Unit - 3

Matrices and Determinants

Important Points

Matrix :
Any rectangular array of numbers is called matrix. A matrix of order m n having m
rows and n columns. Its element in the ith row and jth column is aij. We denote matrix
by A, B, C etc.
1 2
3 0 is a matrix of order 2 2.

1 0 2
3 2 1 is matrix of order 2 3.

a11 a12 a1n

a

21 a22 a2n

A matrix of order m n is

am1 am2 amn

Algebra of Matrices
(1) Equality : If A aij mn , B bij p q are said to be equal i.e. A = B if
(i) aij = bij i & j
(ii) order of A = order of B, i.e. m = p and n = q

Types of Matrices : Let A aij mn

(1) Row matrix : A 1 n matrix [a11 a12 a13 ..... a1n] is called a row matrix
(row vector)
a11
a
21
(2) Column matrix : A m 1 matrix a31 is called column matrix


an1

(Column vector)
124

(3) Square Matrix : An n n matrix is called a square matrix.

(4) Diagonal matrix : If in a square matrix A = [aij]n n we have aij= 0 whenever i
j then A is called a diagonal matrix.
(5) Zero (null) matrix : A matrix with all elements are zero is called zero (null)
matrix. It is denoted by [0]m x n or Om x n or O.

Algebra of Matrices
(2) Sum and Difference : If A and B are of same oder
i.e. A aij m n , B bij mn , C cij mn
then A + B = C aij + bij mn cij m n
A - B = C aij bij mn cij m n
Properties of addition
If matrices A, B, C and O are of same order, then
(i) A + B = B + A

(Commutative law)

(ii) A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C

(Associative law)

(iii) A + O = O + A

(Existence of Identity)

(iv) (-A) + A = A + (-A) = O

(Existence of Inverse)

(3) Product of Matrix with a Scalar

If A = aij m n and k R then we define product of matrix with a scalar is
kA k aij

mn

kaij

m n

Properties of Addition of Matrices and Multiplication of a Matrix by a scalar

Let A aij m n , B bij mn , k , l R
(i) k(A + B) = kA + kB
(ii) (k + l) A = kA + lA
(iii) (kl)A = k(lA)
(iv) 1A = A
(v) (-1) A = -A
(4) Matrix Multiplication :
Let A aij m n , B bij n p . Then AB = C

125

where Cij aik bkj ai1b1 j ai 2b2 j ai 3b3 j ......... ainbnj

k 1

= Scalar product of ith row of A and jth Column of B.

(i) Product AB defined if and only if number of column of A = number of
rows of B
(ii) If A is m n matrix and B is n p matrix then AB is m p matrix.

Properties of Matrix Multiplication

Let the matrices A, B, C and O have order compitable for the operations involved.
(i)

A(B + C) = AB + AC

(ii) (A + B)C = AC + BC
(iii) A(BC) = (AB) C
(iv) AO = O = OA
(v) AB BA, generally
(vi) AB = O need not imply A = O or B = O
(vii) AB = AC need not imply B = C

Types of Matrices
(6) Identity (unit) Matrix : In a diagonal matrix all elements of principal
diagonal are 1 is called Identity (unit) Matrix and is denoted by I or In or In n.
(7) Scalar Matrix : If k R, then kI called a scalar matrix.
(8) Traspose of a Matrix : If all the rows of matrix A aij m n are converted
into corresponding column, the matrix so obtained is called the transpose of
A. It is denoted by AT or A ' . AT = a ji n m
Properties of Transpose
(i) (AT)T = A
(ii) (A + B)T = AT + BT
(iii) (kA)T = kAT, k R
(iv) (AB)T = BT AT
(9) Symmetric Matrix : For a square matrix A, if A T = A, then A is called a
symmetric matrix. Here aij = aji for all i and j.
(10) Skew - Symmetric Matrix : For a square matrix A, if AT = -A, then A is called
a
Skew - symemtric matrix.
Here aij = -aji for all i and j and aii = 0 i
126

For square matrix A, A + A T is symmetric and A - AT is skew - symmetric

matrix.
(11) Triangular Matrices :
(i) Upper Triangular Matrix : A sqare matrix whose element aij = 0 for i >
j
is
called an uppear triangular matrix.
a b
a b
e.g.
, 0 d
0 c 0 0

c
e
f

(ii) Lower Triangular Matrix : A square matrix whose element aij = 0 for i
<
j
is
called a lower triangular matrix.
a 0 0
a 0
, b c 0
e.g.

b c
d e f

Let A be a square matrix of order n n.

(12) Orthogonal matrix : A is called an orthogonal matrix if and only if ATA = In
= A AT
(13) Idempotent Matrix : A is called an idempotgent matrix if A2 = A
(14) Nilpotent Matrix : A is called a nilpotent matrix if Am = 0, m Z+
(15) Involutary Matrix : A is called an involutary matrix if A2 = I, i.e. (I + A) (I A) = O
(16) Conjugate of a Matrix : If A = [aij] is a given matrix, then the matrix obtained
on replacing all its elements by their corresponding complex cojugates is
called the conjugate of the matrix A and is denoted by A aij
Properties :
(i) (A) A
(ii) (A + B) A + B
(iii) (kA) k A,
(iv) AB A B

k being a complex number

(17) Conjugate Transpose of a matrix : The conjugate of the transpose of a given

matrix A is called the conjugate transpoe (Tranjugate) of A and is denoted
by A .

127

Properties :

(i) A T

(ii) A

(iii) A + B + B
(iv) kA k A ,
(v)

k being a complex number

AB B A

Let A be a square matrix of oder n n

(18) Unitary Matrix : A is an unitary matrix if AA = In = AA.
(19) Hermitian Matrix : A is a hermitian matrix if A = A
(20) Skew - Hermitian Matrix : A is a skw-Hermitian matrix if A = -A

The determinant of a square matrix :

If all entries of a square matrix are kept in their respective places and the
determinant of this array is taken, then the detrminant so obtained is called the
determinant of the given square matrix. If A is a square matrix, then determinant of
A is denoted by | A | or det A.
Evaluation of Determinants (Expansion)
Second order determinant

a b
ad bc
c d

a1
Third order determinant a2
a3

b1
b2
b3

c1
b
c 2 a1 2
b3
c3

c2
a
b1 2
a3
c3

c2
a
c1 2
a3
c3

b2
b3

= a1 (b2c3 - b3c2) - b1 (a2c3 - a3c2) + c1(a2b3 - a3b2)

= a1b2c3 - a1b3c2 - a2b1c3 + a3b1c2 + a2b3c1 - a3b2c1
Some Symbols :
(1) Ri Ci : To convert every row (column) into corresponding column (row)
(2) Rij [cij] (i j) : Interchange of ith row (column) and jth row (column)
(3) Ri(k) [ci(k)] : multiply ith row (Column) by kR - {0}
(4) Rij(k)[cij(k)] : Multiply ith row (column) by kR (k 0) and adding to the
corresponding elements of jth row(column)

128

Properties of Determinants of Matrices

(i)

| AT | = | A |

(ii) | AB | = | A | | B |
|ABC|=|A| |B| |C|
(iii) | kA | = kn | A | (where A is n n matrix)
(iv) | I | = 1
Value of some Determinants :

(i)

x p q
2
2
2
Symmetric Determinant p y r xyz + 2pqr xp yq zr
q r z

0
x y
(ii) Skew - symmetric determinant of odd order : x 0 z
y z 0
x y z
:
y
z x x 3 y3 z3 3 xyz
(iii) Circular Determinant
z x y

Area of a Triangle :
If the vertices of a triangle are (x1, y1), (x2, y2) and (x3, y3) then,
x1

Area of a triangle = D , where D x2

x3

y1 1
y2 1
y3 1

Shifting of origin does not effect the area of a triangle.

If D = 0 all three points are collinear
Let the sides of the triangle be a1x + b1y + c1 = 0, a2x + b2y + c2 = 0, a3x + b3y + c3
=0

Area of a triangle
,
2 C1C2C3
a1
where C1, C2, C3 are respetively the cofactors of c1, c2 and c3 and a2
a3

129

b1
b2
b3

c1
c2
c3


If A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) are two distinct points of AB then the cartesian equation of

AB is
x
x1
x2

y 1
y1 1
y2 1

Propeties of Determiants : (D = value or determinante)

(i)

If a row (column) is a zero vector (i.e. all elements of a row or a column are
zero), then D = 0

(ii) If two rows (Columns) are identical, then D = 0

(iii) If any two rows (columns) are interchanged, then D becoms - D (additive
i
n
v
e
r
s
e
of D)
(iv) If any two rows (columns) are interchanged, D is unchaged | AT | = | A |

(v)

a1
ka1 kb1 kc1
a2 b 2 c 2 k a2
a3 b3 c3
a3

a1 + d1
a2
(vi)
a3

b1 + e1
b2
b3

b1
b2
b3

c1
c2
c3

c1 + f1 a1
c 2 a2
a3
c3

b1
b2
b3

c1
d1
c 2 + a2
a3
c3

e1
b2
b3

f1
c2
c3

(vii) If any rows (columns) is multiplied by k R (k 0) and added to another rows

(columns), then D is unchanged.
a1
a2
a3

b1
b2
b3

a1 + ka2
c1
a2
c2
c3
a3

b1 + kb 2
b2
b3

c1 + kc 2
c2
c3

(vii) All rows of a determinant are converted into corresponding column, D is

unchanged.
(viii) Determinants are multiplied in the same way as we multiply matrices.

|AB| A | B | | BA | = ABT | | A T B = A T BT
f1 g1
(ix) f 2 g 2
f 3 g3

h1
h 2 , where f r , g r , h r are functions of x for r , 2, 3.
h3

130

f1 ' g1 ' h1 '

f1 g1 h1
f1 g1 h1
d
f2 g 2 h 2 + f 2 ' g 2 ' h 2 ' + f2 g 2 h 2
dx f
g3 h 3
f 3 g3 h 3
f3 ' g3 ' h3 '
3

(x) Let D(x) be a 3 3 determinant whose elements are polynomials.

If D(m) has two identical rows (columns), then x - m is a factor of D(x)
If D(m) has three identical rows (columns), then (x - m)2 is a factor of D(x).

Minor and cofactor

a11
a21
a
31

a12
a22
a32

a13
a23
Let A aij
33
a33
The minor of the element aij (i, j = 1, 2, 3) in A

= Mij = The determiant obtained from A on deleting the row and the column in
which aij occurs.
The cofactor of the element aij (i, j = 1, 2, 3) in A = Aij = (-1)i + j Mij
The value of any third order determinant can be obtained by adding the products of
the elements of any of its rows (columns) by their correspdong co-factor.
If we multiply all the elements of any rows (columns) of any third order
determinant by the cofactos of the corresponding elements of another row
(column) and add the products, then the sum is zero.
or in Mathematical notation

aij kj
j

A if i = k = 1, 2, 3
0 if i k = 1, 2, 3

aij ik
i

A if j = k = 1, 2, 3
0 if j k = 1, 2, 3

Adjoint of Matrix
a11
Adjoint Matrix of A = adj A a12
a
13

a21
a22
a23

a31
a32
a33

= Tranpose of the matrix of cofactor = [Aji]3 3

If A = [aij]n n then adj A = [Aji]n n
To obtain the adjoint of 2 2 matrix, interchange the elements on the principal
diagonal and change the sign of the elements on the secondary diagonal.
Properties of Adjoint Matrix : If A is square matrix of order n,
(i)

A(adj A) = (adj A) A = | A | In

(ii) adj In = In
(iii) adj (kIn) = kn - 1 In,

k is a scalar.
131

(iv) adj AT = (adj A)T

(v) adj (kA) = kn - 1 adjA, k is a scalar.
(vi) adj(AB) = (adj B)(adj A)
(vii) adj (ABC) = (adj C)(adj B)(adj A)
If A is a non singular matrix of order n, then
(i)

| adj A | = | A |n - 1

(ii) adj (adj A) = | A |n - 2A

(iii) | adj (adj A) | = | A | (n - 1)

Adjoint of
(i)

a diagonal matrix is diagonal

(ii) a triangular matrix is triangular

(iii) a symmetric matrix is symmetric
(iv) a hermitian matrix is thermitian

Inverse of a Matrix
A square matrix A is said to be singular if | A | = 0 and non singular if | A | = 0
If A is a square matrix of order n, if there exists another square matrix of order n
such
that
A B = I n = BA
Then B(A) is called inverse of A(B).It is denoted A-1.

A 1

adj A)
|A|

If inverse of matrix A exists, then it is unique.

A square matrix A is non-singular | A |

A 1 exists.
Results :
(i)

(ii) (AB)1 1A1

1 A 1

T 1
1 T
(iii) (A ) (A )

(iv) (A k ) 1 (A 1) k , k Z

(v) A = diag [a11 a22 a33 ..... ann] and a11 a22 a33 ... ann 0 then
A-1 = diag [a11-1 a22-1 a33-1 .......... ann-1]
(vi) Inverse of a symmetric matrix is symmetric.

Elementary Transformations (operations) of a matrix

(i)

Interchange of rows (columns)

132

(ii) The multiplication of the elements of a row (column) by a non - zero scalar.
(iii) The addition (subtraction) to the elements of any row (column) of the scalar
multiples of the corresponding elements of any other row (column).

Test of Consistency
If the system of equation possesses atleast one solution set (solution set is not
empty) then the equations are said to be consistent.
If the system of equation has no solution they are said to inconsistent.
Solution of simultaneous linear equations in two (three) variables :
Trival solution :
V al ue of al l the v ari abl es i s zero i .e.

x = 0, y = 0, z = 0

Non Triavial Solution :

Value of atleast one variable is non-zero
Homogeneous linear equation :
If constant term is zero, i.e. ax + by = 0 or ax + by + cz =0
such equations is called homogenous linear eqaution.
Solutiuon of homogenoeous linear equation
Consider the eqautions
For three variables

For two variables

a11x + a12y + a13z = 0

a11x + a12y = 0

a21x + a22y + a23z = 0

a21x + a22y = 0

a31x + a32y + a33z = 0

a11
a21
a
31

a12
a22
a32

a13
a23
a33

x
y
z

a11 a12 x
a21 a22 y

AX=O
(i)

AX=O

If | A | 0 the system is consistent and has only trivial (unique) solution.

(ii) If | A | = 0 the system is consistent and has non trivial (infinite number of)
Solution.

Solution of non-homogeneous linear equation :

Let three equations

a 1x + b 1y + c 1z = d 1
a 2x + b 2y + c 2z = d 2
a 3x + b 3y + c 3z = d 3

133

Matrix inversion Method

Equations can be expressed as a matrix form AX = B.
a1
Where A a2
a
3

b1
b2
b3

c1
x
d1
c 2 , X y and B d 2
z
d
c3

3

If | A | 0 (A is non singular), A-1 exists.

The solution is X = A-1B
Cramers Rule
x

D1
D
D
, y 2, z 3
D
D
D

Where
d1
D1 d 2
d
3
(i)

b1
b2
b3

c1
a1

c2 , D 2 a2
a
c3
3

d1
d2
d3

c1
a1

c 2 , D3 a2
a
c3
3

b1
b2
b3

d1
a1

d 2 , D a2
a
d 3
3

b1
b2
b3

c1
c2
c3

If D 0 then the system has a unique solution and said to be consistent.

(ii) If D = 0 and D1 = D2 = D3 = 0 then the system has infinite number of solution

and said to be consistent.
(iii) If D = 0 and atleast one determinants D 1, D2, D3 is non-zero, then the system
has no solution (solution set is empty) and said to be inconsistent.
Above both method can be used to solve non-homogeneous linear equation in two
variables.

Characteristic Equation :
Let A = [aij]n n then A - I is called characteristic matrix of A.
Equation | A - I | = 0 is called characteristic equation of A.
Homogeneous system of linear equation having non-trival solution if | A - I | = 0
Every square matrix A satisfies its characteristic equation | A - I | = 0

134

Question Bank
1.

If the system of equations x + ky + 3z = 0, 3x + ky - 2z = 0, 2x + 3y - 4z = 0 has

non trivial solution, then
(a)

2.

5
6

(b) - 56

n
n+1
n+2

(c)

6
5

(d) -

n Pn

n Cn

n + 1 Pn + 1

n + 1Cn + 1

n + 2 Pn + 2

n + 2 Cn + 2

(a) (n2 + n + 1) n!
3.

xy
...
z2
6
5

(b) n(n + 1)!

(c) (n + 1) n!

(d) (n + 2) n!

Let a, b, c be such that b(a + c) 0.

b+1
c 1
a a + 1 a 1
a+1
If b b + 1 b 1 +
b 1
c + 1 , then n is...
a 1
n
+
2
n
+1
c c 1 c + 1
( 1)
a (1) b ( 1) n c
(a) Zero

4.

(b) any even integer (c) any odd interger (d) any integer

sin (x + p)
sin (y + p)
sin (z + p)

sin (x + q)
sin (y + q)
si n (z + q)

(a) sin (x + y + z)

5.

(b) sin (p + q + r)

(c) 1

(d) 0

3x 8
3
3
3
3x 8
3 , then x
3
3
3x 8
3
(a) 32 , 11

6.

sin (x + r)
sin (y + r)
sin (z + r)

2 , 11
2, 3
(b) 32 , 11
3 (c) 3 3 (d) 3 11

(b + c) 2

a2

a2

b2

(c + a )2

b2

c2

c2

(a + b) 2

(a) 1 (b) -1

(c) -2

k abc (a + b + c)3 , then k

(d) 2

135

7.

a2 b2
c

b 2 c2
a

c2 a 2
b

(a) 4

kabc, then k

(b) 3

(c) 2

(d) 1

a a 2 1 a3
8.

b b 2 1 b3 0 and the vectors (1, a, a2), (1, b, b2), (1, c, c2) are non-coplanar
c c 2 1 + c3
then abc = ...
(a) 0

9.

(b) 2

(c) -1

11 + 3

20

15 + 22

25

10

3 55

15

25

(d) 1

(a) 5(5 3 3 2)

(b) 5(3 2 5 3)

(c) 5(5 3 3 2)

(d) 5(3 2 5 3)

a2

10. If 2s = a + b + c and A (s b) 2
(s c) 2

(s a) 2
b2
(s c) 2

(s a) 2

(s b) 2 then det A = ...

c 2

(a) 2s2 (s - a) (s - b) (s - c)

(b) 2s3 (s - a) (s - b) (s - c)

(c) 2s (s - a)2 (s - b)2 (s - c)2

(d) 2s2 (s - a)2 (s - b)2 (s - c)2

11. The homogeneous system of equations

2
+++
+

x


( y

2


z
has non - trivial solutions only if...
(a)

(b) for any

(c)

(d)
136

 4 4k k
12. Let A 0 k 4k . If det(A 2 ) then k is ...

0 0 4
(a) 1

(b)

1
4

(c) 4

(d) 42

13. If 1, , are cube roots of unity, then

a2

a3 1

a 2

a 3 1

22

a
(a) 0

(b) a

(c) a2

32

...

(d) a3

14. If a1, a2, a3 ... are in GP , then

log an
log an + 1 log an + 2
log an + 3 log an + 4 log an + 5
log an + 6 log an + 7 log an + 8
(a) 0

(b) 1

3
2
15. If P
12

1
2
,
3
2

(c)

16.

(d) 4

1 1
A
and Q PAPT , then P T Q2013P ..

0 1

4 + 2013 3
6039
(b)

4 2013 3
2012

1 2013
(a)
0
1
1
4

(c) 2

2+ 3
1

2 3
1

(d)

1
4

2012 2 3

2 3 2012

1 2 3i 3 4i
A 2 3i
5
1 i , then det A is ...

4
3 4i 1 i
(a) Purely real (b) purely imaginary (c) complex number

17. The value of

(a) 6

(d) 0

log31024 log 3 3
log 2 3 log 4 3

log 3 8
log 3 9
log 3 4 log 3 4

(b) 9

(c) 10
137

(d) 12

 i 0 0
18. If A 0 i 0 , i 1, then An = I where I is unit matrix when n = ...

0 0 i
(a) 4p + 1

(b) 4p + 3

(c) 4p

(d) 4p + 2

k 3
19. If A =
and | A3 | = 343, then find the value of k = ...

3 k

(a) + 1

(b) + 2

(c) + 3

(d) + 4

1 0
20. If A
, then An + (n - 1) I = ...

1
1

(a) 2n - 1A

(b) - nA

x2 x

x 1

21. If 2 x 3 x 1

3x

x2 2 x 3
(a) -12

22.

(c) nA

x2
2 x 3 x B then B = ...

2x 1 2 x 1
(b) 12

tan 2 x

sec 2 x 1

sec2 x
10

tan 2 x
12

(c) 24

sec x

cos x

(b) 12 sec2x - 10 tan2x + 2

(d) tan2x sec2x

cosec x

, then

e
2

sec x
cos x ,

x2

f(x) dx

cosec x

(b) 1
3

x
24. If f(x ) sin x

(a) 0

cosec2 x

x2

sec2 x +cos x cosec 2 x

23. If f(x) cos 2 x cos 2 x

1
cos 2 x

1
3

(d) -8

1
2

(a) 12 tan2x - 10 sec2x

(c) 0

(a)

(d) (n + 1) A

(c)

2
3

(d)

4
3

then the value of

f( x ) d x

(b) 5e
138

(c) 1

(d) 34

a b
25. If A = b c
c a
a3 + b3 + c3 =

c
a , where a, b, c R+, abc = 1 and | A | > 0, A TA = I, then

b
...

(a) 12

(b) 4

xn

(c) -8

sin x

26. If f(x) n! sin

cos x

cos

dn
,then
dxn

(d) 28

f(x)

at x = 0 is ... where p is constant.

(b) p + p2
(d) Independent of p.

(a) p
(c) p3

cos 2 x

cos 2 3 x cos 2 5 x

27. The value of the determinant cos x

cos 3 x

cos 5 x is ...

cos x

cos 3 x

cos 5 x

(a) 0

(b) cos 2 3x 9

(c) sin 2 3 x

(d) cos 2 15 x

x2 5x 3

2x 5

28. If x ) 3 x x 4 6 x 1 9 ax 3 bx3 cx d, then d = ...

7 x 2 6 x 9 14 x 6 21
(a) 156

(b) 187

(c) 119

(d) 141

3 a b c
29. If A b 3c a , a, b, c R, abc and AA T I and | A | > 0, then

c a 3b

b3 c3

(a) 343

(b) 729

(c) 256

(d) 512

30. Let P be a non-singular matrix and 1 + P + P 2 + .... + P n = O, (O denotes the null

matrix) then P 1 = ...
(a) 0

(b) P

(c) P n
139

(d) I

2a
2a
a b c

31. The matrix

2b
bca
2b is singular if...

2c
c a b
2c
(a) a - b = 0
(c) a + b + c = 0

32.

x 1
x4
x8

x3
x6
x 10

(a) 2

(b) a + b = 0
(d) a = 0

x4
x 8
x 14
(b) -2

(c) 4

(d) -4

33. If a, b, c are positive and not all equal, then the value of determinant

a b c
b c a is ...
c a b
(a) > 0

(b) > 0

(c) < 0

(d) < 0

1 a a 2 bc
34.

1 b b 2 ca
1 c c 2 ab
(a) 0

(b) (a2 - bc) (b2 - ca) (c2 - ab)

(c) (a - b) (b - c) (c - a)

(d) -1

35. If the equations y + z = - ax, z + x = - by, x + y = - cz have non trivial solutions,

then
1
1
1
+
+
.
1 a 1 b 1 c

(a) 1

(b) 2

(c) -1

(d) -2

36. If the equations a(y + z) = x, b(z + x) = y, c(x + y) = z have non trivial solutions,
then
1
1
1
+
+

1 a 1 b 1 c

(a) 1

(b) 2

(c) -1

140

(d) -2

37. If the equations x - 2y + 3z = 0, -2x + 3y + 2z = 0, -8x + y = 0 have non-trivial

solution then = ...
(a) 18

(b) 13

(c) -10

(d) 4

38. If the equations x + 3y + z = 0, 2x - y - z = 0, kx + 2y + 3z = 0 have non-trivial

solution then k = ...
(a)

13
2

(b)

9
2

(c) 152

(d) 132

39. If the equations ax + by + cz = 0, 4x + 3y + 2z = 0, x + y + z = 0 have non-trivial

solution, then a, b, c are in...
(a) A.P.

(b) G.P.

(c) Increasing sequence

(d) decreasing sequence.

40. If the system of equations x + ay = 0, az + y = 0, ax + z = 0 has infinite number

of solutions then a = ...
(a) 0

(b) 1

(c) -1

(d) -2

1 4 20
41. The solution set of the equation 1 2 5 is ...
1 2 x 5 x2
(a) {1, 2}

(b) {-1, -2}

(c) {1, -2}

(d) {-1, 2}

42. The equations x + 2y + 3z = 1, 2x + y + 3z = 2, 5x + 5y + 9z = 4 have....

(a) no solution

(b) unique solution

(c) Infinity solutions

(d) can not say anything

2
43. If A 2

0
(a) A

3
3
1

4
4 then A 1

(b) A2

(c) A3

(d) A4

Read the following paragraph carefully and answer the following questions No. 44
to 46.

1 0 0
A 2 1 0 if U , U and U are column matrices satisfying AU =

1
2
3
1
3 2 1

1
0
, AU2
0

2
2


= 3 , AU3 = 3 and U is 3 3 matrix whose columns are U 1, U2, U3, then
0
1
141

44. The value of | U | is ...

(a) 3

(b) -3

3
2

(d) 2

(c) 1

(d) 3

(c)

45. The sum of the elements of U -1 is ...

(a) -1

(b) 0

3
46. The value of determinant of [3 2 0] U 2 is ...

0
(a) 5

(b)

5
2

(c) 4

12
0 1 2

1
47. If A = 1 2 3 , A 4 3

52 32
3 a 1

(d)

3
2

1
2

c , then ...
1
2

(a) a =2, c = 12

(b) a = 1, c = -1

(c) a = -1, c = 1

(d) a =

1
2

1
2

,c=

1 2 2
48. If A 2 1 2 , then adj A = ...

2 2 1
(b) AT

(a) A

(c) 3A

(d) 3AT

(c) O

(d) A-1

1 2 1
49. If A = 5 2 6 , then A3 = ...

2 1 3
(b) AT

(a) I
1i 3
50. If A 2i
12i i 3

1i 3
2i
,
1i 3
2i

1 0
(a) 0 1

(c)

5 i 3
2

10

i 1 and f(x) = x2 + 2 then f(A) = ...

(b)
0
1

3i 3
2

10

0
1

1 0
(d) 2 i 3 0 1

142

 2 4
51. If A 1 3 4 is an idempotent matrix, then x is equal to ...

1 2 x
(a) - 1

(b) - 5

(c) - 4

(d) - 3

52. Let a, b, c be positive real numbers, the following system of equations in x, y and
z
x2 y2 z2

,
a 2 b2 c2

x 2 y2 z2
x2 y2 z2
2 + 2 2 , 2 2 2 has ...
a
b
c
a
b
c

(a) unique solutin

(b) no solution

(c) finitely many solutions

(d) Infinitely many solutions.

3
53. If A
1

4
, then A n

3n
(a) n

4n
n

2 + n 5 n
(b) n
n

3n
(c) n
1

( 4) n

( 1) n

2n 1 4n
(d) n
1 2n

54. Suppose a matrix A satisfies A 2 - 5A + 7I = O. If A5 = aA + bI then the value of

2a - 3b must be...
(a) 4135

(b) 1435

(c) 1453

(d) 3145

1 a b
55. In a ABC, if 1 c a 0, then the value of 64(sin2A + sin2B + sin2C) must be...
1 b c
(a) 64

(b) 144

(c) 128

(d) 0

(c) -22013A

(d) I

(c) 32011A

(d) 31006A

1 1
56. If A = 1 1 , then A2013 = ...

(a) 22012A

(b) 21006A

2013

57. If A , then A

(a) 32013A

(b) -32012I

143

 1 1 1
adj B

58. If A = 0 2 3 and B adj A), C then
|c
2 1 0
(a) 5

(b) 1

(c) 3

0
0
1
59. If A 0 cos sin , then

0 sin cos
(a) 1
60. If A r

(d)

1
5

adj adj adj adj A

(c) 24

(b) 2

(d) 212

r
r 1
, where r is a natureal number then the value of
r 1 r

2013
A r is ...
r=1

(a) 1

(b) 40

(c) 2012

(d) 2013

61. If z is a complex number and a1, a2, a 3, b1, b2, b3 are all real, then

a1z b1 z a2 z b 2 z a3z b3 z
b1z a1z b 2 z a2 z b3z a3 z
b1z a1 b 2 z a2
b3z a3
(a) z 2

(b) (a1a2a3 + b1b2b3)2 | z |2

(c) 3

(d) 0

1
3 cos
1
1
3 cos , then maximum value of D is...
62. If D = sin
1
sin

(a) 9
63.

(b) 1

(c) 10

(d) 16

cos 2
cos sin cos 2
cos sin 0

0
2
2
cos
sin
sin
cos
sin
sin

provided - = ..., n Z
(a) n

(b) n 1

(c) n
144

(d) 2n

64. If P, Q, R represent the angles of an acute angled triangle, no two of them being

1 1 cos P
equal then the value of 1 1 + cos Q
1 1 + cos R
(a) positive

(b) 0

cos P (1 + cos P)
cos Q (1 + cos Q) is ...
cos R (1 + cos R)

(c) negative

(d) can not be determined

65. If 0 < [x] < 2, -1 < [y] < 1, 1 < [z] < 3 ([ ] denotes the greatest integer function)

[x ] 1
[ y]
[z]
then the maximum value of determinant D [ x ]
[y] + 1
[z] is ...
[x ]
[y]
[z] + 1
(a) 6

(b) 2

(c) 4

(d) 8

tan
1
then A T A 1
66. If A tan

67.

cos 2x sin 2x
(a)
sin 2x cos 2x

cos 2x sin 2x
(b)
sin 2x cos 2x

cos 2x sin 2x
(c)
sin 2x cos 2x

1
tan x
(d)
1 tan x

cos x 0 sin x
cos y sin y 0

f(x)
0
1
0 , g(y) sin y cos y 0

0
1
sin x 0 cos x
0
(i) f(x) . g(y) = ...
(b) f

(a) f(xy)

x
y

(c) f(x + y)

(d) f(x - y)

(ii) Which of the following is correct ?

1

(a) f(x)

f(x )

(b) f(x )

(c) f(x ) f( x)
1

(iii) f(x ) g(y)

(d) f(x )

f(x )
f( x )

(a) f(x 1 ) g(y 1 )

(b) f(y 1 ) g(x 1 )

(c) f(-x) g(-y)

(d) g(-y) f(-x)

145

x a a
x a
, then ...
68. If D1 a x a and D 2
a x
a a x
3

(b) D1 3D 2 2

(a) D1 3 D2 2
(c)

d
dx

D1 3D22

(d)

d
dx

D1 3D 2

69. If are the roots of the equation x2 + bx + c = 0, then

1+

1 3 3

1 + 4

(a) (1 + b + c)2 (b2 - 4c)

(b) (1 - b - c)2 (b2 - 4c)

(c) (1 - b + c)2 (b2 - 4c)

(d) (1 + b - c)2 (b2 - 4c)

70. If x a y b em , x c yd e n , D1

m b
a m
a b
, D2
and D
, then
n d
c n
c d

x = ... and y = ...

(a) log

D1
D

, log

D2
D

D
(b) D1 ,

D2
D

6
71. The value of determinant

12
18

2i

(c) e

D1
D

,e

D2
D

D2

(d) D
1

D
D1

3+ 6

3 8i

3 2 + 6i is a
2 + 12 i
27 + 2i

(a) real number

(b) rational number

(c) irrational number

(d) complex number

72. Match the following columns :

Column I

Column II

1. A is a square matrix such that A 2 = A

A. A is a Nilpotent matrix

2. A is a square matreix such that A m = O

B. A is an Involutary matrix

3. A is a square matrix such that A = I

T

4. A is a square matrix such that A = A

(a) 1-D, 2-A, 3-C, 4-B
(c) 1-A, 2-C, 3-D, 4-B

C. A is a symmetric matrix
D. A is an dempotent matrix
(b) 1-D, 2-A, 3-B, 4-C

146

(d) 1-B, 2-D, 3-C, 4-A

2 cos 2 x sin 2x sin x

f(x ) sin 2x 2 sin 2 x cos x , then
73. If
cos x
sin x
0

(b)

(a) 1

x
2
74. If f( x ) x
2x
(a) 0

sin x
tan x
sin 2 x

f(x) f '(x) dx

(c) 0

(d)

1
3

cos x
f '( x )
x 3 , then lim

x 0
x
5x

(b) 1

(c) 2

(d) 4

75. The set of natural numbers N is partitioned into arrays of rows and columns in the

6 7 8
2 3

, M 3 9 10 11 , ... , M n . and
form of matrices as M1 , M 2

4
5

12 13 14
so on. Fi nd the sun of the el em ents of the di agonal i n M 6.
(a) 144

(b) 441

(c) 321

(d) 461

1 x
x
x2
2
5
4
3
2
76. Let x 1 x x ax bx cx dx ex f, then match the following
x2
x 1 x

columns:
Column I

Column II

1.

The Value of f = ...

A.0

2.

The value of e = ...

B. 1

3.

The value of a + c = ...

C. -1

4.

The value of b + d = ...

D. 3

(a) 1-C, 2-D, 3-A, 4-B

(b) 1-A, 2-B, 3-B, 4-C

(c) 1-B, 2-D, 3-C, D-B

(d) 1-D, 2-C, 3-D, 4-A

(1 3 x )m
1
77. If f(x )
(1 5 x) n

(1 + 5x ) m
(1 3 x ) m
1

1
(1 5 x ) n , a, b being positive integers, then sum
(1 3 x) m

of constant term and coefficient of x is equal to ...

(a) 5

(b) - 8

(c) 1
147

(d) 0

78. If maximum and minimum value of the determinant

1 sin 2 x
cos 2 x
sin 2x
2
2
sin x
1 + cos x
sin 2x are M and m respectively, then match the
2
2
sin x
cos x
1 + sin 2x

following columns.
Column I
2

1.

M +m

2.

Column II
2013

A.

always an odd for kN

M3 - m3 =

B.

Being three sides of triangle

3.

M2k - m2k =

C.

10

4.

2M - 3m, M + m, M + 2m

D.

E.

Always an even for kN

F.

does not being three sides of triangle.

G.

26

(a) 1-D, 2-G, 3-A, 4-B

(b) 1-G, 2-D, 3-A, 4-E

(c) 1-C, 2-G, 3-E, 4-B

(d) 1-D, 2-C, 3-E, 4-F

79. If [x] is the greatest integer less than or equal to x, then the determinants value of
the matrix.
[e]
[]
[ 6]

[ 6]
[e] is ...
[ ]
[ 6]
[e]
[

(a) 8

(b) 0

(c) 1

(d) -8

cos 2x sin 2 x cos 4x

80. When the determinant f(x) sin 2 x cos 2x cos 2 x is expanded in powers of
cos 4x cos 2 x cos 2x

sinx, then the constant term in that expansion is...

(a) 0

(b) -1

81. The value of the determinant

(a) 0

(b) 2sin

(c) 2

(d) 1

sin
cos
sin 2
2
2
sin cos + sin 2 + 4
sin 2

cos 2

(c) -sin2
148

sin 2 4
(d) -2cos

is ...


1 0
82. If A

and
B
, then A2 = B for

5
1

(a) = 4
(b) = 1
(c) = -1

(d) no

1 0
and I
, then A2 = 9I for
83. If A

2
3
0
1

(a) = 4
(b) = 3
(c) = -3

(d) no

3 1
84. If A 9 3 ,

9 1
(a) 9 0

then I + 2A + 3A 2 +...

4 1
(b) 9 1

2
7
(c) 18 5

2
7
(d) 5 18

85. If M is a 3 3 matrix, where MTM = I and det M = 1, then det(M - I) = ...

(a) 0

(b) -1

(c) 4

(d) -3

86. Let and be real. The system of equations

x + (sin)y + (cos)z = 0
x + (cos)y + (sin)z = 0
-x + (sin)y - (cos)z = 0

has no trivial solution.

(i) The the set of all values of is

(a) 3, 3 (b) 2, 2

(c) [-1, 1] (d) 0,

(ii) For = 1, = ...

(a) n, n (b) 2n, n

(c) n, n

(d) , 3

1 0
and A 2 A kI 2 , then k
87. If A

1
7

(a) 1

(b) -1

(c) 7

88. The identity element in the group M x

x

(d) -7

x
x
x

x / x R, x 0 with respect to

matrix multiplicaiton is ...

13
(a) 13
1
3

1
3
1
3
1
3

1
3
1
3
1
3

12

(b) 12
1

1
2
1
2
1
2

1
2
1
2
1
2

1 1 1

(c) 1 1 1
1 1 1
149

1 0 0
(d) 0 1 0
0 0 1

y y y
89. The inverse element of y y y in group

y y y

M x
x

x
1 1 1

x / x R, x , I 1 1 1 w.r.t.

x
1 1 1

x
x
x

matrix multiplication is...

1y

(a) 1y
1y

1
y
1
y
1
y

1
y
1
y
1
y

3y1

(b) 3y
3y1

1
3y
1
3y
1
3y

1
3y
1
3y
1
3y

6y1
1
(c) 6y
6y1

1
6y
1
6y
1
6y

1
6y
1
6y
1
6y

9y1
1
(d) 9y
9y1

1
9y
1
9y
1
9y

1
9y
1
9y
1
9y

1 2
1
90. If A 2 1 and (x) x ) (1 x) , then (A)

1 0
(a) 0 1

1 0
(b) 1 1

1 1
(c) 1 0

0 1
(d) 1 0

0 2
91. Costruct an orthogonal matrix using the skew-symmetric matrix A
2 0

53
(a) 4
5

54
35
53 (b) 45

4
5
3
5

45
(c) 3
5

3
5
4
5

45
(d) 3
5

53
54

92. Construct an orthogonal matrix using the skew-symmetric matrix

0 2 1
A 2 0 5

1 5 0
21 6 22
1
14 21 6
(a)

31
18 14 21

22
21 6
1
14 27 6
(b)

31
18 14 21

21 6 22
1
(c)
6 14 18

31
22 18 7

21 6 22
1
(d)
6 14 18

31
22 18 7
150

2 2 1
93. If A 1 3 1 , then A3 - 7A2 + 10A = ...

1 2 2
(a) 5I - A

(b) 5I + A

(c) A - 5I

(d) 7I

1 2
94. If A = 3 4 , 8A-4 = ...

(a) 145 A-1 - 27I

(b) 27I - 145 A-1

(c) 29A-1 + 9I

(d) 145A-1 + 27I

95. The system of equations

x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 = x1,
3x1 + x2 + 2x3 = x2,
2x1 + 3x2 + x3 = x3
(a) 1

can possess a non-trivial solution then = ...

(b) 2

(c) 3

(d) 6

96. Solution of the system of linear equations ( constant)

x sec2 - y tan2 + z = 2.
x cos2 + y sin2 = 1
x+z=2

is (x, y, z) = ...

(a) (1, 1, 1)

(b) (1, 2, 2)

(c) (2, 1, 2)

(d) (1, 0, 1)

97. For what value of k the following system of linear equations

x + 2y - z = 0,
3x + (k + 7)y - 3z = 0,
2x + 4y + (k - 3)z = 0 possesses a non-triuvial solution.
(a) 1

(b) 0

(c) 2

(d) -2

98. The correct match of the following columns is given by

Column I

olumn II

1.

Leibnitz

A.

ei

2.

Euler

B.

Mathematical logic

3.

Cayley - Hamilton

C.

Calculus

4.

George Boole

D.

(ei)n = ei(n)

5.

De-moivre

E.

Theory of Matices

(a) 1-D, 2-A, 3-E, 4-b, 5-A

(b) 1-B, 2-D, 3-A, 4-C, 5-E

(c) 1-C, 2-A, 3-D, 4-B, 5-E

(d) 1-C, 2-A, 3-E, 4-B, 5-D

151

4 6 6
99. Let A 1 3 2 . If q is the angle between two non-zero column vectors

1 5 2
X such that AX = X for some scalar , then tan = ...
(a)

7
202

(b)

3
19

3
202

(c)

(d)

7
19

100. Let the 3-digit numbers A28, 3B9 and 62C, where A, B, C are integers between

A 3 6
0 and 9, be divisible by a fixed interger k, then the determinant 8 9 C is
2 B 2
divisible by ...
(b) k3

(a) 3k

(c) k

(d)

k
3

2 3
101. If A 1 1 then I + A + A2 + ... = ...

0 3
(a)
1 3

(b)

1 0 3
3 1 3

(c)

1 0 3
3 1 3

(d) undefined.

2 3
, then A3 = ...
102. If A

1
1

(a) I

x
r

y
103. If r

z
r

(a) 0

(b) O

x 1
r 1

y 1
r 1

z 1
r 1

x 2
x
r2
r

y 2
y
r2 r

z 2
z
r 2
r

(b) 1

(c) -A

(d) A + I

x
r 1

y
r 1

z
r 1

x
r 2

y
r 2 , then is ...

z
r 2

(c) -1

104. Investigate the values and for the system

x + 2y + 3z = 6
x + 3y + 5z = 9
2x + 5y + z =
152

(d) 2

and correct match the following columns.

Column I

Column II

1.

= 8, 15

A.

Infinity of solutions

2.

8, R

B.

No solutions

= 8, 15

A.

Unique solution

(a) 1-A, 2-B, 3-C

(B) 1-B, 2-C, 3-A

(c) 1-C, 2-A, 3-B

(d) 1-C, 2-B, 3-A

0 2
105. The value of when A is orthogonal are ...

(a)

1
1
1
,
,
2
6
2

(b)

1
1
1
,
,
3
2
6

(c)

1
1
1
,
,
2
6
3

(d)

1
1
1
,
,
2
2
2

153

Hint
1 k
1.

33
3 k 2 0 k
2
2 3 4

Put value of k in given equations and solved them

x
y z
xy 30 5

15 2 6
z
36
6

n
2.

n!

D n 1 (n 1)! 1
n 2 (n 2)! 1
n
n! n 1
n 2

n 1
( n 2 ) ( n 1)

1
1

n ! 1
1

3.

n
(n 1)

n 2 n 1 n!

The 2nd det D2 =

1
C 2
n!

0
0

R 23 (1), R12 (1)

Expanding along C3

a 1

b 1

c 1

a 1

b 1

c 1

a 1 b

a 1 b 1 c 1
n

(1) a 1 b 1 c 1
a
b
c

R 13 , R 23 and taking transpose

1 1 D1 0 For any odd integer

D1 o since b a c o
154

4.

Given determinant is a product of two eleminant

sinx

cos x 0 cos p cos q cos r

sin y cos y 0 sin p

sin z cos z 0 0
3x 2
5.

sin q
0

sin r 0 0 0
0

3x 2 3x 8
3 0
3x 2
3
3x 8

C21 1 , C31 1

1
C1
and expanding along R 1
3x 2

3x 2 3x 11 0
2 11
x ,
3 3

6.

Let a = 1, b = - 1, c = 2

1 1 1
1 9 1 k 2 2
4 4 0

32 16k
k 2

7.

Let a = 1, b = -1, c = 2

1 5 1 k 1 1 2
1 1 5
8 2k
k 4

8.

a a2 1 a a2
b b2 1 b b2
c

c2 1

c2

a3
b3 0
c3

1 a a2
1 a a2
1 b b 2 abc 1 b b 2 0
1 c

c2

1 c

c2

155

1 a a2
1 abc 1 b b 2 0
c2

1 c

1 a a2
abc 1 since 1 b b2 0
1 c c2

9.

11
15
3

5 5

2
5

22

55

1
1
C2
, C3

5
5

5 0

5 3 2 5 3

3 2

C 21

3 , C31 11

exp anding along R 1

1 1 1
10.

2 2

If s 0, det A a b c 1 1 1 0
1 1 1
S2 is a factor of det A since 3 rows are identical
Let s=a
a2

det A a b

a c

a c

a b
2

c2

a2
c2
b2

s - a is a factor of det A
Similarly (s - b) and (s - c) are also factors.
but det A is a sixth degree polynomial
The sixthe factor is of the form k (a+b+c).

det A k a b c s 2 s a s b s c
Let a b 0, c 2 s 1
156

0
b2
b2

0
c2 0
c2

b c a

0 1 1
det A 1 0 1 2k k 1
1 1 4

det A 2s3 s a s b s c
11.

The determinant of coefficient matrix is the product of two determinant.

0 1

0 1 0 0 0

0 0
0
0
for any , , ,
4 4k

12.

det A 2 det A 0
0

4k 16

16k 2 16
1
16

k2
k

13.

1
4

a2
a 2

a
D a
a

aa a

a 2

1
1

a
a

1 a

=0
14.

a3
a
3
a a
a 3

a2
1
2
a 1
a 2

a2
a 2
a 2

a2
a 2

1 a 2

1
1
1
a
a
a

1 2 0

Use a n a1r n 1

log a n log a1 n 1 log r

log a n

log a n 1

log a n 2

3log r
6log r

3log r
6log r

3log r 0
6 log r
157

R12 1 , R13 1 and then R 2 R 3

15.

PPT P T P I

Clearly P is an orthogonal matrix

Q2013 PAPT PAPT PAPT

2013times

PA 2013 PT
PT Q 2013 P A 2013
1 2 3 1 3
1 2013
A2 A A
, A , ... , A2013

1
0 1
0 1
0
16.

det A = det A

= det A

det A det A det A

det A is Purely real

17. D

log3 210
3

log3 2

log 23 3 log2 3
2

log22 32 log3 2

log22 3
2

log3 2

1
log2 3
1
log2 3
log2 3
3

2
2
3log3 2
log2 3 2log3 2 2log3 2
2
10log3 2

10 1 2 1 9
18.

A iI

An in In in I I if n 4p
19.

A3 73
3

A 73 A 7

k 2 9 7 k 4
20.

1 0 3 1 0
1 0
A2
,A
,..., An

2 1
3 1
n 1
n 0
A n n 1 I
nA
n n

158

21.

Putting x=0, we get

1 0 3 B B 12
3 1 1
1
22.

D sec 2 x tan 2 x 1
10
12
2
1

R 21 (1)

2 2
2

sec x 1 1
10
2 2
C2 C3

=0

23.

C 1 2 1

sec x
cos x sec 2 x cos x cos ec 2 x
f x cos 2 x cos 2 x
cos ec 2 x
sin 2 x

C23 1

cos x sin 2 x cos3 x

sin 2 x cos x sin 2 x

f x dx sin
0

2
2

x cosx dx sin2 x dx

0
1

t3 1
1

x sin 2x
2

3 0 2

24.

1

3 4

since f (- x) = - f (x), odd function.

f x dx 0

25.

taking sin x t substitution

T
since A T A I A 2 I A A clearly

a b c a b c 1 0 0
b c a b c a 0 1 0
c a b a b c 0 0 1
159

a 2 b 2 c 2 1, ab bc ca o
2

a b c 1 a b c 1

a 3 b3 c3 3abc a b c a 2 b 2 c 2 ab bc ca

abc 1

a 3 b3 c3 3 1 1 4

26.

n
n

n! sin x cos x
2
2

n
n
dn
sin
cos
f x n!
n
2
2
dx
2
p
p
p3

dn
f 0 f n 0
n
dx
= 0 R 1 R 2

27.

By R 32 (1) we get all entries of R 2 is zero

D 0

28.

2x 5
1
x 6x 1

2x 5
6x 1

3
x 2 5x 3
9 3x 2 x 4

14x 6 14x 6 21

x is a constant
a 0, b 0, c 0

Put x = 0 both sides, we get

d 4 1 9 141
9 6 21
29.

3
9

7x 2 6x 9 14 21

0 C1 C2 0 C2 C3 0

3 5

2
6

Clearly A T A AA T 64I
A 2 64I

A 8
160

3a
b
c

3c a 8
a 3b

29abc 3 a 3 b 3 c3 8

abc 1

a 3 b3 c3 7

a 3 b3 c 3

30.

343

P 1 1 P P 2 ... P n P 1 .O

P1 I IP ... IPn 1 O

P 1 I 1 P ... P n 1 O

P1 I Pn O

P 1 P n

a bc a bc a bc
31.

a b c

a b c

bca
2c

2b
2c

determinant

1
0
2b a b c
2c

2b
ca b
0
0
a b c

x 1 x 3 x 4
D 3
4

3
4

4
6

R 23 1 , R12 1

x 1 2 1
3
4

R 1
, C12 1 , C13 1
abc

1
1

C2
, C3
and expanding along R1
abc
abc

0 if a b c 0

32.

R 21 1 , R 31 1

0 1
0 2

C23 1 , C12 1

= - 4 expanding along C2
161

a b c
33.

b c a 3abc a 3 b3 c3
c a b

a b c a 2 b 2 c2 ab bc ca

34.

1
2
2
2
a b c a b b c c a 0 negative
2

1 a a2
1 a bc
2
D 1 b b 1 b ca
1 c c2

1 c ab

a b b c c a a b b c c a
=0

35.

ax y z 0
equations x by z 0
x y cz 0

a 1 1
since 1 b 1 0
1 1 c
a

R23 1 ,R12 1

1 a b 1 0 0
0 1 b c 1

a b 1 c 1 11 a c 1 11 b 1 b 0
a
1
1

0 dividing both sides by 1 a 1 b 1 c 0

1 a 1 b 1 c
1
1
1

1
1 a 1 b 1 c

36.

determinant of coefficient matrix

b
c

1 b 0
c 1

162

1 a

b
c

1 a

1 b
0 0 C 1 , C 1
13
12
0
1 c

1
1 a
b

1 b
c
1 c

0 0

1
1
1
R1
, R2
, R3

1 a
1 b
1 c

b
c
1

0
1 a 1 b 1 c
1
1
1

1
1
0
1 a
1 b
1 c

1
1
1

2
1 a 1 b 1 c

37.

2 3

2
8

20
0

2 32 6 72 0
8 104 0
13

1
38.

2 1 1 0
k 2 3
1 18 3k 4 k 0

15
k
2

39.

a b c
4 3 2 0 a 2b c 0 a, b,c are in AP
1 1 1

163

1 a 0

40.

0 1 a 0 1 a a 2 0 a 3 1 0 a 1
a 0 1

41.

clearly if x 1 R 2 R 3 and D 0
if x 2 R1 R 3 and D 0

solution set{1, 2}
1 2 3
42.

2 1 3 0 unique solution
5 5 9
3 4 4
A 1 0,A 0 1 0 and A4 I
2 2 3
2

43.

A4 A1 IA1 A3 A1

44.

x
x
1
1

Let U1 y , then AU1 0 2x y 0

z
0 3x 2y z 0
x 1, y 2, z 1

2
2
1

U 1 , U 1
U1 2 ,
similarly 2 3
4
3
1
1 2 2
U 2 1 1 U 3
1 4 3

45.

1 2 0
1
1
U
adj U 7 5 3
U
3
9 6 3
1

Sum of elements of U 1 1 1 2 0 7 5 3 9 6 3 0
3
164

46.

1 2 2 3
3

3 2 0 2 1 1 2 1 4 4 2 5
1 4 3 0
0
det [5] = 5

47.

A 8 2 a 6 2a 4
cofactor of a12 1 is 8 in A

8
8
2
In A 1 now A 21 A 4 2a 4 4 2a 4 1
A 2

2 2a 4 2a 2 a 1
1
In A , A 23 C

48.

cofator a in A
A

2
1
2

Matrix of confactors of elements of A = A c

3 6 6
A c 6 3 6 adj A A c
6 6 3

49.

0 0 0
A 3 3 9 and A3 O
1 1 3

50.

Let

3 6 6
6 3 6 3A T
6 6 3

1 i 3
1 i 3
2
and
2
2

3 1 and 1 2 0

A i 2

i

2
A 2
i
2

i 1

i 1
i

2
0
1 1
2 1

1 1
1 2

165

 2 4

0
1 2

1 2
0
0

0 2 0
1 2
f (A) A 2 2I

1 2 0 2
0
1 0
3 2

0 1

1 i 3 1 0
3 2
0 1
2

1 0
2i 3

0 1

51.

A2 A
2
16 4x 2 2 4
2

1
3
16 4x 1 3 4
2
4 x 8 2x 12 x 1 2 x
By comparing Compoent, we have 4 x 1 x 3

52.

1
a2
1
a2
1
a2

1
b2
1
b2
1
b2

1
c2
1 1 1
1
1
4
2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 0
2
c
a bc
a bc
1 1 1
1
c2

Unique solution

53.

3 4 3 4 5 8
A2

1 1 1 1 2 3
For n = 2 , A2 = (d) Ans.

54.

A3 A A 2 A 5A 7I 5A 2 7A
5 5A 7I 7A 25A 35I 7A 18A 35I
Similarly

A4 A A3

A 18A 35I
166

18 5A 7I 35A
55A 126I

A5 149A 385I aA bI
a 149, b 385

2a 3b 2 149 3 385 1453

55.

On expanding

1 c 2 ab a c a b b c 0

a 2 b 2 c 2 ab bc ca 0
1
2
2
2
a b b c c a 0

Provided a = b = c
A B C

3 3 3
64 sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 64 144
3
3
3

4 4 4

56.

1 1 1 1 2 2
1 1
A2

2A
1 1 1 1 2 2
1 1

A3 A A2 A 2A 2A2 2 2A 22 A 231 A
A 2013 22012 A
57.

A 2 3A

A3 A2 A 3A A 3 3A 32 A 331 A
A 2013 32012 A
58.

A 1 0 3 1 0 6 1 0 4 5
adjB
c

59.

adj adjA
5A

53 A
3 1

A
4 1
5

A cos 2 sin 2 1
adj adjA A

n2

A 1

adj adj adj adj A

3 2

AA

adj adjA
167

n 1 2

A 1

60.

A r r 2 r 1 2r 1

A r 2r 1 2
2013

A 2013
r

r 1

61.

62.

r
r 1 r r 2
2

2013
A r 2013
r 1

Given determinant is a product of two determinant

z 0 a1 a 2 a3

z
1

z 0 b1 b2 b3 0 0 0
z 0 0 0 0

D 11 3sin cos 3cos sin 3cos 1 sin 2 1

1 6sin cos 8cos 2
2

3cos sin a cos b sin

a 2 b2 D a 2 b 2
9 1 3cos sin 9 1
2

0 3cos sin 10
Range = [0,10]

63.

Product =

cos 2 cos2 cos sin cos sin

2
2
cos sin cos sin cos sin
cos cos cos

sin cos cos

cos2 cos sin sin 2 cos sin

cos sin cos sin sin 2 sin 2

cos sin cos

sin sin cos

0 0

if 2n 1

2
0 0

cos ( ) = 0

168

64.

65.

1 cos P cos 2 P
D 1 cos Q cos 2 Q cos P cos Q cos Q cos R cos R cos P
1 cos R cos 2 R
if P Q R

D0

if P Q R

D 0 can not be determined.

y
z
1

y 1 z x y z 1C21 1 , C31 1 and C1 [ x] [ y] [ z ] 1

y z 1

1
D1
1
1
0
0

y z
1

x y z 1 R 1 , R 1
12

13

x y z 1
Maximum value of D= 1+0+2+1=4

66.

tan x 1 1
1
A T A 1
1 1 tan2 x tan x
tan x

tan x
1

1 tan 2 x 2 tan x cos 2x sin 2x

1

2
1 tan 2 x 2 tan x 1 tan x sin 2x cos 2x

67.

cos x 0 sin x
(i) f x f y 0
1
0

sin x 0 cos x

cos y 0 sin y
0
1
0

sin y 0 cos y

cos x y 0 sin x y

0
1
0
f x y
sin x y 0 cos x y

cos x 0 sin x
0
1
0 f x
(ii) f x 1 0, adj f x
sin x 0 cos x
1
1
1
adj f x f x f x
f x
1
f x

169

(iii) f x g y g y f x 1 g y f x
68.

(ii)

D1 x 3 3a 2 x 2a 3 , D 2 x 2 a 2

d
D1 3x 2 3a 2 3 x 2 a 2 3D 2
dx

1
69.

1 1 1

1 2
2 1 2

D1
1 2

D is a product of two deferminant

1 11 1
2

1 1

since x 2 bx c x x

1 b c 1 1
& b, c
2

4 b 4c b 2 4c
2

D 1 b c b 2 4c
70.

Linear equations
a log x b log y m

c log x + d log y =n
By cramer's rule :

log x

D1
D
, log y 2
D
D
D1
D

x e , y e
1
71.

3 6

2i

3 2 2i 3 2 6i

2 2 3i

6 2

6i

2i

D 6

D2
D

1
C1

3 3 2i

C12 2i ,C13 3

170

72.

6 2

Match the following colums.

Column I

Column II

1.

A is a square matrix such that A 2 A

D.

A is a an Idempotent matrix

2.

A is a square matrix such that Am O

A.

A is a nilpotent matrix

3.

A is a square matrix such that A 2 I

A is a square matrix such that A T A

B.

A is an Involutanry matrix

C.

A is a symmetric materix

4.

2
73.

C23 2i 0 0 6. 6 2 3 6 a real number..

sinx

f x 0
2
sin x cosx

C31 2sinx , C32 2cosx

cosx
0

2 0 cos 2 x 0 sin x 0 2 sin x = 2

I f x f 1 x dx

f x 2 , f x 2
1

2x
0

1
1

74.

f x
x

x
2x

cos x

sin x

tan x
x
sin 2x

x2
5x

1
lim

x 0

x
sin x
cos x
x
sin x
cos x
tan x
2
2
2x sec x 3x x
x2
x
sin 2x
2
5
2 2 cos 2x
5
x

0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 2 2 5 2 2 5

0 2 2 4

75.

Consider Sn 1 2 6 15 t n 1 t n ,
Where t n element a11 of M n
1st We find a11 of M n
171

S n 1 2 6 1 5 t n 1 t n
Sn

1 2

6 t n 2 t n 1 t n

0 1 1 4

t n

t n 1 1 22 32 42 n 1
1

t n 1 t n

n 1
n 1 1 2 n 1 1
6

t n 1

n n 1 2n 1
6

It is clear in nxn matrix that distance of consecutive diagonal element is (n 1)

First term 1

n n 1 2n 1
6

Sum of diagonal element of Mn

, difference = n + 1

n n n 1 2n 1
2 1
n 1 n 1
6
6

n
2n 3 n 3
6

For n=6, Sum of diagonal element =441

1 0 0
76.

Let x=0 both sides

0 1 0
=0+0+0+0+0+f
0 0 1

f=1

Differentiate both sides and Put x = 0.

1 1 0

1 0 0

1 0 0

0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
+
+
=e
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1

e = 3

Put x = 1 both sides

Put x = - 1 both sides

2 1 1

1 2 1
=a+b+c+d+e+f
1 1 2

172

1 1

1 0 1
=-a+b-c+d-e+f
0 1 0

4 = a + b + c + d + 3 + 1
a + b + c + d = 0 ...... (1)
by (i) & (ii)
a + c = - 1, b + d = 1

200 = -a + b - c + d - 3 + 1
- a + b - c + d = 2 ......... (ii)

1 1 1
77.

Put x = 0, constant term =f (0) =

1 1 1
=0
1 1 1

Differentiate and Put x = 0,

3m 5n 0
coefficient of x = f ' (0) =

1
+

1
1

1
1

1
1

0 3m 5n 1 1 1
+
1 1
1 5n 0 3m

f' (0) = 0.
Required sum = f (0) + f ' (0) = 0 + 0 = 0

1
78.

D=

0
1
1
2
2
sin x cos x 1 sin 2x
1

R 31 (1), R 32 (1)

0
1
0
2
2
sin x cos x 2 sin 2x

C13(1), C23(1)

=2+sin2x
Now 1 sin 2x 1

1 2 sin 2x 3
1.

M=3, m=1

M 2 m 2013 10 ,

2. M 3 m 3 26
3. M 2k m2k odd 1 even always
79.

4. 2 M - 3 m = 3, M + m = 4 , M + 2 m = 5 are become three sides of triangle.

Since
2 e 3 [e] 2
3 4 [ ] 3

173

3 2 6 4 [2 6] 3

2 3 3
det

3 3 2
= -8
3 2 3
1 0 1

80.

Constant term =f(0) =

sin
sin
81.

D=

=0

0 1 1
=- 1
1 1 1

cos
cos

sin 2
sin 2

2
2
4

sin
cos sin 2
3
3
3

R32(1).

R 1 R 2

2
2
2

1
2 sin sin
since sin
sin
2 sin cos
3
3
3

2
2
2

similarly cos cos cos and

3
3

4
4

sin 2
sin 2
sin 2
3
3

82.

A2 B
0 0 1 0

1 1 1 1 5 1

2 0 1 0

1 1 5 1
2 1, 1 5
There is no given in option satisfies the obtain equation.
no
83.

0 0
1 0
A 2 9I
9

2 3 2 3
0 1

174

 2
0 9 0

2 6 9 0 9

2 9, 2 6 0
3 satisfies above both aquations.

84.

3 1 3 1 0 0
A2

0
9 3 9 3 0 0
I+2A+3A2+... =I+2A+0+...
2 7
2
1 0 6

0 1 18 6 18 5

85.

det(M-I) det(M I)T

det(M T I)
det(M T M T M)
det (M T (I M)
det MT det(I M)
det M det((M I))

(1)3 det (M I)
det (M-I) = - det (M-I)
det (M-I) = 0

86.

sin
cos

1 sin

cos
sin = 0
cos

on expanding along C1

cos 2 sin 2
Compare with f ( ) a cos b sin
whose range is [ a 2 b 2 , a 2 b ]
(i) Range of is [ 2, 2] ( Here a = 1, b = 1)
(ii) For 1
cos2 sin 2 1
Dividing both sides by 2

1
1
1
cos 2
sin 2
2
2
2

cos 2 cos
4
4

175

2n
4
4

n, n

87.

A I 0

1
O
=0
1 7

2 8 7 O
A2 8A 7I O
A2 8A 7I
k 7

88.

k k k
k k k
be the identity element, then
Let
k k k
x x x k k k x x x
x x x k k k x x x
x x x k k k x x x

3kx 3kx 3kx x x x

3kx 3kx 3kx x x x
3kx 3kx 3kx x x x
3kx x
(3k 1)x 0

1
( x 0)
3

Required identity elenent

89.

1
3
1
3
1
3

1
3
1
3
1
3

x x x y y y

AB = I x x x y y y
x x x y y y

1
3
1
3
1
3

1
3
1
3
1
3

1
3
1
3
1
3

176

1
3
1
3
1
3

3xy 3xy 3xy

3xy 3xy 3xy
3xy 3xy 3xy
3xy
y

1
3
1
3
1
3

1
3
1
3
1
3

1
9y
y
1
y is
9y
y
1

9y

1
9y

1
3

1
9x

or

y y
y y

The required inverse of y y

90.

1
3
1
3
1
3

1
9y

1
9y
1
9y

1
9y
1

9y
1

9y

1 0 1 2 2 2
IA

0 1 2 1 2 0
1 0 1 2 2 2
IA

,
0 1 2 1 2 2
(I A) 1

IA 4 0

1
1 2 2
adj (I A)
IA
4 2 0

(A) (I A) (I A) 1
2 2 1 2 2 1 0 4 0 1

2 0 4 2 0 4 4 4 1 1
91.

0 2
Construct an orthogonal matrix using the skew-symmetric matrix A

2 0
1 0 0 2 1 2
IA

0 1 2 0 2 1
1 0 0 2 1 2
IA

, IA 5 0
0 1 2 0 2 1

I A

1
1 1 2
adj I A
IA
5 2 1

177

 Orthogonal matrix (A) (I A)(I A)1

1 2 1 1 2 1 3 4

2 1 5 2 1 5 4 3

92.

1 2 1
1 2 1

I A 2 1 5 , I A 2 1 5 , I A 31 0
1 5 1
1 5 1
26 3 11
1
1
(I A)
adj(I A) 7 2 3
IA
31
9 7 5
1

Required Orthogonal matrix= (A) (I A)(I A)1

22
1 2 1 26 3 11
21 6
1
1

2 1 5 7 2 3 14 27 6
31
31
1 5 1 9 7 5
18 14 21
93.

The Charateristic eqution is A I 0

1
1

3
1 0
2
2

3 7 2 11 5 0
A 3 7A 2 11A 5I 0
A 3 7A 2 10A 5I A

94.

The Characteristic equation of A is A I 0

2 5 2 0
A2 5A 2I O

I 5A 1 2A 2 O

A 2

1
I 5A 1
2

A 4

1
I 5A 1
4

1
I 10A 1 25A 2
4

178

 A 4

1
25

I 10A 1
I 5A 1

4
2

8A 4 27I 145A 1

95.

(1 )x 1 2x 2 3x 3 0
3x 1 (1 )x 2 2x 3 0
2x 1 3x 2 (1 )x 3 0

3
2

1
2 0
3 1

1 (1 ) 2 6 2 3 3 4 3(9 2 2 ) 0

(1 )( 2 2 5) 2(3 1) 3(7 2 ) 0
2 2 5 3 2 2 5 6 2 21 6 0

96.

3 3 2 1 5 1 8 0
6 Satisfies the equation.
determinant of Coefficient matrix is
sec 2 tan 2 1
D cos 2 sin 2 0
1

sec2 sin 2 tan 2 cos 2 sin 2

tan 2 0 unique solution exists

D x D y D z tan 2
x

97.

D
Dx
D
1, y y 1, Z z 1
D
D
D

(x, y, z) (1,1,1)
The determinant of the coefficient matrix is

2 k 7 3 0 k 2 1 0
3
4
k 3

( By expanding along C1)

k 1
98.

clearly (d).

179

4
99.

1
1

3
2 0
5 2

( 1)( 2) 2 0 1, 2
For 1 3x 6y 6z 0
x 2y 2z 0
x 5 y 3z 0

4
x y z

x 1 ......(1)
By cross multiplication 4 1 3
3
For

2 2x 6y 6z 0
x y 2z 0
x 5y 4z 0

3
x y z

x 1 ........(2)
6 2 4
2
By (i) and (ii), cos

tan sec2 1

A
100.

(4,1, 3) (3,1, 2)
19
.

16 1 9 9 1 4
364

3
19

100A 8 20 300 9 10B 600 C 20 A28 3B9 62C km

=
2
B
2
2
B
2
is divisible by k since the 2nd row is divisible by k.
1

101.

3 3
1 0 3
I A A ... (I A)

3 1 3
1 0

102.

3
2
0 2 1 0
1 1

A2 A I O
A2 = - A - I
A3 A 2 A

180

 ( A I) A
A3 I

103.

n n n 1
By the pascal rule

r r 1 r 1
n 1 n n

r 1 r r 1

LHS=

x

r
y

r

r 1
y

r 1

x 1

r 2
y 1

r 2

C23 (1) and C12 (1)

z z z 1

r r 1 r 2

104.

x
r

y

r

x
r 1

r 1

x
r 2

r 2

z

r

r 1

r 2

1
x + 2y + 3z = 6 ....... (1)
x + 3y + 5z = 9 ....... (2)
2x 5y z ........(3)
By (3) - 2(1) ,(3) - 2(2) we get
Say

y 6 z 12.......(4)
y ( 10)z 18......(5)

By (4) +(5) we get ( 8)z 15

8, R

unique solution

8, 15 no solution
8, 15 Infinity of solutions.

181

C 23 ( 1)

105

AAT=I since A is orthogonal

0 2 0 1 0 0
2 0 1 0
0 0 1
42 2
2 2
2
2 2 2

22 2
2 2 2
2 2 2

22 2 1 0 0

2 2 2 0 1 0
2 2 2 0 0 1

42 2 1......(i)
22 2 0......(ii)
2 2 2 1......(iii)
2 2 2 0......(iv)
By solving (i) ,(ii) ,(iii) ,(iv) we get

1
1
1
,
,
2
6
3

182

ANSWERS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21

(b)
(a)
(c)
(d)
(c)
(d)
(a)
(c)
(d)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(c)
(a)

22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42

(c)
(b)
(a)
(b)
(d)
(a)
(d)
(a)
(c)
(c)
(d)
(c)
(a)
(a)
(b)
(b)
(c)
(a)
(c)
(d)
(b)

43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63

(c)
64
(d) 83 (c)
(a)
65
(c) 84 (c)
(b) 66
(b) 85 (a)
(a) 67 (i) (d) 86 (i) (b)
(b) 67 (ii) (c) 86 (ii) (c)
(d) 67 (iii) (c) 87 (d)
(c)
68
(d) 88 (a)
(d) 69
(a) 89 (d)
(d) 70
(c) 90 (b)
(a)
71
(a) 91 (a)
(d) 72
(b) 92 (b)
(c)
73
(b) 93 (a)
(b) 74
(d) 94 (b)
(a)
75
(b) 95 (d)
(c)
76
(c) 96 (a)
(b) 77
(d) 97 (a)
(a)
78
(c) 98 (d)
(d) 79
(d) 99 (b)
(d) 80
(b) 100 (c)
(c)
81
(a) 101 (c)
(b) 82
(d) 102 (a)
103 (b)
104 (b)
105 (c)

183