wall.
d You have ordered some books on the Internet but they
haven't arrived two weeks later.
e Your neighbours ' son keeps on kicking his ball into your
garden.
You see a young woman shoplifting.
Unit 12
G.-
Listening
Read the quotations below. Do you agree or

disagree with them? What do they tell you about
some people's opinion of teenagers?
2 You will hear two people talking about

a new way of controlling teenagers. Listen and
complete sentences 1-10.
1 lane Newton and the interviewer are outside the
Teenagers complain there's nothing to do, then

stay out all night doing it.
Little children, headache; big children, heartache.

(Italian proverb)
A boy becomes an adult three years before his

parents think he does, and about two years after
he thinks he does.
tod ay's children have straight teeth
Too many 0 f
and crooked morals.
2 lane Newton claims that vandals are responsible

for more than "" " "" "" " pounds of damage a
year.
3 Most of the vandalism in the town centre
happens after ................ and before 2 a.m.
4 The Mosquito doesn't affect .......... ... .. . because
the noise is too high-pitched.
5 The first Mosquito will be installed in the
6 There are plans to install ten devices before
7 According to lane Newton, ........ ........ per cent
of vandalism is committed by teenagers .
8 According to the interviewer, the Mosquito has
already been banned in both .......... ... ... and
9 lane is confident about the Mosquito's
.... .. .. .. .. .. .. despite recent research.
10 Some young people are apparently now using
the sound of the Mosquito on their .. ......... ..... .
3 Do you think the Mosquito is a good or bad idea?

Give reasons.
-.0
Unit 12
Speaking
Part 2
Match these words and phrases to

photos 1 and 2.
enclosure freedom man-made
natural habitat
protected
social group
solitary
Im\
Begin by making factual

. . , statements about the photos,
including the most obvious
similarities and differences. Then
move on to comments which involve
opinion or speculation
Compare the photos and say how life is different for the lions,
following the advice in the tip box.
In pairs, decide which lions have the better life, in your opinion,
and why.
Say whether you agree or disagree with these statements.

Give reasons.
a It's cruel to keep animals in zoos.
b Zoos help to save animals from extinction .
c It doesn't matter if animal species become extinct. It's natural.
Read the tip box, then decide which

of a-g are factual, and which convey
an opinion or speculation.
a Photo 1 shows a solitary lion
whereas photo 2 shows a group
of lions.
b I would imagine that the lion in
photo 1 is quite bored.
c The lion in photo 1 is in a zoo
or safari park.
d The lion in photo 1 probably has
to cope with crowds of noisy
visitors every day.
e It's likely that the lions in photo 2
are more exposed to dangers.
The lion in photo 1 looks
slightly depressed, in my view.
g Photo 2 shows a group of lions
in their natural environment.
Unit 12
G.-
Use of English
living
Find the adjectives in italics in a- h in a dictionary and say

whether one or both are possible in the sentences.
a Most of the information in that article is false/ untrue.
b In the past, most people over the age of 50 had false/ untrue
teeth.
c The campsite is next to a broad/wide river.
d This leaflet will give you a broad/ wide idea of the services
we offer.
e He refused to discuss his divorce, saying it was a personal/
private matter.
Stories are usually more convincing when they're written
from personal/ private experience.
g The Chrysler Building is one of the highest/ tallest buildings
in New York.
h He poured the lemonade into a high/ tall glass.
Read the text opposite, ignoring the gaps, and say whether
sentences a-c about Daryl Hannah are true or false.
a She wants people to try 'green living' and thinks they will
like it.
b She rarely talks about environmental issues because she
dislikes confrontation.
c She makes videos about environmental issues but is not
committed to them in her personal life.
3 Read the text again carefully and for 1-12 decide which answer
CA, B, C or D) best fits each gap.
0 A
1 A
2 A
3 A
4 A
5 A
6 A
7 A
8 A
9 A
10 A
11 A
12 A
pulls
arrives
tall
B
single
B
scene
B
private
B
contained B
bang
B
for
B
making
B
possible
B
do
B
more
B
up
B
G Unit 12
high
moment
picture
personal
followed
crash
of
bringing
available
have
many
down
black Chevrolet 0
into a filling station
and out steps Hollywood star Oaryl Hannah.
She undoes the petrol cap and starts filling up.
Then she pours herself a l
...... glass of the
green fuel , straight from the pump, and drinks it
without a 2
hesitation.
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
reaches
extended
moment's
view
personable
added
splash
to
having
ready
give
far
back
D stops
D lengthy
D second
D animation
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
separate
included
smash
in
letting
easy
make
much
out
This attention-grabbing 3
appeared on
Hannah's 'vlog' (video blog) and is part of her
new identity. The vlog, which features a new
segment every week , reveals Hannah's
4 .............. experience of the latest in green living.
Topics have 5
environmentally friendly
buildings, vegan diet, gorillas in Rwanda and
biodiesel - one of Hannah's favourite issues .
Best known for her roles in 6
.... hits
like Blade Runner, Splash and Kill Bill,
Hannah has a long-standing commitment
7
environmental living. But she's only
... her green lifestyle to
recently started 8
the attention of the public.
'People have to know that there are options
to us today,' she said. 'There is another
way, and it is practical and applicable now.'
Hannah's focus on solutions reaches people in

a way that protest and confrontation can't. All
she wants is for people to 10
... it a try.
'If you eat only vegetables and fruits that you
grow yourself in your garden, or organic food ,'
she says, 'it tastes so 11
.... better and is
better for you, you can 't really go 1 2 .
to
supermarket food .'
Vocabulary
Compound adjectives
1
Match a-h with 1-8 to form compound adjectives.

a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
eyelabourthirstrecordtimeheart
mouthmeat-
1 quenching
2 catching
3 saving
4 warming
S
6
7
8
watering
consuming
eating
breaking
Complete sentences a-h with compound adjectives

from l.
a Tyrannosaurus rex was a
dinosaur
whereas most dinosaurs were herbivores and ate
plants.
........ devices like washing machines and
b
dishwashers have made life much easier.
c I don't think people will notice such a small
advertisement - we need something more
HH
d Fizzy drinks aren't as .

. .............. as water.
e She ran the last lap of the race in just 45 seconds
- a ..
. achievement.
Picking grapes by hand is very ..
.... so
the job is done by machines in many vineyards.
g There was a . ....... .............. ....... ....... story on the news last
night about a teenager who dived into a river and
pulled a little girl to safety.
h This book contain hundreds of ..
recipes. I highly recommend it.
. H
Rewrite sentences a-e replacing the underlined

phrases with compound adjectives, as in the example.
Example
He used to be a Jayabout, who ate

chocolate and watched TV.
He used to be a chocolate-eating,
TV-watching layabout.
a Newspapers always put headlines that will grab

people's attention on the front page.
b He's always coming up with interesting ideas ill...
make money.
c My uncle runs a company that cleans windows.
d In Nicaragua, Jinotega and Matagalpa are the
largest areas where they grow coffee.
e The film which won an award is being shown
on TV tonight.
Unit 12
G.-
Writing
Part 2 An article
Read the exam task below, then

number the paragraphs in the
article in the correct order. Say
which words helped you.
Say which of 1-9 are

a usually used in formal writing
b usually used in informal writing
c used in both formal and
informal writing
1 not only .. . but also
2 furthermore
3 in addition
4 on top of that
5 what's more
6 to make matters worse
7 moreover
8 as well as
9 besides
Find five of the phrases in 2 in the

article.
How could the environment be Improved

in your town or village? Tell us your Ideas
for three changes that you think should
be made.
o Thirdly, I would ban lorries from driving through

the town centre. They cause a lot of noise and
pollution and what's more, they put people off
cycling, because cyclists are afraid they will get
o First, I would have the multi-storey car park in

the town centre demolished. Not only is it a
knocked off their bikes.
o We would all like to make our towns and villages
very ugly building, but it also attracts criminals,
more pleasant places to live and work in. If I
especially after dark. Moreover, removing the car
could make three changes to my hometown of
park would make people use public transport for
Monkton, this is what I would do.
coming into town.
o To sum up, if you visited Monkton, I'm sure you'd
o Secondly, I would have the area around the

lake cleaned up. At the moment, the banks are
agree that these simple changes would make it a
covered with litter. In addition, I would get the
much more attractive town, as well as improving
council to install some litter bins and erect some
the quality of life of its inhabitants.
picnic tables.
G Unit 12
Correct the underlined mistakes in a-e.

a Besides to ban cars from the centre,
I'd have the roads resurfaced.
b Cars cause a lot of pollution as well
as they are noisy.
c Not only there are not enough buses
but they are old and dirty.
d Moreover is the town hall old, it's
also ugly.
e In addition to clean up the park
I'd have a children's playground
installed .
5 Read the tip box, then find examples of

how the writer has attempted to involve
the reader.
Involve your readers by addressing

. . , them directly, and by using the personal
pronouns I, we and you.
Imagine you have seen the

announcement in 1 in a magazine
called Green Issues. Work in pairs and
decide on three areas for change, using
the ideas below to help you.
air quality
noise
recycling
public transport
buildings and roads
facilities
shops
parks and public
spaces
trees and plants
7 For each of the areas you chose in 6,

write two sentences about how things
could be improved. Try to use each of
these grammatical structures
at least once.
a have something done
b get someone to do something
c make something + adjective
d make someone do something
e would/ wouldn't let someone do
something
Example
I'd make people pick up their

litter, or pay a fine.
Write your answer to the task in 1 in 120180 words.
Unit 12
~ .-
Review
1
4 Read the text below and decide which answer

(A, B, C or D) best fits each gap 1-10.
Complete a-d using these verbs in the correct form.

manage
reach
realise
succeed
a The online petition ............... ........... .... in forcing the

government to change their policy.
b My grandfather always wanted to own a small
hotel. He was nearly 60 years old before he
......................................... his ambition .
c Protestors
................ to throw paint over the
visiting politician.
d Local shops hope to raise $1 million for Africa,
and so far they are about halfway to
............................... their target.
Complete the sentences using a word formed from

the word in brackets.
Example The exam was difficult, but I found it
............... ...... ............... (manage)
The exam was difficult, but I found it
manageable.
a The invention of dynamite was Alfred Nobel's
best-known ....
. .......... . (achieve)
b All across Europe we must ........................................ reduce
carbon emissions. (success)
c Meeting President Obama was the ....
of a longstanding ambition. (realise)
d Fair trade is only ................ ................... with the
cooperation of richer nations. (achieve)
e After several ............... attempts to find work,
Kevin moved to a different town . (success)
3 Rewrite sentences a-e replacing the compound

adjectives with a clause.
Example It was a life-changing experience for me.
lt was an experience that changed my life.
a There are three Chinese-speaking members of

staff where I work .
b I've just bought a bread-making machine.
c A tarantula is a large, bird-eating spider.
d This magazine is full of money-saving ideas.
e The goalkeeper was not really injured - it was
just a time-wasting tactic.
-.G
Unit 12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
biggest B strongest C largest D grandest

reply B response C answer D solution
engineered B filled C fed D powered
any B many C much D some
increased Braised C grew D lifted
difference B change C alteration D warming
classes B subjects C lectures D lessons
absolute B whole C complete D total
does B deals C makes D runs
do B get C have D make
IICCIlEEI
CATHERIIC
O
ne of the (1) ............... .. .

questions in the battle
against climate change is:
can our modern lifestyle
really be sustained by
alternative energy sources
alone? A community called The
Big Green Gathering is attempting
to prove that the (2) .
to
this question is yes. Even though the
community has a population of 20,000 people,
it uses no fossil fuels at all. Vehicles within the
community are (3)
..... by vegetable oil or grass.
Solar and wind power provide the electricity for the
(4) ............... nightclubs and bars.
The Big Green Gathering (5) ................ out of the
hippy movement of the 1970s, which promoted an
alternative lifestyle. But these days, you don't have
to be a hippy to care deeply about climate
(6) ............. ...... . It's something we all should worry
about, and festivals like these can teach us
important (7) ................... about how to make our
lifestyle more ecologically friendly.
In some ways, this is like any other music festival ,
with a main stage, giant loudspeakers and rows of
lights. Watching and listening as a band performs
on stage, you would assume that enormous petroldriven generators were being used to provide power.
But in fact, the (8)
. thing is powered by solar
panels. And away from the music, you can meet
Alex Gadsen, who (9) ............. the festival laundrette.
Alex has invented a pedal-powered washing
machine, so you can get a work-out as
you (10)
...... your washing!
App
- . . . -IX
The circle of life

Lead in page 9
3 Scarlett lohansson (photo 1) and Hunter lohansson (photo 6) are twins.
Ben Affleck (photo 2) and Casey Affleck (photo 7) are brothers.
Goldie Hawn (photo 3) are Kate Hudson (photo 8) are mother and daughter.
Charlie Sheen (photo 4) and Martin Sheen (photo 5) are son and father.
10
All in the mind
Lead in page 117

3
What's your learning style?

Mostly 'A' answers: You have a visual learning style . You learn best by looking at
pictures, charts, films and diagrams. You remember from seeing rather than listening.
Mostly 'B' answers: You have an aud itory learning style. You learn best by listening to
explanations, talking, and repeating things out loud . Your remember things you have
heard more than things you have seen.
Mostly 'C answers : You have a kinaesthetic learning style . You learn best by doing,
moving and touching . The best way for you to learn a language, for example, is by
interacting with other learners.
Appendix
e.-
10
Lead in page 117
4
Look at the photos and answer these questions.

a Which person didn't introduce themselves earlier?
b Can you remember the other five names?
c What else can you remember about them?
d Did anybody in the class remember everything
about each person?
Grammar page 121

5 1A
2C
38
Appendix
4A
SA
6C
Part 1 A letter or email

You saw this job advertisement in a magazine called Jobs Abroad. Read the
advertisement and the notes you have made. Then write an email application
for the job, using all your notes. Write 120- 150 words.
We are looking for Sports and Activities Organisers to

work in our summer camp for teenagers in Scotland.
Email us and tell us why you want the job and what you
could bring to it.
fef{ fheM
It doesn 't matter where you come from as long as you

have a good command of English.
Accommodation will be provided. _ _ _ _ _ _~
We will be interviewing short-listed applicants in London.
Cl-sk for dvefCl-ils.

IS if free?
Cl-sk whef1
Writing Guide
ew Message
r
Anach
')end
To:
From:
==
Subject:
Address
fonts
CoIors
Save As Draft
INFO@CAMP.UK.CO.UK
JOANNA MURDOCH
APPLICATION FOR A JOB AT CAMP UK (2)
Dear Sir or Madam, (1)

I am writing to apply for the post of Sports and Activities Organiser, (7) as advertised in
Jobs Abroad magazine. (3) (4)
I would very much welcome the opportunity to spend the summer working at Camp UK
in Scotland as (6) I enjoy working with teenagers, (7) and would also like to get to know
more about life and customs in the UK. Moreover, (6) I am a keen sportsperson and
enjoy horse-riding, tennis and volleyball. (4)
I have a good command of English, (7) having studied it at school for eight years, and I
have also (6) spent a month at a summer school in Ireland. (4)
I would be grateful if you could tell me what type of accommodation (7) you provide and what
it costs. Could you also (6) let me know when you will be holding the interviews? (4) (7)
I look forward to hearing from you. (5)
Yours faithfully (1)
Joanna Murdoch
If you begin the letter or email with Dear

Sir or Madam, finish with Yours faithfully.
If you begin with Dear (Mr Smith), finish
with Yours sincerely.
If you are asked to write an email, you will
be given a printed email heading so you do

not need to make one up.
paragraphs, each with its own topic.

If you expect a reply to your letter write 'I
look forward to hearing from you.' after the

final paragraph.
Giving a reason for writing

I am writing to apply for .
-I am writing to enquire about .
I am writing to complain about .
I am writing in response to .
Start by saying why you are writing.
4 Divide the letter into three or four short
Phrase Bank
Use linking words to join ideas and

sentences.
Applying for a job

I have considerable experience of
I consider myself to be ...
I would welcome the opportunity to .
Requesting information
I'd be grateful if you could tell me
Could you please let me know ... ?
7 Refer to the input information but do not

copy out large parts of it.
Use a style appropriate to the situation, and

maintain the same style throughout the
letter or email.
G Writing Guide
Complaining
I wish to complain in the strongest possible terms about.
I am not satisfied with .
Part 2 A letter
You have received a letter from a friend in an English-speaking country,
telling you what they did in the summer holidays. Write a letter back
telling them what you did in the holidays. Write 120-180 words.
Invent a name fo r the person

you are writing to.
Mention the correspondence

that you have received. Thank
the person for it or react to it in
some way.
Dear Sally (1)
Use informal language,

contractions, some short
sentences, phrasal verbs and
(one or two) exclamation
marks.
Thanks for your letter. (2) It sounds like you had a great
summer. I really enjoyed the holidays too, but they
weren't long enough! (3) (4)
As soon as school broke up I went off to Spain with my
parents. We stayed in a lovely little village on the north
coast and spent loads of time on the beach or walking in
the mountains. (4)
When I came back (3) I spent three weeks working in a
cafe. At first I was in the kitchen, washing up - I hated
that. But after a while the boss let me take orders and
serve customers. That was much more fun, and I got
some good tips too. In the final week of the holiday I
went and stayed with my cousins. We just lazed around
and spent most of the time watching DVDs. Then it was
back to school. (4)
Divide the letter into three or

four short paragraphs, each
with its own topic.
5 Finish the letter with an

informal phrase such as
Love, Lots of love, Take care
or All the best.
Anyway I'd (3) better stop here as I've got quite a lot of
homework to get through before tomorrow. (4)
How's school going? Write again soon with more news.
Love (5)
Laura
Phrase Bank
Starting the lett er
Thanks very much for your letter. It was good to hear from you.
How have you been?
How are things with you and your family?
~--~~----------------~
I'm sorry I haven't written for ages. I've been.
Finishing the letter

Anyway, that's all for now.
IrI'd better stop here. I've got to
Give my love/regards to .
Write again soon.
! I look forward to seeing you again soon.
----------------~
Writing Guide
Part 2 A review
You recently saw this notice in a magazine.
BOOK REVIEWS
Have you read any books recently? If so, please write and tell
us about one of them. Say what you liked or didn 't like about
the story and the characters.
Write a review of 120-180 words.
recently read The Phantom of the Opera, a

novel written in 1910 by Gaston Leroux. It
has been adapted a number of times for
the cinema and also made into an immensely
successful musical. (1) (4)
It's set in Paris and is the story of Erik (the

'phantom'), a menacing figure who lives hidden
away in the basement of the opera house.
He is in love with Christine, an opera singer,
but she in turn loves a young aristocrat called
Raoul. (3) The plot is very intricate with lots of
twists and turns, which keep the reader turning
the pages. (2) (4)
My main criticism of the book is the
characterisation. (2) The characters are
unmemorable and rather shallow. It is often
difficult to understand why they do certain
things, for example, (6) when Christine chooses
to have a conversation with Raoul on the roof
of the opera house. (4)
To sum up, I enjoyed this 'gothic' horror
story despite the weaknesses in the
characterisation. However, I'd only recommend
it to people who really enjoy horror or ghost
stories. (4) (5)
In the first paragraph say what you are reviewing

and give re levant key information (such as the
author of a book or the director of a film).
You can give both positive and negative opinions.
Say briefly what happens in the book, play, film, etc.
Put each to pic in a separate paragraph.
5 Summarise your opinion in the final paragraph and

give a recom mendation (either positive or negative)
If you can, give examples from the story to support
your opinio ns, but make sure you keep within the
word limit.
Phrase Bank
Giving background information
I recently read /saw ...
One of my fay ourite films/books is . .
Describing a story
Its set in .
It tells the sto ry of ...
.-
There's a twis t at the end.

The main cha racter is .
Giving a rec ommendation

I can thoroug hly recommend this book/film.
Go and see th is film Ire ad this book. You won't be
disappointed
I certainly wo uldn't recommend this film/play.
Don't bother reading .. ./going to see .. . . It isn't worth it.
G Writing Guide
Part 2 An article
You have seen this announcement in a magazine.
We are offering a prize for the

best article with the title:
A town that I really like.
Write an article of 120-180 words.
1 Involve the reader. You can address

them directly, especially with
questions.
A town that I really like

Have you ever visited the south west of England?
(1) I was brought up there, in a town called
Kingsbury, and in my opinion you couldn't choose
a better place to live or just to visit. (3)
Kingsbury is only a couple miles from the coast,
where you can find lots of fantastic beaches. The
surrounding countryside is very beautiful and there
are some wild, woodland areas nearby, ideal for
walking and other outdoor activities. (3)
The town itself is very pretty, with narrow winding
streets and lots of interesting old buildings. There
are quite a few good cafes and restaurants and
the shops are excellent. Every weekend there's
a farmers' market where you can buy fresh local
meat and vegetables. (3)
Finally, the pace of life is slower than in the city.
People are friendly and aren't always in a hurry.
They have more time to stop and chat with you. (3)
Use an informal, lively style. Avoid

using a lot of formal language.
Divide the information into clearly

organised paragraphs.
Finish by summarising what you

have said, and giving your opinion,
if appropriate.
Phrase Bank
r--
Involving the reader

Have you ever ... ?
------What would you do/think if ... ?
Can you imagine ... ?
-----You might think that . . , but.
Giving opinions
In my opinion/view, .
--------1
I think/believe that . .
---------
So, whatever you're looking for in a small town attractive buildings, great shops, nice places to eat
and drink, good leisure facilities - Kingsbury has
them all. (3) (4)
As far as I'm concerned,

To my mmd, .. .
-------l
IPersonally, I_fi_n=d_/-t_h-l_-n_k~_ _ _ _ _
--l
Writing Guide
Part 2 A report
The college where you study wants to raise some money to buy
new books and DVDs for the library. The principal has asked you
to write a report recommending the best way to raise the money.
Start with an introduction setting out

the aim of the report.
Organise the information into sections.

Use headings if appropriate.
You can use numbered or bullet points.
Use fairly formal language.
Write a report of 120-180 words.
The purpose of this report is to consider different

ways of raising money to pay for new books and
DVDs for the school library, and to recommend the
best course of action. (1)
Prize draw
(2)
One idea is (5) to sell numbered tickets and offer

prizes. Students and teachers could be asked (5)
to bring in unwanted items that would be suitable
as prizes, and the school could also approach (5)
local shops and restaurants who might be willing to
contribute prizes .
Sponsored run
(2)
Another possibility would be (5) to organise a

sponsored run around the local park. Students
could ask their friends and family to give a certain
amount for every mile they complete.
My recommendation
(2)
I recommend that we organise a sponsored run.

Although the advantage of offering prizes is that it
would be easier to organise, the plan might come to
nothing (5) if we are unable to find enough suitable
prizes or sell enough tickets. A sponsored run, on
the other hand, is likely to raise more money and
would have the added benefit of involving more of
the students and staff. (6)
G Writing Guide
5 Express opinions impersonally.
Finish with a conclusion giving your

recommendation.
Phrase Bank
Stating the aim
=l
IThe aim/purpose of this report is to ...
Discussing pros and cons - ne advantag~van-ta-g-e-o-f-. -.. -is- ... -
There are strong arguments in favour of!

against ...
Giving a recommendation
I recommend that.
It would be advisable to ...
It would be a good idea tolif .
r---
Part 2 An essay
1
Refer to the question in the first

paragraph. Make a general statement
about the question or briefly introduce
arguments for and against.
Use linking words to connect ideas

and sentences.
Present both sides of the argument,

where appropriate giving examples that
support the different points of view.
popular leisure activity for the majority of children. (1)
Put the two sides of the argument in

separate paragraphs.
There is no doubt that children need time to relax after

school, and most children's programmes are certainly
5 Express your own opinion in the fi nal
Your teacher has asked you to write an essay on the following

statement: 'Children spend too much time watching television.'
Write an essay of 120-180 words.
owadays many homes have more than one

television, and some children even have a TV
in their bedrooms. It is not surprising, then ,
that statistics show that watching television is the most
very entertaining. Furthermore, (2) some television

programmes, especially documentaries and news
programmes, are educational and informative, and can
paragraph.
Phrase Bank
contribute to a child's education. (3) (4)
Expressing your opinions

Having said that, (2) many children's programmes are
of poor quality, and children learn nothing from them.
What is more, (2) watching television is a very passive
activity requiring no physical effort. In my view, it would
be better if children spent more time on more creative
In my view/opinion, .
I firmly believe that ..
It seems to me that ..
and imaginative activities, and on sport. (3) (4)
Expressing other people's views
To sum up, (2) I believe that parents should limit the

amount of time that children spend in front of the
Some people think/claim/believe that ...

It is sometimes said that .
It could be argued that ..
television to one or two hours a day. Otherwise, we

run the risk of creating generations of unhealthy and
ill-educated young adults. (5)
Making additional points

Furthermore, .
In addition, ...
What is more, .
Expressing a contrast
While that may be true, .
On the other hand, .
However, ..
Having said that, .. .
Summing up
To sum up, .
In conclusion, .
On balance, I feel that .
Writing Guide
Part 2 A story
Write a story beginning with these words:
Simon woke up suddenly. What was that noise he had just heard?
Write 120-180 words.
imon woke up (5) suddenly. What was that noise he had just
heard (5)7 He listened carefully (3) . After a while , (2) he heard
the noise again . It sounded like there was someone downstairs

in the kitchen! (1) (6)
He wasn't sure what to do, so first , (2) he looked around for some
sort of weapon , and found his tennis racket. Then (2) he went
quietly (3) out onto the landing and looked down the stairs. He
couldn't see anything, so he crept slowly (3) down the stairs,
stopping (5) every so often to listen again . Suddenly, there was
a crashing (3) sound. 'What on earth was that?' (4) he thought
worriedly. (1) (6)
He started to run down the stairs. Meanwhile, (2) the crashing started
again. He threw open the kitchen door and shouted, 'Stop!'. (4) Nobody
was there. But there was that terrible (3) noise again! (6) Eventually, (2)
he opened a cupboard and out jumped the cat! It had got shut inside,
and had been knocking over (5) packets and tins of food trying to get
out. 'Silly cat! ' (4) said Simon, feeling very relieved . (1)
1 Give your story a clear beginning, middle and end.
Use sequencing words to order the events.
Use adjectives and adverbs to make your writing

more lively and interesting.
4 Try to use some direct and/ or indirect speech.
Phrase Bank
Ordering events
As soon as.
While .. .
By the time ...
--~
I
I
-
First, .
Use a variety of narrative tenses.
Next, .
Creating atmosphere and suspense will make your

story more enjoyable.
Then, .
After a while, .
Meanwhile, .
Suddenly, ...
Eventually .
G Writing Guide

ce
Articles
We use the indefinite article a/ an
1 when we say what something is or what it is like:
What 's that? It's a radio.
My sister drives an expensive German car.
2 when we say what somebody's job is:
Tom Cruise is a film actor.
3 when we describe somebody's features:
He's got a long face and a small moustache.
11
with some nouns following a preposition:

be in bed/ hospital/prison
go to work/ school
12
with meals:
have breakfast/ lunch/ dinner
Simple and
continuous tenses
.. ...,!'Io . .
ie
We use the
4 when it's clear what we are talking about. This can
be because we've already mentioned it:
I've got a cat and a dog. The dog is called Rover.
or because there is only one:
You shouldn't look directly at the sun.
or because it's clear from the situation:
Could you pass me the dictionary? (The one that 's
on the table over there.)
5 with most nationality words:
The English have a reputation for being bad cooks.
6 with the names of rivers, mountain ranges, deserts
and seas:
the Nile, the Himalayas, the Sahara, the Mediterranean
7 with a few countries and most groups of islands:
the United States the Netherlands the Czech Republic
the Canaries the Seychelles the Maldives
8 in various set phrases, for example:
go to the cinema listen to the radio
play the piano/ the guitar, etc.
in the morning/ the afternoon/ the evening
We don't use an article
9 when we are making generalisations:
Cats chase mice.
We generally use continuous tenses to describe

temporary situations:
It's snowing.
I've been getting a lot of headaches recently.
We generally use simple tenses to state facts:
It snows a lot in Finland.
I've never had toothache.
2 We generally use simple tenses for very short
actions or events:
The bomb exploded.
We generally use continuous tenses for things
happening over a longer time:
We noticed that the boat was sinking.
3 We often use continuous tenses to talk about
duration (how long):
She has been directing films since the age of twenty.
We never use continuous tenses to say how many times
something happens, will happen, has happened, etc:
By the end of this year, she will have made twelve films.
4 Continuous tenses are normally used for actions or
events, rather than states:
Please be quiet, I'm reading. (action)
We normally use simple tenses for states:
These books belong to the library. (state)
10 with most countries, continents, towns and cities,

lakes and mountains:
Mount Everest is in Asia, on the border between
Nepal and Tibet.
Grammar Reference
Present tenses
n-contin ous verbs

Some verbs are not used in continuous tenses. These include:
1 mental states
believe
doubt
hate
know
like
love
realise
recognise
regret
remember
prefer
suppose
understand
want
2
communication
agree
disagree
other verbs
matter
Some verbs are non-continuous with some meanings

but not with others. For example, think is not used in
continuous tenses when it means ' have an opinion':
BUT I'm thinking about my last holiday.
I feel I should tell her

the truth.
(believe)
My cousin has a Porsche.
(possess)
Does this fish taste funny?
(have a flavour)
I don't see the point of this .
(understand)
Do you consider yourself
an adult?
(believe)
I imagine we'll eat out.
(think)
The shop appears to be
closed.
(seem)
Grammar Reference
We use the present simple

1 to talk about a habitual or repeated action or event:
My grandfather runs 3km every morning.
3 for actions and events in a story, especially when

describing the plot of a book, film , etc:
Scout goes to school for the first time that autumn
and has a terrible day.
4
with verbs not used in continuous tenses (see noncontinuous verbs in previous column).
5 to refer to a future action or event that is part of a

timetable:
The next train to Manchester leaves in ten minutes.
I think reality TV shows are boring.
Non-continuous
2 to state a general fact:

Koala bears sleep more than 20 hours a day.
mean
belong
contain cost
depend
fit
need
owe
own
possess
seem
The resent s
Continuous
resent continuous
I'm feeling unwell.
We use the present continuous

Where are we having lunch?
1 to talk about an action or event that is in progress

now:
Put the umbrella up, it's raining.
He burnt his mouth while

he was tasting the soup.
2 to talk about an action or event which is repeated,

but only around this time:
We're seeing the doctor

at 100.
I'm drinking too much coffee these days.
The council is considering

closing the leisure centre.
3 to talk about a temporary situation:

My brother's working in China. (He normally works
in France.)
He was imagining what it

would be like to be rich.
Kevin Spacey is appearing
on stage in London next
week.
to talk about changes in a situation:

Air travel is getting cheaper.
(with always) to complain about annoying

behaviour:
That dog is always jumping on the sofa.
to refer to a future action or event that has been

arranged:
Which country is hosting the next Olympics?
Talking about the

future
oing to
We use will
1 to make impersonal, factual statements about the
future:
Work on the new stadium will begin next year.
2 to make predictions based on your own beliefs:
I'm sure you'll enjoy the play.
NB We often use will after phrases like:
I think, I don't think, I imagine, I reckon, I'm certain
3 when you make an instant decision about what to
do next:
That soup smells delicious. I'll try some.
4 to talk about future events that are dependent on
other events:
If we leave now, we'll be home before nightfall.
5 to make offers and promises:
Don't worry, I won't tell anyone your secret.
6 to add a question tag to an imperative or make a
tag reply:
Don't tell anyone, will you?
'Don't forget your passport.' 'I won't. '
We use going to
1 to talk about things you have decided to do:
I'm going to apply for a better job.
NB We usually avoid using going to with the verb
go; we can use the present continuous instead.
I'm going to the theatre tomorrow.
resent c ntinuo
We use the present continuous with a future meaning
to talk about arrangements that we have made for the
future, usually with other people:
I can't go out tomorrow night. I'm having dinner
with my grandparents.
future continuous
We use the future continuous
to talk about an action that will be in progress at a
specific point in the future:
At midday tomorrow, I'll be taking my exams.
2 to talk about planned events. Used like this, it is
similar to the present continuous for arrangements:
Next year, I'll be spending most of the summer abroad.
3 to ask polite and less direct questions about
somebody's plans:
Will you be staying at the hotel for two nights or three?
et
sim le
We use the future perfect simple to talk about a

completed action or event in the future:
By the time they get home, they'll have travelled
more than 10,000 km.
future erfect continuous

We normally use the future perfect continuous to say
how long an action or event will have been in progress
at a specific point in the future:
By the time he takes part in the Olympics, he'll have
been training for four years.
2 to make predictions based on what is happening now.

It looks like this match is going to be a draw.
Th
sent sim
We use the present simple with a future meaning

1 to talk about things that are due to happen as part
of a schedule:
The next train to Manchester leaves in half an hour.
2 after certain words and phrases, for example:
when, as soon as, by the time, the moment,
provided, assuming, if:
I'll give Jason his present as soon as he arrives.
Grammar Reference
Talking about the

past
We use the past simple
1 to talk about actions or events that happened at a
particular time in the past:
'I left work at 10.30.' Jackson replied. 'I took a taxi home.'
2 to describe a series of actions or events in the past:
Jackson put on his coat, switched off the light,
opened the door and walked out onto the street.
~t
continuous
We use the past continuous

to describe a scene in the past:
It was 2 a.m. but the city wasn't sleeping. Music was
coming from countless upstairs windows.
2 to talk about actions or events that were in
progress around a particular time in the past:
'What were you doing at 11 o'clock yesterday
evening?' asked the policeman.
3 We often use the past simple and the past
continuous together to describe how one event
interrupted another, longer event:
While Jackson was looking for the right address,
a police car came around the corner.
erfect simple
3 to talk about recent past events that have a result

in the present:
You've broken my laptop. Now I can't check my emails.
4 to talk about experiences at an unstated time in
the past:
Have you ever been to Rome? I've never tried rockclimbing.
resent erfect continuous

We use the present perfect continuous
1 to talk about recent actions or events that are not
necessarily complete:
You've been spending too much money recently.
(And you might continue to spend too much.)
NB When the action is complete, we use the present
perfect simple. Compare: I've been writing a novel.
I'm on chapter 4./I've written a novel. It was
published last year.
2 to say how long an action or event has been in
progress:
I've been learning the guitar for six years.
3 to explain a current situation in terms of recent
events:
My trousers are muddy because I've been planting
trees in the garden.
ast erfect sim le

We use the past perfect simple to talk about an event
that happened before another event in the past:
I wanted some pasta, but my brother had eaten it all.
We use the present perfect simple

1 to talk about recent events, particularly when
giving news:
Have you heard? Tom and Nancy have just got married!
NB We often use the present perfect simple for
events within a period of time that continues up
to the present moment. Words which often go with
the present perfect simple include: ever, never, just,
already, yet, and so far.
2 to talk about an event that began in the past and
continues up to the present, particularly with noncontinuous verbs:
I've had this skateboard since I was six years old.
NB With verbs which can be used in continuous
tenses, we normally use the present perfect
continuous, not simple, to say how long an action
has been in progress: 'I've been waiting for hours!'
Grammar Reference
east erfect continu

The two most common uses of the past perfect
continuous are
1 for saying how long an action had been in progress
up to a certain point in the past:
By the age of 18, my grandfather had been working
in a factory for six years.
2 to explain a past situation in terms of previous events:
Terry was upset because his sister had been making
fun of him.
A few verbs can take an infinitive or -ing form but the

meaning is different:
dto
We use used to
1 to describe habits in the past:
I used to go skating every weekend.
2 to describe a situation in the past that is different now:
There didn't use to be any shops in this part of town.
(But there are now.)
1 a) If you try doing something, you do it in order to

see what happens.
He tried ringing the bell, but there was no answer.
b) If you try to do something, you attempt it but do
not necessarily achieve it.
He tried to reach the next branch, but it was too high.
2 a) If you stop doing something, you do not do it
any longer.
They stopped talking when I walked into the room.
We sometimes use would to describe habits in the

past, especially in literary texts.
Every evening, the princess would gaze out of the

window longingly.
NB We can't use would to talk about situations in
the past:
When I was younger I would be afraid of the dark .
(. .. I used to be afraid .. .)
+ -in or infinitive
When we put two verbs together, the second verb is
usually in the infinitive or -ing form. Which pattern
we use depends on the first verb.
verb + -ing form
Verb + infinitive
or -ing form
(same meaning)
agree
dare
decide
expect
fail
happen
hope
manage
mean
offer
prepare
pretend
promise
refuse
seem
want
avoid
can't face
can't help
can't stand
don't mind
enjoy
fancy
feel like
finish
give up
imagine
keep
postpone
practise
put off
recommend
risk
spend time
suggest
3 a) If you remember doing something, you have an

image of doing it in your mind.
I remember going to the circus when I was a child.
b) If you remember to do something, you do something
which is on your mental list of things to do.
Did you remember to feed the fish?
4 a) If you go on doing something, you continue
doing it.
He went on talking for hours.
Verb patterns
verb + infinitive
b) If you stop to do something, you come to a halt

in order to do something.
She stopped to admire the flowers.
begin
continue
hate
like
love
prefer
start
b) If you go on to do something, you move from

one action to another.
The chairman welcomed the audience, then he
went on to introduce the guest speakers.
see (watch, hear, feel, etc.)

somebod d /t....
",.'n"Wrr
1 We can use see (watch, hear, feel, etc.) + object

+ -ing form to talk about an action that is progress.
She saw two men crossing the river. (They were in
the water when she saw them.)
2 We can use see (watch, hear, feel, etc.) + object
+ infinitive without to to talk about an action that
is complete.
She saw two men cross the river. (She watched them
cross from one side to the other.)
Grammar Reference
Reported speech
"T ....., _ ...,.....
chan
When we report questions, we use affirmative word

order and verb forms after the question word:
1 When we report somebody's words rather than

quoting them directly, we usually change the tense
of any verbs:
'It's late: he said.
He said that it was late.
He asked if/ whether it was raining.
The normal pattern of tense changes in reported speech is:
past simple
past continuous
past perfect simple
present perfect simple
past perfect simple
present perfect continuous

past continuous
past perfect continuous

past perfect continuous
will
would
shall
should
may/might
might
must
musUhad to
can
could
He asked his girlfriend which shirt to wear.
'How do I get to the beach?' she asked me.

She asked me how to get to the beach.
. itives in re orted s eech

1 We use the structure: reporting verb + object
+ infinitive to report imperatives. Some common
reporting verbs for this structure are tell, order,
instruct, warn, ask and beg:
-i
2 There are often changes in words which refer to the

people, time or place. These are dictated more by
logic than by any rules:
'I'm bringing my brother here tomorrow: she said.
She said that she was taking her brother there the
next day.
and tell
1 The object of the verb say is always what was said.
It is often a clause:
She said she would like to go to university.
If we want to mention the person who is addressed,

we must use the preposition to :
Would you like to say hello to my cousin?
'You're lucky: she said to her friend.
2 The object of the verb tell is usually the person
who is addressed . We do not use the preposition to:
Have you told your parents?

They told me the shop was closed.
We also use tell in set phrases like tell a lie, tell the
truth, tell a story, etc.
G Grammar Reference
3 We can sometimes use an infinitive in a reported

question, especially when it's a question about our
own actions:
'Which shirt shall I wear?' he asked his girlfriend.
Reported speech
present simple
present continuous
past simple
2 To report a yes/ no question (one that has no

question word) we use whether or if:
'Is it raining?' he asked.
NB We often omit the word that from the

beginning of the reported speech clause:
He said it was late.
Direct speech
'Where do you live?' she asked him.

She asked him where he lived.
'Don't be late: the teacher told him.

The teacher told him not to be late.
'Please help me: he said to his friend.
He asked his friend to help him.
NB We cannot use this structure with the reporting
verb say:
We st1:itl to him to be careful. (We told him .. .)
We can use the same structure for reporting advice:
'I think you should go to bed,' Mary said to her son.
Mary advised her son to go to bed.
2 We can use the structure: reporting verb +
infinitive with agree, promise and offer. (Note that
we cannot include an object.)
'I'll remember you forever, ' he said to her.

He promised to remember her forever.
3 See above for infinitives in reported questions.
Modals
ibition
We use should (shouldn't) and ought to (ought not to)
1 for giving advice:
I think you should stay at home this evening.

2 for giving opinions about what the right thing to do is:
We
1 We use can for talking about ability in the present:

Can you see that man on the roof?
Speak up, I can't hear you.
2 Can sometimes refers to a future event, but only

when the decision is being made in the present:
'Can you come to dinner next week?' 'No, but] can
make the week after.'
all ought to use less electricity.
However, we normally use will be able to when we

talk about ability in the future:
When she's 17, she'll be able to take her driving test.
NB In the negative, it is more natural to say 'I don't

think you should ...' than '] think you shouldn't
We use must
1 for giving strong advice to ourselves:
I must try to get to bed early tonight.

2
for making strong recommendations to others,

based on our own opinions:
You must try this cake, it's wonderful.
3 for stating rules, especially in written and formal

English:
Cyclists must wear helmets.
We use have to to talk about obligation:
We have to sit exams every year. (They're

compulsory.)
NB We use] have to ... for things that we are
obliged to do; we use I must... for things that we
strongly feel we should do. Compare: ] must start
cycling to work. It would be good exercise./] have to
start cycling to work. They've cancelled the only bus.
We use don't/ doesn't have to for things that we do not
need to do. It expresses a lack of obligation; it does not
express prohibition:
You don't have to leave now. You can stay as long as

you like.
We use mustn't for prohibition:
You mustn't touch the walls. The paint isn't dry.

NB Except for the specific uses mentioned here,
must and mustn't can often sound unnatural; we
are more likely to use other verbs and phrases for
talking about obligation (have to) and prohibition
(against the rules, forbidden, not allowed, etc.)
We use could/ couldn't to talk about general ability

in the past:
My grandfather could speak three languages fluently.
However, we do not use could (affirmative form)
to talk about something we were able to do on one
occasion. We use an alternative expression like
managed to do or succeed in doing:
lt was a difficult question, but I managed to answer it.
4 We often use can and could with verbs of

perception like see, taste and hear. (We can use
could even when it's one occasion.)
Pressing my ear to the door, I could hear what they
were saying.
ion and
1 We often use can/ can't when we ask for, give or
refuse permission:
Can I borrow your pen? Yes, of course.
You can sit anywhere you like.
Could I ...? and May I ... ? are slightly politer ways

of requesting permission :
Could/ May I sit next to you?
Yes, you may.
NB We don't normally use 'Yes, you could' or 'No,
you couldn't' as replies to a request for permission,
even if the request uses could.
An even politer form is Would you mind if I ...
(+ past simple)?
Would you mind if I opened a window?
2 We often use Can you .. .? to ask somebody to do
something:
Can you explain that again, please?
Could you ... ? , Would you ... ? and Would you mind
(+ -ing) are all slightly politer ways of asking
somebody to do something:
Would you mind opening the window?
Grammar Reference
.,,_ . . . ,.... lat"

1 We use must for talking about things which we can
deduce are definitely true:
He must be tired. He's just run 10 km.
2 We use mayor might for speculating about things
that are possibly true. (Some people use might
when there is less possibility.) We can also use
could to talk about possibility. However, we cannot
use the negative (couldn't) in this sense:
Geoff isn't answering his phone at work. He might
not be at his desk . He could be in a meeting, or he
may be having lunch.
3 We use can't for talking about things which we can
deduce are impossible:
This can't be Suzie's jacket. It's much too small.
4 When we are making logical deductions about
something in the past, we use must have and can't
have + past participle:
I put odd socks on this morning. I must have been
half asleep.
Your parents can't have been very happy when you
told them you were dropping out of university.
5 When we are speculating about something in the
past, we use may have, might have, or could have
+ past participle:
Police think the robbers may have used a white van
as their escape vehicle.
We cannot use may have for things which we now
know didn't happen. We use might have or could
have:
That was a dangerous thing to do. You might have
been injured.
Passives
e
We use the passive
1 when we don't know who or what is responsible for
the action:
My bike was stolen last week.
2 for stylistic reasons, especially to allow the main
focus of the sentence to be the subject of the verb:
The saxophone is quite a modern instrument. It was
invented around 1840 by Adolphe Sax and has since
become an essential part of jazz and popular music.
Grammar Reference
en se
The tense of a passive construction is determined by
the tense of the verb be:
Most children's toys are made in China (present

simple)
This shirt was bought in Italy. (past simple)
By August, the roof had been repaired but the
windows were still being replaced. (past perfect,
past continuous)
The film will be shown at cinemas next month.
(future simple)
,........,.... ~ with two ob"eets

1 With verbs that often have two objects (give, offer,
owe, award, tell, send, teach , etc.) either object can
become the subject of a passive sentence:
Jack was given the prize for best costume.
The prize for best costume was given to Jack .
NB It is more common for the indirect object
(usually a person) to be the subject of the passive
sentence.
2 If we include an agent, we usually put it at the end
of the sentence:
She was offered a new job in the company by her boss.
Passive with know, believe, think,

1 Verbs like know, believe and think are often used
in passive constructions, especially in formal
language, and are followed by an infinitive:
At that time, the world was thought to be flat.
2 If the sentence refers to a current belief about a past
event, we use the present simple passive followed by
a perfect infinitive (to have done something):
Beethoven is now known to have suffered from lead
poisoning. (But that wasn't known at the time.)
3 We can also use an impersonal construction with it
+ passive:
At that time, it was thought that the world was flat.
It is now known that Beethoven suffered from lead
poisoning.
ssive infin
1 We can use passive infinitives - (to) be done,

(to) have been done - in a similar way to other
infinitives, for example, as part of a verb pattern or
after most modal verbs:
This watch can be worn underwater.
Mobile phones must not be used on flights.
Some passengers pretended to have been injured in
order to claim insurance.
2
Relative clauses
iv
ronouns
1 Relative clauses usually begin with a relative

pronoun (who, which, that, whose) or a relative
adverb (when, where).
2
We can use passive -ing forms - being done,

having been done - in a similar way to other -ing
forms:
The relative pronoun whom can be used instead of

who when it is the object of the verb in the relative
clause. However, for many speakers of English,
whom sounds very formal and who is preferred:
The former headmaster, whom many parents
disliked, resigned last year.
Many celebrities do not enjoy being photographed.

She denied having been given the documents.
Having been identified by witnesses, the suspect was
arrested and charged.
We also use whom immediately after a preposition;

we cannot use who in this context unless we move
the preposition to the end of the clause:
She married the man with whom she'd shared an office.
She married the man (who) she'd shared an office with.
3
so and such
Defining relative clauses can also begin with what,

meaning 'the thing which'.
I did exactly what you asked.
1 We use so and such for emphasis. They make the

meaning of an adjective, adverb or noun stronger.
2
We use so before an adjective (without a noun) or

an adverb:
I'm so hungry!
Why are you talking so quickly?
be in the middle or at the end of a sentence and is

not normally separated by commas:
We use such before a noun or before an adjective

+ noun. Note that the indefinite article (a/ an), if
needed, comes after the word such:
That's such a lie!
Why are dogs such faithfuL pets?
You're such a good swimmer.
1 A defining relative clause comes after a noun and

gives necessary information about that noun. It can
Did you get the job that you applied for?

The factory where my dad works is closing down.
2
relative clauses, especially in spoken English. We

can also use that instead of who or whom:
We often use so with quantifiers like much, many,

few and little. However, we say such a lot (of .. .):
I've never seen so many insects!
There's so much to do and so little time.
We've got such a lot of homework.
5 We often use so and such followed by a relative

clause to express a result:
The exam was so difficult that only three students passed.
(OR It was such a difficult exam that only three
students passed.)
She spoke so quietly that nobody heard.
It is more common to use that than which in defining
I'd love to meet the person that wrote this song.

3
We can sometimes omit the relative pronoun in

a defining relative clause, but only when it is the
object of the verb in the clause:
Where's the pen (that) I bought this morning? (We
can omit that.)
BUT I'm looking for a shop that sells skateboards.
(We cannot omit that.)
We often omit the relative adverb when:

I still remember the moment (when) I first saw Juliet.
Grammar Reference
-definin relati e clauses

A non-defining relative clause comes after a noun
and gives extra information about that noun. A
non-defining relative clause can be removed from a
sentence without making the sentence meaningless.
It can be in the middle or at the end of a sentence
and is separated by commas:
We spent a few days in Windhoek, which is the
capital of Namibia.
Our neighbour, who used to be an actor, has started
a drama society.
Comparatives and
superlatives
1 In the context of forming comparatives and
superlatives, short adjectives are

most adjectives with one syllable, but not past
participles like bored or scared.
two-syllable adjectives which end in -y, - le, -er
or -ow (e.g. ugly, little, clever, shallow)
2 A non-defining relative clause cannot start with
that.
3 The relative pronoun or adverb at the start of a
non-defining relative clause cannot be omitted .

4
Non-defining relative clauses can begin with

expressions like all of whom, many of whom, some
of whom, most of which, etc:
The company employs more than 3,000 staff, many
of whom are women.
5 Sometimes, the relative pronoun which can be used

at the start of a non-defining relative clause to refer
back to all the information in the first part of the
sentence, rather than just the noun before it:
I managed to visit six different countries, which was
amazing.
Reduced relative clauses

1 A reduced relative clause replaces a defining
relative clause. We use an -ing form or a past
participle to replace the relative pronoun and verb.
2 We use an -ing form to replace an active verb of
any tense; we use a past participle to replace a
passive verb of any tense:
She wears a necklace originally belonging to her
grandmother. (= which originally belonged to .. .)
The president visited several towns damaged by the
flood. (= which were damaged)
3 We can't use a reduced relative clause in place of
a defining relative clause if the relative pronoun is
the object of the verb in the original clause:
She wears a necklace that she made herself (cannot
be reduced)
G Grammar Reference
We add -er to short adjectives to make the comparative

form, and -est to make the superlative form:
long - longer - longest
If the adjective ends in -e, we add -r or -st:
wide - wider - widest
If the adjective ends in a single vowel and
consonant, we double the consonant and add -er,
or -est:
hot - hotter - hottest

If the adjective ends in -y, we change the -y into ier, or -iest:
friendly - friendlier - friendliest

3 Some adjectives have irregular comparative and
superlative forms:
good - better -best
bad - worse - worst
far - further - furthest
We can use elder and eldest instead of older and
oldest, but only when we talk about people (and
usually in relation to brothers and sisters).
ad ecti
We use more and most for most long adjectives
(adjectives with more than one syllable) :
exciting - more exciting - most exciting
as ... as
We add more and most to adverbs to form the
comparative and superlative. (Even though we add
-er and -est to two-syllable adjectives ending in -ly,
we use more and most for two-syllable adverbs.)
clearly more clearly most clearly
2 Some irregular adverbs have comparative and
superlative forms ending -er and -est, as do
adverbs which share the same form as a short
adjective (e.g. fast , early, late, hard):
well - better - best
badly - worse - worst
fast - faster - fastest
com arisons
We can use as ... as or just as ... as to say that two

people or things are the same:
I'm as scared as you are!
Aaron sings just as beautifully as his brother.
2 We use not as .. . as to mean less ... than:
Cycling isn't as tiring as running. = Cycling is less
tiring than running.
ect and ob ect _ ..".When using a personal pronoun in the second part of
a comparison, we normally use the object pronoun.
The subject pronoun sounds very formal unless it's
followed by a verb:
You're stronger than me. (/)

She's taller than 1. (very formal/archaic)
He isn't as intelligent as I am. (/)
We use than when we make a comparison. It can be

followed by a noun or a clause:
Steve Martin is funnier than lim Carrey.

That meal was nicer than I thought it was going to be.
ther comparative and superlative
withs
A superlative is often followed by in when we define
the group:
She's the most successful student in the school.

It's the most poisonous plant in the world.
eand most less and J

1 We use more and most as comparative and
superlative forms of much/ many:
I ate more than my brother, but my dad ate the most.

There were more people at the meeting than last year.
2
We can also use more and most to mean 'to a

greater (or the greatest) extent':
Consumers are starting to complain more.
Which pattern do you like most?
Less and least have the opposite meaning to more

and most:
I'm trying to eat less.
What do you like least about your town?
We can also use less and least with adjectives

(short and long) or adverbs:
We're less poor than we used to be.
Which actor performed least well, in your opinion?
1 To intensify the meaning of a comparative, we can

use much or far (but not very):
That film was much/ far better than I expected.
We can use by far with superlatives:
This is by far the worst hotel I've ever stayed in.
2
Other common expressions that use comparative

and superlative forms include:
The more you exercise, the healthier you'll feel.
Computers are getting more and more powerful, but
less and less easy to understand.
The simplest things in life are often the most
enjoyable.
Grammar Reference
Conditionals
~"''''''''"'''al
rules
1 All conditional sentences have an if clause (a

condition) and a main clause (a result). In general
terms, the main clause says what happens as a
result of the if clause being true:
If it rains tomorrow, we'll stay at home.
(condition)
(result)
2 We can put either clause first in the sentence.
When the if clause is first, it is usually followed by
a comma. When the main clause is first, there is
usually no comma:
I'd fix your phone if I knew how.
e 0 conditionals
1 We use a type 0 conditional to talk about a result
which always follows from a particular action. We
use the present simple to talk about both the action
and its result:
If you don't water indoor plants, they die.
2 We can also use a type 0 conditional to give orders
and advice, using an imperative in the main clause:
If you want to know the answer, turn to the back of
the book.
1 conditionals
1 We use a type 1 conditional to talk about a future
action, event or situation and its result:
If you're late, I'll be very angry.
(condition)
(result)
NB This is the only type of conditional which
always refers to the future.
2 We use the present simple in the if clause and the
future simple (with will) in the main clause.
3 We only use a type 1 conditional when the
condition is possible. If it is not, we use a type 2
conditional.
e2co
onals
We use a type 2 conditional to talk about a

hypothetical action, event or situation and its
(hypothetical) result:
If I were taller, I'd be better at basketball.
Grammar Reference
2 A type 2 conditional can refer to the present or

future. When it refers to the future, it differs from
a type 1 conditional in that the condition is much
less likely to come true:
Would you share the money with me if you won the lottery?
(result)
(condition)
3 We normally use the past simple in the if clause
and would in the main clause. The past tense
expresses the fact that it is a hypothetical situation
- it does not refer to the past.
I wouldn't be so upset if you weren't my best friend.
We occasionally use the past continuous instead of
the past simple:
If they were playing better, they'd have more chance
of winning.
4 In the if clause, we often use were instead of was,
particularly with the first person, I:
If I was/ were you, I'd tell her how you feel.
ditionals
1 Like type 2 conditionals, type 3 conditionals

refer to hypothetical situations. However, type 3
conditionals are the only type which refer to the
past. They are used to speculate about how things
might have been different:
If you had revised, you wouldn't have failed your exam.
2 We use the past perfect (had/ hadn't done) in the if
clause and would/ wouldn't have in the main clause:
I wouldn't have told him if I'd known it was a secret.
NB Would and had can both appear as the short
form 'd. Would is always in the main clause, had in
the if clause.
3 We can also use the past perfect continuous in the
if clause:
If you'd been watching the road, you wouldn't have
crashed.
ixed conditionals
Mixed conditionals are usually a mixture of types
2 and 3 and refer to hypothetical situations. Mixed
conditionals occur when the time reference in the if
clause is different from the main clause:
If I had gone to bed earlier,
past (type 3)
I wouldn't be so tired today.
present (type 2)
If I were your father,
I wouldn't have let you
stay out all night.
present (type 2)
past (type 3)
If I weren't going away tomorrow,

I'd have accepted your invitation.
future (type 2)
past (type 3)
If she hadn't spent all her money,

she'd get a taxi home.
past (type 3)
future (type 2)
Causatives
have
e let and et
1 We use the structure to have something done to

talk about things which we do not do ourselves but
instead, payor ask somebody else to do:
Have you had your hair cut?
They've had their house decorated .
2 We can use to get something done in the same way.
The meaning is the same:
I'd need to get my car repaired.
3 We sometimes use to have (or get) something done
to talk about unpleasant things which happen to us
as a result of somebody else's actions:
He had his bike stolen.
Be careful. You might get your fingers burnt!
4 We use the structure to make somebody do
something to talk about things we cause or force
somebody to do:
This film really makes me laugh.
His parents made him clean his room.
S We also use make in the passive to talk about
things we are caused or forced to do. However,
we use an infinitive with to, rather than a bare
infinitive, after the passive. Compare:
They made the hostages lie on the floor.
The hostages were made to lie on the floor.
6 We use the structure to let somebody do something
to talk about things we allow somebody to do:
She never lets her husband drive.
want/need some
done
We use the structure to want/ prefer/ need something

done to talk about actions that we want or need
somebody else to do:
I need this jacket dry-cleaned by tomorrow.
Would you like your fish grilled or fried ?
Grammar Reference
Oxford> making digital sense

Student's MultiROM with the Workbook Resource Pack includes
Workbook audio and access to two online practice tests at
www.oxfordenglishtesting.com
DVD and Assessment Booklet with the Teacher's Pack includes
examiners' analysis of real st udents practising for Paper 5 Speaking
NEW: FCE Result iTools for use on an IWB includes:
extra interactive tasks for FCE skills

ready-to-use grammar presentations
video clips and photos
Exams Result St udent's website for more practice:
WWW.oup.com/elt/result

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I

o The circle of life

Part 1 Multiple choice

Talking about the

The Jim twins

Part 3 Multiple matching

Part 2 Gapped text

Part 2 Gapped text

Simple and continuous

Part 3 Multiple matching

Verbs connected with

Part 1 Multiple choice

Modal verbs. advice,

Part 3 Multiple matching

The verb get

Part 2 Gapped text

Speculating about the

Part 1 Multiple choice

fi All in the mind

Part 2 Gapped text

and become a genius

Part 1 Multiple choice

Part 3 Multiple matching

Causative verbs: have,

at the start of every unit

at the end of every unit

Part 4 Multiple choice

Part 4 Key word

Part 2 An informal letter

Part 2 Open cloze

Part 1 A formal email

Part 1 Multiple choice

Phra aI verb with

Part 2 Open cloze

Phrasal verbs with

Part 1 Multiple choice

Part 4 Multiple choice

Part 3 Word formation

Part 1 Multiple choice

Part 4 Key word

Idioms with come

Part 1 An informal email

Part 3 Multiple matching

Part 1 An informal email

Part 3 Multiple matching

Part 3 Word formation

Part 4 Key word

Part 3 Multiple matching

Part 3 Word formation

Part 4 Multiple choice

Part 2 Open cloze

Paper 1 Reading (1 hour)

Choose the best answer from four

Your understanding of a text

Decide where sentences belong

Your understanding of text

Match prompts from a list to