Imp Study Material

SUPPORT STUDY
MATERIAL
XII Maths
Support Material,
Key Points, HOTS and VBQ
SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS
CLASS :XII
INDEX
Sl. No
Topics
Page No.
1.
Detail of the concepts
2.
Relations & Functions
3.
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
15
4.
Matrices & Determinants
19
5.
Continuity& Differentiability
27
6.
Application of derivative
33
7.
Indefinite Integrals
39
8.
Applications of Integration
46
9.
Differential Equations
50
10.
Vector Algebra
54
11.
Three Dimensional Geometry
61
12.
Linear Programming
69
13.
Probability
73
14.
Answers
79
15.
Bibliography
99
Topic wise Analysis of Examples and Questions

NCERT TEXT BOOK
Chapters
Concepts
Number of Questions for

revision
Questions
From Solved
Examples
Questions
From
Exercise
Total
01
Relations & Functions
15
25
40
02
05
09
14
03
Matrices & Determinants
06
25
31
04
Continuity& Differentiability
08
21
29
05
Application of Derivative
06
14
20
06
Indefinite Integrals
17
45
62
07
Applications of Integration
05
09
14
08
07
19
26
09
Vector Algebra
07
18
25
10
Three Dimensional Geometry
07
12
19
11
Linear Programming
09
12
21
12
Probability
19
27
46
111
236
347
TOTAL
Detail of the concepts to be mastered by every child of class XII with

exercises and examples of NCERT Text Book.
SYMBOLS USED
* : Important Questions, ** :Very Important Questions,
*** : Very-Very Important Questions
S.No
Topic
Degree of
Refrences
importance NCERT Text Book XII Ed.
Concepts
2007
1
Relations &
Functions
Inverse
Trigonometric
Functions
Matrices &
Determinants
(i) .Domain , Co-domain &

Range of a relation
(ii).Types of relations
(iii).One-one , onto & inverse ofa
function
(iv).Composition of function
(v).Binary Operations
(i).Principal value branch Table
(ii). Properties of Inverse
Trigonometric Functions
(i) Order, Addition,
Multiplication and transpose of
matrices
(ii) Cofactors &Adjoint of a
matrix
(iii)Inverse of a matrix &
applications
(iv)To find difference between
A, adj A ,
kA, A.adjA
(v) Properties of Determinants
Continuity&
(i).Limit of a function
Differentiability (ii).Continuity
*
***
***
Ex 1.1 Q.No- 5,9,12

Ex 1.2 Q.No- 7,9
*
***
Ex 1.3 QNo- 7,9,13

Example 45
Ex 1.4 QNo- 5,11
Ex 2.1 QNo- 11, 14
Ex 2.2 QNo- 7,13, 15
Misc Ex Q.No.9,10,11,12
Ex 3.1 Q.No 4,6
Ex 3.2 Q.No 7,9,13,17,18
Ex 3.3 Q.No 10
Ex 4.4 Q.No 5
Ex 4.5 Q.No 12,13,17,18
Ex 4.6 Q.No 15,16
Example 29,30,32 ,33
MiscEx 4,Q.No4,5,8,12,15
Ex 4.1 Q.No 3,4,7,8
**
***
***
**
***
**
(iii).Differentiation
*
***
*
(iv).Logrithmic Differentiation
(v) Parametric Differentiation
(vi). Second order derivatives
***
***
***
(Previous Knowledge)
Ex 4.2Q.No 11,12,13
Example 16,18
Ex 5.1 Q.No- 21, 26,30
Ex 5.2 Q.No- 6
Ex 5.3 Q.No- 4,7,13
Ex 5.5 Q.No- 6,9,10,15
Ex 5.6 Q.No- 7,8,10,11
Ex 5.7 Q.No- 14,16,17
(vii). M. V.Th
Application of (i).Rate of change
Derivative.
(ii).Increasing & decreasing
functions
(iii).Tangents & normal
(iv).Approximations
(v) Maxima & Minima
Indefinite
Integrals
**
*
***
Ex 5.8 Q.No- 3,4

Example 5Ex 6.1 Q.No- 9,11
Ex 6.2 ,Q.No- 6 Example 12,13
**
*
***
Ex 6.3 ,Q.No- 5,8,13,15,23

Ex 6.4,Q.No- 1,3
Ex 6.5, Q.No- 8,22,23,25
Example 35,36,37
Exp 5&6 Page301,303
Ex 7 Page 306, Exercise
7.4Q13&Q24
(i) Integration by substitution

(ii) Application of trigonometric
function in integrals
*
**
(iii) Integration of some

particular function
dx
dx
,
,
2
2
x a
x2 a2
1
dx
dx ,
ax 2 bx c
a2 x2
,
dx
,
ax 2 bx c
(px q)dx
,
ax 2 bx c
(px q)dx
***
Edition Exp 8, 9, 10 Page

311,312Exercise 7.4 Q
3,4,8,9,13&23
ax 2 bx c
(iv) Integration using Partial
Fraction
***
(v) Integration by Parts
**
EditionExp 11&12 Page 318

Exp 13 319,Exp 14 & 15
Page320
Exp 18,19&20 Page 325
(vi)Some Special Integrals
***
Exp 23 &24 Page 329
***
***
Solved Ex.41
Exp 25 &26 Page 333, 334
Q3, Q5 & Q6 Exercise 7.8
Exp 31 Page 343*,Exp
32*,34&35 page 344 Exp
36*Exp 346 Exp 44 page351
Exercise 7.11 Q17 & 21
**
Exp 30 Page 343,Exp 43 Page
Definite
Integrals
a 2 x 2 dx ,
x 2 a 2 dx
(vii) Miscellaneous Questions

(ix) Definite integrals as a limit
of sum
(x) Properties of definite
Integrals
(xi) Integration of modulus

5
**
8.
9.
Applications
of
Integration
Differential
Equations
Vector
Algebra
function
(i)Area under Simple Curves
(ii) Area of the region enclosed
between Parabola and line
(iii) Area of the region enclosed
between Ellipse and line
*
***
351 Q5& Q6 Exercise 7.11

Ex.8.1 Q.1,2,5
Ex. 8.1 Q 10,11 Misc.Ex. Q 7
***
Example 8, page 369Misc.Ex.

8
(iv) Area of the region enclosed

between Circle and line
(v) Area of the region enclosed
between Circle and parabola
(vi) Area of the region enclosed
between Two Circles
(vii) Area of the region
enclosed between Two
parabolas
(viii) Area of triangle when
vertices are given
(ix) Area of triangle when sides
are given
(x) Miscellaneous Questions
***
Ex. 8.1 Q 6
***
Ex 8.2 Q1, Misc.Ex.Q 15
***
***
Example 10, page370Ex 8.2

Q2
Example 6, page36
***
Example 9, page370Ex 8.2 Q4
***
Ex 8.2 Q5 ,Misc.Ex. Q 14
***
(i) Order and degree of a

differential equation
2.General and particular
solutions of a differential
equation
3.Formation of differential
equation whose general solution
is given
4.Solution of differential
equation by the method of
separation of variables
5.Homogeneous differential
equation of first order and first
degree
Solution of differential equation
of the type dy/dx +py=q where
p and q are functions of x
And solution of differential
equation of the type
dx/dy+px=q where p and q are
functions of y
(i)Vector and scalars
(ii)Direction ratio and direction
***
Example 10,
page374Misc.Ex.Q 4, 12
Q. 3,5,6 pg 382
**
Ex. 2,3 pg384
Q. 7,8,10 pg 391
Q.4,6,10 pg 396
**
Q. 3,6,12 pg 406
***
Q.4,5,10,14 pg 413,414
*
*
Q2 pg 428
Q 12,13 pg 440
cosines
(iii)Unit vector
(iv)Position vector of a point
and collinear vectors
10
Three
Dimensional
Geometry
(v)Dot product of two vectors

(vi)Projection of a vector
(vii)Cross product of two
vectors
(viii)Area of a triangle
(ix)Area of a parallelogram
(i)Direction Ratios and
Direction Cosines
**
***
**
(ii)Cartesian and Vector

equation of a line in space &
conversion of one into another
form
(iii) Co-planer and skew lines
(iv)Shortest distance between
two lines
(v)Cartesian and Vector
equation of a plane in space &
conversion of one into another
form
**
(vi)Angle Between
(i)
Two lines
(ii)
Two planes
(iii) Line & plane
11
Linear
Programmin
g
**
**
*
*
*
*
***
**
*
*
**
(vii)Distance of a point from a

plane
(viii)Distance measures parallel
to plane and parallel to line
(ix)Equation of a plane through
the intersection of two planes
(x)Foot of perpendicular and
image with respect to a line and
plane
(i) LPP and its Mathematical
Formulation
(ii) Graphical method of solving
LPP (bounded and unbounded
solutions)
**
Ex 6,8 Pg 436
Q 15 Pg 440
Q 11 Pg440
Q 16 Pg448
Q6 ,13 Pg445
Ex 16 Pg 445
Q 12 Pg458
Q 9 Pg 454
Q 10 Pg 455
Ex No 2 Pg -466
Ex No 5 Pg 467
Ex No 14 Pg - 480
Ex No 8 Pg -470
Q N. 6, 7, - Pg 477
QN 9 Pg 478
Ex No 29 Pg -496
Ex No 12 Pg -476
Q N. 16, 17 - Pg 478
Ex No 17 Pg -482
Ex No 18 Pg 484
Ex No 19 Pg 485
Ex No 27 Pg 495
Q N. 19, 20 - Pg 499
Ex No 9 Pg -472
Q N. 11 - Pg 478
Ex No 26 Pg 494
Q N. 12 - Pg 494
Ex No 25 Pg - 492
Q No 18 Pg -499
Q No 14 Pg 494
**
***
Q No 10 Pg -493
**
Ex. N 16 Pg 481
**
Articles 12.2 and 12.2.1
**
Article 12.2.2
Solved Examples 1 to 5
Q. Nos 5 to 8 Ex.12.1
12
Probability
(iii) Types of problems

(a) Diet Problem
***
(b) Manufacturing Problem
***
(c) Allocation Problem
**
(d) Transportation Problem
(e) Miscellaneous Problems

(i) Conditional Probability
**
***
(ii)Multiplication theorem on
probability
**
(iii) Independent Events
***
(iv) Bayes theorem, partition of

sample space and Theorem of
total probability
***
(v) Random variables &

probability distribution
Mean & variance of random
variables
***
(vi) Bernoulli,s trials and

Binomial Distribution
***
Q. Nos 1, 2 and 9 Ex. 12.2

Solved Example 9
Q. Nos 2 and 3 Misc. Ex.
Solved Example 8
Q. Nos 3,4,5,6,7 of Ex. 12.2
Solved Example10
Q. Nos 4 & 10 Misc. Ex.
Solved Example 7
Q. No 10 Ex.12.2,
Q. No 5 & 8 Misc. Ex.
Solved Example11
Q. No 8 Ex. 12.2
Article 13.2 and 13.2.1
Q. Nos 1 and 5 to 15 Ex. 13.1
Article 13.3
SolvedExamples 8 & 9
Q. Nos 2, 3, 13 14 & 16
Ex.13.2
Article 13.4
Q. Nos 1, 6, 7, 8 and 11
Ex.13.2
Articles 13.5, 13.5.1, 13.5.2
Solved Examples 15 to 21, 33
& 37 ,Q. Nos 1 to 12 Ex.13.3
Articles 13.6, 13.6.1, 13.6.2
& 13.6.2
Q. Nos 1 & 4 to 15 Ex. 13.4
Articles 13.7, 13.7.1 & 13.7.2
Solved Examples 31 & 32
Q. Nos 1 to 13 Ex.13.5
TOPIC 1
RELATIONS & FUNCTIONS
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
Topic
Concepts
Relations &
Functions
(i).Domain , Co domain &

Range of a relation
(ii).Types of relations
(iii).One-one , onto & inverse
of a function
(v).Binary Operations
Degree of
References
importance NCERT Text Book XII Ed. 2007
(Previous Knowledge)
*
***
***
Ex 1.1 Q.No- 5,9,12

Ex 1.2 Q.No- 7,9
*
***
Ex 1.3 QNo- 7,9,13

Example 45
Ex 1.4 QNo- 5,11
SOME IMPORTANT RESULTS/CONCEPTS

** A relation R in a set A is called
(i) reflexive, if (a, a) R, for every a A,
(ii) symmetric, if (a1, a2) R implies that (a2, a1) R, for all a1, a2 A.
(iii)transitive, if (a1, a2) R and (a2, a3) R implies that (a1, a3) R, for all a1, a2, a3 A.
** Equivalence Relation : R is equivalence if it is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
** Function :A relation f : A B is said to be a function if every element of A is correlatedto unique
element in B.
* A is domain
* B is codomain
* For any x element x A, function f correlates it to an element in B, which is denoted by f(x)and is
called image of x under f . Again if y= f(x), then x is called as pre-image of y.
* Range = {f(x) | x A }. Range Codomain
* The largest possible domain of a function is called domain of definition.
**Composite function :
Let two functions be defined as f : A B and g : B C. Then we can define a function
: A C by setting (x) = g{f(x)} where x A, f (x) B, g{f(x)} C. This function
: A C is called the composite function of f and g in that order and we write. = gof.
A
f
x
C
(x)
g
f(x)
g{f(x)}
** Different type of functions : Let f : A B be a function.

* f is one to one (injective) mapping, if any two different elements in A is always correlated to
different elements in B, i.e. x1 x2 f(x1) f(x2)or, f(x1) = f(x2) x1 =x2
* f is many one mapping, if at least two elements in A such that their images are same.
* f is onto mapping (subjective), if each element in B is having at least one preimage.
*f is into mapping if range codomain.
* f is bijective mapping if it is both one to one and onto.
** Binary operation : A binary operation * on a set A is a function * : A A A. We denote
*(a, b) by a *b.
* A binary operation * on A is a rule that associates with every ordered pair (a, b) of A x A a
unique element a *b.
* An operation * on a is said to be commutative iff a * b = b * a a, b A.
* An operation * on a is said to be associative iff (a * b) * c = a * (b * c) a, b, c A.
* Given a binary operation * : A A A, an element e A, if it exists, is called identity for the
operation *, if a *e = a = e *a, a A.
* Given a binary operation * : A A A with the identity element e in A, an element a A is said
to be invertible with respect to the operation*, if there exists an element b in A such that
a b = e = b a and b is called the inverse of a and is denoted by a1.
ASSIGNMENTS
(i) Domain , Co domain & Range of a relation
LEVEL I
1. If A = {1,2,3,4,5}, write the relation a R b such that a + b = 8, a ,b A. Write the domain,
range & co-domain.
2. Define a relation R on the set N of natural numbers by
R={(x , y) : y = x +7, x is a natural number lesst han 4 ; x, y N}.
Write down the domain and the range.
2. Types of relations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
LEVEL II
Let R be the relation in the set N given by R = {(a , b)| a = b 2 , b > 6}
Whether the relation is reflexive or not ?justify your answer.
Show that the relation R in the set N given by R = {(a , b)| a is divisible by b , a , b N}
is reflexive and transitive but not symmetric.
Let R be the relation in the set N given by R = {(a ,b)| a > b} Show that the relation is neither
reflexive nor symmetric but transitive.
Let R be the relation on R defined as (a , b) R iff 1+ ab> 0 a,b R.
(a) Show that R is symmetric.
(b) Show that R is reflexive.
(c) Show that R is not transitive.
Check whether the relation R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
R = { (x , y)| x 3y = 0} on A ={1, 2, 3.13, 14}.
10
LEVEL III
1. Show that the relation R on A ,A = { x| x Z , 0 x 12 } ,
R = {(a ,b): |a - b| is multiple of 3.} is an equivalence relation.
2.Let N be the set of all natural numbers & R be the relation on N N defined by
{ (a , b) R (c , d) iff a + d = b + c}. Show that R is an equivalence relation.
3. Show that the relation R in the set A of all polygons as:
R ={(P1,P2), P1& P2 have the same number of sides} is an equivalence relation. What
is the set of all elements in A related to the right triangle T with sides 3,4 & 5 ?
4. Show that the relation R on A ,A = { x| x Z , 0 x 12 } ,
R = {(a ,b): |a - b| is multiple of 3.} is an equivalence relation.
5. Let N be the set of all natural numbers & R be the relation on N N defined by
{ (a , b) R (c ,d) iff a + d = b + c}. Show that R is an equivalence relation. [CBSE 2010]
6. Let A = Set of all triangles in a plane and R is defined by R={(T1,T2) : T1,T2 A & T1~T2 }
Show that the R is equivalence relation. Consider the right angled s, T1 with size 3,4,5;
T2 with size 5,12,13; T3 with side 6,8,10; Which of the pairs are related?
(iii)One-one , onto & inverse of a function

LEVEL I
1. If f(x) = x 2 x 2 , then find f(1/x).
2 Show that the function f: RR defined by f(x)=x2 is neither one-one nor onto.
3
4
Show that the function f: NN given by f(x)=2x is one-one but not onto.
1, if x 0
Show that the signum function f: RR given by: f ( x ) 0, if x 0

1, if x 0
is neither one-one nor onto.

5 Let A = {-1,0,1} and B = {0,1}. State whether the function f : A B defined by f(x) = x2
isbijective .
x 1
6. Let f(x) =
, x -1,then find f-1(x)
x 1
LEVEL II
1. Let A = {1,2,3}, B = {4,5,6,7} and let f = {(1,4),(2,5), (3,6)} be a function from A to B.
State whether f is one-one or not.
[CBSE2011]
2x 7
2. If f : RR defined as f(x) =
is an invertible function . Find f -1(x).
4
3. Write the number of all one-one functions on the set A={a, b, c} to itself.
4. Show that function f :RR defined by f(x)= 7 2x3 for all x R is bijective.
3x 5
5. If f: RR is defined by f(x)=
. Find f -1.
2
11
LEVEL III
2x 1
1. Show that the function f: RR defined by f(x) =
.x R is one- one & onto function. Also
3
find the f -1.
2. Consider a function f :R+[-5, ) defined f(x) = 9x2 +6x 5. Show that f is invertible &
y 6 1
, where R+ = (0,).
3
3. Consider a function f: RR given by f(x) = 4x + 3. Show that f is invertible & f -1: RR
f -1(y) =
with f -1(y)=
4. Show that f: RR defined by f(x)= x3+4 is one-one, onto. Show that f -1 (x)=(x 4)1/3.
5. Let A R {3} and B R {1}. Consider the function f : A B defined by
x 2
1
[CBSE2012]
f (x)
. Show that f is one one onto and hence find f .
x
x 1, if x is odd
6. Show that f : N N defined by f ( x )
is both one one onto.
x 1, if x is even
[CBSE2012]
(iv) Composition of functions

LEVEL I
1. If f(x) = e and g(x) = log x , x > 0, find
(a) (f + g)(x)
(b) (f .g)(x)
(c) f o g ( x )
(d) g o f (x ).
x 1
1
1
1
, then show that (a) f = f(x) (b) f =
2. If f(x) =
x 1
x
x f (x)
LEVEL II
2x
1.
Let f, g : RR be defined by f(x)=|x| & g(x) = [x] where [x] denotes the greatest
integer function. Find f o g ( 5/2 ) & g o f (-2).
x 1
2. Let f(x) =
. Then find f(f(x))
x 1
3x 4
3. If y = f(x) =
, then find (fof)(x) i.e. f(y)
5x 3
4. Let f : R R be defined as f(x) = 10x +7.Find the function g : R Rsuch that
g f (x)= f g(x) = I R
[CBSE2011]
5. If f : R R be defined as f(x) =
1
3 3
3 x
, then find f f(x).
[CBSE2010]
6. Let f :RR& g : RR be defined as f(x) = x , g(x) = 2x 3 . Find fog(x).
2
12
(v)Binary Operations
1.
2.
LEVEL I
Let * be the binary operation on N given by a*b = LCM of a &b . Find 3*5.
Let *be the binary on N given by a*b =HCF of {a ,b} , a,b N. Find 20*16.
3.
Let * be a binary operation on the set Q of rational numbers defined as a * b =
ab
.
5
Write the identity of *, if any.

4. If a binary operation * on the set of integer Z , is defined by a * b = a + 3b2
Then find the value of 2 * 4.
LEVEL 2
1. Let A= NN & * be the binary operation on A defined by (a ,b) * (c ,d) = (a+c, b+d )
Show that * is (a) Commutative (b) Associative (c) Find identity for * on A, if any.
2. Let A = QQ. Let * be a binary operation on A defined by (a,b)*(c,d)= (ac , ad+b).
Find: (i) the identity element of A (ii) the invertible element of A.
3. Examine which of the following is a binary operation
ab
ab
(i) a * b =
; a, b N
(ii) a*b =
a, b Q
2
2
For binary operation check commutative & associative law.
LEVEL 3
1.Let A= NN & * be a binary operation on A defined by (a , b) (c , d) = (ac , bd)
(i) Find (2,3) * (4,1)
(a , b),(c , d) NN
(ii) Find [(2,3)*(4,1)]*(3,5) and (2,3)*[(4,1)* (3,5)] & show they are equal
(iii) Show that * is commutative & associative on A.
if a b 6
a b,
2. Define a binary operation * on the set {0,1,2,3,4,5} as a * b =
a b 6, a b 6
Show that zero in the identity for this operation & each element of the set is invertible
with 6 a being the inverse of a.
[CBSE2011]
3. Consider the binary operations :R R Rand o : R R R defined as a b = |a b|
and a o b = a, a, b R. Show that is commutative but not associative, o is associative but
not commutative.
[CBSE2012]
Questions for self evaluation

1. Show that the relation R in the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} given by R = {(a, b) : |a b| is even}, is an
equivalence relation. Show that all the elements of {1, 3, 5} are related to each other and all the
elements of {2, 4} are related to each other. But no element of {1, 3, 5} is related to any element
of {2, 4}.
2. Show that each of the relation R in the set A = {x Z : 0 x 12}, given by
R = {(a, b) : |a b| is a multiple of 4} is an equivalence relation. Find the set of all elements related
to 1.
13
3. Show that the relation R defined in the set A of all triangles as R = {(T1, T2) : T1 is similar to T2}, is
equivalence relation. Consider three right angle triangles T1 with sides 3, 4, 5, T2 with sides 5, 12,
13 and T3 with sides 6, 8, 10. Which triangles among T1, T2 and T3 are related?
4. If R1 and R2 are equivalence relations in a set A, show that R1 R2 is also an equivalence relation.
x2
5. Let A = R {3} and B = R {1}. Consider the function f : A B defined by f (x) =
.
x 3
Is f one-one and onto? Justify your answer.
6. Consider f :R+ [ 5, ) given by f (x) = 9x2 + 6x 5. Show that f is invertible and findf 1.
7. On R {1} a binary operation * is defined as a * b = a + b ab. Prove that * is commutative
and associative. Find the identity element for *.Also prove that every element of R {1} is
invertible.
8. If A = Q Q and * be a binary operation defined by (a, b) * (c, d) = (ac, b + ad),
for (a, b), (c, d) A .Then with respect to * on A
(i) examine whether * is commutative & associative
(i) find the identity element in A,
(ii) find the invertible elements of A.
14
TOPIC 2
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
Topic
Concepts
Degree of
References
importance NCERT Text Book XI Ed. 2007
**
Ex 2.1 QNo- 11, 14
(i).Principal value branch

Inverse
Trigonometric Table
Functions
(ii). Properties of Inverse
Trigonometric Functions
***
Ex 2.2 Q No- 7,13, 15

Misc Ex Q.No. 9,10,11,12

* Domain & Range of the Inverse Trigonomet ric Function :
Functions
Domain
Range Pr incipal value Branch
i.
sin 1 :
ii.
cos 1 :
iii.
cos ec 1 :
iv.
sec1 :
1,1
1,1
R 1,1
R 1,1
v.
tan 1 :
vi.
cot 1 :
* Properties of Inverse Trigonomet ric Function

1.

iii . tan tan x x & tan tan x x
v. sec sec x x & sec sec x x
1
1
& sin 1 x cos ec 1
x
x
1
1
iii . tan 1 x cot 1 & cot 1 x tan 1
x
x
1
1
3. i sin x sin x
4. i
ii. cos 1 cos x x & cos cos 1 x x
2. i.
iv. cot cot x x & cot cot x x

vi. cos ec cos ec x x & cos ec cos ec x x
sin 1 sin x x & sin sin 1 x x

1
sin 1 x cos ec 1
/ 2 , / 2
0,
/ 2 , / 2 0
0, / 2
/ 2 , / 2
0,
ii. cos 1 x sec 1
1
1
& sec 1 x cos 1
x
x
iv cos 1 x cos 1 x
ii. tan 1 x tan 1 x
v sec 1 x sec 1 x
iii . cos ec 1 x cos ec 1x
vi cot 1 x cot 1 x
sin 1 x cos 1 x
iii . cos ec 1x sec 1 x
ii. tan 1 x cot 1 x
15
2
2x
2x
1 1 x
sin 1
cos
5. 2 tan x tan
2
2
2
1 x
1 x
1 x
1
xy
if xy 1
6. tan 1 x tan 1 y tan 1
1 xy
xy
if xy 1
tan 1 x tan 1 y tan 1
1 xy
xy
tan 1 x tan 1 y tan 1

1 xy
if xy 1
ASSIGNMENTS
(i). Principal value branch Table
LEVEL I
Write the principal value of the following :
3
1. cos 1
3. tan 1 3
1
2. sin 1
2
1
4. cos 1
LEVEL II
Write the principal value of the following :

2
2
1. cos 1 cos sin 1 sin [CBSE 2011]

3
3
3. cos 1 cos
6
2. sin 1 sin
5
(ii). Properties of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

LEVEL I
1. Evaluate cot[tan
a cot
a]
2. Pr ove 3 sin 1 x sin 1 3x 4x 3
3. Find x if sec1 2 cos ec 1x
2
LEVEL II
2
1. Write the following in simplest form : tan 1 1 x 1 , x 0
16
8
3
77
sin 1 tan 1
17
5
36
1
1
1
1
3. Prove that tan 1 tan 1 tan 1 tan 1 .
3
5
7
8 4
1
1
31
4. Pr ove that 2 tan 1 tan 1 tan 1
2
7
17
36
8
3
5. Prove that sin 1 sin 1 cos 1
85
17
5
2. Prove that sin 1
[CBSE 2011]
[CBSE 2012]
LEVEL III
1 sin x 1 sin x x
, x 0,
1. Prove that cot 1
4
1 sin x 1 sin x 2
1 x 1 x 1
cos 1 x
2. Prove that tan 1
4 2
1
[CBSE 2011]
3. Solve tan1 2x tan1 3x / 4

4. Solve tan 1x 1 tan 1x 1 tan 1
8
31
x 1
x 1
tan 1
x2
x2 4
cos x x

6. Prove that tan 1
, x ,
1 sin x 4 2
2 2
5.Solve tan 1
[CBSE 2012]

1. Prove that sin 1
5
3
63
cos 1 tan 1
13
5
16
1 x 1 x 1
cos 1 x,
2. Prove that tan 1
4 2
1
x
1
x
12
4
63
3. Prove that sin 1 cos 1 tan 1
13
5
16
4. Prove that tan1 1 tan1 2 tan1 3
x
xy

5. Prove that tan 1 tan
y
xy 4
1 x
6. Write in the simplest form cos 2 tan 1
1 x
17
1
x
, 1
2
7. Solve tan 1
x 1
x 1
tan 1
x2
x2 4
8. Solve tan1 2x tan 1 3x / 4
18
TOPIC 3
MATRICES & DETERMINANTS
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
Topic
Matrices &
Determinants
Concepts
Degree of
importance
(i) Order, Addition,

Multiplication and transpose
of matrices
(ii) Cofactors &Adjoint of a
matrix
(iii)Inverse of a matrix &
applications
***
**
***
(iv)To find difference between

A, adj A ,
kA, A.adjA
(v) Properties of
Determinants
**
References
NCERT Text Book XI Ed. 2007
Ex 3.1 Q.No 4,6
Ex 3.2 Q.No 7,9,13,17,18
Ex 3.3 Q.No 10
Ex 4.4 Q.No 5
Ex 4.5 Q.No 12,13,17,18
Ex 4.6 Q.No 15,16
Example 29,30,32 ,33
MiscEx 4Q.No 4,5,8,12,15
Ex 4.1 Q.No 3,4,7,8
Ex 4.2Q.No 11,12,13
Example 16,18

A matrix is a rectangular array of m n numbers arranged in m rows and n columns.
a12 a1n
a11
a
a 22 a 2n
21
OR A = [a ij ]mn , where i = 1, 2,., m ; j = 1, 2,.,n.

A
a m2 a mn mn
a m1
* Row Matrix : A matrix which has one row is called row matrix. A [a ij ]1n
* Column Matrix : A matrix which has one column is called column matrix. A [a ij ]m 1 .
* Square Matrix: A matrix in which number of rows are equal to number of columns, is called a
square matrix A [a ij ]m m
* Diagonal Matrix : A square matrix is called a Diagonal Matrix if all the elements, except the diagonal
a ij = 0 , i j.
elements are zero. A [a ij ]n n , where
a ij 0 , i = j.
* Scalar Matrix: A square matrix is called scalar matrix it all the elements, except diagonal elements
are zero and diagonal elements are same non-zero quantity.
A [a ij ]n n , where a ij = 0 , i j.
a ij , i = j.
* Identity or Unit Matrix : A square matrix in which all the non diagonal elements are zero and diagonal
elements are unity is called identity or unit matrix.
19
* Null Matrices : A matrices in which all element are zero.

* Equal Matrices : Two matrices are said to be equal if they have same order and all their
corresponding elements are equal.
* Transpose of matrix : If A is the given matrix, then the matrix obtained by interchanging the rows
and columns is called the transpose of a matrix.\
* Properties of Transpose :
If A & B are matrices such that their sum & product are defined, then
(i). A T A
T
(ii). A B AT BT
(iii). KAT K.AT where K is a scalar.
(iv). AB BT A T (v). ABC CT BT AT .

* Symmetric Matrix : A square matrix is said to be symmetric if A = AT
T
i.e. If A [a ij ]m m , then
a ij a ji for all i, j. Also elements of the symmetric matrix are symmetric about the main diagonal
* Skew symmetric Matrix : A square matrix is said to be skew symmetric if AT = -A.
If A [a ij ]m m , then a ij a ji for all i, j.
*Singular matrix:A square matrix A of order n is said to be singular, if | A| = 0.
* Non -Singular matrix : A square matrix A of order n is said to be non-singular, if | A| 0.

*Product of matrices:
(i)
If A & B are two matrices, then product AB is defined, if
Number of column of A = number of rows of B.

i.e. A [a ij ]m n , B [b jk ]n p then AB = AB [Cik ]m p .
(ii)
Product of matrices is not commutative. i.e. AB BA.
(iii)
Product of matrices is associative. i.e A(BC) = (AB)C
(iv)
Product of matrices is distributive over addition.
*Adjoint of matrix :
If A [a ij ] be a n-square matrix then transpose of a matrix [A ij ] ,
where A ij is the cofactor of A ij element of matrix A, is called the adjoint of A.
Adjoint of A = Adj. A = [A ij ]T .
A(Adj.A) = (Adj. A)A = | A| I.
*Inverse of a matrix :Inverse of a square matrix A exists, if A is non-singular or square matrix
A is said to be invertible and A-1= 1 Adj.A
A
*System of Linear Equations :
a1x + b1y + c1z = d1.
a2x + b2y + c2z = d2.
a3x + b3y + c3z = d3.
20
a1 b 2 c1 x d1
a b c y d A X = B X = A-1B ; { | A | 0}.
2
2
2
2
a 3 b 3 c3 z d 3
*Criteria of Consistency.
(i) If |A| 0, then the system of equations is said to be consistent & has a unique solution.
(ii) If |A| = 0 and (adj. A)B = 0, then the system of equations is consistent and has infinitely
many solutions.
(iii) If |A| = 0 and (adj. A)B 0, then the system of equations is inconsistent and has no solution.
* Determinant :
To every square matrix we can assign a number called determinant
If A = [a11], det. A = | A | = a11.
a
a
If A = 11 12 ,
|A| = a11a22 a21a12.
a 21 a 22
* Properties :
(i) The determinant of the square matrix A is unchanged when its rows and columns are interchanged.
(ii) The determinant of a square matrix obtained by interchanging two rows(or two columns) is negative
of given determinant.
(iii) If two rows or two columns of a determinant are identical, value of the determinant is zero.
(iv) If all the elements of a row or column of a square matrix A are multiplied by a non-zero number k,
then determinant of the new matrix is k times the determinant of A.
If elements of any one column(or row) are expressed as sum of two elements each, then determinant
can be written as sum of two determinants.
Any two or more rows(or column) can be added or subtracted proportionally.
If A & B are square matrices of same order, then |AB| = |A| |B|
ASSIGNMENTS
(i). Order, Addition, Multiplication and transpose of matrices:
LEVEL I
If a matrix has 5 elements, what are the possible orders it can have?
2. Construct a 3 2 matrix whose elements are given by aij = |i 3j |
1.
3.
If A = 0
4. If A = 0
1 , B= 0
1and B = [
1,
[CBSE 2011]
then find A 2 B.
] , write the order of AB and BA.
LEVEL II
1. For the following matrices A and B, verify (AB)T = BTAT,
where
A= [
], B=,
2. Give example of matrices A & B such that AB = O, but BA O, where O is a zero matrix and
21
A, B are both non zero matrices.

3. If B is skew symmetric matrix, write whether the matrix (ABAT) is
Symmetric or skew symmetric.
4. If A = 0
1 and I = 0
1, find a and b so that A2 + aI = bA
LEVEL III
A =[
1. If
], then find the value of A23A + 2I
2. Express the matrix A as the sum of a symmetric and a skew symmetric matrix, where:
A= [
If A = 0
3.
]
(
1, prove that An = [
] , n N
(ii) Cofactors &Adjoint of a matrix

LEVEL I
1. Find the co-factor of a12
in A = |
2. Find the adjoint of the matrix A = 0
LEVEL II
Verify A(adjA) = (adjA) A = | |I if
1. 1. A = 0
2.
1. 2. A = [
2. (iii)Inverse of a Matrix & Applications

LEVEL I
1.
If A = 0
1, write A-1 in terms of A
CBSE 2011
2.
If A is square matrix satisfying A = I, then what is the inverse of A ?
3.
For what value of k , the matrix A = 0
1 is not invertible ?
LEVEL II
1. If A = 0
2.
1, show that A2 5A 14I = 0. Hence find A-1
If A, B, C are three non zero square matrices of same order, find the condition
on A such that AB = AC B = C.
22
Find
3.
the number of all possible matrices A of order 3 3 with each entry 0 or 1 and for
which A [ ] = [ ] has exactly two distinct solutions.
LEVEL III
1
If A = [
], find A-1 and hence solve the following system of equations:
2x 3y + 5z = 11,
3x + 2y 4z = - 5, x + y 2z = - 3
2. Using matrices, solve the following system of equations:
a. x + 2y - 3z = - 4
2x + 3y + 2z = 2
3x - 3y 4z = 11
[CBSE 2011]
b. 4x + 3y + 2z = 60
x + 2y + 3z = 45
6x + 2y + 3z = 70
[CBSE 2011]
3. Find the product AB, where A = [
], B = [
] and use it to
solve the equations x y = 3, 2x + 3y + 4z = 17, y + 2z = 7

- +
=4
+
= 0
= 2
5. Using elementary transformations, find the inverse of the matrix

[
(iv)To Find The Difference Between | | |
||
LEVEL I
1. Evaluate |
|[CBSE 2011]
2.
What is the value of | | , where I is identity matrix of order 3?
3.
If A is non singular matrix of order 3 and | | = 3, then find |
4.
For what valve of a,
1 is a singular matrix?
LEVEL II
| = 64, find | |
1. If A is a square matrix of order 3 such that |
2. If A is a non singular matrix of order 3 and | | = 7, then find |
23
LEVEL III
1 and | |3 = 125, then find a.
1.
If A =0
2.
A square matrix A, of order 3, has | | = 5, find |
(v).Properties of Determinants
LEVEL I
1. 1. Find positive valve of x if |
2. 2. Evaluate |
| = |
LEVEL II
1. Using properties of determinants, prove the following :
bc
ca
b 4abc
c
ab
b
c
1 a 2 b2
2ab
2ab
2b
1 a b
2a
2.
3. |
4.
[CBSE 2012]
2b
2a
1 a 2 b2
1 a 2 b2
| = (1 + pxyz)(x - y)(y - z) (z - x)
1
a
1
b
a 3 b3
LEVEL III
1
c (a b)(b c)(c a )(a b c) [CBSE 2012]
c3
1. Using properties of determinants, solve the following for x :

a. |
| = 0
b. |
| = 0
c. |
| = 0
[CBSE 2011]
[CBSE 2011]
[CBSE 2011]
2. If a, b, c, are positive and unequal, show that the following determinant is negative:
=|
|
24
a2 1
3.
4.
ab
ca
ab
ac
b 1
bc 1 a 2 b 2 c 2
cb
c2 1
2
a
b
c
a b b c c a a 3 b 3 c 3 3abc
[CBSE 2012]
bc ca ab
b 2c 2
5.
6.
2 2
c a
a 2b2
bc b c
ca c a 0
ab a b
bc
b 2 bc c 2 bc
a 2 ac
ac
c 2 ac (ab bc ca ) 3
a 2 ab b 2 ab
ab
(b+c)2
7. | ab
ac
ab
(a+c)2
bc
ca
bc | = 2abc( a + b + c)3
(a+b)2
q
q
p
p
r
r
If p, q, r are not in G.P and
1
0, show that p 2 2p r 0 .
q
q
p q q r
0
1
8.
bc ca
9.
If a, b, c are real numbers, and
ab
ca a b bc 0
a b bc ca
Show that either a + b +c = 0 or a = b = c.
QUESTIONS FOR SELF EVALUTION

bc
qr
yz
p x
1. Using properties of determinants, prove that : c a r p z x 2 b q

ab pq x y
c r
25
y
z
1 a 2 b2
2ab
2ab
2b
1 a b
2a
2. Using properties of determinants, prove that :
a2 1
3. Using properties of determinants, prove that : ab

ca
3
4. .Express A = 4
ab
2b
2
2a
1 a 2 b2
1 a 2 b2
ac
b 1
bc 1 a 2 b 2 c 2
cb
c2 1
2
3
3 as the sum of a symmetric and a skew-symmetric matrix.
4 5
2
5
1 4
1 2n 4n
5. Let A =
, prove by mathematical induction that : A n
.
3
1 2n
1
n
3 1
6. If A =
, find x and y such that A2 + xI = yA. Hence find A 1 .
7 5
0
7. Let A=
tan
2
tan
2 and I 1 0 . Prove that I A (I A) cos sin .
0 1
sin cos
8. Solve the following system of equations : x + 2y + z = 7,
x + 3z = 11,
2x 3y = 1.
4
4 4
1 1 1
9. Find the product AB, where A = 7 1

3 and B 1 2 2 and use it to solve
5 3 1
2 1
3
the equations
x y + z = 4,
x 2y 2z = 9,
2x + y + 3z = 1.
2 1 3 2 1 2
10. Find the matrix P satisfying the matrix equation
P
.
3 2 5 3 2 1
26
TOPIC 4
CONTINUITY AND DIFFRENTIABILITY
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
Topic
Concepts
Degree of Refrences
Continuity&
1.Limit of a function
Differentiability 2.Continuity
3.Differentiation
***
*
4.Logrithmic Differentiation
5 Parametric Differentiation
6. Second order derivatives
7. Mean Value Theorem
***
***
***
**
Ex 5.1 Q.No- 21, 26,30

Ex 5.2 Q.No- 6
Ex 5.3 Q.No- 4,7,13
Ex 5.5 QNo- 6,9,10,15
Ex 5.6 QNo- 7,8,10,11
Ex 5.7 QNo- 14,16,17
Ex 5.8 QNo- 3,4

* A function f is said to be continuous at x = a if
Left hand limit = Right hand limit = value of

the function at x = a
i.e. lim f (x ) lim f ( x ) f (a )
x a
x a
i.e. lim f (a h) lim f (a h) f (a ) .

h 0
h 0
* A function is said to be differentiable at x = a

if Lf (a ) Rf (a ) i.e
f (a h ) f (a )
f (a h ) f ( a )
lim
lim
h 0
h 0
h
h
d
(xn) = n xn - 1.
dx
d
(ii)
(x) = 1
dx
d
(iii)
(c)
= 0, c R
dx
d
(iv)
(ax) = ax log a, a > 0, a 1.
dx
d
(v)
(ex) = ex.
dx
1
d
(vi)
(logax) =,
a > 0, a 1, x
dx
x log a
d
1
(vii)
(log x) = , x > 0
dx
x
(i)
(xiii)
d
(cot x) = cosec2x, x R.
dx
d
(sec x) = sec x tan x, x R.
dx
d
(xv)
(cosec x) = cosec x cot x, x R.
dx
1
d
(xvi)
(sin-1x) =
.
dx
1- x2
(xiv)
(xvii)
d
-1
(cos-1x) =
.
dx
1- x2
d
1
(tan-1x) =
, xR
dx
1 x2
1
d
(xix)
(cot-1x) =
, x R.
dx
1 x2
1
d
(xx)
(sec-1x) =
,.
dx
| x | x 2 1
(xviii)
1
d
(cosec-1x) =
.
dx
| x | x 2 1
x
d
(xxii)
(| x |) =
,x0
dx
|x|
d
du
(xxiii)
(ku) = k
dx
dx
d
u v du dv
(xxiv)
dx
dx dx
(xxi)
27
1
d
(loga| x |) =
, a > 0, a 1, x 0
dx
x log a
1
d
(ix)
(log | x | ) = , x 0
dx
x
(xxv)
(viii)
(xxvi)
d
(sin x) = cos x, x R.
dx
d
(xi)
(cos x) = sin x, x R.
dx
d
(xii)
(tan x) = sec2x, x R.
dx
d
dv
du
(u.v) = u
v
dx
dx
dx
d u

dx v
du
dv
u
dx
dx
2
v
(x)
2.Continuity
LEVEL-I
1.Examine the continuity of the function f(x)=x2 + 5 at x=-1.
2. Examine the continuity of the function f(x)=
1
,x R.
x3
3. Show that f(x)=4x is a continuous for all x R.

LEVEL-II
1. Give an example of a function which is continuous at x=1,but not differentiable at x=1.
kx 2 , if x 2
2. For what value of k,the function
is continuous at x=2.
3, if x 2
3.Find the relationship between a and b so that the function f defined by:
[CBSE 2011]
ax + 1 if x 3
f(x)=
is continuous at x=3.
bx + 3 if x > 3
sin 3x
, when x 0
4. If f(x)= x
. Find whether f(x) is continuous at x=0.
, when x 0
1
LEVEL-III
1 cos 4x
,x0
1.For what value of k, the function f(x)= 8x 2
is continuous at x=0?
k
,x0
2x 3 sin x
2. If function f(x)=
, for x 0 is continuous at x=0, then Find f(0).
3x 2 sin x
28
1 sin 3 x
, if x
2
2
3 cos x
= If f(x) be a continuous function at x= , find a and b.
3.Let f(x)
if x
a
2
2
b
(
1
sin
x
)
if x
2
2
( 2x )
sin x x cos x
, when x 0 continuous at x= 0?
x
k
, when x 0
4.For what value of k,is the function f(x) =
3.Differentiation
LEVEL-I
1. Discuss the differentiability of the function f(x)=(x-1)2/3 at x=1.
2.Differentiate y=tan-1
2x
1 x2
( x 3)(x 2 4)
dy
3. If y=
, Find
.
2
3x 4 x 5
dx
LEVEL-II
1. Find
dy
, y = cos(log x)2.
dx
2. Find
1 x 2 1
dy
of y= tan 1
x
dx
3.If y=eaxsin bx, then prove that

4.Find
d2 y
dy
2a +(a2+b2)y=0.
2
dx
dx
d2 y
2at 2
3at
,
if
y=
,
x=
.
1 t
dx 2
1 t
LEVEL-III
1.Find
1 x2 1 x2
dy
, if y = tan 1
dx
1 x 2 1 x 2
2.Find
1 sin x 1 sin x
dy
y = cot 1
, 0<x< .
2
dx
1 sin x 1 sin x
2
2
a b cos x
3. If y sin 1
, show that dy = b a .
b a cos x
b a cos x
dx
29
4.Prove that
2x
d 1
x2 2 x 1
1
log 2
tan 1
2
dx 4 2
x 2 x 1 2 2
1 x
1
.

4
1 x
LEVEL-I
1.Differentiate y=log7(log x).
2. Differentiate , sin(log x),with respect to x.
3.Differentiate y=
(
)
LEVEL-II
dy
1. If y. x 2 1 =log[ x 2 1 -x],show that (x2 +1)
+xy+1=0.
dx
dy
2. Find
, y = cos(log x)2.
dx
dy
3. Find
if (cosx)y = (cosy)x [CBSE 2012]
dx
LEVEL-III
dy y
1.If x p .y q ( x y) pq , prove that
dx x
2. y = log x cos x
x2 1
3. If
Show that
4. Find
x 1
2
, find
dy
dx
[CBSE 2011]
)+
dy
2x 2 3
when y x cot x 2
[CBSE 2012]
dx
x x2
5 Parametric Differentiation
LEVEL-II
1.If y = tanx, prove that
2. .If x = a cos log tan and

3. If x = tan.
at
y a sin find
/, show that (
[CBSE 2011]
6. Second order derivatives

LEVEL-II
30
.
4
1. If y = a cos (log x) + b sin(log x), prove that
2
dy
2d y
x
x
y 0.
2
dx
dx
2.If y=(sin-1 x)2, prove that (1-x2)
d y dy
-x
=2
dx 2 dx
3/2
3.If (
) + (
dy
1
dx
) = c2for some c>0.Prove that

d2 y
dx 2
is a constant, independent
7. Mean Value Theorem

LEVEL-II
1.It is given that for the function f(x)=x3-6x2+px+q on[1,3] , Rolles theorem holds with
c=2+
1
. Find the values p and q.
3
2. Verify Rolles theorem for the function f(x) = sinx, in [0, ].Find c, if verified
3.VeifyLagranges mean Value Theorem f(x) =
in the interval [2,4]

1.For what value of k is the following function continuous at x = 2 ?
2 x 1 ; x 2
f (x)
k;x2
3x 1 ; x 2
3ax b, if x 1
2.If f(x) = 11
if x 1 , continuous at x = 1, find the values of a and b.[CBSE 2012 Comptt.]
5ax - 2b , if x 1
3. Discuss the continuity of f(x) = x 1 x 2 at x = 1 & x = 2.
4. If f(x), defined by the following is continuous at x = 0, find the values of a, b, c
sin(a 1) x sin x , x 0
x
f (x) c
,x0
x bx 2 x
,x0
bx 3 / 2
5.If x = a cos log tan and

2
6. If y = log x cos x
x2 1
x 2 1
, find
y a sin find
dy
.
dx
31
dy
at .
4
dx
7. If xy + y2 = tanx + y , find
8. If y =
dy
.
dx
1
1
x 2 1 log 1 2
x
x
dy
, find
.
dx
9.If 1 x 2 1 y 2 = a(x y) , prove that

10. Find
1 y2
.
1 x2
dy
=
dx
dy
if (cosx)y = (cosy)x
dx
11.If y = a cos (log x) + b sin(log x), prove that x 2
d2y
dx
12.If x p .y q ( x y) pq , prove that
dy y
.
dx x
32
dy
y 0.
dx
TOPIC 5
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
Topic
Concepts
Application of 1.Rate of change

Derivative.
Degree of Refrences
Example 5
Ex 6.1 Q.No- 9,11
2.Increasing & decreasing

functions
3.Tangents & normals
***
Ex 6.2 Q.No- 6 Example 12,13
**
Ex 6.3 Q.No- 5,8,13,15,23
4.Approximations
5 Maxima & Minima
*
***
Ex 6.4 QNo- 1,3

Ex 6.5Q.No- 8,22,23,25
Example 35,36,37,

** Whenever one quantity y varies with another quantity x, satisfying some rule y = f (x) , then
dy
(or f (x))
dx
dy
represents the rate of change of y with respect to x and

(or f (x0)) represents the rate of change
dx x x o
of y with respect to x at x = x0 .
** Let I be an open interval contained in the domain of a real valued function f. Then f is said to be
(i) increasing on I if x1 < x2 in I f (x1) f (x2) for all x1, x2 I.
(ii) strictly increasing on I if x1 < x2 in I f (x1) < f (x2) for all x1, x2 I.
(iii) decreasing on I if x1 < x2 in I f (x1) f (x2) for all x1, x2 I.
(iv) strictly decreasing on I if x1 < x2 in I f (x1) > f (x2) for all x1, x2 I.
** (i) f is strictly increasing in (a, b) if f (x) > 0 for each x (a, b)
(ii) f is strictly decreasing in (a, b) if f (x) < 0 for each x (a, b)
(iii) A function will be increasing (decreasing) in R if it is so in every interval of R.
dy
f (x 0 ) .
** Slope of the tangent to the curve y = f (x) at the point (x0, y0) is given by
dx ( x 0 , y 0 )
** The equation of the tangent at (x0, y0) to the curve y = f (x) is given by y y0 = f ( x 0 ) (x x0).
** Slope of the normal to the curve y = f (x) at (x0, y0) is
1
.
f ( x 0 )
** The equation of the normal at (x0, y0) to the curve y = f (x) is given by y y0 =
1
(x x0).
f ( x 0 )
** If slope of the tangent line is zero, then tan = 0 and so = 0 which means the tangent line is parallel to the
33
x-axis. In this case, the equation of the tangent at the point (x0, y0) is given by y = y0.
** If
, then tan , which means the tangent line is perpendicular to the x-axis, i.e., parallel to the
2
y-axis. In this case, the equation of the tangent at (x0, y0) is given by x = x0 .
** Increment y in the function y = f(x) corresponding to increment x in x is given by y =
y
.
y
y
** Percentage error in y =
100 .
y
dy
x.
dx
** Relative error in y =
** Let f be a function defined on an interval I. Then

(a) f is said to have a maximum value in I, if there exists a point c in I such that f (c) f (x) , for all x I.
The number f (c) is called the maximum value of f in I and the point c is called a point of maximum value
of f in I.
(b) f is said to have a minimum value in I, if there exists a point c in I such that f (c) f (x), for all x I.
The number f (c), in this case, is called the minimum value of f in I and the point c, in this case, is called
a point of minimum value of f in I.
(c) f is said to have an extreme value in I if there exists a point c in I such that f (c) is either a maximum value
or a minimum value of f in I.
The number f (c), in this case, is called an extreme value of f in I and the point c is called an extreme point.
* * Absolute maxima and minima
Let f be a function defined on the interval I and c I. Then
f(c) for all x I.
(b) f(c) is absolute maximum if f(x) f(c) for all x I.
(c) c I is called the critical point off if f (c) = 0
(d) Absolute maximum or minimum value of a continuous function f on [a, b] occurs at a or b or at critical
points off (i.e. at the points where f is zero)
If c1 ,c2, , cn are the critical points lying in [a , b], then
absolute maximum value of f = max{f(a), f(c1), f(c2), , f(cn), f(b)}
and absolute minimum value of f = min{f(a), f(c1), f(c2), , f(cn), f(b)}.
** Local maxima and minima
(a)A function f is said to have a local maxima or simply a maximum vaJue at x a if f(a h) f(a) for
sufficiently small h
(b)A function f is said to have a local minima or simply a minimum value at x = a if f(a h) f(a).
** First derivative test : A function f has a maximum at a point x = a if
(i) f (a) = 0, and
(ii) f (x) changes sign from + ve to ve in the neighbourhood of a (points taken from left to right).
However, f has a minimum at x = a, if
(i) f (a) = 0, and
(ii) f (x) changes sign from ve to +ve in the neighbourhood of a.
If f (a) = 0 and f(x) does not change sign, then f(x) has neither maximum nor minimum and the point a is
called point of inflation.
The points where f (x) = 0 are called stationary or critical points. The stationary points at which the function
attains either maximum or minimum values are called extreme points.
** Second derivative test
34
(i) a function has a maxima at x a if f (x) 0 and f (a) <0

(ii) a function has a minima at x = a if f (x) = 0 and f (a) > 0.
ASSIGNMENTS
1.Rate of change
LEVEL -I
1. A balloon, which always remains spherical, has a variable diameter
3
2x 1 . Find the rate
2
of change of its volume with respect to x.

2 .The side of a square sheet is increasing at the rate of 4 cm per minute. At what rate is the area
increasing when the side is 8 cm long ?
3. The radius of a circle is increasing at the rate of 0.7 cm/sec. what is the rate of increase of its
circumference ?
LEVEL II
1. Find the point on the curve y = 8x for which the abscissa and ordinate change at the same
rate?
2. A man 2 metre high walks at a uniform speed of 6km /h away from a lamp post 6 metre high.
Find the rate at which the length of his shadow increases. Also find the rate at which the tip
of the shadow is moving away from the lamp post.
3. The length of a rectangle is increasing at the rate of 3.5 cm/sec and its breadth is decreasing at
the rate of 3cm/sec. find the rate of change of the area of the rectangle when length is 12 cm
and breadth is 8 cm
2
LEVEL III
1. A particle moves along the curve 6 y = x3 + 2., Find the points on the curve at which ycoordinate is changing 8 times as fast as the x-coordinate.
2. Water is leaking from a conical funnel at the rate of 5 cm3/sec. If the radius of the base of the
funnel is 10 cm and altitude is 20 cm, Find the rate at which water level is dropping when it is
5 cm from top.
3. From a cylinder drum containing petrol and kept vertical, the petrol is leaking at the rate of
10 ml/sec. If the radius of the drum is 10cm and height 50cm, find the rate at which the level
of the petrol is changing when petrol level is 20 cm
2.Increasing & decreasing functions

LEVEL I
1. Show that f(x) = x 6x + 18x + 5 is an increasing function for all x R.
2. Show that the function x2 x + 1 is neither increasing nor decreasing on (0,1)
3. Find the intervals in which the function f(x) = sin x cos x, 0< x< 2isincreasing or
3
35
decreasing.
LEVEL II
1. Indicate the interval in which the function f(x) = cos x, 0 x 2 is decreasing.
sin x
is strictly decreasing on ( 0, /2)
x
log x
3. Find the intervals in which the function f(x) =
increasing or decreasing.
x
LEVEL III
2.Show that the function f(x) =
1. Find the interval of monotonocity of the function f(x) = 2x2 log x , x 0

4 sin
is an increasing function of in [ 0, /2]
2. Prove that the function y =
2 cos
[CBSE 2011]
3.Tangents &Normals
LEVEL-I
1.Find the equations of the normals to the curve 3x2 y2 = 8 which are parallel to the line
x + 3y = 4.
2. Find the point on the curve y = x2 where the slope of the tangent is equal to the x-coordinate of
the point.
3. At what points on the circle x2 + y2 2x 4y + 1 = 0, the tangent is parallel to x axis ?
LEVEL-II
1. Find the equation of the normal to the curve ay2 = x3 at the point ( am2, am3)
2. For the curve y = 2x2 + 3x + 18, find all the points at which the tangent passes through the
origin.
3. Find the equation of the normals to the curve y = x3 + 2x + 6 which are parallel to the line
x + 14y + 4= 0
4. Show that the equation of tangent at (x1 , y1) to the parabola yy1=2a(x + x1). [CBSE 2012Comptt.]
LEVEL- III
1 .Find the equation of the tangent line to the curve y =
4x 2y +3 =0
5x 3 2 which is parallel to the line
2. Show that the curve x2 +y2 2x = 0 and x2 +y2 2y =0 cut orthogonally at the point (0,0)
36
3. Find the condition for the curves
x2
a
y2
b
1 and xy = c2 to intersect orthogonally.
4.Approximations
LEVEL-I
Q.1 Evaluate 25.3
Q.2 Use differentials to approximate the cube root of 66
Q.3 Evaluate 0.082
Q.4 Evaluate
49.5 [CBSE 2012]

LEVEL-II
1. If the radius of a sphere is measured as 9 cm with an error of 0.03 cm, then find the approximate error
in calculating its surface area
5 Maxima & Minima

LEVEL I
1. Find the maximum and minimum value of the function f(x) = 3 2 sin x
2. Show that the function f(x) = x3 +x2 + x + 1 has neither a maximum value nor a minimum
value
3. Find two positive numbers whose sum is 24 and whose product is maximum
LEVEL II
1. Prove that the area of a right-angled triangle of given hypotenuse is maximum when the triangle is
isosceles.
2.A piece of wire 28(units) long is cut into two pieces. One piece is bent into the shape of a circle and
other into the shape of a square. How should the wire be cut so that the combined area of the two figures
is as small as possible.
3. A window is in the form of a rectangle surmounted by a semicircular opening. The total perimeter of
the window is 10 m. Find the dimensions of the window to admit maximum light through the whole
opening.
LEVEL III
1 .Find the area of the greatest isosceles triangle that can be inscribed in a given ellipse having its vertex
coincident with one extremity of major axis.
2.An open box with a square base is to be made out of a given quantity of card board of area c2 square
3
units. Show that the maximum volume of the box is c cubic units.[CBSE 2012 Comptt.]
6 3
37
3.A window is in the shape of a rectangle surmounted by an equilateral triangle. If the perimeter of the
window is 12 m, find the dimensions of the rectangle that will produce the largest area of the window.
[CBSE 2011]
1.Sand is pouring from a pipe at the rate of 12 cm3/s. The falling sand forms a cone on the ground in such
a way that the height of the cone is always one-sixth of the radius of the base. How fast is the height of
the sand cone increasing when the height is 4 cm?
2. The two equal sides of an isosceles triangle with fixed base b are decreasing at the rate of 3 cm per
second. How fast is the area decreasing when the two equal sides are equal to the base ?
3. Find the intervals in which the following function is strictly increasing or decreasing:
f(x) = 2x3 9x2 12x + 1
4. Find the intervals in which the following function is strictly increasing or decreasing:
f(x) = sinx + cosx , 0 x 2
5. For the curve y = 4x3 2x5, find all the points at which the tangent passes through the origin.
6. Find the equation of the tangent line to the curve y = x2 2x +7 which is
(a) parallel to the line 2x y + 9 = 0 (b) perpendicular to the line 5y 15x = 13.
7. Prove that the curves x = y2 and xy = k cut at right angles if 8k2 = 1.
8. Using differentials, find the approximate value of each of the following up to 3places of decimal :
(i) 26
1
3
(ii) 32.15
1
5
9. Prove that the volume of the largest cone that can be inscribed in a sphere of radius R is
8
of the
27
volume of the sphere.

10. An open topped box is to be constructed by removing equal squares from each corner of a 3 metre by
8 metre rectangular sheet of aluminium and folding up the sides. Find the volume of the largest such box.
38
TOPIC 6
INDEFINITE & DEFINITE INTEGRALS
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
Topics
Concept
Indefinite
Integrals

(ii) ) Application of trigonometric
function in integrals
(iii) Integration of some particular
function
Degree of References
Importance Text book of NCERT, Vol. II 2007 Edition
*
Exp 5&6 Page301,303
**
Ex 7 Page 306, Exercise 7.4Q13&Q24
***
Exp 8, 9, 10 Page 311,312 Exercise 7.4 Q

3,4,8,9,13&23
(iv) Integration using Partial

Fraction
***
**
Exp 11&12 Page 318

Exp 13 319,Exp 14 & 15 Page320
Exp 18,19&20 Page 325
(vi)Some Special Integrals
***
Exp 23 &24 Page 329
***
Solved Ex.41
dx
x2 a2 ,
1
a x
dx
2
dx
x2 a2
dx ,
ax 2 bx c
(px q)dx
dx
ax 2 bx c ,
,
ax 2 bx c ,
(px q)dx
ax 2 bx c
a 2 x 2 dx ,
x 2 a 2 dx

Definite
Integrals
(i) Definite Integrals based upon

types of indefinite integrals
(ii) Definite integrals as a limit of
sum
(iii) Properties of definite Integrals
***
(iv) Integration of modulus function
**
**
39
Exercise 27 Page 336, Q 2,3,4,5,9,11,16

Exercise 7.9
Exp 25 &26 Page 333, 334 Q3, Q5 & Q6
Exercise 7.8
Exp 31 Page 343*,Exp 32*,34&35 page 344
Exp 36***Exp 346 Exp 44 page351
Exercise 7.11 Q17 & 21
Exp 30 Page 343,Exp 43 Page 351 Q5& Q6
Exercise 7.11

x n 1
c
n 1
* 1.dx x c
*
*
*
n
x dx
dx
1
c
xn
2 x c
x
1
* dx c
x
* e x dx e x c
* a x dx
a
c
log a
* sin xdx cos x c

* sin xdx cos x c
* cos xdx sin x c

* sec 2 x dx tan x c
* cos ec 2 x dx cot x c
* sec x. tan x dx sec x c
* cos ecx. cot x dx cos ecx c
* sec x dx log | sec x tan x | C

x
=log tan C
2 4
* cosec x dx log | cosec x - cot x | C

= log | cosec x + cot x | + C
= log tan
x
+C
2
dx
1
xa
log
C, if x > a
2
2a
xa
a
dx
1
ax
* 2
log
C, if x > a
2
2a
ax
a x
dx
1
ax
* 2
log
C, if x > a
2
2a
ax
a x
*
a2 x2
dx
a x
dx
x a
dx sin 1
x
x
c = - cos-1 C`
a
a
log | x x 2 a 2 | C
log | x x 2 a 2 | C
x 2 a 2 dx
x
a2
x 2 a 2 log x x 2 a 2 C
2
2
x
a2
2
2
2
2
x a dx 2 x a 2 log x x a C
x 2
a2
x
a x 2 sin 1 C
* a 2 x 2 dx
2
2
a
* f1 ( x) f 2 ( x) ..........f n ( x)dx
2
= f1 ( x)dx f 2 ( x)dx .......... f n ( x)dx
f (x) dx f (x) dx C
du
* u.v dx u. v .dx v.dx .dx
dx
*
* f ( x ) dx = F(b) F(a), where F(x) =
f(x) dx
* tan x dx log cos x c log sec x c

* cot x dx = log | sin x | + C
* General Properties of Definite Integrals.

b
a
b
* f ( x ) dx = f ( t ) dx
b
* f ( x ) dx = - f ( x ) dx
a
a
b
a
b
a
a
a
a
* f ( x ) dx = f(x) dx + f(x) dx
* f(x) dx = f(a + b - x) dx
* f(x) dx = f(a - x) dx
a
* f(x) dx = 2 f(x)dx, if f(x) is an even function of x.
0
a
0
if f(x) is an odd function of x
40
a
2 f(x)dx,
* f(x) dx =
0
0
dx
1
x
1
x
tan1 C, cot 1 C`
2
2
a
a
a
a
x a
2a
if f(2a - x) f(x).
if f(2a - x) -f(x)
Assignments
LEVEL I
m tan1 x
sec 2 (log x )
1.
dx
x
e
dx
2.
1 x2
3.
e sin
1 x
1 x2
dx
LEVEL II
1.
1
dx
x x
2.
1
x x6 1
dx
3.
e x 1 dx
LEVEL III
1.
tan x
sin x.cos x dx
2.
tan x
sec x cos x dx
3.
sin x. cos 3 x dx
(ii) Application of trigonometric function in integrals

LEVEL I
1.
sin
x.dx
2. cos 2 3x.dx
3.
cos x. cos 2x. cos 3x.dx
3.
9x 2 12x 13
3.
LEVEL II
1. sec 4 x. tan x.dx
2.
sin 4x
dx
sin x
LEVEL III
1. cos 5 x.dx
2.
sin
x. cos 3 x.dx
(iii) Integration using standard results

LEVEL I
1.
dx
4x 2 9
2.
x 2 2x 10 dx
dx
LEVEL II
1.
x 4 x 2 1 dx
2.
cos x
sin 2 x 4 sin x 5 dx
41
dx
7 6x x 2
LEVEL III
1.
4.
2x
1 x x
2
dx
1 x
dx
1 x
2.
x2 x 1
x 2 x 1 dx
5.
3.
x2
x 5x 6
2
dx
6x 7
[CBSE 2011]
x 5x 4
(iv) Integration using Partial Fraction

LEVEL I
1.
2x 1
dx
( x 1)(x 1)
x 2x 8
dx
( x 1)( x 2)
2.
x2
dx
( x 1)( x 2)( x 3)
3.
3x 2
(x 1) 2 (x 3) dx
LEVEL II
1.
x x 1
2
2.
x 2 (x 2)
dx
3.
x2 1
(x 1) 2 (x 3) dx
LEVEL III
1.
(x 2)(x 2 4)
dx
2.
dx
sin x sin 2x
3.
1 x 3 dx
3.

LEVEL I
1. x. sec x.dx
2.
log x.dx
(tan x log sec x)dx
LEVEL II
1. sin 1 x.dx
4.
2. x 2 . sin 1 x.dx
2
1 1 x
cos
1 x2
.dx
5.
sec
3.
x. sin 1 x
1 x
dx
x.dx
LEVEL III
1. coslog x dx
4.
2 sin x
1 cos 2x e
.dx
e x (1 x )
2.
(2 x) 2 dx
5.
2x
. cos 3x.dx
(vi) Some Special Integrals

LEVEL I
1.
4 x 2 .dx
2.
1 4x 2 .dx
LEVEL II
1.
x 2 4x 6.dx
2.
1 4x x 2 .dx
LEVEL III
42
3.
log x
(1 log x) 2 dx
1.
(x 1)
1 x x 2 .dx
(x 5)
2.
x 2 x dx

LEVEL II
1.
2 3 cos 2x dx
4.
1 3 sin 2 x 8 cos 2 x
dx
dx
2.
3 sin 2x dx
5.
sin 4 x cos 4 x dx 6. 5 sec x 4 tan x dx
3.
4 sin 2 x 5 cos 2 x
sec x
sin 2x
LEVEL III
1.
4.
3 sin x 2 cos x
3 cos x 2 sin x dx
x2 1
x4 x2 1
dx
2.
dx
1 tan x
5.
3.
x4
x 4 1 dx
x2 1
x 4 1 dx
6.
tan x .dx
Definite Integrals
(i) Definite Integrals based upon types of indefinite integrals
LEVEL I
1
1.
2x 3
5x 2 1
/ 2
2.
sin x . cos x.dx
1.
5x 2
x 2 4x 3 dx
1
2.
x 2x 2 e
2x
(ii) Definite integrals as a limit of sum

LEVEL I
2
1. Evaluate
(x 2) dx as the limit of a sum.

0
4
2. Evaluate
x
0
LEVEL II
2
3.
(1 x) dx definite integral as the limit of a sum.

0
LEVEL II
43
dx
x 2 dx
1. Evaluate
(3x
1) dx as the limit of a sum.
1
3
2. Evaluate
(x
1) dx as the limit of a sum.
LEVEL III
2
1. Evaluate
(x
x 2)dx as the limit of a sum.
e
4
2. Evaluate
2x
x 2 dx as the limit of a sum.

LEVEL I
/2
1.
tan x
dx
1 tan x
2.
/ 2
4x
dx
x 4x
3.
sin 4 x
sin 4 x cos 4 x
LEVEL II
/2
1.
/3
4.
x
dx
sin x cos x
/6
2.
x sin x
1 cos 2 x dx
3.
x tan x
sec x. cos ec dx
0
dx
[CBSE 2011]
tan x
LEVEL III
1.
x sin x
dx [CBSE 2011] 2.
1 cos x
/2
log sin x dx
/ 4
3.
log1 tan x dx
0
[CBSE 2011]

LEVEL III
5
1.
( x 2 x 3 x 4 )dx
2
/ 2
2.
x dx
3.
sin x cos x dx
/ 2

1. Evaluate
(2x 3)dx
2
3x 18
2. Evaluate
44
(3x 1).dx
5 2x x 2
dx
4. Evaluate
2 sin x 3 cos x
3sin x 4 cos x dx
6. Evaluate
3. Evaluate cos 4 x.dx

5. Evaluate
/ 2
7. Evaluate
x. sin 1 x
1 x
dx
3/ 2
sin x . cos 5 x.dx
8. Evaluate
/ 2
log sin x dx
x sin x dx
9. Evaluate
dx
3 2 sin x cos x
10. Evaluate
x 1 x 2 x 3 dx
1
45
TOPIC 7
APPLICATIONS OF INTEGRATION
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
Topic
Concepts
Applications of
Integration

(ii) Area of the region enclosed
between Parabola and line
(iii) Area of the region enclosed
between Ellipse and line
(iv) Area of the region enclosed
betweenCircle and line
(v) Area of the region enclosed
between Circle and parabola
(vi) Area of the region enclosed
between Two Circles
(vii) Area of the region enclosed
between Two parabolas
(viii) Area of triangle when
vertices are given
(ix) Area of triangle when sides
are given
Degree of
Importance
*
***
***
Reference
NCERT Text BookEdition 2007
Ex.8.1 Q.1,2,5
Ex. 8.1 Q 10,11 Misc.Ex.Q 7
***
Example 8, page 369

Misc.Ex. 8
Ex. 8.1 Q 6
***
Ex 8.2 Q1, Misc.Ex.Q 15
***
Example 10, page370

Ex 8.2 Q2
Example 6, page368
***
***
***
***
Example 9, page370
Ex 8.2 Q4
Ex 8.2 Q5 ,Misc.Ex. Q 14
Example 10, page374
Misc.Ex.Q 4, 12
** Area of the region PQRSP = dA = y dx = f ( x ) dx .
** The area A of the region bounded by the curve x = g (y), y-axis and
the lines y = c, y = d is given by A=
x dy = g(y) dy
46
ASSIGNMENTS
(i) Area under Simple Curves
LEVEL I
1. Sketch the region of the ellipse
x 2 y2
1 and find its area, using integration,

25 16
.
2. Sketch the region {(x, y) : 4x2 + 9y2 = 36} and find its area, using integration.
(ii) Area of the region enclosed between Parabola and line

LEVEL II
1. Find the area of the region included between the parabola y2 = x and the line x + y = 2.
2. Find the area of the region bounded by x2 = 4y, y = 2, y = 4 and the y-axis in the first quadrant.
LEVEL III
1. Find the area of the region : ( x , y) : y x 2 1, y x 1, 0 x 2
(iii) Area of the region enclosed between Ellipse and line

LEVEL II
1. Find the area of smaller region bounded by the ellipse
x y
x 2 y2
1 and the straight line 1 .

16 25
4 5
(iv) Area of the region enclosed between Circle and line

LEVEL II
1. Find the area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed by the x-axis, the line y = x and the circle x2 + y2 =
32.
LEVEL III
1. Find the area of the region : ( x , y) : x 2 y 2 1 x y
(v) Area of the region enclosed between Circle and parabola

LEVEL III
1. Draw the rough sketch of the region {(x, y): x 6y, x2 + y2 16} an find the area
enclosed by the region using the method of integration.
2. Find the area lying above the x-axis and included between the circle x2 + y2 = 8x and
the parabola y2 = 4x.
2
(vi) Area of the region enclosed between Two Circles

LEVEL III
1. Find the area bounded by the curves x + y = 4 and (x + 2)2 + y2 = 4 using
integration.
2
(vii) Area of the region enclosed between Two parabolas

LEVEL II
1. Draw the rough sketch and find the area of the region bounded by two parabolas
47
4y2 = 9x and 3x2 = 16y by using method of integration.
(viii) Area of triangle when vertices are given

LEVEL III
1. Using integration compute the area of the region bounded by the triangle whose vertices are (2 , 1), (3 , 4),
and (5 , 2).
and (3 , 2).
(ix) Area of triangle when sides are given

LEVEL III
1. Using integration find the area of the region bounded by the triangle whose sides are
y = 2x + 1, y = 3x + 1, x = 4.
2. Using integration compute the area of the region bounded by the linesx + 2y = 2,
y x =1, and 2x + y = 7.

LEVEL III
1. Find the area of the region bounded by the curves y = x 1 and y = x 1 +1.
2. Find the area bounded by the curve y = x and y = x3.
3. Draw a rough sketch of the curve y = sinx and y = cosx as x varies from x = 0 to x =
and find the area of the region enclosed by them and x-axis
4. Sketch the graph of y = x 1 .Evaluate
x 1 dx .What does this value represent on
the graph.
5. Find the area bounded by the curves y = 6x x2 and y = x2 2x.
6. Sketch the graph of y = x 3 and evaluate the area under the curve y = x 3 above x-axis and between
x = 6 to x = 0.
[CBSE 2011]

1. Find the area bounded by the curve x2 = 4y and the line x = 4y 2 .
2. Find the area bounded by the parabola y = x2 and y = x .
2
3. Find the area of the region : (x , y) : 0 y x 1, 0 y x 1, 0 x 2
4. Find the area of the smaller region bounded by the ellipse
x 2 y2
x y
1 and the line 1.

9
4
3 2
5. Find the area of the region : (x , y): x y 1, x y

2
6. Find the area lying above the x-axis and included between the circle x2 + y2 = 8x and the parabola y2 = 4x.
7. Find the area bounded by the curves x2 + y2 = 4 and (x + 2)2 + y2 = 4 using integration.
48
and (5 , 2).
9. Using integration compute the area of the region bounded by the lines2x + y = 4,
3x 2y = 6, and x 3y + 5 = 0.
x 2 2, x 2
10. Sketch the graph of : f ( x ) 2

x 2,
x2
Evaluate
f (x )dx . What does the value of this integral represent on the graph ?
0
49
TOPIC 8
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
(ii).General and particular
solutions of a differential
equation
(iii).Formation of differential
equation whose general
solution is given
(iv).Solution of differential
equation by the method of
separation of variables
(vi).Homogeneous differential
equation of first order and
first degree
(vii)Solution of differential
dy/dx +py=q where p and q
are functions of x
And solution of differential
dx/dy+px=q where p and q
are functions of y
**
Ex. 2,3 pg384
Q. 7,8,10 pg 391
Q.4,6,10 pg 396
**
Q. 3,6,12 pg 406
***
Q.4,5,10,14 pg 413,414

** Order of Differential Equation : Order of the heighest order derivative of the given differential
equation is called the order of the differential equation.
* * Degree of the Differential Equation : Heighest power of the heighest order derivative when powers
of all the derivatives are of the given differential equation is called the degree of the differential equatin
dy f1 x, y
* * Homogeneou s Differential Equation :
, where f1 x, y & f 2 ( x, y) be the homogeneou s

dx f 2 ( x, y)
function of same degree.

* * Linear Differential Equation :
dy
i.
py q, where p & q be the function of x or constant.
dx
p dx
p dx
p dx
Solution of the equation is : y . e
e .q dx, where e
is Integrating Factor (I.F.)
ii.
dx
px q, where p & q be the function of y or constant.
dy
Solution of the equation is : x . e
p dy
p dy
p dy
.q dy, where e
is Integrating Factor (I.F.)
50
ASSIGNMENTS
1. Order and degree of a differential equation
LEVEL I
1. Write the order and degree of the following differential equations
2
d 2 y dy
(i) 2 2 y 0
dx dx
3
2. General and particular solutions of a differential equation
1. Show that y e x
LEVEL I
d2y
ax b is the solution of e x 2 1
dx
3. Formation of differential equation

LEVEL II
1. Obtain the differential equation by eliminating a and b from the equation y = ex(acosx + bsinx)
LEVEL III
1. Find the differential equation of the family of circles (x - a) - (y - b) = r
2. Obtain the differential equation representing the family of parabola having vertex at the origin and
axis along the positive direction of x-axis
4. Solution of differential equation by the method of separation of

variables
dy
1 x y xy
dx
dy
3. Solve 1 x 2 x tan 1 x
dx
1. Solve
LEVEL II
dy
e y cos x given that y(0)=0.
2. Solve
dx
5.Homogeneous differential equation of first order and first degree

LEVEL II
1. Solve (x 2 xy )dy (x 2 y 2 )dx
LEVEL III
Show that the given differential equation is homogenous and solve it.
dy
y
1. ( x y ) x 2 y
2. ydx x log( )dy 2 xdy 0
dx
x
51
4.Solve x 2 ydx (x 3 y3 )dy 0
3.Solve xdy ydx x 2 y 2 dx

5.Solve xdy ydx ( x 2 y 2 )dx CBSE2011
6.Solve
dx
y 3x dy
2
3
7. Solve x dy ( y x )dx 0 CBSE2011 8.Solve x dy ( y 2 x 2 )dx 0
6. Linear Differential Equations

LEVEL I
dy
1.Find the integrating factor of the differential x y 2x 2
dx
LEVEL II
dy
dy
1.Solve 2 y tan x sin x
2. Solve 1 x y e 3 x ( x 1) 2
dx
dx
dy
3. Solve x y x log x
dx
LEVEL III
dy
cos( x y )
2.Solve yey dx ( y3 2xe y )dy
1. Solve
dx
dy
dy
4x
1
y( x y)
3. Solve x 2
4. Solve
2
y 2
dx
dx x 1
( x 1) 3
5. Solve the differential equation x 2 y 2
dy
y ;given that when x=2,y=1
dx

2
d3y
d2y
dy
1. Write the order and degree of the differential equation 3 2 sin 0
dy
dx
dx
2. Form the differential equation representing the family of ellipses having foci on x axis and centre at
origin .
3. Solve the differential equation : (tan
y x)dy (1 y 2 )dx , given that y = 0 when x = 0.
4. Solve the differential equation :xdy y dx =
x 2 y 2 dx
dy
2
y log x .
dx
x
2
2
6. Solve the differential equation : x dy + (y + xy) dx.= 0, y(1) = 1
5. Solve the differential equation : x logx
52
7. Show that the differential equation 2 y.e dx y 2xe y dy 0 is homogeneous andfind its
x
y
particular solution given that y(0) = 1 .

8. Find the particular solution of differential equation
dy

y cot x 2x x 2 cot x, given that y 0 .
dx
2
53
TOPIC 9
VECTOR ALGEBRA
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
Topic
Concept
Degree of
importance
Vector algebra
(i)Vector and scalars
Q2 pg428
(ii)Direction ratio and direction

cosines
(iii)Unit vector
Q 12,13 pg 440
**
Ex 6,8 Pg 436
**
Q 15 Pg 440 , Q 11Pg440 , Q 16
Pg448
Q6 ,13 Pg445
(iv)Position vector of a point and

collinear vectors
(v)Dot product of two vectors
**
(vi)Projection of a vector
Refrence
NCERT Text Book Edition 2007
***
Ex 16 Pg 445
**
Q 12 Pg458
(viii)Area of a triangle
Q 9 Pg 454
(ix)Area of a parallelogram
Q 10 Pg 455
(vii)Cross product of two vectors
* Position vector of point Ax, y,z OA xi yj zk

* If A(x1 , y1 , z1 ) and point Bx 2 , y 2 , z 2 then AB x 2 x1 i y 2 y1 j z 2 z1 k
* If a xi yj zk
; a x 2 y2 z2
* Unit vector parallel to a
* Scalar Product (dot product) between two vectors : a . b a b cos ; is angle between the vectors

* cos
a .b
ab
* If a a1i b1j c1k and
b a 2 i b 2 j c 2 k then a . b a1a 2 b1b 2 c1c 2
54
* If a is perpendicular to b then a . b 0
2
* a .a a
* Projection of a on b
a .b
* Vector product between two vectors :
a b a b sin n ; n is the normal unit vector which is perpendicular to both a & b
a b
* n
a b
* If a is parallel to b then a b 0
* Area of triangle (whose sides are given by a and b )
1
a b
2
* Area of parallelogram (whose adjacent sides are given by a and b ) a b
* Area of parallelogram (whose diagonals are given by a and b )
1
a b
2
ASSIGNMENTS
(i) Vector and scalars, Direction ratio and direction cosines&Unit vector
LEVEL I
1. If a = i + j - 5 k and b = i - 4 j +3 k find a unit vector parallel to a + b

2. Write a vector of magnitude 15 units in the direction of vector i - 2 j + 2 k
3. If
4. Find
k find a unit vector in the direction of
a unit vector in the direction of the vector a
= 2 i + j + 2 k [ CBSE 2011]
5. Find a vector in the direction of vector a = i -2 j , whose magnitude is 7

LEVEL II
1. Find a vector of magnitude 5 units, perpendicular to each of the vectors ( a + b ) ,( a - b ) where

55
a = i + j + k and
b = i + 2 j + 3 k .
2. If the sum of two unit vectors is a unit vector, show that the magnitude of their difference is
3.
3. If a = i + j + k , b = 4 i - 2 j + 3 k and c = i - 2 j + k , find a vector of magnitude 6 units

which is parallel to the vector 2 a - b +3 c
LEVEL III
1. If a line make ,, with the X - axis , Y axis and Z axis respectively, then find the value of
sin 2 sin 2 sin 2
2. For what value of p, is ( i + j + k ) p a unit vector?

3. What is the cosine of the angle which the vector 2 i + j + k makes with Y-axis
4. Write the value of p for which a = 3 i + 2 j + 9 k and b = i + p j + 3 k are parallel vectors.
(ii)Position vector of a point and collinear vectors

LEVEL I
1. Find the position vector of the midpoint of the line segment joining the points A(5 i + 3 j ) and
B(3 i j ).
2. In a triangle ABC, the sides AB and BC are represents by vectors 2 i - j + 2 k ,
i + 3 j +5 k respectively. Find the vector representing CA.
3. Show that the points (1,0), (6,0) ,(0,0) are collinear.
LEVEL II
1.Write the position vector of a point R which divides the line joining the points P and Q whose
position vectors are i + 2 j - k and - i + j + k respectively in the ratio 2 : 1 externally.
2.Find the position vector of a point R which divides the line joining two points P and Q whose
position vectors are (2 a + b ) and ( a - 3 b ) respectively, externally in the ratio 1:2. Also, show
that P is the mid-point of the line segment RQ
(iii) Dot product of two vectors

LEVEL I
1.Find a . b if a = 3 i - j + 2 k and b = 2 i + 3 j + 3 k .
56
2.If
= 2 and a . b =
. Then find the angle between a and b .
3.Write the angle between two vectors a and b with magnitudes and 2 respectively having
a . b =
[ CBSE 2011]
LEVEL II
1. The dot products of a vector with the vectors i - 3 j , i - 2 j and i + j + 4 k are 0 , 5 and
8 respectively. Find the vectors.
2. If a and b are two vectors such that | a . b |= | a b |, then what is the angle between a and
b.
3. If a = 2 i + 2 j + 3 k , b = - i + 2 j + k and c = 3 i + j are such that a + b is
perpendicular to c , find the value of .
LEVEL III
1. If a & b are unit vectors inclined at an angle , prove that sin
1
a b .
2 2
2. If | a + b | = | a - b |, then find the angle between a and b .
3. For what values of , vectors a = 3 i - 2 j + 4 k and a = i - 4 j + 8 k are

(i) Orthogonal
(ii)
Parallel `
4..Find||, if for a unit vector a , ( x - a ).( x + a )=15.

i
5. If
such that
and
are orthogonal.
6. Show that the vector 2 i - j + k , -3 j -5 k and 3 i -4 j -4 k form sides of a right angled triangle.
7.Let a = i + 4 j + 2 k , b = 3 i - 2 j + 7 k and c = 2 i - j + 4 k . Find a vector d which
is perpendicular to both a and b and c . d = 18.
8. If a , b , c are three mutually perpendicular vectors of equal magnitudes, prove that a + b + c is
equally inclined with the vectors a , b , c .
9. Let a , b , c be three vectors such that a 3, b 4, c 5 and each of them being perpendicular
57
to the sum of the other two, find a b c .
(iv) Projection of a vector

LEVEL I
1. Find the projection of a on b if a . b = 8 and b = 2 i + 6 j + 3 k .

2. Write the projection of the vector i - j on the vector i + j
[ CBSE 2011]
3.Find the angle between the vectors i -2 j + 3 k and 3 i -2 j + k

4. Find the projection of the vector i +3 j + 7 k on the vector 7 i - j + 8 k
LEVEL II
1.Three vertices of a triangle are A(0, -1, -2), B(3,1,4) and C(5,7,1). Show that it is a right angled triangle. Also
find the other two angles.
1
3
2.Show that the angle between any two diagonals of a cube is cos 1 .
3.If a , b , c are non - zero and non coplanar vectors, prove that a 2 b +3 c , 3 b + 5 c and
2 a + 3 b 4 c are also coplanar
LEVEL III
1.If a unit vector a makes angles / 4, with i , /3 with j and an acute angle with k , then find
the component of a and angle .
2. If a , b , c are three mutually perpendicular vectors of equal magnitudes, prove that a + b + c is
equally inclined with the vectors a , b , c .

3.If with reference to the right handed system of mutually perpendicular unit vectors i , j ,and k ,
= 3 i j , = 2 i + j 3 k then express in the form of 1+ 2, where 1is parallel to
and 2 is perpendicular to .
4.Show that the points A, B, C with position vectors a =3 i 4 j 4 k , b = 2 i j + k and
c = i 3 j 5 k respectively form the vertices of a right angled triangle.

58
5. If a & b are unit vectors inclined at an angle , prove that
1
| a b |
(i) sin | a - b | (ii) tan
2 2
2
| a b |

LEVEL I
1. If | a | = 3 , | b | = 5 and a . b = 9 . Find | a b |
2.Find| a b | , if a
= i -7 j + 7 k and b = 3 i + 2 j + 2 k
3. Find ||, if is a unit vector and , ( x - p ).( x + p )= 80.
4.Find , if (2 i + 6 j + 27 k ) ( i +3 j + p k ) = 0 .
LEVEL II
1.Find , if (2 i + 6 j + 14 k ) ( i - j + 7 k ) = 0 .

2. Show that ( a - b ) x ( a + b ) = 2( a x b )
3.Find the angle between two vectors a and b if | a | = 3, | b | =4 and | a b | = 6.

4.Let a , b , c be unit vectors such that a . b = a . c
= 0 and the angle between b and c is /6, prove that
a = 2( a b ) .
LEVEL III
1.Find the value of the following: i .( j
2.Vectors a
and b are such that | a | =
x k ) + i .( i x k ) + k .( i x j )
3,|b |=

2
, and a b is a unit vector. Write the
3
angle between a and b
3.If a
= i + j + k and
b = j - k , find a vector c such that a c = b and
a . c = 3.
4.If a b
= c d and a c = b d show that ( a - d ) is parallel to b - c , where
a d and b c .
59
5. Express 2i j 3k as the sum of a vector parellal and perpendicular to 2i 4j 2k .
(viii)Area of a triangle & Area of a parallelogram

LEVEL I
1.Find the area of Parallelogram whose adjacent sides are represented by the vectors
a = 3 i + j - 2 k and b = i - 3 j + 4 k .
2.If a and b represent the two adjacent sides of a Parallelogram, then write the area of
parallelogram in terms of a and b .

3. Find the area of triangle having the points A(1,1,1) , B(1,2,3) and C(2,3,1) as its vertices.
LEVEL II
1.Show that the area of the Parallelogram having diagonals ( 3 i + j - 2 k ) and
( i - 3 j + 4 k ) is 5 3 Sq units.
2. If a , b , c are the position vectors of the vertices of a ABC, show that the area of the ABC is
1
a b b c c a .
2
3.Using Vectors, find the area of the triangle with vertices A(1,1,2), B(2,3,5) and C(1,5,5)
[ CBSE 2011]

1.The scalar product of the vector i + j + k with the unit vector along the sum of vectors
2 i + 4 j - 5 k and i + 2 j + 3 k is equal to one. Find the value of .
2. If a , b and c be three vectors such that | a | = 3, | b | =4 , | c | =5 and each one of them being
perpendicular to the sum of the other two, find | a + b + c |.
3. If | a + b | = | a - b |, then find the angle between a and b .

4. Dot product of a vector with i + j 3 k , i + 3 j 2 k , and 2 i + j + 4 k are 0, 5, 8 respectively.
Find the vector.
5. Find the components of a vector which is perpendicular to the vectors i + 2 j k and 3 i j + 2 k .
60
TOPIC 10
THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
Topic
Three
Dimensional
Geometry
Concept
Degree of
importance
(i) Direction Ratios and Direction

Cosines
(ii)Cartesian and Vector

equation of a line in space
& conversion of one into
another form
**
(iii)Co-planer and skew lines
(iv) Shortest distance

between two lines
(v) Cartesian and Vector
equation of a plane in
space & conversion of one
into another form
***
**
(vi) Angle Between

(iv)
Two lines
(v)
Two planes
(vi)
Line & plane
*
*
**
Refrence
NCERT Text Book Edition 2007
Ex No 2 Pg -466
Ex No 5 Pg 467
Ex No 14 Pg - 480
Ex No 8 Pg -470
Q N. 6, 7, - Pg 477
QN 9 Pg 478
Ex No 29 Pg -496
Ex No 12 Pg -476
Q N. 16, 17 - Pg 478
Ex No 17 Pg -482
Ex No 18 Pg 484
Ex No 19 Pg 485
Ex No 27 Pg 495
Q N. 19, 20 - Pg 499
Ex No 9 Pg -472
Q N. 11 - Pg 478
Ex No 26 Pg 494
Q N. 12 - Pg 494
Ex No 25 Pg - 492
Q No 18 Pg -499
Q No 14 Pg 494
(vii) Distance of a point from

a plane
(viii)Distance measures parallel to
plane and parallel to line
**
(ix)Equation of a plane
through the intersection
of two planes
(x) Foot of perpendicular and
image with respect to a
line and plane
***
Q No 10 Pg -493
**
Ex. N 16 Pg 481
**

* * Direction cos ines and direction ratios :
If a line makes angles , and with x, y and z axes respectively the cos , cos and cos are the direction cos ines
denoted by l, m, n respectively and l 2 m 2 n 2 1
61
Any three numbers proportional to direction cos ines are direction ratios denoted by a , b, c
l m n
a
b
c

l
, m
, n
,
a b c
a 2 b2 c2
a 2 b2 c2
a 2 b2 c2
* Direction ratios of a line segment joining Px1 , y1 , z1 and Qx 2 , y 2 , z 2 may be taken as x 2 x1 , y 2 y1 , z 2 z1
* Angle between twolines whose direction cos ines are l1 , m1 , n1 and l 2 , m 2 , n 2 is given by
cos l1l 2 m1m 2 n1n 2
* For parallel lines
a 1 b1 c1
a 2 b2 c2
a 1a 2 b1b 2 c1c 2
2
1
b12 c12 a 2 2 b 2 2 c 2 2
and
for perpendicular lines a 1a 2 b1b 2 c1c 2 0 or l1l 2 m1m 2 n1n 2 0
* * STRAIGHT LINE :
x x1 y y1 z z1
a
b
c
x y z
* Equation of line pas sin g through a point x1 , y1 , z1 and parallel to the line :
is
a
b
c
x x1 y y1 z z1
a
b
c
x x1
y y1
z z1
* Equation of line pas sin g through two point x1 , y1 , z1 and x 2 , y 2 , z 2 is
x 2 x1 y 2 y1 z 2 z1
* Equation of line pas sin g through a point x1 , y1 , z1 with direction cos ines a , b, c :
* Equation of line (Vector form)

Equation of line passing through a point a and in the direction of b is r a b
* Equation of line passing through two points a & b and in the direction of b is r a b a
* Shortest distance between two skew lines : if lines are r a1 b1 r a 2 b 2
then Shortest distance
a1 . b1 b 2
; b1 b 2 0
b1 b 2
2
a1 b1
b1
; b1 b 2 0
* * PLANE :
* Equation of plane is ax + by + cz + d = 0 where a, b & c are direction ratios of normal to the plane
* Equation of plane passing through a point ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) is a x x1 by y1 cz z1 0
x y z
1, where a , b, c are int ercepts on the axes
a b c
* Equation of plane in normal form lx my nz p where l, m, n are direction cos ines of normal to the plane p is
* Equation of plane in intercept form is
length of perpendicular form origin to the plane
62
* Equation of plane passing through three points ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) , ( x 2 , y 2 , z 2 ) and ( x 3 , y 3 , z )

x x1
y y1
z z1
x 2 x1
y 2 y1
z 2 z1 0
x 3 x1
y 3 y1
z 3 z1
* Equation of plane passing through two points ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) , ( x 2 , y 2 , z 2 ) and perpendicular to the plane
x x1
x 1 y 1 z 1
a 1x b1 y c1z d1 0 or parralal to the line

is x 2 x1
a1
b1
c1
a1
y y1
y 2 y1
b1
z z1
z 2 z1 0
c1
* Equation of plane passing through the point ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and perpendicular to the

planes a1x b1 y c1z d1 0 , a 2 x b 2 y c 2 z d 2 0 or parralal to the lines
x 2 y 2 z 2
and
is
a2
b2
c2
x x1
a1
a2
* Equation of plane contaning the line

x x1
x 2 x1
a1
y y1
y 2 y1
b1
y 2 y1
b1
b2
z z1
c1 0
c2
x x1 y y1 z z1
and passing through the point ( x 2 , y 2 , z 2 )
a1
b1
c1
is
z z1
z 2 z1 0
c1
* Condition for coplaner lines :

x 2 x1
a1
a2
y y1
b1
b2
x 1 y 1 z 1
a1
b1
c1
x x 2 y y2 z z2
x x1 y y1 z z1
are coplaner if
and
a2
b2
c2
a1
b1
c1
z 2 z1
x x1
c1
a1
0 and equation of common plane is
c2
a2
y y1
b1
b2
z z1
c1 0
c2
* Equation of plane passing through the int er sec tion of two planes a1x b1 y c1z 0 , a 2 x b 2 y c 2 z 0 is
(a1x b1 y c1z) (a 2 x b 2 y c 2 z) 0
* Perpendicular dis tan ce from the po int x 1 , y1 , z1` to the plane ax by cz d 0 is
ax 1 by1 cz1 d
* Distance between two parallel planes ax by cz d1 0 , ax by cz d 2 0 is
ASSIGNMENTS
(i)Direction Ratios and Direction Cosines
LEVEL-I
63
a 2 b2 c2
d1 d 2
a 2 b2 c2
1. Write the direction-cosines of the line joining the points (1,0,0) and (0,1,1)
[CBSE 2011]
2.Find the direction cosines of the line passing through the following points (-2,4,-5), (1,2,3).
3.Write the direction cosines of a line equally inclined to the three coordinate axes
LEVEL-II
1.Write the direction cosines of a line parallel to the line
2.Write the direction ratios of a line parallel to the line
3. If the equation of a line AB
=
=
=
=
.
.
Find the direction cosine.
4. Find the direction cosines of a line, passing through origin and lying in the first octant, making
equal angles with the three coordinate axis.
(ii) Cartesian and Vector equation of a line in space & conversion of one
into another form
LEVEL-I
1.Write the vector equation of the line
2. Write the equation of a line parallel to the line
[CBSE 2011]
=
and passing through the
point(1,2,3).
3.Express the equation of the plane = ( 2 + ) + (2 + + 2 ) in the Cartesian form.
4.Express the equation of the plane
. (2 3 +
) + 4 = 0 in the Cartesian form.
(iii) Co-planer and skew lines

LEVEL-II
1.Find whether the lines = ( - - ) + (2 + ) and = (2 - ) + ( + - ) intersect or not.
If intersecting , find their point of intersection.
2.Show that the four points (0,-1,-1) , (4,5,1) , (3,9,4) and (-4,4,4,) are coplanar. Also, find
the equation of the plane containing them.
3.Show that the lines
x 1 y 2 z 3
x 4 y 1
and
z intersect. Find their point of

2
3
4
5
2
intersection.
LEVEL-III
1. Show that the lines
and
are coplanar. Also find the
equation of the plane.

2. The points A(4,5,10) , B(2,3,4) and C(1,2,-1) are three vertices of a parallelogram ABCD. Find
64
the vector equation of the sides AB and BC and also find the coordinates
3.Find the equations of the line which intersects the lines
and
and passes through the point (1,1,1).

4. Show that The four points (0, 1, 1), (4, 5, 1), (3, 9, 4) and ( 4, 4, 4) are coplanar and find the
equation of the common plane .
(iv) Shortest distance between two lines

LEVEL-II
1. Find the shortest distance between the lines l1 and l2 given by the following:
(a) l1 :
l2 :
(b) = ( + 2 + 3 ) + ( 3 + 2 )
=(4 + 2) + (5 +3) + (6 + ) .
x 1 y 2 z 3
x 4 y 1
and

2
3
4
5
2
intersection.
3.. Find the shortest distance between the lines
r = ( i + j ) + (2 i j + k ), and r = (2 i + j k ) + (4 i 2 j + 2 k )
4.Find the shortest distance between the lines

) (
) (
= (
) and= (
) [CBSE 2011]
5. Find the distance between the parallel planes x + y z = -4 and 2x + 2y 2z + 10 = 0.

6. Find the vector equation of the line parallel to the line
and passing through
(3,0,-4). Also, find the distance between these two lines.
(v) Cartesian and Vector equation of a plane in space & conversion of

one into another form
LEVEL I
1.Find the equation of a plane passing through the origin and perpendicular to x-axis
2.Find the equation of plane with intercepts 2, 3, 4 on the x ,y, z axis respectively.
3.
)
(
4.
)
( )
(
)
( )
(
65
LEVEL II
1. Find the vector and cartesian equations of the plane which passes through the point (5, 2, 4) and
perpendicular to the line with direction ratios 2, 3, 1.
2. Find the vector equation of a plane which is at a distance of 7 units from the origin and normal to
the vector 3 i + 5 j - 6 k.
3.Find the vector and cartesian equations of the planes that passes through the point (1, 0, 2)and
the normal to the plane is i + j - k.
(vi) Angle Between(i)Two lines
(ii)Two planes
(iii)Line & plane
LEVEL-I
1. Find the angle between the lines whose direction ratios are (1, 1, 2) and ( 1 , 1 , 4).
2.Find the angle between line
3.Find the value of such that the line

3x y 2z = 7.
and the plane 3x + 4y + z + 5 = 0.

=
is perpendicular to the plane
.Find the angle between the planes whose vector equations are
r (2 i + 2 j - 3 k) = 5 and r (3 i - 3 j + 5 k) = 3
5.Find the angle between the line
and the plane 10 x + 2y 11 z = 3.
LEVEL-II
1.Find the value of p, such that the lines
and
are perpendicular to
each other.
2. A line makes angles , , , with the four diagonals of a cube, Prove that
cos2 + cos2 + cos2 + cos2 = .
(vii) Distance of a point from a plane

LEVELI
1.Write the distance of plane 2x y + 2z + 1 = 0 from the origins.
2.Find the point through which the line 2x = 3y = 4z passes.

j
3
(
)
( i
4. Find the distance of the following plane from origin: 2x y + 2z + 1 = 0
5.Find the distance of the point (a,b,c) from x-axis
66
k )
LEVELII
1..Find the points on the line
at a distance of 5 units from the point P(1,3,3).
2.Find the distance of the point (3,4,5) from the plane x + y + z =2 measured parallel to the
line
2x = y = z.
3. Find the distance between the point P(6, 5, 9) and the plane determinedby the points
A (3, 1, 2), B (5, 2, 4) and C( 1, 1, 6).
4.
( )
. i
k /
j
,
( i
k )
LEVEL III
1.Find the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular and the perpendicular distance of the point
(1,3,4) from the plane 2x y + z + 3 = 0. Find also, the image of the point in the plane.
2.Find the distance of the point P(6,5,9) from the plane determined by the points A(3,-1,2) ,
B(5,2,4) and C(-1,-1,6).
3.Find the equation of the plane containing the lines = + + ( + 2 - ) and
= + + (- + - 2 ).Find the distance of this plane from origin and also from the point (1,1,1).
(viii) Equation of a plane through the intersection of two planes

LEVELII
1.Find the equation of plane passing through the point (1,2,1) and perpendicular to the line joining
the points (1,4,2) and (2,3,5). Also find the perpendicular distance of the plane from the origin.
2.Find the equation of the plane which is perpendicular to the plane 5x + 3y + 6z +8 = 0 and
which contains the line of intersection of the planes x + 2y + 3z 4 = 0 and 2x + y z + 5 = 0.
3.Find the equation of the plane that contains the point (1,-1,2) and is perpendicular to each of
the planes 2x + 3y -2 z = 5 and x + 2y 3z = 8.
LEVEL-III
1.Find the equation of the plane passing through the point (1,1,1) and containing the line
= (-3 + + 5 ) + (3 - - 5 ). Also, show that the plane contains the line
= (- + 2 + 5 ) + ( - 2 - 5 ).
2.Find the equation of the plane passing through the point (1, 1, 1) and perpendicular to the planes
x + 2y + 3z 7 = 0 and 2x 3y + 4z = 0.
3.Find the Cartesian equation of the plane passing through the points A(0,0,0) and
B(3,-1,2) and parallel to the line
4. Find the equation of the perpendicular drawn from the point P(2,4,-1) to the line
.
67
(ix)Foot of perpendicular and image with respect to a line and plane

LEVEL II
1. Find the coordinates of the point where the line through (3,-4,-5) and (2,-3,1) crosses the plane
determined by points A(1,2,3) , B(2,2,1) and C(-1,3,6).
2. Find the foot of the perpendicular from P(1,2,3) on the line
. Also, obtain the
equation of the plane containing the line and the point (1,2,3).
3.Prove that the image of the point (3,-2,1) in the plane 3x y + 4z =2 lies on the plane,
x + y + z + 4 = 0.
LEVEL-III
1.Find the foot of perpendicular drawn from the point A(1, 0, 3) to the joint of the points B(4, 7, 1) and
C(3, 5, 3).
x 2 y 1 z 3
2. Find the image of the point (1, 2, 1) in the line
.
3
1
2
3. The foot of the perpendicular from the origin to the plane is (12, 4, 3). Find the equation of the
plane
4. Find the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular and the perpendicular distance of the point
P(3,2,1) from the plane 2x y+z+1=0. Find also, the image of the point in the plane.

1. Find the equation of the plane passing through the point (1, 1, 1) and perpendicular to the planes
x + 2y + 3z 7 = 0 and 2x 3y + 4z = 0.
2. Find the vector equation of a line joining the points with position vectors i 2 j 3 k and parallel
to the line joining the points with position vectors i j + 4 k , and 2 i + j + 2 k . Also find the
cartesian equivalent of this equation.
3. Find the foot of perpendicular drawn from the point A(1, 0, 3) to the joint of the points B(4, 7, 1) and
C(3, 5, 3).
4. Find the shortest distance between the lines
r = ( i + j ) + (2 i j + k ), and r = (2 i + j k ) + (4 i 2 j + 2 k )
x 2 y 1 z 3
.
3
1
2
6. Show that the four points (0, 1, 1), (4, 5, 1), (3, 9, 4) and ( 4, 4, 4) are coplanar and find the
equation of the common plane .
7. The foot of the perpendicular from the origin to the plane is (12, 4, 3). Find the equation of the
plane.
x 1 y 2 z 3
x 4 y 1
and

2
3
4
5
2
intersection.
9. A line makes angles , , , with the four diagonals of a cube, Prove that
5.Find the image of the point (1, 2, 1) in the line
cos2 + cos2 + cos2 + cos2 = .

68
TOPIC 11
LINEAR PROGRAMMING
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
Topic
Linear
Programming
Concepts
(i) LPP and its Mathematical
Formulation
(ii) Graphical method of
solving LPP (bounded and
unbounded solutions)
Degree of
Importance
**
References
NCERT Book Vol. II
Articles 12.2 and 12.2.1
**
Article 12.2.2
Solved Ex. 1 to 5
Q. Nos 5 to 8 Ex.12.1
(iii) Diet Problem
***
(iv) Manufacturing Problem
***
Q. Nos 1, 2 and 9 Ex. 12.2

Solved Ex. 9 Q. Nos 2 and 3 Misc. Ex.
Solved Ex. 8 Q. Nos 3,4,5,6,7 of Ex.
12.2
Solved Ex.10 Q. Nos 4 & 10 Misc. Ex.
(v) Allocation Problem
**
Solved Example 7Q. No 10 Ex.12.2,

Q. No 5 & 8 Misc. Ex.
(vi) Transportation Problem
Solved Ex.11
(vii) Miscellaneous Problems
**
Q. No 8 Ex. 12.2

** Solving linear programming problem using Corner Point Method. The method comprises of the
following steps:
1. Find the feasible region of the linear programming problem and determine its corner points
(vertices) either by inspection or by solving the two equations of the lines intersecting at that point.
2. Evaluate the objective function Z = ax + by at each corner point. Let M and m, respectively denote
the largest and smallest values of these points.
3. (i) When the feasible region is bounded, M and m are the maximum and minimum values of Z.
(ii) In case, the feasible region is unbounded, we have:
4. (a) M is the maximum value of Z, if the open half plane determined by ax + by > M has no point in
common with the feasible region. Otherwise, Z has no maximum value.
(b) Similarly, m is the minimum value of Z, if the open half plane determined by ax + by < m has
no point in common with the feasible region. Otherwise, Z has no minimum value.
ASSIGNMENTS
(i) LPP and its Mathematical Formulation
LEVEL I
69
1. A dietician wishes to mix two types of foods in such a way that vitamin contents of the mixture
contain atleast 8 units of vitamin A and 10 units of vitamin C. Food I contains 2 units/kg of vitamin
A and 1 unit/kg of vitamin C. Food II contains 1 unit/kg of vitamin A and 2 units/kg of vitamin C. It
costs Rs 50 per kg to purchase Food I and Rs 70 per kg to purchase Food II. Formulate this problem
as a linear programming problem.
(ii) Graphical method of solving LPP (bounded and unbounded solutions)

LEVEL I
Solve the following Linear Programming Problems graphically:

1.Minimise Z = 3x + 4 ysubject to x + 2y 8, 3x + 2y 12, x 0, y 0.
2.Maximise Z = 5x + 3ysubject to 3x + 5y 15, 5x + 2y 10, x 0, y 0.
3.Minimise Z = 3x + 5y suchthat x + 3y 3, x + y 2, x, y 0.
(iii) Diet Problem

LEVEL II
1.A diet for a sick person must contain at least 4000 units of vitamins, 50 units of minerals and 1,400
calories. Two foods X and Y are available at a cost of Rs. 4 and Rs. 3 per unit respectively. One unit of
the food X contains 200 units of vitamins, 1 unit of mineral and 40 calories, whereas one unit of food
Y contains 100 units of vitamins, 2 units of minerals and 40 calories. Find what combination of X and
Y should be used to have least cost? Also find the least cost.
2. Every gram of wheat provides 0.1 g of proteins and 0.25 g of carbohydrates. The corresponding
values for rice are 0.05 g and 0.5 g respectively. Wheat costs Rs. 10 per kg and rice Rs. 20 per kg. The
minimum daily requirements of protein and carbohydrates for an average child are 50 gm and 200 gm
respectively. In what quantities, should wheat and rice be mixed in the daily diet to provide the
minimum daily requirements of protein and carbohydrates at minimum cost ?

LEVEL II
1.A company manufactures two articles A and B. There are two departments through which these
articles are processed: (i) assembly and (ii) finishing departments. The maximum capacity of the
assembly department is 60 hours a week and that of the finishing department is 48 hours a week. The
production of each article A requires 4 hours in assembly and 2 hours in finishing and that of each unit
of B requires 2 hours in assembly and 4 hours in finishing. If the profit is Rs. 6 for each unit of A and
Rs. 8 for each unit of B, find the number of units of A and B to be produced per week in order to have
maximum profit.
2. A company sells two different produces A and B. The two products are produced in a common
production process which has a total capacity of 500 man hours. It takes 5 hours to produce a unit of A
and 3 hours to produce a unit of B. The demand in the market shows that the maximum number of
units of A that can be sold is 70 and that for B is 125. Profit on each unit of A is Rs. 20 and that on B is
Rs. 15. How many units of A and B should be produced to maximize the profit? Solve it graphically
LEVEL III
1.A manufacture makes two types of cups, A and B. Three machines are required to manufacture the
cups and the time in minutes required by each is as given below:
70
Type of Cup
A
B
Machines
II
I
12
6
18
0
III
6
9
Each machine is available for a maximum period of 6 hours per day. If the profit on each cup A is 75
paise, and on B it is 50 paise, show that the 15 cups of type A and 30 cups of type B should be
manufactured per day to get the maximum profit.

LEVEL II
1. Ramesh wants to invest at most Rs. 70,000 in Bonds A and B. According to the rules, he has to
invest at least Rs. 10,000 in Bond A and at least Rs. 30,000 in Bond B. If the rate of interest on bond A
is 8 % per annum and the rate of interest on bond B is 10 % per annum , how much money should he
invest to earn maximum yearly income ? Find also his maximum yearly income.
2. An oil company requires 12,000, 20,000 and 15,000 barrels of high grade, medium grade and low
grade oil respectively. Refinery A produces 100, 300 and 200 barrels per day of high, medium and low
grade oil respectively whereas the Refinery B produces 200, 400 and 100 barrels per day respectively.
If A costs Rs. 400 per day and B costs Rs. 300 per day to operate, how many days should each be run
to minimize the cost of requirement?
LEVEL III
1. An aeroplane can carry a maximum of 250 passengers. A profit of Rs 500 is made on each executive
class ticket and a profit of Rs 350 is made on each economy class ticket. The airline reserves at least 25
seats for executive class. However, at least 3 times as many passengers prefer to travel by economy
class than by the executive class. Determine how many tickets of each type must be sold in order to
maximize the profit for the airline. What is the maximum profit?

LEVEL III
1. A medicine company has factories at two places A and B . From these places, supply is to be made
to each of its three agencies P, Q and R. The monthly requirement of these agencies are respectively
40, 40 and 50 packets of the medicines, While the production capacity of the factories at A and B are
60 and 70 packets are respectively. The transportation cost per packet from these factories to the
agencies are given:
Transportation cost per packet (in Rs.)
From
A
B
To
P
5
4
Q
4
2
R
3
5
How many packets from each factory be transported to each agency so that the cost of
transportation is minimum ? Also find the minimum cost.
71

1. Solve the following linear programming problem graphically : Maximize z = x 7y +190
subject to the constraints x + y 8, x 5, y 5, x + y 4, x 0, y 0 .
2. Solve the following linear programming problem graphically : Maximize z = 3x + 5y
subject to the constraints x + y 2, x + 3y 3, x 0, y 0 .
3. Kellogg is a new cereal formed of a mixture of bran and rice that contains at least 88 grams of
protein and at least 36 milligrams of iron. Knowing that bran contains, 80 grams of protein and 40
milligrams of iron per kilogram, and that rice contains 100 grams protein and 30 milligrams of iron per
kilogram, find the minimum cost of producing this new cereal if bran costs Rs. 5 per kilogram and rice
costs Rs. 4 per kilogram.
4. A shopkeeper deals only in two items tables and chairs. He has Rs. 6,000 to invest and a space to
store at most 20 pieces. A table costs him Rs. 400 and a chair Rs. 250. He can sell a table at a profit of
Rs. 25 and a chair at a profit of Rs. 40. Assume that he can sell all items that he buys. Using linear
programming formulate the problem for maximum profit and solve it graphically.
5. A small firm manufactures items A and B. The total number of items A and B it can manufacture a
day is at most 24. Item A takes one hour to make while item B takes only half an hour. The maximum
time available per day is 16 hours. If the profit on one unit of item A be Rs. 300 and one unit of item
B be Rs. 160, how many of each type of item be produced to maximize the profit ? Solve the problem
graphically.
6. A chemist requires 10, 12 and 12 units of chemicals A, B and C respectively for his analysis. A
liquid product contains 5, 2, and 1 units of A, B and C respectively and it costs Rs. 3 per jar. A dry
product contains 1, 2, and 4 units of A, B and C per carton and costs Rs. 2 per carton. How many of
each should he purchase in order to minimize the cost and meet the requirement ?
7. A person wants to invest at most Rs. 18,000 in Bonds A and B. According to the rules, he has to
invest at least Rs. 4,000 in Bond A and at least Rs. 5,000 in Bond B. If the rate of interest on bond A is
9 % per annum and the rate of interest on bond B is 11 % per annum , how much money should he
invest to earn maximum yearly income ?
8. Two tailors A and B earn Rs. 150 and Rs. 200 per day respectively. A can stitch 6 shirts and 4 pants
while B can stitch 10 shirts and 4 pants per day. How many days shall each work if it is desired to to
stitch at least 60 shirts and 32 pants at a minimum labourcost.
72
TOPIC 12
PROBABILITY
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
Degree of
Importance
References
NCERT Book Vol. II
***
(ii)Multiplication theorem on
probability
**
***
(iv) Bayes theorem, partition of

sample space and Theorem of
total probability
***
(v) Random variables &

probability distribution
Mean & variance of random
variables
***
Article 13.2 and 13.2.1

Q. Nos 1 and 5 to 15 Ex. 13.1
Article 13.3
SolvedExamples 8 & 9
Q. Nos 2, 3, 13 14 & 16 Ex.13.2
Article 13.4
Q. Nos 1, 6, 7, 8 and 11 Ex.13.2
Articles 13.5, 13.5.1, 13.5.2
Solved Examples 15 to 21, 33 & 37
,Q. Nos 1 to 12 Ex.13.3
Articles 13.6, 13.6.1, 13.6.2 &
13.6.2
Q. Nos 1 & 4 to 15 Ex. 13.4
(vi) Bernoulli,s trials and

Binomial Distribution
***
Topic
Probability
Concepts
Articles 13.7, 13.7.1 & 13.7.2

Solved Examples 31 & 32
Q. Nos 1 to 13 Ex.13.5

** Sample Space and Events :
The set of all possible outcomes of an experiment is called the sample space of that experiment.
It is usually denoted by S. The elements of S are called events and a subset of S is called an
event.
( S) is called an impossible event and
S( S) is called a sure event.
** Probability of an Event.
(i) If E be the event associated with an experiment, then probability of E, denoted by P(E) is
defined as P(E)
number of outcomes in E
number of total outcomes in sample space S
it being assumed that the outcomes of the experiment in reference are equally likely.
(ii) P(sure event or sample space) = P(S) = 1 and P(impossible event) = P() = 0.
73
(iii) If E1, E2, E3, , Ek are mutually exclusive and exhaustive events associated with an experiment
(i.e. if E1 E2 E3 . Ek) = S and Ei Ej = for i, j {1, 2, 3,..,k} i j), then
P(E1) + P(E2) + P(E3) + .+ P(Ek) = 1.
(iv) P(E) + P(EC) = 1
** If E and F are two events associated with the same sample space of a random experiment, the
conditional probability of the event E given that F has occurred, i.e. P (E|F) is given by
PE F
P(E|F) =
provided P(F) 0
P(F)
** Multiplication rule of probability : P(E F) = P(E) P(F|E)
= P(F) P(E|F) provided P(E) 0 and P(F) 0.
** Independent Events : E and F are two events such that the probability of occurrence of one of
them is not affected by occurrence of the other.
Let E and F be two events associated with the same random experiment, then E and F are said to be
independent if P(E F) = P(E) . P (F).
** Bayes' Theorem : If E1, E2 ,..., En are n non empty events which constitute a partition of sample
space S, i.e. E1, E2 ,..., En are pairwise disjoint and E1 E2 ... En = S andA is any event of
nonzero probability, then
PE .PA E i
P(Ei|A) = n i
for any i = 1, 2, 3, ..., n
P E j .P A E j
j 1
** The probability distribution of a random variable X is the system of numbers

X:
x1
x2
...
xn
P(X) :
p1
p2
...
pn
n
where, pi > 0 ,
pi = 1, i = 1, 1, 2,...,
i 1
** Binomial distribution: The probability of x successes P (X = x) is also denoted by P (x) and is

given by P(x) = nCx qnxpx , x = 0, 1,..., n. (q = 1 p)
ASSIGNMENTS
LEVEL I
1. If P(A) = 0.3, P(B) = 0.2, find P(B/A) if A and B are mutually exclusive events.
2. Find the probability of drawing two white balls in succession from a bag containing 3 red and
5 white balls respectively, the ball first drawn is not replaced.
LEVEL II
1.A dice is thrown twice and sum of numbers appearing is observed to be 6. what is the conditional
probability that the number 4 has appeared at least once.
LEVEL III
3
1
1
1.IfP(A) = , P(B) =
and P(A B) , find P(A / B) and P( B / A)
8
2
2
(ii)Multiplication theorem on probability

74
LEVEL II
1.A bag contains 5 white, 7 red and 3 black balls. If three balls are drawn one by one without
replacement, find what is the probability that none is red.
3
1
2. The probability of A hitting a target is
and that of B hitting is . They both fire at the target.
7
3
Find the probability that (i) at least one of them will hit the target, (ii) Only one of them will hit the
target.
LEVEL III
1.A class consists of 80 students; 25 of them are girls and 55 are boys, 10 of them are rich and the
remaining poor; 20 of them are fair complexioned. what is the probability of selecting a fair
complexioned rich girl.
2.Two integers are selected from integers 1 through 11. If the sum is even, find the probability that
both the numbers are odd.

LEVEL I
1. A coin is tossed thrice and all 8 outcomes are equally likely.
E : The first throw results in head F : The last throw results in tail
Are the events independent ?
1
2
3
2. Given P(A) = , P(B) =
and P(A B) = . Are the events independent ?
4
3
4
3. If A and B are independent events, Find P(B) if P(A B) = 0.60 and P(A) = 0.35.
(iv) Bayes theorem, partition of sample space and Theorem of total

probability
LEVEL I
1. A bag contains 6 red and 5 blue balls and another bag contains 5 red and 8 blue balls. A ball is
drawn from the first bag and without noticing its colour is put in the second bag. A ball is drawn from
the second bag . Find the probability that the ball drawn is blue in colour.
2. A card from a pack of 52 cards is lost. From the remaining cards of the pack, two cards are drawn
and are found to be both hearts . Find the probability of the lost card being a heart.
3. An insurance company insured 2000 scooter and 3000 motorcycles . The probability of an accident
involving scooter is 0.01 and that of motorcycle is 0.02 . An insured vehicle met with an accident.
Find the probability that the accidental vehicle was a motorcycle.
4. A purse contains 2 silver and 4 copper coins. A second purse contains 4 silver and 3 copper coins. If
a coin is pulled at random from one of the two purses, what is the probability that it is a silver coin.
5. Two thirds of the students in a class are boys and the rest are girls. It is known that the probability of
a girl getting first class is 0.25 and that of a boy is getting a first class is 0.28. Find the probability that
a student chosen at random will get first class marks in the subject.
75
LEVEL II
1. Find the probability of drawing a one-rupee coin from a purse with two compartments one of which
contains 3 fifty-paise coins and 2 one-rupee coins and other contains 2 fifty-paise coins and 3 onerupee coins.
2. Suppose 5 men out of 100 and 25 women out of 1000 are good orator. An orator is chosen at
random. Find the probability that a male person is selected. Assume that there are equal number of
men and women.
3. A company has two plants to manufacture bicycles. The first plant manufactures 60 % of the
bicycles and the second plant 40 % . Out of that 80 % of the bicycles are rated of standard quality at
the first plant and 90 % of standard quality at the second plant. A bicycle is picked up at random and
found to be standard quality. Find the probability that it comes from the second plant.
LEVEL III
1. A letter is known to have come either from LONDON or CLIFTON. On the envelope just has two
consecutive letters ON are visible. What is the probability that the letter has come from
(i) LONDON (ii) CLIFTON ?
2. A test detection of a particular disease is not fool proof. The test will correctly detect the disease 90
% of the time, but will incorrectly detect the disease 1 % of the time. For a large population of which
an estimated 0.2 % have the disease, a person is selected at random, given the test, and told that he has
the disease. What are the chances that the person actually have the disease.
3. Given three identical boxes I, II and III each containing two coins. In box I, both coins are gold
coins, in box II, both are silver coins and in box III , there is one gold and one silver coin.
A person chooses a box at random and takes out a coin. If the coin is of gold, what is the probability
that the other coin in the box is also of gold ?
[CBSE 2011]
(v) Random variables & probability distribution Mean & variance of random
variables
LEVEL I
1. Two cards are drawn successively with replacement from a well-shuffled deck of 52 cards. Find the
probability distribution of the number of spades
2. 4 defective apples are accidentally mixed with 16 good ones. Three apples are drawn at random
from the mixed lot. Find the probability distribution of the number of defective apples.
3. A random variable X is specified by the following distribution
X
2
P(X) 0.3
3
0.4
Find the variance of the distribution.

76
4
0.3
LEVEL III
1. A coin is biased so that the head is 3 times as likely to occur as a tail. If the coin is tossed twice.Find
the probability distribution of the number of tails.
2.The sum of mean and variance of a binomial distribution for 5 trials be 1.8. Find the probability
distribution.
4
8
and
respectively. Find P(X 1).
3. The mean and variance of a binomial distribution are
3
9
(vi) Bernoulli,s trials and Binomial Distribution

LEVEL II
1. If a die is thrown 5 times, what is the chance that an even number will come up exactly 3 times.
2. An experiment succeeds twice as often it fails. Find the probability that in the next six trials, there
will be at least 4 success.
3. A pair of dice is thrown 200 times. If getting a sum 9 is considered a success, find the mean and
variance of the number of success.

1. A four digit number is formed using the digits 1, 2, 3, 5 with no repetitions. Find the probability that
the number is divisible by 5.
2. The probability that an event happens in one trial of an experiment is 0.4. Three independent trials
of an experiment are performed. Find the probability that the event happens at least once.
3. A football match is either won, draw or lost by the host countrys team. So there are three ways of
forecasting the result of any one match, one correct and two incorrect. Find the probability of
forecasting at least three correct results for four matches.
4. A candidate has to reach the examination center in time. Probability of him going by bus ore scooter
3 1 3
or by other means of transport are , , respectively. The probability that he will be late is
10 10 5
1
1
and respectively. But he reaches in time if he uses other mode of transport. He reached late at the
4
3
centre. Find the probability that he traveled by bus.
5. Let X denote the number of colleges where you will apply after your results and P(X = x) denotes
your probability of getting admission in x number of colleges. It is given that
77
kx, if x 0, or 1
P(X = x) = 2kx, if x 2
, k is a + ve constant.
k (5 x ), if x 3 or 4
Find the mean and variance of the probability distribution. 1

6. A die is thrown again and again until three sixes are obtained. Find the probability of obtaining the
third six in the sixth throw of the die.
7. On a multiple choice examination with three possible answers(out of which only one is correct) for
each of the five questions, what is the probability that a candidate would get four or more correct
answers just by guessing ?
8. Two cards are drawn simultaneously (or successively) from a well shuffled pack of 52 cards. Find
the mean and variance of the number of red cards.
78
ANSWERS
TOPIC 1 RELATIONS& FUNCTIONS
(i) Domain , Co domain & Range of a relation
LEVEL I
1. R = { (3,5),(4,4),(5,3) },Domain = {3, 4, 5}, Range = {3, 4, 5}
2. Domain = {1, 2, 3,}, Range = {8, 9, 10}
(iii).One-one , onto & inverse of a function
LEVEL I
1. - f(x)
2. f-1(x) =
6.
1 x
1 x
4x 7
2
LEVEL II
5.f-1(x) =
3.6
(2x 5)
3
LEVEL II
6 . 4x 12x + 9
2
5.f f(x) = x
(v)Binary Operations
LEVEL I
5. 15
2. 4
2. {1, 5, 9}
7. e = 0, a 1
3. e = 5
4.50
x 6 1
3
1 b
8. Identity element (1 , 0), Inverse of (a , b) is ,
a a
6. f 1( x )
3. T1 is related to T3
a
a 1
TOPIC 2 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION

1. Principal value branch Table
LEVEL I
1.
2.
3.
6
6
3
LEVEL II
5
1.
2.
3.
5
6
2. Properties of Inverse Trigonometric Functions
LEVEL I
1. 0
3. 2
79
4.
3
4
LEVEL II
1.
1 1
tan x
2
LEVEL III
3.
1
6
4.
1
4
5.
1
2
1
1
8.
6
2
TOPIC 3 MATRICES & DETERMINANTS
1. Order, Addition, Multiplication and transpose of matrices:
LEVEL I
7.
6. x
1. 1 5, 5 1
3. 0
2.
[
4. 2 2, 3 3
]
LEVEL II
3.skew symmetric
4. a = 8, b = 8
LEVEL III.
1.[
] + [
2.[
(ii). Cofactors &Adjoint of a matrix

LEVEL I
2. 0
1. 46
(iii)Inverse of a Matrix & Applications

1. A-1
= -
1.[
2. A-1
LEVEL I
3. k = 17
LEVEL II
]3. 0
1.x = 1, y = 2, z = 3.
LEVEL III
2. x = 3, ,y = -2, z = 1. 3. AB = 6I, x = , y = - 1, z =
4.x = , y = -1, z = 1.
5. [
(iv). To Find The Difference Between | | |
||
80
1.
2. 27
1. 8
2. 49
LEVEL I
3.24
LEVEL II
4.
LEVEL III
1.a = 3
2. 125
(v). Properties of Determinants
LEVEL I
+
LEVEL II
2. [Hint: Apply C1 bC3 and C2 aC3]
1. x = 4
1a. 4
2.
LEVEL III
1c.
1b.
2. HINT
= (a + b + c)[(a - b)2 + (b - c)2 + (a - b)2 ]
3.[Hint : Multiply R1, R2 and R3 by a, b and c respectively and then take a, b, and c common
from C1, C2 and C3 respectively]
4.[Hint : Apply
R1 R1+ R3 and take common a + b + c]
5.Hint : Apply R1 aR1, R2 bR2, and R3 cR3]
6.[Hint : Multiply R1, R2 and R3 by a, b and c respectively and then take a, b, and c common
from C1, C2 and C3 respectively and then apply R1 R1+ R2 + R3]

3 5 / 2 0
1 1 / 2
3
4. 3
5 7 / 2 1
0 1 / 2
5 / 2 7 / 2 5 1 / 2 1 / 2 0
8. A
9 3 6
1
=
6 2 2 , x = 2, y = 1, z = 3
18
3 7 2
6. x = 8, y = 8 and A 1 =
1 5 1
8 7 3
8 0 0
9. AB = 0 8 0 , x = 3, y = 2, z = 1
0 0 8
15
25
10.
37 22
81
TOPIC 4 CONTINUITY AND DIFFRENTIABILITY

2.Continuity
LEVEL-I
2.Not Continuous
1.Continuous
2.3/4
LEVEL-II
4. Not Continuous
3.
1. 1 [Hint: Use 13.a = 1/2, b = 4
LEVEL-III
-2. 1 [Hint: Use
)(
)-
4. K = 2
3.Differentiation
LEVEL- I
1.Not Differentiable
(
3.
)(
2.
)
/
LEVEL-II
1. 2logxsin(logx)2/x
2.
4.
LEVEL-III
1 .
[hint: Put
2.
[ Hint: use
1.y = 1/(xlogxlog7)
=
) )
LEVEL-I
cos(log x )
2.
x
[Hint: Use log(ex) = loge+logx=1+logx]
LEVEL-II
2
2. 2logxsin(logx) /x
3.
82
) -
LEVEL-III
(
)1
2
4. x cot x cot x x log sin x 2x 14x 23
x2
(v) Parametric differentiation

2 2
2.
a

1. k = 5
dy
1
dx / 4
5.
7.
y sec2 x
1 x 2y
3
2
4. a , c
2.a = 3, b = 2,
4x
x log x sin x. loglog x
x2 1 2
cos x cos x
6. log x
1
,b R
2
9. [Hint: Put
10.
y tan x log cos y

x tan y log cox
TOPIC 5 APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES

1. Rate of change
27
LEVEL I
1.
(2x+ 1)2
8
LEVEL II
1.( 2 , 4)
2.64 cm2/min
3. 4.4 cm/sec
2. 9 km/h
4
2. cm/sec
45
3.8 cm2/sec
1
31
3.
cm/sec
1. (4 , 11) and 4,
3
10
2. Increasing & decreasing functions

LEVEL I
3.( 0, 3/4) U ( 7/4, 2) and (3/4, 7/4)
LEVEL II
1. (0 ,)
3. (0 , e) and (e, )
LEVEL III
1. (- , 0) U ( , ) &( - , -1/2) U ( 0,1/2)
3. Tangents &normals
LEVEL I
1. x + 3y - 8 = 0 & x + 3y + 8 =0
2. (0 , 0)
3. ( 1 , 0) & (1 , 4)
LEVEL II
1. 2x + 3 my 3am4 2am2 = 0
2. ( 3 , 45 ) & (3 , 27)
3. x + 14y 254 = 0 & x + 14y + 86 = 0
LEVEL III
1.80x 40y 103 = 0
3. a2 = b2[Hint: Use
4. Approximations
LEVEL I
1. 5.03
2. 4.042
3.0.2867
4. 7.036
LEVEL II
1. 2.16 cm
5 Maxima & Minima
LEVEL III
83
LEVEL I
LEVEL II
1.1 & 5
112
28
2.
cm ,
cm.
4
4
3 3
ab
4
LEVEL III
1.
3. 12, 12
3. Length =
3.
20
10
m , bredth
m.
4
4
46 3
30 6 3
m ,
11
11
1
cm/s
2. b 3cm 2 / s
48
5
5
4. in 0, ,2 and in ,
4 4
4 4
6. (a) y 2x 3 = 0 , (b) 36y + 12x 227 = 0
200
10.
m
7
3. in ( 2 , 1) and in (,2) (1, )
1.
5. (0 , 0) , ( 1 , 2), ( 1, 2)
8.(i) 2.962 (ii) 2.962
TOPIC 6 INDEFINITE& DEFINITE INTEGRALS

LEVEL I
1. tan(logex) + C
LEVEL II
1. 2 log e 1 x C
LEVEL III
1 m tan1 x
e
C
m
1 1 3
2. sec x C
3
2.
2. tan
1. 2 tan x C
cos x C
1
3. esin x C
3. log e 1 e x C
tan 2 x
3.
log e tan x C
2
(ii) ) Application of trigonometric function in integrals

LEVEL I
1.
3.
3
1
cos x cos 3x C
4
12
2.
1
sin 6x
x
C
2
6
x 1
1
1
sin 6x sin 4x sin 2x C
4 4
16
8
LEVEL II
1
tan 2 x tan 4 x
1. sec4 x C OR
C
4
2
4
LEVEL III
1. sin x sin x sin x C
2
3
1
5
2
3
2. sin 3x 2 sin x C
2.
sin 3 x sin 5 x
C
3
5
(iii) Integration using Standard results

LEVEL I
1.
LEVEL II
1.
1
1
1
1
x 1
1 3x 2
log e x
4x 2 9 C 2. tan 1
+ C 3. tan
+ C
2
2
3
9
3
3
2x 2 1
1
+C
tan 1
3
3
2x 1
C
5
2. tan1sin x 2 C 3. sin 1
84
LEVEL III
1. sin
1
2x
1
C
5
3. x 2 5x 6
2. x log x 2 x 1
2
2x 1
log
C
3
3
5
1
log x x 2 5x 6 C
2
2
4. sin 1 x 1 x 2 C [Hint: Put x=cos2 ]
2x 9
2
x 9x 20 C
2
5. 6 x 2 9x 20 34 log
(iv) Integration using Partial Fraction

1. 1 log( x 1) 5 log( x 2) C 2. log x 1 2 log x 2 log x 3 C
2
2
3
3
11 x 1
5
3. log
C
4
x 3 2x 1
LEVEL I
1.x 11log(x 1) + 16log(x 2) + C
LEVEL II
2.
1
1 3
log x
logx 2 C
4
2x 4
3. log x 1
1
5
log x 3 C
2x 1 8
1
x
1.log(x +2) log x 2 4 tan 1
2. log1 cos x log1 cos x 2 log1 2 cos x C
2
2
6
2
3
1
1
1
2x 1
3. log 1 x log 1 x x 2
tan 1
+ C [Hint: Partial fractions]
6
3
3
3
3
8
LEVEL III

LEVEL I
1.x.tanx + logcosx + C
LEVEL II
3.
2.xlogx x + C 3.ex.logsecx + C
x 3 1
x2 2 1 x2
sin x
C
3
9
1. x sin 1 x 1 x 2 C
2.
3. 1 x 2 sin 1 x x C
4. 2x tan1 x log 1 x 2 C
5.
LEVEL III
1
sec x. tan x logsec x tan x C
2
ex
1. x coslog x sin log x C 2.

C
2x
2
[Hint:,
( )
( )-
x
C
1 log x
x
4. e .tanx + C
e 2x
3 sin 3x 2 cos 3x C
5.
13
(vi) Some Special Integrals

LEVEL I
1.
x 4 x2
x 1 4x 2 1 1
2 log x 4 x 2 C 2.
sin 2x C
2
2
4
85
( )
LEVEL II
1.
2.
LEVEL III
x 2
x 2 4x 6
log x 2 x 2 4x 6 C
2
x 2
1 4x x 2 5 1 x 2
sin
C
2
2
5
1.
2.
1
1 x x2
3
3/ 2
1
2x 1 1 x x 2 5 sin 1 2x 1 C
16
8
5
3 / 2 11
1 2
11
x x
2x 1 x 2 x log 2x 1 2 x 2 x C
3
8
16

LEVEL II
5 tan x 1
C
5 tan x 1
2.
3 tan x 1
tan 1
C
2 2
2 2
2 tan x
tan 1
C
5
2 5
4.
1
2 tan x
tan 1
C
6
3
1.
2 5
3.
log
5. tan 1 tan 2 x C [Hint: divide Nr. and Dr. by
LEVEL III
1.
12
5
x log 3 cos x 2 sin x C
13
13
3. x
5.
6.
1
x 1 1
log
tan 1 x C
4
x 1 2
1
2 2
log
x 2 2x 1
x 2 2x 1
5 tan 4
2
1
2
C
6. tan
3
3
x 1
log cos x sin x C
2 2
x 2 1
1
C
4.
tan 1
3
3x
2.
1
tan x 1
1 tan x 2 tan x 1
tan 1
C

2
2 tan x 2 2 tan x 2 tan x 1
Definite Integrals
(i) Definite Integrals based upon types of indefinite integrals
LEVEL I
1.
1
3
log 6
tan 1 5
5
5
5 3
5
log 9 log
2 2
4
(ii) Definite integrals as a limit of sum
LEVEL I
1. 6
LEVEL II
LEVEL I
1. 5
1.
2.
64
231
2.
e2 2
e 2
4
5
3
3. log 9 log
2
4
2. 12
2. 1
86
3.
LEVEL II
LEVEL III
1.
2 2
4.
12
1.
2
2
2.
4
log 2 1
2.
2
3.
4
log 2
2
3.
log 2
8
19
2
LEVEL III
1.
1. log x 2 3x 18
1
8
3. 3x 2 sin 2x
2.
11
4
3. 4
x 1
c
6
2
x 3
log
c
3
x6
2. 3 5 2x x 2 2 sin 1
sin 4x
c
4
4. tan 1 1 tan
x
c
2
5.
18
1
x log 3 sin x 4 cos x c
15
25
6. x 1 x 2 sin 1 x c
7.
64
231
8.
9.
log 2
2
3 1
10.19/2
TOPIC 7 APPLICATIONS OF INTEGRATION

LEVEL I
1. 20 Sq. units
2. 6 Sq. units
(ii) Area of the region enclosed between Parabola and line
LEVEL II
1
1. Sq. units
4 2
LEVEL III
1.
23
6
2.
32 8 2
Sq. units
3
Sq. units
(iii) Area of the region enclosed between Ellipse and line

LEVEL II
1. 5( 2) Sq. units
(iv) Area of the region enclosed betweenCircle and line
LEVEL II
1. 4 Sq. units
LEVEL III
1
Sq. units
4 2
1.
(v) Area of the region enclosed between Circle and parabola

87
1. 2 4
LEVEL III
4 3
Sq. units
3
2.
4
(8 3 ) Sq. units
3
(vi) Area of the region enclosed between Two Circles
2 3 Sq. units
3
1.
LEVEL III
(vii) Area of the region enclosed between Two parabolas

LEVEL II
1. 4 Sq. units
(viii) Area of triangle when vertices are given
LEVEL III
1.4 Sq. units
2.
(ix) Area of triangle when sides are given

LEVEL III
1.8 Sq. units
LEVEL III
1.
2. 6 Sq. units
1
Sq. units
2
2.
3. 2 2 Sq. units
64
Sq. units
3
9
1. sq. units
8
5.
4.
15
Sq. units
2
1
Sq. units
2
4. 2 Sq. units
6. 9 Sq. units
2.
3
( 2) sq. units
4
1
sq. units
3
3.
1
sq. units
4 2
6. (8 3 ) sq. units
4
3
5.
2 3 sq. units
3
7.
8. 4 sq. units
TOPIC 8 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

1. Order
and degree of a differential equation
LEVEL I
1.order 2 degree 2
3. Formation of differential equation

d2y
dy
2 2y 0
2
dx
dx
LEVEL II
1.
LEVEL III
dy 2
d2y
1. 1 r 2 2
dx
dx
2. y 2 xy
2
88
23
sq. units
6
dy
0
dx
[Hint: y2=4ax]
4. Solution of differential equation by the method of separation of variables

LEVEL II
3. y =
1 2
x c
2
1. log 1 y x
2. e y sin x 1
1
log 1 x 2 (tan 1 x) 2 c
2
5. Homogeneous differential equation of first order and first degree

LEVEL II
1. log x log x y
y
c 0
x
x3
LEVEL III 1.cy log
4. y x y cx
7. y
y
2.sin 1 log x c
x
y
1
x
2
3. y ce 3y
x3 c
6. y
4 x
5. y 3x cx
2
2 2 c
x
3
x
6.Linear Differential Equations

LEVEL I 1. 1/x
LEVEL II1. y=cosx+c cos2x2.
y
1
e3 x c
x 1 3
x y
LEVEL III 1 tan
xc
2
3. xy =
2. x y 2e y cy 2 3. -
4. (x2+1)2 = -tan-1x + c [Hint: Use
5. x = 2y
d2y
x2
(2logx -1)+c
4
x
log x c
y

1. Order 2, Degree not defined
1
3. x tan1 y 1 Ce tan y
dy
dy
0
2. xy 2 x y
dx
dx
dx
4. y x 2 y2 Cx 2
89
2
1 log x C
x
5. ylogx =
6. y + 2x = 3x2y [Hint: use
x
y
7. 2e log y 2
8. y x 2
2
4 sin x
TOPIC 9
VECTOR ALGEBRA
(i)Vector and scalars, Direction ratio and direction cosines &Unit vector
LEVEL I
1.
i -
j -
17
17
2
1
2
4. i + j + k
3
3
3
17
5.7(
2. 5 i 10 j + 10 k
-
3.
1 1
1
i+
k
j +
3
3
3
LEVEL II
1.5(
)2. 3
3. 2 i - j + 4 k
LEVEL III
1. 2 2.P =
3.Cosine of the angle with y axis is 4.P
(ii)Position vector of a point and collinear vectors

LEVEL I
1. 4 i + j
= -(3 i + 2 j + 7 k )
2
LEVEL II
1. - 3 i + 3 k
(iii). Dot product of two vectors

LEVEL I
1.
1. a . b
=9
2.
3.
LEVEL II
90
1. = 15 i 27 j +5 k
2. =
3.=8
LEVEL III
2.
3.
(i) =
(ii) = 6
7. d = 64 - 2 -28
4. = 4
5.[Hint: Use (
) (
9.
(iv)Projection of a vector
LEVEL I
[Hint: Use projection of
1.
4.

| |
2.
3.
LEVEL III
1.[
i , 1 j , 1 k , = /3]
2 2
2
3. 1 = (3 - ),
- 3

LEVEL I
1. 12
2.
3. = 9
4.
LEVEL II
1.
= -3
3.
6
LEVEL III
1.
1 [Hint:
2.=
3. =
i k 5
2 j 2 2 i j
5.
(viii)Area of a triangle & Area of a parallelogram

LEVEL I
91
(5 i + 2 j + 2 k )
1.10
2.| a b
Sq. units
3.
21
Squnits [Hint : Use area
2
| ]
LEVEL II
61
.
2
3.

1. =1
2. 5
4. i + 2 j + k
3.
5. 3 i , 5
83
83
j,
7
83
TOPIC 10THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY

(i)Direction Ratios and Direction Cosines
LEVEL I
1.
3.
3
2
8
2. Ans.
,
,
77
77
77
LEVEL II
3 2 6
1. , ,
7 7 7
< -3,-2,6>
2.
3.
4.
1
1
1
,
,
3
3
3
(ii) Cartesian and Vector equation of a line in space & conversion of one
into another form
LEVEL I
x 1 y 2 z 3
1. = (5 - 4 + 6 ) + (3 + 7 - 2 ) 2.
2
6
3
3.
=
=
=
4. 2x 3y + z + 4 = 0
(iii)plane and skew lines

LEVEL II
1. Lines are intersecting & point of intersection is (3,0,-1).
92
[Hint: For Coplanarity use |
LEVEL III
2. Equation of AB is = (4 + 5 + 10 ) + (2 + 2 + 6 ).
3. Equation of BC is = (2 + 3 + 4 ) + ( + + 5 ). Coordinates of D are (3,4,5).
(iv) Shortest distance between two lines

LEVEL II
3 2
units , 4.
2
3
1(b)
units
19
1(a)
5.
1
3
6. Vector equation = (3 - 4 ) + (5 - 2 + 4 ) and distance = 7.75 units
3. 0
(v)Cartesian and Vector equation of a plane in space & conversion of one

into another form
LEVEL I
1.x = 0
2.
12x + 4y + 3z = 12
4. (a) x + y z = 2 (b) 2x + 3y 4 z = 1
3.
LEVEL II
1. 2x + 3y z = 20
3.,
2.
)- (
(vi) Angle Between (i)Two lines(ii)Two planes(iii)Line & plane

LEVEL-I
1. 600
2.
7
sin 1
2 91
3. = - 3
4.
LEVEL-II
93
5.
1. p = 3
(vii) Distance of a point from a plane

LEVEL-I
1. 1/3
2.
(0, 0, 0)
3.
5.[ b 2 c 2 ]
4.
LEVEL-II
1. (4 , 3, 7)
2. 6 units
3.
4.
13
LEVEL-III
Image (-3,5,2), Distance = units
1. Foot of perpendicular (-1,4,3),

2. 3x 4y + 3z -19 = 0
3. x + y z 2 = 0 ,
units.
(viii).Equation of a plane through the intersection of two planes

LEVEL-II
1.x y + 3z 2 = 0
2. Ans. 51x + 15y 50z + 173 = 0
3. 5x 4y z = 7
LEVEL-III
1.
x 2y + z = 0
3. x 19y 11z = 0
4.
(ix) Foot of perpendicular and image with respect to a line and plane
1. (1, -2, 7)
2.
LEVEL-II
3. Image of the point = (0,-1,-3)
(3, 5, 9)
LEVEL-III
1..
2. .
3. 12x - 4y + 3z = 169
4. (-1,4,-1)

1.17x + 2y 7z = 12
2. r = ( i 2 j 3 k ) + ( i + 2 j 2 k ),
5 7 17
3. , ,
3 3 3
94
4.ZERO
39 6 37
5. ,
,
7
7 7
8. [Hint: second line can also be written as
TOPIC 11LINEAR PROGRAMMING

(i) LPP and its Mathematical Formulation
LEVEL I
1. Z = 50x + 70y, 2x + y 8, x + 2y 10, x, y 0
(ii) Graphical method of solving LPP (bounded and unbounded solutions)

1. Minimum Z = 12 at (4, 0),
2. Maximum Z =
235
20 45
at ,
19
19 19
3 1
3. Minimum Z = 7 at ,
2 2
(iii) Diet Problem

LEVEL II
1. Least cost = Rs.110 at x = 5 and y = 30
2. Minimum cost = Rs.6 at x = 400 and y = 200

LEVEL II
1.Maximum profit is Rs. 120 when 12 units of A and 6 units of B are produced
2. For maximum profit, 25 units of product A and 125 units of product B are produced
and sold.

LEVEL II
95
1.Maximum annual income = Rs. 6,200 on investment of Rs. 40,000 on Bond A and
Rs. 30,000 on Bond B.
2. A should run for 60 days and B for 30 days.
LEVEL III
1.For maximum profit, 62 executive class tickets and 188 economy class ticket should be sold.

LEVEL III
1. Minimum transportation cost is Rs. 400 when 10, 0 and 50 packets are transported from factory at A
and 30, 40 and 0 packets are transported from factory at B to the agencies at P, Q and R respectively.

3 1
2. Minimum value is 5 at ,
2 2
3. Maximum is Rs 4.60 at (0.6 , 0.4)
4.Maximum is Rs.800 at (0 , 20)
5.8 items of type A and 16 items of type B 6.1 jar of liquid and 5 cartons of dry product.
7.Rs.4,000 in Bond A and Rs.14,000 in Bond B8. Minimum cost Rs.1350 at (5 , 3)
1. Minimum 155 at (0 , 5).
TOPIC 12PROBABILITY
LEVEL I
1. 0
LEVEL II
1.
LEVEL III
2.
5
14
2
5
3
3
1. and
4
5
(ii)Multiplication theorem on probability

LEVEL II
1.
8
65
2.(i)
LEVEL III
1.
5
512
2.
13
10
(ii)
21 [Hint : p(x>=1) = 1 P(x<0)
21
3
5

96
LEVEL I
1.Yes
2.Yes [check: P(A B) = P(A).P(B)]
3.
5
13
(iv) Bayes theorem, partition of sample space and Theorem of total

probability
LEVEL I
1.
93
154
2.
11
50
3.
3
4
LEVEL II
1.
1
2
2.
2
3
3.
3
7
LEVEL III
1.(i)
2.0.15
3.
2
3
12
5
(ii)
17
17
4.
19
42
5. 0.27
(v) Random variables & probability distribution , Mean & variance of

random variables
LEVEL I
LEVEL III
1.
X
P(X)
2.
X
0
1
2
3
P(X) 28/57 24/57 24/285 1/285
1.
X
P(X)
4 1
2. .
5 5
0
9/16
0
9/16
1
6/16
1
6/16
2
1/16
3. 0.6
2
1/16
3.
65
81
(vi) Bernoullis trials and Binomial Distribution

LEVEL II
1.
5
16
2.
496 200 1600

3.
,
9
81 [Hint: mean =np, variance=npq]
729

1.
1
4
2.0.784
3.
97
1
9
9
13
11
7.
243
4.
5.
19 47
,
8 64
6.
8. 1 and 1.47
98
625
23328
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. A textbook of Vector Analysis:
Author: Gibbs,J.Willard (1939-1903)
Publisher: New Heaven: Yale University Press
Language: English
Call Number: QA 261 G4 MATH
Digitizing Sponsor: Internet Archive
Book Contributor: University of California Berkeley
Collection: Open Source
2. A textbook of Vector Analysis : Shanti Narayan
Title: A textbook of Vector Analysis
Publisher: S.Chand Group
Author: Shanti Narayan
ISBN: 8121922437
No. of Pages: 408
3. Vector Analysis: Schaum Series Paperback: 225 pages
Publisher: McGraw-Hill; 1 edition (June 1, 1968)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 007060228X
4. Calculus & Analytical Geometry : Thomas & Finney
Publisher: Addison Wesley; 9thedition (May 3, 1996)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0201531801
ISBN-13: 978-0201531800
5. Set Theory : William Weiss
6. Vector Calculus : Jerold E. Marsden &Tromba
Hardcover: 704 pages
Publisher: W.H.freeman; 5th edition (August 1, 2003)
Language: English
99
ISBN-10:0716749920
ISBN-13: 978-0716749929
7. Calculus: Janes Stewart
Hardcover: 1368 pages
Publisher: Brooks Cole; 5th edition (December 24, 2002)
Language: English
ISBN-10:053439339X
ISBN-13: 978-0534393397
8. Elements of Probability : S.K.Gupta
Real Analysis: Shanti Narayan
Title: Elements of Real Analysis
Publisher: S.Chand Group
Author: Raisinghania, M.D, Shanti Narayan
ISBN: 8121903068
9. Tall D (1990) Understanding The Calculus, Mathematics Education Research Centre,

Warwick University
Some useful weblinks

http://www.meritnation.com
www.pioneermathematics.com
http://www.mathguru.com/
http://dicitionary.reference.com/
100
CLASS XII
MATHEMATICS
Units
Weightage (Marks)
(i)
Relations and Functions
10
(ii)
Algebra
13
(iii)
Calculus
44
(iv)
Vector and Three Dimensional Geometry
17
(v)
Linear Programming
06
(vi)
Probability
10
Total : 100
Unit I : RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

1.
(10 Periods)
Types of Relations : Reflexive, symmetric, transitive and equivalence

relations. One to one and onto functions, composite functions, inverse of
a function. Binary operations.
2.
(12 Periods)
Definition, range, domain, principal value branches. Graphs of inverse

trigonometric functions. Elementary properties of inverse trigonometric
functions.
Unit II : ALGEBRA
1.
Matrices
(18 Periods)
Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero matrix, transpose

of a matrix, symmetric and skew symmetric matrices. Addition,
multiplication and scalar multiplication of matrices, simple properties of
addition, multiplication and scalar multiplication. Non-commutativity of
3
XII Maths
multiplication of matrices and existence of non-zero matrices whose

product is the zero matrix (restrict to square matrices of order 2). Concept
of elementary row and column operations. Invertible matrices and proof
of the uniqueness of inverse, if it exists; (Here all matrices will have real
entries).
2.
Determinants
(20 Periods)
Determinant of a square matrix (up to 3 3 matrices), properties of

determinants, minors, cofactors and applications of determinants in finding
the area of a triangle. adjoint and inverse of a square matrix. Consistency,
inconsistency and number of solutions of system of linear equations by
examples, solving system of linear equations in two or three variables
(having unique solution) using inverse of a matrix.
Unit III : CALCULUS

1.
Continuity and Differentiability
(18 Periods)
Continuity and differentiability, derivative of composite functions, chain

rule, derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions, derivative of implicit
function. Concept of exponential and logarithmic functions and their
derivatives. Logarithmic differentiation. Derivative of functions expressed
in parametric forms. Second order derivatives. Rolles and Lagranges
mean Value Theorems (without proof) and their geometric interpretations.
2.
Applications of Derivatives
(10 Periods)
Applications of Derivatives : Rate of change, increasing/decreasing

functions, tangents and normals, approximation, maxima and minima (first
derivative test motivated geometrically and second derivative test given
as a provable tool). Sample problems (that illustrate basic principles and
understanding of the subject as well as real-life situations).
3.
Integrals
(20 Periods)
Integration as inverse process of differentiation. Integration of a variety of

functions by substitution, by partial fractions and by parts, only simple
integrals of the type to be evaluated.
dx
x 2 a2 ,
XII Maths
dx
2
x a
dx
2
a x
dx
dx
,
2
ax bx c
ax bx c
2
px q
ax 2 bx c dx ,
px q
2
ax bx c
ax 2 bx c dx and
dx , a 2 x 2 dx ,
px q
x 2 a 2 dx ,
ax 2 bx c dx
Definite integrals as a limit of a sum, Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

(without proof). Basic properties of definite integrals and evaluation of
definite integrals.
4.
Applications of the Integrals
(10 Periods)
Application in finding the area under simple curves, especially lines, area
of circles/parabolas/ellipses (in standard form only), area between the
two above said curves (the region should be clearly identifiable).
5.
(10 Periods)
Definition, order and degree, general and particular solutions of a

differential equation. Formation of differential equation whose general
solution is given. Solution of differential equations by method of separation
of variables, homogeneous differential equations of first order and first
degree. Solutions of linear differential equation of the type :
dy
p x y q x , where p x and q x are function of x .
dx
Unit IV : VECTORS AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY

1.
Vectors
(12 Periods)
Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector. Direction cosines/

ratios of vectors. Types of vectors (equal, unit, zero, parallel and collinear
vectors), position vector of a point, negative of a vector, components of
a vector, addition of vectors, multiplication of a vector by a scalar, position
vector of a point dividing a line segment in a given ratio. Scalar (dot)
product of vectors, projection of a vector on a line. Vector (cross) product
of vectors. Scalar triple product of vectors.
2.
Three-Dimensional Geometry
(12 Periods)
Direction cosines/ratios of a line joining two points. Cartesian and vector

equation of a line, coplanar and skew lines, shortest distance between
two lines. Cartesian and vector equation of a plane. Angle between
5
XII Maths
(i) two lines, (ii) two planes, (iii) a line and a plane. Distance of a point
from a plane.
Unit V : LINEAR PROGRAMMING

(12 Periods)
1.
Linear Programming : Introduction, definition of related terminology such

as constraints, objective function, optimization, different types of linear
programming (L.P.) problems, mathematical formulation of L.P. problems,
graphical method of solution for problems in two variables, feasible and
infeasible regions, feasible and infeasible solutions, optimal feasible
solutions (up to three non-trivial constraints).
Unit VI : PROBABILITY
1.
Probability
(18 Periods)
Multiplication theorem on probability. Conditional probability, independent

events, total probability, Bayes theorem, Random variable and its
probability distribution, mean and variance of haphazard variable. Repeated
independent (Bernoulli) trials and Binomial distribution.
XII Maths
CONTENTS
S.No.
Chapter
Page
1.
2.
3 & 4. Matrices and Determinants
17
23
5.
Continuity and Differentiation
39
6.
Applications of Derivatives
47
7.
Integrals
61
8.
Applications of Integrals
85
9.
90
10.
Vectors
101
11.
Three-Dimensional Geometry
111
12.
Linear Programming
122
13.
Probability
127
Model Papers
141
XII Maths
XII Maths
CHAPTER 1
RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

IMPORTANT POINTS TO REMEMBER
Relation R from a set A to a set B is subset of A B.
A B = {(a, b) : a A, b B}.
If n(A) = r, n (B) = s from set A to set B then n (A B) = rs.

and no. of relations = 2rs
is also a relation defined on set A, called the void (empty) relation.
R = A A is called universal relation.
Reflexive Relation : Relation R defined on set A is said to be reflexive

iff (a, a) R a A
Symmetric Relation : Relation R defined on set A is said to be symmetric

iff (a, b) R (b, a) R a, b, A
Transitive Relation : Relation R defined on set A is said to be transitive

if (a, b) R, (b, c) R (a, c) R a, b, c R
Equivalence Relation : A relation defined on set A is said to be

equivalence relation iff it is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
One-One Function : f : A B is said to be one-one if distinct elements

in A has distinct images in B. i.e. x1, x2 A s.t. x1 x2 f(x1) f(x2).
OR
x1, x2 A s.t. f(x1) = f(x2)

x1 = x2
One-one function is also called injective function.
9
XII Maths
Onto function (surjective) : A function f : A B is said to be onto iff

Rf = B i.e. b B, there exist a A s.t. f(a) = b
A function which is not one-one is called many-one function.
A function which is not onto is called into.
Bijective Function : A function which is both injective and surjective is

called bijective.
Composition of Two Function : If f : A B, g : B C are two

functions, then composition of f and g denoted by gof is a function from
A to C given by, (gof) (x) = g (f (x)) x A
Clearly gof is defined if Range of f domain of g. Similarly fog can be
defined.
Invertible Function : A function f : X Y is invertible iff it is bijective.

If f : X Y is bijective function, then function g : Y X is said to be
inverse of f iff fog = Iy and gof = Ix
when Ix, Iy are identity functions.
1.
g is inverse of f and is denoted by f
Binary Operation : A binary operation * defined on set A is a function

from A A A. * (a, b) is denoted by a * b.
Binary operation * defined on set A is said to be commutative iff

a * b = b * a a, b A.
Binary operation * defined on set A is called associative iff a * (b * c)

= (a * b) * c a, b, c A
If * is Binary operation on A, then an element e A is said to be the

identity element iff a * e = e * a a A
Identity element is unique.
If * is Binary operation on set A, then an element b is said to be inverse

of a A iff a * b = b * a = e
Inverse of an element, if it exists, is unique.
XII Maths
10
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (1 MARK)

1.
If A is the set of students of a school then write, which of following

relations are. (Universal, Empty or neither of the two).
R1 = {(a, b) : a, b are ages of students and |a b| 0}
R2 = {(a, b) : a, b are weights of students, and |a b| < 0}
R3 = {(a, b) : a, b are students studying in same class}
2.
Is the relation R in the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} defined as R = {(a, b) : b

= a + 1} reflexive?
3.
If R, is a relation in set N given by

R = {(a, b) : a = b 3, b > 5},
then does elements (5, 7) R?
4.
If f : {1, 3} {1, 2, 5} and g : {1, 2, 5} {1, 2, 3, 4} be given by

f = {(1, 2), (3, 5)}, g = {(1, 3), (2, 3), (5, 1)}
Write down gof.
5.
Let g, f : R R be defined by
g x
6.
If
x 2
, f x 3x 2. Write fog.
3
f : R R defined by
f x
2x 1
5
be an invertible function, write f1(x).

x
x 1, Write
x 1
7.
If f x
8.
Let * is a Binary operation defined on R, then if

(i)
fo f x .
a * b = a + b + ab, write 3 * 2
11
XII Maths
(ii)
9.
a *b
a b 2
3
, Write 2 * 3 * 4.
If n(A) = n(B) = 3, Then how many bijective functions from A to B can be

formed?
10.
If f (x) = x + 1, g(x) = x 1, Then (gof) (3) = ?
11.
Is f : N N given by f(x) = x2 is one-one? Give reason.
12.
If f : R A, given by
f(x) = x2 2x + 2 is onto function, find set A.
13.
If f : A B is bijective function such that n (A) = 10, then n (B) = ?
14.
If n(A) = 5, then write the number of one-one functions from A to A.
15.
R = {(a, b) : a, b N, a b and a divides b}. Is R reflexive? Give reason?
16.
Is f : R R, given by f(x) = |x 1| is one-one? Give reason?
17.
f : R B given by f(x) = sin x is onto function, then write set B.
18.
1 x
2x
, show that f
2f x .
If f x log
1 x
1 x 2
19.
If * is a binary operation on set Q of rational numbers given by a * b

then write the identity element in Q.
20.
If * is Binary operation on N defined by a * b = a + ab a, b N. Write

the identity element in N if it exists.
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (4 Marks)

21.
ab
5
Check the following functions for one-one and onto.

2x 3
7
(a)
f : R R , f (x )
(b)
f : R R, f(x) = |x + 1|
(c)
f : R {2} R, f x
XII Maths
3x 1
x 2
12
(d)
f : R [1, 1], f(x) = sin2x
22.
Consider the binary operation * on the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} defined by

a* b = H.C.F. of a and b. Write the operation table for the operation *.
23.
Let f : R
4
4
R
3
3
be a function given by f x
1
that f is invertible with f x
4x
. Show
3x 4
4x
.
4 3x
24.
Let R be the relation on set A = {x : x Z, 0 x 10} given by

R = {(a, b) : (a b) is multiple of 4}, is an equivalence relation. Also, write
all elements related to 4.
25.
Show that function f : A B defined as f x
3x 4
where
5x 7
7
3
A R , B R is invertible and hence find f 1.
5

5
26.
27.
Let * be a binary operation on Q. Such that a * b = a + b ab.

(i)
Prove that * is commutative and associative.
(ii)
Find identify element of * in Q (if it exists).
If * is a binary operation defined on R {0} defined by a * b

check * for commutativity and associativity.
28.
2a
b2
, then
If A = N N and binary operation * is defined on A as

(a, b) * (c, d) = (ac, bd).
(i)
Check * for commutativity and associativity.
(ii)
Find the identity element for * in A (If it exists).
29.
Show that the relation R defined by (a, b) R(c, d) a + d = b + c on

the set N N is an equivalence relation.
30.
Let * be a binary operation on set Q defined by a * b ab , show that

4
(i)
4 is the identity element of * on Q.
13
XII Maths
(ii)
Every non zero element of Q is invertible with

a 1
16
,
a
a Q 0 .
1
is bijective where R+ is the
2x
set of all non-zero positive real numbers.
31.
Show that f : R+ R+ defined by f x
32.
Consider f : R+ [5, ) given by f(x) = 9x2 + 6x 5 show that f is

1
invertible with f
x 6 1
.
3
33.
If * is a binary operation on R defined by a * b = a + b + ab. Prove that

* is commutative and associative. Find the identify element. Also show
that every element of R is invertible except 1.
34.
If f, g : R R defined by f(x) = x2 x and g(x) = x + 1 find (fog) (x) and

(gof) (x). Are they equal?
35.
f : [1, ) [2, ) is given by f x x
36.
f : R R, g : R R given by f(x) = [x], g(x) = |x| then find
fog
1
, find f 1 x .
x
2
2
and gof .
3
3
ANSWERS
1.
R1 : is universal relation.
R2 : is empty relation.
R3 : is neither universal nor empty.
2.
No, R is not reflexive.
3.
(5, 7) R
4.
gof = {(1, 3), (3, 1)}
5.
(fog)(x) = x x R
XII Maths
14
5x 1
2
6.
f 1 x
7.
fof x
8.
x
1
,x
2x 1
2
(i)
3 * 2 = 11
(ii)
1369
27
9.
10.
11.
Yes, f is one-one x 1, x 2 N x 12 x 22 .
12.
A = [1, ) because Rf = [1, )
13.
n(B) = 10
14.
120.
15.
No, R is not reflexive a, a R a N
16.
f is not one-one functions
f(3) = f (1) = 2
3 1 i.e. distinct element has same images.
17.
B = [1, 1]
19.
e = 5
20.
Identity element does not exist.
21.
(a)
Bijective
(b)
Neither one-one nor onto.
(c)
One-one, but not onto.
(d)
Neither one-one nor onto.
15
XII Maths
22.
*
24.
Elements related to 4 are 0, 4, 8.
25.
f 1 x
26.
0 is the identity element.
27.
Neither commutative nor associative.
28.
7x 4
5x 3
(i)
Commutative and associative.
(ii)
(1, 1) is identity in N N
33.
0 is the identity element.
34.
(fog) (x) = x2 + x
(gof) (x) = x2 x + 1
Clearly, they are unequal.
x x2 4
2
35.
f 1 x
36.
fog
2
0
3
gof
2
1
3
XII Maths
16
CHAPTER 2

IMPORTANT POINTS
sin1 x, cos1 x, ... etc., are angles.

If sin x and , then = sin1x etc.
2 2
Function
Domain
Range
(Principal Value Branch)
sin1x
[1, 1]

2 , 2
cos1x
[1, 1]
[0, ]
tan1x

,
2 2
cot1x
(0, )
sec1x
R (1, 1)
0,
cosec 1x
R (1, 1)

2 , 2 0
sin1 (sin x) = x x ,
2 2
cos1 (cos x) = x x [0, ] etc.
sin (sin1x) = x x [1, 1]

cos (cos1x) = x x [1, 1] etc.
17
XII Maths
1
sin1x cosec 1 x 1, 1
x
tan1x = cot1 (1/x) x > 0
sec1x = cos1 (1/x), |x| 1
sin1(x) = sin1x x [1, 1]

tan1(x) = tan1x x R
cosec1(x) = cosec1x |x| 1
cos1(x) = cos1x [1, 1]

cot1(x) = cot1x x R
sec1(x) = sec1x |x| 1
sin1 x cos 1 x
tan1 x cot 1 x
, x 1, 1
2
x R
2
sec 1 x cosec 1x
x 1
2
x y
tan1 x tan1 y tan1
;
1 xy
xy 1.
x y
tan1 x tan1 y tan 1
;
1 xy
xy 1.
2x
2 tan1 x tan 1
, x 1
1 x 2
2x
2 tan1 x sin1
, x 1,
1 x 2
1 x 2
2 tan1 x cos 1
, x 0.
1 x 2
XII Maths
18

1.
Write the principal value of

1
3 2
(ii)
cos
(iv)
cosec1 ( 2).
.
3
(vi)
sec1 ( 2).
3
1 1
1
cos tan 1 3
2
2
(i)
sin
(iii)
tan
(v)
cot
(vii)
sin
3 2 .
2.
What is value of the following functions (using principal value).
(i)
tan
1 2
1
sec
.
3
3
(iv)
cosec
tan1 (1) cot1 (1).
(v)
tan1 (1) + cot1 (1) + sin1 (1).
(vi)
sin
(viii)
sin
.
5
cosec
1 3
1
.
cos
2
2
sin
(iii)
(ii)
(vii)
tan
tan
.
6
2 sec
2.
cosec
.
4
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (4 MARKS)
3.
Show that tan
1 cos x
1 cos x
19
1 cos x
x
.

1 cos x
4
2
x [0, ]
XII Maths
4.
Prove
1
tan
5.
Prove
6.
Prove
cot
1 1 cos x
cos x

cot
1 sin x
1 cos x
4
tan
x 0, 2 .
2
2
x
a x
1 x
1
.
sin
cos
a
a
a2 x 2
1 8
1
1 8
1 300
2 tan cos
tan 2 tan sin
tan
.
17
17
161
7.
Prove
tan
8.
Solve
cot
1 x
1 x
2x cot
1
1 2

cos x .
2
4
2
1 x
1 x
3x
9.
m
m n
Prove that tan1 tan1
, m, n 0
n
m n 4
10.
2
1
x y
2x 1
1 1 y
cos
Prove that tan sin1
1 y 2 1 xy
2
2
2
1
11.
x 2 1 1
2x 2
Solve for x, cos1 2 tan1

x 1 2
1 x 2
3
12.
Prove that tan1
13.
Solve for
14.
1
1
32
Prove that 2 tan1 tan 1 tan 1
4
5
43
XII Maths
x,
1
1
1
1
tan1 tan1 tan1
3
5
7
8 4
tan cos 1 x sin tan1 2 ; x 0
20
1
3
tan cos 1
11
2
15.
Evaluate
16.
a cos x b sin x
a
tan 1 x
Prove that tan1
b cos x a sin x
b
17.
Prove that
1
cot tan1 x tan1 cos 1 1 2 x 2 cos 1 2 x 2 1 , x 0
x
18.
a b
b c
c a
tan 1
tan 1
0 where a, b,
Prove that tan1
1 ab
1 bc
1 ca
c > 0
19.
Solve for x, 2 tan1(cos x) = tan1 (2 cosec x)
20.
Express
21.
If tan1a + tan1b + tan1c = then
sin1 x 1 x x 1 x 2
in simplest form.
prove that a + b + c = abc

22.
If sin1x > cos1x, then x belongs to which interval?
ANSWERS
1.
2.
(ii)
(iii)
(vi)
2
3
(vii)
.
6
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(i)
(v)
21
(iv)
(iv)
(viii)
.
4
XII Maths
8.
11.
13.
5
3
19.
22.
, 1
21.
Hint:
15.
.
4
Let
20
tan1 a =
tan1 b =
tan1 c =
then given,
take tangent on both sides,

tan ( ) = tan
XII Maths
22
tan
2 3
12
11 3
3 11
sin1 x sin1 x.
CHAPTER 3 & 4
MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS

POINTS TO REMEMBER
Matrix : A matrix is an ordered rectangular array of numbers or functions.

The numbers or functions are called the elements of the matrix.
Order of Matrix : A matrix having m rows and n columns is called the

matrix of order mxn.
Square Matrix : An mxn matrix is said to be a square matrix of order n

if m = n.
Column Matrix : A matrix having only one column is called a column

matrix i.e. A = [aij]mx1 is a column matrix of order mx1.
Row Matrix : A matrix having only one row is called a row matrix
i.e. B bij 1xn is a row matrix of order 1xn.
Zero Matrix : A matrix having all the elements zero is called zero matrix
or null matrix.
Diagonal Matrix : A square matrix is called a diagonal matrix if all its non
diagonal elements are zero.
Scalar Matrix : A diagonal matrix in which all diagonal elements are

equal is called a scalar matrix.
Identity Matrix : A scalar matrix in which each diagonal element is 1, is

called an identity matrix or a unit matrix. It is denoted by I.
I = [eij]n
where,
1 if i j
eij
0 if i j
23
XII Maths
Transpose of a Matrix : If A = [ai j ]m n be an m n matrix then the

matrix obtained by interchanging the rows and columns of A is called the
transpose of the matrix. Transpose of A is denoted by A or AT.
Properties of the transpose of a matrix.
(i)
(iii)
(A) = A
(ii)
(A + B) = A + B
(kA) = kA, k is a scalar
(iv)
(AB) = BA
Symmetrix Matrix : A square matrix A = [aij ] is symmetrix if aij = aji

i, j. Also a square matrix A is symmetrix if A = A.
Skew Symmetrix Matrix : A square matrix A = [aij] is skew-symmetrix,

if aij = aji i, j. Also a square matrix A is skew - symmetrix, if A =
A.
Determinant : To every square matrix A = [aij] of order n n, we can

associate a number (real or complex) called determinant of A. It is denoted
by det A or |A|.
Properties
(i)
|AB| = |A| |B|
(ii)
|kA|n n = kn |A|n n where k is a scalar.

Area of triangles with vertices (x1, y1), (x2, y2) and (x3, y3) is given
by
x1
1
x2
2
x3
y1
y2
y3
1
1
1
x1
The points (x1, y1), (x2, y2), (x3, y3) are collinear x 2
x3
y1 1
y2 1 0
y3 1
Adjoint of a Square Matrix A is the transpose of the matrix whose

elements have been replaced by their cofactors and is denoted as adj A.
Let
XII Maths
A = [aij]n
adj A = [Aji]n
24
Properties
(i)
A(adj A) = (adj A) A = |A| I
(ii)
If A is a square matrix of order n then |adj A| = |A|n1
(iii)
adj (AB) = (adj B) (adj A).
[Note : Correctness of adj A can be checked by using

A.(adj A) = (adj A) . A = |A| I ]
Singular Matrix : A square matrix is called singular if |A| = 0, otherwise
it will be called a non-singular matrix.
Inverse of a Matrix : A square matrix whose inverse exists, is called
invertible matrix. Inverse of only a non-singular matrix exists. Inverse of
a matrix A is denoted by A1 and is given by
. adj . A
A
Properties
(i)
AA1 = A1A = I
(ii)
(A1)1 = A
(iii)
(AB)1 = B1A1
(iv)
(AT)1 = (A1)T
Solution of system of equations using matrix :

If AX = B is a matrix equation then its solution is X = A1B.
(i)
If |A| 0, system is consistent and has a unique solution.
(ii)
If |A| = 0 and (adj A) B 0 then system is inconsistent and has

no solution.
(iii)
If |A| = 0 and (adj A) B = 0 then system is either consistent and

has infinitely many solutions or system is inconsistent and has no
solution.
25
XII Maths
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (1 Mark)
1.
4
x 3
If
y 4 x y
5 4
3 9 , find x and y.
2.
i
If A
0
3.
Find the value of a23 + a32 in the matrix A = [aij]3
0
0
and B
i
i
i
, find AB .
0
3
if i j
2i j
where aij
.
i 2 j 3 if i j
4.
If B be a 4 5 type matrix, then what is the number of elements in the

third column.
5.
5 2
3 6
and B
If A
find 3 A 2B.
0 9
0 1
6.
2 3
1 0
If A
and B
find A B .
7 5
2 6
7.
2
If A = [1 0 4] and B 5 find AB .
6
8.
x 2
4
If A
is symmetric matrix, then find x.
2x 3 x 1
9.
3
0 2
2 0
4 is skew symmetrix matrix.
For what value of x the matrix
3 4 x 5
10.
2 3
If A
P Q where P is symmetric and Q is skew-symmetric
1 0
matrix, then find the matrix Q.
XII Maths
26
11.
a ib
Find the value of c id
12.
If
13.
k
For what value of k, the matrix
3
14.
sin 30
If A
sin 60
15.
2x 5
5x 2
c id
a ib
3
0, find x .
9
2
has no inverse.
4
cos 30
, what is |A|.
cos 60
Find the cofactor of a12 in
2
6
1
3
0
5
5
4
7
1 3 2
4 5 6 .
3 5 2
16.
Find the minor of a23 in
17.
1 2
Find the value of P, such that the matrix
is singular.
4 P
18.
Find the value of x such that the points (0, 2), (1, x) and (3, 1) are
collinear.
19.
Area of a triangle with vertices (k, 0), (1, 1) and (0, 3) is 5 unit. Find the
value (s) of k.
20.
If A is a square matrix of order 3 and |A| = 2, find the value of |3A|.
21.
If A = 2B where A and B are square matrices of order 3 3 and |B| =

5, what is |A|?
22.
What is the number of all possible matrices of order 2 3 with each entry
0, 1 or 2.
23.
Find the area of the triangle with vertices (0, 0), (6, 0) and (4, 3).
24.
If
2x 4 6 3
, find x .
1 x
2
1
27
XII Maths
25.
x y
If A z
1
y z
x
1
z x
y , write the value of det A.
1
26.
a11 a12
If A
such that |A| = 15, find a11 C21 + a12C22 where Cij is
a21 a22
cofactors of aij in A = [aij].
27.
If A is a non-singular matrix of order 3 and |A| = 3 find |adj A|.
28.
5 3
If A
find adj A
6 8
29.
Given a square matrix A of order 3 3 such that |A| = 12 find the value
of |A adj A|.
30.
If A is a square matrix of order 3 such that |adj A| = 8 find |A|.
31.
Let A be a non-singular square matrix of order 3 3 find |adj A| if |A| =

10.
32.
2 1
If A
find
3 4
33.
3
If A 1 2 3 and B 4 find |AB|.
0
A 1 1 .

34.
x y
Find x, y, z and w if
2x y
2x z
1

3x w
0
35.
Construct a 3 3 matrix A = [a ij] whose elements are given by
1 i j if i j
aij = i 2 j if i j
2
XII Maths
28
5
.
13
36.
1 2 3
3 0 1
and A 2B
Find A and B if 2A + 3B =
.
2 0 1
1 6 2
37.
1
If A 2 and B 2 1 4 , verify that (AB) = BA.
3
38.
3 1
3
Express the matrix 2 2

1 P Q where P is a symmetric and Q
4 5 2
is a skew-symmetric matrix.
39.
cos
If A =
sin
sin
cos n sin n
, then prove that An
cos
sin n cos n
where n is a natural number.
40.
2 1
5 2
2 5
Let A
, B
, C
, find a matrix D such that

3 4
7 4
3 8
CD AB = O.
41.
1 3 2 1
1
x
1
2 5 1 2 0
Find the value of x such that
15 3 2 x
42.
Prove that the product of the matrices

cos 2
cos 2
cos sin
cos sin
and
2
2
cos sin sin
cos sin sin
is the null matrix, when and differ by an odd multiple of
43.
.
2
5 3
2
1
If A
show that A 12A I = 0. Hence find A .
12 7
29
XII Maths
44.
2 3
2
If A
find f(A) where f(x) = x 5x 2.
4 7
45.
4
If A
2
46.
1 2 3
Find the matrix X so that X
4 5 6
47.
2 3
1 2
1
1 1
If A
and B
then show that (AB) = B A .

1 4
1 3
48.
3
, find x and y such that A2 xA + yI = 0.
5
7 8 9
2 4 6 .
Test the consistency of the following system of equations by matrix

method :
3x y = 5; 6x 2y = 3
49.
Using elementary row transformations, find the inverse of the matrix
6 3
, if possible.
A
1
2
50.
3 1
By using elementary column transformation, find the inverse of A
.
5 2
51.
cos
If A
sin
sin
and A + A = I, then find the general value of .
cos
Using properties of determinants, prove the following : Q 52 to Q 59.
52.
a b c
2a
2a
3
2b
b c a
2b
a b c
2c
2c
c a b
53.
x 2 x 3 x 2a
x 3 x 4 x 2b 0 if a, b, c are in A.P .
x 4 x 5 x 2c
54.
sin cos sin

sin cos sin 0
sin cos sin
XII Maths
30
c
b
55.
56.
59.
a ab
b
a b
2 2 2
4a b c .
2
a b
a
p q 2 p
x y
x
ac c
ac
bc
b
x b
b
b
q
y
c
r .
z
2
2 2 2
4a b c .
c
2
c
x x a b c .
x c
Show that :
x
yz
(i)
(ii)
61.
bc
60.
c a
r p
z x
x a
a
a
a
c
ab
58.
b c
q r
y z
a
57.
z y z z x x y yz zx xy .
xy
y
zx
If the points (a, b) (a, b) and (a a, b b) are collinear. Show

that ab = ab.
2
If A
2
0
Given A
2
5
4
and B
1
2
1
2
3
verity that AB A B .
5
0
2
and B 1
0
1
1
0 . Find the product AB and
1
also find (AB)1.

62.
Solve the following equation for x.
a x
a x
a x
a x
a x
a x
a x
a x 0.
a x
31
XII Maths
63.
0
If A
tan
2
that,
tan 2
and I is the identity matrix of order 2, show
0
cos
I A I A
sin
64.
sin
cos
Use matrix method to solve the following system of equations : 5x 7y

= 2, 7x 5y = 3.
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (6 MARKS)

65.
Obtain the inverse of the following matrix using elementary row operations
0 1 2
A 1 2 3 .
3 1 1
66.
1
1 1 2 2 0
0
2 3 9 2 3 to solve the system of equations

Use product
3 2 4 6 1 2
x y + 2z = 1, 2y 3z = 1, 3x 2y + 4z = 2.
67.
Solve the following system of equations by matrix method, where x 0,

y 0, z 0
2 3 3
1 1 1
3 1 2
10,
10,
13.
x y z
x y z
x y z
68.
1
where A 2
3
equations :
F ind A1,
2
3
3
3
2 , hence solve the system of linear
4
x + 2y 3z = 4
2x + 3y + 2z = 2
3x 3y 4z = 11
XII Maths
32
69.
The sum of three numbers is 2. If we subtract the second number from

twice the first number, we get 3. By adding double the second number
and the third number we get 0. Represent it algebraically and find the
numbers using matrix method.
70.
Compute the inverse of the matrix.
3
A 15
5
71.
If the matrix
1
6
2
1
A 0
3
1
5 and verify that A1 A = I3.
5
1
2
2
2
1
1
3 and B 0
1
4
2
3
0
0
1 ,
2
then
compute (AB)1.
72.
Using matrix method, solve the following system of linear equations :

2x y = 4, 2y + z = 5, z + 2x = 7.
0 1 1
A 2 3I
.
if A 1 0 1 . Also show that A 1
2
1 1 0
73.
Find A
74.
Find the inverse of the matrix A 1

0
column transformations.
75.
2 3
2
Let A
and f(x) = x 4x + 7. Show that f (A) = 0. Use this result
1
2
2
3
2
2
0 by using elementary
1
to find A5.
76.
cos sin 0
If A sin cos 0 , verify that A . (adj A) = (adj A) . A = |A| I3.
0
0
1
33
XII Maths
77.
2 1 1
For the matrix A 1 2 1 , verify that A3 6A2 + 9A 4I = 0, hence
1 1 2
find A1.
78.
Find the matrix X for which
3 2
7 5 . X
79.
By using properties of determinants prove the following :
1 a2 b 2
2ab
2b
2ab
1 a2 b 2
2a
2b
2a
1 a2 b 2
y z 2
80.
81.
1 1 2 1
.
2 1 0 4
xy
zx
2
xy
x z
yz
xz
yz
x y 2
2xyz x y z .
a
ab
a b c
2a 3a 2b 4a 3b 2c a 3 .
3a 6a 3b 10a 6b 3c
x
82.
If x, y, z are different and y
z
83.
1 a 2 b 2 .
x 2 1 x 3
y 2 1 y 3 0. Show that xyz = 1.
z2
1 z 3
If x, y, z are the 10th, 13th and 15th terms of a G.P. find the value of
log x
log y
log z
XII Maths
10 1
13 1 .
15 1
34
84.
Using the properties of determinants, show that :
1 a 1
1
1 1 1
1
1 b 1
abc 1 abc bc ca ab
a b c
1
1
1 c
85.
Using properties of determinants prove that
bc
b 2 bc
c 2 bc
a 2 ac
ac
c 2 ac ab bc ca
a 2 ab b 2 ab
86.
If
ab
3 2 1
A 4 1 2 , find A1 and hence solve the system of equations
7 3 3
3x + 4y + 7z = 14, 2x y + 3z = 4, x + 2y 3z = 0.
ANSWERS
1.
x = 2, y = 7
2.
0 1
1 0
3.
11.
4.
5.
9 6
0 29 .
6.
3 5
3 1 .
7.
AB = [26].
8.
x = 5
9.
x = 5
10.
0
1
11.
a2 + b2 + c2 + d2.
12.
x = 13
13.
14.
|A| = 1.
15.
46
16.
3
2
35
1
.
0
XII Maths
5
.
3
17.
P = 8
18.
19.
10
.
3
20.
54.
21.
40.
22.
729
23.
9 sq. units
24.
x = 2
25.
26.
27.
28.
8 3
6 5 .
29.
1728
30.
|A| = 9
31.
100
32.
11
33.
|AB| = 11
34.
x = 1, y = 2, z = 3, w = 4
35.
3 3 2 5 2
4 5
2 .
7
5 6
36.
9
11
7 7
A
1 18
7
7
9
5
7
7
,
B
4
4
7
7
40.
191
D
77
110
.
44
43.
45.
2
7
12
1
7
5

7
41.
x = 2 or 14
3
7
A 1
.
12 5
44.
f(A) = 0
x = 9, y = 14
46.
1 2
x
.
2 0
XII Maths
36
48.
Inconsistent
49.
Inverse does not exist.
50.
2 1
A 1
.
5 3
51.
2n
61.
1
AB
2
62
0, 3a
2
1 2
1
, AB
2
6 2
64.
2
.
1
11
24
65.
67.
2
4
5
2
1
2
3
3
2
2
1 .
1
2
1
1
1
x , y , z
2
3
5
x = 1, y = 2, z = 2
71.
AB 1 1 21 11 7 .
19
10 2
73.
1 1 1
1
1 1 1 .
2
1 1 1
, y
24
x = 0, y = 5, z = 3
6 17 13
1
14 5 8
67
15 9 1
70.
72.
x = 3, y = 2, z = 1.
68.
69.
16 12
66.
, n z
3
2 0 1
5 1 0
0 1 3
74.
37
3 2 6
1 1 2
2 2 5
XII Maths
75.
93
118
A5
.
31 118
77.
78.
16 3
X
.
24 5
83.
86.
x = 1, y = 1, z = 1.
XII Maths
38
3
1
1
4
1
1
3
1
1
1 .
3
CHAPTER 5
CONTINUITY AND DIFFERENTIATION

POINTS TO REMEMBER
A function f(x) is said to be continuous at x = c iff lim f x f c

x c
i.e., lim f x lim f x f c

x c
x c
f(x) is continuous in (a, b) iff it is continuous at x c c a, b .
f(x) is continuous in [a, b] iff

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
f(x) is continuous in (a, b)

lim f x f a ,
x a
lim f x f b
x b
Trigonometric functions are continuous in their respective domains.
Every polynomial function is continuous on R.
If f (x) and g (x) are two continuous functions and c R then at x = a
(i)
f (x) g (x) are also continuous functions at x = a.
(ii)
g (x) . f (x), f (x) + c, cf (x), | f (x)| are also continuous at x = a.
(iii)
f x
is continuous at x = a provided g(a) 0.
g x
f (x) is derivable at x = c in its domain iff
39
XII Maths
lim
x c
f x f c
f x f c
lim
, and is finite
x c
x c
x c
The value of above limit is denoted by f(c) and is called the derivative
of f(x) at x = c.
d
dv
du
u v u v
dx
dx
dx
d u

dx v
If y = f(u) and u = g(t) then
du
dv
u
dx
dx
v2
dy
dt
If y = f(u),
dy
du
du
f u .g t
dt
Chain Rule
x = g(u) then,
dy
dy
du
f u
.
dx
du
dx
gu
d 1
sin x
dx
1
1 x
d 1
1
tan x
,
dx
1 x2
d
1
sec 1 x
,
dx
x x2 1
d x
e
dx
ex ,
d
cos1 x
dx
1
1 x2
d 1
1
cot x
dx
1 x2
d
1
cosec 1x
dx
x x2 1
d
1
log x
dx
x
f (x) = [x] is discontinuous at all integral points and continuous for all x
R Z.
Rolles theorem : If f (x) is continuous in [ a, b ], derivable in (a, b) and

f (a) = f (b) then there exists atleast one real number c (a, b) such that
f (c) = 0.
XII Maths
40
Mean Value Theorem : If f (x) is continuous in [a, b] and derivable in

(a, b) then there exists atleast one real number c (a, b) such that
f c
f b f a
b a
f (x) = logex, (x > 0) is continuous function.

1.
For what value of x, f(x) = |2x 7| is not derivable.
2.
Write the set of points of continuity of g(x) = |x 1| + |x + 1|.
3.
What is derivative of |x 3| at x = 1.
4.
What are the points of discontinuity of f x
5.
Write the number of points of discontinuity of f(x) = [x] in [3, 7].
6.
x 3 if x 2
f
x
4 if x 2 is a continuous function for all

The function,
2x if x 2
x 1 x 1
.
x 7 x 6
x R, find .
tan3x
7.
For what value of K, f x sin2x
, x 0
2K ,
x 0
is continuous x R .
8.
Write derivative of sin x w.r.t. cos x.
9.
If f(x) = x2g(x) and g(1) = 6, g(1) = 3 find value of f(1).
10.
Write the derivative of the following functions :

(i)
(iii)
log3 (3x + 5)
e 6 loge
x 1
(ii)
log 2 x
,x 1
41
XII Maths
(iv)
sec 1 x cosec 1 x , x 1.
(v)
sin1 x 7 2
(vi)
logx 5, x > 0.

11.
12.
Discuss the continuity of following functions at the indicated points.
(i)
x x
, x 0
f x x
at x 0.
2,
x 0
(ii)
sin 2x
3x , x 0
g x
at x 0.
3
x 0
2
(iii)
x 2 cos 1 x x 0
f x
at x 0.
0
x 0
(iv)
f(x) = |x| + |x 1| at x = 1.
(v)
x x , x 1
f x
at x 1.
0
x 1
3x 2 kx 5,
For what value of k, f x
1 3x
0 x 2
is continuous
2 x 3
x 0, 3.
13.
For what values of a and b
f x
XII Maths
x 2
a
x 2
a b
x 2
2b
x 2
if x 2
if x 2
is continuous at x = 2.
if x 2
42
14.
Prove that f(x) = |x + 1| is continuous at x = 1, but not derivable at

x = 1.
15.
For what value of p,
x p sin 1 x x 0
f x
is derivable at x = 0.
0
x0
1
2
2x
dy
1
1
2 tan1 , 0 x 1, find
.
tan
2
x
dx
1 x
16.
If y
17.
1 x
dy
?
If y sin 2 tan1
then
1 x
dx
18.
If 5x + 5y = 5x+y then prove that
19.
If x 1 y 2 y 1 x 2 a then show that
20.
If
21.
If (x + y)m +
22.
2x
2x
w.r.t. sin1
.
Find the derivative of tan1
1 x 2
1 x 2
23.
Find the derivative of loge(sin x) w.r.t. loga(cos x).
24.
If xy + yx + xx = mn, then find the value of
25.
If x = a cos3, y = a sin3 then find
dy
5y x 0 .
dx
dy
1 y 2
.
dx
1 x 2
1 x 2 1 y 2 a x y then show that
= xm . yn then prove that
43
dy
1 y 2
.
dx
1 x 2
dy y
.
dx x
dy
.
dx
d 2y
.
dx 2
XII Maths
26.
x = aet (sint cos t)
If
y = aet (sint + cost) then show that
dy
at x is 1 .
dx
4
dy
.
dx
27.
1
2
If y sin x 1 x x 1 x then find
28.
If y x loge x loge x
29.
x
Differentiate x
30.
Find
31.
1 sin x
If y tan1
1 sin x
32.
1
If x sin loge
a
33.
Differentiate log x log x , x 1 w .r .t . x
34.
If sin y = x sin (a + y) then show that
35.
If y = sin1x, find
36.
If
37.
a cos
If y e
38.
If y3 = 3ax2 x3 then prove that
39.
Verify Rolle's theorem for the function, y = x2 + 2 in the interval [a, b]

where a = 2, b = 2.
40.
Verify Mean Value Theorem for the function, f(x) = x2 in [2, 4]
then find
dy
.
dx
w.r.t. x.
dy
y
x
, if cos x cos y
dx
1 sin x
dy
where 2 x find dx .
1 sin x
y then show that (1 x2) y xy a2y = 0.
2
dy sin a y
.
dx
sin a
d 2y
in terms of y.
dx 2
d 2y
b 4
x2 y2
.
then
show
that
1,
dx 2 a 2 y 3
a2 b 2
XII Maths
, 1 x 1, show that 1 x 2
44
d 2y
dy
x
a2 y 0
2
dx
dx
d 2 y 2a 2 x 2
.
dx 2
y5
ANSWERS
1.
x = 7/2
2.
3.
4.
x = 6, 7
5.
Points of discontinuity of f(x) are 4, 5, 6, 7 i.e. four points.

Note : At x = 3, f(x) = [x] is continuous. because lim f x 3 f 3 .
x 3
3
.
4
6.
7
.
2
7.
8.
cot x
9.
15
10.
(i)
(ii)
e log2
(iii) 6 (x 1)5
(iv)
7 x2 x
.
2 1 x 7
(vi)
(i) Discontinuous
(ii)
Discontinuous
(iv)
continuous
(v)
11.
3
log3 e
3x 5
(iii) Continuous
1
.log2 e.
x
loge 5
2
x loge x
(v) Discontinuous
12.
k = 11
13.
a = 0, b = 1.
15.
p > 1.
16.
22.
17.
x
1 x 2
23.
cot2x logea
24.
x
y 1
y x log y
dy x 1 log x yx
.
dx
x y log x xy x 1
45
XII Maths
25.
d 2y
1
cosec sec 4 .
dx 2 3a
28.
x log x
29.
x
dy
1
x x . x x log x 1 log x
.
dx
x log x
30.
dy y tan x logcos y
dx x tan y logcos x
31.
dy
1
.
dx
2
27.
2log x
x 1
log x
log log x .
x
log x
Hint. : sin
x
x

cos for x , .
2
2
2
1 log log x
, x 1
x
x
33.
log x log x
35.
sec2y tany.
XII Maths
dy
1
1
.
dx
1 x 2 2 x 1 x
46
CHAPTER 6
APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES
POINTS TO REMEMBER
Rate of Change : Let y = f(x) be a function then the rate of change of

y with respect to x is given by
dy
f x where a quantity y varies with
dx
another quantity x.
dy
or f x 0 represents the rate of change of y w.r.t. x at x = x0.
dx x x 0
If x = f(t) and y = g (t)

By chain rule
dy dy
dx dt
(i)
dx
dx
if
0.
dt
dt
A function f(x) is said to be increasing (non-decreasing) on an

interval (a, b) if x1 x2 in (a, b) f(x1) f (x2) x1, x2 (a, b).
Alternatively if f x 0 0 x a, b , then f(x) is increasing
function in (a, b).
(ii)
A function f(x) is said to be decreasing (non-increasing) on an

interval (a, b). If x1 x2 in (a, b) f(x1) f(x2) x1, x2 (a, b).
Alternatively if f(x) 0 x (a, b), then f(x) is decreasing
function in (a, b).
The equation of tangent at the point (x0, y0) to a curve y = f(x) is given
by
dy
y y0
x x0 .
dx x 0 , y 0
47
XII Maths
where
dy
slope of the tangent at the point x 0, y 0 .
dx x 0 ,y 0
dy
does not exist then tangent is parallel to y-axis at
dx x 0 , y 0
(x0, y0) and its equation is x = x0.
(i)
If
(ii)
If tangent at x = x0 is parallel to x-axis then
dy
0
dx x x 0
1
Slope of the normal to the curve at the point (x0, y0) is given by dy
dx x x 0
Equation of the normal to the curve y = f(x) at a point (x0, y0) is given by
y y0
1
x x 0 .
dy
dx x 0 ,y 0
dy
0. then equation of the normal is x = x0.
dx x 0 ,y 0
If
dy
If dx
does not exit, then the normal is parallel to x-axis and the
x 0 ,y 0
equation of the normal is y = y0.
Let
y = f(x)
x = the small increment in x and
y be the increment in y corresponding to the increment in x
Then approximate change in y is given by
dy
dy
x
dx
or
dy = f (x) x
The approximate change in the value of f is given by

f x x f x f x x
XII Maths
48
Let f be a function. Let point c be in the domain of the function f at which

either f (x) = 0 or f is not derivable is called a critical point of f.
First Derivative Test : Let f be a function defined on an open interval I.

Let f be continuous at a critical point c I. Then if,
(i)
f(x) changes sign from positive to negative as x increases through

c, then c is called the point of the local maxima.
(ii)
f(x) changes sign from negative to positive as x increases through

c, then c is a point of local minima.
(iii)
f(x) does not change sign as x increases through c, then c is

neither a point of local maxima nor a point of local minima. Such
a point is called a point of inflexion.
Second Derivative Test : Let f be a function defined on an interval I and

let c I. Then
(i)
x = c is a point of local maxima if f(c) = 0 and f(c) < 0.

f (c) is local maximum value of f.
(ii)
x = c is a point of local minima if f(c) = 0 and f"(c) > 0. f(c) is

local minimum value of f.
(iii)
The test fails if f(c) = 0 and f(c) = 0.

1.
The side of a square is increasing at the rate of 0.2 cm/sec. Find the rate
of increase of perimeter of the square.
2.
The radius of the circle is increasing at the rate of 0.7 cm/sec. What is
the rate of increase of its circumference?
3.
If the radius of a soap bubble is increasing at the rate of
4.
A stone is dropped into a quiet lake and waves move in circles at a speed
of 4 cm/sec. At the instant when the radius of the circular wave is 10 cm,
how fast is the enclosed area increasing?
1
cm sec. At
2
what rate its volume is increasing when the radius is 1 cm.
49
XII Maths
5.
The total revenue in rupees received from the sale of x units of a product
is given by
R(x) = 13x2 + 26x + 15. Find the marginal revenue when x = 7.
6.
Find the maximum and minimum values of function f(x) = sin 2x + 5.
7.
Find the maximum and minimum values (if any) of the function
f(x) = |x 1| + 7 x R .
8.
Find the value of a for which the function f(x) = x2 2ax + 6, x > 0 is
strictly increasing.
9.
Write the interval for which the function f(x) = cos x, 0 x 2 is

decreasing.
10.
What is the interval on which the function f x

increasing?
log x
, x 0, is
x
4 3
x is increasing?
3
11.
For which values of x, the functions y x 4
12.
Write the interval for which the function f x
13.
Find the sub-interval of the interval (0, /2) in which the function
f(x) = sin 3x is increasing.
14.
Without using derivatives, find the maximum and minimum value of

y = |3 sin x + 1|.
15.
If f (x) = ax + cos x is strictly increasing on R, find a.
16.
Write the interval in which the function f(x) = x9 + 3x7 + 64 is increasing.
17.
What is the slope of the tangent to the curve f = x3 5x + 3 at the point

whose x co-ordinate is 2?
18.
At what point on the curve y = x2 does the tangent make an angle of 45

with positive direction of the x-axis?
19.
Find the point on the curve y = 3x2 12x + 9 at which the tangent is
parallel to x-axis.
XII Maths
50
1
is strictly decreasing.
x
20.
What is the slope of the normal to the curve y = 5x2 4 sin x at x = 0.
21.
Find the point on the curve y = 3x2 + 4 at which the tangent is perpendicular
1
to the line with slope .
6
22.
Find the point on the curve y = x2 where the slope of the tangent is equal
to the y co-ordinate.
23.
If the curves y = 2ex and y = aex intersect orthogonally (cut at right

angles), what is the value of a?
24.
Find the slope of the normal to the curve y = 8x2 3 at x
25.
Find the rate of change of the total surface area of a cylinder of radius
r and height h with respect to radius when height is equal to the radius
of the base of cylinder.
26.
Find the rate of change of the area of a circle with respect to its radius.
How fast is the area changing w.r.t. its radius when its radius is 3 cm?
27.
For the curve y = (2x + 1)3 find the rate of change of slope at x = 1.
28.
Find the slope of the normal to the curve

x = 1 a sin ; y = b cos2 at
1
.
4
29.
If a manufacturers total cost function is C(x) = 1000 + 40x + x2, where

x is the out put, find the marginal cost for producing 20 units.
30.
Find a for which f (x) = a (x + sin x) is strictly increasing on R.

31.
A particle moves along the curve 6y = x3 + 2. Find the points on the curve
at which the y co-ordinate is changing 8 times as fast as the x coordinate.
32.
A ladder 5 metres long is leaning against a wall. The bottom of the ladder
is pulled along the ground away from the wall at the rate of 2 cm/sec.
How fast is its height on the wall decreasing when the foot of the ladder
is 4 metres away from the wall?
51
XII Maths
33.
A balloon which always remain spherical is being inflated by pumping in

900 cubic cm of a gas per second. Find the rate at which the radius of
the balloon increases when the radius is 15 cm.
34.
A man 2 meters high walks at a uniform speed of 5 km/hr away from a

lamp post 6 metres high. Find the rate at which the length of his shadow
increases.
35.
Water is running out of a conical funnel at the rate of 5 cm3/sec. If the

radius of the base of the funnel is 10 cm and altitude is 20 cm, find the
rate at which the water level is dropping when it is 5 cm from the top.
36.
The length x of a rectangle is decreasing at the rate of 5 cm/sec and the

width y is increasing as the rate of 4 cm/sec when x = 8 cm and y = 6 cm.
Find the rate of change of
(a)
Perimeter
(b) Area of the rectangle.
37.
Sand is pouring from a pipe at the rate of 12c.c/sec. The falling sand
forms a cone on the ground in such a way that the height of the cone is
always one-sixth of the radius of the base. How fast is the height of the
sand cone increasing when height is 4 cm?
38.
The area of an expanding rectangle is increasing at the rate of 48 cm2/

sec. The length of the rectangle is always equal to the square of the
breadth. At what rate is the length increasing at the instant when the
breadth is 4.5 cm?
39.
Find a point on the curve y = (x 3)2 where the tangent is parallel to the
line joining the points (4, 1) and (3, 0).
40.
Find the equation of all lines having slope zero which are tangents to the
curve y
1
.
x 2x 3
2
41.
Prove that the curves x = y2 and xy = k cut at right angles if 8k2 = 1.
42.
Find the equation of the normal at the point (am2, am3) for the curve
ay2 = x3.
43.
Show that the curves 4x = y2 and 4xy = k cut as right angles if k2 = 512.
44.
Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y 3x 2 which is parallel

to the line 4x y + 5 = 0.
XII Maths
52
45.
Find the equation of the tangent to the curve
x y a at the point
a2 a2
, .
4 4
16
.
3
46.
Find the points on the curve 4y = x3 where slope of the tangent is
47.
Show that
48.
Find the equation of the tangent to the curve given by x = a sin3t,
x y
1 touches the curve y = bex/a at the point where the
a b
curve crosses the y-axis.
y = b cos3 t at a point where t
49.
.
2
Find the intervals in which the function f(x) = log (1 + x)
x
, x 1
1 x
is increasing or decreasing.
50.
Find the intervals in which the function f(x) = x3 12x2 + 36x + 17 is

(a)
Increasing
(b)
Decreasing.
51.
Prove that the function f(x) = x2 x + 1 is neither increasing nor decreasing

in [0, 1].
52.
Find the intervals on which the function f x
53.
Prove that f x
54.
Find the intervals in which the function f(x) = sin4x + cos4x, 0 x
x
is decreasing.
x 1
2
x3
x 2 9 x, x 1, 2 is strictly increasing. Hence find
3
the minimum value of f (x).
is
2
increasing or decreasing.
55.
Find the least value of 'a' such that the function f(x) = x2 + ax + 1 is strictly
increasing on (1, 2).
53
XII Maths
56.
Find the interval in which the function f x 5x 2 3x 2 , x 0 is strictly

decreasing.
57.
Show that the function f(x) = tan1 (sin x + cos x), is strictly increasing on

the interval 0, .
4
58.
59.
Show that the function f x cos 2x is strictly increasing on
4
3
,
.
8 8
Show that the function f x

sin x
is strictly decreasing on 0, .
2
x
Using differentials, find the approximate value of (Q. No. 60 to 64).

1
60.
0.009 3 .
62.
0.0037 2 .
61.
255 4 .
63.
0.037.
64.
25.3 .
65.
Find the approximate value of f (5.001) where f(x) = x3 7x2 + 15.
66.
Find the approximate value of f (3.02) where f (x) = 3x2 + 5x + 3.

67.
Show that of all rectangles inscribed in a given fixed circle, the square
has the maximum area.
68.
Find two positive numbers x and y such that their sum is 35 and the
product x2y5 is maximum.
69.
Show that of all the rectangles of given area, the square has the smallest
perimeter.
70.
Show that the right circular cone of least curved surface area and given
volume has an altitude equal to
XII Maths
54
2 times the radium of the base.
71.
Show that the semi vertical angle of right circular cone of given surface
1
area and maximum volume is sin1 .
3
72.
A point on the hypotenuse of a triangle is at a distance a and b from the

sides of the triangle. Show that the minimum length of the hypotenuse is
2
a3
3
2 2
b3
73.
Prove that the volume of the largest cone that can be inscribed in a
8
sphere of radius R is
of the volume of the sphere.
27
74.
Find the interval in which the function f given by f(x) = sin x + cos x,
0 x 2 is strictly increasing or strictly decreasing.
75.
Find the intervals in which the function f(x) = (x + 1)3 (x 3)3 is strictly
increasing or strictly decreasing.
76.
Find the local maximum and local minimum of f(x) = sin 2x x,
x .
2
2
77.
Find the intervals in which the function f(x) = 2x3 15x2 + 36x + 1 is
strictly increasing or decreasing. Also find the points on which the tangents
are parallel to x-axis.
78.
A solid is formed by a cylinder of radius r and height h together with two

hemisphere of radius r attached at each end. It the volume of the solid
1
metre min. How
2
fast must h (height) be changing when r and h are 10 metres.
is constant but radius r is increasing at the rate of
79.
Find the equation of the normal to the curve

x = a (cos + sin ) ; y = a (sin cos ) at the point and show
that its distance from the origin is a.
80.
For the curve y = 4x3 2x5, find all the points at which the tangent passes
through the origin.
81.
Find the equation of the normal to the curve x2 = 4y which passes

through the point (1, 2).
55
XII Maths
82.
Find the equation of the tangents at the points where the curve 2y = 3x2
2x 8 cuts the x-axis and show that they make supplementary angles
with the x-axis.
83.
Find the equations of the tangent and normal to the hyperbola

at the point (x0, y0).
x2 y2
1
a2 b 2
84.
A window is in the form of a rectangle surmounted by an equilateral

triangle. Given that the perimeter is 16 metres. Find the width of the
window in order that the maximum amount of light may be admitted.
85.
A jet of an enemy is flying along the curve y = x2 + 2. A soldier is placed

at the point (3, 2). What is the nearest distance between the soldier and
the jet?
86.
Find a point on the parabola y2 = 4x which is nearest to the point (2,

8).
87.
A square piece of tin of side 18 cm is to be made into a box without top

by cutting a square from each cover and folding up the flaps to form the
box. What should be the side of the square to be cut off so that the
volume of the box is the maximum.
88.
A window in the form of a rectangle is surmounted by a semi circular

opening. The total perimeter of the window is 30 metres. Find the
dimensions of the rectangular part of the window to admit maximum light
through the whole opening.
89.
An open box with square base is to be made out of a given iron sheet of
area 27 sq. meter, show that the maximum value of the box is 13.5 cubic
metres.
90.
A wire of length 28 cm is to be cut into two pieces. One of the two pieces
is to be made into a square and other in to a circle. What should be the
length of two pieces so that the combined area of the square and the
circle is minimum?
91.
Show that the height of the cylinder of maximum volume which can be
inscribed in a sphere of radius R is
92.
2R
3
. Also find the maximum volume.
Show that the altitude of the right circular cone of maximum volume that
4r
can be inscribed is a sphere of radius r is
.
3
XII Maths
56
93.
Prove that the surface area of solid cuboid of a square base and given
volume is minimum, when it is a cube.
94.
Show that the volume of the greatest cylinder which can be inscribed in
a right circular cone of height h and semi-vertical angle is
4
h 3 tan2 .
27
95.
Show that the right triangle of maximum area that can be inscribed in a
circle is an isosceles triangle.
96.
A given quantity of metal is to be cast half cylinder with a rectangular box

and semicircular ends. Show that the total surface area is minimum when
the ratio of the length of cylinder to the diameter of its semicircular ends
is : ( + 2).
ANSWERS
1.
0.8 cm/sec.
2. 4.4 cm/sec.
3.
2 cm3/sec.
4. 80 cm2/sec.
5.
Rs. 208.
6.
Minimum value = 4, maximum value = 6.
7.
Maximum value = 7, minimum value does not exist.
8.
a 0.
9.
[0, ]
10.
(0, e]
11.
x 1
12.
( , 0) U (0, )
13.

0, .
6
14.
Maximum value = 4, minimum valve = 0. 15. a > 1.
16.
17. 7
18.
1 1
, .
2 4
19. (2, 3)
20.
1
4
21. (1, 7)
57
XII Maths
1
.
2
22.
(0, 0), (2, 4)
23.
24.
1
.
4
25. 6r
26.
2 cm2/cm
27. 72
28.
30.
a > 0.
31.
4, 11
33.
a
.
2b
29. Rs. 80.
32.
8
cm sec.
3
1
cm sec.
34.
2.5 km/hr.
35.
4
cm sec.
45
36.
(a) 2 cm/min, (b) 2 cm2/min
37.
1
cm sec.
48
38.
7.11 cm/sec.
39.
7 1
, .
2 4
40.
42.
2x + 3my = am2 (2 + 3m2)
44.
48x 24y = 23
45.
2x + 2y = a2
46.
128
8 128 8
,
, ,
.
3 27 3
27
48.
y = 0
49.
Increasing in (0, ), decreasing in (1, 0).
50.
Increasing in ( , 2) (6, ), Decreasing in (2, 6).
XII Maths
31
and 4, .
58
1
.
2
25
.
3
52.
( , 1) and (1, ).
53.
54.
Increasing in ,
4
55.
a = 2.
56.
Strictly decreasing in (1, ).
60.
0.2083
61.
3.9961
62.
0.06083
63.
0.1925
64.
5.03
65.
34.995
66.
45.46
68.
25, 10
74.
Strictly increasing in 0, , 2
4
4
Decreasing in 0,
2
.
4
5
Strictly decreasing in ,
.
4 4
75.
Strictly increasing in (1, 3) (3, )

Strictly decreasing in (, 1) (1, 1).
76.
Local maxima at x
Local max. value
6
3
2
6
Local minima at x
Local minimum value

77.
2
6
Strictly increasing in (, 2] [3, )

Strictly decreasing in (2, 3).
59
XII Maths
Points are (2, 29) and (3, 28).

78.
3
metres min.
79.
x + y tan a sec = 0.
80.
(0, 0), (1, 2) and (1, 2).
81.
x + y = 3
82.
5x y 10 = 0 and 15x + 3y + 20 = 0
83.
xx 0
a
yy 0
b
1,
y y0
2
a y0
x x0
b2x 0
0.
16
84.
6 3
85.
86.
(4, 4)
87.
3cm
88.
60
30
,
.
4 4
90.
112
28
cm,
cm.
4
4
XII Maths
60
CHAPTER 7
INTEGRALS
POINTS TO REMEMBER
Integration is the reverse process of Differentiation.
Let
These integrals are called indefinite integrals and c is called constant of

integration.
From geometrical point of view an indefinite integral is collection of family

of curves each of which is obtained by translating one of the curves
parallel to itself upwards or downwards along y-axis.
d
F x f x then we write
dx
f x dx F x c .
STANDARD FORMULAE
1.
2.
x n 1
c
x dx n 1
log x c
n
n 1
n 1
ax b n 1
c
a
n
1
ax b dx
1
log ax b c
a
3.
sin x dx
5.
tan x . dx
4.
cos x c .
n 1
n 1
cos x dx
sin x c .
log cos x c log sec x c .
61
XII Maths
6.
cot x dx
8.
cosec x . dx
log sin x c .
cot x c .
sec
9.
sec x . tan x . dx
10.
cosec x cot x dx
11.
sec x dx
12.
cosec x dx log cosec x cot x
13.
x
x
e dx e c .
15.
16.
1 x
17.
18.
19.
20.
1 x
1
x
dx
log
x c , x 1.
1
a
a x
c.
a x
log
2a
dx
x
a dx
x c.
2a
dx
c.
x c, x 1 .
XII Maths
14.
dx sec
cosec x c .
dx sin
1
x
x . dx tan x c .
log sec x tan x c .
dx tan
7.
tan
x a
c.
x a
1
c.
62
ax
c
log a
sec x c .
21.
22.
23.
1
a
1
2
a x
1
x
dx sin
c.
dx log x
a x
dx log x
a x dx
25.
a x dx
x
a
24.
26.
a x
a dx
sin
a x
c.
c.
c.
log x
a x
log x
c.
c.
RULES OF INTEGRATION
1.
k .f x dx k f x dx .
2.
k f x g x dx k f x dx k g x dx .
INTEGRATION BY SUBSTITUTION
1.
2.
f x
f x dx
log f x c .
n
f x f x dx
f x n 1
c.
n 1
63
XII Maths
3.
f x
f x
f x n 1
dx
c.
n 1
INTEGRATION BY PARTS
f x . g x dx
f x . g x dx
f x . g x dx dx .
DEFINITE INTEGRALS
b
f x dx
F b F a , where F x
f x dx .
DEFINITE INTEGRAL AS A LIMIT OF SUMS.

b
f x dx
a
where
f a f a h f a 2h
lim h
..... f a n 1 h
h0
b a
or
f x dx lim h
f a rh
h0
r 1
PROPERTIES OF DEFINITE INTEGRAL

b
1.
f x dx
f t dt .
a
f x dx f x dx f x dx .
a
4.
2.
3.
f x dx f x dx .
(i)
XII Maths
f x dx
f a b x dx .
(ii)
64
f x dx
f a x dx .
0
5.
f x 0; if f x is odd function.
a
6.
f x dx 20 f x dx ,
if f(x) is even function.
2a
7.
2a f x dx , if f 2a x f x
f x dx 0
0,
if f 2a x f x

Evaluate the following integrals
1
1.
3.
1
sin
x cos
x dx .
2.
dx .
1 sin2 x dx .
x8
6.
x log x log log x dx .

e
5.
99
cos4 x dx .
7.
4 3 sin x
log
dx .
4 3 cos x
8.
9.
cos 2x 2sin2 x
dx .

cos 2 x
10.
11.
c x dx .
8 x
dx .
x 8
4.
a log x
e x log a dx .
2
7
sin
x dx .
12.
65
d
f x dx .
dx
XII Maths
13.
sin2 x cos2 x dx .
15.
log e
dx .
e
17.
e x dx .
dx .
2
19.
x 1
21.
cos
23.
sec x .log sec x tan x dx .
dx .
14.
16.
ex
a x dx .
18.
x x 1
x
x 1
e
dx .
dx .
dx .
20.
22.
x cos 1 dx .
24.
cos x sin dx .
26.
x 2 dx .
28.
x cos x dx .
30.
32.
ax ax dx .
25.
cot x .logsin x dx .
27.
x 2 3 log x dx .
29.
1 cos x
dx .
sin x
x 1
33.
34.
0 x dx
x e 1 e x 1
dx .
xe ex
2
x log x dx .
31.
1 sin x
cos x dx .
XII Maths
where [ ] is greatest integer function.
66
35.
2
2
0 x dx
f x
36.
a f x f a b x dx .
38.
1x x dx .
39.
If
40.
a f x dx b f x dx .
37.
2 x dx .
0 1 x 2
, then what is value of a.

4
41.
(i)
x cosec
tan1x 2
1 x
dx .
(ii)
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
cos x a
(iii)
sin x a sin x b dx .
(iv)
cos x a dx .
(v)
cos x cos 2x cos 3x dx .
(vi)
cos
(viii)
cot
(vii)
sin
(ix)
x cos x dx .
sin x cos x
2
dx .
(x)
a sin x b cos x
6
(xi)
sin x cos x
2
dx .
(xii)
sin x cos x
67
dx .
x dx .
x cosec
x dx .
dx .
cos x cos x a
sin x cos x
dx .
sin 2x
XII Maths
42.
Evaluate :
(i)
x
4
dx .
*(ii)
x 6 log x
(iii)
1 x x
(v)
(vii)
(ix)
(xi)
43.
dx
7 log x 2
(iv)
x a x b
5x 2
2
dx .
3x
1
2
dx .
dx .
(viii)
2x 1
x 2
4x x
(x)
dx .
3x 2
x 1 dx .
Evaluate :
dx
(i)
x x
(ii)
1 cos x 2 3 cos x dx .
(iii)
cos
XII Maths
(vi)
sin x
sin cos
2
d .
cos 2
68
(xii)
x
x
1
9 8x x
sin x
dx .
sin x
x
2
dx .
dx .
6x 12
2
1 x x dx .
sec x 1 dx .
(iv)
(v)
(vii)
(ix)
(xi)
44.
x 1
x 1 x 2 x 3 dx .
x
x 2
x 2 x 1
dx .
(vi)
(viii)
dx
2x 1 x
sin x
sin 4x
(x)
dx .
(xii)
tan x dx .
x 2 1 x 2 2
x 3 3 x 2 4 dx .
dx
sin x 1 2 cos x .
x
x
4
dx .
1
dx .
81
Evaluate :
(i)
(iii)
ax
(v)
sin x dx .
cos bx c dx .
cos
x dx .
1 sin 2x
dx .
1 cos 2x
(vii)
2x
(ix)
2ax x dx .
(xi)
(xii)
log log x log x
(ii)
sec
(iv)
sin
(vi)
(viii)
(x)
x dx .
6x
1 9x
tan
dx .
x dx .
x 1
dx .
2
2x
x 2
x 12
dx .
2 sin 2x
dx .
1 cos 2x
1
dx .
69
XII Maths
45.
(xiii)
6x 5
(xiv)
x 2
(xv)
2x 5
(xvi)
6 x x dx .
x 3
dx .
x 3
4x 3 dx .
4x 8 dx .
Evaluate the following definite integrals :
(i)
sin x cos x
9 16 sin 2x
dx .
(ii)
(iii)
cos 2x log sin x dx .
x
0
1 x
1 x
1 2
2
2
(iv)
dx .
sin
1 x 2 3 2
dx .
(v)
sin
0
sin 2x
4
dx .
(vi)
x cos x
5x
2
dx .
4x 3
(vii)
x sin x
1 cos x dx .
0
46.
Evaluate :
3
(i)
x 1 x 2 x 3 dx . (ii)
XII Maths
70
1 sin x dx .
(iii)
log 1 tan x dx .
log sin x dx .
(iv)
(v)
x sin x
1 cos
dx .
x
2x x
3
f x dx where f x x 3 x 2
3x 2
when 2 x 1
(vi)
when 1 x 1
when 1 x 2.
(vii)
x sin x cos x
sin
0
(viii)
x
2
47.
dx .
x cos x
dx .
cos x b sin x
Evaluate the following integrals
(i)
(iii)
(v)
dx
1
(ii)
tan x
1 sin x
log
dx .
1 sin x
x tan x
sec x cosec x
sin
(iv)
e
0
dx .
(iv)
71
2x
dx .
2
1 x
e
cos x
cos x
a x
cos x
dx .
dx .
a x
XII Maths
48.
2x dx
0
log x log sin x
49.
51.
sin2x dx .
dx .
sin x
52.
sin x sin2x dx .
b
53.
log x 1 log x
50.
sin x dx .
54.
dx .
f x dx f a b x dx .
55.
1
sec x tan x dx .
56.
sin2 x
1 cos x dx .
57.
1 tan x
1 tan x dx .
58.
ax b x
c x dx .
59.
Evaluate
sin1 x cos 1 x
dx , x 0, 1
(i)
sin
(ii)
x 2 1 log x 2 1 2 log x
dx
x4
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
XII Maths
x cos 1 x
dx
x2
x sin x cos x
sin
dx
x
dx
a x
(vi)
72
sin x cos x
sin 2x
dx
(vii)
sin
x cos x dx
(viii)
dx ,
where [x] is greatest integer function
3
2
(ix)
x sin x dx .

60.
Evaluate the following integrals :
(i)
(iii)
5
5
dx .
(ii)
x
2x
dx
x 1 x
x 1 x 3
dx
(iv)
dx
dx
16
(v)
cot x dx .
tan x
(vi)
(vii)
1 x
0
61.
x tan
2 2
dx .
dx .
Evaluate the following integrals as limit of sums :

4
(i)
2x 1 dx .
(ii)
3 dx .
73
XII Maths
2
3x
(iii)
2x 4 dx .
3x
(iv)
2x
dx .
(v)
3x dx .
62.
Evaluate
1
cot
(i)
x x 2 dx
dx
sin x 2 cos x 2 sin x cos x
(ii)
(iii)
log 1 x
1 x2
63.
1
sin x sin2x dx .
65.
sec
x dx .
dx
2 log sin x
(iv)
log sin 2x dx .
3 sin 2 cos
64.
5 cos2 4 sin d .
66.
2x
cos 3x dx .
ANSWERS
1.
x c.
2.
2e 2
2
3.
tan x + c.
4.
8x
x9
x2
8log x
c.
log8 9
16
5.
6.
log | log (log x) | + c
XII Maths
74
8.
x a 1
ax
c
a 1 log a
7.
9.
tan x + c
10.
11.
x c 1 c x
c
c 1 log c
12.
f(x) + c
13.
tan x cot x + c
14.
2 32 2
32
x x 1 c
3
3
15.
log |x| + c
16.
e

a
17.
2x e x
c
log 2e
18.
2
x 13 2 2 x 11 2 c .
3
19.
log x 1
20.
2e
21.
x cos2 + c
22.
log x cos 1
c.
cos
23.
log sec x tan x 2 c
24.
log cos x sin

c
sin
25.
logsin x 2 c
26.
x4
1
3x 2
2
3 log x c.
4 2x
2
1
c.
x 1
log e a c
27.
1
log 2 3log x c .
3
28.
log |x + cos x| c
29.
2 log |sec x/2| + c.
30.
1
log x e e x c .
e
75
XII Maths
31.
x log x 2 c
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
b a
2
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
2 1
x 2 log ax
2x c .
2
a
(i)
1
1
log cosec tan 1 x 2 2 c .

2
(ii)
1 2
1
x x x 2 1 log x x 2 1 c .
2
2
1
(iii)
(iv)
sin a b
sin x a
sin x b
x cos 2a sin 2a log |sec (x a)| + c.
1
(v)
log
12x 6 sin 2x 3 sin 4x 2 sin 6x c .
48
2
sin x
(vi)
sin x
(vii)
1
1
1
1
2x sin 2x sin 4x sin 6x c .

32
2
2
6
(viii)
4
cot6 x
cot x
c.
6
4
sin x c .
(ix)
a2
c.
a sin x b cos x
[Hint : put a2 sin2 x + b2 cos2 x = t]

XII Maths
76
(x)
2 cosec a cos a tan x . sin a c .

[Hint. : Take sec2 x as numerator]
42.
(xi)
tan x cot x 3x + c.
(xii)
sin1 (sin x cos x) + c.
(i)
tan
3
(ii)
(iii)
log
2x 2
2 log x 1
1
c.
[Hint : put x2 = t]
[Hint : put log x = t]
3 log x 2
1
log
5 1 2x
5 1 2x
(iv)
x 4
sin1
c.
5
(v)
2 log
x a
x b c
(vi)
cos sin
cos x
sin . log sin x

cos
Hint :
5
(vii)
(viii)
(ix)
log 3 x 2x 1
sin x
sin x
11
tan
3 2
2
4 sin
2
2
sin x sin
sin x
3 x 1
c
2
x 3 log x 6 x 12 2 3 tan
4x x
sin x sin c
x 3
c
3
x 2
c
2
77
XII Maths
(x)
1 x x
3
2 2
2x 1 1 x x 2
sin
16
x 2
(xii)
log cos x
x 1
2
x x x 1
7
2
c

1
2
2 3
x x 1
log x
2
8
3
2
(xi)
2x 1
c
5
cos x cos x c
[Hint : Multiply and divide by
43.
(i)
log
7
(ii)
(iii)
x
x
c
1
1 cos x
log
2 3 cos x
2
log cos 2
3
(iv)
(v)
log 1 cos c .
3
log x 3
10
log x 2
15
x 4 log
x 2 2
x 1 c
x 1
(vi)
2
3
tan
x
1 x
3 tan c
3
2
[Hint : put x2 = t]
(vii)
XII Maths
2
17
log 2x 1
log x
17
1
34
78
tan
x
2
sec x 1 ]
(viii)
log 1 cos x
log 1 cos x
log 1 2 cos x c
[Hint : Multiply Nr and Dr by sin x and put cos x = t]
(ix)
1 sin x
log
(x)
1 sin x
log
(xi)
x
x
tan
44.
(i)
2 sin x
2 sin x
1
tan x
tan x 1
log

2 tan x
2 2
tan x
3 2
x 1
tan
log
4 2
x 1
(xii)
2 tan x 1
2 tan x 1
x2 9
c
3 2
1 3
3
3
x cos x sin x c
3
1
sec x tan x log sec x tan x c

2
[Hint : Write sec3x = sec x . sec2 x and take sec x as first function]
(ii)
(iii)
ax
a b
(iv)
2x tan
a cos bx
3x
c b sin bx c c1
log 1 9x
[Hint : put 3x = tan ]
3
(v)
(vi)
2 x sin x cos x c
3
x 4 1
x
x
1
tan
x
c.
4
12
4
79
XII Maths
1
(vii)
(ix)
(x)
2x
tan x c .
2
x a
2ax x
(viii)
sin
c.
2x
x a
c
a
x x 1
e
c.
x 1
(xi)
ex tan x + c.
(xii)
x log log x
c . [Hint : put log x = t x = et ]
log x
(xiii)
2 6 x x
2 32
25
2x 1
2
1 2x 1
8
6 x x
sin
c
5
8
4
(xiv)
(xv)
x 2 x 2 9 3 log x
9 c
4x 3
3
1
log x 2
x 2

2
x
4x 3
4x 3 c
(xvi)
x 2
1
45.
(i)
XII Maths
4x 8 2 log x 2
log 3.
(ii)
20
80
4x 8 c
(iii)
(v)
46.
[Hint : put x2 = t]
(vii)
/2.
(vi)
15
(viii)
47.
(i)
(iii)
log 2.
25
6
log .
5
2
x
sin x
Hint :
dx .
1 cos x
1 cos x
8.
(ii)
log 2.
(iv)
log 2.
4
95/12.
Hint :
(vii)
1
(v)
5 10 log
(iii)
(vi)
(i)
(iv)
f x dx
f x dx
f x dx
f x dx
16
Hint : Use
2ab
(ii)
12
0.
(iv)
81
f x
f a x
log 2.
2
/2.
XII Maths
(v)
(vi)
48.
1
2
49.
x cos x + sin x + c.
50.
x + log x + c.
51.
1
log sec x tan x c .
2
52.
1 sin3x

sin x
2
3
53.
2 2
54.
55.
log |1 + sin x| + c
56.
x sin x + c
57.
log |cos x + sin x| + c
58.
a c x b c x C.
log a c log b c
59.
a.
(i)
2 2x 1
2 x x2
sin1 x
x c
(ii)
2 1 x cos 1 x
(iii)
XII Maths
1
1
1 2
3
x
3 2
x x2 c
1
2
log 1 2 c
3
x
82
(iv)
sin x x cos x
c
x sin x cos x
(v)
x a tan1 x ax c
(vi)
2 sin1
(vii)
(viii)
(ix)
60.
(i)
3 1
2
3 5
3
1
2 .
x 4 log x
log x 1
log x 1
log x
tan
x c.
2
1
log
(ii)
(iii)
x 1
x 1
log x 1
2x
(vi)
log x
81
log x 3
8
x 2
tan
x 2
2
4
tan
10
log x 1
log
x log
10
(v)
(iv)
tan
c.
1
1
x
c .
2
27
2 x 3
c.
x
c .
2
2.
1
2 2
tan
x2
1
2x
1
4 2
83
log
x
x
2
2
2x 1
2x 1
XII Maths
(vii)
/8.
(i)
14.
(iii)
26.
(iv)
26
61.
(ii)
127 e
62.
2
141
(v)
(i)
log 2
2
(ii)
(iii)
log 2.
8
(iv)
1
log .
2
2
1
tan x x
log
c
5
2 tan x 1
63.
1
1
2
log 1 cos x log 1 cos x log 1 2cos x c .
6
2
3
64.
3log 2 sin
65.
1
1
sec x tan x log sec x tan x c .
2
2
66.
e 2x
2cos 3x 3 sin3x c .
13
XII Maths
4
c.
2 sin
84
CHAPTER 8
APPLICATIONS OF INTEGRALS
POINTS TO REMEMBER
AREA OF BOUNDED REGION
Area bounded by the curve y = f(x), the x axis and between the ordinates,
x = a and x = b is given by
b
Area =
f x dx
a
y
y = f(x)
y = f(x)
Area bounded by the curve x = f(y) the y-axis and between abscissas,
y = c and y = d is given by
d
Area =
f y
dy
y
d
d
x = f(y)
x = f(y)
c
c
x
O
85
x
XII Maths
Area bounded by two curves y = f(x) and y = g(x) such that 0 g(x)
f(x) for all x [a, b] and between the ordinate at x = a and x = b is given
by
Y
y = f(x)
B
A
y = g(x)
a
Area =
f x g x dx
a
Required Area
k
f x dx f x dx .
a
Y
y = f(x)
A2
O A
A1
B(k, 0) x = b
x=a

1.
Find the area enclosed by circle x2 + y2 = a2.
2.
Find the area of region bounded by x , y : x 1 y
3.
Find the area enclosed by the ellipse
x
a
XII Maths
86
2
2
y
b
2
2
2
25 x .
4.
Find the area of region in the first quadrant enclosed by xaxis, the line
y = x and the circle x2 + y2 = 32.
5.
Find the area of region {(x, y) : y2 4x, 4x2 + 4y 2 9}
6.
Prove that the curve y = x2 and, x = y2 divide the square bounded by

x = 0, y = 0, x = 1, y = 1 into three equal parts.
7.
Find smaller of the two areas enclosed between the ellipse
x
a
and the line
2
2
y
b
2
2
bx + ay = ab.
8.
Find the common area bounded by the circles x 2 + y 2 = 4 and

(x 2)2 + y2 = 4.
9.
Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the triangle
whose vertices are
(a)
10.
(1, 0), (1, 3) and (3, 2)
(b)
(2, 2) (0, 5) and (3, 2)
Using integration, find the area bounded by the lines.

(i)
x + 2y = 2, y x = 1 and 2x + y 7 = 0
(ii)
y = 4x + 5,
y = 5 x
and 4y x = 5.
11.
Find the area of the region {(x, y) : x2 + y2 1 x + y}.
12.
Find the area of the region bounded by

y = |x 1| and y = 1.
13.
Find the area enclosed by the curve y = sin x between x = 0 and x
3
2
and x-axis.
14.
Find the area bounded by semi circle y
15.
Find area of region given by {(x, y) : x2 y |x|}.
16.
Find area of smaller region bounded by ellipse
25 x
and x-axis.
1 and straight
line 2x + 3y = 6.
87
XII Maths
17.
Find the area of region bounded by the curve x 2 = 4y and line

x = 4y 2.
18.
Using integration find the area of region in first quadrant enclosed by
3 y and the circle x2 + y2 = 4.
x-axis, the line x

19.
Find smaller of two areas bounded by the curve y = |x| and x2 + y2 = 8.
20.
Find the area lying above x-axis and included between the circle
x2 + y2 = 8x and the parabola y2 = 4x.
21.
Using integration, find the area enclosed by the curve y = cos x,
y = sin x and x-axis in the interval 0, .

2
22.
Sketch the graph y = |x 5|. Evaluate
x 5 dx .
23.
Find area enclosed between the curves, y = 4x and x2 = 6y.
24.
Using integration, find the area of the following region :
x , y :
x 1 y
5 x2
ANSWERS
1.
a2 sq. units.
2.
1
25 sq . units.
4
2
3.
ab sq. units
5.
8.
10.
9
8
9
8
4.
1
sin
1
sq. units
3
2 3 sq. units
3
(a) 6 sq. unit
XII Maths
7.
(4 8) sq. units
2 ab
sq. units
9.
(a) 4 sq. units (b) 2 sq. units
[Hint. Coordinate of vertices are (0, 1) (2, 3) (4, 1)]
88
(b)
15
sq.
[Hint
: Coordinate of vertices are ( 1, 1) (0, 5) (3, 2)]
11.
sq. units
4
2
12.
13.
3 sq. units
14.
1 sq. units
25
sq. units
2
1
15.
17.
3
9
sq. units
16.
2 sq. units
2
sq. units
18.
sq. unit
19.
2 sq. unit.
20.
4
8 3 sq. units
3
21.
22.
13 sq. units.
23.
8 sq. units.
24.
1
5
sq. units
4
2
2 sq. units.
89
XII Maths
CHAPTER 9
POINTS TO REMEMBER
Differential Equation : Equation containing derivatives of a dependant

variable with respect to an independent variable is called differential
equation.
Order of a Differential Equation : The order of a differential equation is

defined to be the order of the highest order derivative occurring in the
differential equation.
Degree of a Differential Equation : Highest power of highest order

derivative involved in the equation is called degree of differential equation
where equation is a polynomial equation in differential coefficients.
Formation of a Differential Equation : We differentiate the family of

curves as many times as the number of arbitrary constant in the given
family of curves. Now eliminate the arbitrary constants from these
equations. After elimination the equation obtained is differential equation.
Solution of Differential Equation

(i)
Variable Separable Method

dy
f x, y
dx
We separate the variables and get
f(x)dx = g(y)dy
Then
(ii)
f x dx
g y dy
c is the required solutions.
Homogenous Differential Equation : A differential equation of

the form
XII Maths
dy
dx
f x, y
g x, y
90
where f(x, y) and g(x, y) are both
homogeneous functions of the same degree in x and y i.e., of the

form
dy
y
F is called a homogeneous differential equation.
x
dx
For solving this type of equations we substitute y = vx and then
dy
dv
. The equation can be solved by variable

dx
dx
separable method.
(iii)
v x
Linear Differential Equation : An equation of the from
dy
Py Q where P and Q are constant or functions of x only

dx
is called a linear differential equation. For finding solution of this
type of equations, we find integrating factor (I .F .) e
Solution is y I .F .
Q. I.F . dx
P dx .

1.
Write the order and degree of the following differential equations.
(i)
dy
(ii)
cos y 0.
dx
5
(iii)
d y
dx
(v)
(vii)
d 2y
sin x 2 .
dx
d 2y
1
2
dx
dx
d 3y
3
dx
d 2y
2
dx
(iv)
d y
dx
13
dy
dy
dx
(vi)
d y
dx
4.
dy
log
0.
dx
dy
1
dx
32
d y
dx
sin x .
91
(viii)
dy
dy
tan
0
dx
dx
XII Maths
2.
Write the general solution of following differential equations.

(i)
dy
(ii)
x .
(iv)
dx
(iii)
dy
dx
(v)
dy
x y
1 cos 2x
(vi)
dy
dx
1 cos 2y
1 2y
3x 1
Write integrating factor of the following differential equations

(i)
dy
y cos x sin x
dx
(ii)
dy
2
y sec x sec x tan x
dx
(iii)
(v)
(vii)
4.
dy
dx
dx
3.
(ex + ex) dy = (ex ex)dx
dy
4
y x .
dx
dy
3y x
dx
dy
1
dx
1 x
dy
y log x x y
dx
(iv)
(vi)
dy
y tan x sec x
dx
y sin x
Write order of the differential equation of the family of following curves

(i)
(iii)
(v)
y = Aex + Bex + c
(ii)
Ay = Bx2
(x a)2 + (y b)2 = 9
(iv)
Ax + By2 = Bx2 Ay
(vi)
y = a cos (x + b)
x
a
(vii)
XII Maths
2
2
y
b
2
2
0.
y = a + bex+c
92

5.
(i)
Show that y e
1 x 2 d
dx
(ii)
y
2
m sin
is a solution of
dy
2
m y 0.
dx
Show that y = sin(sin x) is a solution of differential equation

2
d y
dx
tan x
dy
2
y cos x 0.
dx
2
(iii)
x d y
dy
B
x
y 0.
Show that y Ax
is a solution of
2
dx
x
dx
(iv)
Show that y = a cos (log x) + b sin (log x) is a solution of
d y
dx
(v)
dy
y 0.
dx
Verify that y log x

equation :
a2
(vi)
x2
x 2 a2
d 2y
dx
satisfies the differential
dy
0.
dx
Find the differential equation of the family of curves

y = ex (A cos x + B sin x), where A and B are arbitrary constants.
6.
(vii)
Find the differential equation of an ellipse with major and minor

axes 2a and 2b respectively.
(viii)
Form the differential equation representing the family of curves

(y b)2 = 4(x a).
Solve the following differential equations.

(i)
dy
y cot x sin 2x .
(ii)
dy
2y x log x .
dx
dx
93
XII Maths
(iii)
dx
dy
(iv)
. y cos x
sin x
x
3
cos x
x 0.
x
dy
cos x sin x .
dx
7.
(v)
ydx x y
(vi)
ye dx y
dy
2xe
dy
Solve each of the following differential equations :
dy
dy
2
2y
.
dx
dx
(i)
y x
(ii)
cos y dx + (1 + 2ex) sin y dy = 0.
(iii)
x 1 y dy y 1 x dx 0.
1 x 2 1
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
dy
xy dx 0.
(xy2 + x) dx + (yx2 + y) dy = 0; y(0) = 1.
dy
y sin x cos x xy e .
dx
(vii)
8.
tan x tan y dx + sec2 x sec2 y dy = 0
Solve the following differential equations :

(i)
x2 y dx (x3 + y3) dy = 0.
(ii)
dy
xy y .
dx
(iii)
XII Maths
x 2 y 2 dx
2xy dy 0, y 1 1.
94
x
x
y sin
dx x sin y dy .
y
y
(iv)
dy
(vi)
dy
(viii)
2xy
dx
9.
10.
1 y
dx
1 x
3xy
(ix)
(v)
(vii)
dy
dx
dy
y
tan .
x
x
x y
2 y
x e .
dx
2
2
dx x 2 xy dy
(i)
Form the differential equation of the family of circles touching

y-axis at (0, 0).
(ii)
Form the differential equation of family of parabolas having vertex

at (0, 0) and axis along the (i) positive y-axis (ii) positive x-axis.
(iii)
Form differential equation of family of circles passing through

origin and whose centre lie on x-axis.
(iv)
Form the differential equation of the family of circles in the first

quadrant and touching the coordinate axes.
Show that the differential equation
dy
dx
x 2y
x 2y
is homogeneous and
solve it.
11.
Show that the differential equation :

(x2 + 2xy y2) dx + (y2 + 2xy x2) dy = 0 is homogeneous and solve it.
12.

(i)
dy
2y cos 3x .
dx
dy
2

y cos x 2 sin x cos x if y 1
2
dx
(ii)
sin x
(iii)
3e tan y dx 1 e
x
sec2 y dy
95
0
XII Maths
13.

(i)
(x3 + y3) dx = (x2y + xy2)dy.
(ii)
x dy y dx
(iii)
y
y
y x cos y sin dx
x
x
y dx .
y
y
x y sin x cos dy 0.
x
x
(iv)
x2dy + y(x + y) dx = 0 given that y = 1 when x = 1.

y
(v)
xe
y x
dy
0 if y(e) = 0
dx
(vi)
(vii)
16.
(x3 3xy2) dx = (y3 3x2y)dy.

dy
dx
y
cosec 0 given that y 0 when x 1
x
x

2
dy
tan x y .
dx
(i)
cos x
(ii)
x cos x
dy
y x sin x cos x 1.
dx
(iii)
x
x
1 e y dx e y 1 x dy 0.
(iv)
(y sin x) dx + tan x dy = 0, y(0) = 0.
XII Maths
96
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (6 MARKS EACH)

17.
y
y
y dx y sin y dx x dy x cos
x
x
(i)
x dy
(ii)
3ex tan y dx + (1 ex) sec2 y dy = 0 given that y
, when
4
x = 1.
dy
y cot x 2x x 2 cot x given that y(0) = 0.
dx
(iii)
ANSWERS
1.(i)
order = 1,
degree = 1
(ii)
order = 2, degree = 1
(iii)
order = 4,
degree = 1
(iv)
order = 5, degree is not defined.
(v)
order = 2,
degree = 2
(vi)
order = 2, degree = 2
(vii)
order = 3,
degree = 2
(viii)
2.(i)
3.(i)
y loge e e
(iv)
5x + 5y = c
2(y x) + sin 2y + sin 2x = c.
(vi)
2 log |3x + 1| + 3log |1 2y| = c.
esin
(ii)
etan x
2 log x c
4
(v)
(ii)
6
(iii)
order = 1, degree is not defined
e 1
c.
e 1
log x 2
(iii)
(v)
e1/x
1
x
97
(iv)
(vi)
sec x
XII Maths
tan
(vii)
4.(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(vii)
dy
x
dx
5.(vi)
d y
dx
d y
dx
2y 0
dx
(viii)
dy
dy

dx
(ii)
4 loge
x 1
7.(i)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
y = tan x 1 + cetan x
(vi)
x = y2ey + cy2
cy x 2 1 2y
(ii)
e x
xy
, x 0
1 x
log
x 2
XII Maths
1 y
1 y
1 y
1 y
2
2
dy
dx
(iv)
y sin x
(v)
= y
16
(iii)
dx
2 sin x
y sin x
xy
d y
6.(i)
2 sec y c
1 x
1 2
98
1 y
c
x
(vi)
log y
cos x
cos x xe
8.(i)
log tan y
cos 2x
x
3y
(ii)
log y c
(iii)
x2 + y2 = 2x
(iv)
y ce
(v)
y
sin cx
x
cos x y
(ix)
x log x y y cx
y
log x c
x
(vi)
c x
(viii)
sin
y sin
x c
2xy
dy
(ii)
2y x
2xy
dy
dy
dx
dx
(iii)
tan
1
v]
x
[Hint : Put
(vii)
9.(i)
1 cos 2x
x
cos 2x x 1 e c
16
3
(vii)
y 2x
dy
dx
dx
(iv)
10.
log x
11.
xy y
y '
c
x
x yy '
1
2 3 tan
x 2y
c
3x
y
99
XII Maths
3 sin 3x
2 cos 3x
2x
(ii)
y x log c x y
(ii)
cx
(iii)
y
xy cos c
x
(iv)
3x y y 2x
(v)
y x log log x , x 0
(vi)
c x y
(ii)
(iv)
2y = sin x
12.(i)
13
(iii)
13.(i)
(vii)
16.
sin x
13
tan y k 1 e
cos
ce
cosec x
x 3
(i)
sin x
cos x
c
x
x
x ye y c
(i)
y
c xy sec
x
(ii)
(1 e)3 tan y = (1 ex)3
(iii)
y = x2.
XII Maths
100
x y .
log x 1
y = tan x 1 + c e tan
(iii)
17.
CHAPTER 10
VECTORS
POINTS TO REMEMBER
A quantity that has magnitude as well as direction is called a vector. It

is denoted by a directed line segment.
Two or more vectors which are parallel to same line are called collinear
vectors.
Position vector of a point P(a, b, c) w.r.t. origin (0, 0, 0) is denoted by
OP , where OP ai b j c k and OP a 2 b 2 c 2 .
If A(x1, y1, z1) and B(x2, y2, z2) be any two points in space, then
AB x 2 x 1 i y 2 y 1 j z 2 z 1 k and
AB
x 2
x 1
y 2 y 1
z 2 z 1 .
If two vectors a and b are represented in magnitude and direction by
the two sides of a triangle taken in order, then their sum a b is

represented in magnitude and direction by third side of triangle taken in
opposite order. This is called triangle law of addition of vectors.
If a is any vector and is a scalar, then a is a vector collinear with
a and a
a .
If a and b are two collinear vectors, then a b where is some

scalar.
Any vector a can be written as a a a , where a is a unit vector in
the direction of a .
XII Maths
101
If a and b be the position vectors of points A and B, and C is any point
which divides AB in ratio m : n internally then position vector c of point
mb na
. If C divides AB in ratio m : n externally,
C is given as C
m n
mb na
.
then C
m n
The angles , and made by r ai b j ck with positive direction

of x, y and z-axis are called direction angles and cosines of these angles
are called direction cosines of r usually denoted as l = cos , m = cos ,

n = cos .
a
b
c
Also l , m , n and l2 + m2 + n2 = 1.
r
r
r
The numbers a, b, c proportional to l, m, n are called direction ratios.

Scalar product of two vectors a and b is denoted as a.b and is defined

as a.b a b cos , where is the angle between a and b (0 ).

Dot product of two vectors is commutative i.e. a b b a.
a b 0 a o, b o or

2
a a a , so i l j j
a b.
k k 1.
If a a 1i a 2 j a 3 k and b b 1l b 2 j b 3 k, then

a b = a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2.

a . b
Projection of a on b
and projection vector of
b
a . b
a along b
b.
b
Cross product or vector product of two vectors a and b is denoted as

a b and is defined as a b a b sin n . were is the angle

102
XII Maths
between a and b (0 ) and n is a unit vector perpendicular to both

a and b such that a , b and n form a right handed system.

Cross product of two vectors is not commutative i.e., a b b a ,

but a b b a .

a b o a = o , b = o or a || b .
i i j j k k o .
i j k, j k i, k i j and j i k, k j i, i k j
If a a1i a2 j a3 k and b b1i b2 j b3 k , then

i

a b a1
b1
k
a3
b3

a b
Unit vector perpendicular to both a and b .

a b

a b is the area of parallelogram whose adjacent sides are
a and b .
1
a b is the area of parallelogram where diagonals are a and b .

2

If a , b and c forms a triangle, then area of the triangle.
j
a2
b2
1
1
a b
b c =
c a .
2
2
2
Scalar triple product of three vectors a , b and c is defined as

a . b c and is denoted as a b c
XII Maths
103
Geometrically, absolute value of scalar triple product a b c represents

volume of a parallelepiped whose coterminous edges are a , b and c .

a , b and c are coplanar a b c 0

a b c b c a c a b
If
^
^
^
^
^
^
a a1 i a2 j a3 k ,
b b1 i b2 j b3 k &
^
^
^
c c1 i c 2 j c 3 k , then
a1
a b c b1
c1
a2
b2
c2
a3
b3
c3
The scalar triple product of three vectors is zero if any two of them are
same or collinear.

1.
What are the horizontal and vertical components of a vector
a of
magnitude 5 making an angle of 150 with the direction of x-axis.

2.
What is a R such that a x 1, where x i 2 j 2k ?
3.
When is
4.
What is the area of a parallelogram whose sides are given by

2i j and i 5k ?
x y x y ?
5.
What is the angle between a and b , If

a b 3 and a b 3 3.
6.
Write a unit vector which makes an angle of
7.
with x-axis and

with
4
3
z-axis and an acute angle with y-axis.
If A is the point (4, 5) and vector AB has components 2 and 6 along

x-axis and y-axis respectively then write point B.
104
XII Maths
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
What is the point of trisection of PQ nearer to P if positions of P and Q

are 3i 3 j 4k and 9i 8 j 10k respectively?
Write the vector in the direction of 2i 3 j 2 3 k , whose magnitude is
10 units.
What are the direction cosines of a vector equiangular with co-ordinate
axes?
What is the angle which the vector 3i 6 j 2k makes with the x-axis?
Write a unit vector perpendicular to both the vectors
3i 2 j k and 2i j 2k .
13.
What is the projection of the vector i j on the vector i j ?
14.
If
15.
For what value of ,
b 2i 6 j 3k ?
16.
What is
17.
18.

a 2, b 2 3 and a b , what is the value of a b ?
a i j 4k
is perpendicular to
a , if a b . a b 3 and 2 b a ?
What is the angle between a and b , if a b a b ?
In a parallelogram ABCD, AB 2i j 4k and AC i j 4k.

What is the length of side BC ?
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
What is the area of a parallelogram whose diagonals are given by vectors

2i j 2k and i 2k ?
Find x if for a unit vector a , x a . x a 12 .

If a and b are two unit vectors and a b is also a unit vector
then what is the angle between a and b ?

If i, j , k are the usual three mutually perpendicular unit vectors then
what is the value of i . j k j . i k k . j i ?
What is the angle between x and y if x . y x y ?
XII Maths
105
24.
25.
26.
Write a unit vector in xy-plane, making an angle of 30 with the +ve

direction of xaxis.

If a , b and c are unit vectors with a b c 0 , then what

is the value of a . b b . c c . a ?
If a and b are unit vectors such that a 2 b is perpendicular
to 5 a 4 b , then what is the angle between a and b ?

27.
If ABCDEF is a regular hexagon then using triangle law of addition prove

that :
AB AC AD AE AF 3 AD 6 AO
O being the centre of hexagon.
28.
Points L, M, N divides the sides BC, CA, AB of a ABC in the ratios

1 : 4, 3 : 2, 3 : 7 respectively. Prove that AL BM CN is a vector
parallel to CK where K divides AB in ratio 1 : 3.
29.
The scalar product of vector i j k with a unit vector along the sum
of the vectors 2i 4 j 5k and i 2 j 3k is equal to 1. Find the
30.
value of .

a , b and c are three mutually perpendicular vectors of equal
magnitude. Show that a b + c makes equal angles with
31.
1 1
a , b and c with each angle as cos
.
3
If 3i j and 2i j 3k then express in the form of
1 2 , where 1 is parallel to and 2 is perpendicular
to .
32.

If a , b ,
that a
c are three vectors such that a b c 0 then prove

b b c c a.
106
XII Maths
33.
34.
35.
36.
a 3, b 5, c 7 and a b c 0 , find the angle
between a and b .
If
Let a i j , b 3 j k and c 7i k , find a vector d which

is perpendicular to a and b and c . d 1.
If a i j k , c j k are the given vectors then find a vector

b satisfying the equation a b c ,
a . b 3.
Find a unit vector perpendicular to plane ABC, when position vectors of
37.
i j 3k and

For any two vector, show that a b
38.
Evaluate
39.
If a and b are unit vector inclined at an angle than prove that :
A, B, C are
(i)
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
sin
3i j 2k ,
2 a
2 a
2
2 a b
(ii)
For any two vectors, show that
4i 3 j k respectively.
a b .
2 .
tan

a b
2
a
2
a b
b
.
b
2
b .
a i j k , b i j 2 j and c xi x 2 j k^ . If c
lies in the plane of a and b , then find the value of x.

Prove that angle between any two diagonals of a cube is cos
1 .
3
Let a, b and c are unit vectors such that

a
b
a
c 0 and the
c .
, then prove that
angle between b and c is
a 2 b
6
Prove that the normal vector to the plane containing three points with

position vectors a , b and c lies in the direction of vector

b c c a a b.
XII Maths
107
45.
46.
47.

a , b , c are position vectors of the vertices A, B, C of a triangle
ABC
then
show
that
the
area
of

1
ABC is
a b b c c a .
2
If a b c d and a c b d , then prove that
a d is parallel to b c provided a d and b c .

If
Dot product of a vector with vectors i j 3k, i 3j 2k
and 2i j 4k is 0, 5 and 8 respectively. Find the vectors.

48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.

If a 5i j 7k, b i j k, find such that a b and

a b are orthogonal.

Let a and b be vectors such that a b a b 1,

then find a b .
If a 2, b 5 and a b 2i j 2k, find the value of

a b.

are three vectors such that
a, b, c
b c a and

a b c . Prove that a , b and c are mutually perpendicular to
each other and b 1, c a .
If a 2i 3 j, b i j k and c 3i k find a b c .
Find volume of parallelepiped whose coterminous edges are given by
vectors a 2i 3 j 4k, b i 2 j k, and c 3i j 2k.
Find the value of such that a i j k, b 2i j k and
c i j k are coplanar.
Show that the four points (1, 4, 3), (3, 2, 5) (3, 8, 5) and (3, 2, 1)
are coplanar.
For any three vectors a , b and c , prove that

108
XII Maths

a b
57.

b c

c a 2 a b c

For any three vectors a , b and c , prove that a b , b c

and c a are coplanar.
ANSWERS
5 3
3.
x and y are like parallel vectors.
1
3
2. a
1.
4.
126 sq units.
5.
6.
1 1
1
i j k
2
2
2
7. (6, 11)
8.
10.
12.
14
5, 3 , 6
1
1
3
3i 4 j k
26
9.
1
3
11.
4 i 6 j 4 3
k.
cos
3 .
7
13. 0
14.
15. 9
16.
17.
.
2
19.
3
sq. units.
2
18.
XII Maths
109
20.
22.
13
3
1
i j
2
2
24.
21.
2
3
23.
25.
3
2
26.
29.
= 1
31.
3
1
1
3
i j i j 3k .
2
2
2
2
33.
60
34.
35.
5 2
2
i j k.
3
3
3
36.
38.
2 a
41. x = 2
47.
i 2 j k
49.
52.
54.
= 1
1
1
3
i j k.
4
4
4
1
165
48.
73
50.
91
10
10i 7 j 4k .
53. 37
110
XII Maths
CHAPTER 11
THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY

POINTS TO REMEMBER
Distance between points P(x1, y1, z1) and Q(x2, y2, z2) is
PQ
(i)
x 2
x 1
y 2 y 1
z 2 z 1 .
The coordinates of point R which divides line segment PQ where

P(x1, y1, z1) and Q(x2, y2, z2) in the ratio m : n internally are
mx 2 nx 1 my 2 ny 1 mz 2 nz 1 .
,
m n ,
m n
m n
(ii)
The co-ordinates of a point which divides join of (x1, y1, z1) and
(x2, y2, z2) in the ratio of m : n externally are
mx 2 nx 1 my 2 ny 1 mz 2 nz 1 .
,
m n ,
m n
m n
Direction ratios of a line through (x1, y1, z1) and (x2, y2, z2) are x2 x1,
y2 y1, z2 z1.
Direction cosines of a line whose direction ratios are a, b, c are given by

a
l
a
(i)
(ii)
XII Maths
, m
a
, n
a
Vector equation of a line through point a and parallel to vector
b is r a b .
Cartesian equation of a line through point (x1, y1, z1) and having
direction ratios proportional to a, b, c is
111
x x1
y y1
z z1
.
a
b
c
(i)
Vector equation of line through two points

a and b is r a b a .
(ii)
Cartesian equation of a line through two points (x1, y1, z1) and
x x1
y y1
z z1
(x2, y2, z2) is x x y y z z .
2
1
2
1
2
1
Angle between lines r a 1 b 1 and r a 2 b 2 is given

b b
by cos 1 2 .
b1 b 2
Angle between lines
x x2
x x1
y y1
z z1
and
a2
a1
b1
c1
y y2
z z2
is given by
b2
c2
a 1a 2 b 1b 2 c 1c 2
cos
a1 b1 c 1 a 2 b 2 c 2
Two lines are perpendicular to each other if

b 1 b 2 0 or a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 0.
Equation of plane :
(i)
At a distance of p unit from origin and perpendicular to n is
r n p and corresponding Cartesian form is lx + my + nz = p

when l, m and n are d.c.s of normal to plane.
(ii)
(iii)

Passing through a and normal to n is r a . n 0 and
corresponding Cartesian form is a(x x 1) + b (y y 1) +
c(z z1) = 0 where a, b, c are d.r.s of normal to plane and
(x1, y1, z1) lies on the plane.
Passing through three non collinear points is

r a b a c a 0
112
XII Maths
x x1
or x 2 x 1
x3 x1
(iv)
(v)
H a v in g
y y1
y2 y1
y3 y1
in te rc e p ts
(i)
(ii)
a, b and c on co-ordinate axis is
x
y
z
1.
a
b
c
Planes passing through the line of intersection of planes

r n 1 d 1 and r n 2 d 2 is

r n 1 d 1 r n 2 d 2 0.

Angle between planes r n 1 d 1 and r n 2 d 2 is

n n
given by cos 1 2 .
n1 n 2
(iv)
Angle between a1x + b1y + c1z = d1 and a2x + b2y + c2z = d2

is given by
a 1a 2 b 1b 2 c 1c 2
cos
(iii)
z z1
z 2 z1 0
z 3 z1
.
2
2
2
2
2
2
a1 b1 c 1 a 2 b 2 c 2

Two planes are perpendicular to each other iff n 1 . n 2 0 or
a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 0.
Two planes are parallel iff
n 1 n 2 for some scaler
(i)
a1
b
c
1 1.
a2
b2
c2
Distance of a point a

a n d
.
(ii)
Distance of a point (x1, y1, z1) from plane ax + by + cz = d is
0 or
from plane

n d is
ax 1 by 1 cz 1 d
12.
(i)
.
2
2
2
a b c
Two lines r a 1 b 1 and r a 2 b 2 are coplanar.

Iff
a 2 a1
b 1 b 2 0 and equation of plane,

containing these lines is r a 1 b 1 b 2 0.
XII Maths
113
(ii)
x x1
y y1
z z1
and
a1
b1
c1
y y2
z z2
are coplanar Iff

b2
c2
Two lines
x x2
a2
x2 x1
a1
a2
y2 y1
b1
b2
z2 z1
c1
0
c2
and equation of plane containing them is

x x1 y y1 z z1
a1
b1
c1
0
.
a2
b2
c2
(i)

The angle between line r a b and plane r n d

b n
is given as sin .
b n
b
90
(ii)
The angle between line
x x1
y y1
z z1
and plane
a1
b1
c1
a2x + b2y + c2 z = d is given as

sin
(iii)
a 1a 2 b 1b 2 c 1c 2
2
a1
b1 c1 a2 b 2 c 2

A line r a b is parallel to plane r . n d

b n 0 or a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 0.
r = a + b
r . n =d
114
XII Maths

1.
What is the distance of point (a, b, c) from x-axis?
2.
What is the angle between the lines 2x = 3y = z and 6x = y = 4z?
3.
Write the equation of a line passing through (2, 3, 5) and parallel to line
x 1
y 2
z 1
.
3
4
1
4.
Write the equation of a line through (1, 2, 3) and perpendicular to
r i j 3 k 5.
5.
What is the value of for which the lines
x 1
y 3
z 1
and
2
5
x 2
y 1
z
are perpendicular to each other.

3
2
2
6.
7.
If a line makes angle , , and with co-ordinate axes, then what is the
value of
sin2 + sin2 + sin2 ?
Write line r i j 2 j k
into Cartesian form.
8.
If the direction ratios of a line are 1, 2, 2 then what are the direction
cosines of the line?
9.
Find the angle between the planes 2x 3y + 6z = 9 and xy plane.
10.
Write equation of a line passing through (0, 1, 2) and equally inclined to

co-ordinate axes.
11.
What is the perpendicular distance of plane 2x y + 3z = 10 from origin?
12.
What is the y-intercept of the plane x 5y + 7z = 10?
13.
What is the distance between the planes 2x + 2y z + 2 = 0 and

4x + 4y 2z + 5 = 0.
14.
What is the equation of the plane which cuts off equal intercepts of unit
length on the coordinate axes.
15.
Are the planes x + y 2z + 4 = 0 and 3x + 3y 6z + 5 = 0 intersecting?
16.
What is the equation of the plane through the point (1, 4, 2) and parallel
to the plane 2x + y 3z = 7?
XII Maths
115
17.
Write the vector equation of the plane which is at a distance of 8 units

from the origin and is normal to the vector 2i j 2k .
18.
What is equation of the plane if the foot of perpendicular from origin to

this plane is (2, 3, 4)?
19.
Find the angles between the planes
r 3i 6j 2k 0.
20.
What is the angle between the line
22.
23.
plane 2x + y 2z + 4 = 0?
21.
x 1
r i 2j 2k 1 and
2y 1
4
2 z
and the
If O is origin OP = 3 with direction ratios proportional to 1, 2, 2 then

what are the coordinates of P?
What is the distance between the line r 2i 2 j 3k i j 4k
from the plane r . i 5 j k 5 0.
Write the line 2x = 3y = 4z in vector form.

24.
The line
x 4
2y 4
k z
lies exactly in the plane
1
2
2
2x 4y + z = 7. Find the value of k.

25.
Find the equation of a plane containing the points (0, 1, 1), (4, 4, 4)
and (4, 5, 1). Also show that (3, 9, 4) lies on that plane.
26.
Find the equation
r 5i 3 j 6k
of the planes r
27.
of the plane which is perpendicular to the plane

the line of intersection
8 0 & which is containing
i 2j 3k 4 and r 2i j k 5 0.
If l 1, m1, n1, and l2, m2, n2 are direction cosines of two mutually
perpendicular lines, show that the direction cosines of line perpendicular
to both of them are
m1n2 n1m2, n1l2 l1n2, l1m2 m1l2.
116
XII Maths
28.
Find vector and Cartesian equation of a line passing through a point with
position vectors 2i j k and which is parallel to the line joining the
points with position vectors i 4 j k and i 2 j 2k.
29.
Find the equation of the plane passing through the point (3, 4, 2) and
(7, 0, 6) and is perpendicular to the plane 2x 5y = 15.
30.
Find equation of plane through line of intersection of planes
r 2i 6 j 12 0 and r 3i j 4k 0 which is at a unit

distance from origin.
31.
Find the image of the point (3, 2, 1) in the plane 3x y + 4z = 2.
32.
Find the equation of a line passing through (2, 0, 5) and which is parallel
to line 6x 2 = 3y + 1 = 2z 2.
33.
Find image (reflection) of the point (7, 4, 3) in the line
y 1
z 2
34.
Find equations of a plane passing through the points (2, 1, 0) and

(3, 4, 5) and parallel to the line 2x = 3y = 4z.
35.
Find distance of the point ( 1, 5, 10) from the point of intersection

of line
x 2
3
y 1
4
z 2
and the plane x y + z = 5.
12
36.
Find equation of the plane passing through the points (2, 3, 4) and
(1, 1, 3) and parallel to the xaxis.
37.
Find the distance of the point (1, 2, 3) from the plane x y + z = 5,

measured parallel to the line
y
3
38.
Find the equation of the plane passing through the intersection of two
plane 3x 4y + 5z = 10, 2x + 2y 3z = 4 and parallel to the line
x = 2y = 3z.
39.
Find the distance between the planes 2x + 3y 4z + 5 = 0 and
r . 4 i 6 j 8
k 11.
40.
Find the equations of the planes parallel to the plane x 2y + 2z 3 = 0

whose perpendicular distance from the point (1, 2, 3) is 1 unit.
XII Maths
117
41.
Show that the lines
x 1
y 3
z 5
and
3
5
7
z 6
intersect each other. Find the point of
5
x 2
y 4
1
3
intersection.
42.
Find the shortest distance between the lines
r l 2j 3k 2i 3j 4k and
r 2i 4 j 5k 3i 4 j 5k .
43.
Find the distance of the point (2, 3, 4) from the line
x 2
2y 3
3z 4
measured parallel to the plane 4x + 12y 3z + 1 = 0.

4
5
44.
Find the equation of plane passing through the point (1, 1, 2) and
perpendicular to each of the plane
r 2i 3 j 3k 2 and r 5i 4 j k 6.
45.
Find the equation of a plane passing through (1, 3, 2) and parallel to

each of the line
46.
x
y
z
x 2
y 1
z 1
.
and
1
2
3
3
2
5
Show that the plane r i 3 j 5k 7
r i 3 j 3k 3i j .
contains the line

47.
Check the coplanarity of lines
r 3i j 5k 3i j 5k
r i 2 j 5k i 2 j 5k
If they are coplanar, find equation of the plane containing the lines.
48.
Find shortest distance between the lines :

x 8
y 19
z 10
x 15
y 29
z 5
and
.
3
16
7
3
8
5
118
XII Maths
49.
Find shortest distance between the lines :
r 1 i 2 j 3 2 k
r 1 i 2 1 j 2 1 k .
50.
51.
52.
A variable plane is at a constant distance 3 p
from the origin and meets

the coordinate axes in A, B and C. If the centroid of ABC is (), then
show that 2 + 2 + 2 = p2.
A vector n of magnitude 8 units is inclined to xaxis at 45, y axis at

60 and an acute angle with z-axis. If a plane passes through a point
2, 1, 1 and is normal to n , find its equation in vector form.

Find the foot of perpendicular from the point 2i j 5k on the line
r 11i 2 j 8k 10i 4 j 11k . Also find the length of the

perpendicular.
53.
A line makes angles , , , with the four diagonals of a cube. Prove

that
4
2
2
2
2
cos cos cos cos .
3
54.
Find the equation of the plane passing through the intersection of planes
2x + 3y z = 1 and x + y 2z + 3 = 0 and perpendicular to the plane
3x y 2z = 4. Also find the inclination of this plane with xy-plane.
ANSWERS
1.
3.
2.
90
x 2
y 3
z 5
.
3
4
1
4.
r i 2 j 3k i j 3k
5.
= 2
6.
7.
x 1
y 1
z
.
0
2
1
8.
XII Maths
119
1
3
2
3
2
3
9.
10.
11.
cos1 (6/7).
x
y 1
z 2
, a R 0
a
a
a
10
14
12.
13.
1
6
14.
x + y + z = 1
15.
No
16.
2x + y 3z = 8
17.
r 2i j 2k 24
18.
2x + 3y + 4z = 29
19.
cos
11
21
20.
0 (line is parallel to plane)
21.
(1, 2, 2)
22.
23.
r o 6i 4j 3k
24.
k = 7
26.
r 51 i 15 j 50k 173
28.
r 2i j k 2i 2 j k and
29.
x 2y + 3z = 1
30.
r 8i 4 j 8k 12 0 or r 4i 8 j 8k 12 0
31.
(0, 1, 3)
32.
x 2
y
z 5
.
1
2
3
33.
18 43
47
7 , 7 , 7
34.
29x 27y 22z = 85
35.
13
36.
7y + 4z = 5
10
25.
3 3
5x 7y + 11z + 4 = 0.
120
x 2
y 1
z 1
.
2
2
1
XII Maths
37.
38.
21
39.
2 29
x 20y + 27z = 14
units.
40.
x 2y + 2z = 0 or x 2y + 2z = 6
41.
1
3
1
2 , 2 , 2
42.
43.
17
2
44.
r 9i 17 j 23k 20
45.
2x 7y + 4z + 15 = 0
47.
x 2y + z = 0
48.
16
7
51.
8
49.
29
52.
i 2 j 3k ,
54.
7x 13y 4z 9, cos
XII Maths
14
1
.
234
121
2 i j k 2
CHAPTER 12
LINEAR PROGRAMMING
POINTS TO REMEMBER
Linear programming is the process used to obtain minimum or maximum

value of the linear objective function under known linear constraints.
Objective Functions : Linear function z = ax + by where a and b are

constants, which has to be maximized or minimized is called a linear
objective function.
Constraints : The linear inequalities or inequations or restrictions on the

variables of a linear programming problem.
Feasible Region : It is defined as a set of points which satisfy all the

constraints.
To Find Feasible Region : Draw the graph of all the linear inequations
and shade common region determined by all the constraints.
Feasible Solutions : Points within and on the boundary of the feasible

region represents feasible solutions of the constraints.
Optimal Feasible Solution : Feasible solution which optimizes the

objective function is called optimal feasible solution.

1.
Solve the following L.P.P. graphically

Minimise and maximise
z = 3x + 9y
Subject to the constraints
x + 3y 60
x + y 10
x y
x 0, y 0
122
XII Maths
2.
Determine graphically the minimum value of the objective function

z = 50x + 20 y, subject to the constraints
2x y 5
3x + y 3
2x 3y 12
x 0, y 0
3.
Two tailors A and B earn Rs. 150 and Rs. 200 per day respectively. A
can stitch 6 shirts and 4 pants per day, while B can stitch 10 shirts and
4 pants per day. Formulate the above L.P.P. mathematically and hence
solve it to minimise the labour cost to produce at least 60 shirts and 32
pants.
4.
There are two types of fertilisers A and B. A consists of 10% nitrogen and
6% phosphoric acid and B consists of 5% nitrogen and 10% phosphoric
acid. After testing the soil conditions, a farmer finds that he needs at least
14 kg of nitrogen and 14 kg of phosphoric acid for his crop. If A costs Rs.
61 kg and B costs Rs. 51 kg, determine how much of each type of
fertiliser should be used so that nutrient requirements are met at minimum
cost. What is the minimum cost?
5.
A man has Rs. 1500 to purchase two types of shares of two different
companies S1 and S2. Market price of one share of S1 is Rs 180 and S2
is Rs. 120. He wishes to purchase a maximum of ten shares only. If one
share of type S1 gives a yield of Rs. 11 and of type S2 yields Rs. 8 then
how much shares of each type must be purchased to get maximum
profit? And what will be the maximum profit?
6.
A company manufactures two types of lamps say A and B. Both lamps

go through a cutter and then a finisher. Lamp A requires 2 hours of the
cutters time and 1 hours of the finishers time. Lamp B requires 1 hour
of cutters and 2 hours of finishers time. The cutter has 100 hours and
finishers has 80 hours of time available each month. Profit on one lamp
A is Rs. 7.00 and on one lamp B is Rs. 13.00. Assuming that he can sell
all that he produces, how many of each type of lamps should be
manufactured to obtain maximum profit?
7.
A dealer wishes to purchase a number of fans and sewing machines. He

has only Rs. 5760 to invest and has space for almost 20 items. A fan and
sewing machine cost Rs. 360 and Rs. 240 respectively. He can sell a fan
XII Maths
123
at a profit of Rs. 22 and sewing machine at a profit of Rs. 18. Assuming

that he can sell whatever he buys, how should he invest his money to
maximise his profit?
8.
If a young man rides his motorcycle at 25 km/h, he has to spend Rs. 2

per km on petrol. If he rides at a faster speed of 40 km/h, the petrol cost
increases to Rs. 5 per km. He has Rs. 100 to spend on petrol and wishes
to find the maximum distance he can travel within one hour. Express this
as L.P.P. and then solve it graphically.
9.
A producer has 20 and 10 units of labour and capital respectively which

he can use to produce two kinds of goods X and Y. To produce one unit
of X, 2 units of capital and 1 unit of labour is required. To produce one
unit of Y, 3 units of labour and one unit of capital is required. If X and Y
are priced at Rs. 80 and Rs. 100 per unit respectively, how should the
producer use his resources to maximise the total revenue?
10.
A factory owner purchases two types of machines A and B for his factory.
The requirements and limitations for the machines are as follows:
Machine
A
B
Area Occupied
Labour Force
Daily Output (In units)
1000
m2
12 men
60
1200
m2
8 men
40
He has maximum area of 9000 m2 available and 72 skilled labourers who

can operate both the machines. How many machines of each type should
he buy to maximise the daily output.
11.
A manufacturer makes two types of cups A and B. Three machines are

required to manufacture the cups and the time in minutes required by
each in as given below :
Types of Cup
Machine
I
II
III
12
18
Each machine is available for a maximum period of 6 hours per day. If

the profit on each cup A is 75 paise and on B is 50 paise, find how many
cups of each type should be manufactured to maximise the profit per
day.
124
XII Maths
12.
A company produces two types of belts A and B. Profits on these belts

are Rs. 2 and Rs. 1.50 per belt respectively. A belt of type A requires
twice as much time as belt of type B. The company can produce almost
1000 belts of type B per day. Material for 800 belts per day is available.
Almost 400 buckles for belts of type A and 700 for type B are available
per day. How much belts of each type should the company produce so
as to maximize the profit?
13.
Two Godowns X and Y have a grain storage capacity of 100 quintals and
50 quintals respectively. Their supply goes to three ration shop A, B and
C whose requirements are 60, 50 and 40 quintals respectively. The cost
of transportation per quintals from the godowns to the shops are given
in following table :
To
From
Cost of transportation (in Rs. per quintal)

X
6.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
2.50
3.00
How should the supplies be transported to ration shops from godowns to

minimize the transportation cost?
14.
An Aeroplane can carry a maximum of 200 passengers. A profit of Rs.

400 is made on each first class ticket and a profit of Rs. 300 is made on
each second class ticket. The airline reserves at least 20 seats for first
class. However atleast four times as many passengers prefer to travel by
second class than by first class. Determine, how many tickets of each
type must be sold to maximize profit for the airline.
15.
A diet for a sick person must contain atleast 4000 units of vitamins, 50
units of minerals and 1400 units of calories. Two foods A and B are
available at a cost of Rs. 5 and Rs. 4 per unit respectively. One unit of
food A contains 200 unit of vitamins, 1 unit of minerals and 40 units of
calories whereas one unit of food B contains 100 units of vitamins, 2 units
of minerals and 40 units of calories. Find what combination of the food
A and B should be used to have least cost but it must satisfy the
requirements of the sick person.
XII Maths
125
ANSWERS
1.
Min z = 60 at x = 5, y = 5.
Max z = 180 at the two corner points (0, 20) and (15, 15).
2.
No minimum value.
3.
Minimum cost = Rs. 1350 at 5 days of A and 3 days of B.
4.
100 kg. of fertiliser A and 80 kg of fertilisers B; minimum cost Rs. 1000.
5.
Maximum Profit = Rs. 95 with 5 shares of each type.
6.
Lamps of type A = 40, Lamps of type B = 20.
7.
Fan : 8; Sewing machine : 12, Max. Profit = Rs. 392.
8.
At 25 km/h he should travel 50/3 km, At 40 km/h, 40/3 km. Max. distance
30 km in 1 hr.
9.
X : 2 units; Y : 6 units; Maximum revenue Rs. 760.
10.
Type A : 6; Type B : 0
11.
Cup A : 15; Cup B : 30
12.
Maximum profit Rs. 1300, No. of belts of type A = 200 No. of bells of type
B = 600.
13.
From X to A, B and C : 10 quintals, 50 quintals and 40 quintals respectively.

From Y to A, B, C : 50 quintals, NIL and NIL respectively.
14.
No. of first class tickets = 40, No. of 2nd class tickets = 160.
15.
Food A : 5 units, Food B : 30 units.
126
XII Maths
CHAPTER 13
PROBABILITY
POINTS TO REMEMBER
Conditional Probability : If A and B are two events associated with any

random experiment, then P(A/B) represents the probability of occurrence
of event-A knowing that event B has already occurred.
P A B
P A B
, P B 0
P B
P(B) 0, means that the event should not be impossible.
P(A B) = P(A and B) = P(B) P(A/B)
Similarly
P(A B C) = P(A) P(B/A) P(C/AB)
Multiplication Theorem on Probability : If the events A and B are

associated with any random experiment and the occurrence of one
depends on the other then
P(A B) = P(A) P(B/A) where P(A) 0
When the occurrence of one does not depend on the other then these
events are said to be independent events.
Here
P(A/B) = P(A) and P(B/A) = P(B)

P(A B) = P(A) P(B)
Theorem on total probability : If E1, E2, E3..., En be a partition of sample

space and E1, E2... En all have non-zero probability. A be any event
associated with sample space S, which occurs with E1 or E2,...... or En,
then
P(A) = P(E1) . P(A/E1) + P(E2) . P(A/E2) + .... + P(En) . P(A/En).
XII Maths
127
Bayes' theorem : Let S be the sample space and E1, E2 ... En be n

mutually exclusive and exhaustive events associated with a random
experiment. If A is any event which occurs with E1, or E2 or ... En, then.
P Ei P A Ei
P Ei A
P E P A E
i
i 1
Random variable : It is real valued function whose domain is the sample

space of random experiment.
Probability distribution : It is a system of number of random variable

(X), such that
X:
x1
x2
x3...
xn
P(X):
P(x1)
P(x2)
P(x3)...
P(xn)
Where
P xi 0 and
P x 1
i
i 1
Mean or expectation of a random variables (X) is denoted by E(X)

n
E X
P xi
i 1
Variance of X denoted by var(X) or x2 and

n
var(X) = x2
P xi
i 1
var X is called standard deviation of
The non-negative number x

random variable X.
Bernoulli Trials : Trials of random experiment are called Bernoulli trials if:
(i)
Number of trials is finite.
(ii)
Trials are independent.
(iii)
Each trial has exactly two outcomes-either success or failure.
(iv)
Probability of success remains same in each trial.

128
XII Maths
Binomial Distribution :
P(X = r) = nCr qnr pr, where r = 0, 1, 2, ... n

p = Probability of Success
q = Probability of Failure
n = total number of trails
r = value of random variable.

1.
Find P (A/B) if P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.8 and P(B/A) = 0.6
2.
Find P(A B) if A and B are two events such that P(A) = 0.5, P(B) = 0.6
and P(A B) = 0.8
3.
A soldier fires three bullets on enemy. The probability that the enemy will
be killed by one bullet is 0.7. What is the probability that the enemy is still
alive?
4.
What is the probability that a leap year has 53 Sundays?
5.
20 cards are numbered 1 to 20. One card is drawn at random. What is

the probability that the number on the card will be a multiple of 4?
6.
Three coins are tossed once. Find the probability of getting at least one
head.
7.
The probability that a student is not a swimmer is
1
. Find the probability
5
that out of 5 students, 4 are swimmers.

8.
Find P(A/B), if P(B) = 0.5 and P(A B) = 0.32
9.
A random variable X has the following probability distribution.

X
P(X)
1
15
15k 2
15
Find the value of k.
XII Maths
129
15k 1
15
15
10.
A random variable X, taking values 0, 1, 2 has the following probability

distribution for some number k.
P X 2k
3k
if X 0
if X = 1 , find k .
if X = 2

11.
A problem in Mathematics is given to three students whose chances of

1 1
1
,
and . What is the probability that the problem is
solving it are
2 3
4
solved.
12.
A die is rolled. If the outcome is an even number, what is the probability

that it is a prime?
13.
If A and B are two events such that

1
1
1
P A , P B
and P A B . Find P (not A and not B).
4
2
8
14.
In a class of 25 students with roll numbers 1 to 25, a student is picked

up at random to answer a question. Find the probability that the roll
number of the selected student is either a multiple of 5 or of 7.
15.
A can hit a target 4 times in 5 shots B three times in 4 shots and C twice
in 3 shots. They fire a volley. What is the probability that atleast two shots
hit.
16.
Two dice are thrown once. Find the probability of getting an even number
on the first die or a total of 8.
17.
A and B throw a die alternatively till one of them throws a 6 and wins
the game. Find their respective probabilities of winning, if A starts the
game.
18.
If A and B are events such that P A
1
3
and P(B) = p
, P A B
2
5
find p if events
(i)
are mutually exclusive,
(ii)
are independent.
130
XII Maths
19.
A man takes a step forward with probability 0.4 and backward with
probability 0.6. Find the probability that at the end of eleven steps he is
one step away from the starting point.
20.
Two cards are drawn from a pack of well shuffled 52 cards one by one
with replacement. Getting an ace or a spade is considered a success.
Find the probability distribution for the number of successes.
21.
In a game, a man wins a rupee for a six and looses a rupee for any other
number when a fair die is thrown. The man decided to throw a die thrice
but to quit as and when he gets a six. Find the expected value of the
amount he wins/looses.
22.
Suppose that 10% of men and 5% of women have grey hair. A grey
haired person is selected at random. What is the probability that the
selected person is male assuming that there are 60% males and 40%
females.
23.
A card from a pack of 52 cards is lost. From the remaining cards of the
pack, two cards are drawn. What is the probability that they both are
diamonds?
24.
Ten eggs are drawn successively with replacement from a lot containing
10% defective eggs. Find the probability that there is at least one defective
egg.
25.
Find the variance of the number obtained on a throw of an unbiased die.

26.
In a hurdle race, a player has to cross 8 hurdles. The probability that he

4
will clear a hurdle is , what is the probability that he will knock down
5
in fewer than 2 hurdles?
27.
Bag A contains 4 red, 3 white and 2 black balls. Bag B contains 3 red,
2 white and 3 black balls. One ball is transferred from bag A to bag B and
then a ball is drawn from bag B. The ball so drawn is found to be red.
Find the probability that the transferred ball is black.
28.
If a fair coin is tossed 10 times, find the probability of getting.

(i)
exactly six heads,
(iii)
at most six heads.
XII Maths
(ii) at least six heads,
131
29.
A doctor is to visit a patient. From the past experience, it is known that

the probabilities that he will come by train, bus, scooter by other means
3 1 1
2
, ,
and . The probabilities that he
of transport are respectively
13 5 10
5
1 1
1
, , and
will be late are
if he comes by train, bus and scooter
4 3
12
respectively but if comes by other means of transport, then he will not be
late. When he arrives, he is late. What is the probability that he comes
by train?
30.
A man is known to speak truth 3 out of 4 times. He throws a die and

reports that it is six. Find the probability that it is actually a six.
31.
An insurance company insured 2000 scooter drivers, 4000 car drivers

and 6000 truck drivers. The probability of an accidents are 0.01, 0.03 and
0.15 respectively one of the insured persons meets with an accident.
What is the probability that he is a scooter driver?
32.
Two cards from a pack of 52 cards are lost. One card is drawn from the
remaining cards. If drawn card is heart, find the probability that the lost
cards were both hearts.
33.
A box X contains 2 white and 3 red balls and a bag Y contains 4 white
and 5 red balls. One ball is drawn at random from one of the bags and
is found to be red. Find the probability that it was drawn from bag Y.
34.
In answering a question on a multiple choice, a student either knows the

3
answer or guesses. Let
be the probability that he knows the answer
4
1
and
be the probability that he guesses. Assuming that a student who
4
1
guesses at the answer will be incorrect with probability . What is the
4
probability that the student knows the answer, given that he answered
correctly?
35.
Suppose a girl throws a die. If she gets 5 or 6, she tosses a coin three
times and notes the number of heads. If she gets 1, 2, 3 or 4 she tosses
a coin once and notes whether a head or tail is obtained. If she obtained
exactly one head. What is the probability that she throws 1, 2, 3 or 4 with
the die?
36.
In a bolt factory machines A, B and C manufacture 60%, 30% and 10%

of the total bolts respectively, 2%, 5% and 10% of the bolts produced by
132
XII Maths
them respectively are defective. A bolt is picked up at random from the

product and is found to be defective. What is the probability that it has
been manufactured by machine A?
37.
Two urns A and B contain 6 black and 4 white, 4 black and 6 white balls
respectively. Two balls are drawn from one of the urns. If both the balls
drawn are white, find the probability that the balls are drawn from urn B.
38.
Two cards are drawn from a well shuffled pack of 52 cards. Find the
mean and variance for the number of face cards obtained.
39.
Write the probability distribution for the number of heads obtained when
three coins are tossed together. Also, find the mean and variance of the
number of heads.
40.
Two groups are competing for the position on the Board of Directors of
a corporation. The probabilities that the first and the second groups will
win are 0.6 and 0.4 respectively. Further if the first group wins, the
probability of introducing a new product is 0.7 and the corresponding
probability is 0.3 if the second group wins. Find the probability that the
new product introduced was by the second group.
ANSWERS
1.
0.3
2.
3
10
3.
(0. 3)3
4.
2
7
5.
1
4
6.
7
8
7.
4
5
8.
16
25
9.
10.
1
5
11.
3
4
12.
1
3
13.
3
8
14.
8
25
XII Maths
133
1
6
15.
5
6
17.
6 5
,
11 11
18.
(i) p
19.
0.3678
16.
5
9
1
1
, (ii) p
10
5
20.
P(X)
81/169
72/169
16/169
91
54
21.
23.
1
17
25.
var X
26.
12 4
5 5
28.
(i)
22.
3
4
24.
9
1
10
27.
2
33
10
35
.
12
105
512
(ii)
193
512
(iii)
29.
1
2
30.
3
8
31.
1
52
32.
22
425
33.
25
52
34.
12
13
35.
8
11
36.
12
37
134
53
64
XII Maths
37.
5
7
38.
Mean
8
1200
, Variance
13
287
39.
X
P(X)
40.
2
9
XII Maths
135
Mean
3
2
Variance
3
4
MODEL PAPER - I
MATHEMATICS
Time allowed : 3 hours
Maximum marks : 100
General Instructions
1.
All questions are compulsory.
2.
The question paper consists of 29 questions divided into three sections

A, B and C. Section A comprises of 10 questions of one mark each,
Section B comprises of 12 questions of four marks each and Section C
comprises of 7 questions of six marks each.
3.
All questions in Section A are to be answered in one word, one sentence

or as per the exact requirement of the question.
4.
There is no overall choice. However, internal choice has been provided

in 4 questions of four marks each and 2 questions of six marks each. You
have to attempt only one of the alternatives in all such questions.
5.
Use of calculators is not permitted.
SECTION A
Question number 1 to 10 carry one mark each.
1.
Find the value of x, if
5x y
2y x
2.
1
3
Let * be a binary operation on N given by a * b = HCF (a, b), a, b N.

Write the value of 6 * 4.
1 2
3.
y
4

3
3
Evaluate :
1
1 x
dx
136
XII Maths
sec
log x
dx
x
4.
Evaluate :
5.
.
Write the principal value of cos1 cos
6
6.
Write the value of the determinant :
a b
b c
c a
7.
b c
c a
a b
F ind the value of x
x
2
c a
a b
b c
from the following :
4
0
2x
8.
Find the value of i j k j k i k i j
9.
Write the direction cosines of the line equally inclined to the three
coordinate axes.
10.
If p is a unit vector and x p . x p 80, then find x .
SECTION B
Question numbers 11 to 22 carry 4 marks each.
11.
The length x of a rectangle is decreasing at the rate of 5 cm/minute and

the width y is increasing at the rate of 4 cm/minute. When x = 8 cm and
y = 6 cm, find the rate of change of (a) the perimeter, (b) the area of the
rectangle.
OR
Find the intervals in which the function f given by f(x) = sin x + cos x,
0 x 2 is strictly increasing or strictly decreasing.
OR
12.
If (cos x)y = (sin y)x, find
XII Maths
dy
.
dx
137
13.
Consider f : R

4
3
4
3
defined as f x
4x
3x 4
Show that f is invertible. Hence find f1.

14.
Evaluate :
dx
5 4 x 2x
.
OR
x sin
Evaluate :
15.
If y =
sin
1 x
x dx .
, show that 1 x
dx
y
2
3x
dy
y 0.
dx
16.
In a multiple choice examination with three possible answers (out of

which only one is correct) for each of the five questions, what is the
probability that a candidate would get four or more correct answers just
by guessing?
17.
Using properties of determinants, prove the following :
a b c
c
b
18.
dy
y
y x tan .
dx
x
Solve the following differential equation :
cos
20.
b
a
2 a b b c c a
a b c

x
19.
c
a b c
a
dy
y tan x.
dx
Find the shortest distance between the lines
r 1 i 2 j 1 k
r 2i j k 2i j 2k .
138
XII Maths
21.
Prove the following :
cot
1 sin x
1 sin x
1 sin x
x

, x 0, .

2
4
1 sin x
OR
Solve for x :
2 tan1 (cos x) = tan1 (2 cosec x)
22.
The scalar product of the vector i j k with a unit vector along the
sum of vectors 2i 4 j 5k and i 2 j 3k is equal to one. Find the
value of .
OR
a , b and c are three coplanar vectors. Show that

b c and c a are also coplanar.
b ,
SECTION C
Question number 23 to 29 carry 6 marks each.
23.
Find the equation of the plane determined by the points A (3, 1, 2),
B (5, 2, 4) and C (1, 1, 6). Also find the distance of the point P(6, 5,
9) from the plane.
24.
Find the area of the region included between the parabola y2 = x and the
line x + y = 2.
25.
Evaluate :
x dx
a 2 cos 2 x
0
26.
sin x
Using matrices, solve the following system of equation :

x + y + z = 6
x + 2z = 7
3x + y + z = 12
OR
XII Maths
139
Obtain the inverse of the following matrix using elementary operations:
3
A 2
0
27.
0
3
4
1
0 .
1
Coloured balls are distributed in three bags as shown in the following

table :
Colour of the Ball
Bag
Red
White
Black
II
III
A bag is selected at random and then two balls are randomly drawn from
the selected bag. They happen to be black and red. What is the probability
that they came from bag I?
28.
A dealer wishes to purchase a number of fans and sewing machines. He

has only Rs. 5760 to invest and has space for at most 20 items. A fan
costs him Rs. 360 and a sewing machine Rs. 240. His expectation is that
he can sell a fan at a profit of Rs. 22 and a sewing machine at a profit
of Rs. 18. Assuming that be can sell all the items that he can buy, how
should he invest his money in order to maximise the profit? Formulate
this as a linear programming problem and solve it graphically.
29.
If the sum of the lengths of the hypotenuse and a side of a right-angled

triangle is given, show that the area of the triangle is maximum when the
angle between them is .

3
OR
A tank with rectangular base and rectangular sides open at the top is to
be constructed so that its depts is 2m and volume is 8m3. If building of
tank cost Rs. 70 per sq meter for the base and Rs. 45 per sq meter for
the sides. What is the cost of least expensive tank.
140
XII Maths
MODEL PAPER - I
SECTION A
Note : For 1 mark questions in Section A, full marks are given if answer is
correct (i.e. the last step of the solution). Here, solution is given for your
help.
Marks
1. We are given
5x y
2y x
y = 1 and 5x 1 = 4
or
5x = 5
x = 1
...(1)
6 * 4 = HCF of 6 and 4 = 2.
1 2
3.
1
1 x
dx sin 1 x
sin
4.
1
3
5x + y = 4 and y = 1
2.
y
4

3
5
Let
log x = t
then
1
dx dt
x
XII Maths
1 2
0
1
1
sin 0
2
0
4
4
sec
Let
...(1)
log x
x
dx
141
...(1)
Marks
or
dx = x dt
sec
t dt
= tan t + c
= tan (log x) + c
5.
cos
7
5
1
cos 6 cos cos 2 6

cos
6.
a b
b c
c a
...(1)
b c
c a
a b
5
cos 6
5
6
...(1)
c a
a b b c c a
a b b c c a a b
b c
c a a b b c
0
0
0
b c
c a
a b
= 0
7.
Here
x
2
or
2x2 8 = 0
or
x2 4 = 0
c a
a b
b c
c a
a b
b c
...(1)
4
0
2x
x = 2
8.
b c
c a
a b
i j k j
...(1)
k i k i j

k k i i j j
= 1 + 1 + 1
= 3
...(1)
142
XII Maths
Marks
9.
The d.c. of a line equally inclined to the coordinate axes are

1 1 1
,
,
.
3
3
3
10.
...(1)

p . x p 80
80
As p is a unit vector,
p 1
1 80
or
81
|x| = 9
...(1)
SECTION B
11.
Let P be the perimeter and A be the area of the rectangle at any time t,
then
P = 2(x + y) and A = xy
It is given that
dx
5 cm/minute
dt
and
dy
4 cm/minute
dt
(i)
We have
XII Maths
P = 2(x + y)
dP
dy
dx
2
dt
dt
dt
143
...(1)
Marks
= 2 (5 + 4)
= 2 cm/minute
(ii)
...(1)
We have A = xy
dA
dy
dx
x
y
dt
dt
dt
= [8 4 + 6 (5)]
......( x = 8 and y = 6)
= (32 30)
= 2 cm2/minute
...(1)
OR
The given function is
f(x) = sin x + cos x, 0 x 2
f(x) = cos x sin x

1
1
2
sin x
cos x
2
2 sin x cos cos x sin

4
4
2 sin x
4
...(1)
For strictly decreasing function,

f(x) < 0
2 sin x 0
4
or
sin x 0
4
or
0 x

4
144
XII Maths
Marks
or
x
4
4
or
5
x
4
4
5
Thus f(x) is a strictly decreasing function on ,
4 4
...(2)
As sin x and cos x are well defined in [0, 2],

f (x) = sin x + cos x is an increasing function in the complement of interval
5
4 , 4
0, 4 4 , 2
i.e., in
12.
...(1)
We are given
(cos x)y = (sin y)x
Taking log of both sides, we get
y log cos x = x log sin y
...()
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
1
dy
sin x log cos x
cos x
dx
1
dy
x
cos y
log sin y 1
sin y
dx
...(2)
dy
dy
x cot y
log sin y
dx
dx
or
y tan x log cos x
dy
log cos x x cot y log sin y y tan x
dx
...(1)
dy
log sin y y tan x
dx
log cos x x cot y
...()
XII Maths
145
Marks
13.
For showing f is one-one

For showing f is onto
...(1)
As f is one-one and onto f is invertible
...()
For finding f
14.
...(1)
Let
4x
4 3x
...(1)
dx
5 4 x 2x
dx
5
2x x
2
5
2x x
2
1
2
1
2
sin
sin
...()
1 1
dx
7
2
x 1
2
dx
...(1)
dx
7
2
2
x 1
x 1
c
7
2
2 x 1
c
7
146
...(2)
XII Maths
Marks
OR
Let
x sin
sin
sin
15.
x dx
x .x dx
2
x
x
sin
2
sin
2
sin
2
sin
2
sin
2
sin
2
1
2
1
1 x
x
dx
2
...(1)
1 x
dx
1 1 x 1

dx
2
2
1 x
1
1
2
1 x dx
2
2
dx
1 x
1 x
1 x
2 2
x
1
1
2
1
1
1 x sin x sin x c
4
4
2
1
x
1
2
sin x
1 x c
4
4
sin
1 x
147
...(1)
1
1
1
1
sin x sin x c
2
2
...(1)
We have
XII Maths
...(1)
Marks
y 1 x
sin
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
y.
2x
2 1 x
xy 1 x
or
1 x
dy
dx
dy
1
1 x
dx
...(1)
Differentiating again,
dy
y 1 x
dx
dx
1 x 2 d
or
dx
y
2
y
2
dy
2x 0
dx
3x
dy
y 0
dx
...(2)
which is the required result.

16.
Here p
1
1
2
, q 1
, and n 5
3
3
3
Let x denote the number of correct answers.
...(1)
Probability of r successes is given by

P(X = r) = nCrpr qnr, r = 1, 2, 3.....
P(X = 4 or 5) = P(X = 4) + P (X = 5)
5
1
C4
3
2
3
2
3
5
1
C5
3
...(1)
1
3
10
1
11
.
243
243
243
148
...()
...(1)
XII Maths
Marks
17.
LHS
a b c
c
b
c
a b c
a
b
a
a b c
R1 R1 + R2
R2 R2 + R3
a b
b c
b
a b
b c
a
a b
b c
a b c
1
1
a b b c 1 1
b a
...(2)
1
1
a b c
...()
C1 C1 + C3
0
a b b c 0
c a
1
1
a
1
1
a b c
= 2(a + b) (b + c) (c + a)
18.
...(1)
...()
The given differential equation is

x
or
dy
y
y x tan
dx
x
dy
y
y
tan
dx
x
x
Let
y zx
dy
dz
z x
dx
dx
XII Maths
149
...(1)
Marks
z x
or
dz
dz
z tan z
dx
dz
tan z
dx
...(1)
dx
0
x
or
cot z
log sin z + log x = log c
or
log (x sin z) = log c
...(1)
or
y
x sin c
x
...()
...()
which is the required solution.

19.
The given differential equation is

2
cos x
or
dy
y tan x
dx
dy
2
2
sec x. y tan x. sec x
dx
It is a linear differential equation

Integrating factor = e
sec
x dx
tan x
...(1)
Solution of the differential equation is
y .e
Now, we find
Let
tan x
tan x
I1
tan x
. tan x sec x dx c
...()
tan x sec x dx
tan x = t, sec2 x dx = dt
150
XII Maths
Marks
I1
te
t .e
dt
dt
= t . et et
= (t 1)et = (tan x 1) etan x
...(2)
From (i), solution is

y . etan x = (tan x 1) etan x + c
or
20.
y = (tan x 1) + cetan x
...()
Equations of the two lines are :
r 1 i 2 j 1 k
or
r i 2 j k i j k
...(i)
and
r 2i j k 2i j 2k
...(ii)
Here
a 1 i 2 j k
and
b 1 i j k
and
and
a 2 2i j k
b 2 2i j 2k

a 2 a 1 2i j k i 2 j k
i 3 j 2k
and
...(1)
i

b1 b 2 1
2
...()
i k
1 1
1 2
i 3 j 0 k 3
3i 3k
XII Maths
151
...(1)
Marks

b1 b 2
9 9 3 2
a 2
S.D. between the lines
cot
1 sin x
1 sin x
1
cot
cot
cot
cot
...()
2k 3i 3k
3 6
3 2
9
3 2
3
2
units
...(1)
1 sin x
1 sin x
x
x
sin 2 cos 2
x
x
sin 2 cos 2
sin
sin

3 2
21.
i 3 j

a1 b1 b 2

b1 b 2
x
x
cos 2 sin 2
...(1)
x
x
cos
sin
2
2

... x 0,
4
x
x
x
x
cos cos sin
2
2
2
2
x
x
x
x
cos cos sin
2
2
2
2
2 cos
x
2 sin
2
...(1)
...(1)
x
cot 2
x
2
...(1)
152
XII Maths
Marks
OR
The given equation is
2 tan1 (cos x) = tan1 (2 cosec x)
tan
1
2 cos x
tan 2cosec x
2
1 cos x
2 cos x
...(1)
2 cosec x
...(1)
sin x
cos x = cosec x . sin2 x
cos x = sin x
22.
...(1)
Unit vector along the sum of vectors
a 2i 4 j 5k

a b

a b
and
b i 2 j 3k is
2 i 6 j 2k
2 2 6 2 2 2
2 i 6 j 2k
...(1)
4 44
We are given that dot product of above unit vector with the vector
i j k is 1.
or
4 44
2 6 2
4 44
4 44
or
( + 6)2 = 2 + 4 + 44
or
2 + 12 + 36 = 2 + 4 + 44
XII Maths
153
4 44
...(1)
Marks
or
8 = 8
or
= 1
...(1)
OR

a , b and c are coplanar a
b
c 0
...()

a b , b c and c a are coplanar if

a b
b c
c a 0
()
For showing

a b
b c
c a 2 a
b
c
(3)
SECTION C
23.
Equation of the plane through the points A (3, 1, 2), B (5, 2, 4) and
C (1, 1, 6) is
x 3
2
4
i.e.
y 1 z 2
3
2
0
0
4
...(2)
3x 4y + 3z = 19
...(1)
Distance of point (6, 5, 9) from plane 3x 4y + 3z = 19
24.
18 20 27 19
9 16 9
6
34
units
The given parabola is y2 = x
...(1)
....(i)
It represents a parabola with vertex at O (0, 0)
154
XII Maths
Marks
The given line is
x + y = 2
or
x = 2 y
....(ii)
y =x
2
,
P(1
1
X'
1)
2
Q(4, 2)
2
Y'
...(1)
Solving (i) and (ii), we get the point of intersection P (1, 1) and
Q (4, 2)
...(1)
Required area = Area of the shaded region
1
(2 y ) y 2 dy
...(2)
2
2
3
y
y
2y
2
3
...(1)
2
1
1
8
2
4 2
2
3
3
1
1
8
4 2
2
3
3
XII Maths
12 3 2 24 12 16
6
27
6
9
sq. units
2
...(1)
155
Marks
25.
Let
x dx
a 2 cos 2 x
or
I =
I =
sin x
( x )dx
a 2 cos 2 (
x) b
or
sin ( x )
( x )dx
a 2 cos 2 x
....(ii)
sin x
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
2I
dx
2
a cos x b
or
2I .2
a cos x b
2a
sin x
...(1)
sec
a
...(1)
....(iii)
f x dx 2 f x dx , If f 2a x f x
or
sin x
dx
Using property
x dx
2
...(1)
tan x
Let tan x = t then sec2x dx = dt

When x = 0, t = 0 and when x
I
0
dt
a
...(1)
2 2
b t
,t
2
dt
a
b
156
XII Maths
Marks
1
ab
1 t
tan a b
0
...(1)

1 bt
tan
ab
a 0

ab 2
2ab
26.
...(1)
The given system of equations is

x + y + z = 6
x + 2z = 7
3x + y = z = 12
or
AX = B, where
1
A 1
3
1
0
1
1
x
6
2 , X y and B 7
z
12
1
X = A1B
or
Now
1 1
A 1 0
3 1
= 1 ( 2)
...(i)
...(1)
1
2
1
1 ( 5) + 1 (1)
= 2 + 5 + 1
= 4 0 A1 exists.
Now cofactors of elements of Matrix A are :
A13
A11 = ( 1)2 ( 2) = 2,
= ( 1)4 (I) = 1
XII Maths
157
A12 = ( 1)3 ( 5) = 5,
...(1)
Marks
1)3
A21 = (
(0) = 0,
A23 = ( 1)5 ( 2) = 2
A33
A22 =
A31 = (1)4 (2) = 2,

= (1)6 ( 1) = 1
( 2) = 2,
A32 = (1)5 (1) = 1,
0
2
adj A 5 2
1
2
(1)4
2
1
1
...(2)
2
adj A
1
1
=
A
5
4
A
1
0
2
2
2
1 ...()
1
From (i), X = A1 B
x
2
y 1 5

4
z
1
0
2
2
12
1
30
4
6
2
1
1
0
14
14
6
7

12
24
12
12
12
3
1
4 1
4
8
2
x = 3, y = 1 and z = 2
...(1)
OR
26.
By using elementary row transformations, we can write

A = IA
158
XII Maths
Marks
3
2
0
Applying R1 R2
i.e.,
1
2
0
3
4
1
1
0 0
0
1
R2, we get
3
3
4
0
1
0
1
1
0 0
0
1
0
0 A
1
...(1)
1 0
1 0 A
0 1
...(1)
Applying R2 R2 2R1, we get
1
0
3
9
4
1
1
2 2
0
1
1 0
3 0 A
0 1
...(1)
Applying R1 R1 + R3, we get
1
0
1
9
4
0
1 1 0
2 2
3 0 A
0
1
0 1
...()
1
0
1
1
4
0
1
1 1
0 2
3 2 A
0
1
0
1
...()
Applying R1 R1, we get
1
0
XII Maths
0
1
4
0
3
0 2
0
1
159
4
3
0
3
2 A
1
...()
Marks
1
0
0
1
0
0
3
0 2
8
1
27.
3
2
8
4
3
12
3
2 A
9
...()
4
3
12
3
2
9
...(1)
Let the events be

E1 : Bag I is selected
E2 : Bag II is selected
E3 : Bag III is selected
and
A : a black and a red ball are drawn
P (E1) = P (E2) = P (E3) =
P (A E 1)
P (A E 2 )
1 3
6
P(E 1 A)
3
1
15
5
2
21
C2
2 1
P (A E 3 )
C2
4 3
12
C2
1
3
...(1)
4 3
2
66
11
...(1)
P(A E 1) . P(E 1)
P(A E 1) P/(E 1) P(A E 2 ) P E 2 P(A E 3 ). P(E 3 )
1
1
3
5
1
1
1
2
1
2
3
5
3
21 3 11
160
...(1)
...(1)
...()
XII Maths
Marks
1
15
1
2
2
15
63
33
1
15
551
3465
28.
1
3465
231
15
551
551
...(1)
Let us suppose that the dealer buys x fans and y sewing machines,
Thus L.P. problem is
Maximise
Z = 22x + 18y
...(1)
subject to constraints,
x + y 20
360x + 240y 5760 or 3x + 2y 48
x 0, y 0
...(2)
3x
+
2y
25
48
20
B(0,20)
P(8,12)
10
x
+
y
=
20
0
XII Maths
10
161
D 20
(16,0)
A(20,0)
X
20
Marks
For correct graph
...(2)
The feasible region ODPB of the L.P.P. is the shaded region which has
the corners O (0, 0), D (16, 0), P (8, 12) and B (0, 20)
The values of the objective function Z at O, D, P and B are :
and
At O,
Z = 22 0 + 18 0 = 0
At D,
Z = 22 16 + 18 0 = 352
At P,
Z = 22 8 + 18 12 = 392 Maximum
At B,
Z = 22 0 + 18 20 = 360
Thus Z is maximum at x = 8 and y = 12 and the maximum value of

z = Rs 392.
Hence the dealer should purchase 8 fans and 12 sewing machines to
obtain maximum profit.
...(1)
29.
Let ABC be a right angled triangle with base BC = x and hypotenuse

AB = y
such that
x + y = k where k is a constant
...()
Let be the angle between the base and the hypotenuse.

The area of triangle,
1
BC AC
2
1
x y
2
y x
...(1)
C
162
XII Maths
Marks
x
(y
4
x
2
2
(k x ) x
4
x )
or
x
k
k x
2kx
2kx
4
..(i)
Differentiating w.r.t. x we get
2A
dA
2k x 6kx
dx
4
2
dA
k x 3kx
dx
4A
or
....(ii)
...(1)
For maximum or minimum,
dA
0
dx
2
k x 3kx
4
0
k
3
...(1)
Differentiating (ii) w.r.t.x. we get
dA
2
dx
Putting,
2A
d A
dx
2k
12kx
4
dA
k
0 and x , we get
dx
3
2
d A
dx
XII Maths
k
0
4A
163
Marks
A is maximum when x
Now
cos
k
3
y k
...(1)
k
2k
3
3
x
k 3
1
cos
y
2k 3
2

...(1)
OR
30.
Let the length of the tank be x metres and breadth by y metres
Depth of the tank = 2 metre

Volume = x y 2 = 8
xy = 4
or
4
x
...(1)
Area of base = xy sq m
Area of 4 walls = 2 [2x + 2y] = 4 (x + y)
Cost C (x ,y) = 70 (xy) + 45 (4x + 4y)
or
C (x, y) = 70 4 + 180 (x + y)
...(1)
C (x ) 280 180 x
x
...()
Now
dC
4
180 1 2
dx
For maximum or minimum,
...(1)
dC
0
dx
180 1 2 0
x
164
XII Maths
Marks
or
x2
or
x = 2
2
d C
and
dx
d C
dx
2
x 2
= 4
...()
8
180 3 0
x
8
180 0
8
...(1)
C is minimum at x = 2
Least Cost = Rs [(280 + 180 ( 2 + 2)]
= Rs [(280 + 720] = Rs 1000
XII Maths
165
...(1)
MODEL PAPER - II
MATHEMATICS
Time allowed : 3 hours
Maximum marks : 100
1.
All question are compulsory.
2.
The question paper consists of 29 questions divided into three sections

A, B and C. Section A comprises of 10 questions of one mark each,
Section B comprises of 12 questions of four marks each and Section C
comprises of 7 questions of six marks each.
3.
All questions in Section A are to be answered in one word, one sentence

or as per the exact requirement of the question.
4.
There is no overall choice. However, internal choice has been provided

in 4 questions of four marks each and 2 questions of six marks each. You
have to attempt only one of the alternatives in all such questions.
5.
Use of calculators is not permitted.
SECTION A
Question number 1 to 10 carry one mark each.
1.
Evaluate :
2.
Evaluate :
x
1
3.
1
dx .
x log x
1
4x 1
dx .
If the binary operation * defined on Q, is defined as a * b = 2a + b ab,

for all a, b Q, find the value of 3 * 4.
4.
y 2x
If
x
5
7

2
3
5
, find the value of y.
3
5.
Find a unit vector in the direction of 2i j 2k .
166
XII Maths
6.
Find the direction cosines of the line passing through the following points:
(2, 4, 5), (1, 2, 3)
7.
2 3
If A a ij 1 4
0 7
5
2 1 1
9 and B b ij 3 4
4 , then find
1 5
2
2
a22 + b21.
8.

If a 3, b 2 and a b
a and b .
9.
1
If A
4
10.
3, find the angle between
2
, then find the value of k if |2A| = k |A|.
2
.
Write the principal value of tan1 tan
SECTION B
11.
Evaluate :
cos x dx
2 sin x 3 4 sin x .
OR
Evaluate :
12.
13.
cos
x dx .
Show that the relation R in the set of real numbers, defined as

R = {(a, b) : a b2} is neither reflexive, nor symmetric, nor transitive.
y
dy
x y
.
If log (x2 + y2) = 2 tan1 x , then show that
dx
x y
OR
XII Maths
167
If x = a (cos t + t sin t) and y = a (sin t t cost), then find
14.
Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y
d y
dx
4x 2 which is
parallel to the line 4x 2y + 5 = 0.

OR
Using differentials, find the approximate value of f (2.01), where
f(x) = 4x3 + 5x2 + 2.
15.
Prove the following :

tan
1
1 2
1 3
1
4 tan 9 2 cos 5 .
OR
Solve the following for x :
cos
16.
2
2
1
2x
2
1
.
tan 2
3
x 1
1
Find the angle between the line
x 1
3y 5
3 z
and the plane

2
9
6
10x + 2y 11z = 3.
17.

(x3 + y3) dy x2y dx = 0
18.
Find the particular solution of the differential equation
dy
y cot x = cosec x, (x 0), given that y = 1 when x .

dx
2
19.
Using properties of determinants, prove the following :
ba
ca
ab
b
ac
cb
bc
c
1 a
1
168
XII Maths
20.
The probability that A hits a target is
1
and the probability that B hits it
3
2
. If each one of A and B shoots at the target, what is the probability
5
that
is
21.
22.
(i)
the target is hit?
(ii)
exactly one of them hits the target?
Find
dy
, if yx + xy = ab, where a, b are constants.
dx

If a , b and c are vectors such that a . b a c

a b a c , a 0 then prove that b c .
and
SECTION C
23.
One kind of cake requires 200 g of flour and 25g of fat, and another kind
of cake requires 100g of flour and 50g of fat. Find the maximum number
of cakes which can be made from 5 kg of flour and 1 kg of fat assuming
that there is no shortage of the other ingredients used in making the
cakes. Formulate the above as a linear programming problem and solve
graphically.
24.
Using integration, find the area of the region :

{(x,
y) : 9x2 + y2 36 and 3x + y 6}
x 3
y 1
z 5
x 1
y 2
z 5
and
3
1
5
1
2
5
are coplanar. Also find the equation of the plane containing the lines.
25.
Show that the lines
26.
Show that the height of the cylinder of maximum volume that can be
2R
inscribed in a sphere of radius R is
XII Maths
169
. Also find the maximum volume.
OR
Show that the total surface area of a closed cuboid with square base and
given volume, is minimum, when it is a cube.
27.
Using matrices, solve the following system of linear equations :

3x 2y + 3z = 8
2x + y z = 1
4x 3y + 2z = 4
4
28.
Evaluate :
x dx
x 1 x
OR
4
Evaluate :
1 x 2 x 4 dx .
29.
Two cards are drawn simultaneously (or successively without replacement)

from a well shuffled pack of 52 cards. Find the mean and variance of the
number of red cards.
170
XII Maths
ANSWERS
MODEL PAPER - II
SECTION A
1.
log 1 log x c
2.
1
5 1
2
3.
4.
y = 3
5.
2
1
2
i j k
3
3
3
6.
7.
8.
9.
k = 4
3
77

77
77
10.
14.
4x 2y = 1
15.
OR X 2
SECTION B
11.
1
3 4 sin x
log
c
5
2 sin x
13.
OR
14.
OR 54.68
1
3
sec t
at
16.
sin
18.
y sin x x 1
XII Maths
8
21
17.
20.
171
3y
(i)
3
3
3
5
log y c
(ii)
7
15
21.
x
y 1
y log y yx
dy
x 1
y
dx
xy
x log x
SECTION C
23.
Maximum number of cakes = 30 of kind one and 10 cakes of another

kind.
24.
3 2 square units
25.
x 2y + z = 4.
27.
x 1, y 2, z 3
28.
x
1
1
1
2
1
x log x 1 log x 1 tan x c
2
2
4
2
OR
28.
23
2
29.
Mean = 1, Variance = 0.49
172
XII Maths

1 Mark
x 1
, (x 1,-1), show that fof -1 is an identity function.
x +1
1)
If f(x) =
2)
2
2
If f(x) = Sin x + Sin x + + Cosx.Cos x + and g = 1, then find the value of gof(x) = x
3
3
4
(Ans : 1)
3)
Let * be a binary operation on the set of real numbers. If a * b = a+b-ab, 2 * (3 * x) = -7, find
the value of x.
(Ans : x=-2)
4)
Find the number of One-One functions from a finite set A to A, where n(A) = P
(Ans : P!)
5)
Let A = {4,5,0}. Find the number of binary operations that can be defined on A.
(Ans: 39)
6)
Let
:{R R} be a function defined by f(x) = x -3x+4, for all x R , find the value of f (2)
2
-1
Ans: {1,2}
7)
Let f : R R defined by f(x) = (ax2+b)3 find the function g : R R such that f(g(x)) = g(f(x))
1
2
1
x3 b
Ans: a
8)
If f( x) =
5x + 3
5
x , find g(x) such that gof(x) = x
4x - 5
4
9)
If f( x) =
1+ x
, show that f[f(tan)] = - cot
1- x
10)
Show that
11)
Let f, g be two functions defined by
f( x) =
12)
5x + 3
4x - 5
1
1
+ cot x + 5 + x 3 is an odd function.
3
sin x
x
x
x
, g( x) =
, then find (fog)-1( x)
x +1
1 x
Let f( x) =
Ans: g(x) =
Ans: x
x
, x -1, find the value of such that f(f(x)) = x
x +1
Ans: =-1
4 Marks / 6 marks
13)
x+y
1+ x
, show that f(x) + f(y) = f

If f( x) = log
1- x
1 + xy
14)
If R is a relation on a set A(A ), prove that R is symmetric iff R-1 = R
15)
Show that the relation R on N x N defined by (a,b)R(c,d) a+d = b+c is an equivalence relation.
16)
1
Let f : R + [5, ) given by f(x) = 9x2+6x-5. Show that f is invertiable with f (y) =
17)
Show that the relation congruence modulo 2 on the set Z (set of integers) is an equivalence
relation. Also find the equivalence class of 1.
3
y + 6 1
3
18)
If the function f : R A given by f(x) =
x2
x2 + 1
is surjection, find the set A.

Ans: A = Range of f(x)=[0,1)
19)
Let a relation R on the set R of real numbers be defined as (a,b) R 1 + ab > 0 for all a, b R.
show that R is reflexive and symmetric but not transitive.
20)
Let a relation R on the set R of real numbers defined as (x, y)R x 2 4 xy + 3y 2 = 0. Show that
R is reflexive but neither symmetric nor transitive.
21)
Let N denote the set of all natural numbers and R be the relation on N x N defined by
(a,b)R(c, d) ad(b + c) = bc(a + d). Show that R is an equivalence relation on N x N.
22)
Prove that the inverse of an equivalence relation is an equivalence relation.
23)
Let f : A B be a given function. A relation R in the set A is given by
R = {(a,b) A x A : f(a) = f(b)} . Check, if R is an equivalence relation.
Ans: Yes
24)
Let f and g be real valued functions, such that (fog)(x) = cosx3 and (gof)(x) = cos3x, find the
functions f and g.
Ans: f(x)=cosx, g(x) = x3
25)
Define a binary operation * on the set A = {0,1,2,3,4,5} as

a + b,
a *b =
a + b - 6,
if a + b < 6
if a + b 6
Show that zero is an identity element for this operation and each element a of the set is
invertiable with 6-a being the inverse of a.
26)
Show that the function f : N N given by f(x) = x - (-1)x for all x N is a bijection.
27)
Prove that relation R defined on the set N of natural numbers by

x R y 2x2-3xy+y2 = 0 is not symmetric but it is reflexive.
28)
Let X = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}. Let R1 and R2 be relations in X given by

R1 = {(x,y) : x-y is divisible by 3} and
R2 = {(x,y) ! {x,y} {1,4,7} or {x,y} {2,5,8}
or {x,y} {3,6,9}}. Show that R1 = R2
29)
Determine which of the following functions

f : R R are (a) One - One (b) Onto
(i) f(x) = |x| + x
(ii) f(x) = x - [x]
(Ans: (i) and (ii) Neither One-One nor Onto)
30)
On the set N of natural numbers, define the operation * on N by m*n = gcd(m,n) for all
m, n N. Show that * is commutative as well as associative.
*****

1 Mark
1)
1
3
Find the value of cosCos 2 + 6
Ans: -1
2)
Find the value of tan-11 + tan-12 + tan-13.
Ans:
3)
1 1
+ Cos1x = 1
Solve for x : SinSin
5
Ans:
4)
1 cos x
Write the simplest form : tan

1 sin x
Ans:
5)
Considering the principal solutions, find the number of solutions of
tan1 2 x + tan1 3x =
1
5
x
+
4 2
Ans: 2
6)
1 3
1 3
Find the principal value of Sin 2 + Cos 2
7)
1
1
1
Find the value of x if Co sec x + 2Cot 7 + Cos
8)
If Cos-1x = tan-1x, show that Sin(cos-1x) = x2
9)
1 5
1 12
If x > 0 and Sin + Sin =
, then find the value of x. Ans: x = 13
x 2
x
10)
1 1 x
Prove that Cos2Cot 1 + x + x = 0
Ans:
3
4
1
Ans: x = Co sec
125
117
4 Marks / 6 Marks
1
1
1
tan1
+ tan1
=
5
70
99 4
11)
1
Prove that 4 tan
12)
-1
1
1
If x, y, z [-1,1] such that Sin x + Sin y + Sin z =
x 2006 + y 2007 + z 2008
3
, find the value of
2
9
x
2006
+y
2007
Ans: zero ; x=1,y=1,z=1
+ z 2008
x
y
x 2 2 xy
y2
+ Cos1 = , prove that 2
cos + 2 = sin2
a
b
ab
a
b
13)
1
If Cos
14)
If Sin 1x + Sin 1y + Sin 1z = , prove that x 1- x 2 + y 1 y 2 + z 1 z 2 = 2 xyz
15)
1
1
Prove that : Sin2 cot cos(tan x) =
16)
In any Triangle ABC, if A = tan-12 and B = tan-13, prove that C =
}]
x2 + 1
x2 + 2
17)
[ {
y = Sec[cot {sin(tan
}]
If x = cosec tan-1 cos(cot1(sec(sin 1 a))) and
}]
-1
(cos ec(cos 1 a))) where a [0,1]
Find the relationship between x and y in terms of a

18)
1 ab + 1
1 bc + 1
1 ca + 1
Prove that : Cot
+ Cot b c + Cot c a = 0
a
b
19)
Solve for x : Sin
20)
1
1
1
2
2
Prove : cos x cos y = cos xy + 1 x . 1 y
21)
If tan 1 a + tan 1 b + tan 1 c = , Prove that a+b+c -= abc
22)
1
Prove that tan
23)
Solve for x : tan1(x + 1) + tan1 x + tan1(x 1) = tan1 3
24)
Solve : Sin 2 cos1 cot(2 tan1 x) = 0
25)
1
If Cos
2
2
+ Sin1
= 2 tan1 x
2
2
1+
1+
Ans: x2=y2=3-a2
Ans: x =
+
1
yz
zx
xy
+ tan 1
+ tan 1
=
where x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = r 2
xr
yr
zr
2
}]
Ans: x = -1
Ans: 1, - 1 2 , 1 2
x
y
+ cos 1 = , Prove that 9x 2 12 xy cos + 4 y 2 = 36 sin2
2
3
******
HIGHLY ORDER THINKING QUESTIONS

HOTS - MATRICES / DETERMINANTS
1)
a-x
a
b
3 2
If a + b + c = 0 and c
bx
a =0
a + b 2 + c2
then prove that either x = 0 or x =
2
b
a
cx
2)
p q
2
If A =
is such that A = I then find the value of I-P2+qr
r - p
3)
cos - sin
T
If A =
and A + A = I . Find the possible values of = 3
sin
cos
4)
Inverse of a square matrix is unique. Give an example to prove it?
5)
x 3 x 4 x a
x 2 x 3 x b = 0
Prove that
, where a, b, c are in A.P.
x 1 x 2 x c
a2
a 2 + ab
bc
ac +c 2
b2
ac = 4a 2b 2 c 2
b 2 + ac
c2
6)
Using properties of Determinants prove that :
7)
2 3
Express 1 4 as sum of the symmetric and skew symmetric matrices.
8)
ab
(b + c)2
ab
ca
2
+
ab
(a c)
bc = 2abc(a + b + c)2
Prove that
(Use properties to prove the above)
ca
bc
(a + b)2
x
sin
cos
sin cos
x
1
1
x
9)
Prove the determinant
is independent as (Ans: Scalar term)
10)
The total number of elements in a matrix represents a prime number. How many possible orders
a matrix can have.
2
1 8 10
4
0
3
10 20 10
11)
2 1
0 1 X =
Find the matrix X such that :

2 4
12)
If f(x) = 3x2-9x+7, then for a square matrix A, write f(A)
13)
(a + 1) (a + 2) (a + 2) 1
(a 2) (a 3) a 3) 1 = - 2
+
+
+
Prove that
(a + 3) (a + 4) (a + 4) 1
(3A2-9A+7I)
14)
Cos2 A
Cos2B
CosASinA
CosBSinB
,
Y
=
If
2
Sin A
Sin2B
CosASinA
CosBSinB
then show that XY is a zero matrix, provided (A-B) is an odd multiple of 2
15)
x 3 7
2 x 2 =0
Give that x = -9 is a root of
find the other roots. Hint: Evaluate, find other roots.
7 6 x
16)
3 1
If A = 7 5 find x and y such that A2+xI = yA. Find A-1
17)
If P and Q are equal matrices of same order such that PQ = QP, then prove by induction that
PQn = QnP. Further, show that (PQ)n = Pn x Qn
18)
2 0 0
A = 0 2 0, then A 5 = ?
If
0 0 2
19)
If A and B are two matrices such that AB = B and BA = A then A2+B2 = ____?_____\
20)
3n1 3n1 3n1

1 1 1
A = 1 1 1 then prove that A n = 3n1 3n1 3n1 n N

If
3n1 3n1 3n1
1 1 1
21)
Find the values of a, b, c if the matrix
I3
0 2b c
a b c satisfy the equation A|A = I3
A=
a b c
22)
Assume X, Y, Z, W and P are matrices of order (2 x n), (3xk), (n x 3) and (p x k) respectively, then
the restriction on n, k and p so that py + my will be defined are : (k=3, p=n)
23)
Let A and B be 3 x 3 matrices such that AT = -A and BT = B. Then the matrix (AB+3BA) is skew
symmetric matrix for .
( =3)
24)
3 1
If A = 1 2 , show that A25A+7I = 0, use the result to find A 4
55
39
55 16
25)
k 2
For what value of K the matrix 3 4 has no inverse.
(K = 3/2)
26)
If A is a non-singular matrix of order 3 and |A| = -4 Find |adj A|
(16)
27)
a11 a 12
Given A =
such that | A | = - 10. Find a11c11 + a12 c12
a 21 a 22
(10)
28)
x b c
x
y
z
a y c = 0, then find the value of
+
+
If
x -a y b z c
a b z
(2)
29)
2 3
If A = 3 4 satisfies the equation :
1
x2-6x+17 = 0 find A
30)
1 4 3
Ans :

17 3 2
2 4 0 2 1 6
Find the matrix x if 1 3 x 1 3 = 3 2
X =-
1 53 18
4 25 10
31)
cos a sin a 0
sin a cos a 0 then show that [P(x)]1 = [P( x)]
If P(a) =
0
0
1
32)
If two matrices A-1 and B are given how to find (AB)-1 verify with an example.
(Find B-1 then find B-1 x A-1)
33)
1 2 1
2 3 1
Verify (AdjA)-1 = adj(A-1)
If A =
1
1 5
34)
3 1
Find the values of a and b such that A2 + aI = bA where A = 7 5
35)
cos sin
If P() = sin cos show that p() x p() = p( + )
36)
cos i sin
cos n i sin n
n
If A = i sin cos then prove by Mathematical Induction that : A = i sin n cos n
37)
1
3 4
1
If A = 1 2 find Matrix B such that AB = I, Ans : B =
2
38)
(a=b=8)
2
3
2
x y z
y z x is negative.
If x, y, z are positive and unequal show that the value of determinant
z x y
sin(A + B + C) sin B
cos C
sin B
0
tan A = 0
cos(A + B)
tan A
0
39)
If A + B + C = , show that
40)
Find the quadratic function defined by the equation f(x) = ax 2+bx+c

if f(o) = 6, f(2) = 11, f(-3) = 6, using determinants.
41)
If x, y and z all positive, are pth, qth and rth terms of a G.P. Prove that
9
log x p 1
log y q 1 = 0
log z r 1
42)
2y + 4 5y + 7 8 y + a
3y + 5 6 y + 8 9y + b
If a, b, c are in A.P. then find the value of :
4 y + 6 7 y + 9 10 y + c
43)
cos 2 sin 2
cos sin
n
If A = sin cos then show that A = sin 2 cos 2
44)
0 0 1
0 1 0 find A 2 Hence find A 6

If A =
1 0 0
(O)
1 0 0
0 1 0
Ans:
0 0 1
1 0 2 x
2 1 4 = 0
2 0 3 1
[x 5 1]0
45)
Find x, if
Ans: x = 4 3
46)
If P and Q are invertible matrices of same order, then show that PQ is also invertible.
47)
If the points (2,0), (0,5) and (x,y) are collinear give a relation between x and y.
48)
3 y 3 2
Let x 1 = 4 1 find the possible values of x and y, find the values if x = y.
49)
n
a b
n
a
=
prove
that
A
If A = 0 1
50)
For any square matrix verify A(adj A) = |A|I
b(a n 1)
a 1 , n N
1
*****
10
CONTINUITY AND DIFFERENTIABILITY

1 Mark
1)
2)
Let f be continuous function on [1,3]. If f takes only rational values for all x and f(2) = 10 then
find the value of f(1.5)
Ans: 10
Let f be a non zero continuous function satisfying f(x+y) = f(x).f(y) for all x, y R. If f(2) = 9
then find the value of f(3).
Ans: 33=27, f(x) is of the form ax.
3)
Find
4)
Find the set of all points where the function f(x) = 2x|x| is differentiable.
5)
If f (x) = g(x) and g (x) = -f(x) for all n and f(2) = f (2)=4, find the value of f (24)+g2(24)
Ans: 32
6)
..........
dy
xx
when y = x x
dx
Ans:
dy
y2
=
dx x(1 y log x)
Ans: (, )
2
x x 2 x3
f( x) = 1 2 x 3x 2
If
then find f|(x)
0 2 6x
x
, x > 0 find
Ans: 6x2
dy
dx
7)
Let y = y = e
8)

Verify Rolles theorem for the function f(x) = sin2x in 0,
2
9)
Find
dy
when y = a x .x a
dx
10)
Find
dy
1+ x2
when y = tan-1
dx
1 x 2
Ans:
1 e x
4
x
Ans: C=
Ans: a x .x a 1(a + x log a)

Ans:
2x
4
1+ x
4 MARKS/6 MARKS
11)
1 cos 4 x
, if x < 0
x2
f( x) =
a
, if x = 0
Given that
x
, if x > 0
16 + x 4
If f(x) is continuous at x = 0, find the value of a.
12)
13)
1
e x 1
, when x 0
f( x) = 1
Show that the function :
e x + 1
when x = 0
0 ,
Ans: a=8
is discontinuous at x = 0
3x + 4tanx
continuous at x = 0? If not, how may the function be defined to
x
make it continuous at this point.
Is the function f( x) =
3x + 4 tan x
, when x 0
f
(
x
)
=
x
Ans:
7 ,
when x = 0
11
14)
Find a and b if the function :

a
|sin x|
[1+ | sin x |]
,
<x<0
6
f( x) =
6
,
x=0
tan 2 x
e tan 3 x
, 0<x<
6

,
is continuous on
6 6
15)
| x |, x 2
Show that the function : f( x) = [x] , x > 2 is continuous on [0,2]
16)
Show that Sin|x| is continuous.
17)
x + , x < 1
Show that the function f( x) = x 2 + 1, x 1
is continuous function, regardless of the choice of R

18)
Determine the values of a, b and c for which the function :
sin(a + 1)x + sinx , x < 0
f( x) =
c
, x=0
x + bx 2 x
, x>0
b x3
may continuous at x = 0
3
1
Ans: a = , c = , b may have any real number.
2
2
19)
20)
Show that the function f(x) = |Sinx+cosx| is continuous at x =
log(1 + ax) - log(1- bx)

is not defined at x = 0. Find the value of f(x) so that
x
f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
The function f( x) =
Ans: f(x) to be continuous at x = 0, f(o) = a+b

21)
Find all the points of discontinuity of f defined by f(x) = |x|-|x+1|
22)
| x | cos
if x 0
f
(
x
)
=
x
Let
0
if x = 0
then discuss the continuity of f(x) at x = 0
Ans: Yes, f(x) is continuous at x = 0

23)
Discuss the continuity of the following function at x = 0
x 4 + x 3 + 2x 2
, x0
tan1 x
f( x) =
10 ,
x=0
12
Ans: x=0, -1
24)
Let
1- sin x
if x <
3 cos2 x
2
f( x) =
a
if x =
2
b
(
1
sin
x
)
if x >
( 2x )2
2
If f(x) is continuous at x x =
, find a and b.
2
Ans : a=, b = 4
25)
Let (x) and (x) be derivable at x = 3. Show that necessary and sufficient condition for the
function defined as :
(x), x c
f( x) =
to be derivable at x = c are (i) (c) = (c) (ii) |(c) = |(c)
(x), x > c
26)
dy
-1 5x + 12 1 x
when
y
=
Sin
Find dx
13
27)
dy
2x
1
1 2
2
4
+
If y = Sin x 1 x + x 1 x , prove that dx =
4
2
1 x
1 x
28)
If y =
29)
1 a cos x b sin x
Differentiate w.r.t. x, y = tan
b cos x + a sin x
30)
Find
31)
x
x
x
Sinx
,
Given that Cos .Cos .Cos ......... =
2
4
8
x
1 x
ab
x
dy
1
tan1
tan , prove that
,a > b > 0
=
2
dx a + b cos x
a + b
a b
2
dy
, when y = sin-1 x x 1 x 1 x 2
dx
1
2
Sec 2
Ans: -1
Ans:
x
1
x
1
+ 4 Sec 2 + ....... = Co sec 2 x 2
2 2
4
x
1 + sin x + 1 sin x
dy
1
, find
Let y = Cot
dx
1 + sin x 1 sin x
Ans:
Prove that
32)
Ans:
dy 1
x
x
= , Take 1 sinx = cos sin
dx 2
2
2
33)
dy
5
2 + 3x
1 4 x
+ tan1
=
, show that
Let y = tan
3
2
x
dx
1 + 5x
1 + 25x 2
34)
d 1
x 2 + 2x + 1
1
2x
1
1
+
log
tan
=
Prove that dx
2
2
1 x 1 + x 4
x 2x + 1 2 2
4 2
13
1
1 x
1
2 x 1 x
35)
If (x-a)2 + (y-b)2 = c2 for some c > 0 prove that
dy 2
1 +
dx
d2 y
dx 2
36)
If
is a constant independent of a and b.
1 x 2 + 1 y 2 = a(x y), prove that
y=
x
x
sec 2
b + a + b a tan 2
dy
2
=
log
prove that
x
x
2
2
dx
b a
b + a b a tan
(b + 1) (b a) tan2
2
2
If
38)
If y =| cos x | + | sin x |, find
39)
1
2
dy
1 y 2
=
dx
1 x 2
37)
Ans:
Ans: = -c
dy
2
at x =
dx
3
( 3 1); Take y = - cosx + sinx around x = 23
1
1
3
3
dy
-1 x + a
when y = tan
1 1
dx
1 x 3 a 3
Find
40)
dy
2x 1
|
2
and f (x) = sin x , find
If y = f 2
dx
x + 1
41)
cos x
+ (tan 1 x) y = 1, find
If y
Ans :
1
2
3x 3 1 +
Ans:
2
x3
dy 2x 2 + 2x + 2 2x 1
=
Sin 2
dx
( x 2 + 1)2
x + 1
dy
dx
(tan 1 x) y 1.y
y cot x .cos ec 2 x.log y
1+ x 2
Ans: dy =
cot x 1
y
1
1
dx
y
.cot x + (tan x) .log(tan x)
Use logarithmic differentiation.
42)
d2 y
If x = cos + log tan , y = sin find 2 at =

2
4
dx
Ans: 2 2
43)
-1 5 sin x + 4 cos x
1 3 cos x 2 sin x
Differentiate Cos
w.r.t. Sin
13
41
Ans: 1
44)
1
1
2
If y = x + 1 log x + 1 + 2
x
45)
dy
1
If x 1 + y + y 1 + x , prove that dx =
(1 + x )2
46)
Verify Rolles theorem for the function f( x) = e1 x in the interval [-1,1]
, find dy
dx
Ans :
14
dy x 2 + 1 + x 2 + 1
=
dx
x(1 + 1 + x 2
Ans: C = 0
47)
It is given that for the function f(x) = x3-6x2+px+q on [1,3]. Rolles theorem holds with
C =2+
1
3
. Find the values of p and q.
48)
If f(x) and g(x) are functions derivable in [a,b] such that f(a) = 4, f(b) = 10, g(a) =1, g(b) =3.
Show that for a < c < b, we have f|(c) = 3g|(c).
49)
Using LMV Theorem, find a point on the curve y = (x-3)2, where the tangent is parallel to the
chord joining (3,0) and (5,4)
Ans: (4,1)
50)
5
Verify the Rolles Theorem for the function f(x) = Sinx-Cosx in the interval ,
4 4
Ans: C=
******
15
3
4
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
1)
The slope of the tangent to the curve represented by x = t2+3t-8 and y = 2t2-2t-5 at the point
M(2,-1) is
(a) 7 6
2)
(1,2)
(1, )
(c) 5 2 , 3
(d) (2,4)
Ans: (b) and (c)
(b) (-1, )
(c) (- , )
(d) (0, )
Ans: all
(c) (O)
1
Sin3x has an extreme at x = 3 is
3
(d) 2
Ans: d
(2,3)
(b)
8 ,0
( 18,0)
(d)
(d) none of these
Ans: (a)
1
1
cos 2 x cos 3x is
2
3
Ans: (c)
Ans: (b)
If is the semivertical angle of a cone of maximum volume and given slant height, then tan
is given by
2
If f( x) =
(b) 1
(d)
both f(x) and g(x) are increasing

both f(x) and g(x) are decreasing
f(x) is an increasing function
g(x) is an increasing function
Ans: (c)
Ans: (c)
then
f(x) is increasing on [1,2]

f(x) is continuous on [1,3]
f|(2) doesnt exist
f(x) has the maximum value at x = 2
The function
(a)
(d)
(c)
x
x
and g(x) =
where 0 x 1 then in this interval
sinx
tanx
3x 2 + 12x 1 : 1 x 2
If f( x) =
: 2< x 3
37 x
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
11)
(b) (2,3)
(b) 8 7
(c) 9 4
(d) 3 8
If y = a log|x| + bx2+x has its extreme values at x = 1 and x = 2 then
(a) a=2 b= 1
(b) a=2, b = (c) a=2, b= (d) none of these
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
10)
Ans (d)
The difference between the greatest and the least values of the function
(a)
9)
(d)
x2 y2
+
= 1 so that the
8 18
area of the triangle formed by the tangent at P and the co-ordinate axes is the smallest are given
by
(a)
8)
(b) 1
f( x) = cosx +
7)
The co-ordinates of the point p(x,y) in the first quadrant on the ellipse
(a)
6)
(c)
The value of a for which the function f(x) = aSinx +

(a)
5)
The function y = tan-1xx decreases in the interval of

(a)
4)
The function f(x) = 2 log (x2) x2+4x+1 increases in the interval.

(a)
3)
(b)
Ans: (a),(b),(c),(d)
sin( x + )
has no maximum or minimum value if
sin( x + )
= k (b) - k (c) - = 2k
None of these where K is an integer.
16
Ans: (b)
12)
If f( x) =
x2 1
for every real number then minimum value of f
x2 + 1
(a) does not exist

(c) is equal to 1
13)
Ans: (d)
If the line ax+by+c = 0 is normal to the curve xy = 1 then

(a) a>0, b>0
14)
(b) is not attained even though f is bounded

(d) is equal to 1
(b) a>0, b<0
(d) a<0, b>0
(d) a<0, b<0
Ans: (b),(c)
The tangent to the curve
x = a cos 2 cos y = a cos2 sin at the point corresponding to = 6 is

(a)
(c)
15)
Parallel to the x-axis

Parallel to the line y = x
0
(b) 7
If x = a( - sin), y = a(1- cos) then
(a)
17)
1
a
(b)
If
(b) cosx
(b)
3a + 2b = 5
Perpendicular
1
a
(d)
1
2a
Ans: (c)
(c) secx
(d) secx
Ans: (d)
1
2
(c)
1
2
(d) does not exist
Ans: (b)
(b) 3a = 2+3b
(c) 3,2
(d) none of these
Ans: (b)
(c) coincident (d) none of these
Ans: (b)
Parallel to x-axis (b) parallel to y-axis (c) Perpendicular to x-axis

perpendicular to y-axis
Ans: (a)
y1=mx1+c
(b) parallel
(b) y1= mx1
The function f( x) = -

,
(a)
2 2
24)
(c)
If the slope of the tangent is zero at (x1, y1) then the equation of the tangent at (x1,y1) is
(a)
23)
1
2
dy
= 0 then the tangent is
dx
(a)
(d)
22)
d2 y
at = 2 is
dx 2
The tangents to the curve y = x3+6 at the points (-1,5) and (1,7) are
(a)
21)
Ans: (b)
ax + 1 x 3
The values of a and b for which the function f( x) = bx + 3 x > 3 is continuous at x = 3 are
(a)
20)
(d) 10
C on LMV for f(x) = x23x in [0,1] is

(a)
19)
(c) 8
dy

is
If y = log tan + then
dx
4 2
(a) 0
18)
Ans: (a)
The minimum value of f(x) = |3x| + |2+x| + |5x| is

(a)
16)
(b) Parallel to the y-axis

(d) none of these
(c) yy1
(d) y=0
Ans: (c)
x
+ sin x is always increasing in
2
-

(b) 0, (c) , (d)
,
3 3
4 2
4
Ans: (d)\
The least value of a such that the function f(x) = x2+ax+1 is strictly increasing on (1,2) is
(a)
(b) 2
(c)
17
1
2
(d)
1
2
Ans: (a)
25)
The least value of f(x) = tan-1 (sinx + cosx) strictly increasing is

(a) , (b) 0,
4 2
2
(c) 0
(d) none of these
Ans: (d)
4-6 Marks
26)
Determine the points of maxima and minima of the function
1
f( x)= log x bx + cx 2 where b 0
8
Ans: f has maxima at 2 =
27)
1
1
2
2
b b 1 and minima at = b + b 1
4
4
Find the interval in which the following functions are increasing or decreasing
10
2
(a) y = log x + 1 + x (b) y = 3
4x 9 x 2 + 6 x
1
1
Ans: (a) increases on (, ) (b) increases on ,1 and decreases on (,0) 0, (1, )
2
2
28)
Find the equation of normal to the curve y = (1 + x) y + sin1(sin 2 x) at x = 0
29)
If P1 and P2 are the lengths of the perpendiculars from origin on the tangent and normal to the
curve x
30)
+y
=a
respectively Prove that 4P12 + P22 = a 2
What angle is formed by the y-axis and the tangent to the parabola y = x 2+4x17 at
the point P 5 2 , 3 4 ?
31)
Ans: x+y=1
1
Ans: = 2 tan 9
A cone is circumscribed about a sphere of radius r. Show that the volume of the cone is maximum
1 1
when its semi vertical angle is Sin
3
32)
Find the interval in which the function f(x) is increasing or decreasing
f( x) = x 3 12 x 2 + 36 x + 17
Ans:Increasing in x<2 or x>6

Decreasing 2<x<6
33)
34)
35)
Find the equation of tangent to the curve
sum is intercepts on the axes is constant.

Find the point on the curve y = x311x+5 at which the tangent has equation y = x11
Ans: (2,9)
Find the equation of all lines having slope 1 and that are tangents to the curve
y=
36)
37)
38)
x + y = a at the point (x1, y 1 ) and show that the
1
,x 1
x 1
Ans: x+y+1=0 ; x+y3=0
Prove that the curves y2 = 4ax and xy = c2 cut at right angles if c4 = 32a4
Find the points on the curve y = x3 3x2+2x at which the tangent to the curve is parallel to the
line y 2x + 3 = 0.
Ans: (0,0) (2,0)
Show that the semi vertical angle of a right circular cone of maximum volume and given slant
height is tan 1 2
39)
Show that the semi vertical angle of a right circular cone of given total surface area and maximum
1
volume is sin
1
3
18
40)
Show that the right circular cone of least curved surface area and given volume is
radius of the base.
41)
Show that the height of a cylinder of maximum volume that can be inscribed in a sphere of radius
R is
42)
2 times the
2R
3
Find the absolute maximum and absolute minimum value of f( x) = 2cosx + x x[ 0 , ]

Ans: max at x = 6 and min at x = 5 6
43)
Show that the volume of greatest cylinder which can be inscribed in a cone of height h and semi
vertical angle is
44)
4
h3 tan2
27
A window is in the form of a rectangle above which there is a semicircle. If the perimeter of the
window is P cm. Show that the window will allow the maximum possible light only when the
radius of the semi circle is
45)
P
cm
+4
x2 y2
Find the area of the greatest isoscles triangle that can be inscribed in a given ellipse 2 + 2 = 1
a
b
with its vertex coinciding with one extremity of the major axis.
46)
A rectangular window is surmounted by an equilateral triangle. Given that the perimeter is 16

cm. Find the width of the window so that the maximum amount of light may enter.
47)
Show that the volume of the greatest cylinder which can be inscribed in a cone of height h and
semi vertical angle 30o is
48)
4
h3
81
Show that the height of the right circular cylinder of maximum volume that can be inscribed in a
given right circular cone of height h is h 3 .
49)
50)
Of all the rectangles each of which has perimeter 40 metres find one which has maximum area.
Find the area also.
Show that the rectangle of maximum area that can be inscribed in a circle of radius r cms is a
square of side
51)
2r
Prove that the volume of the largest cone that can be inscribed in a sphere of radius R is
the volume of the sphere.
52)
8
of
27
Show that the semi vertical angle of the cone of maximum volume and of given slant height is
tan 1 2
53)
Given the sum of the perimeters of a square and a circle show that the sum of their areas is least
when the side of the square is equal to the diameter of a circle.
54)
Find the maximum slope of the curve f( x) = 2x + 3x 2 x 3 27
55)
Show that the height of the cone of maximum volume that can be inscribed in a sphere of radius
12 cm is 16 cm.
56)
A point on the hypotenuse of a right angled triangle is at distances a and b from the sides. Show
2
2
that the length of the hypotenuse is at least a 3 + b 3
19
57)
Sand is pouring from a pipe at the rate of 12cm3/sec. The falling sand forms a cone on the
ground in such a way that the height of the cone is always one-sixth of the radius of the base.
How fast is the height of the sand cone in increasing when the height is 4 cm?
1
cm/ sec.
48
Ans :
58)
A man 160 cm tall walks away from a source of light situated at the top of the pole 6m high at the
rate of 1.1 m/sec. How fast is the length of the shadow increasing when he is 1m away from the
pole.
Ans: 0.4 cm/sec.
59)
An edge of a variable cube is increasing at the rate of 5 cm/sec. How fast is the volume of the
cube is increasing when edge is 10cm long?
Ans: 1500 cm3/sec.
60)
A balloon which always remains spherical is being inflated by pumping in gas at the rate of 900
cm3/sec. Find the rate at which the radius of the balloon is increasing when the radius of the
balloon is 15 cm.
Ans:
1
cm/ sec.
61)
The volume of a spherical balloon is increasing at the rate of 25 cm3/sec. Find the rate of change
of its surface area at the instant when the radius is 5 cm. Ans: 10 cm2/sec.
62)
The surface area of a spherical bubble is increasing at the rate of 2 cm2/sec. Find the rate at
which the volume of the bubble is increasing at the instant if its radius is 6 cm.
Ans: 80 cm2 / sec.
63)
Gas is escaping from a spherical balloon at the rate of 900 cm3/sec. How fast is the surface area,
radius of the balloon shrinking when the radius of the balloon is 30cm?
Ans:
64)
dA
dr
1
= 60cm2 / sec .
=
cm/ sec .
dt
dt 4
Water is passed into an inverted cone of base radius 5 cm and depth 10 cm at the rate of
3
c.c./ sec . Find the rate at which the level of water is rising when depth is 4 cm.
2
Ans:
3
cm/ sec.
8
65)
Show that the function f(x) = e2x is strictly increasing on R.
66)
Show that f(x) = 3x5 + 40x3 + 240x is always increasing on R.
67)
Find the interval in which the function f(x) = x44x3+4x2+15 is increasing or decreasing.
68)
Find whether f( x) = cos 2 x + 4
69)
Find the interval in which the function
)38 < x < 58
4.sin x 2 x x cos x
2 + cos x
3
,2
Ans: 0, 2
2
70)
FInd the interval in which f(x) = 8+36x+3x22x3 is increasing or decreasing.

Ans: Increasing : 2 < x < 3 decreasing : x > 3 or x < 2
71)
Find the interval on which the function
x
log x
Ans: Increasing in ( (e, )

decreasing for (0,1)U(1,e)
20
72)
Find the points on the curve
x2 y2
+
= 1 at which the tangents are parallel to x-axis and parallel
4 25
Ans: (0,5), (2,0)
to y-axis.
73)
3
3
Find equation of tangents to the curve x = acos , y = bsin at = 4
74)
Find the equations of the normal lines to the curve y = 4x33x+5 which are parallel to the line
9y+x+3 = 0.
75)
Ans: x+9y-55=0, x+9y-35=0
2
FInd the equation of tangent and normal to the curve y =
x3
at (2, 2)
4x
Ans: 2x+y2=0, x2y6=0

76)
FInd the equation of the tangent to the curve
a2 a2
x + y = a at the point ,
4 4
Ans: 2x+2y=a2
77)
Find the angle between the parabolas y2=4ax and x2=4by at their point of intersection other than
1
1
3
3
3a b
= tan 1
2
2
Ans:
2 a 3 + b 3

the origin.
78)
Using differentials find the appropriate value of (82 ) 14
79)
If y = x410 and if x changes from 2 to 1.97, what is the appropriate change in y ?
Ans: 3.0092
Ans: 0.96, y changes from 6 to 5.04

80)
Find the appropriate change in volume of a cube when side increases by 1%. Ans: 3%
81)
17
Use differentials to evaluate
81
82)
Using differentials evaluate tan 44o approximately, 1o = 0.07145o.
Ans: 0.9651
83)
Find the approximate value of x if 2x4160 = 0
Ans: 2.991
84)
Find the maximum and minimum values of f, if any of the function f(x) = |x|, x R
85)
Find the maximum and minimum value of f(x) = |(sin4x+5)| without using derivatives.
86)
The curve y = ax3+6x2+bx+5 touches the x-axis at P(-2,0) and cuts the y-axis at a point Q where
its gradient is 3. Find a,b,c.
1
4
approximately.
Ans: 0.677
Ans: a =
1
3
b=
, c=3
2
4
87)
FInd the local maxima and local minima if any of the function f(x) = e5x
88)
Find the maxima or minima if any of the function f(x) =
1
2
x +2
Ans: local max at x = 0, value
89)
1
2
Without using derivatives find the maximum or minimum value of f(x) = |x+5| + 3
Ans: max value 3, no minimum value
21
90)
Without using derivatives find the maximum and minimum value of f(x) = sin2x + 7
Ans: Max. value 8, min. value 6
91)
FInd whether f(x) = ex has maxima or minima.
92)
At what point in the interval [0,2] does the function Sin2x attain its maximum value?
93)
Find the intervals in which f(x) = logcosx is strictly decreasing and strictly increasing.
Ans: No maxima nor minima
Ans: decreasing 0, 2 , increasing 2 ,
94)
Find the interval in which y = x2ex is increasing.
Ans: (0,2)
95)
Find two positive numbers x and y such that their sum is 16 and sum of whose cubes is minimum.
Ans: 8,8
96)
Find the local maximum and local minimum value of the function.
f( x) = sinx +
1
cos 2 x in 0, 2
2
Ans: local max. value
at x =
4
6
97)
Two equal sides of an isosceles triangle with fixed base b are decreasing at the rate of 3cm/sec.
How fast is the area decreasing when the two equal sides are equal to the base?
98)
A poster is to contain 50cm2 of matter with borders of 4 cm at top and bottom and of 2 cm on
each side. Find the dimensions if the total area of the poster is minimum.
99)
Find the sides of a rectangle of greatest area that can be inscribed in the ellipse x 2 + 4 y 2 = 16
Ans: 4 2 , 2 2
100)
Find the maximum profit that a company can make if the profit function is given by
P( x) = 41 - 24x - 18x 2
Ans: 49
******
22
INTEGRATION
Objective Questions - choose the correct alternative
1)
cos x
x
dx =
(a) sin x
2)
(d)
(b) log sec(logx)
(c) log sin(logx)
(d) logcos(logx)
(b) 2 cot x
(c)
(d)
tan x
sin x cos x dx =
(a) 2 tan x
4)
(c) 2 sin x
tan(log x)
dx =
x
(a) log cos(logx)

3)
dx
sin x +
(a)
3 cos x
6)
sin 2 xdx
cos 2 x + b 2 sin 2 x
b a
(d) log cos ec x + + cot x +

2
3
3
(d)
1
log(a 2 cos2 x + b 2 sin2 x)
ba
2
a + b2
log(a 2 cos 2 x + b 2 sin2 x)
e x dx
=
e2x + 1
x
3
a x3
2x
(a)
3a
8)
(b)
log(a 2 cos 2 x + b 2 sin 2 x)
(a) log(e x + e x )
7)
tan x
x
log tan + (b) log cos ec x + cot x +
2
3
3
2
2
6
(a) (b a) log(a 2 cos2 x + b 2 sin2 x)

(c)
cot x
(c) log sec x + tan x

2
6
6
5)
cos x
x
(b) 2 cos x
x e
3 x2
(c) tan1(e x )
(b) log(e 2x + 1)
(d) tan1(2e x )
dx =
(b)
2 1 x
sin
3
a
(c)
2
x
cos1
3
a
(d)
2 1 a
sin
3
x
dx =
2
2 x
(a) x (e 1)
(b)
1 2 x2
x (e 1)
2
(c)
1 x2 2
1 x2
e (x 1) (d)
(e 1)
2
2
23
9)
x sin1 x
1 x 2
1 x 2 sin 1 x
(a)
10)
dx =
x tan
x 2 + 1
tan1 x x (c) x 2 + 1 tan1 x x
(b)
2 +
x
2
(b) xtan
x
2
(C) cot
x
2
(d) xcot
x
2
sin2 x cos2 x
dx =
sin2 x. cos2 x
dx
1 x
(b) tan x cot x
(c) tan x + sec x
(d) tan x + cos ecx
1
1 x 2 + 1
1
1 x 2 1
(b) log
(a) 3 log
3
1 x 2 1
1 x3 + 1
(c) 3 log
14)
dx
xX
(a)
15)
1
1 x
(d)
1
log 1 x 3
3
1
x2
1
1 x 2
(1- x )
log
(b)
log
(c) log
2
2
2
2
x(1 + x)
1 x
x
(d) logx(1- x 2 )
1 + x 2 d(x 2 ) =
(a)
16)
x + sin x
(a) tan x + cot x

13)
1+ cos x dx =
(a) tan
12)
(d) sin-1x
x dx =
x 2 + 1
x
1
(a) 2 tan x 2
11)
(c) x - 1- x 2 sin 1 x
(b) xsin-1x
2
1+ x 2
3x
2 xdx
1+ x
(b)
2
1+ x 2
3
(c)
2x
1+ x2
3
1
(d) tan1 2
x
(d)
2x
1+ x 2
3
( )
1 2
(a) tan x
(b)
1
tan1 x 2
2
(c) log 1 + x 4
24
(d) x 2 + 1 tan1 x + x
3 x dx
17)
1 9x
1
1 x
1 x
(a) log e 3 sin (3 ) (b) log 3 sin (3 )
e
18)
dx =
x(x 1)
x4
log
4
(a)
x 1
19)
(b)
1
tan x +
x
2
dx
(2 + x)
1+ x
dx
21)
x+
22)
Ssin2x log cosx dx =

(a)
If
x( x 2 1)
x2 + 1
1
tan1 1 + x (c) tan1 1 + x (d) log (2 + x) 1 + x
2
1
(b) log(1 + x ) (c) 2 log(1 + x )
2
(d) log(x + x )
1
1
cos2 x cos2 xlogcosx (b)
cos2 x + cos2logcosx (c) cos2 x.log cos x(d) cos2 x(1 log cos x)
2
2
dx
tan
(a) a =
25)
(d) log
(x + 1)(x 2) = Alog(x + 1) + Blog(x - 2) + C, then
If
If
x 4 1
1
log 4
4
x
x
x (c) 2 tan1 x + 1 (d) 1 tan1 1 x
(b)
tan
x
2
2
2
= (a) log(1 + x )
(a) A+B = 0
24)
(c)
1
(a) 2 tan 1 + x (b)
23)
1 x 2 + 1
log 2
2
x + 1
elog 1 + 2 dx
x =
1
x2 + 2
x
(a)
20)
x
1
sin1(3 2 )
loge 3
(c) log e 3 sin1(3 2 ) (d)
(b) AB =
(c) AB =
1
9
(d) AB = 9
x dx = a tan3 x + b tan x + cx, then
1
3
(b) b = 1
(c) a = 1
(d) c = 1
cos x
cos(x a)dx = Ax + B log cos (x - ), then
(a) A = cos
(b) B = sin
(c) A = sin
(d) B = cos
Answers :
1. (c) 2. (b), (d) 3. (a)
4. (a), (b), (c), (d) 5. (c) 6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (c) 10. (a) 11. (b)
12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (a) 15. (b) 16. (a)
23. (a), (c)
24. (a), (b), (d)
17. (b) 18. (c) 19. (b) 20. (a) 21. (c) 22. (a)
25. (a), (b).

25
EVALUATE
26)
| x | dx
27)
10
+ 10 x +
10 x
+
+ x 10 + 1010 dx
x 10
10 x
101 2
x11
x + 10 log | x | +
+
+ 1010 x + c
log 10 20
11
Ans:
(a
x
Ans : | x | +c
2
x 2
+b
a xb x
28)
29)
1+ sin x dx
30)
cos 1(sin x)dx
31)
3 2 x e 2 x dx
32)
sin
dx
Ans : tanx - secx + c
Ans :
Ans :
1
dx
x cos2 x
34)
1+ x
Sin2 2 tan1
1 x
35)
sin x + cos x
36)
37)
x + sin
38)
sin x cos x dx
39)
ax
dx
a+x
40)
41)
x + log sec x dx
1 + sin 2 x
dx
dx
tan x
1
1
dx
1 + tan x
2 log 3e
-| x 1
Ans : x -
x3
+c
3
Ans : x + c
dx
cos2 x + b 2 sin2 x
1 + sin 2 x
(3e )2 x
Ans : x - 2tan-1x + c
sin 2x
2
x2
x
+c
2
2
Ans : tanx - cotx + c
e 2 log x 1
dx
e 2 log x + 1
33)
a
b

b + a + 2x + c
Ans:
a
b
log b log a
dx
Ans :
1
b2 a 2
log(a 2 cos2 x + b 2 sin2 x) + c
An s : log | x + sin2 x | + c
Ans : 2 tanx + c
A ns : a sin-1
x
+ a2 x 2 + c
a
Ans : log | e x 1| x + c
A ns : log | x + logsecx | + c
26
42)
1+
43)
23
Ans : 2log ( x + 1) + c
dx
2x 1 dx
Ans :
dx
44)
sin x sin(x + )
46)
sin2 x
(x + 1)
x2 + 1
x > -1
49)
3 sin x + 4 cos x dx
Ans :
2 sin x + 3 cos x
x + cos
51)
dx
Ans :
52)
S tan d
Ans :
53)
54)
Ans :
sin 1 x cos 1 x
sin
4
+1
2X
2 2 2 2 2 X dx
sin x + cos x
sin
x + cos4 x
Ans:
2
sin
sin( x + )
+c
sin x
1
a tan x
tan1
+c
ab
b
Hint : - x + 1 =
1
dx
4 + 5 cos x
48)
50)
Ans :
dx
sin(x + )
=t
sin x
Ans : e sin2x + c
sin 2x dx
dx
sin x + b 2 cos2 x
4
3
(2x 1) 3 (56 x 2 + 24 x + 9) + c
1120
Hint : Put
45)
47)
2 2
Ans : -
1 x 2 + 2x 2
1
log
x +1
2
|
+c
3 + tan x 2
1
log
+c
3
3 tan x 2
18
1
x+
log 3 sin x + 4 cos x + c
25
25
dx Ans :
1
t
tan1
{ xx
x2 1
2x
(1 2 x) sin 1 x x + c
1
4 2
log
x 2 2x + 1
x 2 + 2x + 1
+c
tan 1
1
tan 2 tan + 1
+
tan1
log
+c
2
tan + 2 tan
2 tan 2 2
Ans :
x
1
22
2
+c
(log2)3
dx Ans :
1 1
log
2 2 2 + 1
2 +1 + t
2 +1 t
1
2
2 1
tan1
+c
2 1
t
Where t = sinx cosx
1
x
dx Ans : log(x + 2) - log(x 2 + 4) + tan1 + c
2
2
+ 4)
55)
(x + 2)(x
56)
(1 + sin x)(2 + sin x) dx
57)
cos x
1 + sinx
Ans : log
+c
2 + sinx
cos 2x
1
1+ t
1
2 +t
dx Ans : log
+
log
+c
sin x
2
1 t
2
2 t
27
Where t =
1 tan 2 x
58)
1
tan x 2
Ans : log
+c
5
2 tan x + 1
dx
(sin x 2 cos x)(2 sin x + cos x)
Hint: divided n r and D r by cos2x

59)
60)
a3 x 3
dx
x(x 7 + 1)
61)
2
x 2
Ans : sin 1 3 + c
3
a 2
dx
1
x7
Ans : log 7
+c
7
x +1
1 + cos x
(1 cos x)
62)
dx
Ans :
log(1+ tan )d
Ans :
63)
64)
dx
2
2
(a sin x + b 2 cos2 x)2
cos x
dx
3 + 4 sin x
65)
dx
Ans :
Ans :
(a 2 + b 2 )
Hint: divide Nr and Dr by Cos4x
4 a 3 b3
x cos x dx
0
67)
log 2
8
1 3 + 2 3
Ans : log
4
3
66)
1+ x
7
3
2 cos x + 4 sin x dx
Ans :
5 - 2
2 2
Ans :
68)
+ 2 x 3 dx
Evaluate
70)
log
Ans : 4
69)
x sin x
1 + cos
0
cos 4 x dx
Ans :
dx
A ns :
3
8
2
4
71)
log(1 + cos x)dx

0
ans : - log2
28
3+ 5
2
72)
x tan x
sec x cos ecx

0
73)
x(1 x) dx
n
74)
log tan x
Ans : 2
Ans :
1
1
n+1 n+ 2
Ans : I = 0
75)
xdx
1+ sin x + cos x
76)
cos 4 x dx
Ans : 2 log 2
Ans :
3
8
77)
x + 3 dx
78)
sin 2
a b cos d
79)
dx
x +1 + x
80)
a>b>0
Ans: I = 0
2 3
Ans : 3 2 1
3
sin 2x sin 3x dx
Ans :
3
5
Ans :
2
2ab
81)
a
4
Ans : 2 - 2
sin x dx
84)
cos 2 x + b 2 sin2 x
sin x dx
83)
82)
x dx
Ans : 2 - 2
sin x cos x
1+ sin x cos x dx
Ans : 0
85)
x+
0
dx
a2 x2
Ans : 4
29
86)
[ x 1 + x 2 + x 3 ]dx
1
87)
20
12 x
x + 12 x
89)
Ans : 0
dx
Ans : 3
4x
log 4 + x dx
Ans : 0
90)
sin 9 x d x
2 cos x + 4 sin x dx
Ans :
91)
log(cos )d
Ans :
2 x(1 + sin x)
1 + cos 2 x
93)
x
0
94)
1 x2
1+ x2
Ans :
dx
1
5
log
3+ 5
2
-
log 2
2
92)
19
2
88)
Ans :
Ans :
4 2
cos(x 3)cos(x 6)
Ans : 2log 3 + log 2
95)
(sin
x
1
4
1+ x
0
97)
1+
1
2
tan x
1 x
dx
1+ x
99)
A ns : 0
2 tan
Ans : 4
dx
tan x
98)
x + x 295
16
96)
93
x dx
dx
Ans : 4
Ans :
1
2
Ans : 1- log2
100)
1+
dx
tan x
Ans :
12
*******
30
APPLICATION OF INTEGRALS
1)
Find the area bounded by the curve y = 2 cosx and the x-axis from x = 0 to x = x = 2
Ans: 8 sq.units.
2)
8
and the ordinates x = 2 and
x2
x = 4 If the ordinate at x = a divides the area into two equal parts find a
Find the area bounded by the x-axis part of the curve y = 1 +
Ans: Note 2<a<4 a = 2 2
a3
sq.units.
3
3)
Find the area included between the parabolas y2=4ax and x2=4ay Ans: 16
4)
Find the area of the segment cut off from the parabola y2=2x by the line y=4x-1
Ans:
9
sq.units
32
5)
64
2 16
+
Show that the area enclosed by the circle x2+y2 = 64a2 and the parabola y2= 12ax is a
3
3
6)
Sketch the region bounded by the curves y = 5 x 2 and y = x - 1 and find its area.
Ans:
7)
Find the area of the region bounded by the curve C. y = tanx the tangent drawn to C at
1
1
Ans: log 2
2
2
x = 4 and the x-axis.
8)
Find the area of the region lying above x-axis and included between the curves
2
2
Ans: a
4 3
x2+y2 = 2ax and y2 = ax
9)
5 1 2
1 1
+ Sin 1
Sin
2
5
5 2
Sketch the region bounded by the curves y = x2 and y =
2
2 and find its area.
1+ x
Ans:
10)
Find the area of the smaller region bounded by the curve
x y
+ =1
4 3
11)
2
3
x2 y2
+
= 1 and the straight line
16
9
Ans:
sq.units.
3
Using integration find the area of the triangle ABC where A is (2,3) B(4,7) and C(6,2)
Ans: 4 sq.units.
12)
Using integration find the area of the triangle ABC whose vertices are A(3,0), B(4,6) and C(6,2)
Ans: 8 sq.units.
13)
Find the area included between the curves (x-1)2+y2 = 1 and x2+y2 = 1
2
3
Ans: 3 2 sq.units.
31
14)
Sketch the region common to the circle x2+y2 = 25 and the parabola y2 = 8x also find the area of
the region using integration.
2
Ans : 3
( 41 4 )
25
25 1 41 4
sin
4
2
5
15)
Find the area of the circle x2 + y2 = a2
Ans: a2 sq.units.
16)
Sketch the region of the ellipse and find its area using integration.
x2 y 2
+
=1
a 2 b2
a>b
Ans: ab sq.units.
17)
2
Find the area of the region given by : (x, y) : x y x
18)
Find the area of the region
{(x, y) : y
4 x, 4x 2 + 4 y 2 = 9
1
Ans : sq.units
3
2 9 9 1 1
Ans :
+
sin
8
4
3 sq.units.
6
19)
Find the area of the region bounded by the circle x2+y2 = 16 and the line y = x in the first
quadrant.
Ans: 2 sq.units.
20)
Find the area of the smaller region bounded by the ellipse

x y
+ =1
a b
21)
x2 y2
+
= 1 and the straight line
a 2 b2
Ans:
ab
( 2) sq.units.
4
Find the area bounded by the curve y = sinx, x=axis and between x = 0 , x =
Ans: 2 sq.units.
4
x 1dx
22)
Sketch the graph of y = |x-1| and evaluate
23)
2
Find the area of the region enclosed between the circles x2+y2 = 1 and x + y = 1
2
Ans: 9 sq.units.
2
2 3 + 15
1
2 sin1 + sq.units.
Ans:
16
4
24)
Draw the rough sketch of y = sin2x and determine the area enclosed by the lines x = 4 and x =
Ans: 1 sq.units.
25)
Compute the area bounded by the lines x+2y = 2, y-x = 1 and 2x+y = 7.
Ans: 6 sq.units.
*****
32
3
4
HOTS : DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

1)
( )
2
Write the order and degree of the differential equation. 1 + y|
= y||
(Ans: 2,2)
2)
Form the differential equation of the family of curves represented by the equation
(x + a )2 2 y 2 = a 2
3)
(Ans: x 2 + 2y 2 4 xyy| = 0 )
d2 y
Write the order and degree of the diff. equation 2
dx
dy
= y +
dx
1
2
(Ans: 2,4)
4)
Form the differential equation of circles represented by

3
(x )2 + (y )2
2
dy 2
2 d y
Ans: 1 + = r 2
dx
dx
2
= r by eliminatin g and
5)
d2 y dy 2
dy
x
Show that Ax +By = 1 is a solution of the diff. equation. y dx 2 + dx = y dx
6)
Solve (x + y + 1)
dy
=1
dx
7)
2
Solve : (x + y )
dy
= a2
dx
8)
Solve : x
9)
2
Solve : ydx - (x + 2y )dy = 0
10)
2
2
2
Solve : x x + y y dx + xydy = 0
11)
Solve :
12)
3 3
Solve : (x y + xy)
13)
Solve : x 3 3xy 2 dx = y 3 3x 2 y dx
14)
Solve : 1 y 2 dx = sin1 y x dy
15)
Solve the differential equation :
[Ans : x = ce y y 2]
-1 x + y
Ans : (x + y) - atan a = x + c
dy
= y(log y log x + 1)
dx
[Ans : y = xe cx ]
x
Ans : = 2 y + c
y
2
2
Ans : x + y + log x = Cx
5
3
1
1
1
1
dy
= cos3 x sin4 x + x 2x + 1 Ans : y = sin5 x sin7 x + (2 x + 1) 2 (2x + 1) 2 + c

5
7
10
6
dx
3
5
3
2
y 2 1
2 y 2
2e y + c
Ans : e x = y e
dy
=1
dx
(x 2 y + y 2 x)dy = ( x 3 + y 3 )dx
[Ans : x
y 2 = C( x 2 + y 2 )2
[Ans : x = (sin y 1)+ Ce ]

-1
Ans : - x = log(x y) + c
33
sin1y
dy y 2 + y + 1
=
=0
dx x 2 + x + 1
[Ans :(x + y + 1) = C(1- x - y - 2xy)]
16)
Solve :
17)
Solve : x 3 3xy 2 dx = y 3 3x 2 y dy
18)
Solve :
19)
xdx + ydy
=
Solve :
xdy ydx
[Ans : x
y 2 = c(x 2 + y 2 )2
[Ans : y
dy x 2 + y 2 + 1
, where y(1) = 1
=
dx
2 xy
a2 x 2 y 2
x2 + y2
= x2 + x 1
2
2
1 y
Ans : x + y = a sin c + tan x
(Hint : take x = r cos , y = rsin, so that x 2 + y 2 = r 2 ]

20)
When the interest is compounded continuously, the amount of money invested increases at a
rate proportional to its size. If Rs.1000 is invested at 10% compounded continuously, in how many
years will the original investment double itself?
[ Ans : 10 log 2e years]

21)
A population grows at the rate of 8% per year. How long does it take for the population to double?
25
Ans : 2 log 2 years

22)
A wet porous substance in the open air losses its moisture at a rate proportional to the moisture
content. If a sheet hung in the wind loses half of its moisture during the first hour, when will it
have lost 95% moisture, weather conditions remaining the same.
log 20
Ans :
log 2
23)
The surface area of a balloon being inflated, changes at a rate proportional to time t. If initially
its radius is 1 unit and after 3 seconds it is 2 units, find the radius after time t.
t2
Ans : r = 1 +
3
24)
A curve passing through the point (1,1) has the property that the perpendicular distance of the
origin from the normal at any point P of the curve is equal to the distance of p from the x-axis.
Determine the equation of the curve.
[Ans : x
25)
+ y 2 = 2x
Newtons law of cooling states that the rate of change of the temperature T of an object is
proportional to the difference between T and the (constant) temperature t of the surrounding
medium. We can write it as
dT
= k(T t), k > 0 constant.
dt
A cup of coffee is served at 185oF in a room where the temperature is 65oF. Two minutes later the
temperature of the coffee has dropped to 155oF. (log 3/4=0.144, log3 = 1.09872). Find the time
required for coffee to have 105oF temperature.
(Ans: 7.63 min.]
******
34
HOTS : VECTORS
1)
Find the unit vector perpendicular to both the vectors

a = 4 i j 3k and b = 2 i + 2 j - k
2)
Ans :
1
i + 2 j + 2k
3
If = 3 i j and = 2 i + j - 3 k . Express as a sum of two vectors 1 & 2 , where 1 is parallel

to and 2 is perpendicular to .
3)
If a + b + c = 0, show that a x b = b x c = c x a
4)
Prove the triangle inequality a x + b a + b
5)
Prove Cauchy - Schawarz inequality : a.b
6)
If a and b are vectors, prove that a x b + a.b
7)
Prove that angle in a semi-circle is a right angle.
8)
are unit vectors inclined at an angle , then prove that

If a and b
( )
a) cos
+b
= a
2 2
b) tan
a .b
( )
= a .b
b
a
=
2 a
+b
ax b + b x c + c xa
9)
Show that the perpendicular of the point c from the line joining a & b is
(Hint : use area of triangle =
ba
1
bh )
2
10)
Show that the area of the parallelogram having diagonals 3 i + j 2k and i - 3 j + 4 k is 5 3
11)
Vectors 2 i j + 2k and i + j - 3 k act along two adjacent sides of a parallelogram. Find the angle
between the diagonals of the parallelogram.
12)
L and M are the mid-points of sides BC & DC of a paralellogram ABCD. Prove that
AL + AM =
13)
3
AC
2
Let a, b & c
be three vectors such that a = 3, b = 4, c = 5 and each one of them being
perpendicular to sum of the other two, find a + b + c

14)
Prove that the area of a paralellogram with diagonals a and b is
15)
If
[Ans : 5 2 ]
1
axb
2
1 1 1
, , are the p th, qth and r th terms of an AP and
a b c
u = (q r )i + (r p) j + (p q)k & v =
1
1
1
i + j + k then prove that u & v are orthogonal vectors.
a
b
c
35
a
b
c
=
=
sin A sin B sin C
16)
In a triangle ABC, prove that
17)
Using vector method prove that :

a) sin(A+B) = sinAcosB + cosAsinB
b) sin(A-B) = sinAcosB cosAsinB
c) cos(A+B) = cosAcosB sinAsinB
d) cos(A-B) = cosAcosB + sinAsinB
18)
1 1
Using vector method, show that the angle between two diagonals of a cube is cos
3
19)
Prove that the altitudes of a triangle are concurrent.
20)
Prove that the perpendicular bisectors of a triangle are concurrent.
21)
Using vector method, prove that if the diagonals of a parallelogram are equal in length, then it is
a rectangle.
22)
Using vector method, prove that if two medians of a triangle are equal, then it is an isosceles.
23)
Using vector method, show that the diagonals of a Rhombus bisect each other at right angles.
24)
Prove by vector method, that the parallelogram on the same base and between the same parallels
are equal in area.
25)
If a, b & c are the lengths of the sides opposite respectively to the angles A, B & C of a ABC ,
using vector method show that
a) cos A =
26)
b) a = b cos C + C cos B
If D, E & F are the mid-points of the sides of a triangle ABC, prove by vector method that area of
DEF =
27)
b 2 + c2 a 2
2bc
1
(area of ABC)
4
If a, b & C are the lengths of the sides of a triangle, using vector method, show that its area is
s(s a)(s b)(s c)
*****
36
HOTS : 3D GEOMETRY
) (
1)
Show that the line r = 2 i 2 j + 3k + i j + 4 k is parallel to the plane r. i + 5 j + k = 5
2)
Find the equation of the plane passing through the point (1,4,-2) and parallel to the plane
2x+y3z=7
[Ans:2xy+3z+8=0]
3)
What are the conditions that the planes a1x+b1y+c1z = d1 & a2x+b2y+c2z = d2 are
(i) parallel (ii) perpendicular to each other?
a1 b1 c1
Ans: (i) a = b = c
2
2
2
4)
Find the value of k for which the two lines
(ii) a1a 2 + b1b 2 + c1c2 = 0
x 1 y + 1 z 1
x-3 y k
=
=
and
=
=z
2
3
4
1
2
Ans : k = 2
intersect at a point?
5)
Find the equation of the plane passing through the point (1,6,3) and perpendicular to the
plane 2x+3yz = 7
(Ans: 3x+y+9z = 36)
6)
Find the value of k for which the lines

co-planar.
x2 y3 z4
x 1 y 4 z 5
and
=
=
=
=
are
1
1
k
k
2
1
[Ans: k = 0, 3}
7)
Find the equation of the plane passing through the point (1,1,1) and perpendicular to each of the
plane x+2y+3z = 7 and 2x3y+4z = 0
[Ans: 17x+2y7z12 = 0]
8)
Show that the lines

intersection.
x 1 y 2 z 3
x -4 y 1
=
=
and
=
= 2 intersect. Also find the point of
2
3
4
5
2
[Ans: (1,1,1]
9)
Find the image of the point (1,2,3) in the plane x+2y+4z = 38.
10)
Find the equation of the plane passing through the points (1,1,2) and (2,2,2) and perpendicular
to the plane 6x2y+2z = 9.
[Ans: x+y2z+4 = 0]
11)
Find the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point A(1,0,3) to the join of the points B(4,7,1)
5 7 17
Ans : 3 , 3 , 3
and C(3,5,3)
12)
[Ans: (3,6,11)]
Find the length and co-ordinates of the foot of perpendicular from point (1,1,2) to the plane
2x2y+4z+5 = 0
13 6 1 25 1
, - , ,
Ans :
12 12 12 6
13)
Find the equation of the plane through the points (1,1,1) and (1,1,1) perpendicular to the
plane x+2y+2z = 5
(Ans: 2x+2y3z+3 = 0)
14)
Find the perpendicular distance of point (2,3,4) from the line
4 x y 1 z
= =
2
6
3
Ans : 49 44541
15)
The foot of the perpendicular drawn from the origin to the plane is (2,5,7). FInd the equation
of the plane.
[Ans: 2x+5y+7z = 78]
37
16)
Find the values of P so that the lines
1 x 7 y 14 z 3
7 - 7x y 5 6 z
=
=
and
=
=
are at
3
2p
2
3p
1
5
70
Ans : 11
right angles.
17)
Find the shortest distance between two lines whose vector equations are
8
Ans :
29
r
r
r = (1 t)i + (t 2) j + (3 2t)k and r = (s + 1) i + (2s - 1) j - (2s + 1) k
18)
Find the vector equation of the plane through the intersection of the planes
r.(2 j + 6 j) + 12 = 0 & r .(3 i - j + 4k) = 0 which are at a unit distance from the origin.
[Ans : r.( i + 2 j 2k )+ 3 = 0]
19)
Find the equation of the line passing through the point (3,0,1) and parallel to the planes
[Ans : r = (3i + k) + (2i + j + 3k)]
x+2y = 0 and 3y z = 0
20)
73 6 39
,
Find the reflection of the point (1,2,1) in the plane 3x5y+4z = 5 Ans : ,
25 5 25
21)
Find the distance of the point (1,2,3) from the plane xy+z = 5 measured parallel to the
line
22)
x +1 y + 3 z +1
=
=
2
2
6
[Ans: 1]
Find the distance of the point (2,3,4) from the line
x+3 y2 z
=
= measured parallel to the
3
6
2
plane 3x+2y+2z+5 = 0
23)
A line makes angles ,, and with the four diagonals of a cube. Prove that
cos2 + cos2 + cos2 + cos2 =
24)
4
3
A variable plane which remains at a constant distance 3p from the origin cuts the co-ordinate
axes at A, B & C. Show that the locus of the centroid of the ABC is
25)
1
x
1
y
1
z
1
p2
A variable plane is at constant distance p from the origin and meet the axes in A, B & C. Show
that the locus of the centroid of the tetrahedron ABC is
*****
38
1
1
1 16
+ 2 + 2 = 2
2
x
y
z
p
LINEAR PROGRAMMING
4 Marks/6 marks
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
A toy company manufactures two types of doll; a basic version-doll A and a deluxe version doll B.
Each doll of type B takes twice as long as to produce as one of type A, and the company would
have time to make a maximum of 2000 per day if it produces only the basic version. The supply
of plastic is sufficient to produce 1500 dolls per day (both A and B combined). The deluxe version
requires a fancy dress of which there are only 600 per day available. If company makes profit of
Rs.3 and Rs.5 per doll, respectively, on doll A and B; how many each should be produced per day in
order to maximize profit.
Ans: Type A = 1000, Type B = 500, Max. profit = Rs.5500
A dietician has to develop a special diet using two foods P and Q. Each packet (containing 30 g)
of food P contains 12 units of calcium, 4 units of iron, 6 units of cholesterol and 6 units of vitamin
A, while each packet of the same quality of food Q contains 3 units of calcium, 20 units of
vitamin A. The diet requires atleast 240 units of calcium, atleast 460 units of iron and almost 300
units of cholesterol. How many packets of each food should be used to maximize the amount of
vitamin A in the diet? What is the maximum amount of vitamin A?
Ans: 40 packets of food P and 15 packets of food Q Maximum at (40,15) = 285
An oil company has tow depots A and B with capacities of 7000L and 4000L respectively. The
company is to supply oil to three petrol pumps D, E and F whose requirements are 4500L, 3000L
and 3500L respectively. The distances (in km) between the depots and the petrol pumps is given
in the following table:
Distance in km
From/To
A
B
D
7
3
E
6
4
F
3
2
Assuming that the transportation cost of 10 litres of oil is Rs.1 per km, how should the delivery
be scheduled in order that the transportation cost is minimum.
Ans: From A : 500, 3000 and 3500 litres, From B : 4000, 0, 0 litres to D, E and F respectively.
Minimum cost = Rs.4400
A firm makes two types of furniture : chairs and tables. The contribution to profit for each
product as calculated by the accounting department is Rs.20 per chair and Rs.30 per table. Both
products are to be processed on three machines M1, M2 and M3. The time required in hours by
each product and total time available in hours per week on each machine are as follows:
Machine
Chair
Table
Available Time
3
3
36
M1
M2
5
2
50
M3
2
6
60
How should the manufacturer schedule his production in October to maximize profit.
Ans: 3 chairs and 9 tables.
A farmer has a supply of chemical fertilizer of type I which contains 10% nitrogen and 6% phosphoric
acid and type II fertilizer which contains 5% nitrogen and 10% phosphoric acid. After testing the
soil conditions of a field, it is found that atleast 14 kg of nitrogen and 14 kg of phosphoric acid is
required for a good crop. The fertilizer type I costs Rs.2.00 per kg and type II costs Rs.3.00 per
kg. How many kilograms of each fertilizer should be used to meet the requirement and the cost
be minimum.
Ans: Minimum at (100,80) and is equal to Rs.440.
If a young man rides his motorcycle at 25 km/hr, he had to spend Rs.2 per km on petrol. If he
rides at a faster speed of 40 km/hr, the petrol cost increases at Rs.5 per km. He has Rs.100 to
spend on petrol and wishes to find what is the maximum distance he can travel within one hour.
Express this as LPP and solve it graphically.
50 40
Ans: Maximum at , and is equal to 30 km.
3 3
39
7)
Solve the following LPP graphically. Maximize or minimize Z = 3x+5y subject to
3x 4 y - 12
2x - y + 2 0
2x + 3y - 12 0
0x4
y2
Ans: Min. value 19 at (3,2) and Max. value 42 at (4,6)
8)
Solve the following LPP graphically. Minimize Z = 3x+5y subject to
2 x + y 4
x+y3
x - 2y 2
x, y 0
Ans : Minimum value is
9)
29 8 1
at ,
3
3 3
Determine graphically the minimum value of the objective function.
Z = - 50x + 20y
Subject to constraints
2x - y -5
3x + y 3
2x - 3y 12
x 0, y 0
10)
Find the maximum and minimum values of 5x+2y subject to constraints
2 x 3y - 6
x - 2y 2
6x + 4y 24
- 3x + 2y 3
x 0 and y 0
7 3
Ans : Max. value is 19 at , and
2 4
3 24
Min. value is 4.85 at ,
13 13
*****
40
HOTS : HIGH ORDER THINKING QUESTIONS - MATHEMATICS

PROBABILITY
1)
2)
Urn A contain 1 white, 2 black, 3 red balls. Urn B contain 2 white, 1 black, 1 red balls. Urn C
contains 4 white, 5 black, 3 red balls. Two balls are drawn from one of the Urn and found to be one
white and one red. Find the probabilities that they come from Urns A, B or C.
16/39
A die is thrown 120 times and getting 1 or 5 is considered success. Find the mean, variance of
= 40, 2 = 26.7
number of successes.
3)
Given P(A) = 0.3, P(B) = 0.2, Find P(B/A) if A and B are mutually exclusive events.
4)
The parameters n and p are 12 and 13 for a binomial distribution. Find standard deviation.
(1.63)
A man fires 4 bullets on a thief. The probability that the thief will be killed by one bullet is 0.6.
Find the probability that the thief is still alive.
(0.4)4
5)
6)
7)
8)
In a hurdle race a player has to cross 10 hurdles. The probability that will clear each hurdle is 5 6 ,
what is the probability that he will knock down fewer than 2 hurdles.
(0.4845
If on an average 1 ship in every 10 sinks, find the chance that out of 5 ships atleast 4 will arrive
safely.
(0.9185)
4 persons are chosen at random from a group of 3 men, 2 women, 3 children. Find the probability
3
that out of 4 choice, exactly 2 are children.

9)
10)
(0)
Suppose X has a binomial distribution B (6, 12 ) show that X = 3 is the most likely outcome.
In a binomial distribution, the sum of mean and variance is 42. Product is 360. FInd the distribution.
2 3
+
5 5
11)
50
Given that the two numbers appearing on two dice are different. Find the probability of the
1
15
event the sum of numbers on the dice is 4.
1
7
1
, P(B) =
P(not A or not B) = state whether A and B are independent.
2
12
4
12)
P( A) =
13)
Three cards are drawn with replacement from a well shuffled pack of cards. Find the probability
(No)
that cards are a king, queen and a jack.
6
2197
14)
Find the probability of throwing almost 2 sixes in 6 throws of a single dice.
35 5

18 6
15)
Find the probability that sum of the numbers showing on the two dice is 8, given that atleast one
dice doesnt show five.
3

25
16)
The mean and variance of a binomial distribution are 4 and 4 3 . Find P(X 1)
728
729
17)
6 boys and 6 girls sit in a row at random. Find the probability that 1) The six girls sit together
1 1
132 462
2) The boys and girls sit alternatively.

18)
If A, B, C are events associated with random expt. Prove that

PtP(A B C ) = P(A) + P(B) + P(c) P(A B) P(A C) P(B C) + P(A B C)
41
19)
Shreya visits the cities A, B, C and D at random. What is the probability that he visits
1 5
,
2 24
1) A before B 2) A just before B.

20)
What are the odds in favour of getting a 3 in a throw of die? What are the odds against
1 5
,
5 1
getting 3?
21)
A pack of 52 cards were distributed equally among 4 players. Find the chance that 4 kings are
11
4165
held by particular player.
22)
23)
5
A fair die is rolled. The probability that the first 1 occurs at the even number of trails is
11
If a 4 digit number > 5000 are randomly formed from digits 0,1,3,5,7. Find probability of forming
a number divisible by 5 when (1) digits are repeated 2) digits are not repeated.
2 3

5 8
24)
A letter is chosen at random from the word ASSASSINATION. Find the probability that the letter
6

13
is a vowel.
25)
5
A fair die is rolled. The probability that the first 1 occurs at even number of trails is
11
26)
If three distinct numbers are chosen at randomly from first 100 natural nos. then the probability
1155
that all of them are divisible by 2 or 3 is

27)
A coin is tossed 7 times. FInd the probability distribution of getting r heads.

7
7 c r 1 , r = 0,1,2..... ..7
28)
A company produces 10% defective items. Find the probability of getting 2 defective items in a
28 x96
10 8
sample of 8 items is
29)
Obtain the probability distribution of number of sixes in two tosses of a dice. Also find mean/
(25 36 ,10 36 , 136 , 13 , 5 18 )
variance.
30)
A,B,C tosses a coin in turns. The first one to throw a head wins game. What are their respective
(4 7 ,2 7 , 17 )
chances of winning.
31)
A man is known to speak truth 3 times out of 4. He throws a dice and reports that it is a six. Find
(3 4 )
the probability that it is actually a six.

32)
Suppose that a fair dice are tossed and let X represents The sum of points. FInd the mean/
(7,
variance of X.
33)
Find the probability that sum of nos. appearing and showing on two dice is 8, given that atleast
(19 )
one of the dice doesnt show 5.

34)
2.41
A tells lie is 30% cases, and B in 35% cases find the probability that both state same fact.
42
35)
Two cards are drawn without replacement from a pack. Find the probability distribution of number
105 96 20
221, 221, 221
of face cards.
36)
37)
38)
P(X) = 0
1
2
A man takes a step forward with probability 0.4 and backwards with a probability 0.6. Find the
probability that after 11 steps he is just one step away from the starting point.
(462) x (0.24)5
Find the probability distribution of the sum of the numbers obtained when two dice are thrown
once.
(All 11 prob. distributions to be shown)
Two cards are drawn from a pack. Find the probability that number of aces are drawn. (Write
probability distribution table)
1 5
,
3 18
39)
Find the mean and variance of number of sines in two tosses of a die.
40)
6 coins are tossed simultaneously. Find the probability of getting 1) no heads 2) 3 heads
1 5
,
64 16
( )
41)
If 2p(A) = P(B) = 5 13 and P A B = 2 5 Find P(A B)
42)
If E and F are events such that P(F) = 14 P(F) = 12 and P(E P) = 18 find P( E F )
43)
P(A speaks truth is) = 4 5 . A coin is tossed. A reports that a head appears. The probability that
actually there was a head is.
Two cards are drawn from a pack and kept out. Then one card is drawn from remaining 50 cards.
44)
1

13
Find the prob. that it is an ace.

45)
Two dice are thrown. Find the probability that the number appeared have a sum 8 if it is known
1

6
that second dice always exhibits 4.

46)
If the second die always shows an odd no. find the conditional probability of getting a sum as 7,
1

6
if a pair of dice is to be known.

47)
48)
P(A) = 12 , P(B) = 7 12 and P(not A or not B) = 14 . State whether A and B independent or not. (NO)
A die is thrown again and again untill three sixes are obtained. Find the probability of obtaining
625
23328
Six dice are thrown 729 times. How many times do you expect atleast three dice to show 5 or 6.
(233)
A random variable X has probability distribution P(X) of the following form where K is some
number.
third six in sixth throw of dice.

49)
50)
x=0
k if
2k if
x =1
P(X) =
3
k
if
x
=2
0
otherwise
Find (1) K
1 1

6 2
(2) P (X > 2)
*****
43
Mathematics - Sample Question Papers and Answers
MATHEMATICS
SET I
Write the principal value of cos1 cos
3.
T
5 3x 5 4
Find x, if 2 y z = 12 6 .
4.
2a 1
For what value of a, 8 3 is a singular ma
5.
trix?
A square matrix A, of order 3, has | A | = 5,
find |A . adj A |.
7.
Write the value of sin 5 xdx .
8.
9.
r
If ar = 2 $i $j + 3k$ and b = 6$i + $j + 9 k$ and
r r
a b , find the value of l.
10. Find the distance of the point (a, b, c) from x - axis.

Section B
11. Let N be the set of all natural numbers and R be the
relation in N N defined by (a, b) R (c, d) if
ad = bc. Show that R is an equivalence relation.
1
1
1
12. Prove that tan1 + tan = cos .
4
9
2
5
OR
Solve for x: sin1 (1 x) 2 sin1 x =
.
2
13. Using properties of determinants, prove that:

a 2 +1
ab
ab
b +1
bc
cb
c +1
ac
ca
= (1 + a2 + b2 + c2).
14. For what values of a and b, the function f defined
5
.
3
2.
Evaluate 5x dx .
B 3$i $j .
Time: 3 hrs.
Max. Marks: 100
1. All questions are compulsory.
2. The question paper consist of 29 questions divided into three sections A, B and C. Section A
comprises of 10 questions of one mark each, section B comprises of 12 questions of four marks
each and section C comprises of 07 questions of
six marks each.
3. All questions in Section A are to be answered in
one word, one sentence or as per the exact requirement of the question.
4. There is no overall choice. However, internal
choice has been provided in 04 questions of four
marks each and 02 questions of six marks each.
You have to attempt only one of the alternatives
in all such questions.
5. Use of calculators is not permitted. You may ask
for logarithmic tables, if required.
Section A
1. Give an example to show that the relation R in the
set of natural numbers, defined by
R = {(x, y), x, y N, x y2} is not transitive.
6.
segment joining the points A 5$i + 3$j and
3ax + b, if x < 1
if x = 1
as: f (x) = 11,
5ax 2 b, if x > 1
is continuous at x = 1.
15. If xy + yx = ab, find
dy
.
dx
OR
If x = a (cos t + t sint) and y = b (sin t t cost), find
d2y
dx 2
16. Find the intervals in which the following function

is strictly increasing or strictly decreasing
f(x) = 20 9x + 6x2 x3.
OR
For the curve y = 4x3 2x5, find all points at which
the tangent passes through origin.
2
2
Find the position vector of the midpoint of the line

integration, find the area of the enclosed region.
17. Evaluate: sin x + cos x dx .
sin x . cos x
OR
1
2
Evaluate sin x 1 x x 1 x dx,
0
18. Form the differential equation of the family of circles

having radii 3.
19. Solve the following differential equation:
0 x 1
27. Find the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular and the perpendicular distance of the point
(1, 3, 4) from the plane 2x y + z + 3 = 0. Find also,
the image of the point in the plane.
28. An aeroplane can carry a maximum of 200 passengers. A profit of Rs. 1000 is made on each executive class ticket and a profit of Rs. 600 is made on
each economy class ticket. The airline reserves at
least 20 seats for the executive class. However, at
least 4 times as many passengers prefer to travel by
economy class, than by the executive class. Determine how many tickets of each type must be sold,
in order to maximise profit for the airline. What is
the maximum profit? Make an L. P. P. and solve it
graphically.
29. A fair die is rolled. If 1 turns up, a ball is picked up
at random from bag A, if 2 or 3 turns up, a ball is
picked up at random from bag B, otherwise a ball is
picked up from bag C. Bag A contains 3 red and 2
white balls, bag B contains 3 red and 4 white balls
and bag C contains 4 red and 5 white balls. The die
is rolled, a bag is picked up and a ball is drawn from
it. If the ball drawn is red, what is the probability
that bag B was picked up?
dy
= 0.
dx
20. If the sum of two unit vectors is a unit vector, show

that the magnitude of their difference is 3 .
21. Find whether the lines rr = $i $j k$ + 2 $i + $j
) (
OR
x2 +1
Evaluate: e
2 dx
(x + 1)
x
1 + x 2 + y 2 + x 2 y 2 + xy
2
26. Evaluate x + x + 2 dx as a limit of sums.
and rr = 2 $i $j + $i + $j k$ intersect or not. If

intersecting, find their point of intersection.
22. Three balls are drawn one by one without replacement from a bag containing 5 white and 4 green
balls. Find the probability distribution of number
of green balls drawn.
Section C
1 3
2
23. If A = 4 1 0 , find A1 and hence solve the

7 2 1
following system of equations:

2x + y + 3z = 3
4x y = 3
7x + 2y + z = 2
OR
Using elementary transformations, find the inverse
SET II
Time 3 hrs.
Max. marks: 100
General Instructions same as set I.
Section A
1. Write the number of all one-one functions from the
set A = {a, b, c} to itself.
1 1 2
of the matrix: 0 2 3
3 2 4
24. If the length of three sides of a trapezium, other than

the base are equal to 10 cm each, then find the area
of trapezium when it is maximum.
25. Draw a rough sketch of the region enclosed between
the circles x2 + y2 = 4 and (x 2)2 + y2 = 1. Using
.
2
2.
Find x if tan1 4 + cot1 x =
3.
What is the value of | 3 I3 |, where I3 is the identity

matrix of order 3?
4.
5.
15. Verify Rolles Theorem for the function f, given
2 k 3
For what value of k, the matrix 5 1 is not
f(x) = ex (sin x cos x) on , .

4 4
16. Using differentials, find the approximate value of
invertible?
If A is a matrix of order 2 3 and B is a matrix of
order 3 5, what is the order of matrix (AB)or
(AB)T?
25 . 2 .
OR
Two equal sides of an isosceles triangle with fixed
base a are decreasing at the rate of 9 cm/second.
How fast is the area of the triangle decreasing when
the two sides are equal to a.
dx
6.
Write a value of 4 x 2 .
7.
Find f(x) satisfying the following:

x
2
x
e (sec x + tan x) dx = e f (x) + C.
8.
In a triangle ABC, the sides AB and BC are repre-
9.
sented by vectors 2 $i $j + 2 k$ , $i + 3$j + 5k$ respectively. Find the vector representing CA.
Find the value of l for which the vector
1
2
17. Evaluate x cos ( x) dx .

1
r
r
a = 3$i + $j 2 k$ and b = $i + $j 3k$ are perpen-
ye
dicular to each other.

10. Find the value of l such that the line
Section B
11. Show that the function f: R R defined by
f (x) = 2x3 7, for x R is bijective.
OR
Let f, g: R R be defined as f (x) = | x | and
g (x) = [x] where [x] denotes the greatest integer
21. Show that the four points (0, 1, 1), (4, 5, 1),
(3, 9, 4) and ( 4, 4, 4) are coplanar. Also, find the
equation of the plane containing them.
22. A coin is biased so that the head is 3 times as likely
to occur as tail. If the coin is tossed three times,
find the probability distribution of number of tails.
OR
How many times must a man toss a fair coin, so
that the probability of having at least one head is
more than 80%.
Section C
23. Using properties of determinants, show that
gof 2 .
12. Prove that tan1 1 + tan1 2 + tan1 3 = p.
5
2
2 , show that A 5A 14I = 0.
Hence find A1.

14. Show that f(x) = | x 3 |, V x R, is continuous but
not differentiable at x = 3.
OR
x y
(b + c )2
= a, then prove that dy = y .

x +y
dx
x
If tan
+ y dy
( )
r
r r r r
r
a . b = a . c = 0 and angle between b and c is ,
6
r r
r
prove that a = 2 b c .
less than or equal to x. Find fog and

2
r r
20. If a, b and cr are three unit vectors such that
3x y 2z = 7.
13. If A = 4
dx = xe

(1 + y + x2y) dx + (x + x3) dy = 0, where y = 0 when
x=1
x 2 y 1 z + 3
=
= 6 is perpendicular to the plane
9
D=
ab
ca
ab
(a + b)
ac
bc
bc
(a + b)
= 2abc (a + b + c)3
SET III
24. The sum of the perimeter of a circle and a square is

k, where k is some constant. Prove that the sum of
their areas is least when the side of square is double
the radius of the circle.
Time: 3 hrs.
Max. Marks: 100
General instructions same as set I.
Section A
OR
A helicopter is flying along the curve y = x2 + 2.
A soldier is placed at the point (3, 2). Find the nearest distance between the soldier and the helicopter.
1.
Write the range of the principal branch of

sec1 (x) defined on the domain R ( 1, 1).
3.
Find x if 5 2 = 5 3 .
4.
If A is a square matrix of order 3 such that

| adj A | = 64. Find | A| .
If A is a square matrix satisfying A2 = 1, then what
is the inverse of A?
OR
Evaluate:
1 x
dx
1+ x
5.
26. Using integration, find the area of the region

(x, y ): x 1 y 5 x 2
x+3
y 1
27. Show that the lines 3 = 1
dy
dx
If f(x) = sin xo, find
7.
What is the degree of the following differential equation?

d 2 y dy 2
y 2 + = x
dx
dx
8.
equation of the plane.

28. From a pack of 52 cards, a card is lost. From the
remaining 51 cards, two cards are drawn at random
(without replacement) and are found to be both diamonds. What is the probability that the lost card
was a card of heart?
2x
6.
z5
and
5
x +1 y 2
z5
=
=
are coplanar. Also find the
1
2
5
3
.
2
2.
25. Evaluate: sin x (5 4 cos x) dx
1
Write the principal value of cos
9.
d 3y
3
dx
If ar and b represent the two adjacent sides of a

parallelogram, then write the area of parallelogram
r
in terms of ar and b .
r
Find the angle between two vectors ar and b if

r
r r
r
a = 3, b = 4 and a b = 6.
10. Find the direction cosines of a line, passing through

origin and lying in the first octant, making equal
angles with the three coordinate axes.
Section B
11. Show that the relation R in the set
A = {x: x Z, 0 x 12} given by
R = {(a, b): | a b | is divisible by 4} is an equivalence
relation. Find the set of all elements related to 1.
12. Solve for x:
29. A diet for a sick person must contain at least 4000

units of vitamins, 50 units of minerals and 1400
calories. Two foods X and Y are available at a cost
of Rs. 4 and Rs. 3 per unit respectively. One unit of
food X contains 200 units of vitamins, 1 unit of
minerals and 40 calories, whereas 1 unit of food Y
contains 100 units of vitamins, 2 units of minerals
and 40 calories. Find what combination of foods X
and Y should be used to have least cost, satisfying
the requirements. Make it an LPP and solve it graphically.
2 tan1 (sin x) = tan1 (2 sec x), 0 < x <
.
2

OR
1
2
Show that tan sin 1
20. The dot products of a vector with the vectors $i 3k$ ,

2x
1+ x
+ cos 1
1 y2
1 + y 2
$i 2 k$ and $i + $j + 4 k$ are 0, 5 and 8 respectively.
Find the vector.

21. Find the equation of plane passing through the point
(1, 2, 1) and perpendicular to the line joining the
points (1, 4, 2) and (2, 3, 5). Also, find the perpendicular distance of the plane from the origin.
OR
Find the equation of the perpendicular drawn from
x+y
= 1 xy , | x | < 1, y > 0, xy < 1.

13. If none of a, b and c is zero, using properties of
determinants prove that:
bc
b 2 + bc c 2 + bc
a 2 + ac
ac
c 2 + ac
a + ab b + ab
2
14. If
ab
= (bc + ca + ab)3.
the point P (2,4,1) to the line
22. A biased die is twice as likely to show an even number as an odd number. The die is rolled three times.
If occurrence of an even number is considered a success, then write the probability distribution of number of successes. Also find the mean number of successes.
Section C
1 x 2 + 1 y 2 = a (x y), prove that
dy
=
dx
1 y2
1 x2
.
m
15. If y = x + x 1 , then show that
d2y
(x2 + 1)
dx
+x
dy
m2y = 0
dx
1 1 1
2 1 3
1 1 1
+ = 4; + = 0; + + = 2,
x y z
x y z
x y z
16. Find all the points of discontinuity of the function

f(x) = [x2] on [1, 2), where [ ] denotes the greatest
integer function.
OR
x 0, y 0, z 0.
24. Show that the volume of the greatest cylinder which
can be inscribed in a cone of height h and
Differentiate sin1 2 x 1 x w. r. t.
semivertical angle a, is
17. Evaluate: cos (x a ) cos (x b) dx

OR
Evaluate: x (log x)2 . dx
x
x 1
3
xdx
0 4 cos
tion (xdy ydx) y . sin = (ydx + xdy) x cos ,

x
x
given that y = p when x = 3.
27. Find the equation of the plane passing through the
point (1, 1, 1) and containing the line
dx
19. Using properties of definite integrals, evaluate
4
ph3 tan2 a.
27
OR
Show that the normal at any point q to the curve
x = a cosq + a q sinq and y = a sinq aq cosq is at a
constant distance from the origin.
25. Find the area of the region: {(x, y): 0 y x2,
0 y x + 2; 0 x 3}.
26. Find the particular solution of the differential equa-
1 x2
cos1
2
1+ x
18. Evaluate:
x+5 y+3 z6
=
=
.
9
1
4
r = 3$i + $j + 5k$ + 3$i $j + 5k$ . Also, show

r

and 2 white and 2 black balls respectively. From
bag A, two balls are drawn at random and then transferred to bag B. A ball is then drawn from bag B
and is found to be a black ball. What is the probability that the transferred balls were 1 white and
1 black?
OR
In an examination, 10 questions of true - false type
are asked. A student tosses a fair coin to determine
his answer to each question. If the coin falls heads,
he answers true and if it falls tails, he answers
false. Show that the probability that he answers at
that the plane contains the line
) (
r = $i + 2 $j + 5k$ + $i 2 $j 5k$ .
r
28. A company sells two different products A and B.

The two products are produced in a common production process which has a total capacity of 500
man hours. It takes 5 hours to produce a unit of A
and 3 hours to produce a unit of B. The demand in
the market shows that the maximum number of units
of A that can be sold is 70 and that of B is 125.
Profit on each unit of A is Rs. 20 and on B is Rs. 15.
How many units of A and B should be produced to
maximise the profit. Form an L. P. P. and solve it
graphically.
29. Two bags A and B contain 4 white and 3 black balls
most 7 questions correctly is
121
.
128
Answers
Let (a, b) R (c, d) and (c, d) R (e, f)
for a, b, c, d, e, f N
then ad = bc and cf = de
adcf = bcde or af = be (a, b) R (e, f)
\ R is transitive.
Since, R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive,
R is an equivalence relation.
SET I
1.
(8, 3) R, (3, 2) R but (8, 2) R.
2.
= cos 2 = cos
Q cos
3
3
3
3
3.
x=4
4.
a=
5.
125
6.
5x
+C
log 5
7.
Zero
8.
4 $i + $j
9.
l=3
10.
4 Q 2a 1 = 0 6a = 8, a = 4
3
3 8 3
1 + 2
4 9
17
1
12. L. H. S = tan 1 2 = tan1
34
1 .
4 9
(Q | A | | adj A | = | A |n)
1
= tan1 = 2 2 tan 2
2
(Q sinx is an odd function.)
1
= cos 1
2
b2 + c2
11. For any (a, b) N N, ab = ba

(a, b) R (a, b). Thus R is reflexive.
Let (a, b) R (c, d) for any a, b, c, d N
\ ad = bc
cb = da (c, d) R (a, b).
\ R is symmetric.
1 2
1
2 = 1 cos 1
2
1 2
1 +
2
1
3
cos 1 = RHS.
2
5
OR
sin1 (1 x) 2 sin1 x =
1 1
4
1
1 +
4

sin1 (1 x) =
+ 2 sin1 x
2
(1 x) = sin (
+ 2 sin1 x) = cos (2 sin1 x)

2
\ 3a + b = 11 ------ (i)
5a 2b = 11 ------ (ii)
Solving (i) and (ii) we get a = 3, b = 2
15. Put xy = u and yx = v
(1 x) = cos (2a) where sin1 x = a or x = sin a

(1 x) = 1 2 sin2 a = 1 2x2, \ 2x2 x = 0
x (2x 1) = 0
\ u + v = ab
log u = y log x
1
2
x = 0,
Since x =
1
does not satisfy the given equation
2
13. LHS =
1
abc
abc
abc
ab 2
b b2 +1
ac 2
bc 2
a2 +1
b2
c2
a2b
a2
a 2c
b2c
c c2 +1
b2 +1 b2
c2
c2 +1
b2
c
b2 +1
b2
c +1
dy
dy
+ xyx 1
+ yx log y = 0
dx
dx
y . x y 1 + y x .log y
dy
= y
x .log x + xy x 1
dx
OR
dx
= a ( sin t + t cost + sin t) = at cos t
dt
1+ a 2 + b2 + c2 1 + a 2 + b2 + c2 1 + a 2 + b2 + c2
x dy
1 dv
.
= y dx + log y
v dx
dv
dy
= xyx 1 .
+ yx . log y
dx
dx
(1) y . xy 1 + xy log x
a2
1 du
y
dy
= + log x .
u dx
x
dx
du
dy
= y . xy 1 + xy . log x .
dx
dx
log v = x log y
\ x = 0.
a a 2 +1
du dv
+
= 0 ----- (1)
dx dx
dy
= b (cost + t sint cos t) = bt sin t
dt
dy b
dt
d2y b
= . tan t
=
sec2 t .
2
dx a
dx
a
dx
R1 R1 + R2 + R3
1
2
b
= (1 + a2 + b2 + c2) 2
c
1
1
b2 +1 b2
c2
c2 + 1
1
2
= (1 + a2 + b2 + c2) b2
c
0 0
1 0
0 1
1
b sec3 t
b
2
=
sec
t
.
=
.
at cos t
a
dx 2
a2t
d2y
16. f(x) = 0 9 + 12x 3x2 = 0

( 3) (x 1) (x 3) = 0
x = 1, x = 3
\ The intervals are ( , 1), (1, 3), (3, ). (Since
f(x) to be strictly decreasing if f(x) < 0 and strictly
increasing if f(x) > 0)
Getting f (x) to be strictly decreasing in
(, 1) (3, ) and strictly increasing in (1, 3).
OR
Let (x1, y1) be a point on the given curve, the tan-
= (1 + a2 + b2 + c2) . 1 = (1 + a2 + b2 + c2)
lim
14. LHL = x 1 f (x) = 3a + b,

lim
RHL = x 1+ f (x) = 5a 2b, f (1) = 11

gent at which passes through origin.
\ Slope of tangent =
or (x a) = (y b)
y1
----- (i)
x1
1 + (y b)
Also, dy = 12x2 10x4

dx
y1
x = 12x12 10x14 or y1 = 12x13 10x15

1
4x13 2x15 = 12x15 = 12x13 10x15
Solving to get x1 = 0 or 1 x12 = 0 ie., x1 = 1
Hence the required points are (0, 0), (1, 2) and
( 1, 2).
17. Put (sin x cos x) = t we get (cos x + sin x) dx = dt
and sin2x + cos2x 2 sin x cos x = t2
dy 2
1 +
dx dy
.
From (ii), (x a) =
dx
d2y
2
dx
Putting in (i) we get
1
or sin x cos x = (1 t2)
2
dt
= 2 sin1 (sin x cos x) + C

OR
x
e .
x2 +1
(x + 1)
dx = e
= e x dx 2 e x .
[(x +1)
.
2x
(x + 1)
dy 2
1 +
2
dx
dy
+ 1 = 9
.
or
2
d y dx
2
dx
] dx
(x + 1 1) dx
(x + 1)2
dy 2
1 + = 9
dx
1
1 x
e dx
x + 1 (x + 1)2
d2y
2 .
dx
19. Given differential equation can be written as
= ex 2
=0
(1 + x 2 )(1 + y 2 ) + xy dy
dx
x
= ex 2 . e + C
x +1
[using e x (f ( x) + f ( x)) dx = ex f(x) + C].

18. The equation of the family of circles is
(x a)2 + (y b)2 = 9 ----- (i)
2 (x a) + 2 (y b)
dy 2
dy 2
1 +
1 +
2
dx dy
dx
+
.
d 2 y dx
d2y = 9
2
2
dx
dx
= 2 . sin1 t + C
1 t2
d 2 y dy 2
+ = 0
dx 2 dx
dy 2
1 +
dx
-------- (iii)
(y b) =
d2y
dx 2
slope of tangent = 12x12 10x14 ----- (ii)
\ Given integral = 2
dy
------ (ii)
dx
dy
=0
dx
1+ x2
x
y
1+ y2
dx +
y
1+ y2
dy =
dy = 0
1+ x2
x2
xdx
Putting 1 + y2 = u2 and 1 + x2 = v2 we get ydy = udu

and xdx = vdv

23. | A | = 2 ( 1) 1 (4) + 3 (1) = 3 0
v . vdv
v2 1 +1
u du
\
= 2
= 2
dv
v 1
u
v 1
dv
v 1
1
= 1 +
v 1
1
log v + 1 + C
2
or
\ A =
1+ x2 1
1
log
1+ y2 = 1+ x
2
2
+ C.
1+ x2 +1
r r
r r 2
r r
= a 2 + b 2 + 2a . b
r r
(r )
3 3 6
x
1 5

1
ie, y = 4 23 12 3 = 27
3 1 11 6 2 14
z
r r
Now a b = a 2 + b 2 2a . b = 1 + 1 ( 1) = 3
r r
ab =
\ x = 6, y = 27, z = 14
OR
r
21. Given lines are rr = (1 + 2 ) i + ( 1 + ) $j k$ and
1 1 2
Let A = 0 2 3 then
3 2 4
r = 2 + ri + 1 + rj kr
( ) (
)
r
If lines are intersecting, then for some value of l

and m,
1 + 2l = 2 +m, ---- (i)
1 + l = 1 + m ---- (ii)
1 = m ------ (iii)
Solving (ii) and (iii) we get l = 1, m = 1, which
satisfy (i) hence the lines are intersecting and point
of intersection is (3, 0, 1).
22. Let X denotes the random variable, number of green
balls,
X
0
1
2
3
5
P (X)
C3
C3
5
42
C 2 . 4 C1
9
C3
10
21
x
3

y
= 3 or A . X = B

z
2
\ X = A1 . B
2 a . b = 1 2 = 1 ------- (i)
r
3
1 5
4
23
12
1 11 6
1 3
2
1 0
7 2 1
= 2 + 2a . b
r r2
1
3
Given equations can be written as
r r
r r r
r
20. Let a, b and c be unit vector such that a + b = c
\ a+b = 1 1 = a+b
1
adj A.
A
The cofactors are

A11 = 1, A12 = 4, A13 = 1
A21 = 5, A22 = 23, A23 = 11
A31 = 3, A32 = 12, A33 = 6
u=v
A1 =
C1 . 4 C1
9
C3
5
14
C3
C3
1 1 2 1 0 0
0 2 3 = 0 1 0 A
3 2 4 0 0 1
1 1 2 1 0 0
0 2 3 = 0 1 0 A R R 3R
3
3
1
0 1 2 3 0 1
1 1 2 1 0 0
0 1 2 = 3 0 1 A
0 2 3 0 1 0
1 1 2 1 0 0
0 1 2 = 3 0 1 A
1 6 1 2
0 0
1
.
21
R2 R3
R3 R3 2R2

Solving x2 + y2 = 4 and (x 2)2 + y2 = 1
1 0 0
2 0 1
0 1 2 = 3 0 1 A
0 0 1
6 1 2
we get x =
R1 R1 + R2
7
4
\ Required area
1 0 0
2 0 1
0 1 0 = 9 2 3 A R R + 2R
2
2
3
0 0 1
6 1 2
74
2
2
2
+
4
x
dx
1 (x 2) dx
=2
7 4
2 0 1
Hence A1 = 9 2 3 .
6 1 2
x
x
= 2 4 x 2 + 2 sin 1 7
2
2
24. AD = DC = BC = 10 cm.
x2
+
2
DADM DBCN
1 (x 2 )
\ AM = BN = x (say)
A
= 2
\ DM = 10 2 x 2
Area (A) =
1
(10 + 10 + 2x)
2
7 15
7
2 sin 1 +
8 4
8
1 15 1 1 1 1
+ .
+ sin + .
4 2 2
2
8 4
100 x 2
= (10 + x) 100 x 2
Let S = A2 = (10 + x)2 (100 x2)
dS
= 0 (10 + x)2 ( 2x) + (100 x2) 2 (10 + x) = 0
dx
5
15
1
7
sin 1 4 sin 1 sq. unit.

4
8
2
2
26. Here f(x) = (x2 + x + 2), h =
(10 + x)2 ( 2x + 20 2x) = 0 x = 5

2
d 2S
dx 2
f ( x ) dx = lim
= (10 + x) ( 4) + (20 4x) 2 (10 + x) < 0 at
1
. [f(1) + f (1 + h) + f (1 + 2h)
n
= nlim
. [4 + (4 + 3h + h2) + (4 + 6h + 4h2) + ....
n
+ (4 + (n 1) 3h + (n 1)2 h2]
Maximum area = 15 75 = 75 3 cm2.

25.
ba
1
=
n
n
+ .... + f [1 + (n 1) h]]
x=5
\ For maximum area, x = 5
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7
1 1
4
+ sin (x 2)
2
1
3 n (n 1) 1 n (n 1) (2 n 1)
+
n
2
6
4n + .
= nlim
n
n
1
3 1 1 1
= nlim
4 + 2 1 n + 6 1 n 2 n

=4+
7
x=
4
10
3 1
24 + 9 + 2
35
+ =
=
.
2 3
6
6

OR
P (1, 3, 4)
x = sin b
Put x = sin a and
\ sin x 1 x x 1 x
1
2x y + z + 3 = 0
= sin1 [sin a cosb cosa sinb]
P(x, y, z)
= sin1 [sin (a b)] = a b = sin1 x sin1 x
(
0
Perpendicular distance (PQ)
1
1
x dx
\ Given integral = sin x sin
1
= ( 2) 2 + ( 1)2 + (1) 2 = 6 units
1
1
x dx
= sin x dx sin
= x .sin
Since Q is the mid point of PP
1 1 2x
x
dx
0 2 0
1 x2
x .sin 1 x
1
0
x +1
y+3
z+4
= 1,
= 4,
=3
2
2
2
x = 3, y = 5, z = 2
\ Image of P is ( 3, 5, 2).
1
1
.
. x dx
1 x 2 x
28. Let number of executive class tickets to be sold, be

x and that of economy class be y.
1

1 1 x
2
+
x
1
+
= 2
0 2 2 1 x dx
0
\ LPP becomes:
Maximise Profit (P) = 1000x + 600y
Subject to: x 0, y 0
2
1 0 1 t . 2 tdt
[1 x = t2, dx = 2t dt]
=1+
t
2 1
x + y 200
y 4x or 4x y 0
t
2
1
2 1
= 1 + 1 t dt = 1 + 1 t + sin t
0
x 20
= 1 + .
4
200
160
27. Let Q be the foot of perpendicular from P to the

plane and P(x, y, z) be the image of P in the plane.
\ The equations of line through P and Q is
120
x 1 y 3 z 4
=
=
2
1
1
80
The coordinates of Q (for some value of l) are

(2l + 1, l + 3, l + 4)
Since Q lies on the plane
\ 2 (2l + 1) 1( l + 3) + (l + 4) + 3 = 0
Solving to get l = 1
\ Coordinates of foot of perpendicular (Q) are
( 1, 4, 3).
x = 20
80)
0, 1
2
(
1234
A
y = 4x
1234
1234
1234
B (40, 160)
1234
1234
1234
1234
1234
1234
1234
1234
1234
C (20, 80)
40
O
40
80
120
160
200
x + y = 200
Getting vertices of feasible region as

A (20, 180), B (40, 160), C (20, 80).
11

Profit at A = Rs. 128000
Profit B = Rs. 136000
Profit at C = Rs. 68000
\ Max profit = Rs. 136000 for 40 executives and
160 economy tickets.
29. Let the events be defined as:
E1 : Bag A is selected
E2 : Bag B is selected
E3 : Bag C is selected
A : A red ball is selected
P (E1) =
11. Let x, y be any two elements of R (domain)

then f(x) = f(y) 2x3 7 = 2y3 7
x3 = y3 x = y
So, f is an injective function.
Let y be any element of R (co-domain).
\ f(x) = y 2x3 7 = y
y+7
x=
x =
2
3
1
2 1
3 1
, P (E2) = = and P (E3) = =
6
6 3
6 2
y + 7 3
x =
R (domain) such that
2
4
P A E = .
3
9
1
1
y + 7 3
y + 7 3
f (x) = f
= 2
7
P ( E 2 ) P A E
2
P ( E1 ) P A E + P ( E 2 ) P A E + P (E 3 ) P A E
1
2
3
1 3
.
90
= 1 3 13 37 1 4 =
.
293
. + . + .
6 5 3 7 2 9
= 2.
y+7
7=y
2
so, f is surjective.
Hence, f is a bijective function.
OR
SET II
fog = f g 2 = f(2) = | 2 | = 2
2
1.
2.
3.
6
4
27
4.
2k 3
17. (Q 5 1 = 0 k = 17)
5.
52
6.
x
sin 1
2
tan x
8.
3$i + 2 $j + 7 k$
9.
l=9
[ ( )] = g [ 2 ] = g [ 2 ] = 1
gof 2 = g f 2
12. L. H. S. = tan1 1 + tan1 2 + tan1 3
(Q Order of AB is 2 5)
7.
y + 7 3
Now for all y R (co-domain), there exists
3
3
P A E = , P A E =
and
1
2
5
7
E
P 2 A
=
= 3
Q =
3 1 2
10. l = 3
) (Q AB + BC + CA = 0)
r
(Q ar . b = 0)
12
+ cot 1 2 + cot 1 3
4 2
2
5
1
1
tan 1 tan 1
4
2
3
5 1 1
1
tan
+ tan1
4
2
3

1+1
5
1
5
tan 2 3
tan 1 (1)
= 4
1 1 . 1 = 4
2 3
Lf(3) = lim
x 3
x3
29
= 20
A2 5A 14I
1 0
0 1
x2 y2
x +y
2
x 2 y 2 2x + 2 y dy
(
(x 2 + y 2 ) 2x 2y dy
)
dx
dx
2
(x 2 + y 2 )
25 + 25 0 0 0
24 10 14 = 0 0 = 0
2x (x2 + y2) 2y (x2 + y2)
lim
2 5
4 3 .
dy
[ 2x2y 2y3 2x2y + 2y3]
dx
4 xy 2
dy
dy
y
[ 4x2y] = 4xy2
=
2 =
4x y
dx
dx
x
5
4 , 4 .
lim
lim
x 3 f (x) = x 3 (x 3) = 0
+
and f(3) = 3 3 = 0
Now, f = e 4 sin cos = 0

4
4
4
lim
\ xlim
3 f (x) = x 3 f (x) = f(3).
dy
=0
dx
15. We know that ex, sin x and cos x functions are continuous and differentiable everywhere. Product, sum
and difference of two continuous functions is again
a continuous function, so f is also continuous in
f(x) = xlim
3 (x 3) = 0
=0
= 2x3 2xy2 + 2x3 2xy2
if x 3
x 3,
14. f (x) = | (x 3) | f(x) = x 3 , if x < 3
)
(
x 3
=1
dy
2x (x2 y2)
dx
2y (x2 y2)
1
1 3 5 5 0
+
(A 5I) =
or A1 =
14
14 4 2 0 5
1
14
x3
= tan1 a ----- (1)
Premultiplying A2 5A 14I = 0 by A1, we get

A1 A2 5A1 A 14A1 I = 0
or, A 5I 14A1 = 0
(x 3) 0
+
Differentiating (1) w. r. t. x, we get
0
29 25 15 25 14
= 20 24 + 20 10 + 0 14
29 15 14
f ( x) f (3)
= lim
x3
x3
x2 y2
tan x 2 + y 2 = a
25
24
3 5
29 25
= 20 24 5 4 2 14
\ Lf(3) Rf(3)
so, f(x) is not differentiable at x = 3.
OR
5
3 5 3 5
2
2 A = 4 2 4 2
= 20 + 20 + 0
Rf(3) = lim
= p = RHS.
4
4
13. A = 4
(x 3) 0
f ( x) f (3)
= lim
=1
x3
x3
x3
\ f(x) is continuous at x = 3.
For differentiability,
5
f = e
4
13
5
4
5
5
cos = 0
sin
4
4

Three cases arise:
5

f = f
4
4
\ Rolles theorem is applicable.
cos px < 0 x cos px > 0
f(x) = ex (sin x cos x) + ex (cos x + sin x) = 2ex sin x

f(x) = 0 2ex sin x = 0
Case II:
sin x = 0 x = 0, p
5
4 4
Case III: 0 < x <
16. Let x = 25, x + Dx = 25.2 so Dx = 0.2
12
12
1
1
dy
1
= 2 25 = 10 at x = 25.
=
dx 2 x
+ 0 +
a
a2
1
=
= a x2
4
2
4
4x a
2
1
dx
a
dA
.
. 8x .
= 4 2 4x 2 a 2
dt
dt
18. ye dx = xe + y dy
D
a
a
2
dx
dy =
9a . a
3a
1 1
+
+ 0
2 2
x
y
a
2
1
1
1
1
3
1
= 2 + 1 2 + 2 1 2 + 2 2 = 2 2 .
ax 9
= 2 + 0 0 2 2 + 0 + 0 + 2

1
\ A = BC AD
2
dt at x = a
Let A be the area of D ABC in which AB = AC = x

and BC = a
dA
\
x sin x cos x 2
+
+
2 0

OR
4x a
dy
1
. Dx =
0.2 = 0.02
dx
10
x sin x cos x 2 x sin x cos x

= + 2 + 2 1
1
25.2 = y + Dy = 5 + 0.02 = 5.02
\ I = x cos x dx + x cos xdx + x cos x dx
dy
. Dx
dy =
dx
or Dy =
1
0 < px <
2
2
cos px > 0 x cos px > 0
\ The theorem is verified with x = p.
1
<x<0
< px < 0
2
2
cos (px) > 0 x cos (px) < 0
Now ,
Let y =
p < px <
2
2
Case I : 1 < x <
x
y
xe + y
y.e
= 3 3 cm2/second.
x
y
dx
dv
Let x = vy dy = v + y . dy
17. I = x cos ( x) dx
1
14
dv
y dy =
vye + y
v
y.e
v =
r r
\ a = k bc
dv
vy . e v + y
\ v + y dy =
y.ev
vye + y vye
v
y.e
= k b c sin
r 1
ev
r
k =2
\ 1= k
dy
evdv = y
k=2
Integrating we get ev = log y + log C = log Cy
r r
\ ar = 2 b c .
( )
x
Substituting v = y , we get
21. Equation of plane passing through (0, 1, 1) is

a (x 0) + b (y + 1) + c (z + 1) = 0 ---- (i)
x
y
(i) passes through (4, 5, 1) and (3, 9, 4)
= log Cy.
4a + 6b + 2c = 0 or 2a + 3b + c = 0 ---- (ii)
19. (1 + y + x2y) dx + (x + x3) dy = 0

x (1 + x2) dy = [1 + y (1 + x2)] dx
1 y 1+ x2
From (ii) and (iii), we get
dy
=
dx
or
dy 1
1
+ .y =
dx x
x 1+ x2
x 1+ x2
and 3a + 10b + 5c = 0 ------ (iii)
1
1
.y
x
x 1+ x2
b
a
c
= 10 3 = 20 9
15 10
\ a = 5k, b = 7k, c = 11k ---- (iv)
1
dx
ex
Putting these values of a, b, c in (i), we get

5kx 7k (y + 1) + 11k (z + 1) = 0
or 5x 7y + 11z + 4 = 0 ----- (v)
Putting the point ( 4, 4, 4) in (v), we get
20 28 + 44 + 4 = 0 which is satisfied.
\ The given points are co-planar and equation of
plane is 5x 7y + 11z + 4 = 0.
\ I.F. =
= elog x = x
\ The solution is
y.x=
x 1+ x
. xdx =
dx
1+ x2
= tan1 x + C
when x = 1, y = 0
0 = tan1 (1) + C C = 4
\ xy = tan1x +
r r
a
b
c
=
=
= k (say)
5
7
11
22. Here P (H) =
.
4
3
1
, P (T) =
4
4
Let X be the random variate, which can take values

0, 1, 2, 3.
r r
20. a . b = 0 and a . c = 0
P (X = 0) = P (No tails) = P (HHH)
r r
r r
a b and a c
r
\ ar is ^ to the plane of b and cr .
r r
ar is parallel to b c
r r
Let ar = k b c , where k is a scalar.
3 3 3
27
=
4 4 4
64
P (X = 1) = P (1 Tail) = P (HHT) + P (HTH) + P (THH)
( )
15
3 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 3
27
+ + =
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
64

P (X = 2) = P (2 tails) = P (HTT) + P (THT) + P (TTH)
=
Operating C2 C2 C1, C3 C3 C1, to get
(b + c)2
3 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 3
9
+ + =
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
64
D=
P (X = 3) = P (3 tails) = P (TTT)
=
(a + c)2 b 2
c2
27
64
27
64
9
64
1
64
1
1
For a fair coin, p (H) =
and P (T) =
where
2
2
D = (a + b + c)2
H and T denote head and tail respectively.

Let the coin be tossed n times.
\ Required probability = 1 P (all tails)
1
>
23. D =
2 bc
a+c
= (a + b + c)2 b
c2
b
c2
4
n=3
5
ab
ca
ab
(a + c)
ac
bc
0
b2
c
a+b
= (a + b + c)2 [2bc (a2 + ac + ab + bc bc)]

= (a + b + c)2 (2bc) a (a + b + c)
= (a + b + c)3 2abc
24. Let the radius of circle be r and side of square be x.
\ 2pr + 4x = k ----- (A)
Let A be the sum of the areas of circle and square.
\ A = pr2 + x2
\ The fair coin has to be tossed 3 times for the

desired situation.
(b + c )2
1
1
C1, C3 C3 + C1
b
C
----- (i)
2n
4
.
5
\ (i) has to be >

1
2 bc
2c
2b
2
b
a+cb
0
2
c
0
a+bc
C2 C2 +
It has to be > 80%.

Total probability = 1
b
c2
Operating R1 R1 (R2 + R3) to get
OR
=1
(a + b) c 2
abc abc
a+bc
0
a+bc
0
= (a + b + c)2
(b + c )2
3
a 2 (b + c )
b2
1 1 1
1
=
4 4 4
64
Required. probability distribution is

X
0
1
2
P(X)
a 2 (b + c )
bc
(a + b)
k 4x
2
= p
+x
Operating R1 aR1, R2 bR2, R3 cR3, to get

a (b + c )
1
D=
abc
abc
=
abc
a2b
a 2c
ab 2
b (a + c)
ac 2
b2c
(b + c )
b
c2
c (a + b)
(a + c)
[Using (A)]
k 2 + 16x 2 8kx
+ x2
2
b2c
a
2
c2
=p
k 2 + 16x 2 8kx
+ x2
4
1
dA
=
[0 + 32x 8k] + 2x
4
dx
b2
(a + b)2
16
1
[32x 8k + 8px]
4
For optimisation
dA
= 0 (32 + 8px) = 8k
dx
x = 4+
d2A
dx
2r =
(1 t ) (5 4t )
=
Let
k
=k
4+
k
4k
=
4+
4+
dt
(1 t ) (1 + t ) (5 4t )
A
B
C
1
+
+
=
(1 t ) (1 + t )(5 4t ) 1 t 1 + t 5 4 t
Putting t =
5
16
in (i) we get C =
4
9
(x 3)2 + (y 2)2 = (x 3)2 + (x 2 )
dt
dt
16
dt
16
1
2
= log 1 cos x
dz
= 2 (x 3) + 4x3
dx
1
4
log 1 + cos x log 5 4 cos x + C
18
9
OR
dz
= 0 2x3 + x 3 = 0
dx
I=
or (x 1) (2x2 + 2x + 3) = 0 x = 1
[other factor gives no real values]
1 x . 1 x
1 x
dx =
dx
1+ x
1+ x 1 x
= 6x2 + 1 > 0 Minima

=
when x = 1, y = x2 + 2 = 3
\ The required point is (1, 3).
And distance AP =
(1 3)2 + (3 2)2 =
= log 1 t + log 1 + t
log 5 4 t + C
18
94
2
[\ y = x + 2 is the equation of curve]

Let AP = z = (x 3)2 + x4
25.
1
18
+

\ I=
2 1 t 18 1 + t 9 5 4 t
dx 2
1
2
Putting t = 1 in (i) we get B =
d z
, where cos x = t, dt = sin x dx
Putting t = 1 in (i) we get A =
k
------ (ii)
4+
For optimisation
dx
1 = A (1 + t) (5 4t) + B (1 t) (5 4t)
+ C (1 t2) ---- (i)
From (i) and (ii), x = 2r

OR
Let P (x, y) be the position of the Helicopter and the
position of soldier at A (3, 2).
\ AP =
dt
----- (i)
Putting the value of x in (A) we get
2pr = k
(1 cos x) (5 4 cos x)
2
1
[32 + 8p] > 0 Minima
4
2pr + 4 .
sin x
1 x
dx
1 x
dx
x
dx = I1 I2
1 x
1 x
1
I1 = (1 x) 2 dx
= 2 (1 x) 2 + C1 or 2 1 x + C1
sin x
1
dx
dx = 2
sin x (5 4 cos x)
sin x (5 4 cos x)
17
1
1
1
1 1 (2 2) 1
2
2
2
sin . 2 sin cos d

= 2 sin 2 d
cos
= (1 cos 2) d =
sin 2
= q sinq cosq + C2
2
= 1 + 2 sin
(1 x) sin1
= 1 x
x 2 sin1
27. Lines
x + C.
26. Equations of curves are
1 x, x < 1
x2 + y2 = 5 and y =
x 1, x > 1
y=x1
2
1
sin 1
5
5
y y1
z z1
x x2
x x1
= m
= n
and l
1
1
2
l1
y y2
m2
x 2 x1
l1
l2
( 1, 2)
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D123456789012345
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2
5
1
1
+ 1 sin 1
2
5
2
2
5
= + sin 1
x + x 1 x + C
y=1x
1 5
2 2
= sin1 x x 1 x + C2
\ I=2
2 1
5 1 1

2 + sin
5
2
5 2
Let x = sin2q, dx = 2 sin q cos q dq

\ I2 =
= 1 + 2 sin
I2 = 1 x dx
z z2
n2
are
coplanar
if
y 2 y1 z 2 z1
m1
n1
=0
m2
n2
2 1 0
In this case 3 1 5
1 2 5
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C (2, 1)
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A B x2 + y2 = 5
( 1, 0) O (1, 0), (2, 0)
= 2 (5 10) + 1 ( 15 + 5) + 0 = 10 10 = 0
\ Lines are coplanar.
Equation of plane containing this is
x + 3 y 1 z 5
3
1
5
= 0 5x 10y + 5z = 0
1
2
5
or x 2y + z = 0.
28. Let events E1, E2, E3, E4 and A be defined as follows.
E1 : Missing card is a diamond
E2 : Missing card is a spade
E3 : Missing card is a club
E4 : Missing card is a heart
A : Drawing two diamond cards
Points of intersection are C(2, 1) and D ( 1, 2).

Required Area = Area of (EABCDE) Area of
(ADEA) Area of (ABCA)
5 x 2 dx (1 x) dx (x 1) dx
1
P (E1) = P (E2) = P (E3) = P (E4) =
2
x2
x2
x
1 x
2 5
sin
5
x
+
x x
=
2
2
2
5 1
2
1
1
12 11
P A E =
1
51 50
18
1
4
SET III
13 12
P A E = P A E = P A E =
2
3
4
51 50
4
P ( E 4 ) . P A E
4
E
P 4 A =
i = 1 P ( E ) . P A
i
Ei
1 13 12

4 51 50
=
1 12 11 + 13 12 + 13 12 + 13 12
4
51. 50
13 12
13
13
= 3 13 12 + 12 11 = 39 + 11 = 50 .
29. Let x and y be the units taken of Food A and
Food B respectively then LPP is,
Minimise Z = 4x + 3y
Subject to constraints
200x + 100 y 4000 or 2x + y 40
x + 2y 50
40x + 40y 1400 or x + y 35
x 0, y 0
35
30 35
40 45 50
3.
4.
5.
x=1
| A| = 8
A1 = A
6.
cos xo
180
7.
r r
ab
6
1 1 1
,
,
3 3 3
11. (i) V a A, |a a| = 0 is divisible by 4.

\ R is reflexive
(ii) a, b A, (a, b) R |a b| is divisible by 4.
|b a| is divisible by 4.
\ R is symmetric
(iii) a, b, c A, (a, b) R and (b, c) R
|a b | is divisible by 4 and |b c| is divisible by 4.
\ (a b) and (b c) are divisible by 4 and so
(a b) + (b c) = (a c) is divisible by 4. Hence
|a c| is divisible by 4 (a, c) R.
Hence R is transitive.
Hence R is an equivalence relation from (i), (ii)
and (iii).
Set of all elements of A, related to 1 is {1, 5, 9}.
12. Given equation can be written as
y=
=4
10
=1
+y
25

0, 2 U 2 ,
10.
x+
3y
2x
10 15 20
2.
9.
+
4x
5
6
8.
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451234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567
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D (0, 40)
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35 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567
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C (5, 30)
30 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567
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25 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567
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20 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567
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B (20, 15)
15 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567
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10 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567
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x+
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2y
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=5
5 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567
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0
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A (50, 0)
1.
55 60
2 sin x
2
= tan1
,0<x<
2
cos
x
2
1 sin x
The corners of feasible region are

A (50, 0), B (20, 15), C (5, 30), D (0, 40)
Z at A (50, 0) = 200, Z at B (20, 15) = 125,
Z at C (5, 30) = 110, Z at D (0, 40) = 120
\ Z is minimum at C (5, 30).
\ 5 units of Food A and 30 units of Food B will
give the minimum cost which is Rs. 110.
tan1
2 sin x
= cos x tan x = 1
cos x
x=
OR
19
LHS = tan
1
(2 tan1 x + 2 tan1 y)
2
15.
x+y
= tan (tan1 x + tan1 y) = tan [tan1 1 xy ] =
x+y
1 xy
m 1
dy
x
2
1 +
= m . x + x + 1
dx
x2 +1
13. Given determinant can be written as

=
abc
ab (b + c) ac (b + c)
1
abc
ab (a + c)
bc (a + c)
D=
abc
abc
ac (a + b) bc (b + a )
bc ab + ac ab + ac
abc
ab
+ bc ac ab + bc
D=
abc
ac + bc bc + ac ab
R1 R1 + R2 + R3
= (ab + bc + ac)
ab + bc
ac
ab + bc
ac + bc bc + ac
D = (ab + bc + ac)
x2 +1
x2 +1 .
x2 +1 .
(x2 + 1)
m. y
x2 +1
dy
= my ----- (i)
dx
d2y
dy
x
dy
=
m
.
+
.
dx
dx 2
x 2 + 1 dx
d2y
dx
d2y
or (x2 + 1)
ab + bc (ab + bc + ac)
+ x.
dy
dy
2
= m x +1
dx
dx
= m . my = m2y
ab
ac + bc
m x + x 2 + 1
dx
ab + bc
(ab + bc + ac)
+x
dy
m2y = 0.
dx
1,
16. f (x) = [x2], 1 x < 2 f (x) = 2,

3,
C2 C2 C1
C3 C3 C1
= (ab + bc + ac)3
14. Putting x = cos a and y = cos b we get
sin a + sin b = a (cos a cos b)
(Using i)
1 x < 2
2 x< 3
At x = 2 , LHL = 1, RHL = 2
\ x = 2 is a discontinuity of f (x).
At x = 3 , LHL = 2, RHL = 3
+

2 sin
cos
2
2
=a
+

2 sin
sin
2
2
\ x = 3 is also a discontinuity of f (x).

ie., 2 , 3 are two discontinuities in [1, 2)
OR

= a a b = 2 cot1 ( a)
2
cot
1
Let y = sin 2 x 1 x and z = cos1

1
or cos x cos y = 2 cot ( a)

Differentiating we get,
1
1 x2
3 x<2
dy
=0
1 y 2 dx
1
1 x2
2
1+ x
Put x = sin q weo get

y = sin1 (sin 2q) = 2q = 2 sin1 x and z = 2 tan1 x
dy
1 y2
.
=
dx
1 x2
dy
=
dx
20
2
1 x
and
2
dz
=
1+ x2
dx

1
1+ x2
dy
=
dz
.
1 x2
1
3
sin (x a ) (x b )
1
dx
sin (b a ) cos (x a ) cos (x b)
sin (x a ) cos (x b ) cos (x a ) sin (x b)

1
dx
sin (b a ) cos (x a ) cos (x b ) cos (x a ) cos (x b)
1
6
1
2
0 4 cos
x2
x2
x2
2
+C
. (log x)
log x +
2
2
4
18.
x
x 1
3
(x 1) (x
sec 2 x
dx = 2
4 tan 2 x + 3
2
2t
I= 4.
tan1
3
3 0
I=
2
=
2 3 2
4 3
.
20. Let the required vector be ar = xi$ + yj$ + zk$
\ ar . $i 3k$ = 0 x 3z = 0
+ x +1
= x 1 + 2
x + x +1
( )
r
$
$
a . (i + j + 4 k ) = 8
x = A (x2 + x + 1) + (Bx + C) (x 1)
A + B = 0, A B + C = 1 and A C = 0
Solving (i) and (ii) we get x = 15, z = 5

Putting in (iii) we get y = 27
A=
\ I=
r
$
$
a . i 2 k = 5 x 2z = 5
Bx + C
x + y + 4z = 8
----- (i)
---- (ii)
---- (iii)
r
a = 15$i 27$j + 5k$ .
1
1
1
,C= ,C=
3
3
3
1
dx
Put tan x = t
Sec2x dx = dt
dt
I = 4 t2 + 3
0
4
1
2
. (log x ) log x + + C.
2
\ 2I =
0 4 cos
1 x2
x2
x2
2
+ .
. (log x) log x .
dx
2
2
x 2
( x) dx
0 4 cos
x2
log x x 2
2.
.
dx
2
2
x
dx
( x) dx
2
0 4 cos ( x )
=
OR
x + 1 + 3
2 2
2
I = (log x )2 . xdx = (log x) .
xdx
19. I =
1
= sin (b a ) . [log |sec (x a)| log |sec (x b)|] + C
x2
2
1
1
1
2 x + 1
log x 1 log x 2 + x + 1 +
tan 1
+C
3
3
6
3
1
= sin (b a ) tan (x a ) tan (x b) dx
= log x 1 log x 2 + x + 1 +
1
17. I = cos (x a ) cos (x b) dx
2x + 1
dx + 2
= 3 log x 1 6 2
2 x + x + 1 dx
x + x +1
21. Here ar = $i + 2$j + k$ and
x 1
dx = 3 x 1 dx 3 2
dx
x 1
x + x +1
r
$
$
$
n = (2 1) i + (3 4 ) j + (5 2) k = $i $j + 3k$
21
r
\ Equation of plane is r . $i $j + 3k$
)(
Mean = SX P (X) =
= $i + 2 $j + k$ . $i $j + 3k$ = 2
23. Given equation can be written as
or x y + 3z 2 = 0
Distance from origin =
or
2
1+1+ 9 =
1 1 1
2 1 3
1
1 1
2
11
2 11
units
11
OR
Any point on the given line is (l 5, 4l 3, 9l + 6)
for some value of l, this point is Q, such that PQ is
^ to the line.
P
54
= 2.
27
1

x 4
1
y = 0 or A . X = B
1 2

z
| A| = 1 (4) + 1 (5) + 1 (1) = 10 0 \ X = A1 . B

Cofactors are:
(2, 4, 1)
A11 = 4,
A12 = 5, A13 = 1
A21 = 2,
A22 = 0, A23 = 2
A31 = 2,
A32 = 5, A33 = 3
4 2 2
1
\ A1 = 10 5 0 5
1 2 3
(l 7) 1 + (4l 7) 4 + ( 9l + 7) ( 9) = 0
1
2 2 4
2
4
x
1

1
5 0 5 0
y
1
=
=

10

1
1
1 2 3 2
z
l =1
\ Q is ( 4, 1, 3) and equation of line PQ is
x=
x+5 y+3 z+6

=
=
1
4
9
x2
y4
z +1
=
=
6
3
2
1
, y = 1, z = 1.
2
24. Let the radius of inscribed cylinder be x and its

height be y.
22. Getting P (odd number) =
1
,
3
\ Volume (V) = px2y
= p (h y)2 tan2a . y
P (even number) =
2
.
3
= p tan2a [h2y 2hy2 + y3]
P (X)
X . P (X)
1
27
6
27
12
27
8
27
6
27
24
27
24
27
hy
F
x
dV
= p tan2a [h2 4hy + 3y2]
dy
Let X be the random variable getting an even number.

X
0
1
2
3
a
E
y
B
dv
= 0 3y2 4hy + h2 = 0
dy
C
D
3 (y h) (3y h) = 0 y = h, y = h 3
22

Since y = h is not possible \ y = h 3 is the only
point.
d 2V
dy2
2
43
x 3 (x + 2)2
8 25
8=
sq. u.
= +
+
6
3 2
3 0 2
2
( )
26. Given differential equation can be written as
= 6y 4h = 6 h 3 4h = 2h < 0
( )
dy
dy
y
y 2 sin = xy + x 2 cos y x ----- (i)

xy
x
dx
dx
h
\ y = is a maxima
3
Putting
4
ph3 tan2a
27
\ (i) become v sin v v + x
OR
dx
= a sin q + a sin q + aq cos q = aq cosq
d
\ Equation of normal is
v sin v cos v
2
dv
=
dx
v cos v
x
log |v cos v| = 2 log x + log C
cos
y a(sin q q cosq) = sin [x a (cos q + q sinq)]
x2 . v . cos v = C xy cos
Simplifying we get x cosq + y sinq a = 0

Length of perpendicular from origin
x = 3, y = p gives C =
3
2
\ solution is 2xy cos
y
= 3p
x
a
sin 2 + cos 2
= | a| (constant).
25. From figure we get points of intersection as

x = 1, x = 2
$ $
AP = 4 i + 4k
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41234567890123456789012
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31234567890123456789012
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21234567890123456789012
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11234567890123456789012
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y
=C
x
27. Let the given point be A (1, 1, 1) and the point on

the line is P ( 3, 1, 5).
Y
x2 = y
dv
cos v
dx
dv
= 2v cos v
dx
(vx sin v x cos v)
dy
= tanq \ slope of normal = cotq
dx
dv
v2 sin v
dx
= v cos v + v + x
dy
= a cosq a cosq + aq sinq = aq sinq
d
y
dy
dv
= v or y = vx gives
=v+x
x
dx
dx
A (1, 1, 1)
\ The vector ^ to the plane is
)(
4 $i + 4 k$ 3$i $j 5k$
P
( 3, 1, 5)
= 4$i 8$j + 4k$ or $i 2 $j + k$

\ Equation of plane is
) (
)(
r $ $ $
r . i 2 j + k = $i + $j + k$ . $i 2 $j + k$ = 0 ----- (i)
2
Required area = x dx + (x + 2) dx
or x 2y + z = 0
23
)(
E3 : 1 white and 1 black ball is transferred
Now, since $i 2 $j 5k$ . $i 2 $j + k$ = 1 + 4 5 = 0
) (
A : 1 black ball is drawn from B
\ The line rr = $i + 2 $j + 5k$ + $i 2 $j 5k$ is
4C
3C
3.2
4.3 2
1
2
2
=
= , P (E2) =
P (E1) = 7C =
= ,
7
C
7
.
6
7.6 7
7
2
2
parallel to the plane.

Also, the point ( 1, 2, 5) satisfies the equation of
plane as ( 1 4 + 5) = 0 point lies on plane.
P (E3) =
4C1 . 3C1
4
=
7C 2
7
Hence the plane contains the line.

28. Let x be the number of units of A and y be the number of units of B, which are produced.
\ LPP is Maximise Z = 20x + 15y
Subject to 5x + 3y 500
P (A/E1) =
2 1
4 2
= , P (A/E2) = = ,
6 3
6 3
P (A/E3) =
3 1
=
6 2
P (E 3 ) . P (A / E 3 )
P (E3 / A) = P ( E1 ) P (A / E1 ) + P ( E 2 ) P (A / E 2 ) + P (E 3 ) P (A / E 3 )
x 70
y 125
4 1
3
= 2 1 71 22 4 1 =
5
. + . + .
7 2 7 3 7 2
x 0, y 0
Y
OR
200
175
P (answer is true) =
150
(25, 125)
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x = 70
A B
125123456789012345678
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y = 125
+
5x
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123456789012345678
100123456789012345678
123456789012345678
123456789012345678
123456789012345678
123456789012345678
75 123456789012345678
123456789012345678
123456789012345678
123456789012345678
123456789012345678
50 123456789012345678
C (70, 50)
123456789012345678
123456789012345678
123456789012345678
25123456789012345678
123456789012345678
123456789012345678
123456789012345678
123456789012345678
1
2
=
3y
0
50
P (answer is false) =
1
2
P (at most 7 correct) = 1 {P (8) + P (9) + P (10)}

X
where P (8) etc means probability of 8 correct answers
Getting vertices of feasible region as:
10
10 1 8 1 2 10 1 9 1 10
1
= 1 C8 2 . 2 + C 9 2 2 + C10 2
20
40
60 80
100 120
A (0, 125), B (25, 125), C (70, 50), D (70, 0)
= 1 {10C2 + 10C1 + 10C0}

2
Maximum profit = Rs. 2375 at B
10
\ Number of units of A = 25
Number of units of B = 125
= 1 {45 + 10 + 1}
29. Let the events are defined as:

E1 : 2 white balls are transferred from A to B
=1
E2 : 2 black balls are transferred
24
1
1024
56
7
121
=1
=
1024
128
128
VALUE BASED PROBLEMS

MATHEMATICS
CLASS-XII
Q.1
Prove that f: R R is a bijection given by f(x) =

honesty may have any relation?
Q.2
Set
and
when ais and bis Are school going students. Define a
relation from a set A to set B by x R y iff is a true friend of .
If R=
Is R a bijective function? Do you think true friendship important in life? How?
Q.3
If h denotes the number of honest people and p denotes the number of punctual people
and
a relation between honest people and punctual people is given as h = p+5. If P denotes the
number of people who progress in life and a relation between number of people who progress
and honest people is given as P = (h/8) +5. Find the relation between number of people who
progress in life and punctual people. How does the punctuality important in the progress of
life?
Q.4
let A be the set of all students of class XII in a school and R be the relation, having the same
sex on A, and then prove that R is an equivalence relation. Do you think, co-education may be
helpful in child development and why?
+3. Find f -1(x). Does the truthfulness
and

Q.5
Three shopkeepers A, B, C are using polythene, handmade bags (prepared by prisoners), and
newspapers envelope as carry bags. it is found that the shopkeepers A, B, C are using
(20,30,40) , (30,40,20,) , (40,20,30) polythene , handmade bags and newspapers envelopes
respectively. The shopkeepers A, B, C spent Rs.250, Rs.220 & Rs.200 on these carry bags
respectively .Find the cost of each carry bags using matrices. Keeping in mind the social &
environmental conditions, which shopkeeper is better? & why?
Q.6
In a Legislative assembly election, a political party hired a public relation firm to promote its
candidate in three ways; telephone, house calls and letters. The numbers of contacts of each
type in three cities A, B & C are (500, 1000, and 5000), (3000, 1000, 10000) and (2000, 1500,
4000), respectively. The party paid Rs. 3700, Rs.7200, and Rs.4300 in cities A, B & C
respectively. Find the costs per contact using matrix method. Keeping in mind the economic
condition of the country, which way of promotion is better in your view?
Q.7
A trust fund has Rs. 30,000 is to be invested in two different types of bonds. The first bond
pays 5% interest per annum which will be given to orphanage and second bond pays7%
interest per annum which will be given to an N.G.O. cancer aid society. Using matrix
multiplication, determine how to divide Rs 30,000 among two types of Bonds if the trust fund
obtains an annual total interest of Rs. 1800. What are the values reflected in the question.
Q.8
Using matrix method solve the following system of equations

x + 2y + z = 7
x y + z =4
x + 3y +2z = 10
If X represents the no. of persons who take food at home. Y represents the no. of parsons
who take junk food in market and z represent the no. of persons who take food at hotel.
Which way of taking food you prefer and way?
Q.9
A school has to reward the students participating in co-curricular activities (Category I) and
with 100% attendance (Category II) brave students (Category III) in a function. The sum of the
numbers of all the three category students is 6. If we multiply the number of category III by 2
and added to the number of category I to the result, we get 7. By adding second and third
category would to three times the first category we get 12.Form the matrix equation and
solve it.
Q.10
for keeping Fit X people believes in morning walk, Y people believe in yoga and Z people join
Gym. Total no of people are 70.further 20% 30% and 40% people are suffering from any
disease who believe in morning walk, yoga and GYM respectively. Total no. of such people is
21. If morning walk cost Rs 0 Yoga cost Rs 500/month and GYM cost Rs 400/ month and total
expenditure is Rs 23000.
(i) Formulate a matrix problem.
(ii) Calculate the no. of each type of people.
(iii) Why exercise is important for health?
Q.11
An amount of Rs 600 crores is spent by the government in three schemes. Scheme A is for
saving girl child from the cruel parents who dont want girl child and get the abortion before
her birth. Scheme B is for saving of newlywed girls from death due to dowry. Scheme C is
planning for good health for senior citizen. Now twice the amount spent on Scheme C together
with amount spent on Scheme A is Rs 700 crores. And three times the amount spent on
Scheme A together with amount spent on Scheme B and Scheme C is Rs 1200 crores. Find the
amount spent on each Scheme using matrices? What is the importance of saving girl child
from the cruel parents who dont want girl child and get the abortion before her birth?
Q.12
There are three families. First family consists of 2 male members, 4 female members and 3
children. Second family consists of 3 male members, 3 female members and 2 children. Third
family consists of 2 male members, 2 female members and 5 children. Male member earns Rs
500 per day and spends Rs 300 per day. Female member earns Rs 400 per day and spends Rs
250 per day child member spends Rs 40 per day. Find the money each family saves per day
using matrices? What is the necessity of saving in the family?

Q.13
A car driver is driving a car on the dangerous path given by

m N
Find the dangerous point (point of discontinuity) on the path. Whether the driver should pass that
point or not? Justify your answers.
Q.14
A car parking company has 500 subscribers and collects fixed charges of Rs.300 per subscriber
per month. The company proposes to increase the monthly subscription and it is believed
that for every increase of Re.1, one subscriber will discontinue the service. What increase will
bring maximum income of the company? What values are driven by this problem?
Q.15
Check whether the function

+
is strictly increasing or strictly decreasing or
none of both on
. Should the nature of a man be like this function? Justify your answers.
Q.16
If
, when
denotes the number of hours worked and
denotes the amount (in
Rupees) earned. Then find the value of

(in interval) for which the income remains
increasing? Explain the importance of earning in life?
Q.17
If performance of the students y depends on the number of hours x of hard work done per
day is given by the relation.
Find the number of hours, the students work to have the best performance.
Hours of hard work are necessary for success Justify.
Q.18
A farmer wants to construct a circular well and a square garden in his field. He wants to keep
sum of their perimeters fixed. Then prove that the sum of their areas is least when the side of
square garden is double the radius of the circular well.
Do you think good planning can save energy, time and money?
Q.19
Profit function of a company is given as
where x is the number of units
produced. What is the maximum profit of the company? Company feels its social
responsibility and decided to contribute 10% of his profit for the orphanage. What is the
amount contributed by the company for the charity? Justify that every company should do it.
Q.20
In a competition a brave child tries to inflate a huge spherical balloon bearing slogans against
child labour at the rate of 900 cubic centimeters of gas per second. Find the rate at which the
radius of the balloon is increasing when its radius is 15cm. Also write any three values/life skill
reflected in this question.
Q.21
In a kite festival, a kite is at a height of 120m and 130m string is out. If the kite is moving
horizontally at the rate of 5.2m/sec, find the rate at which the string is being pulled out at
that instant. How a festival enhance national integration.
Q.22
An expensive square piece of golden color board of side 24 centimeters. is to be made into a
box without top by cutting a square from each corner and folding the flaps to form a box. What
should be the side of the square piece to be cut from each corner of the board to hold maximum
volume and minimize the wastage? What is the importance of minimizing the wastage in
utilizing the resources?
Q.23
A student is given card board of area 27 square centimeters. He wishes to form a box with
square base to have maximum capacity and no wastage of the board. What are the dimensions
of the box so formed? Do you agree that students dont utilize the resources properly? Justify.
INTEGRATION
Q.24
Evaluate,
, Discuss the importance of integration (unity) in life.

Q.25
A farmer has a piece of land. He wishes to divide equally in his two sons to maintain peace
and harmony in the family. If his land is denoted by area bounded by curve
and
and to divide the area equally he draws a line
what is the value of a?
What is the importance of equality among the people?
Q.26
A circular Olympic gold medal has a radius 2cm and taking the centre at the origin, Find its
area by method of integration. What is the importance of Olympic Games for a sportsman
and why?
Olympic game is a supreme platform for a sportsman. In Olympic Games all countries of the
world participate and try their best and make their country proud.
Q.27
A poor deceased farmer has agriculture land bounded by the curve y=

, between x = 0
and x=2 . He has two sons. Now they want to distribute this land in three parts (As already
partitioned).Find the area of each part. Which parts should be given to the farmer & why?
Justify your answer.
Q.28
If a triangular field is bounded by the lines x+2y = 2, y-x = 1 and 2x+y = 7Using integration
compute the area of the field
(i)If in each square unit area 4 trees may be planted. Find the number of trees can be planted
In the field.
(ii)Why plantation of trees is necessary?
Q.29
Solve the differential equation

Given that when x=2, y=1.If denotes the
people who are Polite and y denotes the % of
people who are intelligent. Find when
.
A polite child is always liked by all in society. Do you agree? Justify.
Q.30
=0, where x denotes the percentage population living in a city & y denotes the area for
living a healthy life of population. Find the particular Solution when
Is higher density of population is harmful? Justify yours answer.
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY

Q.31
considering the earth as a plane having equation

, A monument is
standing vertically such that its peak is at the point (1, 2, -3). Find the height of the
monument.
How can we save our monument?
Q.32
Let the point p (5, 9, 3) lies on the top of Qutub Minar, Delhi. Find the image of the point on
the line
=
=
Do you think that the conservation of monuments is important and why?
Q.33
Two bikers are running at the Speed more than allowed speed on the road along the Lines
=
and
=
Using Shortest distance formula check whether they meet to an accident or not? While
driving should driver maintain the speed limit as allowed. Justify?
LINEAR PROGRAMMING PROBLEMS

Q.34
A dietician wishes to mix two types of food in such a way that the vitamin content of the
mixture contain at least 8 unit of vitamin A and 10 unit of vitamin C. Food I contains 2unit/kg
of vitamin A and 1unit/kg of vitamin C, while food II contains I unit/kg of vitamin A and
2unit/kg of vitamin C. It cost Rs.5.00 per kg to purchase food I and Rs.7.00 per kg to produce
food II. Determine the minimum cost of the mixture. Formulate the LPP and solve it.
Why a person should take balanced food?
Q.35
Q.36
A farmer has a supply of chemical fertilizers of type A which contains 10% nitrogen and 6%
phosphoric acid and type B contains 5% of nitrogen and 10% of phosphoric acid. After soil
testing it is found that at least 7kg of nitrogen and same quantity of phosphoric acid is
required for a good crop. The fertilizers of type A and type B cost Rs.5 and Rs.8 per kilograms
respectively. Using L .P.P, find how many kgs of each type of fertilizers should be bought to
meet the requirement and cost be minimum solve the problem graphically. What are the side
effects of using excessive fertilizers?
If a class XII student aged 17 years, rides his motor cycle at 40km/hr, the petrol cost is Rs. 2
per km. If he rides at a speed of 70km/hr, the petrol cost increases Rs.7per km. He has Rs.100
to spend on petrol and wishes to cover the maximum distance within one hour.
1. Express this as an L .P.P and solve graphically.
2. What is benefit of driving at an economical speed?
3. Should a child below 18years be allowed to drive a motorcycle? Give reasons.
Q.37
Vikas has been given two lists of problems from his mathematics teacher with the instructions
to submit not more than 100 of them correctly solved for marks. The problems in the first list
are worth 10 marks each and those in the second list are worth 5 marks each. Vikas knows
from past experience that he requires on an average of 4 minutes to solve a problem of 10
marks and 2 minutes to solve a problem of 5 marks. He has other subjects to worry about; he
cannot devote more than 4 hours to his mathematics assignment. With reference to manage his
time in best possible way how many problems from each list shall he do to maximize his
marks? What is the importance of time management for students?
Q.38
An NGO is helping the poor people of earthquake hit village by providing medicines. In order
to do this they set up a plant to prepare two medicines A and B. There is sufficient raw material
available to make 20000 bottles of medicine A and 40000 bottles of medicine B but there are
45000 bottles into which either of the medicine can be put. Further it takes 3 hours to prepare
enough material to fill 1000 bottles of medicine A and takes 1 hour to prepare enough material
to fill 1000 bottles of medicine B and there are 66 hours available for the operation. If the
bottle of medicine A is used for 8 patients and bottle of medicine B is used for 7 patients. How
the NGO should plan his production to cover maximum patients? How can you help others in
case of natural disaster?
PROBABILITY
Q.39
Probability of winning when batting coach A and bowling coach B working independently are
and respectively. If both try for the win independently find the probability that there is a
win. Will the independently working may be effective? And why?
Q.40
A person has undertaken a construction job. The probabilities are 0.65 that there will be
strike, 0.80 that the construction job will be completed on time if there is no strike and 0.32
that the construction job will be completed on time if there is strike. Determine the
probability that the construction job will be completed on time. What values are driven by
this question?
Q.41
A clever student used a biased coin so that the head is 3 times as likely to occur as tail. If the
coin tossed twice find the probability distribution and mean of numbers of tails. Is this a good
tendency? Justify your answer.
Q.42
A man is known to speak truth 5 out of 6 times. He draws a ball from the bag containing 4
white and 6 black balls and reports that it is white. Find the probability that it is actually
white?
Do you think that speaking truth is always good?
Q.43
A drunkard man takes a step forward with probability 0.6 and takes a step backward with
probability 0.4. He takes 9 steps in all. Find the probability that he is just one step away from
the initial point. Do you think drinking habit can ruin ones family life?
Q.44
If group A contains the students who try to solve the problem by knowledge, Group B
contains the students who guess to solve the problem Group C contains the students who
give answer by cheating. If n (A) = 20, n (B) = 15, n(C) = 10, 2 Students are selected at random.
Find the probability that they are from group c. Do you think that cheating habit spoils the
career?
Q.45
In a school, 30% of the student has 100% attendance. Previous year result report tells that
70% of all students having 100% attendance attain A grade and 10% of remaining students
attain A grade in their annual examination. At the end of the year, One student is chosen at
random and he has an A grade. What is the probability that the student has 100%
attendance? Also state the factors which affect the result of a student in the examination.
Q.46
A man is known to speak truth 3 out of 4 times. He throws a die and reports that it is six. Find
the probability that it is actually a six. Write any three benefits of speaking the truth.
Q.47
There are 20 People in a group. Out of them 7 people are non vegetarian, 2 people are
selected randomly. Write the probability distribution of nonvegetarian people. Explain
whether you would like to be vegetarian or nonvegetarian and why? Also keeping life of
animals in mind how would you promote a person to be vegetarian?
Q.48
Two third of the students in a class are sincere about their study and rest are careless
Probability of passing in examination are 0.7 and 0.2 for sincere and careless students
respectively, A Student is chosen and is found to be passed what is the probability that he/she
was sincere. Explain the importance of sincerity for a student.
Q.49
A company has two plants of scooter manufacturing. Plant I manufacture 70% Scooter and
plant II manufactures 30%. At plant I 80% of the scooters are maintaining pollution norms
and in plant II 90% of the scooter maintaining Pollution norms. A Scooter is chosen at random
and is found to be fit on pollution norms. What is the probability that it has come from plant
II. What is importance of pollution norms for a vehicle?
Q.50
A chairman is biased so that he selects his relatives for a job 3 times as likely as others. If
there are 3 posts for a job. Find the probability distribution for selection of persons other than
their relatives.
If the chairman is biased than which value of life will be demolished?
Q.51
A manufacturer has three machine operators A (skilled) B (Semi- skilled) and C (nonskilled).The first operator A Produces 1% defective items where as the other two operators B
and C produces 5% and 7 % defective items respectively. A is on the job for 50% of time B in
the job for 30% of the time and C is on the job for 20 % of the time. A defective item is
produced what is the probability that it was produced by B? What is the value of skill?
Q.52
In a group of 100 families, 30 families like male child, 25 families like female child and 45
families feel both children are equal. If two families are selected at random out of 100 families,
find the probability distribution of the number of families feel both children are equal. What is
the importance in the society to develop the feeling that both children are equal?
Q.53
In a group of 200 people, 50% believe in that anger and violence will ruin the country, 30% do
not believe in that anger and violence will ruin the country and 20% are not sure about
anything. If 3 people are selected at random find the probability that 2 people believe and 1
does not believe that anger and violence will ruin the country. How do you consider that anger
and violence will ruin the country?
Q.54
In a group of students, 200 attend coaching classes, 400 students attend school regularly and
600 students study themselves with help of peers. The probability that a student will succeed in
life who attend coaching classes, attend school regularly and study themselves with help of
peers are 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 respectively. One student is selected who succeeded in life, what is
the probability that he study himself with help of peers. What type of study can be considered
for the success in life and why?
10
RELATIONS AND FUNCTION

Ans.1 f -1(x) =
Truthfulness and honesty among people may have the bijective (one-one onto) relation as
people who are honest usually truthful and vice versa.
Ans.2 Neither one-one nor onto hence not bijective
Yes, true friendship makes life easier.
Ans.3
P=
Punctuality develops discipline in life and hence progressive in life.

Ans.4 The relation R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive .Co-education is very helpful because it
leads to the balanced development of the children and in future they become good citizens.
Ans.5
[Polythene=Re.1]
[Handmade bag = Rs.5]
[Newspapers envelop=Rs.2]
Shopkeeper A is better for environmental conditions. As he is using least no of polythene.
Shopkeeper B is better for social conditions as he is using handmade bags (Prepared by
prisoners).
Ans.6 Cost per Contact:

Telephone = Rs0.40
House calls = Re1.00
Letters
= Rs0.50
Telephone is better as it is cheap.
Ans.7
Rs.15000 each type of bond.

(i) Charity.
(ii) Helping orphans or poor people.
(iii)Awareness about diseases.
Ans.8 X = 3, Y =1, Z = 2
Food taken at home is always the best way.
Ans.9
x+y+z=6, x+2z=7, 3x+y+z=12 where x,y,z represent the number of students in categories I,II,III
respectively.
X=3, y=1, z=2
Participating in co-curricular activities is very important. It is very essential for all round
development.
11
Ans.10 (i) x+y+z=70, 2x+3y+4z=210, 5y+4z=230

(ii) x=20, y=30, z=20
(iii) Exercise keeps fit and healthy to a person.
Ans.11
Rs300crores, Rs200crores and Rs100 crores

(i)
Our In country, male population is more than female population.
(ii) It is essential for a human being to save the life of all.
Ans.12 Rs880, Rs970, Rs 500. Saving is necessary for each family as in case of emergency our saving
in good time helps us to survive in bad time.
Ans.13 [Point
No, because
Life is precious. Or
Drive carefully.
Ans.14 Increase of Rs.100 monthly subscription for Max. Income of the company.
1. The sharing (2-3 persons on the same route) will be promoted.

2. Decrease pollution
3. Decrease vehicle density on road.
4. Saving of energy.
Ans.15 [Neither strictly increasing nor strictly decreasing].
Yes, because strictness in not always good in life.

Ans.16
To support the family, regular increasing income is must.

Ans.17 4 hours per day. By hard work, we can create skill in using the things Learnt by us. So we
Dont make mistake in the competition when the things are asked.
Ans.18 Yes, every work done in a planned way proves to be more fruitful.
If a student makes a planning for his studies he can do wonders.
Ans.19 Maximum profit = Rs76 when x=240.
Yes it is good for society

Ans.20 15/2 Cm. /Sec.
(i) Bravery
12
(ii) Awareness about child labour

(iii) Right of a child
Ans.21 4.8m/sec.
In a festival many people participated with full happiness and share their lives and enjoy it.
Ans.22 4 centimeters. As our country is still developing and most of the Indian people are from the
middle class, so we should utilize our resources in proper way. Students should buy only
those books which they feel really important. Instead of buying books for only one or two
chapters. They should borrow it from the library.
Ans.23 length of square base is 3 centimeters and height of the box is 1.5 centimeters. Yes, I agree
that students dont utilize the resources properly. They get various notes photocopies and
waste one side of the paper. Whereas other side of paper can be utilized for making
comments on those notes.
INTEGRATION
Ans.24
- log|
+ tan -1 + C
1. United we stand, divided we fall.

2. Union is strength.
1/3
Ans.25
. Equality helps to maintain peace and harmony in all aspect of society
Ans.26 4
Ans.27 1, 2, 1
1. Respect the parents

2. Help the elders (parents)
Ans.28
Area of the field= 6 Sq. unit

(i)
24 trees
(ii)
Ans.29
Plants provide us oxygen and play major role in rain, so plantation is essential for all
human beings.
, 8. Yes polite child has a peaceful mind and peaceful mind grasps the ideas easily and
understand the complicated concept
Ans.30
Yes, as the population increases area for living decreases, that is very harmful for us.
13
VECTORS & 3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY
Ans.31 (i)
Units
(ii) We should not harm any monument.

(iii) We should not write anything on it.
(iv) We should respect our national heritage.
Ans.32 The point of image is (3, 5, 7)
Conservation of monuments is very important because it is a part of our history and their
contribution.
Ans.33 S.D =0, this means they meet to an accident.
If a driver follow speed limit there will be minimum chance of accident .

LINEAR PROGRAMMING PROBLEMS
Ans.34 Minimum cost = Rs. 38.00
x=2, y=4
Balanced diet keeps fit, healthy and disease free life to a person.
Ans.35 Type A fertilizers = 50 kg, Type B = 40 kg. Minimum cost =Rs. 570/infertility of land.
Excessive use of fertilizers can spoil the quality of crop also it may cause.
Ans.36 1. Max. Z= x + y,
+
2x+7y
X ,y
Where x & y represents the distance travelled by the speed of 40km/hr & 70 km/h
respectively.
1. X=1560/41Km., y= 140/41Km.
2. It Saves petrol. It saves money.
3. No because according to the law driving license is issued when a person is above the 18
years of age.
Ans.37 20 problems from first list and 80 problems from second list. Students who divide the time
for each subject per day according to their need dont feel burden of any subject before the
examination.
Ans.38 10500 bottles of medicine A and 34500 bottles of medicine B and they can cover 325500
patients. We should not get panic and should not create panic in case of natural disaster.
Must have the helpline numbers of government agencies and NGO working in case of Natural
Disaster.
14
PROBABILITY
Ans.39
1. Chances of success increase when ideas flow independently.
2. Hard work pays the fruits.
Ans.40 [0.488]
Peace is better than strike. As the probability of completion of job on time if there is strike is
less then .
Ans.41
x
P(x)
Mean =
1. No, it may be good once or twice but not forever.
2. Honesty pays in a long run.
Ans.42
, speaking truth pays in the long run. Sometimes lie told for a good cause is not bad.
Ans.43
Yes, addiction of wine or smoking is definitely harmful for a person and its family.
Ans.44 (i)
(ii) Yes, because a cheater finds it to do any work independently. But it is harmful in long run.
Ans.45
3/4
Factors :-(i) Regular study

(ii) Hard work
(iii) Good memory
(iv) Well time management
(v) Writing skills
Ans.46
3/8
(i) It gives positive thinking &satisfaction
(ii) Everyone loves it.
(iii)
It is good life skill
15
Ans.47
I would like to be a vegetarian because vegetarian food is much easier to digest than non
vegetarian (may be given other reason) Or For nonvegetarian food we have to kill animals
this is not good thing because everybody has right to survive, etc.
Ans.48
A Student is future of a country. If a student is sincere then he/she can serve the country in a
better way.
Ans.49
Pollution free environment minimize the health problems in the human being.
Ans.50
X
P(x)
Values lost by chairman

Honesty, Integrity
Ans.51
, skilled person can complete a work in better way than other person
Ans.52
X
P(x)
2.
To maintain the ratio of male and female equally. This is important to consider both children
are equal.
Ans.53 0.225, People in anger cannot use their presence of mind and become violent and destroy
public property in riots which is indirectly their own property.
16
Ans.54 0.75 self studies with the help of peers is best as through it students can get the knowledge in
depth of each concept. But students should be regular in school and if they feel need they
could join different classes.

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Detail of the concepts

Relations & Functions

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Matrices & Determinants

Three Dimensional Geometry

Topic wise Analysis of Examples and Questions

Number of Questions for

Relations & Functions

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Matrices & Determinants

Three Dimensional Geometry

Detail of the concepts to be mastered by every child of class XII with

(i) .Domain , Co-domain &

Ex 1.1 Q.No- 5,9,12

Ex 1.3 QNo- 7,9,13

Ex 5.8 Q.No- 3,4

Ex 6.3 ,Q.No- 5,8,13,15,23

(i) Integration by substitution

(iii) Integration of some

Edition Exp 8, 9, 10 Page

(v) Integration by Parts

EditionExp 11&12 Page 318

(vi)Some Special Integrals

Exp 23 &24 Page 329

Exp 30 Page 343,Exp 43 Page

(vii) Miscellaneous Questions

(xi) Integration of modulus

351 Q5& Q6 Exercise 7.11

Example 8, page 369Misc.Ex.

(iv) Area of the region enclosed

Ex 8.2 Q1, Misc.Ex.Q 15

Example 10, page370Ex 8.2

Example 9, page370Ex 8.2 Q4

(i) Order and degree of a

Ex. 2,3 pg384

(v)Dot product of two vectors

(ii)Cartesian and Vector

(vii)Distance of a point from a

Articles 12.2 and 12.2.1

(iii) Types of problems

(b) Manufacturing Problem

(c) Allocation Problem

(d) Transportation Problem

(e) Miscellaneous Problems

(iii) Independent Events

(iv) Bayes theorem, partition of

(v) Random variables &

(vi) Bernoulli,s trials and

Q. Nos 1, 2 and 9 Ex. 12.2

(i).Domain , Co domain &

Ex 1.1 Q.No- 5,9,12

Ex 1.3 QNo- 7,9,13

SOME IMPORTANT RESULTS/CONCEPTS

** Different type of functions : Let f : A B be a function.

(iii)One-one , onto & inverse of a function

Show that the signum function f: RR given by: f ( x ) 0, if x 0

is neither one-one nor onto.

(iv) Composition of functions

, then find f f(x).