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    Profile Final Saptari 2071

    Uploaded by

    rahul
    This document provides a district profile of Saptari District, Nepal in 2014. It includes information on the district's geography, demographics, economy, infrastructure, social services and human development indicators. Some key details include: - Saptari has a total population of over 600,000 people across both rural and urban areas. - Agriculture is the main economic activity, with over 80% of the population involved in farming. Major crops include paddy, wheat, maize and lentils. - Literacy rates and access to education are improving but still lag behind national averages. Health indicators like infant mortality are also better than in the past but still need more progress. - Infrastructure is underdeveloped

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Profile Final Saptari 2071

    Uploaded by

    rahul
    356 views249 pages
    This document provides a district profile of Saptari District, Nepal in 2014. It includes information on the district's geography, demographics, economy, infrastructure, social services and human development indicators. Some key details include: - Saptari has a total population of over 600,000 people across both rural and urban areas. - Agriculture is the main economic activity, with over 80% of the population involved in farming. Major crops include paddy, wheat, maize and lentils. - Literacy rates and access to education are improving but still lag behind national averages. Health indicators like infant mortality are also better than in the past but still need more progress. - Infrastructure is underdeveloped

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    This document provides a district profile of Saptari District, Nepal in 2014. It includes information on the district's geography, demographics, economy, infrastructure, social services and human development indicators. Some key details include: - Saptari has a total population of over 600,000 people across both rural and urban areas. - Agriculture is the main economic activity, with over 80% of the population involved in farming. Major crops include paddy, wheat, maize and lentils. - Literacy rates and access to education are improving but still lag behind national averages. Health indicators like infant mortality are also better than in the past but still need more progress. - Infrastructure is underdeveloped

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    356 views249 pages

    Profile Final Saptari 2071

    Uploaded by

    rahul
    This document provides a district profile of Saptari District, Nepal in 2014. It includes information on the district's geography, demographics, economy, infrastructure, social services and human development indicators. Some key details include: - Saptari has a total population of over 600,000 people across both rural and urban areas. - Agriculture is the main economic activity, with over 80% of the population involved in farming. Major crops include paddy, wheat, maize and lentils. - Literacy rates and access to education are improving but still lag behind national averages. Health indicators like infant mortality are also better than in the past but still need more progress. - Infrastructure is underdeveloped

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    clGtd d:of}bf

    ;Kt/L lhNnf j:t'l:ylt lrq0f -kfZj{lrq_, @)&!


    SAPTARI DISTRICT PROFILE, 2014

    k|sfzs

    lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt


    ;Kt/L, /fhlj/fh
    c;f/,@)&!

    laifo ;"rL
    zJb ;+If]k
    k|sfzsLo
    lhNnfsf] ;+lIfKt kl/ro
    1. v08!M e"ldsfkl/ro

    xiii
    xiv
    xv
    1

    !=! e"ldsfkl/ro
    !=@ p4]Zox?
    !=# cWoog ljlw
    !=$ cWoog ;Ldf

    2.

    1
    1
    1
    4

    v08@M lhNnfsf] ef}uf]lus tyf ef}lts l:ylt lrq0f

    @=! ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] ;+lIfKt /fhgLlts Oltxf;


    @=@ ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt, l;dfgf tyf /fhgLlts / k|zf;lgs ljefhg
    @=# gu/kflnsf -zx/Ls/0f / a:tL ljsf;sf] :j?k_
    @=$ e"If]q -6f]kf]u|fkmL, le/fnf]kg_
    @=% e"ldsf] le/fnf]kg
    @=^ df6f]sf] agfj6 tyf pj{/fzlQm
    @=& e"Ifo ;Defljt If]q
    @=* hnjfo'
    @=( hne08f/
    @=!) lhNnfsf dxTjk"0f{ wfld{s, k'/ftflTjs / P]ltxfl;s :yfg

    5
    7
    8
    8
    9
    9
    9
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    11

    3. v08#M hg;+Vof ljj/0f tyf k|If]k0f

    16

    #=! uflj; tyf gu/kflnsfsf] hg;+Vofsf] cfsf/


    #=@ u|fld0f / zx/L If]qsf] hg;+V ofsf] a[l4 b/
    #=# hg;+Vofsf] cjoj ljZn]if0f
    #=$ hg;+Vofsf] agfj6
    #=% pd]/, pd]/ ;d'x, ln / Psn dlxnf ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    #=^ hg;+Vofsf] ljt/0f
    #=& wd{, hghflt tyf efiffut Pjd ckftf cg';f/ hg;+Vof ljj/0f

    4.

    v08$M e"pkof]u

    31

    $=! ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] e"pkof]usf] cj:yf


    $=@ /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsfsf] e"pkof]usf] cj:yf
    $=# uflj; :t/Lo e"pkof]usf] cj:yf
    $=$ s[life"lddf :jfldTjsf] cfwf/ tyf ljj/0f
    $=% e"pkof]u ;DjGwL gS;fx?

    5.

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    32

    v08%M zx/Ls/0f tyf jl:t ljsf;sf] :j?k

    33

    %=! zx/Ls/0f
    %=@ jl:t ljsf;sf] :j?k / jl:t C+vnf
    %=# zx/L tyf u|fdL0f If]qdf cfjf; l:ylt

    33
    34
    37

    6. v08^M lhNnfsf] cfly{s tyf /f]huf/Lsf] l:ylt

    40

    ^=! lhNnf cy{tGqsf] ;+/rgfTds :j?k


    ^=@ s[lif
    ^=# l;+rfO{

    40
    40
    51
    i

    ^=$ kz' ;]jf


    ^=% lhNnfsf] cy{tGqsf] ljlzli6s/0f
    ^=^ cfly{s cGt/;DjGw
    ^=& lhNnfsf] j}b]lzs nufgLsf] l:ylt
    ^=* 3/kl/jf/sf] cfo:t/ tyf ul/jLsf] l:ylt
    ^=( :YffgLo :t/df vfB ;'/Iffsf] cj:yf
    ^=!) >dzlQm tyf /f]huf/L l:ylt
    ^=!! pBf]u tyf vfgL If]qsf] l:ylt
    ^=!@ Jofkf/, ko{6g tyf ljlQo ;]jf If]qsf] l:ylt

    7.

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    58
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    63
    63
    65
    74

    v08&M ef}lts tyf ;fj{hlgs k"jf{wf/ ;]jf

    79

    &=! ;8s oftfoft


    &=@ xjfO{ ;]jf
    &=# ;~rf/ ;'ljwf
    &=$ uflj;gkf cg';f/ ljB't tyf gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ ljsf; l:ylt
    &=% vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{
    &=^ 9n lgsf; / kmf]xf]/d}nf ;+sng tyf Joj:yfkg
    &=& gbL lgoGq0f

    8.

    v08*M ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/ tyf ;]jf

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    88
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    98

    99

    *=! lzIff

    99

    *=!=! lhNnfsf] z}lIfs tyf ;fIf/tf l:ylt


    *=!=@ lzIff ;]jf tyf ;'ljwf, k"jf{wf/sf] dfu tyf cfk"lt{
    *=!=# dfgj ;+zfwg ljsf;sf] ;du| l:ylt
    *=!=$ j}slNks Pjd\ cgf}krfl/s lzIff
    *=!=% ljBfno v'n]sf] lbg
    *=!=% ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf k|ltlglwTj -k|ltztdf_
    *=!=^ ljBfno k'Ug] nfUg] ;do
    *=!=& ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf afn k|ltlglwTj

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    118

    *=@ :jf:Yo

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    *=@=! :jf:Yo ;]jf ;'ljwf / :jf:Yo l:ylt


    *=@=@ :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?sf] cj:yf
    *=@=# dfgj ;+zfwgsf] cj:yf
    *=@=$ vf]ksf] cj:yf
    *=@=% sf]/f hGd tyf d[To'b/
    *=@=^ dft[ :jf:Yo
    *=@=& dlxnf :jf:Yo
    *=@=* kf]i f0f
    *=@=( k|d'v /f]ux? / ltgsf] /f]syfd
    *=@=!! PrcfOeLP8; sf] l:ylt
    *=@=!@ kl/jf/ lgof]hgf sfo{qmd
    *=@=!# afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g ;DjGw ;"rsx?sf] cj:yf ljZn]if0f

    *=# v]ns'b tyf dgf]/~hg


    *=$ ;dfh sNof0f tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff

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    *=$=! afn u[x, a[4a[4f, cf>d / l:ylt


    *=$=@ ;8s jfnjflnsfsf] l:ylt
    *=$=# 4Gb lkl8tx?sf] l:ylt

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    *=%gful/s ;'/Iff ;]jf


    *=^ dlxnf tyf jfnjflnsfsf] ljsf; l:ylt

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    ii

    *=^=! z}lIfs l:ylt / kx'Fr


    *=^=@ :jf:Yo l:ylt tyf k|hgg :jf:Yo
    *=^=# lzk ljsf;
    *=^=$ /f]huf/ l:ylt / kx'+r -:jb]zL tyf ljb]zL /f]huf/L
    *=^=% j}jflxs l:yltafn ljjfx
    *=^=^ ;du| ;fdflhs l:ylt -e]befj, 5'jf5't, dlxnf lj?4 lx+;f_
    *=^=& ;fd'bflos / /fhlglts lqmofsnfkdf ;xeflutf / k|ltlglwTj
    *=^=* ;]jf / ;'ljwf dflysf] kx'+r, lgoGq0f / zlQm ljZn]i f0f -lg0f{o k|lqmofdf kx"+r_
    *=^=( hGd btf{
    *=^=!) afn >dsf] cj:yf
    *=^=!! ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jfn ;+/If0f k|0ffnL

    *=& pk]lIft plTkl8t, blnt tyf hghftLsf] l:ylt


    *=* cGwf tyf ckfsf] cj:yf
    *=( t]>f] ln+uLsf] l:ylt
    *=!) :yfgLo :t/df dfgj clwsf/sf] cj:yf

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    148

    *=!)=! lhNnfdf afn Snj ;+Vof / ;~hfn

    9.

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    145
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    148

    v08(M jg tyf jftfj/0f

    150

    (=! ag If]qsf] l:ylt


    (=@ jg ;+/If0f tyf h}ljs ljljwtf
    (=# jg k}bfjf/sf] dfu tyf cfk"lt{ l:ylt
    (=$ jg pTkfbg tyf ;fd'bflos ;xeflutf

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    (=$=! /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ / u/LjL lgjf/0fdf of]ubfg

    162

    (=% u|fld0f jftfj/0f l:ylt

    163

    (=%=! lhNnfsf] k|d'v ;\s6f;Ggtf


    (=%=@ ljkbsf] P]ltxfl;s ;do /]vf
    (=%=# e'slDko hf]lvddf ljBfno tyf :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?

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    168

    (=^ hnfwf/sf] cj:yf


    (=& af9L, k}/f], x'/L atf;, af6 ;+efljt hf]lvdsf] cj:yf
    (=* hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;Da]bglzn gljs/0fLo pmhf{sf] cj:yf

    10.

    168
    168
    170

    v08!)M;+:yfut ;|f]t tyf Ifdtf

    171

    !)=! ljlQo ;|f]t tyf Ifdtf ljZn]if0f

    171

    !)=!=! ;/sf/L
    !)=!=@ :yfgLo ;/sf/
    !)=!=# u};;sf] Ifdtf ljsf; / ljlQo cj:yf

    171
    175
    178

    !)=@ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] cfly{s ;|f]t tyf cfo

    178

    !)=@=! cfGtl/s ;|f]t l:ylt tyf k|If]k0f


    !)=@=@ cg'bfg, ;xof]u tyf /fh:j jf+8kmf+8jf6 k|fKt /sd / ;f]sf] k|If]k0f

    !)=# uf+p ljsf; ;ldlt / gu/kflnsfx?sf] cfly{s ;|f]t kl/rfng tyf cfo l:ylt
    !)=$ hg;xeflutf kl/rfng l:ylt tyf k|If]k0f
    !)=$=! ;"rgf tyf clen]v s]Gb| Aoj:yfkg
    !)=$=@ gful/s ;dfh, ;+u7gsf] k|jw{gsf] l:ylt
    !)=$=# of]hgf, cfof]hgf, sfo{qmdx?sf] cg'udg
    !)=$=$ lhlj;df jfn jflnsf, dlxnf, blnt, hghflt ;ldltx?sf] k|efjsfl/tf l:ylt
    !)=$=% :yfgLo :t/df ul7t ;ldltx? / ltlgx?sf] lqmoflzntf
    !)=$=^ ;fdflhs kl/rfng

    !)=% ;'zf;g / ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] cj:yf

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    185

    !)=%=! afn ;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf th'{df k|lqmof


    !)=%=@ ;fj{hlgs n]vfhf]vf

    185
    186
    iii

    !)=%=# ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{


    !)=%=$ gful/s j8fkqsf] cg'udg l:ylt
    !)=%=% n}+ls tyf ;dfj]zL n]vfhf]vf ;DjGwL cj:yf
    !)=%=^ afn l:ylt kqsf] cj:yf

    186
    186
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    !)=^ lhNnf :t/Lo ljifout sfo{qmddf nufgL l:ylt tyf k|If]k0f


    !)=& s]Gb|Lo:tl/o ljifout sfo{qmd / cfof]hgfdf nufgL l:ylt tyf k|If]k0f
    !)=* u};;x?n] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/ ;[hgf ug]{ sfo{qmddf u/]sf] nufgL tyf k|If]k0f
    !)=( gLlh If]qn] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/ ;[hgf ug]{ sfo{qmddf u/]sf] nufgL tyf k|If]k0f
    !)=!) :yfgLo hgzlQm tyf k|fljlws Ifdtf ljZn]if0f -;fdflhs ;d'x cg';f/sf] ;"rgf_
    !)=!! of]hgf tyf sfof{Gjog Ifdtf ljZn]if0f
    !)=!!=! of]hgf tyf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ;+:yfut :j?k
    !)=!!=@ ;+:yfut ;dGjo tyf ;+hfn

    187
    187

    !)=!@ ;|f]t pkof]u l:ylt -ljlgof]lht /sd lgsf;f / vr{ l:ylt_


    !)=!# :yfgLo lgsfox?sf] Go'gtd ;t{ / sfo{;Dkfbg l:ylt
    !)=!$ lj:yflktx?sf] cj:yf / k"g{:yfkgf
    !)=!$=! G lj:yflkt

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    !)=!$=@ k|sf]kaf6 Iflt


    !)=!$=# zflGt, ljsf; / k'g{;+/rgf ;DaGwL ultljlw

    11.

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    v08!!M lhNNffsf] ljsf;sf ;d:of, r'gf}lt, cj;/ / ;+efjgfx?sf] ljZn]if0f

    !!=! dfggLo ;ef;b\Ho"x?af6 klxrfg ePsf r'gf}tL / cj;/x?


    !!=@ lhNnf:t/Lo cGt/lqmofaf6 klxrfg ePsf ;+efjgf, cj;/ / r'gf}tLx?
    !!=# :jf:Yo If]qsf ;jfnx?
    !!=$ afnaflnsfx?sf] ;jfn, ;d:of / dfux?
    !!=% Onfsf:t/af6 klxrfg ul/Psf nlIft sfo{qmdx?
    !!=^ lhNnfsf] cj/f]w ljZn]if0fsf d'Vo lgZsif{x?
    !!=& /f]huf/L / a;fO ;/fO
    !!=* ;fdflhs ;'/Iff

    iv

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    ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L

    233

    tflnsfx?
    tflnsf g+=2.1: lhNNffsf] k|zf;lgs ljefhg
    tflnsf g+=2.2M e"ldsf] le/fnf]kg
    tflnsf g+=2.3M df6f]sf] agfj6
    tflnsf g+=2.4M e"Ifosf sf/0f / k|efljt uflj;
    tflnsf g+=2.5M dfl;s tfkqmd, @)^*, -l8u|L ;]lG6u|]8_
    tflnsf g+=2.6M ;Kt/L lhNnfsf k|d'v wfld{s :yfg / ;+Vof
    tflnsf g+=3.1M hg;+Vofsf] cfsf/ -uflj; tyf gu/kflnsf :t/sf]_
    tflnsf g+=3.2M kl/jf/ ;+Vof / kl/jf/sf] cf};t cfsf/
    tflnsf g+=3.3M kl/jf/sf ;b:o cg'kl:yt ePsf 3/kl/jf/ / cg'kl:yt hg;+Vof
    tflnsf g+=3.4M JolQmut 36gf btf{sf] aflif{s clen]v ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+=3.5M pd]/ cg';f/ lhNnfsf] hg;+Vof %% jif{ pd]/ ;d'xsf] hg;+Vof_
    tflnsf g+=3.6M 3/kl/jf/, hg;+Vof, cf}ift kl/jf/sf] cfsf/, n}ls cg'kft / hg3gTj
    tflnsf g+=3.7M kl/jf/ ;b:o ;+Vof cg';f/sf] 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof
    tflnsf g+=3.8M ln cg';f/ !) jif{ / ;f] eGbf dflysf] pd]/sf hg;+Vofsf] a}jflxs cj:yf
    tflnsf g+=4.1M lhNnfsf] e"pkof]u l:ylt
    tflnsf g+=4.2M zx/L e"pkof]usf] l:ylt
    tflnsf g+=4.3: s[life"lddf :jfldTjsf] cfwf/ tyf ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+=5.1: /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsfsf] hg;+Vof ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    tflnsfg+=5.2M gu/kflnsf cg';f/sf] 3/kl/jf/sf] cfsf/, n}ls cg'kft / hg3gTj
    tflnsf g+=5.3M d'Vo d'Vo ahf/ / ;b/d'sfdb]lvsf] b'/L
    tflnsf g+=5.4M kfFr xhf/ eGbf dfly hg;+Vof ePsf uflj;x?
    tflnsf g+=5.5: bz xhf/ eGbf dfly hg;+Vof ePsf uflj;x?
    tflnsf g+=5.6: 3/sf] :jfldTj cg';f/sf] 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof
    tflnsf g+=5.7: 3/sf] husf] k|sf/ cg';f/sf] 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof
    tflnsf g+=5.8: 3/sf] aflx/L ufXf]sf] k|sf/ cg';f/sf] 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof
    tflnsf g+=5.9: 3/sf] 5fgf]sf] k|sf/ cg';f/sf] 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof
    tflnsf g+=5.10M kl/jf/n] aQL afNg cS;/ k|of]u ug]{ ;fwg cg';f/sf] 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof
    tflnsf g+=6.1M aflif{s cfwf/e"t tYof
    tflnsf g+=6.2M k|d'v afnLx?df nfUg] d'Vo /f]u tyf ls/fx?
    tflnsf g+=6.3M lhNnfdf cGgafnLsf] If]qkmn, pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj -cf=j= @)^*)^(_
    tflnsf g+=6.4M gub]afnLsf] If]qkmn, pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj -cf=j= @)^*)^(_
    tflnsf g+=6.5M t]nxg afnLsf] If]qkmn, pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj -cf=j= @)^*)^(_
    tflnsf g+=6.6M d'Vo d;nfafnLsf] If]qkmn, pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj -cf=j= @)^*)^(_
    tflnsf g++=6.7M bnxg afnLsf] If]qkmn, pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj -cf=j= @)^*)^(_
    tflnsf g+=6.8M 3/kfn'jf hgfj/sf] ;+Vof / ljt/0f -cf=j= @)^*^(_
    tflnsf g+=6.9M b'w lbg] hgfj/x? / pTkfbg -cf=j= @)^*)^(_
    tflnsf g+=6.10M v'b df;' pTkfbg / o;sf] ljt/0f -cf=j= @)^*)^(_
    tflnsf g+=6.11M c08f pTkfbg / ljt/0f -c08f ;+Vof !))) df_
    tflnsf g+=6.12M pg pTkfbg / ljt/0f -cf=j= @)^*)^(_
    tflnsf g+=6.13M tnfpmsf] If]qkmn / df5fsf] pTkfbg -cf=j= @)^*)^(_
    vi

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    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf
    tflnsf

    g+=6.14M cldnf] kmnkm"nsf] pTkfbg If]qkmn / pTkfbg -cf=j= @)^*)^(_


    g+=6.15M pi0f kmnkm"nsf] If]qkmn, pTkfbg / pTkfbg If]qkmn
    g+=6.16M t/sf/Lsf] If]qkmn, pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj -cf=j= @)^*)^(_
    g+=6.17M dnvfbsf] sf/f]af/ l:ylt, cf=a= @)^(&) -d]= 6g_
    g+=6.18M xf6ahf/ ;DaGwL ljj/0f
    g+=6.19M l;t e08f/ ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    g+=6.20M vfB pknAwtf / cfjZostfsf] l:ylt -cf=j= @)^*)^(_
    g+=6.21M s[lif ;]jf s]Gb|n] ;]jf k'/\ofpg] uflj;x?sf] ljj/0f
    g+=6.22M afln k|0ffnL tyf afnL ;3gtf
    g+=6.23M lhNnfsf] vfBfGg jf;nft cf=a= @)^(&)
    g+=6.24M lhNnfdf VffBGg ;+lrltsf] cj:yf -@)^(&)_
    g+=6.25M l;+rfO{sf] jt{dfg cj:yf -cf=j= @)^*)^(_
    g+=6.26M ljleGg l;+RffO{ k|0ffnLx?sf] l;rfO{ ;'ljwf
    g+=6.27M ;]S6/ sfo{qmd cGtu{t l;+rfO{ ;'ljwf k'u]sf uflj;x? / If]qkmn
    g+=6.28M kz';]jf s]Gb|pks]Gb| ljj/0f
    g+=6.29M kz' ;]jf ;DaGwL ks]6 If]qx?sf] ljj/0f
    g+=6.30M ks]6 Kofs]h sfo{qmd ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    g+=6.31M kz'kfngdf ;DnUg ;d'x ;DaGwL ljj/0f
    g+=6.32M kz'sf] lsl;d / ;+Vof
    g+=6.33M lhNnfdf kz' cfxf/fdf pkof]uL s[lif pkh kbfy{sf] pTkfbg l:ylt
    g+=6.34M kz' /f]ux?sf] ljj/0f
    g+=6.35M kz' :jf:Yodf ;'wf/ ug{ ckgfOPsf pkfox?
    g+=6.36M kz'hGo kbfy{sf] pTkfbg -d]=6gdf / ;+Vofdf_
    g+=6.37M kz' ;]jfdf ;DnUg u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ljj/0f
    g+=6.38M lhNnf bft[ lgsfox?af6 pknJw ;xof]usf] l:ylt
    g+=6.39M ;DkGgtfsf] :tl/s/0fsf] cj:yf
    g+= 6.40M lhNnf / gu/kflnsfsf] ul/aLsf] b/, ljifdtf / uxgtf, @)^*
    g+= 6.41M Onfsfx?sf] ul/aLsf] b/ / u/Lax?sf] ;+Vof, @)^*
    g+= 6.42M nlIft If]qx?sf] ul/aL b/, ul/aLsf] ljifdtf / ul/aLsf] uxgtf, @)^*
    g+=6.43M dfgj ul/jL ;'rfsf (HPI) sf] cj:yf
    g+=6.44M lhNnf / gu/kflnsfsf] ul/jL b/ cg';f/sf] ;Da[l4:t/
    g+=6.45M %) k|ltzt eGbf a9L ul/jL:t/ ePsf nlIft If]qx?, @)^*
    g+= 6.46M lhNnfsf] vfB ;'/Iffsf] cj:yf
    g+= 6.47 M !) jif{eGbf dfly pd]/ ;d'xsf lqmofsnfkx?
    g+= 6.48M !) jif{ / ;f]eGbf dflysf ;lqmo hg;+Vofsf] k]zfut ljj/0f
    g+= 6.49M lhNnfsf] >dsf] pTkfbsTjsf] cj:yf
    g+=6.50M j}b]lzs /f]huf/L ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    g+=6.51M lhNnf n3' tyf 3/]n' pBf]u ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    g+=6.52M 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{nojf6 lbOPsf tflndsf] ljj/0f
    g+=6.53M lhNnfdf btf{ ePsf pBf]ux?sf] ljj/0f -cf=a= @)&) kf}if ;Dd_
    g+=6.54M 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{nojf6 ;+slnt /fhZjsf] ljj/0f -cf=a= @)^(&)_ ;Dd
    vii

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    tflnsf g+=6.55M 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{noaf6 jfl0fHo k|zf;g tkm{ ;+slnt /fhZj
    tflnsf g+=6.56M ;+efljt :yfgLo ;|f]t tyf To;df cfwfl/t pBdx?
    tflnsf g+=6.57M 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{no ;Kt/Lsf] aflif{s ah]6
    tflnsf g+=6.58M lhNnf :t/Lo cfof]hgfx?sf] ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+=6.59M afn'jf tyf df6f] vfgLx?sf] ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+=6.60M ;Kt/Ldf /x]sf a}Fs tyf ljlQo ;+:yfx?sf] ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+=6.61M ;Kt/Ldf a}sx?sf] lgIf]k tyf shf{sf] l:ylt
    tflnsf g+=6.62M @)&! ;fn h]i7 d;fGt;Ddsf] ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ;dli6ut ljj/0f -xhf/df_
    tflnsf g+=7.1M lhNnfsf] oftfoft ;DaGwL k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf] l:ylt
    tflnsf g++=7.2M ;Kt/L lhNnfdf /x]sf oftfoft Jofj;foL ;+3 tyf ;ldltx?
    tflnsf g+=7.3M /fhlj/fhb]lv ljleGg 7fpF ;Ddsf j;sf ?6x?
    tflnsf g+=7.4M /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsfsf] ;8ssf] l:ylt
    tflnsf g+=7.5M ;8s oftfoft ;fwgsf] ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+=7.6M cGo oftfoftsf ;fwgsf] k|of]usf] cj:yf
    tflnsf g+=7.7M lhNNff ;8s ;~hfn ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+=7.8M u|fld0f ;8s ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+=7.9M lhNnfdf /x]sf ;~rf/ dfWodx?
    tflnsf g+=7.10M lkP;l6g 6]lnkmf]g ljt/0f ;DaGwL ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+=7.11M kl/jf/df ePsf ;'ljwf cg';f/sf] 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof
    tflnsf g+=7.12M ljB't ;]jf k|fKt ug]{ u|fxs ;]jf ;DjGwL ljj/0f -@)&) r}q d;fGt;Ddsf]_
    tflnsf g+=7.13M kl/jf/n] cS;/ vfgf ksfpg k|of]u ug]{ OGwg cg';f/sf] 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof
    tflnsf g+=7.14M phf{sf] k|of]u ;DaGwL ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+=7.15M kl/jf/n] k|of]u ug]{ vfg]kfgLsf] ;|f]t cg';f/sf] 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof
    tflnsf g+=7.16M kl/jf/n] k|of]u ug]{ rkL{sf] k|sf/ cg';f/sf] 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof
    tflnsf g+=7.17M v'Nnf lbzfd'Qm If]qsf] cj:yf
    tflnsf g+=7.18M kmf]xf]/d}nf kmfNg] 7fpF
    tflnsf g+=7.19M e";+/If0f ug{kg]{ If]qx?
    tflnsf g+=7.20 M gbL lgoGq0fsf] cj:yf
    tflnsf g+=8.1M k"j{ afn ljsf;k"j{ k|fylds ljBfnosf] ;+VofTds cj:yf
    tflnsf g+=8.2M txut ljBfyL{ ;+Vof
    tflnsf g+=8.3M tx cg';f/ ljBfno ;+Vof
    tflnsf g+=8.4M k"j{ afnljsf; s]Gb| / k"j{ k|fylds ljBfnodf ePsf] egf{sf] ;+Vof
    tflnsf g+=8.5M k"j{ afn ljsf; s]Gb| / k"j{k|fylds sIffx?df egf{sf] cj:yf
    tflnsf g+=8.6M wfld{s ljBfnox? ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+=8.7M s'n d'l:nd ljBfyL{x? ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+=8.8M ljleGg txaf6 egf{ cg'kft ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+=8.9M ;a} k|sf/sf ljBfnodf k|fylds txdf egf{ x'g]sf] ;+Vof
    tflnsf g+=8.10M ;fd'bflosf ljBfnodf lgDg dflj / dflj txdf egf{ x'g]sf] ;+Vof
    tlnsf g+= 8.11M ;fd'bflosf ljBfnodf k|fylds txdf egf{ x'g]sf] ;+Vof
    tlnsf g+=8.12M k|fylds txdf egf{ ePsf blntsf] egf{sf] cj:yf
    tlnsf g+=8.13M k|fylds txdf egf{ ePsf hghfltsf] egf{sf] cj:yf
    viii

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    tflnsf
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    g+=8.14M lg=df=lj=/ df=lj=txdf ckftf ePsf ;a} k|sf/sf ljBfyL{x?sf] egf{ ;+Vof
    g+=8.15M k|fylds txdf ckftf ePsf ;a} k|sf/sf ljBfyL{x?sf] egf{ ;+Vof
    g+=8.16M lgDg dfWolds txdf ckftf ePsf ;a} k|sf/sf ljBfyL{x?sf] egf{ ;+Vof
    g+=8.17M pd]/ cg';f/ ;fIf/tfsf] cj:yf
    g+=8.18M k|fylds :t/df pQL0f{ b/
    g+=8.19M z}lIfs of]Uotf cg';f/sf] hg;+Vof ljj/0f
    g+=8.20M lzIff ;|f]t s]Gb|x? / ltgLx? cGtu{tsf uflj;x?
    g+=8.21M ;|f]ts]Gb|ut ?kdf ;fd'bflos / ;+:yfut ljBfnox?sf] ;+Vof
    g+=8.22M P;=Pn=;L=k/LIff ;DaGwL ljj/0f
    g+=8.23M txut b/aGbL ljj/0f
    g+=8.24M lzIfs ;+Vofsf] ljj/0f -;+:yfut ljBfno ;d]t_
    g+=8.25M blnt hghftL lzIfsx?sf] k|ltzt
    g+=8.26M tflnd k|fKt lzIfs ;+Vof ;DaGwL ljj/0f -;fd'bflos ljBfno_
    g+=8.27M 5fq 5fqfsf] cj:yf
    g+=8.28M ;|f]t s]G b|ut ?kdf blnt hfltsf ljBfyL{x? ;DaGwL ljj/0f -@)&)=_
    g+=8.29M pd]/ ;d'x cg';f/sf] hg;+Vof / ljBfno uO/x]sf] hg;+Vof ljj/0f
    g+=8.30M lhNnfsf] z}lIfs pknlAw ;"rs tyf nIo
    g+=8.31M SofDk;x?sf] ljj/0f
    g+=8.32M k|fljlws lzIffnox?
    g+=8.33M cgf}krfl/s lzIff ;DaGwL t'ngfTds ljj/0f
    g++=8.34M jfnd}qL ljBfnxox?
    g+=8.35M ljBfno v'n]sf] lbg
    g+=8.36M ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf k|ltlglwTj
    g+=8.37M zf}rfno / vfg]kfgLsf] ;'ljwfsf] cj:yf
    g+=8.38M k|fylds txdf sIff 5f8\g], bf]xf]/fpg] / sIff kbf]GgtL b/
    g+=8.39M 5fqfx?sf] sIff 5f8\g] b/ pRr ePsf uflj;x?
    g+=8.40M 5fqfx?sf] sIff bf]xf]/\ofpg] b/ pRr ePsf uflj;x?
    g+=8.41M 5fqfx?sf] plt0f{ b/ pRr ePsf uflj;x?
    g+=8.42M P;Pn;Ldf 5fqf 5fqsf] plQ0f{ cg'kft
    g++=8.43M alx/+u ;]jf ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    g+=8.44M lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo ;]jf
    g+=8.45M :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?af6 k|ltdlxgf nfeflGjt x'g] hg;Vof
    g+=8.46M lhNnfdf cjl:ylt :jf:Yo ;]jf ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    g+=8.47M PDa'n]G; ;'ljwf ;DaGwL ljj/0f
    g+=8.48M lhNnf hg:jf:Yo cGt/ut sd{rf/L ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    g+=8.49M rf/j6f k|fylds :jfYo s]Gb|df sd{rf/Lsf] cj:yf
    g+=8.50M tL;j6f :jf:Yo rf}sLdf sd{rf/Lsf] cj:yf
    g+=8.51M aof;Lj6f pk :jf:Yo rf}sLdf sd{rf/Lsf] cj:yf
    g+=8.52M /fli6o vf]k sfo{qmd
    g+=8.53M l;aL cfO{Pd;LcfO{ sfo{qmd
    g+=8.54M ;'/lIft dft[Tj sfo{qmd
    ix

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    tflnsf g+=8.55M ;fd'bflos dlxnf :jf:Yo :jod ;]ljsf sfo{qmd


    tflnsf g+=8.56M ufFp 3/ 3'lDt :jf:Yo l;lj/ sfo{qmd
    tflnsf g+=8.57M kf]if0f sfo{qmd ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+=8.58M Ifo/f]u lgoGq0f sfo{qmd
    tflnsf g+=8.59M s''i7/f]u lgoGq0f sfo{qmd
    tflnsf g+=8.60M cf}nf] lgoGq0f sfo{qmd
    tflnsf g+= 8.61M sfnfhf/ lgoGq0f sfo{qmd
    tflnsf g+=8.62M dxfdf/L tyf ljkb Joj:yf sfo{qmd
    tflnsf g+=8.63M emfF8f kvfnf / efO/n OGkm\No"PGhf ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+=8.64M xfQL kfO{n] pGd"ng cleofg
    tflnsf g+=8.65M ;k{ 6f]sfO{ -;k{ bD;_
    tflnsf g+=8.66M k|d'v !) /f]ux?sf] cj:yf
    tflnsf g+=8.67M PrcfOeLP8; sf] l:ylt
    tflnsf g+=8.68M kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;DjGwL sfo{qmdx?
    tflnsf g+=8.69M kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf :yfgLo ;fwfg k|of]u ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+=8.70M kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf c:yfoL ;fwg k|of]u ;DaGwL ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+=8.71M ljleGg /f]u / ;]jf k|fKt ug]{x?sf] ljj/0f
    tflnsf g++=8.72M ;+:yfut txdf :yfgLo ax'ljifos ;"rgf k|0ffnL
    tflnsf g+=8.73M ?U0ftf / d[To'sf sf/s kfFr /f]ux?
    tflnsf g+= 8.74M le6fldg P / h'sfsf] cf}iflw kfpg] afnaflnsfxsf] l:ylt
    tflnsf g+=8.75M afnaflnsf ;DjGwL ;"rsx?
    tflnsf g+=8.76 M k"j{ k|fylds ljBfno / ljBfno hfgaf6 j+lrt afnaflnsfsf] ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+=8.77M :yfoL ;DklQdf dlxnfsf] :jfldTj cg';f/sf] 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof
    tflnsf g+=8.78 M dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{no ;Kt/Laf6 ;+rflnt sfo{qmd ;DaGwL ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+=8.79M ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+=8.80M bz jif{ / ;f] eGbf dflysf] hg;+Vofsf] klxnf] ljjfx ePsf] pd]/
    tflnsf g+=8.81 M kf/flnun sfo{qmd z'? ePsf] cfwf/df uf=lj=;=x?sf] jlu{s/0f
    tflnsf g+= 8.82M dlxnf lx+;f ;DjGwL ljj/0fx?
    tflnsf g+= 8.83M lguf/fgL ;d'x ;DaGwL ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+= 8.84M dlxnf lx+;f ;DjGwL ph'/Lx?sf] ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+=8.85M dlxnf lx+;f ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+=8.86M lhNnf ;]jf s]Gb| / ;fd'bflos ;]jf s]Gb| ;DaGwL ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+=8.87M ;]jf s]G b|df ;]jf lnPsf dlxnf lx+;f ;DjGwL d'4fsf] ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+= 8.88M n}ls lx+;f ;DaGwL ph'/L / sfjf{xLsf] l:ylt
    tflnsf g+= 8.89M ;'/lIftcf>o:ynaf6 ;]jf k|fKt ug]{ 3/]n' lx+;f af6 k|efljtx?sf] ljj/0f
    tlnsf g+= 8.90M 3/]n' afn>lds afnaflnsfsf] cj:yf
    tflnsf g+=8.91M pd]/ ;d"x / lnsf] cfwf/df !^ jif{ d'lgsf afnaflnsfx?sf] a;fO{sf] cj:yf
    tflnsf g+=9.1M ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] jgsf] cj:yf
    tflnsf g+=9.2M jgsf] cj:yf
    tflnsf g+=9.3M ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] jg clts|d0fsf] ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+=9.4M jgsf] jflif{s ;+sng Ifdtfsf] cj:yf
    x

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    tflnsf
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    g+=9.5M u}x| sfi7 jg k}bfjf/sf] Growingstock tyf jflif{s cg'dflgt pTkfbg kl/df0f
    g+=9.6M 9'f, luL, tyf jfn'jf jflif{s ?kdf lgsfNg ;lsg] ljj/0f
    g++=9.7M ;/sf/f/f Jojl:yt jgjf6 aflif{s ?kdf lgsfNg ;lsg] sf7sf] ljj/0f
    g+=9.8M /fli6o=jgaf6 aflif{s ?kdf pTkfbg x'g ;Sg] hl8a'6L sf] kl/df0f
    g+=9.9M cGo jg k}bfj/ ;+sngsf] ;+efJotf
    g+=9.10M ;fd'bflos ag ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    g+=9.11M jg k|zf;g;+u ;DalGwt ;+u7gfTds Joj:yf
    g+=9.12M jg ljsf; ug'{kg]{ If]qx?
    g+=9.13M ;ldnsf] uflj;ut / gu/kflnsfut ljj/0f
    g+=9.14 M e";+/If0f ;DaGwL d'Vo d'Vo sfo{x? -ljut %jif{sf]_
    g+=9.15M e"Ifo s6fgsf sf/0f k|efljt uflj;x?M
    g+=9.16M ljkb\sf] P]ltxfl;s ;do /]v
    g+=9.17M ljleGGf k|sf]kaf6 k|efljt uflj;x?
    g+=10.1M zLif{sut /fhZj ;+sngsf] cj:yf -cf=a= @)^(/&)
    g+=10.2M sfof{nout /fhZj ;+sngsf] cj:yf -cf=a= @)^(&)
    g++=10.3M lhlj;sf] aflif{s cfo tyf Joo ljj/0f -?= xhf/df_
    g++=10.4M lhlj;sf] cfGt/Ls >f]tsf] cfDbfgL ljj/0f -?= df_
    g++=10.5M ljsf; ;fFem]bf/x?sf] ;xof]u -?= df_
    g++=10.6M /fhZj afF8kmfF8 ;DjGwL ljj/0f -?= df_
    g++=10.7M lhlj;sf] s'n cfo tyf Joosf] l:ylt -?= xhf/df_
    g+=10.8M lhNnfdf lqmofl;n u};;x? / ltgLx?sf] sfo{If]q
    g+=10.9M lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;Kt/Lsf] cfGtl/s 7]Ssf k6faf6 k|fKt /fh:j
    g+=10.10M ;Kt/L lhlj;n] k|fKt u/]sf] cg'bfgsf] l:ylt -?= xhf/df_
    g+=10.11M cf=a= @)^(&) df ;Kt/L lhlj;n] s'n vr{ -?= xhf/df_
    g+=10.12M cf=a= @)^(&) df uflj;x?sf] cfo ljj/0f -?= xhf/df_
    g+=10.13M cf=a= @)^(&) df ;Kt/L lhNnfsf uflj;x?sf] vr{ ljj/0f -?= xhf/df_
    g+=10.14M cf=a= @)^(&) df /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsfsf] cfo ljj/0f -?= xhf/df_
    g+=10.15M cf=a= @)^(&) df /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsfsf] vr{ ljj/0f -?= xhf/df_
    g+=10.16M hg;xeflutf kl/rfngsf] cj:yf
    g+=10.17M :yfgLo of]hgf k|lqmofdf afnaflnsfx?sf] ;xeflutf -cf=a= @)&)&!_
    g+=10.18M lhNnfdf /x]sf ljifout lgsfox?sf] k"FhLut / rfn' ah]6sf] cj:yf cf=a= @)^( /&)
    g+=10.19M cf=a= @)^*^( sf] Go"gtd ;t{ tyf sfo{;Dkfbg dfkgsf] glthf l:ylt
    g+=10.20M cf=a= @)^(&) sf] Go"gtd ;t{ tyf sfo{;Dkfbg dfkg glthf
    g+=10.21M b}ljk|sf]k ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    g+=11.1M lhNnf:t/Lo cGt/lqmofaf6 klxrfg ePsf ;jfnx?
    g+=11.2M ;d'x 5nkmnaf6 klxrfg ePsf ;jfnx?
    g+= 11.3M afnaflnsfx?n] uflj; / gu/kflnsfut ?kdf dfu ePsf sfo{qmdx?
    g+=11.4Mafnaflnsfx?n] AolQmut ?kdf dfu u/]sf sfo{qmdx?
    g+=11.5M cj/f]w x6fpg l;kmfl/; ul/Psf cNksflng tyf lb3{sflng pkfox?
    g+=11.6 M ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;DjGwL vr{sf] ljj/0f -?= df_

    xi

    152
    153
    154
    154
    155
    156
    161
    162
    162
    163
    165
    166
    169
    171
    173
    175
    175
    176
    176
    177
    178
    178
    179
    179
    180
    180
    180
    181
    183
    186
    188
    190
    191
    192
    195
    207
    213
    214
    223
    224

    lrqx?
    lrq
    lrq
    lrq
    lrq
    lrq

    g+=1M afnSnjdf ;dfj]lztfsf] cj:yf


    g+=2M afnSnjsf] d'Vo d'Vo kbdf ;dfj]lztfsf] cj:yf
    g+=3M j8f gful/s d~rsf] ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgf -k|ltztdf_
    g++=4M gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|df k|ltlglwTj -k|ltztdf_
    g+=5M ;fdflhs kl/rfngdf ;dfj]lztfsf] cj:yf -k|ltztdf_

    149
    149
    184
    184
    185

    cg';"rLx?
    cg';"rL1Mblnt afnaflnsfsf] nut ljj/0f, cf=j= )&))&!
    cg';"rL2M eQf jf j[lQ kfpg] nlIft ;d"xsf] Psd'i 7 ljj/0f, cf=j=@)&))&!
    cg';"rL3M ;+ljwfg;efsf dfggLo ;ef;b\Ho"x?sf] gfdfjnL

    xii

    225
    228
    231

    zJb ;+If]k
    cf=j=
    p=df=lj=
    qm=;+=
    ls=ld=
    s]=t=lj=
    ls=u|f=
    uf=lj=;=
    u}=;=;+=
    lh=lj=;=
    g+=
    lg=df=lj=
    g]=a}=ln=
    g]=;=
    k|f=lj=
    df=lj=
    d]=6=
    x]=
    /f=jf=a}=
    ?=

    M
    M
    M
    M
    M
    M
    M
    M
    M
    M
    M
    M
    M
    M
    M
    M
    M
    M
    M

    cfly{s jif{
    pRr dfWolds ljBfno
    qmd ;+Vof
    lsnf] ld6/
    s]Gb|Lo tYof ljefu
    lsnf] u|fd
    ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt
    u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf
    lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt
    gDa/
    lgDg dfWolds ljBfno
    g]kfn a}+s lnld6]8
    g]kfn ;/sf/
    k|fylds ljBfno
    dfWolds ljBfno
    d]l6s 6g
    x]S6/
    /fli6o jfl0fHo a}+s
    ?k}of

    xiii

    k|sfzsLo
    d'n's ;+3Lo u0ftGqfTds /fHo Joj:yfdf k|j]z u/]sf] kl/jlt{t ;Gbe{df :yfgLo ;]jf ;'ljwfnfO{
    hgd'vL, ;dfj]zL / ;xeflutfd"ns agfpg ljs]lGb|s/0fsf] dfWodaf6 zf;g Joj:yfdf hgtfsf]
    kx'Fr clea[l4 ug{, :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% tyf lgodfjnLdf, @)%^ n] k|;:t
    cj;/x?sf] l;h{gf u/]sf] 5 . :yfgLo lgsfox?n]] cfgf] sfo{ If]qleqsf] j:t'ut ljj/0f tyf >f]t
    gSzf tof/ u/L glthfdfd"ns of]hgfx?sf] th'{df, >f]t kl/rfng, of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogsf] ;fy}
    cg'udg tyf d'Nofgsf] sfo{ ug'{ kb{5 . ;"rgfdf cfwfl/t of]hgf th'{df, sfof{Gjog, cg'udg
    tyf d'Nofg k|lqmofnfO{ :yfgLo lgsfox?sf] Go"gtd zt{ tyf sfo{ ;Dkfbg dfkgsf] ;"rssf]
    ?kdf /fvL To;}sf] d"Nofgsf] cfwf/df :yfgLo lgsfox?nfO{ ;zt{ tyf lgzt{ cg'bfg k|bfg ug]{
    k|0ffnLsf] ;d]t ljsf; eO{ ;s]sf] 5 . o; tYonfO{ dgg u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;Kt/Ln]
    :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g tyf lgdofjnLn] tf]s]adf]lhd :yfgLo tx -uflj; / lhNnf_ sf
    cfjZos ;a} ;"rgfx? ;+sng u/L lhNnfsf] j:t'ut ljj/0f emNsg] u/L of] lhNnf kfZj{lrq
    (District Profile)tof/ u/]sf] 5 .
    ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] j:t'l:ylt ljj/0f tof/ ug{ d'VotM l4lto ;"rgfx?nfO{ cfwf/ dflgPsf] 5 .
    lhNnf ljsf; Joj:yfkgsf nflu cfjZos Go'gtd ;"rgf ;lxtsf] of] lhNnf kfZj{lrq lhNnf
    ljsf; ;ldlt dxf;+3 g]kfnsf] k|fljlws ;xof]udf tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . o;df ePsf ljj/0fn]
    lhNnf ljsf;sf ;f]bf/x? tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ ljsf;sf ultljlw ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos kg]{
    of]hgfx?sf] th'{df, sfof{Gjog, cg'udg / d'Nofg sfo{df ;xof]u k'Ug] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .
    o;nfO{ c k"0f{ agfpg, cBfjlws ug{ / clwsflws dfqfdf k|of]udf Nofpg ;a}
    ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;xof]u ckl/xfo{ ePsf] s'/fdf lhlj; ;Kt/L ljZj:t /x]sf] 5 .
    o; j:t'l:ylt ljj/0f tof/ ug{ / o; cj:yfdf Nofpg cfcfgf] If]q / tkm{af6 ;xof]u ug]{
    /fli6o of]hgf cfof]u, ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno, lhNnfl:yt /fhgLlts bnsf
    k|d'v tyf k|ltlglwx?, ljifout sfof{nosf k|d'v tyf k|ltlglwx?, u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf, gLlh If]q
    tyf gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx? lhlj;sf kbflwsf/L tyf sd{rf/Lx?k|lt lhlj; ;Kt/L xflb{s
    cfwf/ JoQm ub{5 ;fy} wGojfb 1fkg ub{5 . ;fy} ljleGg r/0fdf Onfsf tyf lhNnf:t/Lo
    cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf ;xefuL e} cd"No ;'emfjx? pknJw u/fpg' x'g] ;a} ;xefuLx? vf; u/L
    afnaflnsf, dlxnf, k5fl8 k/]sf tyf kfl/Psf ;d'bfox?, ckftf ePsf AolQmx?, cflbjf;L
    hghftL ;a}nfO{ xflb{s wGojfb lbb} ;"rgfdf cfwfl/t glhtfd"ns of]hgf th'{df, sfof{Gjog,
    cg'udg / d"Nofg h:tf sfo{qmddf ;d]t ;a}sf] pT;fxhgs ;xeflutf / ;xof]u k|fKt x'g]
    s'/fdf lhlj; ;Kt/Ln] k"0f{ ljZjf; AoQm ub{5 . k"j{tof/L sfo{zfnfb]lv tYof ;+sng / ljZn]if0f
    u/L lhNnf kfZj{lrq tof/ ug{ k|fljlws ;xof]u ug'{ x'g] lhlj; dxf;+3 g]kfnsf sfo{sf/L
    dxf;lrj >L x]d/fh nfld5fg], ;|f]t AolQm >L lai0f' k|;fb g]kfn nofot lhlj; dxf;+3 g]kfnsf
    sd{rf/L ;fyLx?k|lt lhlj; ;Kt/L xflb{s cfef/ AoQm ub{5 . +;fy} o; sfo{nfO{ ;kmn kfg{
    cfjZos cfly{s tyf k|fljlws ;xof]u k'ofpg] o"lg;]km g]kfn / oxfF sfo{/t ;a} k|f]km];gn
    sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ lhlj; ;Kt/L ljz]if wGojfb 1fkg ub{5 .
    o; jl:t'l:ylt ljj/0f tof/Lsf] nflu lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;Kt/Lsf sd{rf/L ;fyLx?af6 tYof
    ;+sng tyf Onfsf tyf lhNnf:t/Lo cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdx?df v]n]sf] e"ldsfsf] pRr ;Ddfg ub}{
    wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .
    :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L
    lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt
    ;Kt/L, /fhlj/fh
    @)&! c;f/
    xiv

    lhNnfsf] ;+lIfKt kl/ro


    ef}uf]lns
    k"j{
    klZrd
    pQ/
    blIf0f
    cIff+z
    b]zfGt/
    prfO{

    l:ylt
    M ;'g;/L
    M l;/fxf
    M pbok'/
    M ef/t
    M @^)=@% b]lv @^)=$& pQ/
    M *^)=@* b]lv *&)=& k"j{
    M ;d'Gb| ;txaf6 ^! ld6/ b]lv #)%
    ld6/
    hg;+Vof -2068 sf] hgu0fgf cg';f/_
    dlxnf M #,@%,$#* hgf -%)=(!_
    k'?if M #,!#,*$^ hgf -$(=)(_
    hDdf M ^,#(,@*$ hgf -!)) k|ltzt_
    3/w'/L ;+Vof M !,@!,)(*
    ;/b/ kl/jf/ cfsf/ M %=@*
    hg;+Vof jflif{s a[l4b/ M !=!$
    n}ls cg'kft -k|lt !)) dlxnfdf k'?ifsf] ;+Vof M
    (^=$$
    Psn dlxnf M !),@@^ -!=% k|ltzt_ hgf
    hg3gTj k|lt ju{ ls=dL= M $^(
    kfFr jif{d'lgsf] afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof M ^#,@%&(=*(_ hgf
    ckftf ePsf hg;+Vof M *,)$$ hgf
    lszf]/ lszf]/L o'jf hg;+Vof -!) b]lv rf}la; jif{_
    M !,(#,*@! -#)=#@_ hgf
    cfly{s ?kn] lqmoflzn hg;+Vof -!% b]lv %( jif{_
    M #,%%,)!$ hgf -%%=%%_
    dfgj ljsf; ;"rsf+s M )=$(*
    :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] l:ylt
    ljj/0f
    ;+Vof
    c+rn c:ktfn
    !
    lhNnf hg :jf:Yo sfof{no
    !
    k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb|
    $
    :jf:Yo rf}ls
    #)
    pk :jf:Yo rf}ls
    *@
    ufFp 3/ lSnlgs -dfl;s_
    $)&
    vf]k lSnlgs -dfl;s_
    $%(
    dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+;]ljsf
    !)@^
    lhNnf cfo'{j]b sfof{no
    !
    cfo'{j]lbs cf}ifwfno
    @
    cf+vf c:ktfn lghL
    !
    k|;'tL s]Gb|sf] ;+Vof
    @!

    /fhg}lts tyf k|zf;lgs ljefhg


    ljsf; If]q
    M k"jf{~rn ljsf; If]q
    c~rn
    M ;u/dfyf
    lhNnf
    M ;Kt/L
    ;+;bLo lgjf{rg If]q M ^
    Onfsf If]q ;+Vof
    M !&
    uflj; ;+Vof
    M ((
    gu/kflnsf ;+Vof
    M #
    z}lIfs l:ylt M
    k|f=lj= tx
    lg=df=lj= tx
    dfWolds tx
    pRr df=lj=
    afnljsf; s]Gb|
    ;fd"bflos cWoog s]Gb|
    ljz]if lzIffsf sIff
    SofDk;
    >f]t s]Gb|
    ;fIf/tf
    ;fIf/tf b/
    k"?if
    dlxnf

    e"pkof]uM
    s'n v]tLof]Uo hldg
    wgx/ v]tL tkm{
    eL6 tkm{
    ;/sf/L hUuf
    P]nfgL
    uf}r/0f
    ldGxf
    u'7L

    M 481
    M 176
    M 72
    M 41
    M701
    M===
    M===
    M=====
    M10
    M 54=00 k|ltzt
    M65=00 k|l tzt
    M43=00 k|ltzt

    M *!,^^&=*( x]=
    M &@,$*@=$% x]=
    M (,!*%=$$ x]=
    M !,^*&=#@ x]=
    M *@!=$( x]=
    M ^)=^) x]=
    M *,(!@=)$ x]=
    M @!=!@ x]=

    cfly{s l:ylt
    jflif{s k|ltJolQm cfoM? #%,*#* -$(^ cd]l/sg
    8n/_

    xv

    1.

    v08!M e"ldsfkl/ro

    !=! e"ldsfkl/ro
    :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% / :yfgLo zf;g lgodfjnL, @)%^ df k|To]s lhNnf
    ljsf; ;ldltn] cfgf] lhNnfsf] ljsf;sf] nflu sDtLdf kfFr jif{sf] nflu cfjlws lhNnf
    ljsf; of]hgf agfpg' kg]{ sfg'gL k|fjwfg u/]sf] 5 . ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf;
    of]hgf -cflhljof]_ lgdf{0fsf] k|of]hgsf]nflu klxnf] efusf ?kdf of] lhNnf kfZj{lrq
    (District Profile) tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . s'g} klg 7fpFsf] j:t'l:ylt ljZn]if0f ug{, To;sf] dxTj
    a'em\g / lasf;sf] ;DefAotf cWoog ug{ ;lx ;"rgf tyf tYofx?n] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf
    v]Nb5g . lhNnfsf] ;"rgf tyf tYofx?nfO{ Jojl:yt 9+un] ;+sng tyf k|;f]wg u/L k|To]s
    ljifout sfof{no / u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfx?sf] tYout l:ylt emNsfpg] ul/ tof/ ul/Psf]
    b:tfj]h g} lhNnf kfZj{lrq xf] . o;n] lhNnfsf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s, hg;+Vof ;DaGwL
    ljj/0fsf ;fy} s[lif, jg, kz', :jf:Yo, lzIff, ;8s, vfg]kfgL, ;+rf/, ljB't, l;+rfO{ cflbsf]
    l:ylt emNsfpFb5 . h;nfO{ lhNnf ljsf;sf] Go'gtd zt{sf] ?kdf lng] ul/G5 / o;}sf]
    cfwf/df g} ljleGg r/0fx? kf/ ub}{ bf]>f] efusf] ?kdf cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfcflhljof]_ tof/ ul/g]5 . ;f/df eGg' kbf{ s'g} klg lhNnf kfZj{lrqsf] d'Vo sfd eg]sf]
    To; lhNnfsf] cfly{s Pj+ ef}lts ljsf;sf] ;fy} ;fdflhs Pj+ ;f+:s[lts cj:yfnfO{ cjut
    u/fpg' xf] h'g cflhljof] tof/Lsf] nflu cToGt dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . To;}n] o;nfO{ of]hgf th'{df
    k|lqmofsf] husf] ?kdf lng] ul/G5 .
    !=@ p4]Zox?
    of] lhNnf kfZj{lrq d"ntM ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] cfufdL % jif{ -cf=j= @)&@&#@)&^&&_ sf]
    cflhljof] th'{df ug{sf nflu j:t'ut cfwf/ / ;"rgf ;[hgf ug]{ ;Gbe{df tof/ ul/Psf] xf] .
    o;sf cltl/Qm of] lhNnf kfZj{lrq lgdf{0f ug'{sf] lgDg p4]:ox? /x]sf 5g\ .
    lhNnfsf] af/]df ;fdfGo hfgsf/L u/fpg] .
    lhNnfsf] ;|f]t ;fwgx?sf] ;di7Lut ljj/0f k|:t't ug]{ .
    lhNnfsf] ;fdflhs cfly{s Pj+ ef}lts cj:yfnfO{ phfuf/ ug]{ .
    bL3{sflng of]hgf / gLltlgdf{0fsf] sfdnfO{ cfwf/ k|bfg ug]{ .
    lhNnfsf] ;DefJotf / ;d:ofx?sf] cjut u/fpg] .
    !=# cWoog ljlw
    o; lhNnf kfZj{lrq lhNnf ul/jL cg'udg k|0ffnL (DPMAS),lhNnfl:yt ljifout
    sfof{nox?sf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg, lhlj;sf lgoldt k|sfzg tyf jflif{s k|ltj]bgx?,
    uflj;x?af6 ;+slnt tYofx? / O{nfsf :t/Lo tyf lhNnf:t/Lo sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lx?af6
    ;++slnt ;"rgfx?df cfwfl/t /x]sf] 5 . /fli6o of]hgf cfof]un] tof/ u/]sf] lgb]{lzsfn]
    dfu{lgb]{z u/]sf] k|s[of cjnDjg ul/ of] lhNnf kfZj{lrq lgdf{0f ul/Psf] x'gfn] pQm
    lgb]{lzsfn] ;dfj]z ug{' kg]{ egL cf+}NofPsf ljifo j:t'x?nfO{ tYodf cfwfl/t eO{ ;Dej eP
    ;Dd ;d]6\g] k|of; ul/Psf] 5 . :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf !(( cg';f/
    lhNnfsf] a:t'ut tYof ;+sng u/L lhNnfsf] a:t'l:ylt b]lvg] u/L ;|f]t gS;fx? ;d]t
    tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . of] lhNnf kfZj{lrq tof/ ubf{ lgDg k|so[ fx? cjnDjg ul/Psf] 5 .
    1

    -!_ ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] bf];|f] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{dfsf nflu lhNnf ljsf;
    ;ldlt ;Kt/Lsf] @)&)&! sf] ldlt @)^( kmfu'g @( ut]sf] !( cf}F lhNnf kl/ifbsf]
    lg0f{oadf]lhd @)&) ;fn efb| !* / !( ut] k"j{ tof/L sfo{zfnf uf]i7L cfof]hgf
    ul/Psf] lyof] . h;df s_ cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{dfsf] cfjZostf /
    cf}lrTo, dxTjk"0f{ kIfx? / k|lqmofx?, v_ afnaflnsfdf nufgLsf] dxTj, u_ afnd}qL
    :yfgLo zf;g ;DaGwL /fli6o cjwf/0ff, 3_ hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ng tyf ljkb
    Joj:yfkg, / _ n}+ls ;dfgtf / ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f h:tf ljifox? / lhNnf
    kfZj{ lrqsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;"rgfx? ;+sng ug]{ 9fFrfsf af/]df 5nkmn ul/Psf]
    lyof] . ;f] sfo{sf nflu ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno, lhNnf ljsf;
    ;ldlt ;Kt/L, o'lg;]km g]kfn / lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt dxf;+3af6 k|:t'lts/0fu/L ;f]
    dfly 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f] sfo{qmddf /fhgLlts bnx?, ljifout sfof{nox?,
    ;'/Iff lgsfox?, lghL If]q, ljlQo If]q, u}/;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?, uflj; ;lrjx?,
    gful/s ;dfh nufot If]qaf6 !#) hgf ljsf; ;fFem]bf/ ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfosf k|d'v
    tyf k|ltlglwx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .
    -@_ lhNnf kfZj{ lrq lgdf{0f / cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df sfo{nfO{ ;/;NNffx
    k|bfg ug{, gLltut lg0f{ox? ug{ / cfjZos ;|f]t ;fwgsf] Joj:yfkg ug{ :yfgLo
    ljsf; clwsf/Lsf] ;+of]hsTjdf /fhgLlts bn nufot ljifout sfof{nox? / gful/s
    ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx?;dfj]z ePsf] Ps lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] u7g ul/of] . ;f] ;ldltdf
    ;b:o ;lrjsf] ?kdfof]hgf cg'udg tyf k|zf;sLo clws[tnfO{ tf]lsPsf] lyof] .
    -#_ lhNnf kfZj{lrq / cflhljof] th'{dfsf nflu b]xfocg';f/sf] ljifout ;d'xx? u7g u/L
    sfo{ lhDd]jf/L lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .
    -$_ al/i7 s[lif ljsf; clws[tsf] ;+of]hsTjdf s[lif, pBf]u, Jofkf/ / ;]jf, ko{6g, >d,
    /f]huf/L, kz' ljsf;, lhNnf cy{tGq tyf ul/jL l:ylt, a}+ls If]q cflb nufot
    /fhlglts bnx? Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL, ;b\efjgf kf6L{, /fli6o k|hftGq kf6L{, blnt
    hghflt kf6L{, g]skf ;+o'St /x]sf] cfly{s ljsf; ;d"xu7g ul/Psf] lyof] .
    -%_ lhNnf lzIff clwsf/Lsf] ;+of]hsTjdf lzIff, :jf:Yo, ;fdflhs sNof0f, dlxnf tyf
    afnaflnsf ljsf;, pk]lIft, pTkLl8t, blnt l:ylt, v]ns'b, /IffTds ;]jf, ;fd'bflos
    ;d"x ljsf;, vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ cflb nufot /fhlglts bnx? g]kfnL sf+u|];,
    g]skf dfn], dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/d nf]stflGqs, g]kfnL hgtf bn, kl/jf/ bn
    /x]sf];fdflhs ljsf; ;d"xu7g ul/Psf] lyof] .
    -^_ ejg, cfjf; l8lehg sfof{nosf k|d'vsf] ;+of]hsTjdf ;8s oftfoft, ;~rf/, l;+rfO{,
    ljh'nL, j}slNks phf{, ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f cflb nufot /fhlglts bnx? g]skf Pdfn],
    g]skf PsLs[t, ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs /fli6o d~r, g]skf dfcf]jfbL, tdnf]kf g]kfn /x]sf]
    ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ;d"xu7g ul/Psf] lyof] .
    -&_ lhNnf ag sfof{nosf k|d'vsf] ;+of]hsTjdf hg;+Vof, zx/Ls/0f, j:tLljsf;, ef}uf]lns
    tyf ef}lts l:ylt, e"Ifo, jg, jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg, ef}uf]lns ;"rgf k|0ffnL cflb;d]t
    /fhlglts bnx?dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/d g]kfn, ;dfhjfbL hgtf kf6L{, g]kfn
    nf]stflGqs ;dfhjfbL bn, g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{, g]skf dfn] ;dfhjfbL /x]sf]
    jftfj/0f tyf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg ;d"x u7g ul/Psf] lyof] .
    2

    -*_ lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nosf k|d'vsf] +;o+ f]hsTjdf ;+:yfut ;dGjo tyf ;~hfn, ;|f]t,
    kl/rfng tyf k|If]k0f, hg;xeflutf kl/rfng, cg'udg tyf d"Nofsg, ;+u7gfTds
    ljsf;, ljsf; Joj:yfkg cflb nufot /fhlglts bnx?t/fO{ dw]z nf]stflGqs kf6L{,
    dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/d u0ftflGqs, ;+3Lo ;b\efjgf kf6L{, /fli6o dw]z ;dfhjfbL
    kf6L{, ;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL kf6L{ g]kfn /x]sf] ;+:yfut ;|f]t tyf Ifdtf ljsf; ;d"xu7g
    ul/Psf] lyof] .
    -(_ lhNnf kfZj{lrq / cflhljof] th'{dfsf nflu u7g ul/Psf] lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] dftxt /xL
    sfo{ ug]{ u/L of]hgf cg'udg tyf k|;fzsLo clws[t, sfo{qmd clws[t,o'lg;]km
    g]kfnsf k|ltlglw / o'PgPkmkLPsf k|ltlglw /x]sf] Ps :yfgLo k|fljlws sfo{bn u7g
    ul/Psf] lyof] .
    -!)_ b'O{ lbg] k"j{ of]hgf th'{df sfof{zfnfsf] cfof]hgf u/L lhNnfsf ;a} ljsf;
    ;Ffem]bf/x?;Fu cGt/lqmof u/L lhNnf kfZj{lrq tof/ ug{sf nflu cfjZos kg]{
    ;"rgfx? ;+sng ug{sf nflu tof/ ul/Psf] d:of}bf km/d]6 tyf r]slni6 d:of}bf tof/
    ug]{ / ltgLx?s} ;xfotfaf6 ljleGg >f]tx?af6 ;"rgf ;+sng ug]{, k'/fgf] lhNnf
    kfZj{lrq, lhNnfl:yt ljifout sfof{nox?sf jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bgx? / lhNnfdf
    sfo{/t /x]sf ljsf; ;fem]bf/x? / :yfgLo u};; jf gful/s ;+3;+:yfx?sf] k|ult
    k|ltj]bgx?sf] ;+sng tyf cWoog ug]{ sfo{ ul/of] .
    -!!_ To; kl5 lhNnfsf] ;Gbe{ cg';f/sf] tflnsf tyf vfsfx? tof/ u/L ;"rgf ;+sng
    ul/of] / lt ;"rgfx?nfO{ ef}uf]lns ;"rgf k|0ffnL (GIS) df / ljifout cfwf/df
    ;DalGwt lgsfox?sf ljifout ljz]if1x?af6 k|f/lDes ljZn]if0f ug]{ sfd ul/of] .
    -!@_ dlxnf, afnaflnsf, blnt / ckftf ePsf ju{x?sf] ;jfnx?, ;d:ofx? / r'gf}tLx?sf
    af/]df Onfsf / lhNnf :t/df cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdx?sf] cfof]hgf u/L pgLx?sf]
    ;jfnx? ;+sng ul/of] .
    -!#_ ;+ljwfg;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug'{ x'g] dfggLo ;b:oHo"x?;Fu sf7df08f}+df cGt/lqmof
    sfo{qmd u/L cflhljof] tof/Lsf af/]df hfgsf/L lbg] / ;'emfjx? ;+sng ug]{ sfo{
    ;d]t ul/of] .
    -!$_@)&! c;f/ !% / !^ ut] lhNnfsf ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx? ;dIf d:of}bf kfZj{ 5nkmnsf
    k]z ul/of] . ;f] d:of}bf kfZj{ lrqdf ;xefuLx?af6 ;'emfjx? k|fKt ul/of] . tL
    ;'emfjx?nfO{ ;d]t ;dfj]z u/L kfZj{lrqsf] clGtd ?k lbg] u/L ;xefuLx?af6 kfZj{
    lrq cg'df]bg ug]{ sfd eof] .
    -!%_ cGtdf, d:of}bf kfZj{lrqnfO{ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;Kt/Ln] ;d]t ;+:yfut ?kdf
    cg'df]bg u/L ;fj{hlgs ug]{ sfd u/]sf] 5 .

    !=$ cWoog ;Ldf


    lhNnfsf ljleGg ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L sfof{no / ;+3 ;+:yfx?af6 k|fKt tYof, s]Gb|Lo
    tYof ljefusf k|sfzgx?, uflj; / gkfaf6 k|fKt tYof, ljleGg dGqfnox?, ljefux?,
    g]kfn /fi6 a}s nufot cGo ljleGg dGqfno tyf ljefusfx?sf j]j;fO{6 cflbsf] tYofLo
    cfwf/sf] ;Ldfdf /xL of] j:t'ut ljj/0f tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .
    lhNnf l:yt ljifout sfof{nox?4f/f pknJw u/fO{Psf] / ;DjlGwt sfof{nosf lhDDf]jf/
    kbflwsf/Lx?;Fusf] cGt/lqmofaf6 klg cfjZos ;"rgfx? ;+sng ul/Psf] 5 . ;Kt/L
    lhNnfsf] ljutsf] -@)^#_ sf] kfZj{lrqaf6 sltko dxTjk"0f{ ;"rgfx? ;+sng ul/Psf] 5 . ,
    lhNnf j:t'ut ljj/0f tof/ ubf{ k|of]u ul/Psf tYofx?sf] >f]t / cfwf/ aif{ v'nfpg]
    clwstd\ k|oTg ul/Psf] 5 .

    2.

    v08@M lhNnfsf] ef}uf]lus tyf ef}lts l:ylt lrq0f

    @=! ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] ;+lIfKt /fhgLlts Oltxf;


    !)(& O{= lt/ lt/x't /fHosf] /fhwfgL l;d/f}gu9df lyof] . kl5 of] /fHo blIf0f ef/taf6
    cfPsf] sgf{6j+zL /fhf gfGo b]jsf] lgoGq0fdf cfPsf] s'/f Oltxf;sf/x?n] dfg]sf 5g\. lt/x't
    efiff / ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; / k|efjnfO{ x]bf{ k"j{lt/ sd;]sd jt{dfg ;Kt/L lhNnf;Dd lt/x't
    /fHo km}lnPsf] x'g' k5{ . sgf{6j+zL /fhfx?sf] lt/x't /fHodf !#@$ O{= ;Dd lgoGq0f /x]sf]
    b]lvG5 . ;f]xL j+zsf clGtd /fhf xl/l;+x b]j l;d/f}gu9 5f]8L sf7df8f}+ pkTosflt/ efUg afWo
    eP -lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;Kt/L, ;Kt/L lhNnf kfZj{lrq, @)^)_.
    d';ndfgx?sf] xdnf kl5 of] If]q s'g} alnof] zf;ssf] xft gk/]sf] / ;fgf ;fgf :jtGq
    /hf}6fx?sf] lgoGq0fdf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . kfNkfsf] /fhf d's'Gb ;]gsf] k"jL{ t/fO{ ljho ug]{ cleofg
    cGtu{t pgs} sfG5f 5f]/f nf]xf;]gn] jt{dfg ;Kt/L lhNnf / jl/kl/ xdnf u/L sAhf u/]sf
    lyP . t/ o; ljhosf] lglZrt ldlt kQf nfUg ;s]sf] 5}g . t/ o; cjlwdf d's'Gb ;]g lhljt}
    /x]sf] x'Fbf of] ljho O{= !%!*!%%# sf] cjlwleq ePsf] xf] cg'dfg 5 -lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt
    ;Kt/L, ;Kt/L lhNnf kfZj{lrq, @)^)_ .
    /fhf d's'Gb ;]g cfgf] a'9];sfndf cfgf] ljzfn /fHonfO{ 5f]/f, gflt / elthfx?df efu nufO{
    lb+bf pgsf sfG5f 5f]/f nf]xf ;]gsf] clwgdf pgn] lht]sf] e"efu kg{ uof] . nf]xf ;]g kl5
    logsf ;Gtfg alnof] /fhf x'g ;s]gg\ . cfk;L snxn] of] /fHo ;;fgf /fHodf 6'lqmof] /
    PskN6 o; /fHosf] Pp6f 7"nf] e"efu k"l0f{ofsf] gjfasf] cwLgdf ;d]t kg{ uPsf] lyof] .
    k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] g]kfnsf] PsLs/0f k|f/De ug'{ eGbf cl3;Dd sf]zLb]lv klZrdsf] k;f{
    lhNnf;Dd dsjfgk'/ /fHo z'e ;]gsf 5f]/f dflgs ;]g /fhf lyP . csf]{lt/, sf]zLb]lv
    l6:6f;Ddsf] ljhok'/sf] /fhf z'e ;]gsf] 5f]/f dlxklt ;]g lyP -lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;Kt/L,
    ;Kt/L lhNnf kfZj{lrq, @)^)_.
    ljhok'/ /fHosf /fhf dlxklt ;]g d/]kl5 pgs} 5f]/f sfdbQ ;]g /fhf lyP . t/ sfdbQ ;]g
    ;kmn /fhf x'g ;s]g . dGqL ljlrq /fO{n] dflgs ;]gsf dflxnf 5f]/f hut ;]gnfO{ ljhok'/sf]
    klg /fhf agfP . hut ;]g lgM;Gtfg ePsf]n] logL kl5 rf}b08L, l;/xf / ;Kt/L Onfsfsf]
    /fHodf logsf efO{ ljqmd ;]g / tL kl5 pgs} 5f]/f s0f{ ;]g /fhf ePlhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt
    ;Kt/L, ;Kt/L lhNnf kfZj{lrq, @)^) .
    To;}avt uf]vf{nL kmf}h sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] ljhokl5 sf]zL If]qsf] ljho ug{ k"j{lt/ nflu
    ;s]sf lyP . k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] jVzL cledfg l;+x a:GoftnfO{ rf}b08Ldf clwsf/ ug{ v6fP .
    t/ ls/ft k|b]z ljho geP;Dd blIf0f a9\g' pko'Qm g7fgL pgnfO{ dsjfgk'/df tof/ eO{ a:g
    cfb]z lbP -lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;Kt/L, ;Kt/L lhNnf kfZj{lrq, @)^)_ .
    ;/bf/ /fds[i0f s'Fj/sf] g]t[Tjdf uPsf] kmf}h km]a|'c/L !&&# ;Dddf c?0fsf] lsgf/;Dd k'u]kl5
    @& d], !&&# df k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] ef/tsf ue{g/ hg/n jf/]g x]l:+6U;nfO{ sfdbQ ;]gnfO{
    if8oGq u/L xTof u/]sf] / ljhok'/ / cDa/k'/ -jt{dfg l;/xf / ;Kt/L_ dfly cj}w ?kdf
    5

    clwsf/ hgdfO{ /fv]sf] x'Fbf a[4 s0f{ /fO{;Fu abnf lng kmf}h k7fpb} 5', pQm k|b]z cfg}
    sAhfdf lng;s] ;fljs adf]lhd gh/fgf k7fpg] 5' eGg] a]xf]/fsf] kq cfgf jlsnx?sf] xft
    lbO{ k7fP -lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;Kt/L, @)^)_. t/ pQm kqsf] pQ/ k|fKt x'g' cl3 g} cledfg
    l;+x a:Goftsf] g]t[Tjdf uf]vf{nL kmf}h rf}b08L ljhosf] nflu cuf8L a9\of] . rf}b08L / To;sf
    t/fO{ efu h;df ;Kt/L / l;/xf kb{5g\ !^ h'nfO{ !&&# df uf]vf{nL kmf}hsf] xft kof] /
    ToxfFsf /fhf s0f{ ;]g efu]/ df]/ cfP -lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;Kt/L, ;Kt/L lhNnf kfZj{lrq,
    @)^) _.
    pko'{Qm @& d], !&&# sf] kqsf] gsf/fTds pQ/ k|fKt gePsf] / #) cS6f]a/ !&&# sf] kqdf
    ueg{/ hg/nn] tkfO{n] k7fPsf kqsf ljifodf cfjZos sfo{jfxL ug]{5' eGg] n]v]sf]af6
    k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] cfb]zdf cledfg l;+x a:Goftn] zq' kIfdf /fd|f] tof/L gePsf] / dWo
    jiff{bsf] ofdkf/L !& h'nfO{, !&&$ df ljhok'/ pk/ xdnf u/]/ Tof] /fHo klg cfgf] xft kf/] .
    of] ljhokl5 c+u|]hx?n] ldqtf sfod /fVg egL ljhok'/ / cDa/k'/ Onfsfaf6 kmf}h x6fpg
    cfu|x u/] / to/ uf]vf{nLx?n] sdjfgk'/ cflbsf ljifodf a'emfpb} cfP em} oL Onfsfsf ljifodf
    klg dfnu'hf/L a'emfpg tof/ ePsf[n] oL Onfsf uf]vf{nLx?sf] clwsf/df cfP/ Oi6 OlG8of
    sDkgLnfO{ s'g} lsl;dsf] xfgL 5}g eGg] hjfkm lbP . o;k|sf/ ljjfb rNb} /x]klg rf}b08L
    /fHosf] dftxtdf /x]sf] ;Kt/L Onfsf ;g\ !&&# b]lv g]kfn clw/fHosf] Ps efusf] ?kdf
    ufleof] -lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;Kt/L, ;Kt/L lhNnf kfZj{lrq, @)^) _.
    kl5 !*!$ O{= df Oi6 OlG8of sDkgL;Fu n8fO{sf sltko sf/0fx?dWo] oL Onfsfx? pk/
    s;sf] lgoGq0f /xg] eGg] s'/f klg b]lvg cfPsf] 5 . @* gf]e]Da/, !*!% df c+u|]hx?n] /fv]sf]
    ;GwL k|:tfjsf] zt{df oL t/fO{ k|b]z pk/ sDkgLs} clwsf/ dfGg' kg]{ / o; jfkt g]kfnnfO{
    jflif{s @ nfv ltg]{ / cf}+nf]n] u|:t of] If]q cfgf] lgoGq0fdf lnO{ kl5;Dd slr+un /fvL
    a'l4dfgL b]v]gg\ / pQm If]q g]kfns} ;Ldf leq kfg]{ / aflif{s @ nfv lbg' gkg]{ u/L ;GwLdf
    ;+zf]wg ug{ dfg]. o; k|sf/ ;g\ !*!^ kl5 dfq jt{dfg ;Kt/L lhNnf / jl/kl/sf t/fO{
    lhNnfx? g]kfnsf] k"0f{ clwsf/df cfPsf] xf] -lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;Kt/L, ;Kt/L lhNnf
    kfZj{lrq, @)^)_ .
    sf]zL gbLsf] af9Ln] w]/} b'Mv lbg] u/]sf]n] ;Ktsf]zLnfO{ ;ft zq' cyjf ;Kt/L c/L -;Kt/L_ sf]
    cke|+zaf6 of] lhNnfsf] gfd ;Kt/L /xg uPsf] eGg] ls+jblGt 5-lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;Kt/L,
    ;Kt/L lhNnf kfZj{lrq, @)^)_.
    csf{ y/Lsf ljfgx?sf cg';f/ ;Kt n] ;ft / t/L n] jgh+unn] 9flsPsf] If]qsf] af]w
    u/fpF5 . ;dtn e"lddf kfOg] k|z:t jgh+un / r'/] kxf8sf] cGt o;} If]qdf x'g] ePsf]n] ;Kt
    t/L nfO{ sfnfGt/df ;Kt/L eGg yflnof] . o:t} ;Kt sf] cy{ ;ft / t/L eGgfn] pAhfp
    e"ld sf] ?kdf klg ;Kt/Lsf] gfdfs/0f ePsf] cg'>'lt 5 . ljleGg k|sf/sf km;nsf] pkh x'g]
    ePsf]n] o; If]qnfO{ ;Kt/L eGg yflnPsf] ls+jblGt 5 -lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;Kt/L, ;Kt/L
    lhNnf kfZj{lrq, @)^)_ .
    s]xL ljfgx?sf cg';f/ w'gL jgdf ;ft Clifx? cfP/ tk:of ub{y] . tL ;KtClifsf] tkf]e"ld
    o; If]qnfO{ sfnfGt/df ;Kt/L eGg yfNof] . w'gLjg ;Kt/L s} Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ wfld{s :yn lyof]
    6

    . k~rfotsfndf ;Kt/Lsf sf]zL kfl/sf If]qx?nfO{ ;'g;/Ldf uflePkl5 w'gLjg klg ;'g;/L
    lhNnfdf kg{ uof] -lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;Kt/L, ;Kt/L lhNnf kfZj{lrq, @)^)_ .
    @=@ ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt, l;dfgf tyf /fhgLlts / k|zf;lgs ljefhg
    l;dfgf
    o; lhNnfsf] k"j{df ;'g;/L, klZrddf l;/xf, pQ/df pbok'/ / blIf0fdf ef/tsf] ljxf/ /fHosf]
    ;'kf}n / dw'jgL lhNnf kb{5g\ . ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] ef}uf]lns l;dfgf o;k|sf/ 5 M pQ/df r'/]
    kj{tsf] kfgL 9nf], klZrddf jnfg gbL / k"j{df sf]zL gbL kb{5g\ . t/ blIf0fdf s'g} k|fs[lts
    l;dfgf 5}g .
    If]qkmn / ef}uf]lns l:ylt
    s'n !#^# ju{ lsnf]ld6/ If]qkmn cf]u6]sf] of] lhNnf ;d'Gb| ;txaf6 ^! ld6/ -@)) lkm6_ b]lv
    #)% ld6/ -!))) lkm6_ pFrfO{df kb{5 . of] lhNnfsf] k"j{klZrd nDafO{ tyf pQ/blIf0f
    rf}8fO{ cfoftfsf/ b]lvG5 . o; lhNnfn] d'n'ssf] )=(# k|ltzt If]qkmn cf]u6]sf] 5 . o;
    lhNnfsf] ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt *^)=@* b]lv *&)=& k"j{ b]zfGt/ / @^)=@% b]lv @^)=$& pQ/
    cIff+zsf] aLrdf kb{5. -lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;Kt/L, ;Kt/L lhNnf kfZj{ lrq, @)^)_
    k|zf;lgs ljefhg
    of] lhNnf (^ uflj;, $ j6f gu/kflnsfx?, !& Onfsf tyf % lgjf{rg If]qdf ljefhg ePsf]
    5 . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] xfn}sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ ( j6f uflj;x? wf]wgk'/, lkk|fk"j{, w/dk'/, ?kgu/,
    hutk'/, 7]lnof, s~rgk'/, jbujf / d/dlemof ldnfP/ s~rg?k gu/kflnsf / ^ j6f
    uflj;x? zDe'gfy, a;jnk'/, df]xgk'/, /fdk'/ hd'jf, vf]S;/ k|jfx / k+uxf ldnfP/ zDe'gfy
    gu/kfln / kmQ]k'/,cf]b|xf / sdnk'/ lnP/ ;Ksf]zL gu/kflnsf agfOPsf] 5 . lhNnfsf] ljsf;
    / k|zf;lgs ljefhgnfO{ tflnsf g+= @=! df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=2.1:lhNNffsf] k|zf;lgs ljefhg
    ;+;bLo
    lgjf{rg If]q
    g+=
    !

    !
    @
    #
    $
    %
    ^

    uflj
    ;
    ;+Vof
    ^
    ^
    ^
    ^
    &
    *

    &

    &

    *
    (
    !)
    !!

    %
    %
    $
    %

    Onfsf
    g+=

    uflj;sf gfd
    uf]a/uf9f, xg'dfggu/, ef/bx, kf]tf{xf, dwjfk'/, hf]lulgofF @
    dogfs8]/L, j}/jf, jsw'jf, lqsf}n, nf]xhf/f, l8dg
    kmQ]k'/, lkk|fk"j{, 3f]3gk'/, hutk'/, sdnk'/, cf]b|fxf
    s+rgk'/,?kgu/,jbufdf, 7]lnof,w/dk'/,/dlemof
    k|;jgL, 8f9f, ks/L, uf]O7L, xl/x/k'/, ;Ltfk'/, h08f}n
    eujtk'/, jygfxf, dxb]jf, hf]lulgofF !, Ogjf{, jegufdfsL, b]p/L
    e?jf, sf]= dw]k'/f
    sf]= a;f{Og, lj;xl/of, sf]Onf8L, nf}lgof, ;s/k'/f, ltnf7L,
    /Dk'/fdNxlgofF
    l5Ggd:tf, nfnfkL, kmls/f, sf]rfjvf/L, a/xL lj/k'/
    af]l/of, l;d|fxfl;+Uof}g, dn]sk'/, hd'gL dw]k'/f, O6x/L lji0f'k'/
    km;}{7, dn]7, lb3jf, /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsf
    gs6L/fok'/, s6}of, a;laL, t]/xf}tf, vf]S;/ k|jfxf
    7

    ;+;bLo
    lgjf{rg If]q
    g+=
    $

    Onfsf
    g+=
    !@
    !#
    !$

    !%
    !^
    !&

    uflj
    ;
    uflj;sf gfd
    ;+Vof
    * jg}lgof, g3f]{, em'6sL, e'txL, t/xL, kftf], cf}/xL, v8sk'/
    * j]NxL rk]gf, sljnf;f, cgf{xf, uDxl/of k|jfxf, jgf}nf, jgf}nL, a|Xdk'/,
    kTy/uf8f
    * Ogjf{ km"nj8Lof, /fdk'/hd'jf, d}gf;xif{jfx', zDe'gfy,j;jnk'/, e+uxf,
    sNof0fk'/, df]xgk'/
    ( dfg/fhf, /fdgu/, sfrg, df}jfxf, km"nsfxL, b]p/L, /f}tx6, j]NxL,
    af]b]a;fO{g
    * ;f/:j/, vf]hk'/, g]u8f, k6]jf{, l;:jfj]NxL, wgu9L, dNxlgofF, l6s'lnof
    ( xl/x/k'/, s'zxf, k+;]/f, bf}ntk'/, xlb{of, jg/e'mnf, dnxGdf, dw'kL,
    lkk|fklZrd

    ;|f]tM lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;Kt/L, ;Kt/L lhNnf kfZj{lrq, @)^)


    @=# gu/kflnsf-zx/Ls/0f / a:tL ljsf;sf] :j?k_
    @=$ e"If]q-6f]kf]u|fkmL, le/fnf]kg_
    e"agf}6sf] cfwf/df of] lhNnfsf] pQ/df b'g / r'/] If]q To;eGbf tn efj/ k|b]z blIf0fdf
    t/fO{sf] ;dy/ e"efu kb{5 . o; ;DaGwL :yfgfut ;"rgf ljleGg gS;fx?df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5
    .
    r'/] If]q
    of] If]q #%) ld6/ -!))) lkm6_ b]lv ^!) ld6/ -@))) lkm6_ ;Ddsf] prfO{df /x]sf] 5. o;
    lhNnfsf] clwsfFz jg If]q o;} efudf kb{5 . lhNnfsf] !( uflj;x? o; If]q;Fu hf]l8Psf 5g\
    . of] If]qdf anf}6] 9'+uf / v's'nf] df6f]sf] ;ld>0f /x]sf]n] ef}uflns lx;fan] sdhf]/ / cl:y/
    /x]sf] 5 . oxfF ;txL df6f]sf] k/t kftnf] / kfgL ;f:g] Ifdtfdf sdL ePsf] x'Fbf jiff{tsf]
    df};ddf kfgLsf] axfj clws x'g] / o; If]qaf6 aUg] vf]nfn] ;txL df6f] aufpg], klx/f] hfg],
    gbL s6fg ug]{ tyf pj{/f hldg afn'jfn] k'g]{ ub{5 .
    efj/ If]q
    r'/]sf] km]bL efunfO{ efj/ If]q elgG5 . o; efudf cfP/ h+un ;dfKt x'g] / le7 hldg kb{5 .
    o; If]qdf ;'Vvf u|fe]n ldl;Psf] df6f] kfOg], hldg ;txdf kfgLsf] cefj / hldg d'lgaf6
    kfgL lgsfNg Hofb} sl7g x'gfn] of] efu w]/}h;f] ;'Vvf /xg] ub{5 .
    t/fO{ If]q
    of] If]q ;dy/ 5 . o; efudf k|foM bf]d6 afSnf] k/t ePsf] df6f] kfOG5 . vf]nf gbLsf] 5]pdf
    7"nf] u|fe]n ldl;Psf] anf}6] df6f] kfOG5 . o; If]qsf] e"ld pj{/ ePsf]n] s[lif, afujfgL,
    dT:okfng cflbsf] nflu pko'Qm /x]sf] 5 . o; If]qdf r'/] tkm{af6 cfpg] gbL, vx/]sf] sf/0fn]
    s6fg, af9L cflbsf] ;d:ofn] s[lif of]Uo e"ld afn'jfn] k'g]{ u/]sf] 5 .
    8

    @=% e"ldsf] le/fnf]kg


    hldgsf] le/fnf]kg hlt a9L x'G5 e"Ifosf] ;Defjgf Tolt g} a9L x'G5 . kof{j/0fLo b[li6sf]0fn]
    !* k|ltzt ;Ddsf] le/fnf]kg hldgdf -() l8u|LnfO{ ztk|ltzt le/fnf]kg dfGbf_ Go"gtd e"
    Ifo x'g] ub{5 -/fof]cf @)%&, k[= #)_ .
    ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] ^% k|ltzt e"ld ! l8u|L eGbf sd, !! k|ltzt ! b]lv %, @ k|ltzt e"ld %
    b]lv @) / @@ k|ltzt @) eGbf a9L l8u|L le/fnf]kg ePsf] 5 . o;sf] If]qkmn tn tflnsf g+=
    @=@ df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . hldgsf] le/fnf]kg ;DaGwL ;"rgf gS;fdf b]vfOPsf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=2.2M e"ldsf] le/fnf]kg
    qm=;+= le/fnf]kg -l8u|Ldf_
    1

    2
    3
    4

    If]qkmn -x]S6/df_
    89,018

    ! eGbf sd
    !%
    % @)
    @) eGbf a9L
    hDdf

    k|ltzt
    65

    15,062

    11

    2,301

    29,839

    22

    136,220

    100

    ;|f]tM lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, ;Kt/L, ;Kt/L lhNnf kfZj{lrq, @)^) .

    @=^ df6f]sf] agfj6 tyf pj{/fzlQm


    o; lhNnfdf hldgsf] pkof]usf] lsl;dn] df6f]sf] agfj6nfO{ s[lif e"ld, ag, s[lif jg / u[id
    t/sf/L u/L lgDgfg';f/tflnsf g+= @=# df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=2.3Mdf6f]sf] agfj6
    qm=;+= e"ldsf] ljj/0f
    1
    s[lif e"ld
    2
    jg
    3
    s[lif jg
    4
    u[id t/sf/L

    If]qkmn -x]S6/df_
    79,519

    hDdf

    k|ltzt
    55

    42,604

    34

    3,950

    10,147

    1,36,220

    100

    ;|f]tM lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;Kt/L, ;Kt/L lhNnf kfZj{lrq, @)^) .


    @=& e"Ifo ;Defljt If]q
    gbL s6fg, af9Lsf] k|sf]k / r'/] If]qdf x'g] e"Ifo o; lhNnfsf k|fs[lts / jftfj/0fLo e"
    Ifosf sf/0f x'g\ . o;sf ;fy} sf]zL, vfF8f], dfx'nL, ;'Gb/L, v8s h:tf gbLx?af6 lhNnfsf w]/}
    :yfgx?df gbL s6fgaf6 e"Ifo x'g] u/]sf] 5 . o; lhNnfdf e"Ifoaf6 k|efljt :yfgx? lgDg
    tflnsf g+= @=$ / gS;fdf bzf{OPsf] 5 .

    tflnsf g+=2.4M e"Ifosf sf/0f / k|efljt uflj;


    qm=;+=
    !
    @
    #
    $
    %
    ^
    &
    *
    (
    !)
    !!
    !@
    !#
    !$
    !%
    !^
    !&
    !*
    !(

    e"Ifosf sf/0f
    k|efljt uflj;x?
    r'/] If]qdf x'g] jg ljgf; kmQ]k'/, w/dk'/, e+uxf, xlb{of, sdnk'/, 7]lnof, sNof0fk'/, lkk|fklZrd,
    / e":vng
    3f]3gk'/, jsw'jf, vf]hk'/, ?kgu/, h08f}n, l;tfk'/, gsl6/fok'/,
    vf]S;/ k|jfxf, s'zxf, dw'kl6, bf}ntk'/
    sf]zL gbLaf6 x'g] s6fg cf]b|fxf, j}/jf, uf]a/uf9f, sdnk'/, kf]tf{xf, 3f]3gk'/, ef/bx, lkk|fk"j{,
    hutk'/, abufdf, hf]lulgofF, xg'dfgggu/, /Dk'/f dNxlgofF
    ;Gb/L vf]nfaf6 s6fg
    w/dk'/, 7]lnof, ?kgu/, a/dlemof
    dfx'nL vf]nfaf6 s6fg
    jsw'jf, a}/jf, kf]tf{xf, h08f}n, nf]xhf/f, d}gfs8]/L, lqsf}n,
    a/dlemof, 7]lnof
    vfF8f] vf]nfaf6 s6fg
    vf]S;/k|afxf, gsl6/fok'/, t]/xf}tf, a;lal, xl/x/k'/, lb3jf, ks/L,
    /fhlj/fh, dxb]jf, km;}{7, b]p/L e?jf, lj;xl/of, nf}lgof, ltnf7L,
    nnfkL, aegufdfsL, ;s/k'/f
    v8s vf]nfaf6 s6fg
    ag/em'nf, sNof0fk'/, d}gf;x;|afx', g]u8f, Og?jfkm'nal/of,
    af]b]j;fOg, agf}nL, dfg/fhf, sljnf;f, v8sk'/, kftf], t/xL, cf}/xL,
    e'txL
    anfg vf]nfaf6 s6fg
    lkk|fklZrd, xlb{of, bf}ntk'/, dw'kl6, xl/x/, dnxgdf, l6s'lnof,
    k6]jf{, dnxlgof, df}jfxf, a]lNx
    sh/f vf]nfaf6 s6fg
    a;jnk'/, zDe'gfy, kTy/uf9f, cgf{xf, uDxl/of k|jfxf
    d'tgL vf]nfaf6 s6fg
    s6}of, kTy/uf9f, a]NxL rk]gf, g3f}{
    3f]/bx vf]nfaf6 s6fg
    hd'gL dw]k'/f, dn]sk'/, af]/Lof, l;d|fxfl;+Uof}g, O{=lji0f'k'/, l5Ggd:tf
    en'jfxL vf]nfaf6 s6fg /fhlj/fh gkf j8f g+= !, *, (, ljifxl/of, O{= lji0f'k'/
    u+ufhnL vf]nfaf6 s6fg sdnk'/, cf]b|fxf, 3f]3gk'/
    lhtf vf]nfaf6 s6fg
    aegufdfsL, xg'dfggu/, Ogjf{, sf]= a;f{Og
    ;'/+uf vf]nfaf6 s6fg
    s'zxf, xl/k'/, l6s'lnof, k6]jf{
    kf}8f vf]nfaf6 s6fg
    3f]3gk'/, lkk|fk"j{
    ljx'n vf]nfaf6 s6fg
    k6]jf{, dNxlgofF, /f}tx6, /fdgu/
    kmfFrL vf]nfaf6 s6fg
    a;jnk'/, /fdk'/, hd'jf, cgf{xf, agf}nL, sljnf;f, kftf]
    l;+x]Zj/ vf]nfaf6 s6fg k+;]/f, jg/em'nf, l;:jfj]NxL
    cdxf vf]nfaf6 s6fg
    k+;]/f, dnxgdf, k6]jf{, dNxlgofF, l;:jfj]NxL

    ;|f]tM lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, ;Kt/L, ;Kt/L lhNnf kfZj{lrq, @)^) .

    @=* hnjfo'
    ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] xfjfkfgL pi0f k|b]z cGtu{t kb{5 . oxfF uld{df clt uld{ / hf8f]df clt hf8f]
    x'g] ub{5 . clwstd tfks|d $@) ;]N;Lo; / Go'gtd tfks|d &) ;]N;Lo; /xg] ub{5 . h]7
    b]lv efb| ;Dd jiff{ / d+l;/ b]lv df3 ;Ddsf] hnjfo' 708f x'g] ub{5 . oxfF hf8f] ofddf
    t'iff/f] kg{] ub{5 . t'iff/f]sf sf/0fn] lhNnfsf] s[lif If]qnfO{ c;/ kfb{5 . oxfF cf}ift jfl{ifs jiff{
    !#)* ld=ld= b]lv @)#& ld=ld= ;Dd x'g] ub{5 . o; lhNnfdf aiff{ ofddf al9 / hf8f] ofddf
    sd cfb|{tf /xG5 . oxfFsf] ;fk]lIft cfb|{tf ^ b]lv *$ ;Dd /x]sf] kfOG5 . dfl;s tfkqmd
    ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= @=% df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

    10

    tflnsf g+=2.5M dfl;s tfkqmd, @)^*, -l8u|L ;]lG6u|]8_


    qm=;=
    dlxgf
    clwstd
    Go"gtd qm=;= dlxgf
    clwstd Go"gtd
    ! hgj/L
    20.0
    7.5
    & h'nfO{
    33.8
    26.5
    @ km/j/L
    27
    10.2
    * cui6
    33
    26.5
    # dfr{
    32.1
    32.1
    ( ;]K6]Da/
    32.5
    25.9
    $ clk|n
    35.2
    21
    !) cS6f]a/
    32.3
    22.8
    % dO{
    34
    23.7
    !! gf]e]Da/
    29.3
    16.3
    ^ h'g
    34.2
    25.8
    !@ l8;]Da/
    22.1
    11.6
    ;|f]tM GoN/MoAD/Agri-Business Promotion and Statistics Division, Statistics Section, Statistical
    Information on Nepalese Agriculture 2011/012, Table 11.13

    @=( hne08f/
    o; lhNnfdf gbLgfnf, kf]v/Lx? Pj+ bxx? hne08f/sf] ?kdf /x]sf 5g\ .
    gbLgfnf
    k|d'v gbLgfnfx?df sf]zL, lqo'uf, vf08f}+, dx'nL, jnfg, ljx'n, ;8s, 3f]8bx, cd;f]t, ;'?,
    rxs, d'rgL, cflb /x]sf 5g\ . oL gbLx? dWo] sf]zL / lqo'uf ;bfjxf/ gbLx? x'g\ . sf]zL gbL
    lhNnfsf] k"jf{ l;dfgfsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . lhNnf leq sf]zL gbLsf] nDafO{ s/La $@ lsnf]ld6/
    5 . of] gbLaf6 k"jL{ / klZrdL gx/ lgsflnPsf] 5 . lqo'uf gbL lhNnfsf] k"jL{ efusf] pQ/df
    kb{5 . of] gbL pbok'/ lhNnf x'Fb} ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] kmQ]k'/ / cf]b|fxf uflj;df cfP/ sf]zL gbLdf
    ldN5 . o; gbLaf6 rGb| gx/ lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 .
    bx
    k|d'v bxx?df nf]xhf/f bx, sh/f bx, u8xL bx x'g\ .
    kf]v/L
    o; lhNnfdf ;fgf 7"nf u/L hDdf @##@ j6 kf]v/L /x]sf 5g\ h;dWo] !%(% lghL / &#&
    ;fj{hlgs 5g\ .
    @=!) lhNnfsf dxTjk"0f{ wfld{s, k'/ftflTjs / P]ltxfl;s :yfg
    xg'dfggu/
    ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] ;aeGbf k'/fgf] zx/ xg'dfggu/ xf] . lj=;+= @))) b]lv ;Kt/Lsf] ;b/d'sfd
    xg'dfggu/ lyof] . xg'dfggu/ xg'dfg dlGb/sf] gfdaf6 /flvPsf] xf] . xg'dfggu/ /fhlj/fh
    b]lv !@ lsnf]ld6/ k"j{ sf]zL gbLsf] klZrdL t6aGwsf] 5]pdf :yflkt 5 .
    xg'dfggu/sf] xg'dfg dlGb/ s;f}6Lsf] kTy/n] lgld{t 5 . o; dlGb/sf] sfn lgwf{/0f ug{
    ;lsPsf] 5}g . oBlk of] dlGb/ ;of} jif{ k'/fgf] /x]sf] cg'dfg 5 . xg'dfggu/ uflj; j8f g+= &
    lnnhf 6f]ndf ;of}+ jif{ k'/fgf] P]ltxfl;s Ogf/ 5 . Ogf/sf] O{sf] nDafO{ @% / @@, rf}8fO{
    % / prfO{ #=% 5 -lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;Kt/L, ;Kt/L lhNnf kfZj{lrq, @)^)_ .

    11

    l5Ggd:tf
    gfGob]jsf] j+zdf kfFrf} k':tfdf zqml;+x /fhf ePsf] lyP . logsf] /fHosfn ;g\ !@&% b]lv
    !#)& ;Dd dflgPsf] 5 . /fhf zqml;+xn] cfgf] a'9];sfndf 5f]/f xl/l;+x b]jnfO{ cfgf]
    hgk|ltlglw agfO{ cfkm" z]if hLjg latfpg ;Kt/L cfPsf lyP eGg] ljZjf; ul/G5 . log} /fhf
    zqmb]j l;+xn] cfgf s'nb]jL zqm]Zj/Lsf], hf] l5Ggd:tf eujtLsf] gfdn] k|l;4 l5g\, :yfkgf
    u/L dlGb/ agfPsf lyP -lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;Kt/L, ;Kt/L lhNnf kfZj{lrq, @)^)_ .
    dfg/fhf
    dfg/fhf ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ P]ltxfl;s :yfg xf] . dfg/fhf /fhf dfgb]jsf]
    k|zf;lgs OsfO{ ePsf] cg'dfg 5 . dfgb]jnfO{ afns /fhf b]v]/ klxn]sf jzjtL{ k"j{sf ;fdGt
    klZrd u08sL kf/L dNnk'/sf ;fdGt :jtGq x'gsf] nflu dfgb]jsf] lj?4 p7\g yfn] . dfgb]j
    afns ePklg k/fqmdL / ;fx;L lyP . pgn] cfdfsf] cf1f lnO{ kmf}h ;fy k"j{sf ;fdGt bdg
    ug{ lg:s]sf lyP . k"j{sf ;fdGt sHofpg pgnfO{ ufx|f] k/]g -lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;Kt/L,
    ;Kt/L lhNnf kfZj{lrq, @)^)_ .
    rGb|efuf
    ;Kt/L If]qdf !% cf}+ ztfAbLdf rGb|s]t' gfdsf /fhf ePsf] ljZjf; ul/G5 . log} /fhfn] jt{dfg
    ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] pQ/ k"j{df /fhdfu{ glhs kg]{ wd{k'/ ufpFb]lv sl/a % lsnf]ld6/ pQ/df kg]{
    r'/] kj{t dfly pgsf s'nb]jL rGb|efuf eujtLsf] :yfkgf u/]sf lyP eGg] ljZjf; ul/G5 . pQm
    dlGb/sf] eUgfjz]if cBflk 5Fb}5 . o;} dlGb/sf] Pp6f :tDe zDe'gfy egL k"hf ug]{ rng 5 .
    of] zDe'gfy :tDe srGbxf ufpFdf :yflkt 5 -lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;Kt/L, ;Kt/L lhNnf
    kfZj{lrq, @)^)_ .
    /fhf agf}nL
    o; If]qdf b|f]0fjf/ /fhf k/flbTo gfdsf /fhf lyP . jt{dfg jgf}nL eGg] :yfgdf /x]sf]
    eUgfjz]if logsf] /fhwfgL xf] eGg] ljZjf; ul/G5 . oL /fhf d}lynLsf k|l;4 slj ljBfkltsf
    ;dsflng lyP / pgn] lnvgfjnL gfdsf] cfgf] u|Gy oxL a;]/ n]v]sf x'g\ eGg] ls+jblGt 5g\ .
    agf}nL eGg] :yfg /fhlj/fhb]lv !^ lsnf]ld6/ klZrd / dx]Gb| /fhdfu{b]lv @) lsnf]ld6/
    blIf0fdf kb{5 -lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;Kt/L, ;Kt/L lhNnf kfZj{lrq, @)^) _.
    lu uof
    dx]Gb| /fhdfu{b]lv % lsnf]ld6/ pQ/kLsf] r'/] kxf8 leq lu4vf]/f eGg] :yfg 5 . o; :yfgdf
    a'9f ePsf lu4x? dg]{ a]nfdf dfG5]x? sfzLjf; eP h:t} logLx? klg oxfF em'08df a;]sf]
    kfOG5 -/fhlj/fh gu/kflnsf, @)%#, k[= ^_ .
    lji0f' dlGb/
    ?kgu/ uflj; j8f g+= % dLn 6f]ndf zfnLu|fd zLnfsf] lji0f' d'lt{sf] jl/kl/ bz cjtf/sf
    d"lt{x? 5g\ . of] d"lt{ @))! ;fndf u'hfO{ ofbj eGg] JolQn] 3/ agfpg vDaf ufl8/x]sf] avt
    3f]lK6Psf] cj:yfdf km]nf k/]sf] lyof] . of] d"lt{ sl/a @^ ;o jif{ k'/fgf] ePsf] cg'dfg 5 .
    @)#% ;fndf dlGb/sf] lgdf{0f ePsf] xf] .
    12

    /fhb]jL dlGb/
    o;} dlGb/sf] gfdaf6 /fhlj/fh gfd /flvPsf] 5 . /fhlj/fh j8f g+= ( df /fhb]jL eujtL
    hldg d'gL vfN8f]df lj/fhdfg 5 . @)%# ;fndf dlGb/sf] lh0ff}{4f/ ubf{ pTvggaf6 ljleGg
    k|sf/sf d"lt{x? e]l6Psf] s'/faf6 of] :yfg clt k|flrg /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
    /fhb]jL dlGb/ ;]g /fhfsf] Oi6b]jL /x]s] s'/f Oltxf;sf/x?sf] egfO{ 5 . o:t} dlGb/
    dsjfgk'/u9Ldf 5 h;df lznfsf] k"hf ul/G5 / ;f] dlGb/nfO{ /fhb]jL dlGb/ elgG5 . Tof]
    dlGb/ dsjfgk'/s]f ;]g /fhfsf] Oi6b]jL/fhb]jLsf] lyof] . o; b[li6sf]0fn] /fhlj/fhsf] /fhb]jL
    dlGb/ ;]gsflng ePsf] cg'dfg 5 -lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;Kt/L, ;Kt/L lhNnf kfZj{lrq,
    @)^)_.
    7]lnof dlGb/
    of] dlGb/ dx]Gb| /fhdfu{ l;d/f rf}s b]lv @ ls=dL= blIf0fdf :yflkt 5 . oxfF lzvx?sf] u'?
    u|Gy /flvPsf] 5 . k|To]s jif{ sflt{s / df3 PsfbzLdf oxfF 7"nf] d]nf nfUb5 . v8]/L kbf{
    ;Kt/Lsf] k|zf;g k|d'vn] o; dlGb/df k"hf u/]klg kfgL kg]{ ls+jblGt 5 . -lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt
    ;Kt/L, ;Kt/L lhNnf kfZj{lrq, @)^)_ .
    ehg]Zj/ gfy
    of] dlGb/ uflj; 3f]3gk'/ j8f g+= ! df :yflkt 5 . @)$) ;fn efb| $ ut] ehg rf}w/Ln] v]t
    vGbf avt lzj kfj{tLsf] clt ;'Gb/ d"lt{ km]nfk/]sf] lyof] . ehg eGg] JolQmn] km]nf kfl/Psf]
    x'gfn] o;nfO{ ehg]Zj/gfy eGg yflnof] . lzj kfj{tLsf] ;fydf 8d?, a;xf, lqz'n, gfu, af3
    / wy'/sf km"n ;d]t /x]sf 5g\ . -lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;Kt/L, ;Kt/L lhNnf kfZj{lrq, @)^)_ .
    zDe'gfy dlGb/
    of] dlGb/ dx]Gb| /fhdfu{ b]lv ! lsnf]ld6/ blIf0fdf :yflkt 5 . zDe'gfy eujfg lzjsf]
    k|ltssf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . k|To]s jif{ j}zfv ! ut]b]lv d;fGt;Dd gjjif{ d]nf oxfF nfUb5 . o;}
    dlGb/sf] gfd zDe'gfy uflj; /flvPsf] xf] .
    s+sflngL dlGb/
    ef/bx uflj;sf] k"j{ 5]pdf sf]zL klZrdL t6aGw;+u} dx]Gb| /fhdfu{sf] pQ/kl of] dlGb/
    :yflkt 5 . a}/jfsf] latf{jfn pbofgGb kl08tnfO{ eujtLn] ;kgf lbFbf pgn] h+undf
    eujtLsf] d"lt{ vf]Hg cfgf dflg; k6fpFbf sfnLsf] d"lt{ km]nf k/]sf] lyof] . /f+ufsf] anLsf]
    nflu of] eujtL k|l;4 5 . anL k|bfg ubf{ au]sf] /ugdf lem+uf nfUb}g eGg] s'/faf6 eujtLsf]
    k/fqmd b]lvG5-lhNNff ljsf; ;ldlt ;Kt/L, ;Kt/L lhNnf kfZj{lrq, @)^) _ .
    demf} eujtL
    demf} af]l/of uflj; j8f g+= ( sf] Pp6f ufpF xf] . oxfF eujtLsf] dlGb/ 5 . x}hf / cGo
    dxfdf/L km}lnPsf] a]nf afhfufhf ;lxt lhNnfsf ljleGg ufpFaf6 eujtLsf] k"hf ug]{ k/Dk/f 5
    .

    13

    alnof d7
    8f9f uflj;cGtu{t alnof ufpFdf eujtL :yfg 5 h'gsL @&% jif{ k'/fgf] /x]sf] cg'dfg 5 .
    lbgfeb|L dlGb/
    of] dlGb/ s6}of uflj;df :yflkt 5 . d';x/ hfltsf b'O{ anjfg bfh'efO{ lbgf / eb|Lsf]
    gfdaf6 of] dlGb/ :yflkt 5 .
    ls;gf/fd d/f}6L
    dx]Gb| /fhdfu{b]lv em08} !@ lsnf]ld6/ pQ/ r'l/of dxf8df d'xnL vf]nfsf] lsgf/df
    ls;gf/fdsf] yfg 5 . ls;gf/fd / ;f]j/0f b'O{ zlQmzfnL bfh'efO{ lyP . logLx? ob'j+zL lyP .
    ufO{uf]? / e}+;Lsf] b]ptfsf] ?kdf o;sf] k"hf ul/G5 . h+undf ufO{ e}+;L r/fpFbf ;nx]; l;tsf]
    n8fO{df dfl/Psf lyP / dfl/Psf 7fpFnfO{ ls;gf/fd d/f}6L elgG5 eGg] hgljZjf; 5 .
    sh/f 7fs'/
    sh/f 7fs'/ uflj; k|;jgL j8f g+= ( df kb{5 . bx h;nfO{ sh/f bx elgG5 To;sf] dWodf
    sh/f 7fs'/s] yfg cjl:yt 5 . sh/f bxs} ;Ldfleq Ogf/sf] v08x/ klg 5 / To; If]qdf
    xnf] hf]Tbf / sf]bfnf]n] vGbf clt k|flrgtd efF8fs'8fx? e]lbPsf] ufpFn]x? atfpF5g\ . xfn oxfF
    ;fd'bflos jg 5 . oxfF k|To]s gj jif{sf] lbg d]nf nfU5 .
    d+h'/gL vftf
    d+h/' gL vftf df6f]sf] pRrf] afFwsf] cjz]if xf] . of] clt k|flrg :yn xf] . d+h"/gL vftfsf]
    cjz]if ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] sdnk'/ uflj; cf]b|fxfdf /x]sf] 5 . k|frLg sfndf zf;sx?sf] d+h"/L ;xdlt_ af6 r'/] If]qb]lv u+uf gbL;Dd cfjt hfjt ug{ d"n dfu{sf] ?kdf df6f]sf] pRrf]
    afFwsf] cjz]if ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] sdnk'/ uflj; cf]b|fxf ufpFdf 5 eg] ef/tsf] laxf/ k|fGtsf]
    ;dbf c/xfdf klg ljBdfg 5 . o;/L zf;sx?sf] d+h"/L lnP/ agfPsf] ;f] dfu{sf] cjz]ifnfO{
    d+h"/gL vftf elgPsf] 5 . ;f] d+h"/gL vftfsf] afFwsf] lgdf{0f ;]g j+zLo ljhok'/sf] dxdlt ;]g,
    k;f{b]lv sf]zL If]q;Ddsf /fh dl0fs ;]g / rf}b08Lsf /fhf hut ;]gsf] d+h"/Ln] lgdf{0f
    ul/Psf] cg'dfg ul/G5 -lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt;Kt/L, ;Kt/L lhNnf kfZj{lrq,@)^)_.
    sgskL kvf{n
    of] kvf{n @)%$ ;fndf sgsL ufpF eGbf pQ/lt/ -dx]Gb| /fhdfu{sf] 6flkms rf}s b]lv pQ/_
    r'/] 8fF8fdf gbL s6fg x'Fbf pTvgg ePsf] xf] . r'/] 8fF8faf6 lg:sg] gbLn] s6fg ubf{ Pp6f
    kvf{nsf] v08 lg:Sof] . of] kvf{n cToGt snfTds 5 . of] kvf{n s'g} ;]gsflng dlGb/sf]
    kvf{n x'g];Sg] cg'dfg 5 . lsgsL r'/] 8fF8fdf ;]gsflng cjz]if 5 -lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt,
    ;Kt/L, ;Kt/L lhNnf kfZj{lrq, @)^)_.
    rGb|b]jL kf]v/L
    uflj; em'6sL j8f g+= # df @@ lj3fdf Pp6f P]ltxfl;s kf]v/L 5 . h;nfO{ rGb|b]jL kf]v/L
    elgG5 . o:t} uflj; /f}tx6 j8f g+= @ df !* lj3df Pp6f k|flrg sfnsf] kf]v/L 5 .

    14

    k|d'v dlGb/
    k/Dk/fjfbL wfld{s ;dfh ePsf]n] kl/jf/ lkR5} s'n b]jtf / ufpF Pj+ 6f]n lkR5} l8xjf/ /x]sf
    5g] . ;Dk"0f{ b]jL b]jtfsf :yfgx?dWo] s]xL dxTjk"0f{ b]jtfsf dlGb/x?sf] ;+Vof tnsf] tflnsf
    g+= ^df b]vfPsf] 5 .
    tflnsf cg';f/ ;aeGbf a9L dlGb/ ;+Vof /fdhfgsLsf] /x]sf] 5 . /fdhfgsL dlGb/ !@( j6f
    5g\ eGg] eujtL dlGb/ !)* j6f 5g\ . o:t} dxfb]j dlGb/ &) j6f 5g\ . oL dlGb/x? afx]s
    hftL / wd{sf] cfwf/df ljleGg k|sf/sf b]jL b]jtfsf :yfg / dlGb/x? /x]sf 5g\ . h:t} M ;n]if
    :yfg, ;f]l;of yfg, lbgfeb|L, 8u/Lg yfg, /fhfhL :yfg, k~rsGof, 8fsgL :yfg cflb . ;Kt/L
    lhNnfdf wfld{s :yfgx?, ;fj{hlgs :yfgx? / d7dlGb/ lgdf{0f ug]{, lh0ff}{4f/ ug]{ a9L hg
    rf;f] /x]sf 5g\ . To;}n] d7 dlGb/sf] lgdf{0fdf lbgfg' lbg a[l4 eO{/x]sf] 5 . o:tf dlGb/x?sf]
    lgdf{0f lghL / ;/sf/L nfutdf ;d]t eO{/x]sf] 5 . lhNnfdf /x]sf k|d'v wfld{s :yfg / ;+Vof
    ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= @=^ df pNn]v 5 .
    tflnsf g+=2.6M ;Kt/L lhNnfsf k|dv
    ' wfld{s :yfg / ;+Vof
    qm=;+=
    !
    @
    #
    $
    %
    ^
    &
    *

    wfld{s :yfgsf] gfd


    /fdhfgsL dlGb/
    eujtL dlGb/:yfg
    dxfb]j dlGb/:yfg
    xg'dfg dlGb/
    s[i0f dlGb/
    /fwfs[i0f dlGb/
    nIdLgf/fo0f dlGb/
    lji0f' dlGb/
    hDdf

    ;+Vof
    !@(
    !)*
    &)
    @%
    #
    !)
    !)
    $
    #%(

    ;|f]tM lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, ;Kt/L, @)^)


    af}4 :t'k
    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf af}4 wdf{jnDaLx? $=^*& 5g\ . t/ af}4 :t'ksf] ;+Vof guGo 5 . k|;jgL
    dfWolds ljBfnosf] k|f+u0fdf xl/x/k'/ uflj; j8f g+= ! dl6u9L ufpFdf Pp6f af}4 :t'k 5 .
    ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] cGo efudf af}4 :t'k 5}g -s]=t=lj= @)^*_.
    dl:hb
    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf d'l:nd -O:nfd_ wdf{jnDaLsf] ;+Vof *=() /x]sf] 5 . o; lhNnfdf
    d';ndfgsf] wfld{s :yfg d:hLb d';ndfgsf] j:tL lkR5} /x]sf 5g\ . t/ k|d'v d:hLx?df
    /fhlj/fhsf] d:hLb, hub/L, ynxL, ;f/;/ nfnfkL, ?kgL, sNof0fk'/, s';xf, l6s'lgof, rgf}/f,
    ks/L cflb ufpFx?df kSsL dl:hb /x]sf 5g\ -s]=t=lj=, @)^*_.

    15

    3.

    v08#M hg;+Vof ljj/0f tyf k|If]k0f

    #=! uflj; tyf gu/kflnsfsf] hg;+Vofsf] cfsf/


    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf cjl:yt ;a} uflj;x?, gu/kflnsf / ;+:yfutsf] hgu0fgf @))!-@)%*_ /
    hgu0fgf @)!! -@)^*_ sf] cf};t 3/w'/L cfsf/, hDdf 3/3'/L ;+Vof, dlxnf / k'?ifsf]
    hg;+Vofsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f tflnsf g+= #=! df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=3.1M hg;+Vofsf] cfsf/ -uflj; tyf gu/kflnsf :t/sf]_
    hgu0fgf @))!
    hDdf
    k'?if
    hg;+Vof

    cgf{xf
    cf}/fxL
    abufdf
    a}/jf

    cf}ift
    3/w'/L
    cfsf/
    5.64
    5.01
    5.69
    5.89

    hDdf
    3/w'/L
    ;+Vof
    819
    914
    714
    665

    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15

    aSwpjf
    adgufdfsL
    agOlgof
    ag/em'nf
    agf}nf
    agf}nL
    a/dlemof
    a;}{g -sf]=_
    a;ank'/
    a;a6L
    aygfxf

    5.65
    5.92
    6.56
    5.69
    6.26
    5.87
    5.55
    6.23
    5.50
    5.86
    5.54

    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25

    a]NxL
    a]NxLrk]gf
    eujtk'/
    efxf
    ef/bx
    e'6xL
    jL/k'/ a/xL
    la;xl/of
    af]8]a;L{g
    af]l/of

    6.09
    6.30
    4.00
    4.85
    6.38
    5.62
    6.07
    5.98
    6.83
    5.49

    26

    a|Xdk'/

    5.73

    814

    4662

    2324

    2338

    5.27

    27
    28

    l5Ggd:tf
    8fwf

    6.12
    5.41

    1426
    946

    8729
    5122

    4499
    2588

    4230
    2534

    5.29
    6.00

    29

    bf}ntk'/

    5.26

    834

    4387

    2134

    2253

    30
    31
    32
    33
    34
    35

    b]p/L
    b]p/Ld?jf
    wgu9L
    w/dk'/
    wf]wgk'/
    l8wjf

    4.78
    5.91
    4.88
    5.22
    5.29
    5.66

    803
    499
    956
    908
    923
    612

    3841
    2950
    4667
    4738
    4879
    3461

    1960
    1522
    2333
    2391
    2388
    1776

    1881
    1428
    2334
    2347
    2491
    1685

    qm=;++

    uflj;gkf

    1
    2
    3
    4

    dlxnf

    4617
    4579
    4061
    3920

    2385
    2332
    2082
    1994

    2232
    2247
    1979
    1926

    cf}ift
    3/w'/L
    cfsf/
    5.29
    4.60
    5.16
    6.03

    1367
    1177
    614
    798
    542
    892
    807
    801
    545
    619
    795

    7730
    6967
    4025
    4541
    3392
    5237
    4476
    4987
    2995
    3626
    4403

    3919
    3534
    2026
    2158
    1708
    2664
    2285
    2562
    1407
    1824
    2256

    3811
    3433
    1999
    2383
    1684
    2573
    2191
    2425
    1588
    1802
    2147

    5.10
    6.06
    5.73
    5.15
    5.50
    5.50
    5.17
    5.51
    5.12
    5.37
    4.25

    649
    882
    1058
    933
    1008
    636
    1018
    1169
    727
    815

    3954
    5554
    4229
    4526
    6434
    3572
    6180
    6996
    4967
    4471

    2002
    2785
    2130
    2275
    3332
    1837
    3145
    3640
    2581
    2306

    1952
    2769
    2099
    2251
    3102
    1735
    3035
    3356
    2386
    2165

    6.03
    5.26
    5.19
    5.40
    5.72
    5.12
    5.45
    5.05
    5.92
    5.35

    16

    hDdf
    3/w'/L
    ;+Vof
    947
    1153
    900
    762

    hgu0fgf @)!!
    hDdf
    k'?if
    hg;+Vof

    dlxnf

    hg;+Vof
    a[l4

    hg;+Vof
    a[l4 b/
    k|ltztdf

    5006
    5300
    4643
    4597

    2442
    2604
    2251
    2315

    2564
    2696
    2392
    2282

    389
    721
    582
    677

    8.4254
    15.746
    14.331
    17.27

    1640
    1331
    700
    859
    616
    1047
    905
    991
    615
    683
    1180

    8365
    8068
    4012
    4424
    3388
    5757
    4680
    5458
    3151
    3666
    5011

    4036
    4165
    1971
    2023
    1575
    2766
    2239
    2691
    1420
    1710
    2486

    4329
    3903
    2041
    2401
    1813
    2991
    2441
    2767
    1731
    1956
    2525

    635
    1101
    -13
    -117
    -4
    520
    204
    471
    156
    40
    608

    8.2147
    15.803
    -0.323
    -2.577
    -0.118
    9.9293
    4.5576
    9.4446
    5.2087
    1.1031
    13.809

    724
    1105
    968
    1134
    1245
    785
    1193
    1410
    951
    906

    4366
    5807
    5022
    6119
    7124
    4016
    6504
    7120
    5633
    4849

    2144
    2788
    2535
    2919
    3533
    1897
    3150
    3640
    2821
    2475

    2222
    3019
    2487
    3200
    3591
    2119
    3354
    3480
    2812
    2374

    412
    253
    793
    1593
    690
    444
    324
    124
    666
    378

    886

    4673

    2209

    2464

    11

    10.42
    4.5553
    18.751
    35.197
    10.724
    12.43
    5.2427
    1.7724
    13.408
    8.454
    5
    0.236

    10136
    6290

    5118
    3043

    5018
    3247

    1407
    1168

    16.119
    22.804

    4.78

    1916
    104
    9
    999

    4775

    2262

    2513

    388

    5.06
    6.15
    5.45
    4.90
    5.44
    5.51

    936
    542
    954
    1132
    1077
    771

    4738
    3331
    5201
    5545
    5864
    4249

    2378
    1676
    2543
    2630
    2898
    2150

    2360
    1655
    2658
    2915
    2966
    2099

    897
    381
    534
    807
    985
    788

    8.844
    3
    23.353
    12.915
    11.442
    17.033
    20.189
    22.768

    3933
    4614
    3275
    10192
    4106
    5757
    1702
    3884
    5751
    5066
    4598
    4945

    2065
    2337
    1689
    5150
    2068
    2922
    911
    2003
    2973
    2531
    2343
    2514

    1868
    2277
    1586
    5042
    2038
    2835
    791
    1881
    2778
    2535
    2255
    2431

    496
    850

    2316
    5535

    1188
    2792

    1128
    2743

    6.06
    5.26

    5.74
    6.15
    5.80
    6.00
    6.25
    5.14
    5.21

    907
    756
    1107
    715
    568
    673
    767

    5210
    4646
    6424
    4289
    3548
    3456
    3993

    2669
    2395
    3317
    2130
    1828
    1729
    1995

    2541
    2251
    3107
    2159
    1720
    1727
    1998

    sljnf;
    srg
    sNof0fk'/
    sdnk'/
    s+rgk'/
    s6}of
    v8\uk'/
    vf]hk'/
    vf]S;/k/axf
    sf]= dfw]k'/f
    sf]rfav/L
    sf]OnfbL

    5.73
    6.10
    6.17
    5.85
    5.62
    5.71
    5.44
    5.60
    5.56
    5.56
    4.87
    4.10

    667
    666
    1268
    824
    1068
    839
    706
    833
    679
    807
    1104
    1065

    3824
    4063
    7825
    4820
    6007
    4791
    3843
    4665
    3775
    4488
    5374
    4364

    1922
    2040
    4028
    2476
    3154
    2449
    1975
    2381
    1895
    2342
    2790
    2299

    69
    70
    71
    72
    73
    74
    75
    76
    77
    78
    79

    s'zfxf
    nfnfk6L
    nf}lgof
    nf]xhf/f
    dfwjk'/
    dw'klt
    dxfb]jf
    d}gfs8]/L
    d}gf;x;|ax'
    dn]sk'/
    dn]y

    6.30
    6.16
    4.70
    5.64
    5.44
    4.69
    6.02
    5.09
    6.14
    6.00
    5.74

    961
    774
    630
    944
    881
    785
    974
    702
    656
    1025
    975

    6058
    4771
    2960
    5323
    4790
    3685
    5867
    3575
    4031
    6149
    5598

    80
    81

    dNxgdf
    dNxlgof

    5.48
    4.76

    717
    1572

    82
    83
    84
    85

    dg/fhf
    df}jfxf
    df]xgk'/
    gwf]{

    5.44
    6.00
    5.18
    6.13

    673
    682
    951
    990

    uflj;gkf

    36
    37
    38
    39
    40
    41
    42
    43
    44
    45
    46
    47

    lbdg
    kmls/f
    km;]{y
    kmQ]k'/
    km'nsxL
    udxl/of k/jfxf
    ufa/ uf8f
    uf]OyL
    xg'dfggu/
    xlb{of
    xl/x/k'/
    xl/k'/

    48
    49
    50
    51
    52
    53
    54
    55
    56

    Og/jf
    Og/jf
    km'nal/of
    O6xl/ lji0f'k'/
    hutk'/
    hd'gLdfw]k'/
    hGbf}n
    em'6sL
    hf]lulgof!
    hf]lulgof@

    57
    58
    59
    60
    61
    62
    63
    64
    65
    66
    67
    68

    cf}ift
    3/w'/L
    cfsf/
    5.91
    6.43
    6.23
    5.84
    5.46
    5.96
    6.86
    5.94
    6.11
    5.59
    5.83
    5.92

    hDdf
    3/w'/L
    ;+Vof
    666
    718
    526
    1746
    752
    966
    248
    654
    942
    906
    789
    836

    4.67
    6.51

    hgu0fgf @))!
    hDdf
    k'?if
    hg;+Vof

    cf}ift
    3/w'/L
    cfsf/
    5.29
    6.27
    5.51
    4.48
    5.77
    5.74
    6.20
    5.18
    6.56
    4.64
    4.96
    5.52

    qm=;++

    dlxnf

    hDdf
    3/w'/L
    ;+Vof
    810
    874
    638
    2524
    879
    1070
    289
    724
    957
    1139
    934
    979

    hgu0fgf @)!!
    hDdf
    k'?if
    hg;+Vof

    dlxnf

    hg;+Vof
    a[l4

    hg;+Vof
    a[l4 b/
    k|ltztdf

    4283
    5477
    3515
    11303
    5074
    6145
    1791
    3751
    6275
    5286
    4632
    5406

    2167
    2692
    1780
    5268
    2575
    3036
    948
    1767
    3185
    2467
    2254
    2589

    2116
    2785
    1735
    6035
    2499
    3109
    843
    1984
    3090
    2819
    2378
    2817

    350
    863
    240
    1111
    968
    388
    89
    -133
    524
    220
    34
    461

    8.8991
    18.704
    7.3282
    10.901
    23.575
    6.7396
    5.2291
    -3.424
    9.1115
    4.3427
    0.7395
    9.3225

    647
    1027

    3918
    5403

    1942
    2455

    1976
    2948

    1602
    -132

    69.171
    -2.385

    4.99
    5.28
    5.79
    5.01
    6.03
    6.02
    5.26

    1269
    880
    1342
    870
    669
    738
    853

    6335
    4649
    7766
    4360
    4033
    4442
    4489

    3212
    2170
    3814
    2001
    2039
    2223
    2059

    3123
    2479
    3952
    2359
    1994
    2219
    2430

    1125
    3
    1342
    71
    485
    986
    496

    21.593
    0.0646
    20.89
    1.6554
    13.67
    28.53
    12.422

    1902
    2023
    3797
    2344
    2853
    2342
    1868
    2284
    1880
    2146
    2584
    2065

    5.30
    5.30
    5.12
    5.14
    5.12
    5.17
    5.22
    5.18
    5.10
    5.20
    4.68
    5.40

    742
    793
    1705
    1038
    1452
    965
    900
    978
    897
    886
    1334
    874

    3936
    4199
    8724
    5334
    7435
    4987
    4697
    5063
    4576
    4608
    6241
    4723

    1864
    2006
    4144
    2635
    3804
    2369
    2394
    2409
    2254
    2366
    3172
    2424

    2072
    2193
    4580
    2699
    3631
    2618
    2303
    2654
    2322
    2242
    3069
    2299

    112
    136
    899
    514
    1428
    196
    854
    398
    801
    120
    867
    359

    2.9289
    3.3473
    11.489
    10.664
    23.772
    4.091
    22.222
    8.5316
    21.219
    2.6738
    16.133
    8.2264

    2994
    2463
    1534
    2715
    2384
    1801
    3100
    1875
    2331
    3167
    2891

    3064
    2308
    1426
    2608
    2406
    1884
    2767
    1700
    1700
    2982
    2707

    5.34
    5.53
    4.98
    5.20
    4.58
    5.37
    5.45
    5.79
    5.20
    5.25
    5.86

    1253
    996
    707
    1071
    1252
    892
    1066
    554
    779
    1258
    1142

    6695
    5509
    3519
    5570
    5730
    4786
    5807
    3206
    4047
    6601
    6696

    3118
    2759
    1797
    2706
    2796
    2302
    2994
    1593
    1842
    3138
    3281

    3577
    2750
    1722
    2864
    2934
    2484
    2813
    1613
    2205
    3463
    3415

    637
    738
    559
    247
    940
    1101
    -60
    -369
    16
    452
    1098

    10.515
    15.468
    18.885
    4.6402
    19.624
    29.878
    -1.023
    -10.32
    0.3969
    7.3508
    19.614

    3928
    7477

    1963
    3884

    1965
    3593

    5.57
    5.02

    782
    1558

    4356
    7820

    2098
    3770

    2258
    4050

    428
    343

    3660
    4095
    4923
    6066

    1843
    2096
    2475
    3068

    1817
    1999
    2448
    2998

    4.93
    5.75
    4.99
    5.52

    902
    884
    1138
    1311

    4447
    5079
    5673
    7235

    2199
    2605
    2742
    3612

    2248
    2474
    2931
    3623

    787
    984
    750
    1169

    10.896
    4.587
    4
    21.503
    24.029
    15.235
    19.271

    17

    g]u8f
    cf]8fxf
    ks/L
    kg;]/f
    k6]{jf
    kf6f]
    kYy/uf8f
    lkk|f klZrd
    lkk|f k"j{
    kf]6{xf
    k|;agL
    /fhlj/fh gkf

    cf}ift
    3/w'/L
    cfsf/
    5.73
    5.41
    6.23
    5.51
    5.86
    5.80
    6.03
    5.12
    5.55
    5.63
    5.41
    5.57

    hDdf
    3/w'/L
    ;+Vof
    762
    773
    930
    805
    658
    755
    819
    765
    622
    816
    1035
    5445

    98
    99
    100
    101
    102
    103
    10
    4
    105
    106
    107
    108

    /fdgu/
    /fdk'/fdNxlgof
    /fdk'/hd'jf
    /f}tx6
    /fok'/
    ?kgu/
    zDe'gfy

    6.29
    5.36
    5.78
    4.55
    5.87
    5.30
    5.62

    z+s/k'/f
    ;/:j/
    l;d/fxf l;luo'F
    l;:jf laxL

    109
    110
    111
    112
    113
    114
    115
    116

    l;tfk'/
    t/xL
    t]/xf}6f
    y]lnof
    l6s'lnof
    ltnfly
    lqsf}nf
    ;+:yfut

    qm=;++

    uflj;gkf

    86
    87
    88
    89
    90
    91
    92
    93
    94
    95
    96
    97

    hgu0fgf @))!
    hDdf
    k'?if
    hg;+Vof

    dlxnf

    4365
    4185
    5798
    4433
    3854
    4378
    4938
    3918
    3452
    4592
    5604
    30353

    2191
    2034
    2945
    2110
    1936
    2268
    2516
    1897
    1720
    2440
    2825
    16199

    2174
    2151
    2853
    2323
    1918
    2110
    2422
    2021
    1732
    2152
    2779
    14154

    cf}ift
    3/w'/L
    cfsf/
    4.89
    4.60
    5.66
    5.13
    5.13
    5.00
    5.33
    4.83
    5.37
    5.25
    5.07
    4.87

    348
    1150
    629
    520
    1631
    957
    1116

    2188
    6165
    3635
    2364
    9573
    5070
    6275

    1073
    3252
    1779
    1201
    4924
    2467
    3084

    1115
    2913
    1856
    1163
    4649
    2603
    3191

    5.40
    5.73
    5.37
    5.47
    5.39
    4.86
    5.19

    5.62
    6.40
    5.84
    4.55

    761
    741
    768
    1265

    4278
    4739
    4487
    5762

    2240
    2418
    2328
    2953

    2038
    2321
    2159
    2809

    5.68
    5.45
    5.57
    5.84
    5.46
    5.19
    5.12
    67.14

    736
    762
    806
    1001
    564
    709
    794
    7

    4177
    4156
    4490
    5850
    3079
    3679
    4065
    470

    2127
    2068
    2306
    2982
    1648
    1945
    2123
    442

    2050
    2088
    2184
    2868
    1431
    1734
    1942
    28

    hDdf
    3/w'/L
    ;+Vof
    889
    977
    1132
    953
    758
    1078
    975
    872
    819
    986
    1226
    7743

    hgu0fgf @)!!
    hDdf
    k'?if
    hg;+Vof

    dlxnf

    hg;+Vof
    a[l4

    hg;+Vof
    a[l4 b/
    k|ltztdf

    4350
    4494
    6412
    4892
    3889
    5394
    5198
    4211
    4399
    5179
    6212
    37738

    1970
    2115
    3157
    2200
    1769
    2665
    2477
    1968
    2213
    2590
    2960
    1968
    4

    2380
    2379
    3255
    2692
    2120
    2729
    2721
    2243
    2186
    2589
    3252
    18054

    -15
    309
    614
    459
    35
    1016
    260
    293
    947
    587
    608
    7385

    -0.344
    7.3835
    10.59
    10.354
    0.9081
    23.207
    5.2653
    7.4783
    27.433
    12.783
    10.849
    24.33

    470
    1185
    755
    660
    1896
    1063
    1278

    2539
    6786
    4056
    3612
    10214
    5162
    6632

    1169
    3449
    1849
    1842
    5086
    2437
    3150

    1370
    3337
    2207
    1770
    5128
    2725
    3482

    351
    621
    421
    1248
    641
    92
    357

    16.042
    10.073
    11.582
    52.792
    6.6959
    1.8146
    5.6892

    5.58
    6.00
    4.82
    5.51

    785
    944
    1082
    1141

    4379
    5662
    5213
    6286

    2244
    2832
    2578
    3070

    2135
    2830
    2635
    3216

    101
    923
    726
    524

    2.3609
    19.477
    16.18
    9.0941

    4.89
    5.57
    4.96
    5.25
    4.91
    5.62
    5.66
    42.35

    843
    844
    1055
    1202
    656
    645
    919
    34

    4122
    4704
    5230
    6314
    3221
    3624
    5200
    1440

    1887
    2360
    2525
    2996
    1480
    1826
    2680
    1279

    2235
    2344
    2705
    3318
    1741
    1798
    2520
    161

    -55
    548
    740
    464
    142
    -55
    1135
    970

    -1.317
    13.186
    16.481
    7.9316
    4.6119
    -1.495
    27.921
    206.38

    ;|f]tMIntensive Study and Research Centre, Kathmandu, Napal (2012), District and VDC Profile of Nepal-2013

    #=@ u|fld0f / zx/L If]qsf] hg;+Vofsf] a[l4 b/


    lj=;= @)%* ;fnsf] hgu0fgfcg';f/ ;Kt/L lhNnfdf s'n hg;+Vofsf] (% k|ltzt u|fdL0f
    e]udf a:g] u/]sf]df @)^* sf] hgu0fgfcg';f/ ($ k|ltzt hg;+Vof u|fdL0f If]qdf a;f]jf;
    ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . !) jif{sf] jLrdf ! k|ltzt j9L hg;+Vof u|fdL0f If]qeGbf zx/L If]qdf
    a;f]jf; ug]{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . To;}u/L kl/jf/sf] cf};t cfsf/ %=^$ af6 %=@* k|ltztdf em/]sf]
    5 . !) jif{sf] jLrdf ;Kt/L lhNnfdf s'ndf !(=&# k|ltzt 3/w'/L / !@=!) k|ltzt hg;+Vof
    a[l4 ePsf] 5 -tflnsf g+= #=@_ .
    tflnsf g+=3.2M kl/jf/ ;+Vof / kl/jf/sf] cf};t cfsf/
    @)%*
    @)^*

    s'n
    3/w'/L

    101141

    u|fdL0f

    95696

    zx/L s'n
    5445

    121098

    18

    u|fdL0f

    113355

    zx/L

    7743

    a[l4b/ k|ltztdf
    s'n
    u|fdL0f zx/L
    19.73%

    15.58

    42.20%

    ;+Vof
    hg;+Vof

    570282
    5.64

    kl/jf/sf]
    cf};t
    cfsf/

    (95%)

    (5%)

    539929
    (95%)
    5.64

    30353
    (5%)
    5.57

    639284
    5.28

    (94%)

    (6%)

    601546
    (94%)
    5.30

    37738
    (6%)
    4.87

    12.10%

    11.41
    %

    24.33%

    ;|f]tMs]lGb|o tYof ljefu, /fli6o hgu0fgf @)%* / @)^*


    kl/jf/sf ;b:o cg'kl:yt ePsf 3/ kl/jf/ / cg'kl:yt hg;+Vof ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+=
    #=# df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=3.3M kl/jf/sf ;b:o cg'kl:yt ePsf 3/kl/jf/ / cg'kl:yt hg;+Vof
    If]q

    kl/jf/sf
    ;b:o
    cg'kl:yt
    ePsf]
    3/kl/jf/

    hDdf

    kl/jf/df cg'kl:yt hg;+Vof


    hDdf

    k'?if

    dlxnf

    gv'n]sf]

    5423297
    1378678
    1921494
    1684029
    237400
    g]kfn
    799526
    210248
    273591
    245342
    28231
    k"jL{ t/fO{
    121064
    21712
    26433
    25676
    752
    ;Kt/L
    >f]t M s]=t=lj, rf}dfl;s tYof ultljlwYear 35, Volume 105, No.-1, 2011/12,tflnsf g+= !!

    65
    18
    5

    uPsf] ;+Vof

    cfPsf] ;+Vof

    j;fO{ ;/fO{
    ;+Vof

    12958

    761

    1125

    1886

    5441

    710

    926

    502

    1428

    20995

    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    0

    121
    0
    80
    165
    44

    141
    0
    92
    165
    91

    262
    0
    172
    330
    135

    9
    0
    12
    14
    12

    19
    0
    11
    26
    14

    28
    0
    23
    40
    26

    130
    0
    48
    126
    22

    13
    0
    10
    23
    6

    34
    0
    15
    23
    17

    11
    0
    4
    67
    0

    45
    0
    19
    90
    17

    0
    0
    0
    0
    0

    433
    0
    253
    519
    189

    60
    31

    64
    49

    124
    80

    9
    0

    13
    5

    22
    5

    51
    24

    2
    0

    2
    0

    0
    0

    2
    0

    0
    0

    199
    109

    10

    19

    54

    80

    19

    s'n hDdf

    ljjfx btf{ ;+Vof

    6979

    0
    0
    0

    btf{ ;+Vof

    hDdf

    5979

    hDdf

    k'?if

    11

    dlxnf

    9
    10

    j;fO{;/fO{ btf{

    k'?if

    4
    5
    6
    7
    8

    s'n hDdf
    uf]]j/uf9f
    xg'dfg gu/
    @ g+=
    of]lulgoFf
    ef/bx
    dwjfk'/
    kf]tf{xf
    aSw'jf
    l8dg
    nf]xhf/f
    d}ogfs8]/L
    lqsf}n

    d[To' btf{

    dlxnf

    1
    2
    3

    uf=lj=;=sf] gfd

    qm=;=

    hGd btf{

    ;DjGw ljR5]b ;+Vof

    #=# hg;+Vofsf] cjoj ljZn]if0f


    @)&) ;fn j}zfv b]lv r}q dlxgf ;Ddsf] AolQmut 36gf h:t} hGd, d[To', ljjfx, /
    a;fO;/fO{ h:tf dxTjk"0f{ 36gfqmdx?sf] uflj; :t/sf] ;"rgf tflnsf g+= #=$ df k]z ul/Psf]
    5.
    tflnsf g+=3.4M JolQmut 36gf btf{sf] aflif{s clen]v ljj/0f

    32
    33
    34
    35
    36
    37
    38
    39
    40
    41
    42
    43
    44
    45
    46
    47
    48
    49
    50
    51
    52
    53
    54
    55
    56
    57

    /Dk'/fdNxlgoFf

    ltnf7L
    nf}lgoFf
    ljifxl/of
    sf]O{nf8L
    nnfkL
    l5Ggd:tf
    kmls/f
    sf]rfjvf/L
    a/xLlj/k'/
    O{6x/Llji0f'k'/

    af]l/of
    hd'lgdw]k'/f
    l;d|fxf
    l;+Uof}+g
    km;]{7
    dn]sk'/

    s'n hDdf

    ;DjGw ljR5]b ;+Vof

    ljjfx btf{ ;+Vof

    17
    10
    6

    27
    27
    6

    60
    62
    50

    11
    7
    5

    8
    12
    2

    3
    12
    3

    11
    24
    5

    0
    0
    0

    224
    238
    165

    74
    92
    78
    166
    68
    55
    58
    94
    45
    75
    0

    92
    107
    69
    186
    76
    64
    72
    86
    43
    97
    0

    166
    199
    147
    352
    144
    119
    130
    180
    88
    172
    0

    11
    13
    9
    21
    10
    3
    13
    7
    13
    17
    0

    12
    21
    15
    33
    19
    12
    15
    21
    13
    22
    0

    23
    34
    24
    54
    29
    15
    28
    28
    26
    39
    0

    80
    104
    60
    147
    57
    56
    63
    68
    63
    70
    0

    12
    6
    12
    67
    6
    7
    25
    22
    21
    18
    0

    30
    2
    30
    47
    3
    38
    18
    34
    39
    22
    0

    14
    8
    10
    34
    3
    0
    7
    7
    39
    18
    0

    44
    10
    40
    81
    6
    38
    25
    41
    78
    40
    0

    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0

    281
    343
    243
    620
    236
    197
    246
    298
    198
    299
    0

    111
    67

    173
    62

    284
    129

    13
    14

    22
    13

    35
    27

    76
    64

    9
    9

    33
    30

    14
    12

    47
    42

    0
    0

    404
    229

    68

    90

    158

    14

    11

    25

    61

    18

    22

    250

    0
    59
    43

    0
    78
    46

    0
    137
    89

    0
    3
    1

    0
    8
    5

    0
    11
    6

    0
    68
    51

    0
    0
    1

    0
    0
    1

    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    1

    0
    0
    0

    0
    216
    147

    0
    0
    27

    0
    0
    19

    0
    0
    46

    0
    0
    2

    0
    0
    3

    0
    0
    5

    0
    0
    37

    0
    0
    1

    0
    0
    1

    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    1

    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    89

    btf{ ;+Vof

    10
    17
    0

    hDdf

    126
    142
    104

    hDdf

    58
    78
    50

    k'?if

    68
    64
    54

    dlxnf

    j;fO{ ;/fO{
    ;+Vof

    29
    30
    31

    cfPsf] ;+Vof

    28

    uPsf] ;+Vof

    26
    27

    j;fO{;/fO{ btf{

    k'?if

    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25

    a}/af
    hutk'/
    lkk|fk"j{
    3f]]3gk'/
    sdnk'/
    cf]b|fxf
    kmQ]k'/
    a/dlemof
    abufdf
    s~rgk'/
    ?kgu/
    w/dk'/
    7]lnof
    h08f}n
    k|zjgL
    l;tfk'/
    xl/x/k'/
    ks/L
    8f9f
    uf]O{7L
    aygfxf
    eujtk'/
    !g++ olulgoFf
    O{gjf{
    aegufdfsL
    dxb]jf
    b]p/Le?jf
    sf]=dw]k'/f
    sf]=a;f{O{g
    ;s/k'/f

    d[To' btf{

    dlxnf

    12
    13
    14

    uf=lj=;=sf] gfd

    qm=;=

    hGd btf{

    91

    107

    198

    10

    18

    62

    280

    104

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    221

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    28

    47

    95

    14

    14

    368

    109
    0

    118
    0

    227
    0

    5
    0

    17
    0

    22
    0

    98
    0

    4
    0

    10
    0

    0
    0

    10
    0

    0
    0

    351
    0

    51

    71

    122

    13

    51

    189

    90

    94

    184

    10

    15

    25

    122

    336

    43
    113
    56
    33
    63

    45
    194
    86
    44
    114

    88
    307
    142
    77
    177

    7
    8
    14
    6
    25

    11
    16
    16
    9
    21

    18
    24
    30
    15
    46

    46
    150
    47
    26
    73

    4
    7
    8
    0
    14

    4
    19
    8
    0
    25

    0
    0
    0
    0
    6

    4
    19
    8
    0
    31

    0
    0
    0
    0
    0

    156
    488
    227
    118
    310

    92

    138

    230

    10

    22

    32

    126

    395

    54
    6
    105

    57
    12
    119

    111
    18
    224

    3
    1
    7

    16
    2
    13

    19
    3
    20

    17
    2
    40

    5
    0
    6

    5
    0
    25

    0
    0
    0

    5
    0
    25

    0
    0
    0

    152
    23
    290

    23

    37

    60

    11

    83

    0
    115
    0
    0

    0
    155
    0
    0

    0
    270
    0
    0

    0
    11
    0
    0

    0
    19
    0
    0

    0
    30
    0
    0

    0
    43
    0
    0

    0
    6
    0
    0

    0
    15
    0
    0

    0
    4
    0
    0

    0
    19
    0
    0

    0
    0
    0
    0

    0
    349
    0
    0

    33

    62

    95

    14

    34

    144

    65

    51

    116

    37

    161

    20

    ljjfx btf{ ;+Vof

    btf{ ;+Vof

    uPsf] ;+Vof

    cfPsf] ;+Vof

    j;fO{ ;/fO{
    ;+Vof

    45

    51

    96

    44

    150

    s'n hDdf

    hDdf

    ;DjGw ljR5]b ;+Vof

    k'?if

    hDdf

    dlxnf

    j;fO{;/fO{ btf{

    k'?if

    d[To' btf{

    dlxnf

    uf=lj=;=sf] gfd

    qm=;=

    hGd btf{

    72
    73

    dn]7
    lb3jf
    s6}of
    a;ljL
    t]/xf}tf
    /fok'/
    vf]S;/k|jfxf
    ag}lgof
    g3f]{
    e'm6sL
    cf}/xL
    kftf]
    e"txL
    t/xL
    v8sk'/
    a]NxLrk]gf

    74

    uDxl/ofk|jfxf

    87

    99

    186

    16

    18

    34

    56

    280

    75

    a|Xdk'/
    sljnf;f
    agf}nf
    cgf{xf
    agf}nL
    kTy/uf8f
    zDe"gfy
    a;ank'/
    /fdk'/hd'jf
    df]xgk'/
    e+uxf
    sNof0fk'/
    d}gf;x|;jfxF"
    O{gjf{
    k'mnj/Lof
    b]p/L
    sfrg
    /fdgu/
    a]NxL
    df}jfxf
    /f}tx6
    k'mnsfxL
    dfg/fhf
    af]b]jiff{O{g
    l6s'lnof
    k6]jf{
    dNxlgoFf

    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    0

    31

    53

    84

    102

    195

    0
    80

    0
    102

    0
    182

    0
    9

    0
    19

    0
    28

    0
    78

    0
    8

    0
    15

    0
    11

    0
    26

    0
    0

    0
    296

    0
    54
    64

    0
    64
    68

    0
    118
    132

    0
    11
    10

    0
    7
    13

    0
    18
    23

    0
    43
    52

    0
    2
    9

    0
    2
    18

    0
    2
    16

    0
    4
    34

    0
    0
    0

    0
    181
    216

    58
    59
    60
    61
    62
    63
    64
    65
    66
    67
    68
    69
    70
    71

    76
    77
    78
    79
    80
    81
    82
    83
    84
    85
    86
    87
    88
    89
    90
    91
    92
    93
    94
    95
    96
    97
    98
    99
    100

    78

    80

    158

    12

    17

    29

    50

    244

    138

    115

    253

    10

    11

    21

    97

    11

    29

    31

    382

    43

    54

    97

    49

    161

    87
    0

    118
    0

    205
    0

    2
    0

    5
    0

    7
    0

    34
    0

    0
    0

    0
    0

    0
    0

    0
    0

    0
    0

    246
    0

    0
    0

    0
    0

    0
    0

    0
    0

    0
    0

    0
    0

    0
    0

    0
    0

    0
    0

    0
    0

    0
    0

    0
    0

    0
    0

    107

    123

    230

    14

    22

    122

    15

    15

    378

    85
    70

    94
    110

    179
    180

    8
    15

    17
    13

    25
    28

    53
    64

    3
    1

    5
    1

    0
    0

    5
    1

    0
    0

    260
    273

    25

    25

    50

    22

    80

    114

    122

    236

    10

    25

    35

    93

    14

    28

    32

    60

    378

    46

    46

    92

    15

    44

    13

    13

    159

    77

    85

    162

    20

    19

    39

    62

    268

    121

    133

    254

    10

    20

    30

    78

    364

    77

    83

    160

    14

    16

    30

    64

    255

    11

    14

    25

    41

    73

    72
    0

    43
    0

    115
    0

    2
    0

    5
    0

    7
    0

    116
    0

    2
    0

    4
    0

    0
    0

    4
    0

    0
    0

    240
    0

    0
    58

    0
    61

    0
    119

    0
    7

    0
    11

    0
    18

    0
    62

    0
    0

    0
    0

    0
    0

    0
    0

    0
    0

    0
    199

    34

    65

    99

    12

    21

    19

    14

    145

    56

    57

    113

    12

    19

    75

    211

    0
    90

    0
    88

    0
    178

    0
    22

    0
    16

    0
    38

    0
    65

    0
    5

    0
    5

    0
    0

    0
    5

    0
    0

    0
    286

    21

    j;fO{ ;/fO{
    ;+Vof

    s'n hDdf

    ;DjGw ljR5]b ;+Vof

    cfPsf] ;+Vof

    ljjfx btf{ ;+Vof

    89
    67
    90

    165
    141
    160

    5
    5
    18

    15
    9
    32

    20
    14
    50

    66
    104
    116

    0
    1
    1

    0
    1
    4

    0
    0
    0

    0
    1
    4

    0
    0
    0

    251
    260
    327

    0
    0
    64

    0
    0
    67

    0
    0
    131

    0
    0
    9

    0
    0
    12

    0
    0
    21

    0
    0
    69

    0
    0
    4

    0
    0
    10

    0
    0
    1

    0
    0
    11

    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    225

    kG;]/f
    dnxgdf
    xl/k'/
    s'zxf
    dw'kL
    bf}}ntk'/
    xlb{of
    lkk|fklZrd
    /fhlj/fh
    g=kf=
    s'n hDdf

    58

    66

    124

    12

    16

    67

    209

    55
    78
    63
    0
    39

    40
    87
    61
    0
    73

    95
    165
    124
    0
    112

    9
    11
    8
    0
    12

    9
    11
    18
    0
    16

    18
    22
    26
    0
    28

    67
    87
    94
    0
    56

    5
    1
    5
    0
    8

    5
    1
    13
    0
    13

    9
    0
    0
    0
    12

    14
    1
    13
    0
    25

    0
    0
    0
    0
    0

    185
    275
    249
    0
    204

    0
    0
    530

    0
    0
    607

    0
    0
    1137

    0
    0
    52

    0
    0
    89

    0
    0
    141

    0
    0
    298

    0
    0
    189

    0
    0
    96

    0
    0
    107

    0
    0
    203

    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    1765

    5979

    6979

    12958

    761

    1125

    1886

    5441

    710

    926

    502

    1428

    20995

    k'?if

    hDdf

    76
    74
    70

    hDdf

    ;f/:j/
    wgu9L
    l;:jfj]]NxL
    g]u8f
    vf]hk'/
    ag/e'mnf

    dlxnf

    uPsf] ;+Vof

    113
    114
    115

    btf{ ;+Vof

    107
    108
    109
    110
    111
    112

    j;fO{;/fO{ btf{

    k'?if

    104
    105
    106

    d[To' btf{

    dlxnf

    101
    102
    103

    uf=lj=;=sf] gfd

    qm=;=

    hGd btf{

    ;|f]tMlhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!


    #=$ hg;+Vofsf] agfj6
    pd]/ ;d'x cg';f/ hg;+Vofsf] agfj6 tflnsf #=# df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . h;cg';f/ !$ jif{
    d'lgsf] hg;+Vof #%=!$ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 eg] !% b]lv %( jif{ pd]/sf] hg;+Vof %&=!@ k|ltzt
    /x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L ^) aif{eGbf dflysf] hg;+Vof &=&$ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . kfFr kfFr jif{ pd]/
    ;d'xcg';f/sf] hg;+Vof ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= #=% df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=3.5Mpd]/ cg';f/ lhNnfsf] hg;+Vof%% jif{ pd]/ ;d'xsf] hg;+Vof_
    pd]/ ;d'x

    s'n
    gDa/

    ;a} pd]/
    00-04aif{
    05-09 aif{
    10-14 aif{
    15-19 aif{
    20-24 aif{
    25-29 aif{
    30-34 aif{
    35-39 aif{
    40-44 aif{
    45-49 aif{

    k'?if
    k|ltzt

    gDa/

    dlxnf
    k|ltzt

    gDa/

    k|ltzt

    639284

    100

    313846

    100

    325438

    100

    63257

    9.89

    32381

    10.32

    30876

    9.49

    86133

    13.47

    44176

    14.08

    41957

    12.89

    83426

    13.05

    41893

    13.35

    41533

    12.76

    61811

    9.67

    30914

    9.85

    30897

    9.49

    48584

    7.60

    21554

    6.87

    27030

    8.31

    48703

    7.62

    21756

    6.93

    26947

    8.28

    42353

    6.63

    18247

    5.81

    24106

    7.41

    41928

    6.56

    20066

    6.39

    21862

    6.72

    34180

    5.35

    16701

    5.32

    17479

    5.37

    30367

    4.75

    15479

    4.93

    14888

    4.57

    22

    pd]/ ;d'x

    s'n
    gDa/

    50-54 aif{
    55-59 aif{
    60-64 aif{
    65-69 aif{
    70-74 aif{
    75-79 aif{
    80-84 aif{
    85-89 aif{
    90-94 aif{
    95+ aif{

    k'?if
    k|ltzt

    gDa/

    dlxnf
    k|ltzt

    gDa/

    k|ltzt

    24418

    3.82

    12463

    3.97

    11955

    3.67

    22670

    3.55

    11925

    3.80

    10745

    3.30

    20122

    3.15

    10062

    3.21

    10060

    3.09

    13993

    2.19

    7235

    2.31

    6758

    2.08

    9448

    1.48

    4918

    1.57

    4530

    1.39

    4449

    0.70

    2338

    0.74

    2111

    0.65

    1958

    0.31

    1003

    0.32

    955

    0.29

    724

    0.11

    371

    0.12

    353

    0.11

    395

    0.06

    198

    0.06

    197

    0.06

    365

    0.06

    166

    0.05

    199

    0.06

    ;|f]tM National Population and Housing Census 2011, National Report , Volume 1, Table 18

    3/kl/jf/, hg;+Vof, cf}ift kl/jf/sf] cfsf/, n}ls cg'kft / hg3gTj ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf
    g+= #=^ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . h;cg';f/ cf}ift kl/jf/ cfsf/ %=@*, n}ls cg'kft (^=$ /
    k|lt ju{ ls=ld= hg3gTj $^( /x]sf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=3.6M 3/kl/jf/, hg;+Vof, cf}ift kl/jf/sf] cfsf/, n}ls cg'kft / hg3gTj
    If]q

    3/kl/jf/

    g]kfn
    k"jL{
    t/fO{
    ;Kt/L

    hg;+Vof

    If]qkmn - cf}ift
    hg3gTj
    n}ls
    ju{
    kl/jf/sf]
    -k|lt
    cg'kft
    ls=dL=_
    cfsf/
    j=ls=dL=_

    hDdf

    k'?if

    dlxnf

    5427302

    26494504

    12849041

    13645463

    147181

    4.88

    94.2

    180

    800016

    3818119

    1846984

    1971135

    7269

    4.77

    93.7

    525

    121098

    639284

    313846

    325438

    1363

    5.28

    96.4

    469

    gf]6 M ;+:yfut 3/kl/jf/ ;d]t ;dfj]z ul/Psf]


    >f]t M s]=t=lj, rf}dfl;s tYof ultljlw

    Year 35, Volume 105, No.-1, 2011/12, tflnsf

    g+= !@

    g]kfn, k"lj{ t/fO{ / ;Kt/L lhNNffsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:o ;+Vofcg';f/sf] t'ngfTds 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof
    tflnsf g+= #=&df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . h;cg';f/ ;Kt/L lhNnfdf ^ hgf kl/jf/ ;b:o ;+Vof
    ePsf] ;a}eGbf a9L 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof -!(,^*#_ /x]sf] 5 eg] Pshgf dfq} 3/kl/jf/ ;b:o ;+Vof
    x'g] 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof hDdf # xhf/ % ;o @( dfq /x]sf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=3.7M kl/jf/ ;b:o ;+Vof cg';f/sf] 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof
    kl/jf/ ;b:o ;+Vof
    ! hgf

    @ hgf

    # hgf

    $ hgf

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    23

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    406
    295
    111

    ;|f]tMNational Population and Housing Census 2011, National Report , Volume 1, Table 18
    #=^ hg;+Vofsf] ljt/0f
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    146
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    78
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    188
    85
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    11
    3328
    1666
    1662
    0.52
    ;|f]tM National Population and Housing Census 2011, National Report , Volume 1, Table 22

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    5
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    12534
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    620
    166
    91
    75
    639284
    313846
    325438
    National Population and Housing Census 2011, Caste/Ethnicity and Language), Table 1

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    89
    80
    169
    69
    67
    136
    22
    31
    53
    23
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    42
    20
    19
    39
    22
    15
    37
    14
    20
    34
    17
    15
    32
    17
    13
    30
    8
    14
    22
    21
    1
    22
    14
    5
    19
    9
    7
    16
    7
    8
    15
    5
    8
    13
    4
    8
    12
    4
    8
    12
    135
    127
    262
    2010
    1928
    3938
    325438
    313846
    639284
    National Population and Housing Census 2011, Caste/Ethnicity and Language), Table 2

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    2
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    4

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    636423
    2245
    3
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    323056
    1952
    3
    427

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    313367
    293
    0
    186

    ;|f]tMNational Population and Housing Census 2011, National Report , Volume 1, Table 23

    o; lhNnfdf s'n * xhf/ $$ hgf ckftf ePsf AolQmx? /x]sf 5g\ . ;f] dWo] $ xhf/ ^
    ;o ! hgf k'?if / # xhf/ $ ;o $# dlxnf /x]sf 5g\ .hgu0fgf @)^* cg';f/ ;Kt/L
    29

    lhNnfdf ckftf cg';f/ s'n dlxnf / k'?ifsf] hg;+Vof ;DjGwL tYof tflnsf g+= #=!$ df
    pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
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    ckftfsf] lsl;d
    dlxnf
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    1238
    1825
    3063
    zfl//Ls
    743
    793
    1536
    cGwf]kgfsdhf]/ b[li6
    465
    486
    951
    alx/f]sd;'Gg]
    78
    100
    178
    alx/fcGwf]
    405
    632
    1037
    af]Ngdf sl7gfO{
    243
    369
    612
    dfgl;s czQmtf
    85
    127
    212
    af}l4s czQmtf
    186
    269
    455
    ax' ckftf
    3443
    4601
    8044
    ckftf ePsf s"n hg;+Vof
    ;|f]tMNational Population and Housing Census 2011, Social Characteristics Tables, Volume 5,
    Part III, Table 15

    30

    4.

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    @)^(&)

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    tyf emf8L If]q, ;+:yfut If]q, gbL, gfnf, kf]v/L tyf ;8s ;DjGwL hfgsf/L tflnsf g+= $=@
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    31

    $=# uflj; :t/Lo e"pkof]usf] cj:yf


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    5.
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    qm=;= e"ldsf] cfsf/

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    32

    5.

    v08%M zx/Ls/0f tyf jl:t ljsf;sf] :j?k

    %=! zx/Ls/0f
    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf zx/L ljsf;sf] k|lqmof /fhlj/fhaf6 lj=;= !(($(% df g]kfnsf] klxnf]
    of]hgfa4 gu/ljsf; of]hgfsf] ?kdf ;'? ePsf] lyof] . o;nfO{ @)!^ ;fndf gu/kflnsf
    3f]if0ff ul/of] . zx/L ljsf;sf] k|lqmof olt cufl8b]lv ;'? eP klg cGo gu/x?sf] t'ngfdf
    o; gu/sf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ Go"g b]lvG5 . /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsf jfx]s o; lhNnfdf xfn}
    g]kfn ;/sf/n] 3f]if0ff cg';f/ s~rg?k / zDe'gfy gofF gu/kflnsf yk ePsf] 5 . o;sf]
    ;fy} dx]Gb| /fhdfu{ / cGo k|d'v af6fx?sf] 5]p5fpsf jl:tx? zx/Ls/0f tkm{ pGd'v ePsf]
    kfO{G5 . tL :yfgx?df ef/bx, xg'dfggu/, eQ]k'/, a/dlemof s~rgk'/, sNof0fk'/, kftf],
    a;f{og, cflb k|d'v x'g . oL zx/pGd'v jl:tx?n] u|fld0f 7"nf ahf/ If]qx?;Fu cGt/ ;DjGw
    /fVg] sfddf ;xof]u k'/\ofO{ /x]sf 5g\ . g]kfn ;/sf/n] xfn} u/]sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ @ j6f gofF
    gu/kflnsfx? 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] 5 . gofF gu/kflnsfx?sf] s]Gb| s~rgk'/ j]l/o/ / df]xgk'/ s]Gb|
    /flvPsf] 5 . o;/L xfn ;Kt/L lhNnfdf # j6f gu/kflnsfx? /x]sf 5g\
    /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsfsf] kl/ro
    /fhlj/fh ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] Ps dfq k'/fgf] gu/kflnsf xf] . lj=;+= !(($(% ;fndf ;Ktsf]zL
    gbLn] ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] tTsflng ;b/d'sfd xg'dfggu/nfO{ s6fg ug{ yfn]kl5 ;b/d'sfd ;fg{
    /fhlj/fhsf] :yfkgf eof] . o; gu/sf] of]hgf th'{df ^) lj3fdf OlGhlgo/ l8NnL h+un] u/]sf
    lyP . lj=;+= !((* ;fndf ;b/d'sfd xg'dfggu/af6 /fhlj/fh ;fl/of] . lj=;+= @)!^ ;fndf
    /fhlj/fhnfO{ gu/kflnsf 3f]if0ff ul/of] . 6fpg Knflgsf] b[li6sf]0fn] of] zx/ ef/tsf] hok'/
    h:t} 5. zx/L If]qsf] lj:tf/ x'Fb} hfFbf hDdf !) j8fdf afFl8Psf] /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsfsf] s'n
    If]qkmn !!=(^ ju{ lsnf]ld6/ /x]sf] 5 (CBS, 2001, p. 19) .-lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;Kt/L , ;Kt/L
    lhNnf kfZj{lrq, @)^)_ .
    hgu0fgf @)%* / @)^* cg';f/ /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsfsf] s'n hg;+Vof, 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof /
    hg3gTjsf] t'ngfTds l:ylt tflnsf g+= %=! df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=5.1: /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsfsf] hg;+Vof ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    ljj/0f
    hgu0fgf @)%*
    hgu0fgf @)^* a[l4 -k|ltztdf_
    s'n hg;+Vof
    #)#%#
    #&&#*
    @$=##
    dlxnf
    !$!%$
    !*)%$
    @&=%%
    k'?if
    !^!((
    !(^*$
    @!=%!
    3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof
    %$$%
    &&$#
    s'n If]qkmn ju{ ls=dL=
    !!=(^
    hg3gTj -k|lt ju{ ls=ld=_
    @%#&=**
    ;|f]tM Intensive Study and Research Center (2013), District & VDC Profile of Nepal-2013
    33

    hgu0fgf @)^* cg';f/ /fhlj/fh, z+e'gfy / srg?k gu/kflnsfx?sf] s'n hg;+Vof,


    3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof, hg3gTj, cf}ift kl/jf/sf] cfsf/ / n}ls cg'kft ;DjGwL tYof tflnsf g+=
    %=@ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsfg+=5.2M gu/kflnsf cg';f/sf] 3/kl/jf/sf] cfsf/, n}ls cg'kft / hg3gTj
    hg;+Vof
    gu/kflnsf
    /fhlj/fh
    zDe'gfy
    s~rg?k

    3/kl/jf/
    7751
    5817
    9430

    hDdf

    k'?if

    dlxnf

    38241
    30207
    48691

    20044
    14334
    23638

    18197
    15873
    25053

    >f]t M s]=t=lj -@)^(_ rf}dfl;s tYof ultljlw

    If]qkmn
    cf}ift
    hg3gTj
    n}ls
    -ju{ kl/jf/sf]
    -k|lt
    cg'kft
    ls=dL=_ cfsf/
    j=ls=dL=_
    12

    4.93
    5.20
    5.17

    110.2
    90.3
    94.4

    3197

    Year 35, Volume 105, No.-1, 2011/12, tflnsf

    g+= !#

    %=@jl:t ljsf;sf] :j?k / jl:t C+vnf


    d'Vo d'Vo ahf/ s]Gb|x?, s]Gb| /x]sf uflj;x?, ahf/ nfUg] lbg / ;b/d'sfdb]vLsf] b'/L ;DjGwL
    hfgsf/L tflnsf g+= %=# df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=5.3M d'Vo d'Vo ahf/ / ;b/d'sfdb]lvsf] b'/L
    qm=;= ahf/sf] gfd
    uflj;
    ahf/ nfUg] lbg
    ;b/d'sfdb]l
    vsf] b'/L
    !
    /fhlj/fh
    /fhlj/fh
    ;f]djf/ / ljlxaf/
    )
    gu/kflnsf
    @
    xg'dfggu/
    xg'dfggu/
    ;f]daf/ / ljlxaf/
    !@
    #
    s+rgk'/
    s+rgk'/
    cfO{tjf/, d+unaf/ /
    @!
    ljlxaf/
    $
    kmQ]k'/
    kmQ]k'/
    ;f]daf/ / z'qmaf/
    @#
    %
    s7f}gf
    df]xgk'/
    zlgaf/ / ;f]daf/
    !*
    ^
    sNofgk'/
    sNofgk'/
    z'qmaf/ / ;f]djf/
    @!
    &
    s8/jf]gf
    s'zxf
    zlgaf/ / a'waf/
    @&
    *
    j;f{Og
    j;f{Og
    cfO{af/ / ljlxaf/
    @^
    (
    kftf]
    kftf]
    d+unaf/ / zlgaf/
    !*
    !)
    e]l8ofxf6
    nf]xhf/f
    zlgaf/ / d+unaf/
    !*
    !!
    l;tfk'/ rf]s
    l;tfk'/
    j'waf/ / zlgaf/
    !%
    !@
    dx'nL xf6
    asw'jf
    z'qmaf/ / ;f]djf/
    @)
    !#
    lj/]Gb|ahf/
    t]/xf]tf
    z'qmaf/ / d+unaf/
    !#
    !$
    ?kgL xf6
    /fok'/
    cfO{tjf/ / j'wjf/
    (
    !%
    cgf{xf
    cgf{xf
    j'waf/ / zlgaf/
    !)
    !^
    kTy/uf8f
    kTy/uf8f
    &
    34

    qm=;= ahf/sf] gfd

    uflj;

    ahf/ nfUg] lbg

    ;b/d'sfdb]l
    vsf] b'/L
    @#
    !)
    !$
    !%
    !%
    !%
    !^
    !@
    !%
    !)
    !%
    !&
    !)
    !)
    &
    @%
    !%
    !)
    @*
    !@
    !#
    @)
    &
    !@
    #*
    #%
    @$
    @&
    @%
    @!
    @@

    !&
    l;:jf
    l;:jf
    zlgaf/ / j'wjf/
    !*
    l5Ggd:tf
    l5Ggd:tf
    cfO{tjf/ / j'wjf/
    !(
    g3f]{
    g3f]{
    z'qmaf/ / d+unjf/
    @)
    9f9f] kf]v/L
    e'6sL
    ;f]djf/ / ljlxaf/
    @!
    kf]tf{xf
    kf]tf{xf
    d+unaf/ / z'qmaf/
    @@
    vf]S;/ k|jfxf
    vf]S;/ k|jfx
    cfO{tjf/ / j'waf/
    @#
    dfg/fhf
    dfg/fhf
    zlgaf/ / j'wsf/
    @$
    ;f/:j/
    ;f/:j/
    d+unjf/ / j'wjf/
    @%
    g]u8f
    g]u8f
    @^
    sf]Onf8L
    sf]Onf8L
    cfO{tjf/ / j'wjf/
    @&
    ef/bx
    ef/bx
    d+unjf/ / z'qmaf/
    @*
    j/dlemof
    a/dlemof
    @(
    d+;fk'/
    aegudfs6\6L
    zlgaf/
    #)
    aygfxf
    aygfxf
    z'qmjf/ / d+unaf/
    #!
    l8dg
    l8dg
    #@
    ?kgu/
    ?kgu/
    j'wjf/ / zlgaf/
    ##
    eulg xf6
    sdnk'/
    a'wjf/ / zlgaf/
    #$
    ;s/k'/f
    ;s/k'/f
    #%
    l;d/fx
    7]lnof
    z'qmaf/ / ;f]djf/
    #^
    k|;jgL :s'n
    k|;jgL
    z'qmaf/ / d+unaf/
    #&
    agf}nL
    agf}nL
    a'waf/ / cfO{tjf/
    #*
    dx'nL
    jsw'jf
    z'qmjf/ / cfO{tjf/
    #(
    tf]kf
    aegudfs6\6L
    z'qmaf/ / ;f]djf/
    $)
    gx/ rf}s sf] j;f{Og
    sf] j;f{Og
    $!
    jnf{bx -cf]b|fxf_, kmQ]k'/ kmQ]k'/
    d+un, ljxL / zlgaf/
    $@
    sdnk'/
    sdnk'/
    a'waf/ / zlgjf/
    $#
    sbdfxf
    dw'k6\6L
    a'wjf/ / cfOtjf/
    $$ xlb{of
    el8of
    cfO{tjf/ / ljlxaf/
    $%
    ag/em'nf
    ag/em'nf
    cfO{tjf/ / ljlxaf/
    $^
    dw'k6\6L
    ag/em'nf
    ljlxaf/ / cfOtjf/
    $&
    e]l8of
    cfO{tjf/ / ljlxaf/
    ;|f]tM lhNnf kz';]jf sfof{no, ;Kt/L, aflif{s k'l:tsf, @)^*^(
    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf j:tL ljsf;sf] :j?k / j:tL C+vnf ;DjGwdf hgu0fgf @)%* / @)^*
    cg';f/ kfFr xhf/eGbf dflysf] hg;+Vof ePsf uflj;x? tflnsf g+= %=$ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5
    .
    35

    tflnsf g+=5.4M kfFr xhf/ eGbf dfly hg;+Vof ePsf uflj;x?


    qm=;++

    uflj;gkf

    1.
    2.
    3.
    4.
    5.
    6.
    7.
    8.
    9.
    10.
    11.
    12.
    13.
    14.
    15.
    16.
    17.
    18.
    19.
    20.
    21.
    22.
    23.
    24.
    25.
    26.
    27.
    28.
    29.
    30.
    31.
    32.
    33.
    34.
    35.
    36.
    37.
    38.
    39.

    cgf{xf
    cf}/fxL
    aSwpjf
    adgufdfsL
    agf}nL
    a;}{g -sf]=_
    aygfxf
    a]NxLrk]gf
    eujtk'/
    efxf
    ef/bx
    jL/k'/ a/xL
    la;xl/of
    af]8]a;L{g
    8fwf
    wgu9L
    w/dk'/
    wf]wgk'/
    kmls/f
    km'nsxL
    udxl/of k/jfxf
    xg'dfggu/
    xlb{of
    xl/k'/
    Og/jf km'nal/of
    O6xl/ lji0f'k'/
    hd'gLdfw]k'/
    sNof0fk'/
    sdnk'/
    s+rgk'/
    vf]hk'/
    sf]rfav/L
    s'zfxf
    nfnfk6L
    nf]xhf/f
    dfwjk'/
    dxfb]jf
    dn]sk'/
    dn]y

    s'n hg;+Vof
    @)%*

    4617
    4579
    7730
    6967
    5237
    4987
    4403
    5554
    4229
    4526
    6434
    6180
    6996
    4967
    5122
    4667
    4738
    4879
    4614
    4106
    5757
    5751
    5066
    4945
    5535
    5210
    6424
    7825
    4820
    6007
    4665
    5374
    6058
    4771
    5323
    4790
    5867
    6149
    5598

    s'n hg;+Vof
    @)^*

    5006
    5300
    8365
    8068
    5757
    5458
    5011
    5807
    5022
    6119
    7124
    6504
    7120
    5633
    6290
    5201
    5545
    5864
    5477
    5074
    6145
    6275
    5286
    5406
    5403
    6335
    7766
    8724
    5334
    7435
    5063
    6241
    6695
    5509
    5570
    5730
    5807
    6601
    6696

    36

    hg;+Vof a[l4
    389
    721
    635
    1101
    520
    471
    608
    253
    793
    1593
    690
    324
    124
    666
    1168
    534
    807
    985
    863
    968
    388
    524
    220
    461
    -132
    1125
    1342
    899
    514
    1428
    398
    867
    637
    738
    247
    940
    -60
    452
    1098

    hg;+Vof a[l4
    k|ltztdf

    8.4254
    15.746
    8.2147
    15.803
    9.9293
    9.4446
    13.809
    4.5553
    18.751
    35.197
    10.724
    5.2427
    1.7724
    13.408
    22.804
    11.442
    17.033
    20.189
    18.704
    23.575
    6.7396
    9.1115
    4.3427
    9.3225
    -2.385
    21.593
    20.89
    11.489
    10.664
    23.772
    8.5316
    16.133
    10.515
    15.468
    4.6402
    19.624
    -1.023
    7.3508
    19.614

    qm=;++
    40.
    41.
    42.
    43.
    44.
    45.
    46.
    47.
    48.
    49.
    50.
    51.
    52.
    53.
    54.
    55.
    56.
    57.

    uflj;gkf
    dNxlgof
    df}jfxf
    df]xgk'/
    gwf]{
    ks/L
    kf6f]
    kYy/uf8f
    kf]6{xf
    k|;agL
    /fdk'/fdNxlgof
    ?kgu/
    zDe'gfy
    ;/:j/
    l;d/fxf l;luo'F
    l;:jf laxL
    t]/xf}6f
    y]lnof
    lqsf}nf

    s'n hg;+Vof
    @)%*

    7477
    4095
    4923
    6066
    5798
    4378
    4938
    4592
    5604
    6165
    5070
    6275
    4739
    4487
    5762
    4490
    5850
    4065

    s'n hg;+Vof
    @)^*

    7820
    5079
    5673
    7235
    6412
    5394
    5198
    5179
    6212
    6786
    5162
    6632
    5662
    5213
    6286
    5230
    6314
    5200

    hg;+Vof a[l4
    343
    984
    750
    1169
    614
    1016
    260
    587
    608
    621
    92
    357
    923
    726
    524
    740
    464
    1135

    hg;+Vof a[l4
    k|ltztdf

    4.5874
    24.029
    15.235
    19.271
    10.59
    23.207
    5.2653
    12.783
    10.849
    10.073
    1.8146
    5.6892
    19.477
    16.18
    9.0941
    16.481
    7.9316
    27.921

    ;|f]tM Intensive Study and Research Center (2013), District & VDC Profile of Nepal-2013

    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf j:tL ljsf;sf] :j?k / j:tL C+vnf ;DjGwdf hgu0fgf @)%* / @)^*
    cg';f/ bz xhf/eGbf j9L hg;+Vofsf] ePsf uflj;x?df l5Ggd:tf, kmQ]k'/ / /fok'/ /x]sf 5g\
    . pQm uflj;x?sf] s'n hg;+Vof / a[l4b/ ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= %=% df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5
    .
    tflnsf g+=5.5:bz xhf/ eGbf dfly hg;+Vof ePsf uflj;x?
    s'n hg;+Vof
    s'n hg;+Vof
    qm=;++ uflj;gkf
    hg;+Vof a[l4
    @)%*
    @)^*
    1.
    8729
    10136
    1407
    l5Ggd:tf
    2.
    10192
    11303
    1111
    kmQ]k'/
    3.
    9573
    10214
    641
    /fok'/

    hg;+Vof a[l4
    k|ltztdf
    16.119
    10.901
    6.6959

    ;|f]tMIntensive Study and Research Center (2013), District & VDC Profile of Nepal-2013

    %=# zx/L tyf u|fdL0f If]qdf cfjf; l:ylt


    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf s'n 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof ! nfv @! xhf/ ^$ /x]sf] 5 . h;dWo] lghL 3/ kl/jf/
    ! nfv !^ xhf/ $ ;o %!, ef8fdf a:g] 3/kl/jf/ @ xhf/ ^ ;o %$ / ;+:yfut # ;o ^$
    /x]sf] 5 . o; lhNnfsf] zx/L tyf u|fld0f If]qdf cfjf; l:yltsf af/]df vf; u/L lghL, ef8f /
    ;+:yfut :jfldTj cg';f/sf] 3/ kl/jf/ ;+Vof tflnsf g+= %=^ df pNn]v 5 .
    37

    tflnsf g+=5.6:3/sf] :jfldTj cg';f/sf] 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof


    hDdf 3/ kl/jf/
    If]q
    hDdf
    lghL
    ef8f
    g]kfn
    5423297
    4623653
    694701
    k"lj{ t/fO{
    799526
    707914
    69940
    ;Kt/L
    121064
    116451
    2654

    cGo
    ;+:yfut
    34313
    7438
    364

    70630
    14234
    1595

    ;|f]tM s]lGb|o tYof ljefu, rf}dfl;s tYof ultljlw, aif{ #%, efu !)%, cs+ !, @)!!@)!@,
    tflnsf ! .

    3/sf] hu h:t} df6f]sf] hf]8fO{ ePsf], l;d]06sf] hf]8fO{ ePsf], 9nfg lkn/ ;lxtsf], sf7sf]
    vDjf cg';f/sf] 3/sf] husf] k|sf/ cg';f/sf] 3/ kl/jf/ ;+Vof ;DjGwL hfgsf/L tflnsf g+=
    %=& df pNn]v 5 .
    tflnsf g+=5.7:3/sf] husf] k|sf/ cg';f/sf] 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof
    hDdf
    If]q
    g]kfn
    k"lj{
    t/fO{
    ;Kt/L

    5423297
    799526
    121064

    husf] k|sf/
    9nfg
    sf7sf]
    lkn/
    vDjf
    ;lxtsf]
    uf8]sf]

    df6f]sf]
    hf]8fO{
    ePsf]
    O6f9'+uf

    l;d]G6sf]
    hf]8fO{
    ePsf]
    O6f9'+uf

    952702
    172962

    539004
    92709

    1350151
    417882

    126281 57718
    68404 7882

    8584

    22682

    4273

    78765

    4498

    2397441
    39687

    cGo

    gv'n]sf]

    2262

    ;|f]tM s]lGb|o tYof ljefu, rf}dfl;s tYof ultljlw, aif{ #%, efu !)%, cs+= !, @)!!@)!@,
    tflnsf @ .

    3/sf] aflx/L ufXf]sf] k|sf/ cg';f/sf] 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof ;DjGwL hfgsf/L tflnsf g+= %=* df
    k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=5.8:3/sf] aflx/L ufXf]sf] k|sf/ cg';f/sf] 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof
    hDdf
    If]q
    g]kfn
    k"lj{
    t/fO{
    ;Kt/L

    5423297
    799526
    121064

    ufXf]sf] k|sf/
    sf7kmNofs afF; hGo
    ;fdfu|L

    df6f]sf]
    hf]8fO{
    ePsf]
    O6f9'+uf

    l;d]G6sf]
    hf]8fO{
    ePsf]
    O6f9'+uf

    2244112 1558823 287859


    25546
    243388 51143

    1096988 61317 112694 61504


    461731
    1057 8200
    8461

    6349

    25367

    84001

    1511
    38

    sfrf]
    O6f

    237

    cGo

    1093

    gv'n]sf]

    2506

    ;|f]tM s]lGb|o tYof ljefu, rf}dfl;s tYof ultljlw, aif{ #%, efu !)%, cs+ !, @)!!@)!@,

    tflnsf # .

    3/sf] 5fgf] h:t} v/, k/fn, 5jfnL, h:tf, l6g, Rofb/, 6fon, vk6, lem+u6L, 9'f, l;d]06
    9nfg, sf7, kmNofs cflbsf] 5fgf]sf] k|sf/ cg';f/sf] 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof ;DjGwL hfgsf/L tflnsf
    g+= %=( df k|:t't 5 .
    tflnsf g+=5.9:3/sf] 5fgf]sf] k|sf/ cg';f/sf] 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof
    5fgf]]sf] k|sf/
    hDdf

    If]q

    v/
    k/fn
    5jfnL

    5423297

    g]kfn
    k"lj{
    t/fO{
    ;Kt/L

    h:tfl6g
    Rofb/

    6fon vk8f
    lem+u6L
    9'+uf

    l;d]069nfg sf7
    kmNofs

    df6]

    cGo

    gv'n]sf]

    1032282

    1532804

    1446998

    1219060

    44069

    59029

    22703

    66352

    799526

    197001

    386807

    69204

    132125

    3278

    2463

    8648

    121064

    62465

    27716

    13602

    14167

    617

    233

    2264

    ;|f]tM s]lGb|o tYof ljefu, rf}dfl;s tYof ultljlw, aif{ #%, efu !)%, c+s !, @)!!@)!@,

    tflnsf $ .

    kl/jf/n] aQL afNg cS;/ k|of]u ug]{ ;fwgx? h:t} ljh'nL, dLt]n, uf]a/JofF;, ;f]nf/ cflb
    cg';f/sf] 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof tflnsf g+= %=!) df pNn]v 5 .
    tflnsf g+=5.10M kl/jf/n] aQL afNg cS;/ k|of]u ug]{ ;fwg cg';f/sf] 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof
    If]q
    g]kfn

    hDdf
    5423279

    k"jL{ t/fO{

    799526

    ;Kt/L

    121064

    lah'nL

    3647746
    (67%)
    576181
    (72%)
    50747
    (42%)

    aQL afNg cS;/ k|of]u ePsf] ;fwg


    dLt]n
    uf]a/UofF;
    ;f]nf/
    cGo

    991510
    (18%)
    206807
    26%)
    66975
    (55%)

    15264
    (0.3%)
    2715
    (0.3%)
    277
    (0.3)

    403504
    (7%)
    6636
    (1%)
    1213
    (1%)

    330170
    (6%)
    1973
    (.2%)
    156
    (0.1%)

    gv'n]sf]
    35103
    (1%)
    5214
    (1%)
    1696
    (1%)

    gf]6M sf]i7s -_ leq /x]sf] c+sn] ;DjlGwt ;"rssf] e|dfz+ -k|ltzt_ nfO{ hgfpF5 .
    ;|f]t M s]lGb|o tYof ljefu, @)^( r}q, rf}dfl;s tYof ultljlw, aif{ #%, efu !)%, c+s !, @)!!@)!@,
    tflnsf & .

    39

    6.

    v08^M lhNnfsf] cfly{s tyf /f]huf/Lsf] l:ylt

    ^=!lhNnf cy{tGqsf] ;+/rgfTds :j?k


    o; lhNnfsf] ;du| cy{tGqsf] cj:yfsf af/]df pNn]v ubf{ s[lif, kz', l;+rfO{, dnvfb, pBf]u
    tyf vfgL, Jofkf/, ko{6g tyf ;]jf If]qcflbsf] rrf{ ug{' pko'Qm ePsf]n] tn logLx?s} af/]df
    pNn]v ug]{ oyf{y l:ylt emNsfpg] k|of; ul/Psf] 5 .
    ^=@ s[lif
    lgjf{xd'vL s[lif pTKffbg k|0ffnLnfO{ ljljlws/0f tyf Joj;foLs/0f u/L k|lt:kwf{Tds P+j
    dof{lbt s[lif k]zfsf] ?kdf ?kfGt/0f u/L lbuf] s[lif ljsf;sf] dfWodaf6 s[ifsx?sf]
    hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no ;Kt/L lqmoflzn /x]sf] 5 . o;n] lbuf]
    s[lif ljsf; / jftfj/0f ;+/If0f ljr ;Gt'ng sfod ub}{ k|fs[lts >f]t ;fwfgx?sf] ;+/If0f,
    ;+j4{g tyf ;b'kof]u ug]{ / s[lif pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTjdf kl/0ffTds P+j u'0ffTds a[l4 u/L
    lhNnfdf vfB kf]if0f ;'/Iff ;'lglZrt ug]{ / lgsf;L of]Uo pRr d"Nojfg afnL a:t'x?sf]
    pTkfbg a9fO cfoft k|lt:yfkg tyf lgof{t k|j4{g ug]{ tkm{ lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no
    sfo{/t /x]sf] 5 . lhNnfsf] ;du| s[lif If]qsf] cfwf/e"t tYof o; k|sf/ tflnsf g+= ^=! df
    pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.1M aflif{s cfwf/e"t tYof
    qm=;= ;"rs
    cf=j= @)^*^( cf=j= @)^(&) km/s
    ! s'n s[ifs kl/jf/
    #)*@^
    #)*%)
    @$
    @ v]tL ul/Psf] hldg -x]S6/_
    &))))
    &))))
    )
    @=! v]t -x]S6/_
    ;|f]tM lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, ;Kt/L, aflif{s s[lif ljsf; sfo{qmd tyf tYof k'l:tsf
    @)^(&),
    k|d'v afnLx? / afnLdf nfUg] d'Vo d'Vo /f]ux? tyf ls/fx? ;DjGwL hfgsf/L tflnsf g+= ^=@
    df pNn]v 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.2M k|d'v afnLx?df nfUg] d'Vo /f]u tyf ls/fx?
    qm=;= afnL
    /f]u
    ls/f
    ! wfg
    d?jf, ljPnlj, v}/f
    kft a]?jf, ujf/f] / km8\s]
    @ ux'
    kmf]lno/ AnfO{6
    # ds}
    8f+7 s'lxg], 3f]3f s'lxg]
    km]b s6'jf v'd|], ujf/f]
    $ cfn'
    89'jf
    v'd|], cfnsf] k'tnL
    % sfpnL;d'x
    j]gf{ s'lxg], cN6/g]l/of lnkm s6ad{, jGbfsf] k'tnL nfxL,
    AnfO{6, af]/f]gsf] sdL
    8L=aL= Pd.
    ^ uf]ne]8f, eG6f, 79'jf /f]u, cf]Onfpg], df]Hofs
    nfxL, ;]tf] lem+uff, kmn ujf/f],
    v';f{gL
    dfO6;, ly|K;
    40

    qm=;= afnL
    /f]u
    & Kofh
    a]gf{ s'lxg], kft 89'jf
    * nx/]
    t/sf/L kfp8/L ldN8, uf]df]l;;
    jfnL ;d'x

    ls/f
    u|LK;
    /ftf] vK6], kmn s'xfpg] cf};f
    sL/f, ly|K;, dfO6;, kt]/f],
    nfxL
    ( t]nxg afnL
    cN6/g]l/of lnkm :kf]6
    nfxL
    !) cfFk
    PGy|]sgf]h
    dw'jf, :6f]n jLlen, 8fF7df
    nfUg] ujf/], kmn s'xfpg] cf}zf
    sL/f
    ;|f]tM lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, ;Kt/L, aflif{s s[lif ljsf; sfo{qmd tyf tYof k'l:tsf
    @)^(&)
    lhNnfsf] k|d'v cGgafnLx? ltgLx?sf] v]tL x'g] If]qkmn, pTkfbg / pTKffbsTj ;DjGwL cf=j=
    @)^*)^( sf] tYof tflnsf g+= ^=# df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.3M lhNnfdf cGgafnLsf] If]qkmn, pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj -cf=j= @)^*)^(_
    cGgafnL
    If]qkmn -x]=_
    pTkfbg -d]=6=_
    pTkfbsTj - s]hLx]=_
    60000
    177000
    2950
    wfg
    4000
    8000
    2000
    ds}
    250
    375
    1500
    sf]bf]
    18000
    45600
    2533
    ux'F
    ;|f]t M GoN/MoAD/Agri-Business Promotion and Statistics Division, Statistics Section, Statistical
    Information on Nepalese Agriculture 2011/012, Table 1.2

    lhNnfsf] gub]afnLsf] If]qkmn, pTkfbg / pTKffbsTj ;DjGwL cf=a= @)^*)^( sf] tYof
    tflnsf g+= ^=$ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.4M gub]afnLsf] If]qkmn, pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj -cf=j= @)^*)^(_
    gub]afnL
    If]qkmn -x]=_
    pTkfbg -d]=6=_
    pTkfbsTj - s]hLx]=_
    4200
    3440
    0.82
    t]nxg
    5150
    62904
    12214
    cfn'
    40
    1600
    400000
    pv'
    ;|f]t M GoN/MoAD/Agri-Business Promotion and Statistics Division, Statistics Section, Statistical
    Information on Nepalese Agriculture 2011/012, Table 2.2

    lhNnfsf] t]nxgafnLsf] If]qkmn, pTkfbg / pTKffbsTj ;DjGwL cf=a= @)^*)^( sf] tYof
    tflnsf g+= ^=% df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.5M t]nxg afnLsf] If]qkmn, pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj -cf=j= @)^*)^(_
    t]nxg
    tf]/L
    ;/:o"F

    If]qkmn -x]=_
    2000
    800

    pTkfbg -d]=6=_
    1800
    720

    41

    pTkfbsTj -s]hLx]=_
    900
    900

    t]nxg
    If]qkmn -x]=_
    700
    /fof]
    100
    ;'o{d'vL
    100
    ltn
    500
    cfn;
    ;|f]tMGoN/MoAD/Agri-Business Promotion

    pTkfbg -d]=6=_
    560
    90
    70
    200

    pTkfbsTj -s]hLx]=_
    800
    900
    700
    400

    and Statistics Division, Statistics Section, Statistical


    Information on Nepalese Agriculture 2011/012, Table 2.3

    lhNnfsf] d'Vo d;nfafnLsf] If]qkmn, pTkfbg / pTKffbsTj ;DjGwL cf=a= @)^*)^( sf]
    tYof tflnsf g+= ^=^ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.6M d'Vo d;nfafnLsf] If]qkmn, pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj -cf=j= @)^*)^(_
    d;nfafnL
    If]qkmn -x]=_
    pTkfbg -d]=6=_
    pTkfbsTj - s]hLx]=_
    110
    770
    7.00
    cb'jf
    115
    920
    8.00
    n;'g
    268
    3220
    12.01
    a];f/
    270
    675
    2.50
    v';f{gL
    hDdf

    763

    5585

    7.32

    ;|f]t M GoN/MoAD/Agri-Business Promotion and Statistics Division, Statistics Section, Statistical


    Information on Nepalese Agriculture 2011/012, Table 2.12

    lhNnfsf] bnxgafnLsf] If]qkmn, pTkfbg / pTKffbsTj ;DjGwL cf=a= @)^*)^( sf] tYof
    tflnsf g+= ^=& df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g++=6.7Mbnxg afnLsf] If]qkmn, pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj -cf=j= @)^*)^(_
    bnxg afnL
    If]qkmn -x]=_
    pTkfbg -d]=6=_
    pTkfbsTj - s]hLx]=_
    7125
    8676
    1218
    d';'/f]
    831
    439
    528
    ;fgf] s]/fp
    571
    430
    753
    c8x/
    41
    21
    504
    df;
    13
    14
    1077
    3f; s]/fp
    763
    384
    504
    uxt
    20
    21
    1007
    e6df;
    1056
    995
    942
    cGo
    10420
    10979
    1054
    hDdf
    ;|f]t M GoN/MoAD/Agri-Business Promotion and Statistics Division, Statistics Section, Statistical
    Information on Nepalese Agriculture 2011/012, Table 3.2

    lhNnfdf ePsf 3/kfn'jf hgjf/x?sf] ;+Vof ;DjGwdf cf=a= @)^*)^( sf] tYof tflnsf g+=
    ^=* df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    42

    tflnsf g+=6.8M 3/kfn'jf hgfj/sf] ;+Vof / ljt/0f -cf=j= @)^*^(_


    qm=;+=
    ljj/0f
    ;+Vof
    162383
    !
    ufO{
    105380
    @
    e};L
    1006
    #
    e]8f
    174963
    $
    afv|f
    17622
    %
    ;'+u'/
    831735
    ^
    s'v'/f
    8667
    &
    xfF;
    ;|f]t M GoN/MoAD/Agri-Business Promotion and Statistics Division, Statistics Section, Statistical
    Information on Nepalese Agriculture 2011/012, Table 4.3

    cf=a= @)^*)^( df lhNnfdf b'w lbg] hgjf/x? / pTkfbg ;DjGwL tYof tflnsf g+= ^=(
    df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.9M b'w lbg] hgfj/x? / pTkfbg -cf=j= @)^*)^(_
    ufO{
    e};L
    s"n b'w pTkfbg -d]=6=_
    ;+Vof pTkfbg -d]6_
    ;+Vof
    pTkfbg -d]6_
    17126
    8730
    27353
    24343
    33073
    ;|f]t M GoN/MoAD/Agri-Business Promotion and Statistics Division, Statistics Section, Statistical
    Information on Nepalese Agriculture 2011/012, Table 4.4

    cf=a= @)^*)^( df lhNnfdfx'g] df;' pTkfbg ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= $$ df pNn]v
    ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.10M v'b df;' pTkfbg / o;sf] ljt/0f -cf=j= @)^*)^(_
    qm=;+= df;'sf] k|sf/
    pTkfbg -d]=6=_
    1
    /fFuf]sf] df;'
    2377
    2
    d6g
    5
    3
    v;Lsf] df;'
    2106
    4
    a+u'/sf] df;'
    291
    5
    s'v'/fsf] df;'
    744
    6
    xfF;sf] df;'
    6
    hDdf pTkfbg
    5529
    ;|f]t M GoN/MoAD/Agri-Business Promotion and Statistics Division, Statistics Section, Statistical
    Information on Nepalese Agriculture 2011/012, Table 4.5

    43

    cf=a= @)^*)^( df lhNnfsf] c08f pTkfbg ;DjGwL tYof tflnsf g+= ^=!! df pNn]v
    ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.11Mc08f pTkfbg / ljt/0f -c08f ;+Vof !))) df_
    s'v'/f
    xfF;
    s"n c08f pTkfbg
    ;+Vof
    c08f ;+Vof
    ;+Vof
    c08f ;+Vof
    123097

    10909

    6624

    544

    11453

    ;|f]t M GoN/MoAD/Agri-Business Promotion and Statistics Division, Statistics Section, Statistical


    Information on Nepalese Agriculture 2011/012, Table 4.6

    cf=a= @)^*)^( df lhNnfdf pg pTkfbg ;DjGwL tYof tflnsf g+= ^=!@ df pNn]v
    ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.12M pg pTkfbg / ljt/0f -cf=j= @)^*)^(_
    e]8fsf] ;+Vof
    pg pTkfbg -s]=hL=_
    1006

    735

    ;|f]t M GoN/MoAD/Agri-Business Promotion and Statistics Division, Statistics Section, Statistical


    Information on Nepalese Agriculture 2011/012, Table 4.7

    cf=a= @)^*)^( df lhNnfdf tnfpsf] If]qkmn / df5fsf] pTkfbg ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+=
    ^=!# df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.13M tnfpmsf] If]qkmn / df5fsf] pTkfbg -cf=j= @)^*)^(_
    kf]v/Lsf] ;+Vof
    kf]v/Lsf] If]qkmn s"n df5f
    pTkfbsTj s]=hL=x]=
    x]S6/_
    2120

    906

    3200000

    3532

    ;|f]t M GoN/MoAD/Agri-Business Promotion and Statistics Division, Statistics Section, Statistical


    Information on Nepalese Agriculture 2011/012, Table 5.3

    cf=a= @)^*)^( df lhNnfdf cldnf] kmnkm"nsf] pTkfbg If]qkmn / pTkfbg ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+= ^=!$ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.14M cldnf] kmnkm"nsf] pTkfbg If]qkmn / pTkfbg -cf=j= @)^*)^(_
    cldnf] kmnkm"n
    If]qkmn -x]=_
    pTkfbg If]qkmn pTkfbg pTkfbsTj
    x]=_
    d]=6=_
    d]=6=x]=
    5
    5
    35.5
    7.10
    sfutL
    hDdf

    36

    7.10

    ;|f]t MGoN/MoAD/Agri-Business Promotion and Statistics Division, Statistics Section, Statistical


    Information on Nepalese Agriculture 2011/012, Table 6.2

    44

    cf=a= @)^*)^( df lhNnfdf pi0f kmnkm"nsf] If]qkmn, pTKfbg / pTkfbg If]qkmn ;DjGwL
    ljj/0f tflnsf g+= ^=!% df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.15M pi0f kmnkm"nsf] If]qkmn, pTkfbg / pTkfbg If]qkmn
    pi0f kmnkm"n
    If]qkmn -x]=_
    pTkfbg If]qkmn - pTkfbg -d]=6=_
    pTkfbsTj
    x]=_
    d]=6=x]=
    5450
    4415
    27715
    6.28
    cfFk
    1000
    800
    7910
    9.89
    s]/f
    20
    10
    50
    5
    cDaf
    55
    45
    400
    8.89
    d]jf
    30
    25
    665
    26.60
    ?v s6x/
    18
    14
    217
    15.50
    e'OFs6x/
    155
    142
    987
    6.95
    lnRrL
    12
    10
    16
    1.60
    cf/sfg6
    14
    7
    18
    2.57
    gl/jn
    s"n hDdf

    6754

    5468

    37978

    6.95

    ;|f]t MGoN/MoAD/Agri-Business Promotion and Statistics Division, Statistics Section, Statistical


    Information on Nepalese Agriculture 2011/012, Table 6.4

    cf=a= @)^*)^( df lhNnfdf pknJw t/sf/Lsf] If]qkmn, pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj ;DjGwL


    ljj/0f tflnsf g+= ^=!^ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.16M t/sf/Lsf] If]qkmn, pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj -cf=j= @)^*)^(_
    t/sf/Lsf] lsl;d
    sfpnL
    aGbf
    a|f]sfpnL
    uf]ne]8f
    d'nf
    a|f]8 d:68{ lnkm
    ufh/
    e]8] v';f{gL
    s]/fp
    k|m]+r aLg
    k|m]+r aLg kf]n 6fOk
    sfpkL

    If]qkmn -x]=_

    pTkfbg -d]=6=_

    2100
    1750
    3
    540
    350
    50
    20
    2
    45
    21
    15
    435

    25200
    23100
    23
    8100
    4200
    645
    218
    8
    212
    160
    165
    4220

    pTkfbsTj

    12
    13
    8
    15
    12
    13
    11
    4
    5
    8
    11
    10

    -d]=6=x]=_

    ;|f]t MGoN/MoAD/Agri-Business Promotion and Statistics Division, Statistics Section, Statistical


    Information on Nepalese Agriculture 2011/012, Table 6.6

    cf=a= @)^*)^( sf] df}Hbft / cf=a= @)^()&) df lhNnfdf k|fKt dnvfbsf] sf/f]jf/
    ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= ^=!& df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    45

    tflnsf g+=6.17M dnvfbsf] sf/f]af/ l:ylt, cf=a= @)^(&) -d]= 6g_


    dnsf] k|sf/ cf=a= @)^*^( cf=a= @)^(&) hDdf df}Hbft cf=a= @)^(&) cf=a= @)^(&)
    sf] df}Hbfg
    sf] k|fKt
    sf] nIo
    sf] lalqm kl/df0f
    o'l/of
    6200
    2791300
    2797500
    2500000
    2538500
    l8PkL
    2758750
    2758750
    1000000
    2547850
    kf]6f;
    110600
    110600
    100000
    110600
    edL{sDkf]i6
    7050
    92600
    99650
    71625
    hDdf
    13250
    5753250
    5766500
    3600000
    5268575
    >f]tM lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no ;Kt/L, aflif{s s[lif ljsf; sfo{qmd tyf tYof+s k'l:tsf, @)^(&)

    cf=a= @)^*)^( / @)^()&) df lhNnfdf /x]sf] xf6ahf/ ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+=
    ^=!* df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.18M xf6ahf/ ;DaGwL ljj/0f
    xf6ahf/sf] lsl;d
    OsfO{
    cf=a= @)^*^(
    cf=a= @)^(&)
    cw{ ;fKtflxt
    ;+Vof
    !
    !
    ;fKtflxs
    ;+Vof
    !^
    !^
    >f]tM lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no ;Kt/L, aflif{s s[lif ljsf; sfo{qmd tyf tYof+s k'l:tsf, @)^(&)

    cf=a= @)^*)^( / @)^()&) df lhNnfdf /x]sf] l;t e08f/ ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+=
    ^=!( df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.19M l;t e08f/ ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    ljj/0f
    cf=a= @)^*^(
    cf=a= @)^(&)
    ;+Vof
    !
    !
    Ifdtf -d]=6=_
    !@))
    !^
    >f]tM lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no ;Kt/L, aflif{s s[lif ljsf; sfo{qmd tyf tYof+s k'l:tsf, @)^(&)

    cf=a= @)^*)^(df lhNnfdf vfB pknJwtf / cfjZostf ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= ^=@)
    df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.20M vfB pknAwtf / cfjZostfsf] l:ylt -cf=j= @)^*)^(_
    wfg

    96330

    ds}

    684

    vfB pTkfbg -d]=6=_


    sf]bf]
    ux'F
    hf}+

    306

    36291

    kmfk/

    hDdf

    133611

    cfjZostf d]=6=_
    118529

    ;+lrlt
    15082

    ;|f]t MGoN/MoAD/Agri-Business Promotion and Statistics Division, Statistics Section, Statistical


    Information on Nepalese Agriculture 2011/012, Table 11.8

    lhNnfdf cjl:yt s[lif ;]jf s]Gb|x?n] tL ;]jf s]Gb|x?n] ;]jf k'ofpg] uflj;x? ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+= ^=@! df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

    46

    tflnsf g+=6.21M s[lif ;]jf s]Gb|n] ;]jf k'/\ofpg] uflj;x?sf] ljj/0f


    qm=;=
    1.
    2.
    3.
    4.
    5.
    6.
    7.
    8.
    9.
    10.
    11.
    12.
    13.
    14.
    15.
    16.
    17.
    18.
    19.
    20.
    21.
    22.
    23.
    24.
    25.
    26.
    27.
    28.
    29.
    30.
    31.
    32.
    33.
    34.
    35.
    36.
    37.

    uflj;sf] gfd

    v]tL ul/Psf] If]qkmn

    s'n If]qkmn -x]=_

    != s[lif ;]jf s]Gb|, s~rgk'/


    477.87
    s~rgk'/
    610.68
    wd{k'/
    1197.43
    ?kgu/
    1197.17
    7]lnof
    502.57
    hutk'/
    406.84
    jbufdf
    582.19
    a/dlemof
    832.32
    dwjfk'/
    648.52
    kf]tf{xf
    1918.88
    ef/bx
    1450.15
    jsw'jf
    1006.62
    nf]xhf/f
    468.66
    d}gfs8]/L
    590.68
    l8dg
    696.25
    lqsf]n
    108.45
    j]/jf
    1318.79
    kmQ]k'/
    584.06
    cf]b|fxf
    581.3
    sdnk'/
    1201.53
    3f]3gk'/
    542.14
    lkk|fk"j{
    948.62
    l;tfk'/
    1161.34
    k|;jgL
    655.66
    h08f}n
    639.04
    xl/x/k'/
    507.55
    uf]O7L
    @= s[lif ;]jf s]Gb|, sf]rfavf/L
    462.74
    b]p/L e?jf
    747.78
    sf]rfavf/L
    947
    a/xLlj/k'/
    685.44
    kmls/f
    1432.35
    l5Ggd:tf
    808.88
    nfnfkL
    362.24
    nf}lgof
    438.98
    ltnf7L
    951.34
    ljifxl/of
    692.59
    O6x/L lji0f'k'/
    1031.62
    l;d|xf l;+Uof}g
    47

    wgx/

    eL6

    366.86
    424.71
    648.33
    819.74
    433.95
    345.45
    484.56
    751.62
    506.22
    1735.56
    964.32
    481.14
    350.57
    458.08
    583.2
    844.8
    799.35
    432.02
    477.93
    470.73
    487.33
    815.63
    853.61
    532.66
    524.14
    432.31

    80.8
    161.22
    303.34
    100.44
    46.37
    26.17
    43.02
    40.19
    7.62
    87.01
    252.25
    87.86
    25.67
    88.8
    33.59
    81.82
    163.57
    74.76
    29.36
    119.27
    20.13
    48.39
    149.9
    76.7
    72.3
    39.36

    362.78
    650.72
    862.52
    558.91
    1196.13
    683.72
    328.42
    553.13
    808.61
    590.68
    841.66

    20.94
    21.86
    48.34
    49.72
    112.66
    67.09
    17.72
    42.16
    45.07
    48.05
    45.6

    qm=;=
    38.
    39.
    40.
    41.
    42.
    43.
    44.
    45.
    46.
    47.
    48.
    49.
    50.
    51.
    52.
    53.
    54.
    55.
    56.
    57.
    58.
    59.
    60.
    61.
    62.
    63.
    64.
    65.
    66.
    67.
    68.
    69.
    70.
    71.
    72.
    73.
    74.
    75.

    uflj;sf] gfd

    v]tL ul/Psf] If]qkmn

    s'n If]qkmn -x]=_

    #= s[lif ;]jf s]Gb|, kftf]


    611.41
    ag}lgof
    675.64
    kftf]
    640.32
    t/xL
    635.27
    e'txL
    968.98
    cf}/xL
    774.44
    em'6sL
    1040.65
    g3f]{
    752.88
    jgf}nL
    781.7
    cgf{xf
    526.98
    jgf}nf
    870.4
    kTy/uf8f
    963.1
    udxl/of k|jfxf
    861.46
    j]nxL rk]gf
    717.99
    j|Xdk'/
    613
    sljnf;f
    $= s[lif ;]jf s]Gb|, af]b] a/;fOg
    590.83
    af]b] j;f{Og
    762.92
    km'nsfxL
    535.76
    dfg/fhf
    802.22
    /f}tx6
    774.19
    sfrg
    595.21
    b]p/L
    526.38
    df}jfxf
    813.99
    j]NxL
    384.51
    /fdgu/
    1579.27
    dNxlgof
    827.94
    l;:jf j]NxL
    678.41
    wgu9L
    790.49
    g]u8f
    650.1
    ;f/:j/
    623.75
    v8uk'/
    %= s[lif ;]jf s]Gb|, s8/jf]gf
    555.92
    l6s'lnof
    806.59
    k6]jf{
    896.21
    vf]hk'/
    602.6
    xlb{of
    1016.41
    bf}ntk'/
    934.15
    dw'kL
    976.45
    s'zxf
    1012.6
    xl/k'/
    48

    wgx/

    eL6

    498.64
    543.17
    554.84
    563.36
    798.36
    669
    805.72
    620.14
    658.58
    423.18
    721.02
    845.08
    733.09
    608.75
    440

    40.38
    51.14
    20.41
    36.36
    37.6
    28.38
    52.86
    39.26
    52.02
    41.17
    42.25
    41.16
    55.18
    52.16
    41.43

    393.3
    609.12
    404.07
    723.14
    602.7
    472.74
    445.1
    594.52
    287.8
    647.07
    710.55
    569.69
    622.06
    531.85
    502.17

    47.74
    39.7
    38.19
    44.68
    83.83
    46.82
    31.68
    63.85
    41.96
    179.23
    53.59
    56.47
    22.12
    46.68
    33.1

    365.98
    402.06
    621.36
    549.0
    602.01
    664.96
    995.87
    848.97

    75.20
    104.35
    159.73
    126.88
    185.66
    170.91
    332.09
    59.38

    qm=;=
    76.
    77.
    78.
    79.
    80.
    81.
    82.
    83.
    84.
    85.
    86.
    87.
    88.
    89.
    90.
    91.
    92.
    93.
    94.
    95.
    96.
    97.
    98.
    99.
    100.
    101.
    102.
    103.
    104.
    105.
    106.
    107.
    108.
    109.
    110.
    111.

    uflj;sf] gfd

    v]tL ul/Psf] If]qkmn

    s'n If]qkmn -x]=_

    wgx/

    588.96
    dnxgjf
    710.73
    kG;]/f
    669.54
    jg/e'mnf
    920.99
    lkk|f klZrd
    ^= s[lif ;Dks{ s]Gb|, tf]kf
    896.64
    dxb]jf
    464.74
    eujtk'/
    313.73
    Ogjf{
    863.58
    jegufdf sL
    477.38
    sf]= dw]k'/f
    863.08
    ks/L
    534.6
    8f9f
    578.25
    jygfxf
    &= s[lif ;Dks{ s]Gb|, xg'dfggu/
    1144.75
    hf]lulgof ! g+=
    555.59
    hf]lulgof @ g+=
    983.38
    xg'dfggu/
    783.38
    uf]a/uf9f
    318.06
    sf]Onf8L
    1704.96
    sf]= a/;fOg
    343.10
    ;s/k'/f
    1579.27
    /dk'/f dNxlgof
    *= s[lif ;Dks{ s]Gb|, dn]sk'/
    778.13
    af]l/of
    1018.2
    dn]sk'/
    1094.2
    hd'gL dw]k'/f
    695.71
    dn]7
    506.27
    km;}{7
    734.79
    lbwjf
    990.67
    /fhlj/fh g=kf=
    (= s[lif ;Dks{ s]Gb|, sNof0fk'/
    1457.36
    sNof0fk'/
    1079.59
    e+uxf
    500.38
    d}gf ;x;|jfx'
    530.46
    df]xgk'/
    718.54
    /fdk'/ hd'jf
    675.65
    a;jnk'/
    840.59
    Ogjf{ km'njl/of
    !)= s[lif ;Dks{ s]Gb|, ?kgL
    1669.39
    /fok'/
    987.84
    vf]S;/ k|jfxf

    49

    eL6

    504.16
    584.64
    554.75
    325.94

    30.62
    89.24
    90.89
    230.3

    745.81
    400.27
    272.67
    753.63
    426.1
    736.04
    482.21
    533.47

    40.31
    32.13
    24.6
    59.48
    30.33
    46.92
    23.62

    1046.37
    431.34
    911.05
    711.05
    229.55
    1616.41
    272.31
    447.04

    57.17
    25.35
    21.28
    21.28
    33.11
    41.01
    28.71
    179.12

    614.04
    824.31
    858.32
    559.45
    420.85
    512.31
    693.90

    80.17
    58.83
    94.6
    107.04
    54.57
    35.55
    219.99

    850.53
    655.32
    415.36
    426.18
    603.19
    541.1
    695.06

    291.34
    207.67
    60.37
    59.62
    36.86
    65.38
    64.3

    1160.90
    489.12

    270.10
    375.16

    qm=;=
    112.
    113.
    114.
    115.

    uflj;sf] gfd
    t}/xf]tf
    s6}of
    a;ljl
    zDe'gfy

    v]tL ul/Psf] If]qkmn

    s'n If]qkmn -x]=_

    wgx/

    1049.87
    615.48
    355
    1174.87

    eL6

    678.19
    388.41
    283.54
    947.30

    147.32
    62.45
    48.3
    12.45

    >f]tM lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no ;Kt/L, aflif{s s[lif ljsf; sfo{qmd tyf tYof+s k'l:tsf, @)^(&)

    lhNnfsf] afnL k|0ffnL tyf afnL ;3gtf ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= ^=@@ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5
    .
    tflnsf g+=6.22M afln k|0ffnL tyf afnL ;3gtf
    l;+lrt If]q
    cw{ l;+lrt If]q
    cl;+lrt If]q
    wfg wfg cfn'
    wfg ux'F vfnL
    wfg Kofh vfnL
    wfg wfg ux'F
    wfg t]nxg vfnL
    wfg vfnL vfnL
    wfg cfn' vfnL
    wfg cfn' vfnL
    wfg bnxg vfnL
    wfg ux'F d'Fu
    wfg vfnL vfnL
    wfg cfn' vfnL
    wfg ux'F r}t] wfg
    wfg Kofh vfnL
    wfg t/sf/L vfnL
    wfg t/sf/L
    wfg bnxg vfnL
    ds} t]nxg vfnL
    wfg ux'F d'Fu
    wfg t/sf/L vfnL
    wfg ux'F vfnL
    wfg ux'F d'+u
    wfg Kofh vfnL
    >f]tM lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no ;Kt/L, aflif{s s[lif ljsf; sfo{qmd tyf tYof+s k'l:tsf, @)^(&)

    cf=a= @)^()&) df lhNnfsf] vfBfGg jf;nft ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= ^=@# df pNn]v
    ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.23M lhNnfsf] vfBfGg jf;nft cf=a= @)^(&)
    afln pTkfbg
    If]qkmn
    vfBfGg pTkfbg
    e08f/0f Iflt
    k|ltzt
    afFsL
    cfjZos aLp
    jLp b/
    kz'k+IfL cfxf/
    k|ltzt
    afFsL
    dlb/fdf k|of]u
    k|ltzt
    afFsL
    k|zf]wg gf]S;fg

    OsfO{
    x]S6/
    d]=6=
    d]=6=

    d]=6=
    d]=6=
    s]hLx]=
    d]=6=

    d]=6=
    d]=6=

    d]=6=
    d]=6=

    wfg

    ux'F

    20750
    57625
    5762.5
    10
    51862.5
    1245
    60
    611.5
    1.2
    50006
    500
    1
    49506
    18812.3

    15000
    30000
    3600
    12
    26400
    1800
    120
    396
    1.5
    24204
    242
    1
    23962
    958.48

    50

    ds}

    2500
    6050
    1028.5
    17
    5021.5
    62.5
    25
    1506.4
    30
    3452.6
    69.1
    2
    3383.5
    135.35

    sf]bf]

    200
    240
    48
    2
    192
    3
    15
    2.5
    1.3
    186.5
    149.2
    80
    37.3
    0.19

    hDdf

    38450
    93915
    10439
    83476
    3110.5
    220
    2516.4
    77849.1
    960.3
    76888.8
    19906.31

    afln pTkfbg
    k|ltzt
    afFsL
    l56km'6
    k|ltzt
    vfg of]Uo

    OsfO{

    d]=6=
    d]=6=

    d]=6=

    wfg

    ux'F

    38
    30693.7
    537.14
    1.75
    30156.6

    4
    23003.52
    230
    1
    22773.5

    ds}

    4
    3248.15
    32.5
    1
    3215.65

    sf]bf]

    0.5
    37.11
    0.45
    1
    36.66

    hDdf
    56982.48
    800.09
    56182.39

    >f]tM lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no ;Kt/L, aflif{s s[lif ljsf; sfo{qmd tyf tYof+s k'l:tsf, @)^(&)

    cf=a= @)^()&) df lhNnfsf] vfBfGg ;+lrltsf] cj:yf ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= ^=@$ df
    pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.24M lhNnfdf VffBGg ;+lrltsf] cj:yf -@)^(&)_
    ljj/0f

    OsfO{
    kl/df0f
    lhNnfsf] s'n hg;+Vof
    ;+Vof
    672,863
    lhNnfsf] s'n vfBfGg pTkfbg
    d]=6=
    93,915
    k|lt JolQm rflxg] cfjZos vfBfGg
    s]hL
    201
    lhNnfsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ vfBfGg
    d]=6=
    135,245.38
    lhNnfsf] nflu jflif{s s'n vfBfGg pknAwtf
    d]=6=
    56,182.39
    lhNnfdf gk'u vfBfGg
    d]=6=
    -79,062.99
    >f]tM lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no ;Kt/L, aflif{s s[lif ljsf; sfo{qmd tyf tYof+s k'l:tsf, @)^(&)

    ^=#l;+rfO{
    ;Kt/L lhNnfdfs'n &^ xhf/ ( ;o $( x]S6/ e"ld dWo] %^ xhf/ * ;o ^# x]S6/ hldgdf
    l;+rfO{ ;'ljwf k'u]sf] 5 . tflnsf g+= ^=@% cg';f/ ;Kt/L lhNnfdf sl/j &$ k|ltzt If]qkmn
    hldgdf l;+rfO{ ;'ljwf pknJw /x]sf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.25M l;+rfO{sf] jt{dfg cj:yf -cf=j= @)^*)^(_
    s"n If]qkmn -x]S6/df_

    l;+lrt If]qkmn -x]S6/df_

    l;+lrt If]qkmn _k|ltzt_

    76949
    56863
    73.89
    ;|f]t M GoN/MoAD/Agri-Business Promotion and Statistics Division, Statistics Section, Statistical
    Information on Nepalese Agriculture 2011/012, Table 10.1

    lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no ;Kt/Lsf] aflif{s s[lif ljsf; sfo{qmd tyf tYof+s k'l:tsf,
    @)^(&) cg';f/ ;Kt/L lhNnfdf pknJw l;+rfO{sf >f]tx? ;DjGwL ljj/0fx? tflnsf g+=
    ^=@^ df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

    51

    tflnsf g+=6.26M ljleGg l;+RffO{ k|0ffnLx?sf] l;rfO{ ;'ljwf


    l;+rfO{ >f]tx?
    l;+rfO{ Ifdtf - l;+lrt If]q -x]=_
    x]=_
    rGb| gx/af6
    sf]zL klZrdL gx/ ljt/0f k|0ffnL tkm{
    sf]zL kDk gx/ k|0ffnL
    sf]zL ljt/0f k|0ffnL
    u|fld0f k"jf{wf/ ljsf; sfo{qmd
    l;+rfO{ ;]S6/x?
    hDdf

    10500

    8000

    13300
    11700
    3655
    5845
    45000

    6616
    7853
    3655
    2500
    28624

    s'n Ifdtfsf]
    pkof]u k|ltzt
    76.2

    49.7
    67.1
    100.0
    42.8
    63.6

    >f]tM lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no ;Kt/L, aflif{s s[lif ljsf; sfo{qmd tyf tYof+s k'l:tsf,
    @)^(&)
    lhNnfdf ;]S6/ sfo{qmd cGtu{t l;+rfO{ ;'ljwf k'u]sf uflj;x? / If]qkmn ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+= ^=@& df pNn]v 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.27M ;]S6/ sfo{qmd cGtu{t l;+rfO{ ;'ljwf k'u]sf uflj;x? / If]qkmn
    qm=;= >f]t
    uflj;
    l;+lrt If]qkmn -x]=_
    380
    ! kf}8f l;+rfO{
    w/dk'/, ?kgu/
    210
    @ ;'?uf l;+rfO{
    s'zxf
    400
    # ;8s l;+rfO{
    sNof0fk'/
    200
    $ lj3}{gf l;+rfO{
    s'zfxf
    220
    % sh/fwf/ l;+rfO{
    j;jnk'/
    1050
    ^ dx'nL l;+rfO{
    h08f}n / asw'jf
    980
    & vfF8f] l;+rfO{
    vf]S;/
    350
    * 8'd/hf]/ l;+rfO{
    s'zfxf
    1200
    ( ;'Gb/L l;+rfO{
    ?kgu/, w/dk'/
    10742
    !) cGo df};dL afFw, k}gL, s'nf]
    ?kgu/, w/dk'/
    8087
    !! :ofnf] 6\o"j]n / cGo
    ?kgu/, w/dk'/
    4247
    !@ bx, kf]v/L 6\o"aj]n / ;fgf l;+rfO{
    ?kgu/, w/dk'/
    sfo{qmd
    28,066
    hDdf
    >f]tM lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no ;Kt/L, aflif{s s[lif ljsf; sfo{qmd tyf tYof+s k'l:tsf,
    @)^(&)
    ^=$ kz' ;]jf
    o; lhNnfsf s[ifsx?sf] d'Vo Joj;fo cGgv]tL ePtf klg kz'kfngnfO{ /fd|f] Joj;fosf] ?kdf
    lnPsf 5g\ . kz' pTkfg a9fpg kz'k+IfLsf] :jf:Yo, :ofxf/ ;Dxf/, kz'kfng, kz' cfxf/sf]
    ;'wf/, ul/jL lgjf/0f h:tf sfo{qmdnfO{ nlIft u/L sfo{qmd ;~rfng e} /x]sf] 5 . o;
    lhNnfsf] s[ifs ju{x?sf] cfly{s pGgtLsf] nflu s[ifsx?sf] 3/b}nf]df ;]jf k'ofpg lhNnf kz'
    52

    ;]jf sfof{no / o; cGt/ut kfFr j6f kz' ;]jf s]Gb| / !@ j6f kz';]jf pks]Gb| sfo{/t 5g\ .
    o; ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= ^=@* df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.28M kz';]jf s]Gb|pks]Gb| ljj/0f
    qm=;= ;]jf s]Gb|pks]Gb|
    !
    s~rgk'/ s]Gb| -Onfsf g= $_
    @
    #=
    $
    %
    ^
    &
    *
    (
    !)
    !!
    !@
    !#
    !$
    !%
    !^
    !&=
    !*

    uflj;x?
    s~rgk'/, wd{k'/, ?kgu/, 7]lnof, awufdf /
    a/dlemof,
    aygjf s]Gb| -Onfsf g= ^_
    aygjf, dxb]jf, eujtk'/, b]p/L e?jf, hf]lulgof
    g=! / sf]= dw]k'/f
    sf]rfjvf/L s]Gb| -Onfsf g= *_
    sf]rfavf/L, a/xLjL/k'/, kmls/f, l5Ggd:tf /
    nfnfkl6\6
    kftf] s]Gb| -Onfsf g= !@_
    kftf], v8\sk'/, t/xL, e'txL, cf}/xL, alglgof, g3f]{ /
    em'6sL
    s8/af]gf s]Gb| -Onfs g= !&_
    xlb{of, bf}ntk'/, dw'kl6|6, s'zxf, xl/k'/ dnxgdf,
    kg;]/f, ag/em'nf / lkk|f klZrd
    dwjfk'/ pks]Gb| -Onfsf g= !_
    dwjfk'/, kf]tf{xf / ef/bx
    dx'nL pks]Gb| -Onfsf g= #_
    aswjf,nf]xhf/f, d}gfs8]/L, l8dg, lqsf]n / a}/jf
    kmQ]k'/ pks]Gb| -Onfsf g+= #_
    kmQ]k'/, cf]b|fxf, sdnk'/, 3f]3gk'/, lkk|fk'j{ /
    hutk'/,
    l;tfk'/ pks]Gb| -Onfsf g+= %_
    l;tfk'/, k|;jgL, hG8f]n, xl/k'/, ks/L, 8f9f /
    uf]O7L
    sf]Onf8L pks]Gb| -Onfsf g+= #_
    sf]Onf8L, sf]j;f{Og, ;s/k'/f, /dk'/f, dNxgLof,
    nf}lgof, ltnf7L / lj;\xl/of
    l;d|fxf l;luof}g pks]Gb| -Onfsf g+= jf]l/of, O6x/L lji0f'k'/ / l;d|fxf l;luof}g
    (_
    dn]sk'/ pks]Gb| -Onfsf g+= (_
    dn]sk'/, hd'gL dw]k'/f, dn]7, km;]{7, lb3jf /
    /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsf
    ?kgL pks]Gb| -Onfsf g+= !!_
    /fok'/, vf]S;/ k|jfxf, t]/xf}tf, s6}of / a;lj6\6L
    agf}nL pks]Gb| -Onfsf g+= !#_
    agf}nL, cgf{xf, agf}nf, kTy/uf8f, udxl/of k|jfxf,
    a]lnrk]gf, j|Dxk'/ / sljnf;f
    sNofgk'/ pks]Gb| -Onfsf g+= !$_
    sNofgk'/, e+ufxf, d}g;x:qjfx', df]xgk'/, /fdk'/
    hd'jf, j;f}nk'/ ;De'gfy / Og?jf km'njl/of
    afb]j;f{Og{ pks]Gb| -Onfsf g+= !%_ afb]j;f{Og, km"nsfxL, dfg/fhf, /f}tx6, sfrg, b]p/L,
    df}jfxf, j]NxL / /fdgu/
    wgu9L pks]Gb| -Onfsf g+= !^_
    l6s'lnof, k6]jf{, dnxlgof, vf]hk'/, l;:jfj]NxL,
    wgu9L, g]8f / ;f/:j/
    xg'dfggu/ pks]Gb| -Onfsf g+= !_
    jdgudfs6\6L, uf]j/uf8f, xg'dfg gu/, hf]lulgof
    g+= @, hutk'/ / Ogjf{

    ;|f]tM lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no, ;Kt/L, jflif{s k'l:tsf, @)^*)^(

    53

    lhNnfdf kz' ;]jf ;DjGwL ks]6sf] lsl;d, ks]6 ;+Vof / ks]6 If]q cGtu{t kg]{ uflj;x?
    ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= ^=@( df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.29M kz' ;]jf ;DaGwL ks]6 If]qx?sf] ljj/0f
    ks]6sf] ks]6
    qm=;+=
    ks]6 If]q cGtu{t kg]{ uflj;sf] gfd
    lsl;d ;+Vof
    hf]lulgofF,as3'jf,l;tfk'/,sNofgk'/,?kgu/,/f=la=,kmt]k'/,g3f]{, l5Ggd:tf /
    ! ufO{
    !)
    /fok'/
    sf]rfavf/L, nfnfk6L, agf}nL, kftf], dNxlgofF, cf}/L, km;]{7, laifxl/of,
    @ e}+;L
    !( a/lxla/k'/,dn]sk'/,sf]Onfl8,dn]7,l8dg,aygfxf,
    /fok'/,
    hd'lg,
    d3]k'/f,O6xl/lai0f'k'/, sGrgk'/ / /Dk'/fdNxlgofF
    as3'jf,l;tfk'/,vf]S;/k|jfxf,dn]sk'/,kmt]k'/,h08f}n,sNofgk'/,
    # afv|f !^
    s8/af]gf,agf}nL,3d{k'/,s+rgk'/,sdnk'/,lb3jf ,t/lx / e'tlx
    $ a+u'/
    )
    )
    % s'v'/f * /f=la=,xlb{of,kmt]k'/,l;tfk'/,xl/k'/,dn]7,s+rgk'/, / sNofgk'/
    hDdf %#
    ;|f]tM lhNNff kz' sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!
    lhNnfdf kz' ;]jf cGt/ut ks]6 Kofs]h sfo{qmd ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= ^=#) df pNn]v
    ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.30M ks]6 Kofs]h sfo{qmd ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    qm=;= lsl;d
    uflj;x?
    !
    Joj;foLs ufO{
    ;Ltfk'/, kmQ]k'/, dx'nL / /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsf
    @
    Joj;foLs e};L
    O6x/L, lji0f'k'/, s+rgk'/, jygfx, /Dk'/f / dNxlgofF
    #
    ul/jL lgjf/0f afv|f
    ;Ltfk'/, dn]sk'/, vf]S;/, k|jfxf, sdnk'/, lb3jf / t/xL
    $
    cfo cfh{g afv|f
    kmQ]k'/ / ;Ltfk'/
    %
    e};L lj8/ ;d'x
    ;Dk'/f, dNxlgofF, ljifxl/of / b]p/L e?jf
    ^
    3fF; l;8 a}+s, -hf}_
    O6x/L / lai0f'k'/
    &
    zDe'gfy, dn]sk'/ / dNxlgofF
    j[xQ/ e};L ljsf;
    sfo{qmd
    ;|f]tM lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no, ;Kt/L, jflif{s k'l:tsf, @)^*)^(
    lhNnfdf kz' kfngdf ;DnUg ;d'xx? ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= ^=#! df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.31M kz'kfngdf ;DnUg ;d'x ;DaGwL ljj/0f
    54

    qm=
    ljj/0f
    ;+=
    1 kz'kfng Joj;fodf

    s= k'?if

    ;+nUg ;d"x

    v= dlxnf
    u= ldl>t
    hDdf

    @)^^^&

    cfly{s jif{
    @)^&^* @)^*^(

    @)^(&)

    44
    18
    22
    84
    1522
    465332.

    46
    53
    19
    118
    1833
    544987.

    54
    63
    34
    151
    2644
    644860.

    51
    58
    31
    140
    2265
    615667.

    2 ;d"xx?sf] hDdf s[ifs kl/jf/


    xx?sf] lxt sf]if /sd -?=
    3 ;d"
    xhf/_
    ;|f]tM lhNNff kz' sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!
    lhNnfdf pknJw kz'sf] lsl;d / ;+Vof ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= ^=#@ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5
    .
    tflnsf g+=6.32M kz'sf] lsl;d / ;+Vof
    qm= kz'sf]
    ;+= lsl;d
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6

    @)^&^*
    pGgt :yfgLo hDdf
    ufO{
    20122 141543 161665
    e};L
    40678 44779 85457
    afv|f
    81543 85112 166655
    e]*f
    0
    1522 1522
    a+u'/;'u'/ 8133 6613 14746
    s'v'/f 621447 5542 626989
    hDdf

    kz'sf] ;+Vof
    @)^*^(
    pGgt :yfgLo hDdf
    21205 142674 163879
    42233 47456 89689
    83776 86778 170554
    0
    1631 1631
    8997 7155 16152
    712112 6159 726271

    @)^(&)
    pGgt :yfgLo hDdf
    21997 144866 165863
    43775 48991 92766
    85998 88331 174329
    0
    1701 1701
    10885 7789 18674
    725675 7287 732962

    j[l4x|f; -_
    :yfgLo pGgt hDdf
    2=6 3=73
    3=23 3=65
    3 2=65
    4=29 0
    8=86 20=98
    18=31 2

    ;|f]tM lhNNff kz' sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!


    lhNnfdf kz' cfxf/fdf pkof]uL x'g] s[lif pkh kbfy{sf] pTkfbg l:ylt ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf
    g+= ^=## df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.33M lhNnfdf kz' cfxf/fdf pkof]uL s[lif pkh kbfy{sf] pTkfbg l:ylt
    qm=;+=
    s[lif hGo pk kbfy{
    s'n pTkfbg -d]=6=_
    1
    2595260
    k/fn
    2
    1264040
    ux' 5jfnL
    3
    124240
    ds} 9f]8
    4
    10852
    s/]bf] 6'Kkf]
    5
    15483
    pv'sf] 6'Kkf]
    6
    74981
    ;;'/fsf] e';f
    7
    12110
    tf]/Lsf] lkgf
    8
    130000
    af;sf] kft
    55

    ;|f]tM lhNNff kz' ;]jf sfof{no, ;Kt/L, aflif{s k'l:tsf, @)^*^(


    ljut rf/ jif{df lhNnfdf b]vf k/]sf kz' /f]ux? ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= ^=#$ df pNn]v
    ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.34M kz' /f]ux?sf] ljj/0f
    pkrf/ u/fPsf]
    k|efljt
    k|efljt kz'
    d[t
    qm=
    kz' ;+Vof
    kz' /f]u x'g;Sg]
    ;+=
    kz'k+IfL @)^&^* @)^&^* @)^*^( @)^(&) @)^*^( @)^(&)
    1 lk=lk=cf/
    535
    466
    144
    99
    391
    367
    afvf|
    535
    466
    144
    99
    391
    367
    hDdf
    ;|f]tM lhNNff kz' sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!
    lhNnfdf kz' :jf:Yodf ;'wf/ ug{ ckgfO{Psf pkfox? ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= ^=#% df
    pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.35M kz' :jf:Yodf ;'wf/ ug{ ckgfOPsf pkfox?
    EoflS;g];g ;]jfsf] ;+Vof
    s[lqd uef{wfgsf] ;+Vof
    qm= ;]jf k'ofpg]
    ;+= OsfOx?
    @)^&^* @)^*^( @)^(&) @)^&^* @)^*^( @)^(&)
    lhNnf kz' ;]jf
    15432
    20765
    22987
    4621
    5032
    5081
    1
    sfof{no
    kz' ;]jf s]Gb| tyf
    7543
    988
    2
    5578
    6877
    508
    765
    pks]Gb|
    3 lghL k|of;af6
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    u|fdL0f kz' :jf:Yo
    4566
    0
    4
    3221
    3987
    0
    0
    sfo{stf{
    24231
    31629
    35096
    5129
    5797
    6069
    hDdf
    ;|f]tM lhNNff kz' sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!
    lhNnfdf kz'hGo kbfy{sf] pTkfbg ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= ^=#^ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.36M kz'hGo kbfy{sf] pTkfbg -d]=6gdf / ;+Vofdf_
    j[l4Xf;
    a[l4 jf x|f;
    qm=
    kz'hGo
    pTkfbg l:ylt -cf=j=_
    @)^^^& @)^&^* @)^*^( @)^(&)
    x'g'sf sf/0fx?
    -% _
    ;+=
    kbfy{
    1= b'w ufO{
    e};L
    hDdf
    2= df;' /fFuf]
    v;Laf]sf
    e]8fy'df

    13546

    14951

    15351

    15806

    20233
    33779
    23123
    4356
    2

    21485
    36436
    24644
    4423
    2=5

    22049
    37400
    2557
    4524
    3=13

    22674
    38480
    2629
    4661
    3=23

    56

    2=96

    qm=

    kz'hGo

    ;+=

    kbfy{

    j[l4Xf;

    pTkfbg l:ylt -cf=j=_


    @)^^^& @)^&^* @)^*^(

    a+u'/
    177
    183
    s'v'/f /
    1091
    1102
    xfF;
    v/fof]
    0
    0
    df5f
    0
    0
    hDdf
    28749 30352
    3= s'v'/fsf] km'n
    pTkfbg -xhf/ 18765 20223
    uf]6f_

    @)^(&)

    192

    198

    1141

    1189

    0
    0

    0
    0

    8414

    8677

    21531

    25901

    -% _

    a[l4 jf x|f;
    x'g'sf sf/0fx?

    4=21

    4= e]+8Rof+u|fsf]
    0
    0
    0
    0
    pmg pTkfbg d]=6=_
    5= 5fnf pTkfbg
    0
    0
    0
    0
    -afv|f e}+;L_uf]6f_
    ;|f]tM lhNNff kz' sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!
    lhNnfdf kz';]jfdf ;DnUg u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx? ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= ^=#& df pNn]v
    ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.37M kz' ;]jfdf ;DnUg u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ljj/0f
    qm=;= ;+:yfsf] gfd
    ;+Vof
    kz';]jf ;DjGwL u/]sf sfdx?
    ! s[lif ljsf; a}+s
    %
    ufO{, uf]?, e};L vl/b ug]{ / kz' cf}ifwL k;n
    @ /fli6o afl0fHo a}+s
    $
    ufO{, uf]?, e};L vl/b ug]{ / kz' cf}ifwL k;n
    # b'w vl/b laqmL
    !&
    s[ifsaf6 b'w vl/b u/L b'Uw kbfy{ bxL, Wo",
    ;xsf/L ;+:yf
    klg/, ld7fO{ cflb agfO{ laqmL ljt/0f tyf b'Uw
    ljsf; cfof]hgf lj/f6gu/ / ef/tdf lalqm
    $ u|fld0f ljsf; a}+s
    $
    kz' kfngdf C0f nufgL
    % :jfanDjg ljsf;
    @
    kz' kfngdf C0f nufgL
    a}+s
    ^ ;fgf ls;fg ljsf;
    %
    kz' kfngdf C0f nufgL
    cfof]hgf
    ;|f]tM lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no, ;Kt/L, jflif{s k'l:tsf, @)^*)^(

    57

    ^=%lhNnfsf] cy{tGqsf] ljlzli6s/0f


    ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] cy{tGq d"ntM s[lifdf cfwfl/t 5 . clwsf+z s[ifsx? lgjf{xd'vL s[lif k]zfdf
    ;DnUg 5g\ . s[lif ;DjGwL ljleGg ks]6 If]qx? 3f]if0ff u/L s[lifnfO{ Joj;foLs/0f ug]{ k|of;
    ul/Psf] 5 . xfn cfP/ lhNnfsf] cy{tGqdf a}b]lzs /f]huf/af6 k|fKt x'g] ljk|]if0fsf] 7"nf] of]ubfg
    /x]sf] 5 . o;}u/L lhNnfdf /x]sf s]xL pBf]uwGbf, Jofkf/, ;]jfd"ns Joj;fo cflbn] klg
    lhNnfsf] cy{tGqdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf 5g\ .
    ^=^ cfly{s cGt/;DjGw
    o; lhNnfdf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, gu/kflnsfx? / uflj;x?sf] lhNnfdf sfo{/t ;a} ljifout
    sfof{nox? h:t} s[lif, ag, lzIff, :jf:yo nufot ;a} ;Fu sfo{ut Pstf sfod /x]sf] 5 .
    ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnf ljifout lgsfox? h:t} s[lif / jg, ag / aftfj/0f cflbx?;Fu klg
    ;xsfo{ ug]{ k/Dk/f sfod /x]sf] 5 . ;fy} l5d]sL lhNnfx? l;/fx, pbok'/, wg'iffsf ljrdf s[lif
    pTkfbg nufot ;fgf ltgf 3/]n' pTkfbgx?sf] cfot tyf lgof{t x'g] u/]sf] 5 . l5d]sL d'n's
    ef/t;Fu j9L dfqfdf vfB ;fdfu|L nofot nQf sk8fx? / cGo b}lgs pkof]Uo ;fdfu|Lx?
    cfot ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . o; lhNNffaf6 ef/t lgsf;L vf;} x'g ;s]sf cj:yf 5}g . cfufdL
    lbgdf lhNnfdf pTkflbg s[lif nufot cGo pTkfbgx?nfO{ ef/tsf] ahf/df k'/\ofpg ;s]
    ;Kt/Laf;Lsf] cfocfh{gdf a[l4 x'g uO{ hLjg:t/ psf:g klg ;xof]u k'Ug] b]lvG5 .
    ^=&lhNnfsf] j}b]lzs nufgLsf] l:ylt
    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf a}b]lzs nufgL ;DjGwdf vf;} pNn]Vo tYof pknJw x'g ;s]g . a}b]lzs
    /f]huf/Laf6 k|;:t ljk|]if0f lhNnfdf k|fKt x'g] u/]tf klg ;f]sf] oyfy{ ljj/0f k|fKt ug{ sl7g
    /x\of] . lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt dfkm{t lhNnfsf] ljsf;df ;xof]u ug]{ ljsf; ;fFem]bf/ lgsfox?n]
    ljut nfdf] ;dob]lv ;xof]u ub}{ cfPsf] kfO{G5 . vf;u/L ef/tLo b'tfjf;, o"lg;]km g]kfn,
    o"Pgl8lk, o"PgPkmlkP, d]8]k h:tf ;+:yfx?n] k"jf{wf/ ljsf;, afnaflnsf tyf dlxnf, kl/jf/
    lgof]hg, n3' ljQ ljsf;, Ifdtf ljsf; h:tf If]qdf cfly{s tyf k|fljlws ;xof]u ub}{ cfPsf
    5g\ . lhNnfdf bft[ lgsfox? -ljsf; ;fFem]bf/x?_ sf] ;xof]u ;DjGwL ljj/0fx? tn tflnsf g++
    ^=#* df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.38M lhNnf bft[ lgsfox?af6 pknJw ;xof]usf] l:ylt
    qm=
    ;=
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5

    ljj/)f

    cf=j=
    206566

    cf=j=
    206667

    cf=j=
    206768

    cf=j=
    206869

    cf=j=
    206970

    o"lg;]km
    o"PgPkmlkP
    ef/tLo
    /fhb'tfjf;
    Pnlhl;l8kL
    o"Pgl8lk
    hDdf

    8023394

    8107990

    11557867

    17354774

    3984211

    61753

    1019966

    2484120

    1634553

    755174

    14632073

    13183193

    22353511

    63281320

    1399775

    19115208

    12993832

    1028453

    22847345

    32357185

    1800000

    1869300

    717115

    97056

    41832428

    37174281

    25866084

    24578954

    38496345

    ;|f]tM lhlj; ;Kt/L, @)&!


    58

    ^=* 3/kl/jf/sf] cfo:t/ tyf ul/jLsf] l:ylt


    3/kl/jf/sf] cfo:t/ tyf ul/jLsf] l:ylt tyf ;DkGgtfsf] :tl/s/0fsf] cj:yf ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+= ^=#( df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.39M ;DkGgtfsf] :tl/s/0fsf] cj:yf
    clt ljkGg 3/w'/L
    ljkGg 3/w'/L
    dWod 3/w'/L ;DkGg 3/w'/L
    hDDff

    ;|f]tM lhNnf hf]lvd kfZj{lrq, ;Kt/L, @)&) -ck|sflzt_


    ;Kt/L lhNnf / /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsfsf ul/aLsf] b/, laifdtf / uxgtf ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    tflnsf g++ ^=$) df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+= 6.40M lhNnf / gu/kflnsfsf] ul/aLsf] b/, ljifdtf / uxgtf, @)^*
    qm=;+=

    lhNnfsf] gfd

    1
    2

    ul/aLsf] b/
    -k|ltzt_

    ul/aLsf] ljifdtf ul/aLsf] uxgtf


    -k|ltzt_
    -k|ltzt_

    39.49(1.93)
    10.03(0.76)
    3.58(0.35)
    ;Kt/L
    21.22(4.19)
    5.23(1.33)
    1.87(0.57)
    /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsf
    gf]6M sf]i7s -_ leq /x]sf] c+sn] ;DjlGwt ;"rssf] e|dfz+ -k|ltzt_ nfO{ hgfpF5 .
    ;|f]tM s]lGb|o tYof+s ljefu -@)&)_, g]kfndf ul/aLsf] n3'If]q cg'dfg, @)^* cg';"rL ! / @

    u/Lax?sf]
    ;+Vof

    251579
    7987

    ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] Onfsf:t/Lo ul/aLsf] b/ / ul/aLsf] ;+Vof ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g++ ^=$! df
    pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+= 6.41MOnfsfx?sf] ul/aLsf] b/ / u/Lax?sf] ;+Vof, @)^*
    Onfsf g+=
    01
    02
    03
    04
    05
    06
    07
    08
    09
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16

    ul/aLsf] b/
    -k|ltzt_

    45.32(4.23)
    41.34(4.1)
    34.23(4.1)
    33.97(3.72)
    40.9(4.22)
    43.88(4.31)
    45.13(4.21)
    43.13(4.76)
    40.54(4.87)
    39.89(6.1)
    39.31(4.75)
    46.76(4.04)
    40.17(4.11)
    35.71(3.6)
    47.88(4.07)
    39.07(4.04)

    ul/aLsf] ljifdtf
    -k|ltzt_

    11.84(1.65)
    10.6(1.59)
    8.17(1.38)
    8.27(1.3)
    10.32(1.59)
    11.18(1.64)
    11.99(1.7)
    11(1.82)
    10.28(1.83)
    9.97(2.23)
    9.71(1.72)
    12.59(1.71)
    10.13(1.55)
    8.71(1.27)
    12.96(1.74)
    9.77(1.52)

    59

    ul/aLsf] uxgtf
    -k|ltzt_

    4.29(0.76)
    3.8(0.73)
    2.77(0.58)
    2.87(0.57)
    3.66(0.71)
    3.98(0.74)
    4.41(0.8)
    3.92(0.82)
    3.67(0.82)
    3.52(0.99)
    3.39(0.75)
    4.68(0.82)
    3.6(0.7)
    3.02(0.55)
    4.83(0.84)
    3.46(0.69)

    u/Lax?sf] ;+Vof
    13827
    12886
    12326
    11475
    14608
    16168
    17572
    14594
    12461
    5755
    11271
    20259
    14441
    15622
    18974
    16200

    Onfsf g+=

    ul/aLsf] b/
    -k|ltzt_

    17
    18

    33.9(3.09)
    21.22(4.19)

    ul/aLsf] ljifdtf
    -k|ltzt_

    8.05(1.04)
    5.23(1.33)

    ul/aLsf] uxgtf
    -k|ltzt_

    u/Lax?sf] ;+Vof

    2.74(0.44)
    1.87(0.57)

    15143
    7987

    gf]6M sf]i7s -_ leq /x]sf] c+sn] ;DjlGwt ;"rssf] e|dfz+ -k|ltzt_ nfO{ hgfpF5 .

    ;|f]tM s]lGb|o tYof+s ljefu -@)&)_, g]kfndf ul/aLsf] n3'If]q cg'dfg, @)^* cg';"rL, #
    ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] nlIft If]qx?sf] ul/aLsf] b/, ljifdtf / uxgtf ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g++
    ^=$@ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+= 6.42MnlIft If]qx?sf] ul/aL b/, ul/aLsf] ljifdtf / ul/aLsf] uxgtf, @)^*
    Onfsf
    g+=
    01
    01
    01

    nlIft
    If]q g+=
    1
    2
    3

    02
    02
    02
    03
    03
    03
    03
    04
    04
    04
    05

    1
    2
    3
    1
    2
    3
    4
    1
    2
    3
    1

    05
    06

    2
    1

    06

    07

    07

    07
    08

    3
    1

    08
    09

    2
    1

    uf=lj=;=sf] gfd
    dfwfjk'/, ef/bx
    uf]a/ uf8f
    xg'dfggu/, kf]tf{xf,
    of]lulgof @
    a}/jf
    lqsf]n, aswjf
    d}gfs8]/L, l8dfg, nf]xhf/f
    sdnk'/, wf]wgk'/, cf]b|fxf
    kmQ]k'/
    hutk'/
    lkk|f k"jf{
    7]lnof, a/dlemof, abufdf
    w/dk'/, ?kgu/
    sGrgk'/
    8f9f, k|;agL, uf}O7L,
    ks/L
    l;tfk'/, xl/x/k'/, hfG8f}n
    aegufdfs6\6L, sf]=dw]k'/f,
    Ogjf{
    aygfxf, eujtk'/, dxb]jf,
    hf]lulgof !
    ;s/k''/f, a;f{Og -sf]=_,
    /Dk'/fdnxlgof
    la;xl/of, b]pl/d?jf,
    nf}lgof
    ltnfl7
    nfnfk6\6L, jL/k'/ af]l/of,
    sf]rfavf/L
    l5Ggd:tf, kmls/f
    O6x/L lai0f'k'/, af]l/of

    ul/aLsf] b/ k|ltzt_

    43.35(6.99)
    64.85(10.33)
    44.71(5.41)

    ul/aLsf] ljifdtf
    -k|ltzt_

    10.94(2.59)
    18.99(5.57)
    11.75(2.18)

    ul/aLsf] uxgtf
    -k|ltzt_

    3.87(1.14)
    7.34(2.92)
    4.28(1.01)

    51.03(9.38)
    35.94(5.61)
    43.52(6.46)
    35.5(5.6)
    21.66(7.14)
    39.81(10.25)
    56.19(10.49)
    40.69(5.25)
    32.99(6.17)
    21.22(6.97)
    45.72(5.68)

    14.5(4.45)
    8.61(1.93)
    11.28(2.55)
    8.26(1.85)
    4.65(2)
    9.85(3.75)
    15.13(4.56)
    10.23(1.99)
    8.11(2.15)
    4.36(1.89)
    11.88(2.22)

    5.55(2.26)
    2.95(0.82)
    4.07(1.17)
    2.75(0.76)
    1.48(0.76)
    3.43(1.64)
    5.51(2.13)
    3.62(0.9)
    2.82(0.93)
    1.34(0.69)
    4.29(1.01)

    32.58(5.61)
    45.3(6.2)

    7.63(1.84)
    11.44(2.38)

    2.57(0.77)
    4.03(1.06)

    42.73(5.04)

    10.96(1.92)

    3.95(0.88)

    48.71(5.45)

    13.29(2.3)

    4.96(1.1)

    43.97(6.56)

    11.3(2.57)

    4.06(1.17)

    28.49(7.55)
    40.55(6.02)

    7.03(2.5)
    10.27(2.23)

    2.49(1.08)
    3.66(0.99)

    46.15(7.01)
    38.92(7.12)

    11.86(2.74)
    9.83(2.63)

    4.24(1.23)
    3.49(1.17)

    60

    Onfsf
    g+=
    09

    nlIft
    If]q g+=
    2

    uf=lj=;=sf] gfd

    ul/aLsf] b/ k|ltzt_

    ul/aLsf] ljifdtf
    -k|ltzt_

    41.46(6.13)
    10.54(2.28)
    dlnsk'/, hd'lg dw]k'/f,
    l;d/fxf l;Uof}g
    10
    1
    41.36(7.17)
    10.46(2.7)
    km/;]7, lb3jf
    10
    2
    38.17(9.79)
    9.4(3.49)
    dn]7
    11
    1
    43.93(7.69)
    10.97(2.91)
    a;lal6, s6}of
    11
    2
    37.49(6.87)
    9.02(2.36)
    t]/xf]tf, vf]s;f/ kjf{xf
    11
    3
    37.16(9.18)
    9.29(3.29)
    /fok'/
    12
    1
    39.25(6.1)
    9.79(2.22)
    cf}/xL, kftf]
    12
    2
    50.44(6.54)
    14.09(2.9)
    em'6sL, g3f]{, jg}lgof
    12
    3
    48.14(5.73)
    13(2.43)
    slanf;, t/xL, e'txL,
    v8uk'/
    13
    1
    41.04(6.28)
    10.66(2.4)
    agf}nL, agf}nf, cgf{xf
    13
    2
    44.44(7.88)
    11.47(3.07)
    uDxl/of kjf{xf, a|Xdk'/
    13
    3
    34.85(5.82)
    8.11(1.92)
    a]NxL rk]gf, kTy/fu8f
    14
    1
    38.27(5.69)
    9.49(2.01)
    Ogjf{ km'njl/of,
    d}gf;x;|afx', a;ank'/
    14
    2
    30.27(6.12)
    7.06(1.97)
    e+ufxf, sNofgk'/
    14
    3
    38.67(5.46)
    9.6(2.02)
    /fdk'/ dh'nf, zDe'gfy
    df]xgk'/
    15
    1
    51.2(7.51)
    13.88(3.28)
    b]p/L, sfrg
    15
    2
    53.78(5.48)
    15.28(2.53)
    a]NxL, df}jfxf, /fdgu/,
    /f}tx6
    15
    3
    39.86(5.81)
    10.04(2.15)
    af]b] j;f{O{g, km'NsxL,
    dfg/fhf
    16
    1
    41.24(5.24)
    10.55(2.04)
    wgu9L, dNxlgof, ;f/:j/,
    l;;jf a]NxL
    16
    2
    31.35(6.94)
    7.22(2.3)
    vf]hk'/, g]u8f
    16
    3
    41.64(7.37)
    10.43(2.68)
    k6]jf{, l6s'lnof
    17
    1
    34.74(4.33)
    8.3(1.47)
    xl/k'/, afg/em'nf, kfg;]/f,
    dnxgdf
    17
    2
    33.44(5.52)
    7.89(1.84)
    xlb{of, lkk|f klZrd,
    bf}ntk'/
    17
    3
    33.07(5.24)
    7.82(1.71)
    dw'k6\6L, s'zxf
    18
    1
    21.22(4.19)
    5.23(1.33)
    /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsf
    gf]6M sf]i7s -_ leq /x]sf] c+sn] ;DjlGwt ;"rssf] e|dfz+ -k|ltzt_ nfO{ hgfpF5 .

    ul/aLsf] uxgtf
    -k|ltzt_

    3.77(1.02)

    3.73(1.22)
    3.28(1.52)
    3.84(1.3)
    3.08(1)
    3.29(1.44)
    3.44(0.98)
    5.36(1.41)
    4.83(1.17)
    3.88(1.1)
    4.13(1.39)
    2.71(0.8)
    3.33(0.86)
    2.37(0.81)
    3.35(0.9)
    5.17(1.58)
    5.86(1.26)
    3.56(0.96)
    3.79(0.94)
    2.41(0.96)
    3.68(1.17)
    2.84(0.62)
    2.68(0.78)
    2.67(0.71)
    1.87(0.57)

    ;|f]tM s]lGb|o tYof+s ljefu -@)&)_, g]kfndf ul/aLsf] n3'If]q cg'dfg, @)^* cg';"rL $

    61

    ;Kt/L lhNnf / /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsfsf ul/aLsf] b/ cg';f/sf] ;d[l4:t/ ;DjGwL ljj/0f


    tflnsf g++ ^=$# df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.43M dfgj ul/jL ;'rfsf(HPI)sf] cj:yf
    $) jif{ eGbf k|f}9 ;fIf/tf ;'/lIft kfgL kfFr
    jif{ cfly{s
    dfgj ul/lj
    sd
    cfo' b/
    gkfpg]sf]
    d'lgsf
    jl~rlts/0f ;'rfsf
    ePsf]
    k|ltzt
    s'kf]lift
    hg;+Vof
    afnaflnsfsf]
    k|ltzt
    ;+Vof
    5.39
    54.56
    3.97
    33.40
    Source:Nepal Human Development Report 2014

    18.69

    38.34

    lhNnf / gu/kflnsfsf] ul/jL b/ cg';f/sf] ;Da[l4:t/ ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= ^=$$ df
    pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.44M lhNnf / gu/kflnsfsf] ul/jL b/ cg';f/sf] ;Da[l4:t/
    lhNnf
    @)%*
    @)^*
    ;Da[l4:t/
    ul/jL:t/
    ;Da[l4:t/
    ul/aL:t/
    ;Kt/L
    pRr -!% cf}F_
    @*
    Go"g -^@ cf}F_ #(=%
    /fhlj/fh,
    dWod -## cf}F_
    !(=!
    dWod -$@cf}F_ @!=@
    gkf
    ;|f]tM s]Gb|Lo tYof\s ljefu -@)&) cfiff9_, g]kfndf ul/aLsf] n3'If]q cg'dfg @)^* -tflnsf
    g+= !,@, # / $_
    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf %) k|ltzteGbf j9L ul/aL:t/ ePsf nlIft If]qx? ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g++
    ^=$%df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.45M %) k|ltzt eGbf a9L ul/jL:t/ ePsf nlIft If]qx?, @)^*
    Onfsf g+= nlIft
    uflj;gkf
    ul/jLsf] b/
    ul/jLsf]
    ul/jLsf]
    If]= g+=
    -_
    ljifdtf -_
    uxgtf -_
    )#
    $
    lkk|f k'jf{
    %^=!(
    !%=!#
    %=%!
    -!)=$(_
    -$=%^_
    -@=!#_
    !%
    @
    j]NxL, df}jfxf,
    %#=&*
    !%=@*
    %=*^
    /fdgu/, /f}tx6
    -%=$*_
    -@=$(_
    -!=@)_
    !%
    !
    b]p/L, sfFrn
    %!=@
    !#=**
    %=!&
    -&=%!_
    -#=@*_
    -!=%*_
    )@
    !
    a}/jf
    %=)#
    !$=%
    %=%%
    -(=#*_
    -$=$%_
    -@=@^_
    gf]6M sf]i6df ePsf] c+sn] k|ltzt hgfpF5 .
    ;|f]tM s]Gb|Lo tYof\s ljefu -@)&) cfiff9_, g]kfndf ul/aLsf] n3'If]q cg'dfg @)^* -tflnsf g+= ^_

    62

    ^=( :YffgLo :t/df vfB ;'/Iffsf] cj:yf


    ;Kt/L lhNnf Ps v]tL of]Uo hldg ePsf] / oxfFsf clwsf+z dflg;x? s[lifdf cfl>t x'g] u/]tf
    klg lhNnfdf pTkfbg ePsf] vfBGgn] lhNnfdf vfg k'Ug] cj:yf 5}g . o;;DjGwL ljj/0f tn
    tflnsf g+= ^=$^ df lbO{Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.46M lhNnfsf] vfB ;'/Iffsf] cj:yf
    ljj/0f
    OsfO{
    kl/df0f
    lhNnfsf] s'n hg;+Vof
    ;+Vof
    ^#(,@*$
    lhNnfsf] s'n vfBGg pTkfbg
    d]=6=
    (#,(!%
    k|ltJolQm rflxg] cfjZos vfBGg
    s]=hL=
    @)!
    lhNnfsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ vfBGg
    d]=6=
    !#%,@$%=#*
    lhNnfsf] nflu aflif{s s'n vfBGg
    d]=6=
    %^,!*@=#$
    pknJwtf
    lhNnfdf gk'u vfBGg
    d]=6=
    -&()^@=((_
    ;|f]tM lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, ;Kt/L, aflif{s s[lif ljsf; sfo{qmd tyf tYof k'l:tsf
    cf=j= @)^(&),
    ^=!) >dzlQm tyf /f]huf/L l:ylt
    !) jif{eGbf dfly pd]/ ;d'xsf] hgu0fgf x'g'eGbf cl3sf] afx| dlxgfleqsf] ljleGg
    lqmofsnfkx? ;DjGwL ljj/0f tn tflnsf g+= ^=$&df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.47 M !) jif{eGbf dfly pd]/ ;d'xsf lqmofsnfkx?
    ln

    s"n ;+Vof

    cfg}
    v]tL
    ug]{

    dlxnf

    252449

    k'?if
    hDdf

    lqmofsnfk
    hflu/sf]
    Extended
    vf]hLdf
    Economic
    /x]sf

    Hofnfbf/L
    ug]{

    cfg}
    t/ u}/
    s[lif

    w/fo;L
    sfd ug]{

    cWoog
    ug]{

    s'g}klg
    sfd
    gug]{

    gv'n]sf]

    81479

    27309

    17593

    26303

    6659

    141554

    58383

    30736

    4823

    236104

    85186

    62535

    25535

    19086

    15489

    38416

    69004

    32494

    3890

    488553

    166665

    89844

    43128

    45389

    22148

    179970

    127387

    63230

    8713

    ;|f]t M

    Central Bureau of Statistics, Jan 2014, National Population and Housing Census 2011,
    Volume 03, Table No. 9

    !) jif{ / ;f] eGbf dflysf ;lqmo hg;+Vofsf] ljleGg k]zfx? h:t} ;z:q jn, Joj:yfks,
    k|fljlws / ;xfos Joj;flos, ;]jf / ljqmL, s[lif, ag / df5fkfng, oflGqs sfo{, k|f/lDes
    k]zf cflb ;DjGwL ljj/0fx? tnsf] tflnsf g+= ^=$* df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

    63

    !) jif{ / ;f]eGbf dflysf ;lqmo hg;+Vofsf] k]zfut ljj/0f


    k|f/lDes
    k]zf

    pNn]v
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    ;|f]t M Central Bureau of Statistics, Jan 2014, National Population and Housing Census 2011,
    Volume 03, Table No. 13

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    242521.9

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    Source:Nepal Human Development Report 2014

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    74

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    /fli6o afl0fHo a}+s / s[lif ljsf; a}+sx?5g eg] gLlh If]qdf df5fk'R5||], ;]Gr'/L, ;g/fO{, Pe/]i6
    / Unf]jn cfO{PdO /x]sf 5g eg] ljsf; a}+sdf k|e" ljsf; a}+s / ====== /x]sf 5g . ljQ
    sDkgLdf l;h{gf kmfO{gfG; / dN6L kk{; kmfO{gfG; sDkgL lnld6]8 /x]sf 5g\ . g]kfn nfO{e
    OG;'/]G; sDkgL / PgPnhL OG:of]/]G; sDkgLx?n] jLdf ;DjGwL sfd ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ;Kt/L
    lhNnfdf /x]sf ljlQo ;+:yfx? ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= ^=^) df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    75

    tflnsf g+=6.60M;Kt/Ldf /x]sf a}Fs tyf ljlQo ;+:yfx?sf] ljj/0f


    qm= ;+= ljj/0f
    ;+Vof
    !
    jfl0fHo a}Fs
    !^
    @
    ljsf; a}Fs
    @
    #
    ljQ sDkgL
    @
    $
    n3' ljQ
    !$
    ;|f]tM g]kfn /fi6 a}Fs -@)&! h]i7 !@_

    76

    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf a}+sx?sf] lgIf]k tyf shf{sf] l:ylt ;DjGwdf tflnsf g+= ^=^! df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.61M ;Kt/Ldf a}sx?sf] lgIf]k tyf shf{sf] l:ylt
    lgIf]k
    shf{
    @)^* c;f/ @)^(
    @)&) c;f/
    kl/jt{g b/
    @)^* c;f/ @)^( c;f/ @)&)
    kl/jt{g b/
    d;fGt ;Dd c;f/
    d;fGt ;Dd @)^*^( @)^(&) d;fGt ;Dd d;fGt ;Dd c;f/
    )^*^( )^(&)
    d;fGt
    d;fGt
    ;Dd
    ;Dd
    @^*#=$( #@*)=)!
    $!@#=!@
    @@=@#
    @%=&)
    !!!)=#* !@%*=^* @)))=%!
    !#=#^ %*=($
    ;|f]tM g]kfn /fi6 a}Fs -@)&! h]i7 !@_
    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf @)&! ;fn h]i7 d;fGt;Ddsf] ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ;dli6ut ljj/0f tflnsf g+= ^=^@ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=6.62M @)&! ;fn h]i7 d;fGt;Ddsf] ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ;dli6ut ljj/0f -xhf/df_
    qm=;=

    nufgL
    sfo{k|s[lt

    ;+:yfsf]
    ;+Vof

    ;+rfns

    ;b:o
    z]o/ k"+hL

    dlxnf

    k"?if

    hDdf

    dlxnf

    k"?if

    hDdf

    sf]if

    lgIf]k
    C)f

    cGo

    hDdf

    art tyf C)f

    156

    556

    467

    1023

    3782

    2883

    6665

    717785.1

    1315.76

    25470

    29063.5

    946.47

    6553.03

    ax""@]ZoLo

    79

    232

    364

    596

    10504

    55710

    66178

    15092.26

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    s[lif

    180

    73

    90

    163

    3470

    3703

    7173

    14223.86

    3582.69

    21712.7

    3160.9

    24873.6

    b"Uw

    10

    29

    45

    74

    38

    227

    265

    308.72

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    pkef]Qmf

    139

    384

    578

    962

    1109

    2342

    3526

    489.325

    4.15

    1138

    366.994

    ------

    ------

    ljB"t

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    10

    15

    25

    16.1

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    t/sf/L tyf
    kmnkm'n
    lrof

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    slkm

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    10

    h*La""^L

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    77

    qm=;=

    nufgL
    sfo{k|s[lt

    ;+:yfsf]
    ;+Vof

    ;+rfns

    ;b:o
    z]o/ k"+hL

    dlxnf

    k"?if

    hDdf

    dlxnf

    k"?if

    hDdf

    sf]if

    lgIf]k
    C)f

    cGo

    hDdf

    11

    df}/Lkfng

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    12

    ;~rf/

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    87

    255

    342

    907.708

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    4902.59

    26608

    51143.2

    4107.4

    31426.6

    13

    :jf:Yo

    17

    22

    14

    pv"

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    ------

    13

    cGo

    10

    ------

    ------

    ------

    63

    168

    231

    552.25

    hDdf

    580

    1294

    1570

    2825

    19063

    65303

    84405

    749375.4

    ;|f]tM ;xsf/L l8lehg sfof{no, nfxfg, l;/fx, @)&! c;f/ .

    78

    7.

    v08&Mef}lts tyf ;fj{hlgs k"jf{wf/ ;]jf

    &=! ;8softfoft
    ;Kt/L lhNnfsf ;a} gu/kflnsf tyf uflj;x?df df]6/ af6f] k'u]sf] 5 . o; lhNnfdf sfnf] kq]
    ;8s !!$ ls=ld=, u|fe]n ;8s %@* ls=ld=, slRr cyf{t df};dL ;8s $^* ls=ld= /x]sf] 5 .
    ljleGg ?6df ;~rfng/t oftfoftsf ;fwfgx? ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= &=! df pNn]v
    ul/Psf] 5 . oftfoft Joj:yfkgdf ;xof]u k'ofpg lhNnf b'O{j6f a;kfs{x? /x]sf 5g\ . t/
    lhNnfdf /x]sf] Ps dfq ljdfg:ynn] eg] hgtfnfO{ ;]jf k|bfg ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g\ . ;du| lhNnfsf]
    oftfoft ;DaGwL k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf] l:ylt ;DjGwdf tflnsf g+= &=! df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=7.1M lhNnfsf] oftfoft ;DaGwL k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf] l:ylt
    ljj/0f
    ls=dL= tyf j6f
    sfnf]kq] -ls=dL=_
    114
    u|fe]n -ls=dL=_
    528
    sRrLdf};dL -ls=dL=_
    468
    ;a}
    uflj;
    / gu/kflnsfx?
    df]6/af6f] k'u]sf uflj; ;\Vof ls=dL=_
    kSsL k'n -j6f_
    25
    emf]n'] k'n -j6f_
    9
    ;fgf 7'nf sne6{x? -j6f_
    168
    a;kfs{ -j6f_
    2
    ofq' k|ltIffno -j6f_
    23
    xjfO{ d}bfg -j6f_
    1
    ;|f]t M lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!
    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf /x]sf oftfoft Jofj;foL ;+3 tyf ;ldltx?sf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0f tflnsf g+= &=@
    df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g++=7.2M ;Kt/L lhNnfdf /x]sf oftfoft Jofj;foL ;+3 tyf ;ldltx?
    l;=g= oftfoft Joj;foLx?
    oftfoft ;fwg ;+Vof
    ! ;u/dfyf oftfoft ;+3
    (%
    @ k""j{ lxdfnL oftfoft ;+3
    %
    # ;o'Qm /fqL tyf lbjf j; ;~rfng Joj:yfkg ;ldlt
    @^
    $ g]kfn ;u/dfyf 6]Dkf] Joj;foL ;+3, @)%& -/fhlj/fh efb{_
    #%
    % Doflhs Joj;foL ;+3 /fhlj/fh s+rgk'/ / nxfg
    #$
    ^ dfOqmf] Joj;foL ;+3
    @#
    & ;u/dfyf 6s 9'jfgL oftfoft Joj;foL ;ldlt
    ^$
    ;|f]tM oftfoft Joj;foL;+3x?, ;Kt/L, @)&!

    79

    /fhlj/fhb]lv ljleGg 7fpF ;Ddsf j;sf ?6x?x? ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= &=# df pNn]v
    ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=7.3M /fhlj/fhb]lv ljleGg 7fpF ;Ddsf j;sf ?6x?
    lhNnf leq l;ldt
    lhNnf aflx/;Ddsf]
    kmQ]k'/, df}j j]nL, s':dfj l;:jf/, j;f{Og,
    sfs8le6f, g]kfnu~h, jL/u~h, e}/xjf,
    kftf], guf]{ emf]/f, ;v8f, s'gf}nf-l;df ahf/_, sf7df8f}F, hgsk'/, w/fg, lj/f6gu/, kmQ]k'/,
    s~rgk'/
    ufO3f6, eujfgk'/, l;/fxfdf8f/,
    gf/fo0fu9, nfxfg
    ;|f]tM oftfoft Joj;foL;+3x?, ;Kt/L, @)&!
    -s_ /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsf If]qsf] ;8ssf] ;'ljwfsf] cj:yf
    /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsfsf If]q e/L ljleGg k|sf/sf ;8sx? /x]sf 5g\ . gu/kflnsfsf] d'Vo
    ;8sx? lkr ePsf 5g eg] cGo ;xfos ;8sx? s]xL u|fe]n cj:yfdf 5g t s]xL sRrL
    cj:yfdf g} /x]sf] b]lvG5 . gu/kflnsfsf] ;'?jft x'Fbf b]lvg} of]hgfut ?kdf a:tL j;fO{Psf]n]
    of] gu/kflnsfdf ;8ssf] nflu of]hgfut ?kdf ;8s k|:tfj ul/Psf] ePtfklg tL ;8sx?
    ;a} sfof{Tds cj:yfdf 5}gg\ . gu/kflnsfdf j8f g+= !, #, $, %, ^, & / * df s]xL ;8sx?
    kLr ePsf] 5 eg] cGo j8fx?df clwsf+z ;8s sRrL / u|fe]n cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 .
    gu/kflnsfsf] ;8s oftfoftsf] l:yltnfO{ tflnsf g+= (# df ;d]t b]vfOPsf] 5 t/ of] tYof+s
    gu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq @)^# df cfwfl/t ePsf]n] xfn gu/kflnsfdf s]xL gofF u|fe]n
    ;8sx? lgdf{0f ePsf] / kSsL ;8ssf] nDafO{ ;d]t s]xL a9\g uPsf] l:ylt 5 . /fhlj/fh
    gu/kflnsfsf] ;8ssf] l:ylt ;DjGwdf tflnsf g+= &=$ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=7.4M/fhlj/fh gu/kflnsfsf] ;8ssf] l:ylt
    qm=;+= ;8ssf] lsl;d
    nDafO{ -lsdL_
    k|ltzt
    ! sRrL ;8s
    !)
    @@
    @ u|fe]n ;8s
    #)
    ^$
    # kLr ;8s
    &
    !$
    hDdf
    $&
    !))
    ;|f]tM /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsf k|f]kmfOn, @)^#
    -v_ /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsfdf oftfoftsf ;fwgx? cj:yf
    /fhlj/fhdf oftfoftsf ljljw ;fwgx? rNg] u/]sf 5g\ . gu/kflnsf kfZj{lrq @)^# sf
    cg';f/ o; gu/kflnsfdf aonuf8f, ;fOsn, l/S;f, df]6/;fO{sn, hLksf/, df?tLdfOs|f]
    a;, 6ofS6/, 6s, a;, ldlga;, 6]Dkf] /x]sf 5g\ . gu/kflnsfsf] d'Vo ;8s oftfoftx?sf]
    ljj/0f tflnsf g+= &=% df b]vfOPsf] 5 .

    80

    tflnsf g+=7.5M ;8s oftfoft ;fwgsf] ljj/0f


    qm=;+= oftfoftsf] ;fwg
    ! a}nuf8f
    @ ;fOsn
    # l/S;f
    $ df]6/;fO{sn
    % hLksf/
    ^ df?tL]
    & dfOs|f]
    * 6ofS6/
    ( 6s
    !) a;
    !! ldlga;
    !@ 6]Dkf]
    ;|f]t M /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsf k|f]kmfOn, @)^#

    ;+Vof
    ^^
    #&##
    &@@
    &!)
    #^
    @%
    %
    #*
    @&
    @&
    (
    &%

    gu/kflnsfaf6 ljleGg zx/ tyf u|fld0f If]qdf ;d]t lbjf / /fqL a;, ldlga; / dfOs|f]a;
    ;]jf ;+rfng e}/x]sf] 5 . a; ;]jf ;+rfng b}lgs tyf s]xL /fqL ;]jfsf] ?kdf ;d]t ;+rflnt
    5g\ . /fhlj/fhaf6 kmQ]k'/ -;Kt/L_, a;f{Og -;Kt/L, 7f9L -/fhlj/fh_, jl/of/ k6L -/fhlj/fh_,
    kftf] -;Kt/L, ;v8f -;Kt/L_, /fhlj/fh df8/, ufO{3f6 -pbok'/_, lj/f6gu/, s'gf}nL af]8{/ x'Fb}
    lj/f6gu/, w/fg, sfFs8lef, hgsk'/, aL/u+u, e}/xjf, sf7df8f}+;Dd lbjf ;]jfsf a; ;]jf
    ;+rflnt 5g\ eg] sf7df8f}+ / g]kfnu+h;Dd /fqL ;]jf ;d]t ;+rflnt 5g\ . o;/L /fhlj/fhaf6
    b]zsf k|d'v zx/x?df hDdf !!% j8f a; ;]jf ;+rflnt 5 . o;sf cltl/Qm ( j8f ldlga;,
    !) j8f dfOs|f]a; ;]jf /fhlj/fhaf6 lj/f6gu/ cfjthfjt ub{5g\ . g]kfn / k"jL{ t/fO{sf]
    t'ngfdf ;Kt/L lhNnfdf k|of]u ePsf oftfoftsf ;fwfgx?sf] cj:yf tflnsf g+= &=^ df k|:t't
    ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=7.6M cGo oftfoftsf ;fwgsf] k|of]usf] cj:yf
    If]q

    hDdf

    g]kfn

    5423279

    k"jL{
    t/fO{
    ;Kt/L

    799526
    121064

    df]6/

    df]6/ ;fO{sn

    ;fOsn

    85135
    (2%)
    145502
    (18%)
    3390
    (3%)

    519570
    (10%)
    83739
    (10%)
    8904
    (7%)

    1756243
    (32%)
    510541
    (64%)
    76991
    (64%)

    cGo ;jf/L
    ;fwg
    37023
    (1%)
    6968
    (1%)
    856
    (1%)

    gv'n]sf]
    95248
    (2%)
    9128
    (1%)
    2661
    (2%)

    gf]6M sf]i7s -_ leq /x]sf] c+sn] ;DjlGwt ;"rssf] e|dfz+ -k|ltzt_ nfO{ hgfpF5 .
    >f]t M s]=t=lj -@)^(_ rf}dfl;s tYof ultljlw Year 35, Volume 105, No.-1, 2011/12, tflnsf g+= (

    81

    lhNNff ;8s ;~hfn ;DjGwL ljj/0f h:t} ;8ssf] gfd, nDjfO{ ls=ld=, ;8s ;txsf] lsl;d ls=ld=, ;8sdf rfn' cj:yf, ;8sn]
    5f]Psf uflj;x?sf] ljj/0f tflnsf g+= &=& df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=7.7M lhNNff ;8s ;~hfn ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    qm=;=

    ;8ssf] gfd

    1.

    Kharchuhiya-PhulkahiKachan-Deuri

    2.

    Portaha-Bakdhuwa Road
    (Agri tole-Western
    Chandranahar-Trikaul
    VDC-Goithi Bhawan
    Sector)
    Kathauna-PatakoAmarlatichowkBramhapur VDCGamariya-Prabaha-Koshi
    western Canal Road

    3.

    4.

    nDjfO{
    ls=ld=

    jt{dfg
    nDjfO{
    ls=ld=

    ;8s ;txsf] lsl;d ls=ld=


    sfnf]kq] u|fe]n slRr gofF

    16.33

    16.33

    16.33

    16.93

    16.93

    12.60

    4.33

    ;a}
    df};ddf
    rfn'

    cg's'n
    df};df dfq
    rfn'

    16.33

    12.60

    4.33

    6.

    Rupani -Kataiya-MalekpurPhakira- Chhinmasta Lalapatti-Lokram


    Rupnagar-KanchanpurPathari-Pademara

    7.

    Kushaha, Malahanama,
    Paterwa, Malhaniya, Mauwaha,
    Belhi
    Kushaha, Paterwa, Malhaniya,
    Rautahat, Ramnagar

    20.98

    20.98

    10.00

    10.98

    10.00

    10.98
    Khojpur, Pansera, Siruwa Belhi,
    Dhangahi, Sarshwar, Phulaki,
    Kanchan, Deuri

    19.62

    19.62

    7.50

    12.12

    7.50

    12.12

    17.81

    17.81

    17.81

    17.81

    21.50

    21.50

    21.50

    21.50

    29.97

    29.97

    28.00

    1.97

    28.00

    1.97

    Hariharpur-PakariBisahariya-Tilathi

    5.

    ;8sn] 5f]Psf uflj;x?

    Usaha-Belhi

    82

    Kalyanpur, Maina
    Sahashrabahu, Inarwa
    Phulbariya, Negada, Banaula,
    Kabilasha, Bhutahi, Pato,
    Bhutahi
    Mohanpur, Rampur Jamuwa,
    Arnaha, Brahmapur, Pato,
    Tarahi
    Khoksar Prabaha, Sambhunath,
    Patthargada, Belahi Chapena,
    Nargho, Banainiya
    Nakati Rayapur, Kataiya,
    Malekpur, Simraha, Phakira,
    Chhinamasta, Lalpatti,
    Kochabakhari

    nDjfO{
    ls=ld=

    jt{dfg
    nDjfO{
    ls=ld=

    23.17

    23.17

    15.00

    8.17

    22.45

    22.45

    22.45

    10. Rajbiraj Pump

    12.72

    12.72

    11.

    6.04

    6.04

    1.22

    1.22

    qm=;=
    8.
    9.

    12.

    ;8ssf] gfd
    Jharuwa chowk-Jhutaki
    Road

    ;8s ;txsf] lsl;d ls=ld=


    sfnf]kq] u|fe]n slRr gofF

    ;a}
    df};ddf
    rfn'

    cg's'n
    df};df dfq
    rfn'

    15.00

    8.17

    22.45

    12.72

    12.72

    6.04

    6.04

    1.22

    Portaha-Bakdhuwa Road

    Canal(padariya chowkUttar Dighuwa VDCBhagwanpur VDC


    Bishnupur Tole-Paschim
    Itahari-Bishupur VDC
    Rajbiraj-Hanuman Nagar
    Road (Jhalahi tole~Dakshin
    Paschim Canal Sector)

    1.22

    Prasbani, Hariharpur, Dighawa,


    Pakhi, Mahadeva, Bamangama
    katti, Deuri Bharuwa, Bishariya,
    Launiya, Tilathi, Kochabakhari
    Jandaul, Bakdhuwa, Prasbani,
    Diman, Jandagothi, Bhagatpur,
    Joginiya 1, Joginiya 2
    Rajbiraj M., Boriya, Itahari
    Bisnupur, Kochabakhari,
    Chhinamasta
    Mainakaderi, Trikaul, Portaha

    Trikaul, Bairawa

    13. Kadkhona-Rautahat Road


    14. Kalyanpur-Inarwa-

    2.88

    2.88

    2.88

    2.88

    4.08

    4.08

    4.08

    4.08

    15. Rampur Jamaha-Basalpur

    12.11

    12.11

    12.11

    12.11

    7.49

    7.49

    7.49

    7.49

    Phulbariaya-BanaulaBanauli-Barahi-Kushaha

    Rampur Babalwa, Basbalpur


    Bramhapur, Gamhariya

    Road

    16. Rajbiraj-Gobindpur Road

    ;8sn] 5f]Psf uflj;x?

    to Barahi~Birpur Link Road


    17. Mauhil Bridge~Purba
    Bairawa VDC
    18. Bhardaha-Dadaha-Pakari
    Road
    19. Andhupatti ChowkJoginiya VDC

    2.57

    2.57

    2.57

    2.57

    5.58

    5.58

    1.60

    1.58

    2.40

    3.18

    2.40

    3.24

    3.24

    3.24

    3.24

    20. Jandaul-Kushaha Road

    10.31

    10.31

    5.00

    5.31

    5.00

    5.31

    83

    Pakhi, Bathanaha, Dadha,


    Diman, Trikaul, Madhawapur,
    Bhardawa
    Diman, Goithi, Trikaul,
    Madhawapur, Portaha
    Rajbiraj M., Phasaith, Bishariya
    Bamangama Katti, Madhepura,
    Koiladi
    Bamangama Katti, Barsain
    Bakhdhuwa, Lohajara,
    Goithithi, Trikaul

    qm=;=

    ;8ssf] gfd

    21. Rajbiraj-Hanuman Nagar

    Road (Manashpur
    chowk~Dakshin Canal
    bank~Kobarsain VDC)
    22. Mahuli - Lohajara
    Hanumannagar
    23. Baluwa chowk~Paschim
    Ghoghanpur VDC
    24. Kathaunapato-Aurahi
    Road
    25. Topa chowk Uttar Mahadev VDCBhagawatpur VDC

    26. Mainakaderi-Rupani Road

    hDdf lhNnf ;8s ls=ld=

    nDjfO{
    ls=ld=

    jt{dfg
    nDjfO{
    ls=ld=

    5.00

    5.00

    ;8s ;txsf] lsl;d ls=ld=


    sfnf]kq] u|fe]n slRr gofF
    -

    3.00

    2.00

    ;a}
    df};ddf
    rfn'

    cg's'n
    df};df dfq
    rfn'

    3.00

    2.00

    ;8sn] 5f]Psf uflj;x?


    Bamangama Katti,
    MahaeDewa, Bhagwatpur

    4.14

    4.14

    4.14

    4.14

    10.08

    10.08

    5.00

    5.08

    5.00

    5.08

    0.49

    0.49

    0.49

    0.49

    1.10

    1.10

    1.10

    1.10

    Ghoghanpur, Dharmapur,
    Jagatpur, Kanchanpur
    Rajbiraj M., Pakhi, Bathanaha,
    Mahadeva, Bhagwatpur
    Boriya, Itahari Bisnupur
    Ghoghanpur, Dharmapur

    4.35

    4.35

    4.35

    4.35

    282.16

    282.16

    2.82

    195.32

    84.02

    198.14

    84.02

    ;|f]t M:yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf s[lif ;8s ljefu -8f]ln8f/_, @)&!

    84

    Bathanaha, Joginiya 2,
    Hanumannagar, Joginiya 1

    lhNNffsf] u|fld0f ;8s ;DjGwL ljj/0f h:t} ;8ssf] gfd, nDjfO{ ls=ld=, ;8s ;txsf] lsl;d ls=ld=, ;8sdf rfn' cj:yf,
    ;8sn] 5f]Psf uflj;x?sf] ljj/0f tflnsf g+= &=* df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=7.8M u|fld0f ;8s ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    qm=;=
    1.
    2.
    3.
    4.
    5.

    ;8ssf] gfd
    Bode-Barsain - KushmaharRamanagr
    Kanchira - Lalapatti -Katona
    Sadak
    Bode Barsain- MalahaniaRamnagar
    Kadarbona-Rautahat Road

    ;8s ;txsf] lsl;d ls=ld=


    sfnf]k u|fe]n slRr gofF
    q]

    nDjfO{
    ls=ld=

    jt{dfg
    nDjfO{
    ls=ld=

    ;a}
    df};df
    rfn'

    cg's'n
    df};df dfq
    rfn'

    6.50

    6.50

    3.00

    3.50

    3.00

    3.50

    10.50

    10.50

    10.50

    10.50

    5.50

    5.50

    5.50

    5.50

    18.70

    18.70

    4.50

    14.20

    4.50

    14.20

    5.00

    5.00

    5.00

    5.00

    11.77

    11.77

    11.77

    11.77

    9.00

    9.00

    4.00

    5.00

    4.00

    5.00

    Malhanma, Haripur, pansera,


    Banarjhula, Khojpur
    Theliya, mainakaderi, barmajhiya

    6.78

    6.78

    6.78

    6.78

    Malhanma, Paterwa, Siswa - Belhi

    ;8sn] 5f]Psf uflj;x?


    Bodebarshain, Pholkahi, Ramnagar,
    Saraswar
    Banarjhula, khojpur, Maina
    Sahasrabaha, Inerwa Pholbariya,
    Rampurjamuwa
    Bodebarshain, Pholkahi, Ramnagar
    Kushaha, Malhanma, paterwa,
    Malhaniya, Rauthat, Ramnagar
    Lohajara, Menakaderi, Portaha

    8.

    Lohajara - Mainakaderi Portaha


    Haripur-Pansera - Paterwa
    Khojpur
    Simara-BarmajhiyaMalkore
    Dhatibajar- Dubahi - Siswa

    9.

    Deuri-Khadagpur - Pato

    8.40

    8.40

    4.00

    4.40

    4.00

    4.40

    Deuri, tarahi, Bhutahi

    10.

    Gaura-Balanpatti Shehara
    Siraha Road-Bishaharia- G.
    Parwaha - Chandra Nahar

    6.00

    6.00

    2.50

    3.50

    2.50

    3.50

    Sarswar, Malahaniya, Rauthat

    7.87

    7.87

    7.87

    7.87

    Pathargara, Gamariya Prabaha

    4.00

    4.00

    4.00

    4.00

    10.00

    10.00

    10.00

    10.00

    7.12

    7.12

    2.00

    5.12

    2.00

    5.12

    Odraha, kamalpur

    4.50

    4.50

    4.50

    4.50

    Khoksar Prabaha

    6.
    7.

    11.
    12.

    Debdhar-Belha-Phulbariya

    13.

    Rupni - Gaighat

    14.
    15.

    Sakhubari-Kamalapur
    Trafficchowk (Sambhunath)
    - Gaighat

    85

    Bhangaha, basalpur, Inerwa Phulbariya


    Raypur, Khoksar- Prabaha

    qm=;=
    16.
    17.
    18.
    19.
    20.
    21.
    22.
    23.
    24.
    25.
    26.
    27.
    28.

    ;8ssf] gfd
    Birendra Bazar-BasbitiMusahamia
    Rupnagar-Sawanpur Ghoghanpur
    Boriya-Ranjitpur-Gorgama
    Road
    Kadamaha ChowkChakadaha-ParamanpurTikuliya-Dhatitol Road
    Kushaha HighschoolMadhupatti-Lakshamipur
    Road
    Nardho-Anharikatti TolJamuwa-ShambhunathBaniniya Sadak
    Portaha-MainakaderiBheriya-BuddhawaLohajara Road
    Rampura-HattiKochabakhari-Lokharam
    Road
    Raypur-Khoksar-Tengaraha
    Road
    Topa-Parashahi-Koiladi
    Road
    Bhediya-Kamalpur-Babhana
    Gaura-Sarswar-Gaura Mahanauri - Madhuban Balanpatti Shehara
    Jhutki-Pachinadi Sadak

    ;8s ;txsf] lsl;d ls=ld=


    sfnf]k u|fe]n slRr gofF
    q]

    nDjfO{
    ls=ld=

    jt{dfg
    nDjfO{
    ls=ld=

    ;a}
    df};df
    rfn'

    cg's'n
    df};df dfq
    rfn'

    5.00

    5.00

    5.00

    5.00

    Terahauta, Basbitti

    6.80

    6.80

    2.00

    4.80

    2.00

    4.80

    Rupnagar

    2.00

    2.00

    2.00

    2.00

    Itahari Bisnupur

    10.00

    10.00

    10.00

    10.00

    6.00

    6.00

    6.00

    6.00

    Daulatpur,Madhupatti,Kushaha

    3.00

    3.00

    3.00

    3.00

    Belahi Chapena,Nargho

    10.00

    10.00

    10.00

    10.00

    Lohajara,Mainakakadera,trikal,Port
    ha

    7.00

    7.00

    7.00

    7.00

    Ko chabakhari,barahi Birpur, Ko
    chabakhari,Chhinnamasta

    4.00

    4.00

    4.00

    4.00

    Khoksar Parbaha

    5.00

    5.00

    5.00

    5.00

    5.00

    5.00

    5.00

    5.00

    Bamangama Katti,Deuri
    Bharuwa,Madhepura
    Hadiya

    4.00

    4.00

    4.00

    4.00

    Dhangadhi,Sarshwar

    6.00

    6.00

    6.00

    6.00

    Jhutaki,Nargho,Banainiya

    86

    ;8sn] 5f]Psf uflj;x?

    Madhupatti,Kushaha,Haripur,Tikuli
    ya,Paterwa

    qm=;=
    29.

    ;8ssf] gfd

    35.

    Bburki-HariharpurMatgadhi-Kamalpur Dighwa
    Phatehpur-SakhawaniBalardah
    Bhagani - Patantol - Odraha
    Gangajali - Odraha Bochahi
    Rupnagar-BastipurSawanpur -Ghoghanpur
    DharmapurRaghunathapur-GoraparSukkhatol-TatamatolBarmajhiya
    Kachan-Deuri

    36.

    Nardho-Bishanpur Road

    30.
    31.
    32.
    33.
    34.

    hDdf u|fld0f ;8s ls=ld=

    ;8s ;txsf] lsl;d ls=ld=


    sfnf]k u|fe]n slRr gofF
    q]

    nDjfO{
    ls=ld=

    jt{dfg
    nDjfO{
    ls=ld=

    ;a}
    df};df
    rfn'

    cg's'n
    df};df dfq
    rfn'

    8.00

    8.00

    8.00

    8.00

    Prasbani,Hariharpur,Dighawa

    2.00

    2.00

    2.00

    2.00

    Phattepur

    4.00

    4.00

    4.00

    4.00

    Kamalpur

    4.00

    4.00

    4.00

    4.00

    Kamalpur

    4.00

    4.00

    4.00

    4.00

    Ghoghanpur,Dharmpur

    8.00

    8.00

    8.00

    8.00

    Dharmapur,Barmahiya

    3.00

    3.00

    3.00

    3.00

    Kanchan,Deuri

    12.00

    12.00

    12.00

    12.00

    Aurahi,Parwaha,Nargho,Phakira,Si
    mraha,Boraya,Itahari Bishnupur

    240.44

    240.44

    41.00

    199.44

    41.00

    199.44

    ;|f]t M :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf s[lif ;8s ljefu -8f]ln8f/_, @)&!

    87

    ;8sn] 5f]Psf uflj;x?

    &=@xjfO{ ;]jf
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    /fhlj/fh s'gf}nL -ef/t_ ;8s b]lv sl/a ! ls=dL= klZrddf ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f u/L ljdfg
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    gu/ljsf; of]hgf, /fhlj/fh, @)&)_ . ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWodx? ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+=
    &=( df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=7.9M lhNnfdf /x]sf ;~rf/ dfWodx?
    /fhlj/fh 6'8] b}lgs
    /fhlj/fh b}lgs
    Go"h 6'8] b}lgs
    s[i0ff b}lgs
    hgcfqmf]z b}lgs
    cfhsf] aftfj/0f b}lgs
    Saty-That Daily

    lu|g dw]z b}lgs


    cfhsf] hgk'sf/ b}lgs
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    -s_ 5fkf dfWodx? -kqklqsf_


    dw]z qmflGt ;fKtflxs
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    88

    kl/36gf b}lgs
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    /]l8of] ho dw]z
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    -s_ 5fkf dfWodx? -kqklqsf_


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    cg nfOg va/ MTahalkakhabar.com

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    742340
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    4585709
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    2756325
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    1976603
    (36%)

    1048348
    (19%)

    395034
    (7%)

    180746
    (3%)

    399699
    (7%)

    3504929
    (65%)

    93826
    (12%)
    23470
    (19%)

    696572
    (87%)
    94933
    (78%)

    329898
    (41%)
    45641
    (38%)

    373304
    (47%)
    33153
    (27%)

    108690
    (14%)
    4834
    (4%)

    40665
    (5%)
    1941
    (2%)

    13792
    (2%)
    376
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    50832
    (6%)
    2583
    (2%)

    522061
    (65%)
    61900
    (51%)

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    90

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    >f]t M s]=t=lj -@)^(_ rf}dfl;s tYof ultljlw Year 35, Volume 105, No.-1, 2011/12, tflnsf g+= ^

    -v_ gljs/0fLoa}slNks pmhf{ ljsf;sf] cj:yf / ljt/0f l:ylt, kl/k|of]usf] cj:yf


    o; lhNnfdf hg;+Vofsf] cgkftdf phf{ k|ljlwsf] k|of]u x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . o;sf] d'Vo
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    o; lhNnf cGt/ut ;+:yfut jfof]uofF; !, 3/fo;L ;f]nf/ #)) yfg / dlGb/ ;f]nf/ @* yfg,
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    91

    r'nf] #)) 3/w'/Ln] k|of]u ul//x]sf] 5 . o; lhNnfdf jfof] OGwg, jfof] lju|]6,h}ljs OGwg, jfo'
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    >f]t M s]=t=lj -@)^(_ rf}dfl;s tYof ultljlw Year 35, Volume 105, No.-1, 2011/12, tflnsf g+= %

    92

    3/kl/jf/n] k|of]u ug]{ rkL{sf] k|sf/ cg';f/sf 3/kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof x]bf{ ;Kt/L lhNnfdf sl/j &(
    k|ltzt 3/kl/jf/df rkL{ gePsf] tYof /x]sf] 5 . km\n; ePsf] ;fj{hlgs 9n hDdf @ k|ltzt
    / ;fwf/0f rkL{ hDdf & k|ltzt 3/kl/jf/;Fu /x]sf] 5 -tflnsf g+= &=!^_ .
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    >f]t M s]=t=lj -@)^(_ rf}dfl;s tYof ultljlw Year 35, Volume 105, No.-1, 2011/12, tflnsf g+= *

    -v_ v'Nnf lbzf d'Qm If]qsf] l:ylt


    lhlj;sf] kxndf xfn;Dd s~rgk'/ uflj;nfO{ v'Nnf lbzf d'Qm uflj; 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] 5 h'g
    uflj; xfn u7g ePsf] gofF gu/kflnsfdf uflePsf] 5 . vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ If]qdf sfo{
    ug{ lhNnf, gu/ / ufFp :t/df tyf kqsf/x?sf] ;d]t vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ ;dGJo
    ;ldltx? u7g ul/Psf 5g\ . ;g\ @)!^ ;Dddf ;Kt/L lhNnfnfO{ v'Nnf lbzf d'Qm If]q 3f]if0ff
    ug]{ lg0f{o lhNnf kl/ifb\af6 ePsf] 5 . UN Habitat sf] ;xof]udf j]n g]kfn / ;jn g]kfn
    gfds u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n] #) j6f uflj;df v'Nnf lbzf d'Qm uflj; 3f]if0ff ug]{ cleofgdf
    sfo{ ul/ /x]sf 5g\ eg] P;PgeLsf] ;xof]udf !@ j6f uflj;df cfO{8L gfds u}/;/sf/L
    ;+:yfn] cfjZos ;fdfu|Lx? pknJw u/fP/ ;xof]u ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn]
    v'Nnf lbzf d'Qm If]q 3f]if0ff ug]{ uflj;x?nfO{ k|lt uflj; @ nfv k'/:sf/ lbg] 3f]if0ff ;d]t
    u/]sf] 5 . ;'gf}nf] xhf/ lbg sfo{qmdn] klg o; If]qdf ;xof]u ub}} cfPsf] 5 . uflj; :t/Lo
    v'Nnf lbzf d'Qm If]q ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= &=!&df pNn]v 5 .
    tflnsf g+=7.17M v'Nnf lbzfd'Qm If]qsf] cj:yf
    uflj;sf] gfd

    s'n
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    1,328

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    qm=;=
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    77

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    8.22

    ;fdfGo hfgsf/L

    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
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    27
    28
    29
    30
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    32
    33
    34
    35
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    37
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    39
    40
    41

    ;f}rfno

    94

    qm=;=

    uflj;sf] gfd

    s'n
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    1,603

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    1,653

    9,918

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    33,865

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    13

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    6,251

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    5,315

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    64

    358

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    37.03

    ;fdfGo hfgsf/L

    43
    44
    45
    46
    47
    48
    49
    50
    51
    52
    53
    54
    55
    56
    57
    58
    59
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    61
    62
    63
    64
    65
    66
    67
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    71
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    74
    75
    76
    77

    ;f}rfno

    95

    qm=;=

    uflj;sf] gfd

    s'n
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    c;'/lIft

    s'n
    ;f}rfno

    ;f}rfno
    gePsf
    3/w'/L

    ;f}rfno
    ePsf]
    3/w'/L
    k|ltzt

    78

    /fok'/ g6\sL
    g3f]{
    l5Ggd:tf
    a:jnk'/
    l;D/fl;lhof]g
    ag/em'nf
    vf]V;f/k"j{
    sr]g
    km"nsfxL
    udxl/ofk/xjf
    s6}of
    a|xk'/
    dn]sk'/
    agf}nL
    sljnf;L
    l83jf
    hd'gL dw]k'/
    /fdk'/ hd'jf
    cf}/fxL
    a]lNxrk]gf
    dg/fhf
    v8\uk'/
    dOgf;x;{jfx'
    dn]y
    b]p/L
    kftf]
    agOlgof
    af]l/of
    e'6xL
    l;tfk'/
    t]/x6
    agf}nf
    e+ufxf
    a:flj6L
    g]u8f
    kmls/f

    1,744

    9,814

    4,660

    411

    156

    567

    1,177

    32.52

    1,249

    7,341

    621

    319

    319

    930

    25.55

    1,145

    6,692

    181

    129

    154

    283

    862

    24.72

    715

    3,111

    398

    81

    82

    163

    552

    22.80

    950

    5,890

    380

    215

    215

    735

    22.64

    838

    5,053

    200

    182

    189

    649

    22.56

    839

    4,821

    409

    99

    65

    164

    675

    19.55

    515

    3,090

    215

    98

    98

    417

    19.03

    747

    4,482

    310

    142

    142

    605

    19.01

    926

    5,556

    365

    176

    176

    750

    19.01

    747

    4,482

    310

    142

    142

    605

    19.01

    732

    4,392

    301

    139

    139

    593

    18.99

    1,048

    7,288

    438

    199

    199

    849

    18.99

    955

    5,730

    5,730

    181

    181

    774

    18.96

    628

    3,768

    251

    119

    119

    509

    18.95

    551

    3,292

    304

    47

    56

    103

    448

    18.70

    771

    1,542

    190

    107

    26

    133

    638

    17.26

    892

    2,855

    396

    71

    81

    152

    740

    17.05

    877

    5,255

    221

    142

    149

    728

    16.99

    1,032

    5,514

    375

    69

    103

    172

    860

    16.67

    869

    5,088

    391

    75

    41

    116

    753

    13.35

    861

    4,738

    367

    86

    11

    97

    764

    11.27

    899

    5,600

    85

    89

    810

    9.90

    966

    6,457

    670

    78

    87

    879

    9.01

    977

    4,054

    249

    29

    87

    890

    8.91

    1,088

    5,532

    405

    95

    95

    993

    8.74

    711

    4,514

    415

    51

    59

    652

    8.30

    891

    5,707

    105

    71

    71

    820

    7.97

    507

    3,812

    407

    37

    40

    467

    7.89

    875

    4,996

    162

    68

    68

    807

    7.78

    1,065

    6,768

    447

    38

    44

    82

    983

    7.70

    890

    4,662

    210

    49

    14

    63

    827

    7.08

    1,046

    6,055

    612

    53

    15

    68

    978

    6.51

    695

    4,187

    382

    23

    20

    43

    652

    6.19

    941

    5,854

    366

    39

    19

    58

    883

    6.17

    738

    6,545

    74

    43

    43

    695

    5.83

    ;fdfGo hfgsf/L

    79
    80
    81
    82
    83
    84
    85
    86
    87
    88
    89
    90
    91
    92
    93
    94
    95
    96
    97
    98
    99
    100
    101
    102
    103
    104
    105
    106
    107
    108
    109
    110
    111
    112
    113

    ;f}rfno

    96

    uflj;sf] gfd

    s'n
    3/w'/L

    s'n
    hg;+Vof

    Pd8\ofu

    ;'/lIft

    c;'/lIft

    s'n
    ;f}rfno

    ;f}rfno
    gePsf
    3/w'/L

    ;f}rfno
    ePsf]
    3/w'/L
    k|ltzt

    t/xL
    em'6\sL
    s'n hDdf

    878

    4,625

    283

    14

    29

    43

    835

    4.90

    700

    3,901

    277

    697

    0.43

    121,098

    639,284

    53,758

    20,980

    2,675

    23,711

    88,476

    21.19

    ;fdfGo hfgsf/L

    qm=;=
    114
    115

    ;f}rfno

    ;|f]tM lhlj; ;Kt/L, @)&! c;f/


    &=^ 9n lgsf; / kmf]xf]/d}nf ;+sng tyf Joj:yfkg
    /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsfdf zx/Ls/0fsf] a[l4 ;Fu} kmf]x/d}nf ;+sng / Joj:yfkgsdf klg ;:of
    j9\b} uO/x]sf] 5 . zx/sf] kmf]x/ Joj:yfkgn] gu/sf] zf]ef a9fpg] / 36fpg] sfd ub{5 .
    /flh/fh gu/kflnfsfdf 8lDk ;fO{6 gePsf]n] cf+lzs ?kdf kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg ug]{ ul/Psf]
    5 . kmf]x/d}nf ;8ssf] lsgf/f / gfnfdf kmfNgfn] lbg k|ltlbg jfo' k|b'if0f x'g uO{ /x]sf] 5 .
    aflif{s ?kdf sl/j $) d]=6= kmf]x/d}nf pTkfbg x'g] /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsfdf xfn 6ofS6/
    k|of]u u/L kmf]xf]/d}nf ;+sng ul/G5 . gu/kflnsfaf6 pTkflbt clwsf+z kmf]xf]/d}nfx? vfN8f]df
    k'g]{, ;8s y'kfg]{ tyf glbsf] 5]pdf y'kfg]{ ul/Psf]n] klg zx/sf] jftfj/0f / :yfgLo afl;Gbfsf]
    :jf:Yodf o;sf] k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ u/]sf] 5 . j8fx?df kmf]xf]/d}nf ;+sng tyf Joj:yfkgsf]
    sfo{ xfn;Dd klg x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .kmf]xf]/d}nf kmfNg] 7fpF ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= &=!* df
    pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=7.18M kmf]xf]/d}nf kmfNg] 7fpF
    qm=;+=
    kmfNg] 7fpF
    kl/jf/ ;+Vof
    k|ltzt
    1747
    30.6
    ! 3/af/Ldf vfN8f] vgL
    1594
    27.9
    @ vfnL v]trf}/
    1273
    22.3
    # ;8s lsgf/f
    884
    15.5
    $ gfnf
    211
    3.7
    % sG6]g/
    5709
    100.0
    s'n
    ;|f]t M cfjlws gu/ ljsf; of]hgf, /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsf, @)&)
    tflnsf g+=&=!* cg';f/ #)=^ kl/jf/n] kmf]x/d}nf cfg} v]tdf vfN8f] vg]/ y'kfb{5g\ eg]
    @&=( kl/jf/ 3/ jl/kl/ vfnL v]trf}/df kmf]x/d}nf kmfNb5g\ . j8f g+= @, !), ^ / & sf
    blIf0fL efusf afl;Gbfx? ljz]if u/L kmf]x/d}nf vfN8f] vg]/ of vfnL v]tdf kmfNb5g\ eg] j8f
    g+= $, % !, #, * / ( df ljz]if u/L ;8s lsgf/f / gfnfdf kmf]x/d}nf kmfNg] ub{5g\ .
    sG6]g/sf] Joj:yf ;ldlt ePsf]n] #=& kl/jf/ dfq sG6]g/sf] k|of]u ub{5g\ .

    97

    en'jfxL gbL lsgf/sf kl/jf/x?sf] zf}rfnosf] lgsf; ;f]xL gbLdf ug]{ ul/Psf]n] ;f] gbL
    cToGt} k|b'lift x'g uPsf] 5 . ;fy} gu/kflnsfsf] kmf]x/d}nf kmfNg] 8lDk ;fO6sf] cefjsf]
    sf/0f en'jfxL gbLsf] lsgf/df klg kmf]x/d}nf y'kfg]{ ul/G5 . /fhlj/fhdf a9\bf] Knfli6s
    emf]nfsf] k|of]un] ubf{ klg k|b'if0f al9 /x]sf] 5 . j8f g+= ! xl6of jl/kl/sf sl/a &)
    3/kl/jf/sf] zf}rfnsf] lgsf; gfnfdf ePsf]n] jfo' Pj+ hnLo k|b'if0f a9\b} uO/x]sf] 5 .
    /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsfdf Jojl:yt a;kfs{sf] cefj /x]sf]n] gu/sf] s]Gb| lqe'jg rf}s / g]tf
    rf}ssf] ;]/f]km]/f]df g} a;x? kfls{ ug]{ ul/Psf]n] gu/df Wjlg k|b'if0f a9\b} uPsf] 5 .
    &=&gbL lgoGq0f
    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf /x]sf d'Vo vf]nf tyf gbLx?df ;'Gb/Lvf]nf, dx'nL vf]nf, vf8f] vf]nf, v8\u
    vf]nf / l;;jf/L vf]nf /x]sf 5g\ . tL vf]nfx?n] k|efj kfg]{ uflj;x? / If]qkmnsf] ljj/0f tn
    tflnsf g+= &=!( df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=7.19M e";+/If0f ug{kg]{ If]qx?
    qm=;+= uflj;
    :yfg / If]qkmn
    ! ?kgu/, w/dk'/, a/dlemof, wf]wgk'/
    ;'Gb/L vf]nf pkhnfwf/ #%) x]S6/
    @ asw'jf, nf]xh/f, l8dg, h08f}n,
    dx"nL vf]nf pknfwf/ %%) x]S6/
    7]lnof,d}gfs88]/L
    # Vf]S;/, l;tfk'/, t]/xf}tf, j;la6L, /fok'/,
    vf8f] pkhnfwf/ !^)) x]S6/
    dn]7, xl/x/k'/, ks/L, lbUjf, b]p/Le?jf,
    k|;jgL, lj;xl/of,;s/k"/f, nf}lgof, ltnf7L,
    nnfk6L
    $ sNofg6k'/, vf]hk'/, e+ufxf, v8\uk'/, ;xqjfx' v8\u vf]nf pkhnfwf/ $#) x]S6/
    % lkk|f k=, dw'd6L, xlb{of, bf}ntk'/, s';xf
    l;;jf/L vf]nf pkhnfwf/ @&) x]S6/
    ;|f]tM lhNnf e";+/If0f sfof{Nfo, ;Kt/L, @)&)
    ;'Gb/L vf]nf, dx'nL vf]nf, vf8f] vf]nf, v8\u vf]nf / l;;jf/L vf]nfsf pkhnwf/x?sf]
    lgoGq0fn] nfeflGjt uflj;x?sf] ljj/0f tflnsf g++= &=@) dfpNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=7.20MgbL lgoGq0fsf] cj:yf
    qm=;=
    gbL jf vf]nfgfnfsf] gfd
    nfeflGjt uflj;x?gu/kflnsf j8fx?
    1 ;"Gb/L vf]nf pkhnfwf/
    ?kgu/, w/dk'/, a/dlemof, wf]wgk'/
    2 dx"nL vf]nf pknfwf/
    asw'jf, lqsf}n, nf]xh/f, l*dg, h)*f}n, &]lnof,
    d}gfs8]/L
    3 vf8f] pkhnfwf/
    Vf]S;/, l;tfk'/, t]/xf}tf, /fok'/, dn]&, xl/x/k'/,
    b]p/Le?jf, k|;jgL, lj;xl/of,
    4 v8u vf]nf pkhnfwf/
    sNofgk'/, vf]hk'/, e+ufxf
    5 l;;jf/L vf]nf pkhnfwf/
    lkk/f k=, dw'd^L, xlb{of, bf}ntk'/, s';xf
    ;|f]tM lhNnf e";+/If0f sfof{Nfo, hnpTkGg k|sf]k, ;Kt/L, @)&)
    98

    8.

    v08*M ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/ tyf ;]jf

    *=! lzIff
    ;Kt/Ldf cfly{s jif{ @)!!!@ df 5fq tyf 5fqf b'a} dWo] sIff Psdf gofF egf{ ePsf ^&
    ;Fu k"j{ afnljsf;sf] cg'ej /x]sf] 5 h'g If]qLo / /fli6o txsf] ;/b/ -^!_ eGbf dfly xf] .
    hasL ;Kt/Ldf cfwf/e"t / dfWolds lzIffdf x'g] egf{ /fli6o / If]qLo txsf] eGbf sd 5 . !@
    jif{ ;Dd 5fq tyf 5fqfsf] :s"n 5f8\g]b/ Pp6} b]lvG5 eg] To;kl5sf] pd]/df eg] 5fqfx?sf]
    :s"n 5f8\g] b/ bf]Aa/ b]lvG5 .;Kt/Lsf sl/j b'O{ ltxfO ljBfnox?df vfg]kfgL zf}rfnosf]
    ;'ljwf /x]sf] 5 t/ s]jn Ps ltxfO{ ljBfnox?df dfq 5fq tyf 5fqfx?sf] nflu 5'f 5'}
    zf}rfnosf] ;'ljwf / xft w'g] ;'ljwf /x]sf] 5 .
    o; lhNnfdf s]Gb|af6k|fKt ;'ljwfdf sfd ug]{ k|fylds lzIfsx?sf] ;+Vof @,)@^ /x]sf] 5 eg]
    Tof] eGbf dflyNnf] txdf ^!@ lzIfsx? sfo{/t /x]sf 5g\ . To;} u/L o; lhNnfdf cfwf/e"t
    tx / dfWolds txdf lzIfs ljBfyL{ cg'kft qmdzM %^ / $) /x]sf] 5 . sIff ! b]lv % ;Ddsf
    lzIfsx? dWo] @& lzIfsx? dlxnf lzIfsx? /]x]sf 5g\ / lt dWo] % k|ltzt tflnd glnPsf
    5g\ t/ ;f]xL txsf k'?if lzIfsx? eg] s]jn @ k|ltzt dfq tflnd ljlxg 5g\ . sIff ^* df
    dlxnf lzIfsx?sf] k|ltzt !% /x]sf] 5 / lt dWo] @@ k|ltzt tflnd ljlxg /x]sf 5g\ . hasL
    ;f]xL txsf k'?if lzIfsx? !) k|ltzt dfq tflnd ljlxg /x]sf 5g\ . kfFr jif{ eGbf dflysf b'O{
    ltxfO{ eGbf al9 -^&_ k'?ifx? / $# dlxnfx? ;fIf/ /x]sf 5g\ . lt dWo] @# k'/if / !$
    dlxnfn] cfwf/e"t lzIff k'/f u/]sf 5g\ .
    ;Kt/Ldf Pp6f dfq ;/sf/L SofDk; /x]sf] 5 . o;df dfgljsL / lzIffdf :gftsf]Q/ tx
    ;Ddsf] k9fO{ x'G5 eg] sfg"g, lj1fg / Joj:yfkg ljifosf] :gfts tx ;Ddsf] k9fO x'G5 .
    @)!@ df hDdf !^@^ ljBfyL{x?n] cWoog u/]sf]df lt dWo] dlxnfsf] lx:;f @( k|ltzt /x]sf]
    lyof] . o; afx]s lqljaf6 ;DaGwg k|fKt u/L gLlh:t/af6 /fhlj/fh, ef]8], efUgfk'/df tyf
    kmQ]k'/df ;~rflnt % j6f SofDk;x?n] lzIff / Joj:yfkgdf :gfts tx ;Ddsf] lzIff k|bfg
    ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ .
    *=!=! lhNnfsf] z}lIfs tyf ;fIf/tf l:ylt
    ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] z}lIfs cj:yf ;DjGwL k"j{ afn ljsf; tyf k"j{ k|fylds ljBfnosf] ;+VofTds
    cj:yf tflnsf g+= *=! df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.1M k"j{ afn ljsf;k"j{ k|fylds ljBfnosf] ;+VofTds cj:yf
    jif{
    2007
    2008
    2009
    2010
    2011

    >f]t M

    ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t
    200
    200
    200
    200
    200

    ;fd'bflos ljBfnosf
    168
    208
    397
    429
    461

    ;+:yfut ljBfnosf
    0
    28
    4
    4
    40

    hDdf
    368
    436
    601
    633
    701

    GoN/MoE/DoE (2011). Consolidated Report, 2011, School Level Educational Statistics of Nepal, Annex 1

    99

    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf txut ljBfyL{sf] ;+Vof tflnsf g+= *=@ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.2M txut ljBfyL{ ;+Vof
    tx
    k|fylds
    tx
    lgDg
    dfWolds
    dfWolds
    pRr
    dfWolds
    hDdf

    %fqf
    54721
    72143
    7665
    9848
    144377

    ;|f]tM lhNnf lzIff sfof{no ;Kt/L, @)&!,

    %fq
    51285
    68251
    8646
    10945
    139127

    hDdf
    16006
    140394
    16311
    20343
    193054

    Status Report, 2011-12

    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf txcg';f/sf] ljBfno ;+Vof tflnsf g+= *=# df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.3M tx cg';f/ ljBfno ;+Vof
    jif{
    tx
    k|fylds
    tx
    lgDg
    dfWolds
    dfWolds
    pRr
    dfWolds
    hDdf

    >f]t M

    2007
    346
    114
    64
    351

    2008
    346
    114
    64
    11
    351

    2009
    336
    102
    52
    28
    340

    2010
    336
    102
    52
    28
    340

    2011
    481
    176
    72
    41
    484

    GoN/MoE/DoE (2011). Consolidated Report, 2011, School Level Educational Statistics of Nepal, Annex II

    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf k"j{ afnljsf; s]Gb| / k"j{ k|fylds ljBfnodf ePsf] egf{sf] ;+Vof ;DjGwL
    ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=$ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.4M k"j{ afnljsf; s]Gb| / k"j{ k|fylds ljBfnodf ePsf] egf{sf] ;+Vof
    jif{
    5fqf
    5fq
    hDdf

    >f]t M

    2006

    357

    445

    802

    2007

    4218

    4381

    8599

    2008

    5288

    5397

    10685

    2009

    6196

    6381

    12577

    2010

    3594

    3552

    7146

    2011

    7725

    7807

    15532

    GoN/MoE/DoE (2011). Consolidated Report, 2011, School Level Educational Statistics of Nepal, Annex V

    100

    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf k"j{ afnljsf; s]Gb| / k"j{ k|fylds ljBfnodf egf{sf] cj:yf ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+= *=% df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.5M k"j{ afn ljsf; s]Gb| / k"j{k|fylds sIffx?df egf{sf] cj:yf
    blnt
    hghflt
    egf{ ePsf] jif{
    5fqf
    5fq
    hDdf
    5fqf
    5fq
    hDdf
    2007
    2008
    2009
    2010
    2011

    >f]t M

    962
    1514
    1795
    1337
    2112

    977
    1591
    1846
    1463
    2079

    1939
    3105
    3641
    2800
    4191

    713
    898
    1401
    1504
    1626

    698
    960
    1568
    1463
    1821

    1411
    1858
    2969
    2967
    3447

    GoN/MoE/DoE (2011). Consolidated Report, 2011, School Level Educational Statistics of Nepal, Annex VII

    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf wfld{s ljBfnox? db/;f, u'Djf / u'?s'n ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=^ df
    pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.6M wfld{s ljBfnox? ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    db/;f
    u'Daf
    u'?s'n
    hDdf
    49

    50

    ;|f]tM lhNnf lzIff sfof{no ;Kt/L, @)&!, Flash Report 2011/12, DEO, Saptari
    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf s'n d'l:nd ljBfyL{x? ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=& df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.7M s'n d'l:nd ljBfyL{x? ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    s]6f
    s]6L
    hDdf
    2214

    2768

    4982

    lhNNff lzIff sfof{no ;Kt/L, @)!$


    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf ljleGg txdf egf{ cg'kft ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=* df pNn]v ul/Psf]
    5.
    tflnsf g+=8.8M ljleGg txaf6 egf{ cg'kft ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    jif{
    k|f=lj= b]lv lgDg df=lj= lgDg df=lj= b]lv df=lj= b]lv pRr df=lj=
    df=lj=
    3.0
    1.8
    5.8
    @))&
    3.0
    1.8
    5.8
    @))*
    3.3
    2.0
    1.9
    @))(
    3.3
    2.0
    1.9
    @)!)
    2.7
    2.4
    1.8
    @)!!
    >f]t M

    GoN/MoE/DoE (2011). Consolidated Report, 2011, School Level Educational Statistics of Nepal, Annex IV

    101

    ;Kt/L lhNnfsf ;a} k|sf/sf ljBfnox?df k|fylds txdf egf{ x'g]sf] ;+Vof ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+= *=( df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.9M ;a} k|sf/sf ljBfnodf k|fylds txdf egf{ x'g]sf] ;+Vof
    jif{
    5fqfsf] ;+Vof
    5fqsf] ;+Vof
    hDdf

    >f]t M

    2003

    28688

    40243

    68931

    2004

    34405

    46130

    80535

    2005

    44173

    52181

    96354

    2006

    52422

    58551

    110973

    2007

    46456

    51592

    98048

    2008

    35371

    37723

    73094

    2009

    45664

    44652

    90316

    2010

    31668

    30774

    62442

    2011

    55241

    52953

    108194

    GoN/MoE/DoE (2011). Consolidated Report, 2011, School Level Educational Statistics of Nepal, Annex XI

    ;Kt/L lhNnfsf ;fd'bflos ljBfnodf lgDg df=lj= / df=lj= txdf egf{ x'g]sf] ;+Vof ;DjGwL
    ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=!) df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.10M ;fd'bflosf ljBfnodf lgDg dflj / dflj txdf egf{ x'g]sf] ;+Vof
    sIff ^*
    5fqfsf] 5fqsf]
    ;+Vof
    ;+Vof

    jif{

    hDdf

    sIff (!)
    5fqfsf] 5fqsf]
    hDdf
    ;+Vof
    ;+Vof

    2007
    2008

    10797
    4808

    17002
    7046

    27799
    11854

    4730
    2425

    7506
    3754

    12236
    6179

    2009
    2010
    2011

    10112
    7954
    15791

    12167
    8208
    15979

    22279
    16162
    31770

    4584
    2549
    6292

    5719
    3170
    7396

    10303
    5719
    13688

    >f]t M

    sIff !!!@
    5fqfsf] 5fqsf]
    hDdf
    ;+Vof
    ;+Vof
    0
    0
    1132
    1078
    2333

    933
    794
    2261

    2065
    1872
    4594

    GoN/MoE/DoE (2011). Consolidated Report, 2011, School Level Educational Statistics of Nepal, Annex
    XII_B

    ;Kt/L lhNnfsf ;fd'bflos ljBfnodf k|fylds txdf egf{ x'g]sf] ;+Vof ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf
    g+= *=!! df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tlnsf g+= 8.11M ;fd'bflosf ljBfnodf k|fylds txdf egf{ x'g]sf] ;+Vof
    jif{
    5fqfsf] ;+Vof
    5fqsf] ;+Vof
    hDdf
    2003
    2004
    2005
    2006

    28688
    34207
    44173
    51006

    40243
    45632
    52181
    56773

    102

    68931
    79839
    96354
    107779

    jif{

    2007
    2008
    2009
    2010
    2011

    >f]t M

    5fqfsf] ;+Vof

    5fqsf] ;+Vof

    46456
    35371
    45024
    31302
    54043

    51592
    37723
    41592
    30456
    50785

    hDdf

    98048
    73094
    86616
    61758
    104828

    GoN/MoE/DoE (2011). Consolidated Report, 2011, School Level Educational Statistics of Nepal, Annex
    XIII_A

    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf k|fylds txdf egf{ ePsf blntx?sf] egf{sf] cj:yf ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf
    g+= *=!@ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tlnsf g+=8.12M k|fylds txdf egf{ ePsf blntsf] egf{sf] cj:yf
    jif{
    5fqfsf] ;+Vof
    5fqsf] ;+Vof
    hDdf
    2004
    2005
    2006
    2007
    2008
    2009
    2010
    2011

    >f]t M

    7625
    12912
    13198
    5838
    11326
    11141
    10774
    18603

    11249
    21041
    14666
    6835
    12480
    11329
    10694
    18570

    18874
    33953
    27864
    12673
    23806
    22470
    21468
    37173

    GoN/MoE/DoE (2011). Consolidated Report, 2011, School Level Educational Statistics of Nepal, Annex XV

    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf k|fylds txdf egf{ ePsf hghfltx?sf] egf{sf] cj:yf ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf
    g+= *=!# df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tlnsf g+=8.13M k|fylds txdf egf{ ePsf hghfltsf] egf{sf] cj:yf
    jif{
    5fqfsf] ;+Vof
    5fqsf] ;+Vof
    hDdf
    2004
    2005
    2006
    2007
    2008
    2009
    2010
    2011

    >f]t M

    7647
    10891
    7658
    4392
    6853
    6706
    5377
    11556

    9308
    11710
    7825
    4477
    6947
    6362
    5148
    10542

    16955
    22601
    15483
    8869
    13800
    13068
    10525
    22098

    GoN/MoE/DoE (2011). Consolidated Report, 2011, School Level Educational Statistics of Nepal, Annex XVI

    103

    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf lg=df=lj= / df=lj= txdf egf{ ePsf ckftfx?sf] egf{sf] cj:yf ;DjGwL
    ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=!$ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.14M lg=df=lj=/ df=lj=txdf ckftf ePsf ;a} k|sf/sf ljBfyL{x?sf] egf{ ;+Vof
    jif{
    2005
    2006
    2007
    2008
    2009
    2010
    2011

    >f]t M

    sIff ^*
    5fqfsf] 5fqsf]
    hDdf
    ;+Vof
    ;+Vof
    2505
    1073
    536
    748
    1435
    1542
    3961

    3722
    2036
    1123
    1539
    1974
    1888
    4139

    6227
    3109
    1659
    2287
    3409
    3430
    8100

    sIff (!)
    5fqfsf] 5fqsf]
    hDdf
    ;+Vof
    ;+Vof
    695
    347
    191
    251
    418
    428
    1060

    1550
    641
    341
    487
    718
    535
    1301

    2245
    988
    532
    738
    1136
    963
    2361

    sIff !!!@
    5fqfsf] 5fqsf]
    hDdf
    ;+Vof
    ;+Vof

    38
    74
    246

    37
    94
    308

    0
    0
    0
    0
    75
    168
    554

    GoN/MoE/DoE (2011). Consolidated Report, 2011, School Level Educational Statistics of Nepal, Annex
    XVII_A & B

    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf k|fylds txdf egf{ ePsf ckftfx?sf] egf{sf] cj:yf ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf
    g+= *=!% df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.15M k|fylds txdf ckftf ePsf ;a} k|sf/sf ljBfyL{x?sf] egf{ ;+Vof
    ckftfsf] lsl;d
    zf/Ll/s ckftf
    dfgl;s ckftf
    sfg g;'Gg]
    cfFvf gb]Vg]

    sfg g;'Gg] / cfFvf gb]Vg]

    af]Ng g;Sg]
    hDdf

    ljBfyL{
    5fqf
    5fq
    hDdf
    5fqf
    5fq
    hDdf
    5fqf
    5fq
    hDdf
    5fqf
    5fq
    hDdf
    5fqf
    5fq
    hDdf
    5fqf
    5fq
    hDdf
    5fqf
    104

    egf{ ePsf] jif{


    2009

    2010

    2011

    88
    95
    183
    52
    59
    111
    15
    30
    45
    6

    80
    77
    157
    62
    70
    132
    19
    24
    43
    5

    146
    217
    363
    77
    83
    160
    32
    49
    81
    10

    6
    12

    7
    12

    20
    30

    39

    66

    11

    105

    16

    12

    49

    19

    31

    72

    35

    43

    121

    182

    179

    353

    ckftfsf] lsl;d

    egf{ ePsf] jif{

    ljBfyL{

    2009

    5fq
    hDdf
    >f]t M

    2010

    2011

    215

    215

    507

    397

    394

    860

    GoN/MoE/DoE (2011). Consolidated Report, 2011, School Level Educational Statistics of Nepal, Annex
    XIX

    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf dfWoflds txdf ckftf ePsf ;a} k|sf/sf ljBfyL{x?sf] egf{ ;+Vof ;DjGwL
    ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=!^ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.16M lgDg dfWolds txdf ckftf ePsf ;a} k|sf/sf ljBfyL{x?sf] egf{ ;+Vof
    ckftfsf] lsl;d
    zf/Ll/s ckftf

    dfgl;s ckftf

    sfg g;'Gg]

    cfFvf gb]Vg]

    sfg g;'Gg] / cfFvf gb]Vg]

    af]Ng g;Sg]

    hDdf
    >f]t M

    ljBfyL{

    2009

    26
    40
    66
    14
    17
    31
    10
    13
    23
    3
    3
    6
    0
    1
    1
    2
    3
    5
    55
    77
    132

    5fqf
    5fq
    hDdf
    5fqf
    5fq
    hDdf
    5fqf
    5fq
    hDdf
    5fqf
    5fq
    hDdf
    5fqf
    5fq
    hDdf
    5fqf
    5fq
    hDdf
    5fqf
    5fq
    hDdf

    egf{ ePsf] jif{


    2010

    2011

    23
    36
    59
    25
    33
    58
    3
    13
    16
    3
    6
    9
    3
    0
    3
    2
    7
    9
    59
    95
    154

    47
    69
    116
    27
    38
    65
    7
    11
    18
    5
    4
    9
    1
    4
    5
    7
    7
    14
    94
    133
    227

    GoN/MoE/DoE (2011). Consolidated Report, 2011, School Level Educational Statistics of Nepal, Annex XX

    105

    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf pd]/ cg';f/ ;fIf/tfsf] cj:yf ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=!& df pNn]v
    ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.17M pd]/ cg';f/ ;fIf/tfsf] cj:yf
    pd]/ ;d"x
    % jif{ / ;f]eGbf a9Lsf]
    hg;+Vof

    % jif{
    ^ jif{
    & jif{
    * jif{
    ( jif{
    !) jif{
    !! jif{
    !@ jif{
    !# jif{
    !$ jif{
    !% jif{
    !^!( jif{
    @)@$ jif{
    @%@( jif{
    #)#$ jif{
    #%#( jif{
    $)$$ jif{
    $%$( jif{
    %)%$ jif{
    %%%( jif{
    ^)^$ jif{
    ^%^( jif{
    &)&$ jif{
    &% jif{ eGbf dfly
    ;|f]tM

    hDdf

    k9\g /
    n]Vg ;Sg]

    k9\g dfq
    ;Sg]

    k9\g /
    n]Vg
    g;Sg]

    ;fIf/tf cj:yf
    pNn]v gePsf]
    681

    576027

    313924

    17230

    244192

    19568

    8960

    3156

    7377

    75

    16313

    10476

    1820

    3997

    20

    17183

    12748

    1432

    2980

    23

    20993

    16533

    1166

    3280

    14

    12076

    10370

    411

    1289

    23417

    19180

    742

    3473

    22

    11368

    9870

    353

    1142

    20341

    16999

    366

    2967

    13395

    11578

    174

    1635

    14905

    12508

    220

    2173

    15082

    11825

    242

    3004

    11

    46729

    34936

    756

    11000

    37

    48584

    29433

    1167

    17938

    46

    48703

    24852

    1270

    22515

    66

    42353

    18938

    1177

    22191

    47

    41928

    17634

    1147

    23092

    55

    34180

    12672

    221

    21232

    55

    30367

    10133

    258

    19938

    38

    24418

    7166

    250

    16973

    29

    22670

    6255

    266

    16109

    40

    20122

    4534

    217

    15341

    30

    13993

    3114

    178

    10681

    20

    9448

    1774

    127

    7531

    16

    7891

    1436

    114

    6334

    National Population and Housing Census 2011, Social Characteristics Tables, Volume 5, Part III,
    Table 16

    106

    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf k|fylds :t/df pQL0f{ b/ ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=!* df pNn]v ul/Psf]
    5.
    tflnsf g+=8.18Mk|fylds :t/df pQL0f{ b/
    qm= ;+=
    lhNnf:t/
    sIff
    @)^*
    @)^(
    -k|ltzt_
    -k|ltzt_
    1
    2

    sIff pQL)f{ b/ -13_


    sIff pQL)f{ b/ -45_
    cf}ift -sIff 15_

    88
    94=66
    89=99

    92=06
    96=68
    93=58

    ;|f]tM lhNnf lzIff sfof{no ;Kt/L, @)&!


    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf z}lIfs of]Uotf cg';f/sf] hg;+Vof ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=!( df pNn]v
    ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.19M z}lIfs of]Uotf cg';f/sf] hg;+Vof ljj/0f
    z}lIfs tx
    k|f/lDes lzIff
    k|fylds -!%_
    lgDg dfWolds -^*_
    dfWolds -(!)_
    P;Pn;L jf ;f] ;/x
    pRr df=lj= jf ;f] ;/x
    :gfts jf ;f] ;/x
    :gftsf]Q/ jf ;f] ;/x
    cGo
    cgf}krfl/s lzIff
    tx pNn]v gePsf]
    >f]t M

    dlxnf

    k'?if

    hDdf

    3736

    5147

    8883

    58624

    70753

    129377

    26012

    37673

    63685

    14697

    27152

    41849

    11519

    22404

    33923

    7031

    14252

    21283

    2281

    7419

    9700

    280

    1544

    1824

    206

    329

    535

    2584

    3161

    5745

    1200

    1676

    2876

    s'n hDdf

    319680

    National Population and Housing Census 2011, Social Characteristics Tables, Volume 5,
    Part III, Table 17

    107

    *=!=@ lzIff ;]jf tyf ;'ljwf, k"jf{wf/sf] dfu tyf cfk"lt{


    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf /x]sf lzIff ;|f]t s]Gb|x? / ltgLx? cGt/ut /x]sf uflj;x? ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+= *=@) df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.20M lzIff ;|f]t s]Gb|x? / ltgLx? cGtu{tsf uflj;x?
    qm=;+=

    ;|f]t s]Gb|sf]
    gfd

    ljBfno
    ;+Vof

    s'zxf

    $)

    ag/em'Nnf

    %*

    kftf]

    $&

    af]b]j;f{Og

    %(

    srGbfxf

    %$

    /fhlj/fh

    (&

    &

    ltnf7L

    ^$

    aegufdfs6\6L

    %@

    k|zjgL

    ^)

    ;DalGwt uflj;xsf] gfd


    s'zxf, bf}ntk'/, xlb{of, xl/k'/,
    dw'kl6, dnxgdf,
    lkk|fklZrd,l6s'lnof, k6]jf{
    ag/em'Nnf, Ogjf{km'njl8of,
    sNof0fk'/, vf]hk'/, d}Gxf;x;|jfx',
    k+;]/f, g]+u8f, wgu9L, l;:jfj]NxL
    kftf], cf}/xL, sljnf;f, e'txL,
    ag}lgof, a|xDk'/, a]NxLrk]gf,
    uDxl/ofk|jfxf, em'6sL, g3f]{, t/xL,
    v8uk'/, b]p/L
    af]b]j;f{Og, agf}nf, agf}nL, sfrg,
    dfg/fhf, df}jfxf, /fdgu/, /f}tx6,
    ;f/:j/, dNxlgof, a]NxL, km'NsfxL
    z+e'gfy, a;jnk'/, e+ufxf, cgf{xf,
    vf]S;/k|jfxf, df]xgk'/, kTy/uf8f,
    /fdk'/hd'jf, gs6L /fok'/, xlb{of,
    s6}of
    /fhlj/fh g=kf=, dn]sk'/,
    l;d|fxfl;+Uof}g, hd'gLdw]k'/f, af]l/of,
    km;}{7, O{6xl/lji0f'k'/, a;lj6L,
    lb3jf,dn]7,b]p/Le?jf
    ltnf7L, a/xLlj/k'/, ljifxl/of,
    l5Ggd:tf, sf]rfjvf/L, nf}lgof,
    sf]Onf8L, nfnkl6, /dk'/fdNxlgof,
    ;s/k'/f, kmls/f, sf]=dw]k'/f
    aegufdfs6L, ef/bx, uf]j/uf9f,
    xg'dfggu/, Ogjf{, !g+= of]lgulgof,
    @g+=of]lulgof, dxb]jf, sf]=a;f{Og,
    eujtk'/, dwjfk'/
    k|zjgL, 8f9f, uf]O7L, aygfxf,
    h08f}n, dogfs8]/L, ks/L, nf]xhf/f,
    aSw'jf, xl/x/k'/, l;tfk'/, t]/xf}tf,
    lqsf}n, l8dg

    108

    e"sDk, af9L, 8'jfg, cfunfuL,


    xfjfx'/Laf6, k|efljt x'g;Sg]
    cj:yf

    qm=;+=

    ;|f]t s]Gb|sf]
    gfd

    !)

    ljBfno
    ;+Vof

    s+rgk'/

    e"sDk, af9L, 8'jfg, cfunfuL,


    xfjfx'/Laf6, k|efljt x'g;Sg]
    cj:yf

    ;DalGwt uflj;xsf] gfd


    s+rgk'/, abufdf, w/dk'/, 3f]3gk'/,
    kmQ]k'/, sdnk'/, cf]b|fxf, lkk|fk"j{,
    a}/jf, hutk'/, kf]tf{xf, a/dlemof,
    ?kgu/, 7]lnof

    &@

    ;|f]tM lhNnf lzIff sfof{no ;Kt/L, @)&!


    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf ;|f]t s]Gb|ut ?kdf ;fd'bflos ;+:yfut ljBfnox?sf] ;+Vof ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+= *=@! df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.21M ;|f]ts]Gb|ut ?kdf ;fd'bflos / ;+:yfut ljBfnox?sf] ;+Vof
    k|f=lj=

    qm=
    ;=

    ;|f]ts]Gb|

    1
    2

    lg=df=lj=

    df=lj=

    ;fd'bfl
    os

    ;+:yf
    ut

    hD
    df

    s~rgk'/
    k|zjgL

    23

    33

    aegufdf
    s^\^L

    31

    4
    5
    6

    ltnf&L
    /fhlj/fh
    srGbxf

    50

    53

    37

    46

    16

    23

    23

    30

    12

    16

    kftf]

    30

    31

    43

    4
    4

    af]b]a;f{O
    g
    ag/em'nf

    32

    37

    10

    s'zxf

    14

    19

    316

    46

    362

    hDdf

    p=df=lj=

    ;fd'bfl
    os

    ;+:yf
    ut

    hD
    df

    ;fd'bfl
    os

    ;+:yf
    ut

    hD
    df

    32

    11

    19

    14

    36

    12

    13

    34

    10

    13

    0
    10
    1

    14
    102

    ;fd'bfl
    os

    hDdf

    ;+:yf
    ut

    hD
    df

    ;fd'bfl
    os

    ;+:yf
    ut

    hD
    df

    47

    25

    72

    54

    60

    45

    52

    18

    60

    64

    10

    62

    35

    97

    42

    12

    46

    57

    5
    4
    4
    7
    59

    11

    48

    10

    17

    32

    31

    133

    43

    23

    66

    32

    10

    42

    493

    110

    5
    8
    4
    0
    603

    ;|f]tM lhNnf lzIff sfof{no ;Kt/L, @)&!, Status Report 2011/012


    ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] lj=;= @)^&, @)^*, @)^( / @)&) ;fnsf] P;=Pn=;L= kl/Iffsf] lgoldt /
    PShfd6]8 kl/Iffdf ;fd]n k/LIffyL{ / pQL0f{ k|ltzt tflnsf g+= *=@@ df pNNf]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.22M P;=Pn=;L=k/LIff ;DaGwL ljj/0f
    2067
    lgoldt
    PShfd^]*
    hDdf
    2068
    lgoldt
    PShfd^]*
    hDdf

    k/LIffdf ;fd]n k/LIffyL{


    7098
    2264
    9362
    k/LIffdf ;fd]n k/LIffyL{
    7368
    3235
    10603
    109

    pQL)f{ k|ltzt
    32=84
    5=96
    pQL)f{ k|ltzt
    34=09
    11=00

    2067
    2069
    lgoldt
    PShfd^]*
    hDdf

    k/LIffdf ;fd]n k/LIffyL{


    k/LIffdf ;fd]n k/LIffyL{
    7596
    3143
    10739
    k/LIffdf ;fd]n k/LIffyL{
    7894
    4532
    12426

    @)&)
    lgoldt
    PShfd^]*
    hDdf

    pQL)f{ k|ltzt
    pQL)f{ k|ltzt
    19
    0=05
    pQL)f{ k|ltzt
    16=49
    1=3

    ;|f]tM lhNnf lzIff sfof{no ;Kt/L, @)&!


    gf]6M @)&) ;fnsf] P; Pn ;L sf] glthfdf ;fd'bflos ljBfnoaf6 & k|ltzt / ;+:yfut
    ljBfnoaf6 !% k|ltzt ljBfyL{ plt0f{ ePsf 5g\ .-;|f]tM lhlzsf ;Kt/L_
    *=!=# dfgj ;+zfwg ljsf;sf] ;du| l:ylt
    txut ?kdf k|f=lj=, lg=df=lj= / df=lj= df sfod /x]sf] lzIfs b/jGbL / /fxt sf]6f ;DjGwL
    ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=@# df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.23M txut b/aGbL ljj/0f
    k|fylds tx
    b/aGbL /fxt
    1307 445

    lgDg dfWolds tx
    hDdf b/aGbL
    /fxt hDdf
    1752 268
    185 453

    dfWolds tx
    b/aGbL
    /fxt
    234
    91

    hDdf
    325

    s"n
    hDdf
    2530

    ;|f]tM lhNnf lzIff sfof{no ;Kt/L, @)&!


    txut ?kdf ;fd'bflos / ;+:yfut ljBfnodf k|f=lj=, lg=df=lj= / df=lj= df sfo{/t lzIfs
    ;+Vof ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=@$ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.24M lzIfs ;+Vofsf] ljj/0f -;+:yfut ljBfno ;d]t_
    k|fylds txtkm{
    s'n lzIfs ;fd'bflos
    ljBfnodf

    s'n lzIfs

    s'n lzIfs ;+:yfut ljBfnodf

    dlxnf

    k'?if

    hDdf

    dlxnf

    k'?if

    hDdf

    dlxnf

    k'?if

    hDdf

    751

    1397

    2148

    614

    1106

    1720

    137

    291

    428

    lgdflj tkm{
    89

    420

    509

    58

    325

    383

    31

    95

    126

    11

    66

    77

    dflj tkm{
    30

    306

    336

    19

    240

    259

    ;|f]tM lhNnf lzIff sfof{no ;Kt/L, @)&!

    110

    txut ?kdf blnt / hghflt lzIfsx? ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=@% df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5
    .
    tflnsf g+=8.25M blnt hghftL lzIfsx?sf] k|ltzt
    k|flj
    blnt
    k|ltzt

    hghflt
    k|ltzt

    4.3

    27.4

    lgdflj
    blnt k|ltzt
    hghflt
    k|ltzt

    dflj
    blnt k|ltzt
    hghflt k|ltzt

    1.8

    1.8

    19.6

    15.8

    ;|f]tM lhNnf lzIff sfof{no ;Kt/L, @)&!


    txut ?kdf ;fd'bflos ljBfnodf tflnd k|fKt lzIfs ;+Vof ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=@^
    df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.26Mtflnd k|fKt lzIfs ;+Vof ;DaGwL ljj/0f -;fd'bflos ljBfno_
    k|flj tkm{ k|ltzt
    k"0f{
    cfFlzs
    tflnd k|fKt gu/]sf
    dlxnf

    k'?if

    hDdf

    dlxnf

    k'?if

    hDdf

    dlxnf

    k'?if

    hDdf

    94.3

    93.5

    93.7

    3.6

    5.7

    5.0

    2.1

    0.9

    1.3

    20.7

    11.7

    13.1

    0.0

    1.3

    1.2

    lgdflj tkm{ k|ltzt


    77.6

    76.0

    76.2

    1.7

    12.3

    10.7

    dflj tkm{ k|ltzt


    100.0

    91.3

    91.9

    0.0

    7.5

    6.9

    ;|f]tM lhNnf lzIff sfof{no ;Kt/L, @)&!, Flash II_2012-013


    ljleGg txdf sIffut?kdf 5fq tyf 5fqfx? ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=@& df pNn]v
    ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.27M 5fq 5fqfsf] cj:yf
    qm
    ;

    k|fylds tx

    cfwf/e"t
    dflj=
    p=dflj=
    -sIff !* -sIff (!) -sIff!!
    hDdf_
    hDdf_ !@ hDdf_

    ;"rsx?

    sIff
    !

    sIff
    @

    sIff
    #

    sIff
    $

    hDdf ljBfyL{

    23768

    20343

    17928

    14949

    13028

    11320 10344 10425

    122105

    17518

    %fq

    11282

    9595

    8493

    6816

    6117

    5330

    4922

    4985

    57540

    8820

    1966

    %fqf

    12486

    10748

    9435

    8133

    6911

    5990

    5422

    5440 64565

    8694

    2084

    sIffut
    k|ltzt

    19=46

    16=66

    14=68

    12=24

    10=66

    9=27

    8=47

    s"n
    ljBfyL{dWo]
    %fq k|ltzt

    47=46

    47=16

    47=37

    45=59

    46=9

    s"n
    ljBfyL{dWo]
    %fqf k|ltzt

    52=53

    52=83

    52=62

    54=40

    53=08

    sIff sIff sIff sIff


    %
    ^
    &
    *

    111

    4050

    8=53

    47=08 47=58 47=81

    47=12

    50=34

    48=54

    52=91

    52=87

    49=62

    51=45

    52=41

    52=18

    qm
    ;

    k|fylds tx

    cfwf/e"t
    dflj=
    p=dflj=
    -sIff !* -sIff (!) -sIff!!
    hDdf_
    hDdf_ !@ hDdf_

    ;"rsx?

    sIff
    !

    sIff
    @

    sIff
    #

    sIff
    $

    sIff sIff sIff sIff


    %
    ^
    &
    *

    s"n
    ljBfyL{dWo]
    blnt k|ltzt

    36=37

    35=62

    38=08

    34=14

    31=71

    27=42

    24=33

    22=36

    32=68

    19=43

    10=12

    s"n
    ljBfyL{dWo]
    hghflt
    k|ltzt

    17=05

    16=44

    17=75

    19=44

    21=46

    22=56

    23=84

    24=30

    19=44

    26=17

    33=35

    s"n
    ljBfyL{dWo]
    cGok|ltzt

    46=58

    47=94

    44=17

    46=42

    46=83

    50=02

    51=83

    53=34

    47=88

    26=17

    33=35

    ;|f]tM lhNnf lzIff sfof{no ;Kt/L, @)&!


    ;|f]t s]Gb|ut ?kdf blnt hfltsf ljBfyL{x? ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=@* df pNn]v
    ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.28M ;|f]t s]Gb|ut ?kdf blnt hfltsf ljBfyL{x? ;DaGwL ljj/0f -@)&)=_
    blnt ljBfyL{ ;\Vof
    qm=
    ;|f]t s]Gb|sf] gfd
    ;+=
    5fq
    5fqf
    hDdf
    !
    @
    #
    $
    %
    ^
    &
    *
    (
    !)

    s'zxf
    ag/em'Nnf
    kftf]
    af]b]j;f{Og
    srGbfxf
    /fhlj/fh
    ltnf7L
    aegufdfs6\6L
    k|zjgL
    s+rgk'/
    hDdf

    1251

    1337

    2588

    2037

    2167

    4205

    2202

    2180

    4382

    2148

    2162

    4310

    2047

    2078

    4125

    2444

    2518

    4962

    2243

    2372

    4615

    2103

    2075

    4178

    3073

    2875

    5948

    2250

    2162

    4412

    21798

    21927

    43725

    ;|f]tM lhNnf lzIff sfof{no ;Kt/L, @)&!


    pd]/ ;d'x cg';f/sf] hg;+Vof / ljBfno uO/x]sf] hg;+Vof ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=@(
    df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.29M pd]/ ;d'x cg';f/sf] hg;+Vof / ljBfno uO/x]sf] hg;+Vof ljj/0f
    s"n hg;+Vof
    ljBfno uO/x]sf] hg;+Vof
    ljj/0f
    pd]/ ;d"x
    dlxnf k'?if hDdf dlxnf
    k'?if hDdf
    k"j{ k|f=lj= -g;{/L, s]hL_
    cfwf/e"t tx -sIff 18_
    df=lj= -sIff 910_
    pRr df=lj= -102_

    35 jif{
    614jif{
    1517 jif{
    1820 jif{

    ;|f]tM lhNnf lzIff sfof{no ;Kt/L, @)&!,

    10052
    12782
    937
    1495

    Flash Report 2012/013


    112

    10388
    11684
    911
    1139

    20440
    24466
    1848
    2634

    lhNnfsf] z}lIfs pknlJwsf] :t/ / nIo ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=#) df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5
    .
    tflnsf g+=8.30M lhNnfsf] z}lIfs pknlAw ;"rs tyf nIo
    qm= ;+= ;"rs

    5fqf5fq /
    hDdf

    lhNnfsf] l:ylt

    cf=j= @)&)&!
    sf] nIo

    (GER)

    hDdf
    5fqf
    5fq

    $$=!
    $%=!
    $#=@

    %%=)
    %^=)
    %%=)

    @=!

    aflas]af6 sIff ! df gofF egf{

    @=@

    sIff ! df sf]/f k|j]zb/ (GIR)

    @=#

    sIff Psdf v'b k|j]z b/ (NIR)

    hDdf
    5fqf
    5fq
    hDdf
    5fqf
    5fq
    hDdf
    5fqf
    5fq

    ^^=&
    ^&=)
    ^^=%
    !%!=!
    !%*=#
    !$$=#
    ()=!
    **=^
    (!=^

    &)
    &!
    &)
    !$#
    !$*
    !##
    (@
    ()
    (#

    hDdf
    5fqf
    5fq
    hDdf
    5fqf
    5fq

    !#$=^
    !$!=%
    !@*=!
    *$=$
    *!=^
    *&=)

    !@$
    !#!
    !!*
    ()
    **
    (!

    hDdf
    5fqf
    5fq
    hDdf
    5fqf
    5fq

    *)=(
    *#=^
    &*=$
    ^)=#
    %(=!
    ^!=#

    *@
    *%
    *)
    ^%
    ^$
    ^^

    hDdf
    5fqf
    5fq
    hDdf
    5fqf
    5fq

    !!&=)
    !@@=^
    !!!=&
    &^=$
    &$=#
    &*=%

    !!@
    !!&
    !)^
    *!
    &(
    *#

    != afn lasf;
    !=!

    ;xh} blvg] egf{b/

    @= sIff !

    #=k|fylds tx
    #=!

    ;xh} blvg] egf{ b/ (GER)

    #=@

    v'b egf{ b/ (NER)

    $= lgdflj tx
    $=!

    ;xh} blvg] egf{ b/ (GER)

    $=@

    v'b egf{ b/ (NER)

    %= cfwf/e"t lzIff
    %=!

    ;xh} blvg] egf{ b/ (GER)

    %=@

    v'b egf{ b/ (NER)

    ^ dflj tx
    113

    qm= ;+= ;"rs


    ^=!

    ;xh} blvg] egf{ b/ (GER)

    ^=@

    v'b egf{ b/ (NER)

    5fqf5fq /
    hDdf
    hDdf
    5fqf
    5fq
    hDdf
    5fqf
    5fq

    lhNnfsf] l:ylt
    %)=%
    $*=@
    %@=%
    $#=!
    $)=)
    $%=(

    cf=j= @)&)&!
    sf] nIo
    ^)
    %*
    ^@
    %#
    %)
    %%

    hDdf
    5fqf
    5fq
    hDdf
    5fqf
    5fq

    !^=@
    !&=$
    !%=!
    ^=*
    &=&
    ^=)

    @!
    @@
    @)
    !!
    !@
    !!

    hDdf
    5fqf
    5fq
    hDdf
    5fqf
    5fq
    hDdf
    5fqf
    5fq

    &&=#
    &&=!
    &&=^
    *@=)
    *)=(
    *#=)
    *!=&
    &&=&
    *$=(

    *)
    *)
    *)
    *%
    *#
    *%
    *^
    *@
    *&

    & pRr dflj tx


    &=!

    ;xh} blvg] egf{ b/ (GER)

    &=@

    v'b egf{ b/ (NER)

    *= ptL0f{ b/
    *=!
    k|fylds tx -! b]lv %_
    *=@

    lgdflj tx -^ b]lv *_

    *=#

    dflj tx -( b]lv !)_

    ;|f]tM lhNnf lzIff sfof{no ;Kt/L, @)&!


    o; lhNnfdf lqmofl;n SofDk;x? ;DjGwL ljj/0f tn tflnsf g+= *=#! df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.31M SofDk;x?sf] ljj/0f
    qm=;=
    SofDk;sf] gfd
    k9fO x'g] pRrtd tx
    ;+sfox?
    != dx]Gb| laGb]Zj/L SofDk; /fhlj/fh
    -lqljsf] cfl\us SofDk;_
    @= jN8{ lehg, /fhlj/fh
    #= df]8]n SofDk;, /fhlj/fh
    $= Kof/f8fO{h SofDk;, /fhlj/fh
    %= ljBf a'l4nfn d'gf/ SoDk;, efujtk'/
    ^= rGb| zq'3g SofDk;, af]w]j;f{O{
    &= cGgk'0f{ ax'd';vL SofDk;, s~rgk'/
    *= ;'gufef ax'd'vL SofDk;, s~rgk'/
    (= SofnLa/ OG6/g]zgn sn]h,
    !)= ld;g sn]h
    114

    ;|f]tM lhlj;, ;Kt/L, @)&!


    o; lhNnfdf /x]sf] k|fljlws lzIffnox? tflngsf g+= *=#@ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.32M k|fljlws lzIffnox?
    l; g+=
    lzIffnosf] gfd
    k9fO{ x'g] pRrtd
    tflnd x'g] ljifox?
    tx
    != o'lgs d]l8sn sn]h, /fhlj/fh
    @= l5Ggd:t Oh's]zg Ps]8dL
    #= pbok'/ 6]lSgsn OlG:6Ro'6
    House wiring, swing and
    $= Pa. Bi. U Ma. Vi. Rajbiraj
    cutting

    %= hubDaf 6]SgLsn OlG:6Ro'6


    ;|f]tM lhlj;, ;Kt/L, @)&!
    *=!=$ j}slNks Pjd\ cgf}krfl/s lzIff
    ljut # jif{sf] cgf}krfl/s lzIff ;DjGwL t'ngfTds ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=## df pNn]v
    ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.33M cgf}krfl/s lzIff ;DaGwL t'ngfTds ljj/0f
    cf=j= @)^& ^*
    sf]6f
    k'?if Dlxnf hDdf
    ;+Vof
    ! k|f}9 lzIff ^%% #^&% !#!)) !^^&%
    @ ;fIf/f]Q/
    !)) @)) @))) @@))
    lzIff

    qm=
    ;+=

    lsl;d

    cf=j= @)^* ^(
    cf=j= @)^( &)
    sf]6f
    sf]6f
    k'?if dlxnf hDdf
    k'?if dlxnf hDdf
    ;+Vof
    ;+Vof
    %*) *^# !%^(@ !^%%% ^$) %*!( !!&%@ !&%&!
    !)) #)) @@%) @%%)

    !))

    @)) @@)) @$))

    ;|f]tM lhNnf lzIff sfof{no ;Kt/L, @)&!


    o'lg;]kmsf] ;xof]udf lszf]/L ;+rfng ul/Psf lszf]/L lzIff sfo{qmd nfu' ePsf uf=lj=;=x?
    ljBfno jflx/ /x]sf !) b]lv !* jif{;Ddsf lszf]/LnfO{ gf} dlxg] cgf}krfl/s lzIff dfkm{t
    ljBfnodf egf{ tyf k|hgg :jf:Yo, lzk ljsf;sf nflu ;xof]u ul/G5 . of] sfo{qmd ljz]if
    u/L blnt, d'l:nd hfthfltx?nfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf lbP/ ;+rfng ul/Psf] xf] . ljz]if u/L
    slxNo} ljBfno hfb} guPsf] jf ljBfno uP/ jLr}df sIff 5f]8]sf] lszf]/Lx?nfO{ o; sfo{qmddf
    ;d]l6Psf] 5 . ;Kt/L lhNnfdf @)!! ;fndf $% j6f sIff , @)!@ df !)) j6f sIff / @)!#
    df !)) j6f sIff u/L s"n @$% sIffx? ^$ j6f uf=lj=;=x?df u};; dfkm{t ;+rfng ul/Psf]
    lyof] eg] @)!# df lhNnf lzIff dfkm{t o; lhNnfsf] $& j6f uf=lj=;=x/df cfwf/e"t ;j]{If0f
    u/L #& j6f uf=lj=;=x?df !)) sIff ;+rfng ul/Psf] 5 h;df !) b]lv !* jif{;Ddsf @$$#
    hgf lszf]/L k|ToIf ?kdf ;xefuL eO{ sIffx? ;+rfng eO{/x]sf] 5 . xfn;Dd **$ hgf
    lszf]/Lx? ljBfnox?df sIff @ b]lv dflynf] sIff ^ ;Dd egf{ ePsf 5g . o; sfo{qmdaf6
    s'n ^)^* hgf lszf]/ lszf]/Lx? nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ .
    115

    ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] afnd}qL ljBfno ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=#$ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g++=8.34M jfnd}qL ljBfnxox?
    qm=;= ljBfnxox?
    hDdf
    jfnd}qL
    ljBfno
    o
    d]G;'/n
    ljBfnox? ljBfnox? zfGtL If]q RofDkLog
    xfO{lhg
    !
    k|f=lj=
    $*!
    $!
    *(
    ^
    )
    @
    lg=df=lj=
    !&^
    @*
    !&
    !)
    !^
    #
    df=lj=
    &@
    !&
    @^
    ^
    ^
    hDdf

    &@(

    !@#

    !%@

    @@

    @@

    ;|f]tM lhNnf lzIff sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!


    gf]6M of] RoflDkog eGgfn] To:tf ljBfyL{nfO{ a'emfpF5 hf] z}lIfs ;jfnx? / /fli6o 9fFrfsf
    af/]df k|lzlIft x'G5g\ / ltgLx?nfO{ ljBfyL{x?sf] pkl:ytL cg'udg ug{ / 5fqfx?nfO{ ljBfno
    5f8\gaf6 /f]Sg ;xof]u k'ofpg] p2]:on] 5gf}6 ul/Psf] x'G5 .
    ljBfno zflGt If]qsf] dd{ cg';f/ /fli6o 9fFrfnfO{ cg'df]bg u/L lgoldt ?kn] ljBfno
    ;~rfng ug{ k|lta4tfsf ;fy !%@ j6f ljBfnox?df cfrf/ ;+lxtf nfu' ePsf 5g\ .
    ljBfnox?df 5fqfx?sf] pkl:yltnfO{ sfod} /fVg ;3fp k'ofpg] p2]:on] dlxnf lzIfsx?nfO{
    dlxgfjf/L :jf:Yo ;DaGwL tflnd k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . o:tf] tflndn] lzIfsnfO{ :jf:Yo Kof8sf]
    k|of]u ;DaGwL hfgsf/L cfkm\gf ljBfyL{nfO{ atfpg ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 .
    *=!=% ljBfno v'n]sf] lbg
    ;Kt/L lhNNffdf ;a}eGbf j9L @#) lbg / ;a}eGbf sd !^) lbg ljBfno v'Ng] u/]sf] 5 .
    vf;u/L ;/b/df o; lhNNfdf @!# lbg ljBfno v'Ng] u/]sf] 5 . o; ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+=
    *=#% df lbO{Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.35M ljBfno v'n]sf] lbg
    ljBfno ;+Vof / ltgLx?sf] ljBfno v'n]sf] lbg
    ;/b/
    pNn]v ePsf]
    :s'n
    200
    220
    230
    230
    ljBfno ;+Vof ljBfno 160 180
    v'n]sf] lbg
    v'n]sf]
    lbg
    ljBfno
    433
    6
    2
    12
    279
    127
    7
    213
    ;+Vof
    ;|f]tM lhNnf lzIff sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!, Flash Report, 2069, DEO Saptari
    116

    *=!=% ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf k|ltlglwTj -k|ltztdf_


    ;Kt/L lhNnf lzIff sfof{nosf] @)^( ;fnsf] km\Nof; k|ltj]bg cg';f/ ljBfno Joj:yfkg
    ;ldltdf sl/j !& k|ltzt dlxnf, !^ k|ltzt blnt, @$ k|ltzt hghflt / ( k|ltzt cGo
    hfthfltsf] ;xeflutf x'b} cfPsf] 5 -tflnsf g+= *=#^_ .
    tflnsf g+=8.36M ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf k|ltlglwTj
    dlxnf
    blnt
    hghflt
    cGo
    17.38%

    16.08%

    24.41%

    8.78%

    ;|f]tM lhNnf lzIff sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!, Source: Flash Report, 2069, DEO Saptari
    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf cGt/ut ljBfnox?df zf}rfno / vfg]kfgLsf] ;'ljwfsf] cj:yf ;DjGwL
    ljj/0fx? tflnsf g+= *=#& df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.37M zf}rfno / vfg]kfgLsf] ;'ljwfsf] cj:yf
    zf}rfno
    vfg]kfgL
    s'n
    ljBfno ePsf] gePsf]
    hDdf
    k|ltzt ePsf]
    gePsf] hDdf k|ltzt
    431

    ;|f]tM

    42

    250

    292

    14.4%

    56

    215

    271

    20.7%

    Source: Flash Report, 2069, DEO Saptari

    k|fylds txdf sIff 5f8\g], bf]xf]/fpg] / sIff kbf]GgtL b/ ;DjGwL ljj/0fx? tflnsf g+= *=#*
    df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.38M k|fylds txdf sIff 5f8\g], bf]xf]/fpg] / sIff kbf]GgtL b/
    b/
    sIff 5f8\g]
    sIff bf]xf]/\ofpg]
    sIff kbf]GgtL
    cf}ift
    &=!
    !!=*
    *!=!
    cf}ifteGbf pRr b/
    $^
    @$
    $)
    /x]sf uflj;x?sf]
    ;+Vof
    cf}ifteGbf Go"g b/
    ^!
    *#
    ^^
    /x]sf uflj;x?
    ;|f]tM lhNnf lzIff sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!
    5fqfx?sf] sIff 5f8\g] pRr b/ ePsf uflj;x?sf] ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=#( df 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.39M 5fqfx?sf] sIff 5f8\g] b/ pRr ePsf uflj;x?
    qm=;= uflj;
    b/
    !
    Og?jf
    @@=%
    @
    dn]sk'/
    @@=(
    #
    j|Dxk'/
    @#=(
    $
    lj/k'/ j/xL
    @$=&
    %
    aygfx
    #@=^
    ;|f]tM lhNnf lzIff sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!
    117

    5fqfx?sf] sIff bf]xf]/fpg] pRr b/ ePsf uflj;x?sf] ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=$) df 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.40M 5fqfx?sf] sIff bf]xf]/\ofpg] b/ pRr ePsf uflj;x?
    qm=;= uflj;
    b/
    !
    xg'dfggu/
    #@=)
    @
    sljnf;f
    #@=!
    #
    kftf]
    ##=&
    $
    k|;jgL
    #$=@
    %
    nf]xhf/f
    #^=)
    ;|f]tM lhNnf lzIff sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!
    5fqfx?sf] plQ0f{ b/ pRr ePsf uflj;x?sf] ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=$! df 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.41M 5fqfx?sf] plt0f{ b/ pRr ePsf uflj;x?
    qm=;= uflj;
    b/
    !
    sf]rfjvf/L
    %(=$
    @
    ag/em'nf
    %(=*
    #
    la/k'/ j/xL
    ^!=#
    $
    xg'dfggu/
    ^@=$
    %
    dn]sk'/
    ^@=%
    ;|f]tM lhNnf lzIff sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!
    ljleGg jif{df P;Pn;Ldf 5fqf 5fqx?sf] pQL0f{ cg'kft ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=$@ df
    5.
    tflnsf g+=8.42M P;Pn;Ldf 5fqf 5fqsf] plQ0f{ cg'kft
    aif{
    @)^$
    @)^%
    @)^^
    @)^&
    @)^*
    ;xefuL
    @%&!
    @()@
    ##(!
    #)^%
    #)^&
    5fqf
    plQ0f{
    @)^
    @%&#
    ($)
    *!)
    *^@
    ;xefuL
    #%%#
    $!^#
    $&#&
    #*($
    #(@$
    5fq
    plQ0f{
    #)@!
    #*@^
    !&**
    !%##
    !^%)
    ;|f]tM lhNnf lzIff sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!
    *=!=^ ljBfno k'Ug] nfUg] ;do
    ;Kt/L lhNNffdf cjl:yt ljBfnox?sf] ;b/d'sfdaf6 k'Ug nfUg] ;do ;DjGwsf lhNnfdf
    tYof+s pknJw x'g ;s]g .
    *=!=& ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf afn k|ltlglwTj
    ;Kt/L lhNNffdf ljBfnoJoj:yfkg ;ldltdf afnaflnsfsf] k|ltlglwTj u/fpg] u/]sf] 5}g .

    118

    *=@ :jf:Yo
    *=@=! :jf:Yo ;]jf ;'ljwf / :jf:Yo l:ylt
    g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jf:Yo gLlt @)%) ePsf]n] u'0f:t/Lo cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jfdf vf; u/L
    lk5l8Psf] ju{ / ;d'bfosf] kx'Fr a9fO{ g]kfnL hgtfsf] :jf:Yodf Jofks ;'wf/ u/L :jf:Yo
    hgzlQm tof/ u/L b]zsf] ;du| cfly{s ljsf;df of]ubfg ug]{ egL pNn]v ePsf] 5 . g]kfn
    ;/sf/n] lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo ;]jf dfkm{t cfd hgtfdf lgMz'Ns cf}ifwf]krf/ ;]jf k'ofpb} cfPsf] 5
    . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfnoaf6 k|bt sfo{qmdx? o; lhNnf hg:jf:Yo
    sfof{no dfkm{t k|jw{gfTds (Promotive) k|ltsf/fTds (Preventive)pkrf/fTds (Curative)/
    k'gJo{j:yfklso (Rehabilitative);]jfx? lgMz'Ns ?kdf ;+rfng x'Fb} cfO/x]sf] 5 .
    ;a} hg:jf:Yo ;]jfx? ;/sf/sf] k|fyldstf Psdf /x]sf ;]jfx? x'g h:t} M afn :jf:Yo
    cGtu{t /fli6o vf]k sfo{qmd -)! aif{sf] aRrf_ kf]lnof] dfOnLl6; /f]u pGd"ngsf nflu ljz]if
    vf]k cleofg -)% aif{sf] aRrf_, kf]if0f sfo{qmd cGtu{t % aif{;Ddsf] aRrfsf] a[l4 cg'udg
    (Growth monitoring)kl/jf/ lgof]hg sfo{qmd cGtu{t kl/jf/ lgof]hg c:yfO{ ;fwgx?df
    lgMz'Ns ljt/0f tyf :yfoL aGWofs/0f (FP sterilization);'/lIft dft[Tj sfo{qmd cGtu{t
    ;+rflnt cfdf ;'/Iff sfo{qmd h;df k|To]s ;'Ts]/L h;n] k|;'lt ;]jf s]Gb| (Birthing Centers)df
    cfO{ ;'/lIft k|;"lt ;]jf k|fKt u/]df oftfoft vr{ afkt k|lt ;]jf u|fxLnfO{ ?= %)) rf/
    k6s ue{ hfFr u/fPdf ?= $)) / k|;"lt ;]jf s]Gb|n] k|lt gd{n 8]lne/L u/fP afkt :yfgLo
    :jf:Yo ;+:yf tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] vftfdf hfg] u/L ?= !))) k|lt ;]jfu|fxL pknAw
    u/fpb} cfPsf] 5 . jlx/+u ;]jf ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=$# df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=+ 8.43Malx/+u ;]jf ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    ;"rsx? Indicators
    s'n hg;+Vofsf] t'ngfdf hDdf gofF alx/+uL ;]jf lng]sf] k|ltzt
    s'n jlx/+uL ;]jf lng]sf] t'ngfdf hDdf gofF jlx/+uL ;]jf lng]
    dlxnfsf] ;+Vof
    s'n gofF jlx/+uL ;]jf lng]x? dWo] ;?jf /f]usf] k|ltzt

    2067/68

    2068/69

    2069/70

    77

    73

    84

    42

    54

    55

    19.2

    23

    22

    2067/68
    7.1

    2068/69
    4.2

    2069/70
    6.4

    2.7

    2.3

    1.05

    0.6

    0.5

    0.6

    ;|f]tM lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!

    lhNnfdf pknJw lgz'Ns ;]jf ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=$$ df 5 .


    tflnsf g+=8.44MlgMz'Ns :jf:Yo ;]jf
    Indicators
    1. Targeted new OPD visits as % of total population
    2. % of Emergency services provided to targeted groups
    among total emergency services
    3. % referred cases among total OPD visits
    ;|f]tM lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfo{fno sfof{no, ;Kt/L, 2071

    119

    ljut tLg aif{df :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?af6 k|lt dlxngf nfefl~jt x'g] hg;+Vof ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+= *=$% df 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.45M:jf:Yo ;+:yfx?af6 k|ltdlxgf nfeflGjt x'g] hg;Vof
    :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] lsl;d
    @)^&^*
    @)^*^(
    @)^(&)
    != c:ktfn -;/sf/L _
    %%(#
    ^^!)
    ^!%)
    1. PHCC
    !)$#
    !@^)
    !#*)
    ! :jf:Yo rf}sL
    !))%
    !)@)
    (^)
    #%)
    $%)
    $*)
    2. pk:jf:Yo rf}sL
    3. EPI Clinic
    @#
    @#
    @!
    4. PHC/ORC Clinic
    @!
    @@
    @#
    5. CHV
    !@
    ##
    ##
    ;|f]tM lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!
    *=@=@ :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?sf] cj:yf
    ;Kt/L lhNnfsf :jf:Yosf If]qsf lqmofl;n ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=$^ df pNn]v
    ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.46M lhNnfdf cjl:ylt :jf:Yo ;]jf ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    ljj/0f
    c+rn c:ktfn
    lhNnf hg :jf:Yo sfof{no
    k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb|
    :jf:Yo rf}ls
    pk :jf:Yo rf}ls
    ufFp 3/ lSnlgs -dfl;s_
    vf]k lSnlgs -dfl;s_
    dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+;]ljsf
    dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+;]ljsf -/f=lj=g=kf=_
    86\; pkrf/ s]Gb|
    86\; ;a ;]G6/
    lhNnf cfo'{j]b sfof{no
    cfo'{j]lbs cf}ifwfno
    cf+vf c:ktfn lghL
    lstL{ x]Ny s]o/ P08 h'g cjf/g]; ;]G6/
    g]kfn k|fljlws ;xof]u ;d'x
    g]kfn kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;+3
    dft[ tyf lz;' :ofxf/ s]Gb| /f=lj=g=kf
    ;+:yfut lSnlgs, c:ktfn
    g]kfn /]8qm; -/St ;+rf/ ;d'x _
    lghL c:ktfn, gl;{8= xf]d

    ;+Vof
    !
    !
    $
    #)
    *@
    $)&
    $%(
    !)@^
    $*
    !#
    !)#
    !
    @
    !
    !
    !
    !
    !
    !
    !
    %
    120

    ljj/0f
    kf]if0f k'g:yf{kgf s]Gb|

    ;+Vof
    !
    @!
    #)
    )
    !

    k|;'tL s]Gb|sf] ;+Vof (Birthing Centre_


    k|;'tL lzk ;DjGwL tflnd k|fKt :jf:Yo sdL{
    lszf]/, lszf]/L / k|hgg :jf:Yo ;]jf s]Gb
    ARV ;]jf

    ;|f]tM lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!


    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf pknJw PDa'n]G; ;]jf ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=$& df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.47M PDa'n]G; ;'ljwf ;DaGwL ljj/0f
    qm=;=
    1

    PDa'n]G; /x]sf] :yfg

    ;+Vof

    ;+rfng ug]{ ;+:yfsf] gfd

    /fhla/fh

    Un]fan ;xsf/L

    /fhla/fh

    :jf{]bo cf}ifwL ;xsf/L

    /fhla/fh

    h] lk nf]lxof d]dfl/on ^\i^

    /fhla/fh

    g]=/]* s|; ;f];fO{^L

    /fhla/fh

    antsjf ax"d"lv ;xsf/L

    /fhla/fh

    ;an g]kfn

    /fhla/fh

    o"lgs :jf:Yo ;dfh

    ;]jf k'ofpg] If]q

    uflj;

    gu/ If]q tyf


    jl/k/sf] uf=la=;=

    ?kgL

    ;fd"bfoLs :jf=x]/rfx
    ;xof]u s]Gb| ?kgL

    ;f/Zj/ - 4

    ;nlkmof h]nkm]o/

    s+rgk"/

    kf|=:jf=s]Gb|

    O{nfsf cGtu{t

    sNofgk'/

    kf|=:jf=s]Gb|

    O{nfsf cGtu{t

    s*/af]gf

    kf|=:jf=s]Gb|

    hDdf

    12

    O{nfsf cGtu{t

    ;|f]tM lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!


    *=@=# dfgj ;+zfwgsf] cj:yf
    lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no cGt/utsf sd{rf/Lx? ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=$* df pNn]v
    ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.48M lhNnf hg:jf:Yo cGt/ut sd{rf/L ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    qm=;+=
    1
    2
    3

    kbgfd
    al/i7 hg :jf:Yo
    k|zf;s
    gfoa ;'Aaf
    n]vfkfnn]vf clws[t

    b/aGbL
    kbk"lt{ ;+Vof l/Qm kb
    ;+Vof

    k"lt{ dWo]
    sfo{/t

    kmflhn

    1
    1

    1
    1

    0
    0

    1
    1

    0
    0

    121

    s}lkmot

    qm=;+=

    kbgfd

    tYof+s ;xfos -clws[t_


    tflnd
    ;xfos:jf=lz=6]=
    k=x]=g=l;=c=g=dL= 5}7f]_
    k=lg= ;xfos -5}7f]_

    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14=
    15
    16=
    17=
    18
    19=
    20=

    x]=c=l;=c=x]=a= -5}7f]_
    vf]k ;'k/efO{h/ clws[t
    Nofa 6]lSgl;og
    Ifos'i7 ;xfos clws[t
    6fOlki6
    e]=s=;'=
    ;x n]vfkfn
    sf]=r]=c=
    Nof=c=
    d]=O{=
    vl/bf/
    xNsf ;jf/L rfns
    sf=;=rf}sLbf/
    hDdf

    b/aGbL
    kbk"lt{ ;+Vof l/Qm kb
    ;+Vof

    k"lt{ dWo]
    sfo{/t

    kmflhn

    1
    1
    1
    2
    1
    1
    2
    3
    2
    1
    1
    4
    29

    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    2
    2
    1
    1
    1
    4
    25

    0
    0
    0
    1
    0
    0
    0
    1
    1
    0
    0
    0
    4

    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    2
    2
    1
    1
    1
    4
    29

    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0

    s}lkmot

    ;ftf}+ $
    hgf
    kmflhn

    ;|f]tM lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!


    lgDgfg';f/sf rf/j6f k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb|df sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx? ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+=
    *=$( df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.49M rf/j6f k|fylds :jfYo s]Gb|df sd{rf/Lsf] cj:yf
    qm=;+=
    1

    kbgfd
    d]=c=

    b/aGbL
    ;+Vof

    kbk"lt{
    ;+Vof

    l/Qm kb

    k"lt{ dWo]
    sfo{/t

    x]=c=l;=c=x]=a=

    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8

    :6fkm g;{
    ;x n]vfkfn
    l;=c=x]=a=c=x]=a=
    c=g=dL=
    Nof=c=
    c=x]=a= -kbgfd_

    4
    0
    9
    12
    4
    3

    2
    0
    9
    12
    4
    3

    2
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0

    2
    0
    9
    12
    4
    3

    122

    kmflhn

    s}lkmot
    ;ftf} @
    hgf
    kmflhn

    lkogrf}sLbf/
    hDdf

    8
    48

    7
    42

    1
    6

    7
    44

    ;|f]tM lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, ;Kt/L, 2071

    lgDgfg';f/sf tL;j6f :jf:Yo rf}sLdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx? ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=%) df
    pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.50M tL;j6f :jf:Yo rf}sLdf sd{rf/Lsf] cj:yf
    qm=;+=

    kbgfd

    c]=x=l;=c=x]=a=

    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7

    c=g=dL=
    l;=c=x]=a= -kbgfd_ c=x]=a=
    vl/bf/
    c=x]=a= -kbgfd_
    c=g=dL= -kbgfd_
    sf=;=rf}sLbf/
    hDdf

    b/aGbL
    ;+Vof

    kbk"lt{
    ;+Vof

    l/Qm kb

    k"lt{ dWo]
    sfo{/t

    30

    11

    19

    12

    49
    60
    7
    30
    2
    9
    187

    34
    58
    7
    18
    2
    9
    139

    15
    2
    0
    12
    0
    0
    48

    34
    58
    7
    18
    2
    13
    144

    kmflhn

    s}lkmot
    ;ftf}+ !
    hgf
    kmflhn

    kmflhn

    ;|f]tM lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, ;Kt/L, 2071

    lgDgfg';f/sf jof;Lj6f pk :jf:Yo rf}sLdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx? ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+=
    *=%! df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.51M aof;Lj6f pk :jf:Yo rf}sLdf sd{rf/Lsf] cj:yf
    qm=;+=

    kbgfd

    b/aGbL
    ;+Vof

    kbk"lt{
    ;+Vof

    l/Qm kb

    k"lt{ dWo]
    sfo{/t

    1
    2
    3
    4

    l;=c]=x]=a= -kbgfd_ c=x]=a=


    c=x]=a= -kbgfd_
    c=g=dL= -kbgfd_
    lkogrf}sLbf/
    hDdf
    s'n hDdf

    82
    82
    82
    0
    246
    510

    82
    69
    77
    0
    228
    434

    0
    13
    5
    0
    18
    76

    83
    69
    77
    67
    296
    513

    ;|f]tM lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, ;Kt/L, 2071

    123

    kmflhn

    s}lkmot

    kmflhn

    67

    kmflhn

    *=@=$ vf]ksf] cj:yf


    ljut tLg jif{sf] /fli6o vf]k sfo{qmd;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=%@ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.52M /fli6o vf]k sfo{qmd
    2067/68
    2068/69
    2069/70
    ;"rsx?
    1. BCG Coverage
    2. DPT-Hep b-Hib 3 coverage
    3. Measles coverage
    4. % of TT2 & TT2+ (Pregnant women) coverage
    5. Dropout rate DPT-1 Vs DPT-3
    6. Dropout rate BCG Vs Measles
    7. % of unimmunized children (Measles)
    8. No of VDC with <90% DPT 3 Coverage
    9. No of AFP cases
    10. No of Measles cases
    11. No of Neonatal tetanus cases

    107
    100
    93
    96
    1.3
    13
    7
    24
    7
    12
    0

    102
    97
    91
    88
    1.2
    11
    9
    42
    5
    7
    0

    101
    99
    97
    94
    2.2
    4.5
    3
    15
    6
    10
    0

    ;|f]tM lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, ;Kt/L, 2071

    ljut tLg jif{sf] l;aL cfO{Pd;LcfO{ sfo{qmd ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=%# df pNn]v
    ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.53M l;aL cfO{Pd;LcfO{ sfo{qmd
    2067/68
    2068/69
    2069/70
    ;"rsx?
    1. ARI Incidence <5 years/1000
    2. % of pneumonia among new ARI cases
    3. % of severe pneumonia or very severe disease
    among total cases
    4. Proportion of ARI cases treated by FCHV
    5. Proportion of ARI cases treated by VHW/MCHW
    6. Proportion of ARI cases treated by HF
    7. Case fatality rate (pneumonia)
    8. CDD incidence<5 years/1000
    9. % of severe dehydration among total cases
    10. Proportion of CDD cases treated by FCHV
    11. Proportion of CDD cases treated by VHW/MCHW
    12. Proportion of CDD cases treated by HF
    13. Proportion of <2 months case treated in HFs
    14. Case fatality rate (diarrhea)
    1. N0. of newborn register by FCHV
    2. % of LBW identified by FCHVs among registered
    3. % of Birth asphyxia initiated stimulate by FCHV
    124

    575
    19.2
    1.1

    865
    18.7
    1.3

    974
    17.26
    1.9

    52
    13
    35
    0.03
    866
    0.6
    51
    17
    32

    58
    17
    25
    0
    609
    0.5
    50
    19
    31

    0.14
    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    0
    0

    52
    16
    32
    0.02
    651
    0.09
    52
    18
    30
    0.2
    0
    6629
    0.6
    1.8

    ;"rsx?
    4.
    5.
    6.
    7.
    8.
    9.

    2067/68

    2068/69

    2069/70

    0.9

    0.33

    8.3

    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    0

    5
    68
    26

    at home among total cases


    % of Birth asphyxia treated usingDelee suction by
    FCHV at home among total cases
    % of Birth asphyxia treated with Bag and mask
    by FCHV at home
    % of newborn applied chlorhexidine at home
    immediately after cord cutting (Home)
    % of PSBI cases of 0-28 days
    % of 0-28 days newborn received cotrim P
    # of 0-28 days newborn who received full dose of
    Gentamycin

    ;|f]tM lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!


    *=@=% sf]/f hGd tyf d[To'b/
    *=@=^ dft[ :jf:Yo
    ljut tLg jif{sf] ;'/lIft dft[Tj sfo{qmd ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=%$ df pNn]v ul/Psf]
    5.
    tflnsf g+=8.54M;'/lIft dft[Tj sfo{qmd
    2067/68
    2068/69 2069/70
    ;"rsx?
    1.
    2.
    3.
    4.

    No of functional BEOC sites


    No of functional CEOC sites
    No of Safe abortion sites
    Ratio of BEOC/CEOC sites to Population
    (Population/No. of sites) (BEOC), (CEOC)
    5. No of birthing centers and Ratio to EP (No. EP/No. BC)
    (BC), (Ratio)
    6. ANC 1st visit as % of expected pregnancy
    7. 4 ANC visits as % of 1st ANC visit
    8. Delivery conducted by SBA as % of expected live births
    9. Delivery conducted by health worker as % of Exp. live
    birth
    10. % of institutional delivery among expected live births
    11. PNC 1st visit as % of expected live birth
    12. No of CAC & Medical Abortion (MA)
    13. No of PAC
    14. % of women receiving maternity incentives among total
    institutional deliveries
    15. % of women receiving 4 ANC incentives among total
    institutional deliveries
    125

    3
    1
    0
    171199

    3
    1
    0
    174500

    3
    1
    13
    164743

    912

    887

    797

    102
    69
    48
    11

    97
    69
    49
    10

    100
    68
    52
    5

    45
    55
    703
    141
    100

    47
    61
    385
    256
    100

    51
    58
    158
    244
    100

    100

    100

    100

    ;"rsx?

    2067/68

    2068/69

    2069/70

    16. Met need of emergency obstetric care (need of EOC is


    15% of expected live birth)
    17. Caesarian Section (CS) rate ( 5% of total expected birth
    is the usual CS rate)
    18. Number of Maternal Death, Ratio to Total delivery

    34

    22

    36

    64

    53

    47

    19. Number of Neonatal Death, Ratio to Total delivery


    20. Still Birth

    23
    120

    7
    (0.0007)
    20(0.002)
    141

    4
    148

    ;|f]tM lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!


    *=@=& dlxnf :jf:Yo
    ljut tLg jif{sf] ;fd'bflos dlxnf :jf:Yo :jod ;]ljsf sfo{qmd ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+=
    *=%% df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.55M;fd'bflos dlxnf :jf:Yo :jod ;]ljsf sfo{qmd
    2067/68
    2068/69 2069/70
    ;"rsx?
    1. Proportion of Pills cycles distribution by FCHVs among
    total distribution
    2. Proportion of Condoms distribution by FCHVs among
    total distribution
    3. Proportion of ORS distribution by FCHVs among total
    distribution
    4. Number of maternal death reported by FCHV
    5. Number of newborn death reported by FCHV
    6. % of Mother's Group Meeting Conduction
    7. Total Loan Mobilized from FCHV Fund

    16

    34

    33

    40

    46

    42

    38

    45

    35

    0
    0
    89
    4,65,0000

    0
    0
    89
    55,30,000

    0
    0
    87
    2043898

    ;|f]tM lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!


    ljut tLg jif{sf] ufFp 3/ 3'lDt :jf:Yo l;lj/ sfo{qmd ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=%^ df
    pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.56M ufFp 3/ 3'lDt :jf:Yo l;lj/ sfo{qmd
    2067/68 2068/69 2069/70
    ;"rsx?
    Number and % of PHC/ORC conducted wrt targeted
    Average number of peoples served per PHC/ORC
    Number of People Treated by First Aid
    % ANC service to total ANC (No. of people receiving ANC
    through ORC / No. of people receiving ANC 1st in the
    district)*100
    % of growth monitoring through ORC to total growth
    monitoring
    126

    96
    21
    14576

    91
    22
    18397

    93
    21
    20716

    15

    19

    21

    35

    37

    40

    ;|f]tM lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!


    *=@=* kf]if0f
    ljut tLg jif{sf] kf]if0f sfo{qmd ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=%& df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.57M kf]if0f sfo{qmd ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    2067/68 2068/69 2069/70
    ;"rsx?
    1. New growth monitoring 1 yr
    2. New growth monitoring 5 yr
    3. Proportion of malnourished children as % of new growth
    monitoring (<5years)
    4. % of expected pregnant mothers supplemented with Iron
    tablets
    5. % of pregnants supplemented by Antihelmentic tablet
    6. % of pregnant mothers who received 180 iron tablets
    7. % of Postpartum mothers receiving Vitamin A
    8. Vitamin "A" Distribution Coverage (number and %) 1st
    (Kartik) round (6 month to <5 years children)
    9. Vitamin "A" distribution coverage (number and %) 2nd
    (Baishakha) round (6 month to <5 years children)
    10. Antihelmentic tablet distribution coverage (number and
    %) 1st (Kartik) round (1- <5 years children)
    11. Antihelmentic tablet distribution coverage (number and
    %) 2nd (Baishakha) round (6 month to <5 years children)

    96
    6
    2

    97
    36
    2.4

    99
    46
    4.55

    97

    96

    99.8

    99
    58
    64

    94
    61
    56

    98.8
    88
    62

    100

    100

    100

    100

    100

    100

    100

    100

    100

    99
    (1 to 2yr)

    100

    100

    ;|f]tM lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!


    *=@=( k|d'v /f]ux? / ltgsf] /f]syfd
    ljut tLg jif{sf] Ifo/f]u lgoGq0f sfo{qmd ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=%* df pNn]v ul/Psf]
    5.
    tflnsf g+=8.58M Ifo/f]u lgoGq0f sfo{qmd
    2067/68 2068/69 2069/70
    ;"rsx?
    41
    97
    7

    1. Case Finding Rate


    2. Treatment Success Rate
    3. No of MDR Cases

    ;|f]tM lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!

    127

    43
    90
    0

    37
    99
    5

    ljut tLg jif{sf] s''i7/f]u lgoGq0f sfo{qmd;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=%( df pNn]v ul/Psf]
    5.
    tflnsf g+=8.59M s''i7/f]u lgoGq0f sfo{qmd
    2067/68
    2068/69 2069/70
    ;"rsx?
    1.1
    0.7
    5.1

    1. New case Detection Rate


    2. Registered Prevalence Rate
    3. Disability Grade 2 %

    0.7
    1.1
    0

    1.41
    0.88
    6.45

    ;|f]tM lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfo{fno sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!


    ljut tLg jif{sf] cf}nf] lgoGq0f sfo{qmd ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=^) df pNn]v ul/Psf]
    5.
    tflnsf g+=8.60M cf}nf] lgoGq0f sfo{qmd
    2067/68
    2068/69 2069/70
    ;"rsx?
    1. No of confirmed malaria cases among total malaria
    cases
    2. Annual Blood Examination Rate (ABER)
    3. % of PF among total positive cases
    4. Clinical malaria incidence/1,000 risk population
    5. Reported death due to malaria
    6. Target versusachievement of blood slide collection

    0.41
    13
    0.53
    0
    40%

    0.12
    0
    2.31
    0
    54%

    0.2
    0
    2.2
    0
    33%

    ;|f]tM lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!


    ljut tLg jif{sf] sfnfhf/ lgoGq0f sfo{qmd;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=^! df pNn]v ul/Psf]
    5.
    tflnsf g+= 8.61M sfnfhf/ lgoGq0f sfo{qmd
    2067/68
    2068/69 2069/70
    ;"rsx?
    1. Incidence of kala-azar/100,00 population
    2. Reported number Kala-azar cases
    3. Reported number of death due to Kala-azar

    1. Incidence of JE/100,00 population


    2. Reported number of death due to JE

    0.002

    0.29

    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    0

    0.12
    8
    0
    0
    0

    ;|f]tM lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!


    ljut tLg jif{sf] dxfdf/L tyf ljkb Joj:yf sfo{qmd;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=^@ df
    pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.62M dxfdf/L tyf ljkb Joj:yf sfo{qmd
    2067/68 2068/69 2069/70
    ;"rsx?
    1. Number of outbreaks reported
    2. Number of outbreaks investigated and managed by
    128

    10
    10

    15
    15

    5
    5

    3.
    4.
    5.
    6.

    RRT within two weeks of onset


    Number of disasters reported
    Proportions of disasters responded by RRT
    Outbreak/disaster categories, number of affected and
    death
    Budget allocated for outbreak and disaster
    management

    7
    100
    0

    9
    100
    0

    6
    100
    0

    75000

    100000

    50000

    ;|f]tM lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!


    ljut tLg jif{sf] emfF8f kvfnf / efO/n OGkm\No"PGhf ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=^# df
    pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.63M emfF8f kvfnf / efO/n OGkm\No"PGhf ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    /f]usf]
    lsl;d

    emf8fkvfnf
    OGkm\No"PGhf

    2067/68

    36gfsf]
    ;+Vof
    5
    5

    /f]uaf6
    k|efljt
    lj/fdL
    ;+Vof

    2068/69

    d[To'

    0
    0

    0
    0

    36gfsf]
    ;+Vof
    8
    7

    /f]uaf6
    k|efljt
    lj/fdL
    ;+Vof

    2069/70

    d[To'

    0
    0

    0
    0

    36gfsf]
    ;+Vof
    5
    0

    /f]uaf6
    k|efljt
    lj/fdL
    ;+Vof

    d[To'

    0
    0

    0
    0

    ;|f]tM lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!


    ljut tLg jif{sf] xfQL kfO{n] pGd"ng cleofg ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=^$ df pNn]v
    ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.64M xfQL kfO{n] pGd"ng cleofg
    1. Target versus achievement of Mass Drug Administration (MDA)

    88

    ;|f]tM lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfo{fno sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!


    ljut tLg jif{sf] ;k{ 6f]sfO{ -;k{ bD;_ ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=^%df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.65M ;k{ 6f]sfO{ -;k{ bD;_
    ;k{n] 6f]s]sf] +;+Vof Total Number of snake bite
    ljiffn' ;k{n] 6f]s]/ pkrf/ lnPsf AolQmx?sf] +;+Vof

    number of persons treated for

    151
    10

    poisonous snakebite
    Anti snakevenom serum expenditure

    ;k{sf] 6f]sfO{af6 ePsf] d[To'sf] ;+VofNumber of deathsdue to snake bite

    ;|f]tM lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfo{fno sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!

    129

    ljut tLg jif{sf] k|dv


    ' !) /f]ux?sf] cj:yf ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=^^ df pNn]v
    ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.66M k|dv
    ' !) /f]ux?sf] cj:yf
    cf]lk8Ldf cfpg] s"n
    jif{
    k|d'v /f]u
    /f]uLsf] ;+Vof k|ltzt
    lj/fdL ;+Vof
    2067.068

    2068.069

    2069.70

    Intestinal Worms
    Headache
    Presumed noninfectious
    diarrhoea (Persistant)
    ARI/Lower respiratory tract
    infection
    Impetigo/boils/furunculosis
    Not mentioned above and
    other diseases
    Pyrexia of Unknown Origin
    (PUO)
    Scabies
    Ameobic Dysentry
    /Amoebiasis
    Acute/Chronic Suppurative
    Otitis Media (ASOM)
    Intestinal Worms
    Presumed non infectious
    Diarrhoea (Persistant)
    Impetigo/boils/furunculosis
    Pyrexia of Unknown Origin
    (PUO)
    ARI/Lower respiratory tract
    infection
    Gastritis
    Scabies
    Headache
    Upper respectory Tract
    Infection
    Ameobic Dysentry
    /Amoebiasis
    ARI
    Intestinal Worms
    Presumed non infectious
    diarrhoea
    Pyrexia of Unknown Origin
    (PUO)

    65105
    60930
    60314

    10.5
    9.9
    9.8

    32003

    5.2

    31388
    25849

    5.1
    4.2

    23387

    3.8

    23385
    23385

    3.8
    3.8

    23384

    3.8

    35726
    33604

    6.9
    6.5

    30825
    30317

    5.9
    5.8

    27031

    5.2

    21737
    21061
    19903
    18836

    4.2
    4.08
    3.8
    3.6

    18525

    3.5

    75406
    37617
    34352

    13.7
    6.83
    6.24

    34174

    6.2

    130

    615451

    515399

    550307

    jif{

    k|d'v /f]u

    /f]uLsf] ;+Vof k|ltzt

    Impetigo/boils/furunculosis
    Gastritis
    Headache
    Scabies
    Ameobic Dysentry
    /Amoebiasis
    ASOM

    31011
    24906
    22653
    22651
    18080

    5.3
    4.5
    4.12
    4.11
    3.46

    18333

    3.33

    cf]lk8Ldf cfpg] s"n


    lj/fdL ;+Vof

    ;|f]tM lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!


    *=@=!! PrcfOeLP8\; sf] l:ylt
    ljut tLg jif{df PrcfOeLP8\;sf] l:ylt ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=^& df pNn]v ul/Psf]
    5.
    tflnsf g+=8.67M PrcfOeLP8\; sf] l:ylt
    2067/68 2068/69
    2069/70
    ;"rsx?
    1. Number of people counseling
    2. Number of HIV+ve cases
    3. Number of persons receiving ART(anti-retro viral
    therapy)
    4. Number of ART sites
    5. Number of Counseling centres
    6. Number of Death

    6021
    63

    7585
    80

    6170
    117

    22

    35

    56

    1
    1
    5

    1
    1
    7

    1
    1
    11

    ;|f]tM lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!


    *=@=!@ kl/jf/ lgof]hgf sfo{qmd
    ljut tLg jif{df kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;DjGwL sfo{qmdx? ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= !&% df
    pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.68M kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;DjGwL sfo{qmdx?
    2067/68 2068/69 2069/7
    ;"rsx?
    1. No of IUCD service sites (functional) and ratio to MWRA
    2. No of implant service sites (functional) and ratio to MWRA
    3. No of functional satellite clinics for long acting spacing
    methods (if conducted)
    4. Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR) (FP current user as %
    of MWRA)
    5. % of FP new acceptor method mix
    131

    6
    3
    0

    6
    3
    3

    0
    13
    5
    3

    55

    56

    60

    10

    92
    2788
    7.8
    1.88
    3.86
    0.12
    0.1
    2.0
    0.03
    99.97

    6. FP current users target versus achievement


    7. No.ofSterlization(VSC) New Acceptors
    8. FP (spacing) new acceptor as % of MWRA
    Pills
    Deepo
    IUCD
    Implant
    Sterlization
    Ratio VSCNew Male
    ,,
    ,,Female

    9.

    93
    2808
    7.1
    1.79
    3.20
    0.09
    0.03
    2.03
    0.03
    99.97

    95
    2472
    9
    2.38
    4.23
    0.12
    0.26
    2.01
    0.12
    99.88

    ;|f]tM lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!


    ljut tLg jif{df kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf :yfgLo ;fwfg k|of]u ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= !&^ df
    pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.69Mkl/jf/ lgof]hgsf :yfgLo ;fwfg k|of]u ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    qm=;+= ;fwgsf] gfd
    @)^&^*
    @)^*^(
    @)^(&)
    cf};t
    ! ldgLNofk
    2782
    2805
    2468
    2685
    @ Nofk|f]:sf]kL
    0
    0
    0
    0
    # Eof;]S6f]dL
    6
    3
    4
    4
    $ cGo
    0
    0
    0
    0
    hDdf

    2788

    2808

    2472

    2689

    ;|f]tM lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!


    ljut tLg jif{df kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf c:yfoL ;fwg k|of]u ;DaGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= !&& df
    pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.70Mkl/jf/ lgof]hgsf c:yfoL ;fwg k|of]u ;DaGwL ljj/0f
    qm=;+=
    !
    @
    #
    $
    %

    ;fwgsf] gfd
    s08d
    vfg]rSsL
    l8kf]
    cfOo'8L
    g/Knf06

    @)^&^*
    #*)(
    $(($
    !!&(%
    *^^
    )

    @)^*^(
    #^()
    %$)$
    !@&$*
    &$%
    )

    @)^(&)
    $%#^
    ^#@)
    !@()!
    &!$
    ###

    cf};t

    hDdf

    ;|f]tM lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!


    ljleGg /f]usf lsl;dsf cfwf/df clt ljkGg ju{sf AolQm?nfO{ lhNnf4f/f ul/Psf] l;kmfl/;sf
    cfwfdf ;]jf k|fKt ug]{x?sf] ljj/0f tflnsf g+= !&* df b]vfO{Psf] 5 .

    132

    tflnsf g+=8.71MljleGg /f]u / ;]jf k|fKt ug]{x?sf] ljj/0f


    /f]ux?
    dlxnf
    k'?if
    10
    26
    d'6'
    4
    16
    ls8\gL
    16
    32
    SofG;/
    Alzheimer/parkinsonism

    0
    30

    3
    77

    hDdf
    ;|f]tM lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!

    hDdf
    36

    20
    48
    3
    107

    ljut tLg jif{df ;+:yfut txdf :yfgLo ax'ljifos ;"rgf k|0ffnL ;DaGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+=
    !&( df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=+ 8.72M ;+:yfut txdf :yfgLo ax'ljifos ;"rgf k|0ffnL
    2067/68
    2068/69
    2069/70
    :jf:Yo ;'ljwfsf lsl;dx?
    88
    91

    PHCC

    :jf:Yo s]Gb|
    88
    pk:jf:Yo s]Gb|
    ;|f]tM lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!

    100
    99

    100
    100

    94

    100

    cf=a= @)^(@)&) df c:ktfndf egf{ ePsf lj/fdLx?dWo]sf] ?U0ftf / d[To'sf sf/s d'Vo
    kFfrj6 /f]ux?sf] ljj/0f tn tflnsf g+= *=&# df b]vfO{sf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.73M ?U0ftf / d[To'sf sf/s kfFr /f]ux?
    ?U0ftf(Morbidity)

    qm=;+=
    1

    Pneumonia

    RTI

    Fever

    UTI

    Enteric Fever

    lj/fdL
    ;+Vof

    k|lt
    zt

    qm=;+=

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5

    ;|f]tM lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!

    133

    d[To'(Mortality)
    Pneumonia
    CHF
    Hypertension
    Pul TB
    COPD

    lj/fdL
    ;+Vof

    k|ltzt

    ljut tLg jif{df le6fldg P / h'sfsf] cf}iflw kfpg] afnaflnsfxsf] l:ylt;DaGwL ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+= *=&$ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+= 8.74M le6fldg P / h'sfsf] cf}iflw kfpg] afnaflnsfxsf] l:ylt
    cf=j=
    qm=;+=
    ljj/0f
    OsfO
    @)^*.)^(
    @)^(.&)
    1
    le6fldg P vfPsf
    ;+Vof
    98464
    93516
    afnaflnsfx?
    k|ltzt
    96
    98
    2
    h'sfsf] cf}iflw v'jfOPsf
    ;+Vof
    83416
    82216
    afnaflnsfx?
    k|ltzt
    100
    100
    ;|f]tM lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfo{fno sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!
    *=@=!#afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g ;DjGw ;"rsx?sf] cj:yf ljZn]if0f
    lhNnfdf afnaflnsf ;DjGwL ljleGg ;"rsx?sf] cj:yf ;DjGwL ljj/0fx? tflnsf g+= *=&% df
    pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.75M afnaflnsf ;DjGwL ;"rsx?
    ;"rsx? -cf=j= @)&)&!_
    OsfO{
    kl/df0fl:ylt
    NA
    1. ^ dlxgf;Ddsf] lzz'nfO{ cfdfn]] clgjfo{?kdf k"0f{ :tgkfg k|ltzt
    -cfdfsf] b"w dfq} v'jfpg]_ u/fpg]
    2. Ps jif{leqsf afnaflnsfnfO{ k"0f{ ?kdf vf]k -l8lk6L,
    k|ltzt
    97
    x]k6fOl6; la, lxa # dfqf_ k|fKt u/]sf]
    3. ^ dlxgfb]lv kfFr jif{d'lgsf ;a} afnaflnsfnfO{ jif{sf] @
    k|ltzt
    100
    k6s le6fldg P SofK;'n / @ b]lv % jif{ ;Ddsf
    afnaflnsfnfO{ h'sfsf] cf}ifwL v'jfPsf] .
    4. ue{jtL cfdfsf] bIf :jf:YosdL{af6 ;'Ts]/L u/fPsf] .
    k|ltzt
    52
    5. slDtdf k|;"lt k"j{ rf/k6s :jf:Yo hfFr u/fpg] ue{jtL
    k|ltzt
    68
    dlxnfx?
    6. k|;"lt kZrft cfdf / gjhft lzz'sf] slDtdf # k6s
    k|ltzt
    58
    :jf:Yo hfFr u/fpg] dlxnfx?.
    7. l66fg; lj?4sf] @ j6f vf]k nufpg] ue{jtL dlxnf.
    k|ltzt
    94
    8. ue{jtL tyf ;'Ts]/L cfdfx?n] cfO{/g rSsL -hDdf @@%
    k|ltzt
    99=8
    j6f_ vfg]
    9. Pr\ cfO{ eL ;+qmldt cfdfaf6 hlGdPsf ;a}
    ;+Vof
    2
    afnaflnsfx?nfO{ ARV Prophylaxislbg]] .
    10. P=cf/=eL= pkrf/ lng] ;+qmldtx?sf]
    ;+Vof
    56
    ;|f]tM lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfo{fno sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!

    134

    *=# v]ns'b tyf dgf]/~hg


    o; lhNnfsf] ;du| v]ns'bsf] ljsf; ug{ lhNnf v]ns'b ljsf; ;ldlt lqmoflzn /x]sf] 5 .
    o;n] vf; u/L lhNnf :t/Lo /fi6klt /lg lzN8 k|ltof]lutf / If]qLo k|ltof]lutfdf ;xefuL
    x'gsf] nflu 6'gf{d]06x?sf] cfof]hgf ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o;sf] ;fy} o;n] lhNnf / If]q :t/Lo
    v]ns'b ;+3x/ / :yfgLo Snjx?sf] ;xsfo{df ljleGg v]ns'b k|ltof]lutfx?sf] klg cfof]hgf
    ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ef}lts ;+/rgf tkm{ x]bf{ xfn o; lhNnfdf v]ns'bsf nflu @ ljufxf & s6\7fdf
    km}lnPsf] Pp6f v]nd}bfg /x]sf] 5 . t/ o;df ePsf] Kof/flkm6 eg] cToGt lh0f{ cj:yfdf k'lu
    pkof]ulxg aGg k'u]sf] 5 . lhNnf v]ns'b ljsf; ;ldltsf] :jfldTjdf % s6\7f ;q w'/
    If]qkmndf /x]sf] Pp6f se8{xn klg /x]sf] 5 . v]ns'b ljsf; ;ldlt cGtu{t /xg] u/L Pp6f
    o'jf ;"rgf s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ePsf] 5 . o;n] o'jf k|jw{gsf] nflu ;/sf/ / :yfgLo u};;sf]
    ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . v]ns'bsf cltl/Qm dgf]/~hgsf nfluoxfF
    ! j6f kfs{ / # j6f l;g]df xn /x]sf 5g\ . oxfF j8f g+= $ df @ j6f l;g]df xnx? /x]sf 5g\
    eg] j8f g+= % df ! l;g]df xn /x]sf] 5 .
    o; lhNNffdf /x]sf] v]ns'b ;DaGwL d"Vo ;jfnx?df v]ns'bdf /fhgLlts/0f, lh0f{ cj:yfsf]
    /+uzfnf, cfw'lgs se8{xnsf] cefj, jiff{tsf] ;dodf v]ns'b d}bfg hndUg x''g', v]ns'b
    k|ltof]lutf ;DaGwL jflif{s Sofn]08/sf] cefj / sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf] nflu ah]6sf] cefj cflb
    /x]sf 5g\ .
    *=$ ;dfh sNof0f tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff
    *=$=! afn u[x, a[4a[4f, cf>d / l:ylt
    /fhlj/fhdf Pp6f afnu[x :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 . ljut jif{df lhlj;nn] a[4a[4fx?sf] nflu
    cf>d lgdf{0f ug{ ?= $ nfv *% xhf/ ah]6 vr{ e} ;s]sf] / rfn' jif{df lhlj;n] ?= $ nfv
    ljlgof]hg u/]sf] 5 .
    *=$=@ ;8s jfnjflnsfsf] l:ylt
    ;8s afnaflnsf ;DjGwdf cflwsfl/s ;"rgf pknJw x'g ;s]g . ;8s afnaflnsf ;DjGwdf
    lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] tYof+s ;+sng u/L ;8s afnaflnsf ;DjGwL k|f]kmfO{n agfpg' kg]{
    b]lvG5 .
    *=$=# 4Gb lkl8tx?sf] l:ylt
    -s_ d[ts
    lhNNff k|zf;g sfof{no ;Kt/Lsf] clen]v cg';f/ 4Gbsf sf/0f ;Kt/L lhNnfdf !!! hgfn]
    Hofg u'dfPsf lyP . Hofg u'dfPdf !!! dWo]&$ hgfsf] cfkmGt kl/jf/n] k|lt d[ts tLg
    nfvsf] b/n] /fxt kfPsf 5g\ eg] @* hgf d[ts ;]gf / k|x/Lsf kl/jf/x?n] k|lt d[ts Ps
    nfvsf] b/n] /fxt k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ eg] ( hgf d[tssf kl/jf/x?n]n] /fxt k|fKt ug{ afFsL
    /x]sf 5g\ .

    135

    -v_ a]kQf
    sfo{bnsf] k|ltj]bdf ;Kt/L lhNnfdf 4Gbsf ;dodf !@ hgf AolQm a]kQf ePsf l;kmfl/;
    ul/Psf]df ( hgfsf cfkmGthg kl/jf/x?n] k|lt a]kQf AolQm ?= # nfvsf b/n] /fxt kfPsf] /
    # hgf a]kQf ePsfx?sf] cfkmGtn] ;f] /fx k|fKt ug{ afFsL /x]sf] 5 .
    -u_ dw]z cfGbf]ngdf d[ts
    dw]z cfGbf]ngsf qmddf d[To' ePsf ( hgfsf cfkmGtx?n] Ps nfv krf; xhf/sf b/n] /fxt
    k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ .
    -3_ ckftf
    4Gbsf a]nf k"0f{?kdf ckf ePsf b'O{ hgfn] Psd'i7 @ nfvsf b/n] / k|lt dlxgf ?= ^ xhf/ @
    ;osf b/n] /fxt k|fKt ub}{ cfPsf 5g ;fy} To:tf k"0f{ ?kn] ckftf AolQmsf] x]/rfxsf] nflu
    klgk|lt AolQm k|lt dlxgf ?= ^ xhf/ @ ;osf b/n] /fxt pknJw u/fpb} cfOPsf] 5 . o;}u/L
    cf+lzs ckftf ePsf ! hgfn] dfl;s ?= ^ xhf/ @ ;o k|lt dlxgf /fxt k|fKt ub}{ cfPsf 5g\
    . ;fy} %) k|ltzt ckftf ePsf % hgfn] Psd'i7 ?= Ps nfv b/n] / @% k|ltzt ckfutf
    Pshgfn] Psd'i7 %) xhf/ /fxt k|fKt u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
    *=%gful/s ;'/Iff ;]jf
    lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no ;Kt/Laf6 k|x/L rf}sL, b/jGbL / gful/s ;'/Iff ;DjGwL cGo hfgsf/Lx?
    cfpg afFsL .
    *=^dlxnf tyf jfnjflnsfsf] ljsf; l:ylt
    *=^=! z}lIfs l:ylt / kx'Fr
    ljBfno hfgaf6 j+lrt afnaflnsfsf] ljj/0f
    k|f/lDes tYofs+ cg';f/ #$ jif{ pd]/sf k"j{ k|fylds ljBfno hfg] afnaflnsfx? dWo] #&^
    hgf afnaflnsf / !)!$ jif{ pd]/sf ljBfno hfg af6 j+lrt &%@ hgf afnaflnsfx? /x]sf]
    cj:Yff 5 . k"j{ k|fylds ljBfno / ljBfno hfgaf6 j+lrt afnaflnsfsf] ljj/0f tflnsf g+=
    *=&^ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.76M k"j{ k|fylds ljBfno / ljBfno hfgaf6 j+lrt afnaflnsfsf] ljj/0f
    pd]/ ;d'x
    hDdf afnaflnsf
    Affns
    Afflnsf
    ;+Vof
    k|ltzt
    ;+Vof
    k|ltzt
    ;+Vof
    #$ jif{
    #&^
    #!
    @)!
    %#
    !&^
    $&
    !) !$ jif{
    &%@
    @#
    @&*
    #&
    $&$
    ^#
    :f|f]tM /fhlj/fh of]hgf b:tfj]h, @)&!
    :yfoL ;DklQdf dlxnfsf] :jfldTj cg';f/sf] 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=&&
    df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    136

    tflnsf g+=8.77M :yfoL ;DklQdf dlxnfsf] :jfldTj cg';f/sf] 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof


    If]q

    hDdf

    3/ / hUuf
    b'j}

    5423297
    580757
    g]kfn
    799526
    114493
    k"jL{ t/fO{
    121064
    9159
    ;Kt/L
    >f]t M s]=t=lj -@)^(_ rf}dfl;s tYof ultljlw
    !)

    dlxnfsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf]


    3/ jf hUuf
    hUuf dfq
    s'g}klg gePsf]

    gv'n]sf]

    488314

    4310560

    43666

    105282

    573236

    6515

    15355

    94584

    1966

    Year 35, Volume 105, No.-1, 2011/12, tflnsf

    g+=

    *=^=@ :jf:Yo l:ylt tyf k|hgg :jf:Yo


    -o; ;DjGwdf lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{noaf6 ;"rgf lng afFsL_
    *=^=# lzk ljsf;
    @)&)@)&! cf =a= df dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{no n] l;k tyf Ifdtf clej[l4 / dlxnf
    ;zlQs/0f sf] If]qdf u/]sf sfdx?sf] ljj/0f
    ljleGg uflj;df dlxnfx?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 sf] nflu ul/Psf] tflndaf6 nfeflGjt ePsf]
    hDdf dlxnf ;+Vof %*)
    To;}u/L ljleGg uflj;df lszf]/Lx?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4sf] nflu ul/Psf] tflndaf6
    nfeflGjt ePsf] hDdf lszf]/L ;+Vof !@)
    ljleGg uflj;df ul/Psf] l;k ljsf; tflndaf6 nfeflGjt ePsf] dlxnf ;+Vof @*% /
    lszf]/L ;+Vof !@)
    *=^=$ /f]huf/ l:ylt / kx'+r -:jb]zL tyf ljb]zL /f]huf/L
    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{noaf6 dlxnfx?sf] Ifdtf ljsf; / cfocfh{gsf
    If]qdf sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ;f] ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+=*=&* df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.78Mdlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{no ;Kt/Laf6 ;+rflnt sfo{qmd ;DaGwL ljj/0f
    s|=;=
    1

    sfo{s|dsf]
    gfd
    dlxnf
    ljsf;
    sfo{s|d
    hDdf

    xfn ;Dd sfo{s|d ;+rflnt

    ;d"x

    ;ldlt

    ;+:yf

    uf=lj=;=
    ;++Vof

    j*f
    ;++Vof

    g=kf=

    j*F
    ;++Vof

    ;d"x
    ;++Vof

    ;b:o
    ;++Vof

    ;ldlt
    ;++Vof

    ;b:o
    ;++Vof

    ;+:yf
    ;++Vof

    ;b:o
    ;++Vof

    97

    383

    2468

    14313

    166

    6835

    30

    8365

    97

    383

    2468

    14313

    166

    6835

    30

    8365

    ;|f]tM dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{no, ;Kt/L jflif{s k|ltj]bg cf= j+= @)&))&!
    dlxnfx?sf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs / pgLx?sf] ;zQmLs/0fsf] nflu ;fdfGotof Pp6f uflj;df
    pgLx?f/f g} Pp6f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ;~rfng x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . To;df dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf
    137

    sfo{nox?n] cfjZos ;xof]u ub]{ cfPsf] 5 .dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{no ;Kt/Laf6 k|jl4{t
    ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ljj/0ftflnsf g+= *=&( df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.79M ;xsf/L ;+:yfx? ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    qm=;=

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    21

    ;+:yfsf] gfd

    ;[hgfTdsdlxnf ;xsf/L
    ;=:yfln=,w/dk"/
    ze]Iffdlxnf ;xsf/L '+;+:yf
    kmQ]k"/
    zesfdgfdlxnf ;xsf/L ;+:yf
    ?kgu/
    dgf]sfdgfdlxnf ;xsf/L
    ;+:yf#f]#gk"/
    gjb'uf{ dlxnf ;xsf/L ;+;yf
    s+rgk"/
    vf]t/ b]jLdlxnf ;xsf/L
    ;+:yf&]lnof
    ;okqLdlxnf ;xsf/L ;+:yf
    t]/xf]tf
    dfs+sflngLdlxnf ;xsf/L
    ;=:yf l;tfk"/
    nIdLdlxnf ;xsf/L ;+:yf
    cgf{xf
    ;'?f dlxnf ;xsf/L ;+:yf
    s'zxf
    dfeujtLdlxnf art tyf
    C)f ;xsf/L ;+:yf hutk"/

    z]o/
    ;b:o
    ;+Vof

    qm=;

    901

    11

    528

    12

    753

    13

    483

    14

    422

    15

    84

    16

    135

    17

    130

    18

    515

    19

    158

    20

    40

    27

    22

    uf}/L dlxnf art tyf C)f


    ;xsf/L ;+:yf a}/jf

    61

    28

    23

    nIdLdlxnf art tyf C)f


    ;xsf/L ;+:yf cf]b|fxf

    87

    29

    24

    dxfdfofdlxnf art tyf


    C)f ;xsf/L ;+:yf h)*f]n

    79

    30

    25

    nfnL u'/f; dlxnf art tyf


    C)f ;xsf/L ;+:yf, jsw'jf

    124

    31

    26

    dfb'uf{ dlxnf art tyf C)f


    ;xsf/L ;+:yfln= t/xL

    27

    27

    ;|f]tM dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!


    138

    ;+:yfsf] gfd

    hgHof]ltdlxnf ;xsf/L ;+:yf


    dw'k^L
    ;"o[d'vLdlxnf ;xsf/L ;=:yf
    xl/k"/
    afafzDe"gfydlxnf ;xsf/L
    ;+:yf zDe"gfy
    hghfu/)f dlxnf ;xsf/L
    ;+:yf dn]sk"/
    ;/:jtLdlxnf ;xsf/L ;+:yf
    nfnfkl^
    nfnL u'/f; dlxnfljsf;
    ;ldlt cf}/xL
    kfj{tLdlxnfljsf; ;+:yf
    dfg/fhf
    dfs+sfnlgLdlxnfljsf; ;ldlt
    sfrg
    ;'gsf]zLdlxnf ;=:yf
    af]b]a;fO{g
    ;Ktsf]zLdlxnf art tyf
    C)f ;xsf/L, k|:jgL
    lbkHof]ltdlxnf art tyf
    C)f ;xsf/L ;+:yf sNof)fk"/
    HFgHof]tLdlxnf art tyf
    C)f ;xsf/L ;+:yfln=
    O{=km'njl*of
    hfgsLdlxnf art tyf C0f
    ;xsf/L ;+:yf uf]O&L
    lzjHof]ltdlxnf art tyf
    C)f ;xsf/L ;+:yfln=
    kTy/u*f
    ;/:jtLdftfdlxnfljsf; art
    tyf C)f ;xsf/L ;+:yfln=
    df]xgk"/
    lbkHof]ltdlxnf art tyf
    C)f ;xsf/L ;+:yf sNof)fk"/
    hDdf

    z]o/ ;b:o
    ;+Vof

    182
    124
    111
    61
    168
    110
    113
    85
    60
    55
    165

    113

    65

    104

    52

    165
    6095

    *=^=% j}jflxs l:yltafn ljjfx


    tflnsf !*^ nfO{ ljZn]if0f ubf{ !) jif{eGbf sd pd]/df klg ljjfx x'g] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . !) jif{
    eGbf sd pd]/df ljjfx ug]{sf] ;+Vof ^ xhf/ %) hgf /x]sf 5g\ . j}jflxs l:ylt ;DjGwL
    lj:t[t ljj/0f tflnsf g+=*=*)df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.80Mbz jif{ / ;f] eGbf dflysf] hg;+Vofsf] klxnf] ljjfx ePsf] pd]/
    ln
    dlxnf
    k'?if

    hDdf
    !)
    ljjflxt jif{
    hg;+Vof eGbf
    d'gL
    332292
    182438

    6050
    4630

    149854

    1420

    !)
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    !$
    jif{

    45634
    34024
    11610

    !% b]lv @)
    @%
    !( jif{ b]lv
    b]lv
    @$ jif{ @(
    jif{
    178795
    112597

    82354
    27878

    16029
    2635

    66198

    54476

    13394

    #)
    b]lv
    #$
    jif{

    2503
    439

    2064

    #%b]lv $)
    #(
    b]lv
    jif{
    $$
    jif{

    $%b]lv %)
    $(
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    550
    114

    218
    66

    93
    32

    66
    23

    436

    152

    61

    43

    ;|f]tMNational Population and Housing Census 2011, National Report , Volume 1, Table 19
    *=^=^ ;du| ;fdflhs l:ylt -e]befj, 5'jf5't, dlxnf lj?4 lx+;f_
    ;Kt/Ldf ;g @))$ b]vLkf/flnunsfo{qmd ;+rfngePsf] xf] . kf/flnunsfo{qmd
    ;Kt/Ldfo'lg;]kmsf] ;xof]u tyf ;Kt/Lsf] u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf -dfgjclwsf/ tyfhgjsfnt s]Gb|,
    x'k]s_4f/f ;+rflntul/Psf] lyof] .dlxnf / afnaflnsf lj?4 x'g] lx+;f, b'Jo{jxf/ / zf]if0fsf
    36gfx? g]kfnL ;dfhdfk|z:t dfqfdf /x]sf 5g\ . dlxnf / afnaflnsf lj?4x'g] u/]sf
    36gfx?nfO{ ;fdfGo / lghLljifosf ?kdflnOg] k|rngsf ;fy} pgLx? dflyePsf 36gfx?nfO{
    aflx/ Nofpggx'g] dfGotfx? ;dfhdfljBdfg/lx/x]sf sf/0f klg o:tf 36gfx? k'gM bf]xf]/L /x]sf]
    kfOG5g\ .
    o;} ;Gbe{df of] sfo{qmdsf] k|efjnfO{ cem ;d'bfo :t/;Dd n}hfgdlxnf, afnaflnsftyf ;dfh
    sNof0f dGqfno, o'lg;]km / l8PkmcfO8L aLrdf @)^( >fj0f !@ ut] Ps ;Demf}tfkqdf x:tfIf/
    ePsf] 5 . h; cg';f/ ca pk|fGt cem j[xt ?kdf jf8{ jf8{dfhfgdlxnfljsf; sfo{qmd cGtu{t
    n}+lus lx+;f lgu/fgL ;d"xsf] lgdf{0f u/L uflj; :t/dfePsfkf/flnunsf ;b:ox?sf] 1fg ;LknfO{
    jf8{, j:tLtx;Dd k'ofpg] s'/f pNn]v ePsf] 5 . t;y{ xfn ;~rfngdf /x]sf kf/flnun
    sldl6x?nfO{ dlxnftyfjfnjflnsfsfof{no o;y{df g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfkmgf] lg/Gt/ sfo{qmdleq
    ;dfj]z u/]sf] kfOG5 / lj:tf/} kf/flnun ;ldltx? n}+lus lx+;f lgjf/0fsf] nfludlxnf ;+:yfx?sf]
    Plss[t ljsf; sfo{qmddfPlss/0f eP/ hfg] ;'?jftePsf] kfOG5 . o;} ;Gbe{df ;Kt/L lhNnfdf
    ;+rfng /x]sf] $) j6f kf/flnun ;ldlt x? dWo] % j6f uflj;dfutcf=a=@)^()&) / #
    uflj;dfcf=a= @)&))&! DffPlss/0f eP/ n}+lus lx+;f lgu/fgL ;d'x u7g ePsf] 5 . of]
    sfo{qmd dlxnf tyf afnaflns sfo{no, ;Kt/L, dfgj clwsf/ tyf hg jsfnt s]Gb|, x'k|]s,
    uflj; txsf] dlxnf ;ldlt /x]sf 5g\ . xfn /x]sf $) j6f Kof/ lnun ;ldltx?df dlxnf &)@
    hgf, k5fl8 kfl/Psf ;d"xsf !*% hgf / hghfltsf !($ hgf ;b:ox? ;+nUg 5g\ . kf/flnun
    sfo{qmd z'? ePsf] cfwf/df uf=lj=;=x?sf] jlu{s/0f ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=*! df
    pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    139

    tflnsf g+=8.81Mkf/flnun sfo{qmd z'? ePsf] cfwf/df uf=lj=;=x?sf] jlu{s/0f


    ;g\ @))$ df sfo{qmd z'? ePsf uflj;x?
    w/dk'/ ,kmQ]k'/ , sdnk'/,;s/k'/f,j|xdk'/, 3f]3gk'/, s+rgk'/, O6x/L ljifgk'/, dfg/fhf,
    nfnfk6\6L, /fhlj/fh g=kf=,@ g+=hf]lulgof, dnxlgof , kTy/uf8f , h08f}n / ?kgu/
    ;g\ @))&sfo{qmd z'? ePsf uflj;x?
    bf}ntk'/ , l;:jf j]NxL, ljifxl/of, s'zxf, jSw'jf, /fok'/ ,v8uk'/ , cgf{xf, jf]l/of,
    k|;jgL, g3f]{, hd'gLdWf]k'/
    ;g\ @))* sfo{qmd z'? ePsf uflj;x?
    xl/k'/, vf]hk'/ , jg/dm'nf, Ogjf{ k'mnjl8of
    ;g\ @))( sfo{qmd z'? ePsf uflj;x?
    lkk|fklZrd / /f}tx6
    ;g\ @)!) sfo{qmd z'? ePsf uflj;x?
    /fdk'/ hd'jf / k+;]/f
    ;g\ @)!! sfo{qmd z'? ePsf uflj;x?
    l5Ggd:tf / xg'dfggu/
    ;|f]tM dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfo{no, ;Kt/L,@)&!
    :yfkgfsfn b]lv @)!$ clk|n ;Dd kf/flnun tyf n}+luslx;f, lgu/fgL ;d'xx?n] ;Daf]wg
    u/]sf lx+;f;+u ;DalGwt ljjfbsf]ljj/0f tn tflnsf g+= *=*@ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+= 8.82M dlxnf lx+;f ;DjGwL ljj/0fx?
    qm= ;+ ljjfbsf] lsl;d
    ;+Vof
    !
    dlxnf lxF;f ;DaGwL
    %%#$
    @
    afnaflnsf ;DaGwL
    !&!!
    #
    k'?if ;DaGwL
    %&@
    hDdf
    &**&
    dWo:ytf ul/Psf] ;+Vof
    &@$(
    /]km/ ul/Psf s];x?
    ^#*
    ;|f]tM dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!
    kf/flnun ;ldlttyf n}+lus lx+;f lgu/fgL ;d'xx?n] ;Daf]wg u/]sf lxnftyfjfnjflnsfsf]
    lx+;fx?sf] :j?k x]bf{ ;Kt/L lhNnfdfdlxnf ;+u ;DalGwt lx+;fx?dfjx'ljjfx, af]S;Lsf] cf/f]k,
    of}ghGo lx+;fx?, ;fdflhs lx+;f,gful/stf af6 alGrt, ljjfxbtf{ af6 alGrt, ;DaGw ljR5]b,
    s'6lk6, ;DklQ ;DaGwLljjfb, dlxnfxTof, anTsf/, bfOhf]sf] sf/0fn] dlxnf k|tfl8ttyf w]/}
    dfqfdf 3/]n' lx+;f /x]sf] b]lvG5 eGg]jfnjflnsfvf; u/]/jfnljjfx, jfn>d, jfnb'/Jojxf/,
    pk]Iff ,hGdbtf{ af6 alGrt, ljBfnohfgg;s]sf], jfnof}g zf]if0f, anTsf/, a]rljvg h:tf
    lx+;fx? af6 k|efljt /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
    140

    o; lhNnfdf cfly{s jif{ @)^()&) / @)&))&! df w/dk'/, cgf{x, @ g+ hf]lulgof,


    l5Ggd:tf, g3f]{, /fok'/, v8\uk'/ / lkk|fklZrd u/L hDdf cf7 j6f uflj;x?df n}ls lx+;f
    lgjf/0fsf nflu dlxnf ;+:yfx?sf] Plss[t ljsf; sfo{qmd nfu' ul/Psf 5g\ .o;sf] agfj6
    tflnsf g+= *=*# df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+= 8.83M lguf/fgL ;d'x ;DaGwL ljj/0f
    qm=;=
    !
    @
    #
    $
    %
    ^
    &
    *

    uf=lj=;=
    tx
    @
    @
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    sf] gfd

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    19
    19
    3,5,7,8,9

    lgu/fgL ;d"x lgu/fgL ;d"x ;b:o ;+Vof


    lgu/fgL
    ;+Vof
    ;d"xdf kf=;
    blnt hghftL cGo hDdf
    9
    9
    5

    31
    21
    11

    13
    37
    17

    28
    14
    11

    72
    72
    39

    17
    17
    6

    1,2,6,8,9

    18

    16

    39

    1,6,7,8
    8,2,6

    4
    3

    16
    5

    16
    13

    32
    24

    7
    3

    1,6,8

    14

    24

    77

    230

    49

    30

    hDdf M

    83

    ;|f]tM dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfo{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!


    3/]n' lx+;fjf6 k|efljt dlxnf tyf jfnjflnsfsf nflu ;'/lIft cf>o:yn ;+rfng ;+rfng
    ul/Psf ;+:yf tyf uf=lj=;=x? ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=*$ df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+= 8.84M dlxnf lx+;f ;DjGwL ph'/Lx?sf] ljj/0f
    ljj/0f
    s'6lk6
    jx' ljjfx
    cfly{s lx+;f
    of}ghGo
    jfnljjfx
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    dfgl;+s lx+;f
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    hDdf

    cf=j=
    @)^^

    cf=j=
    @)^&
    @$
    #
    !
    @

    cf=j=
    @)^*
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    %
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    !
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    !

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    !
    ^
    $@

    ;|f]tM dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfo{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!

    141

    cf=j=
    @)^(
    &@
    @
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    !)
    !
    !
    @
    ^
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    cf=j=
    @)&)
    %@
    $
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    %
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    @
    !

    ^
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    ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] dlxnf lx+;f ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= *=*% df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.85M dlxnf lx+;f ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    qm= ;+
    ljj/0f
    ;+Vof
    ! dlxnf k|efljt ;+Vof
    #@(
    @ jfns
    %
    # jflnsf
    *
    $ s"nhDdf
    #$@
    % ljjfb ;dfwfgeO{ 3/ kms]{sf ;+Vof
    #@*
    ^ d'f
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    ;|f]tM dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!
    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf cem} klg dlxnf / afnaflnsfx?nfO{ ;dfhdf e]befj ug]{, blnt dlxnfx?nfO{
    5'jf5'tsf] gfddf ckdfg ug]{ / 3/]n' lx+;faf6 lkl8t x'g' k/]sf] cj:yf /x]sf] 5 . o; If]qdf
    lhNnfdf w]/} ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf klg 5g\ . vf; u/L 3/]n' lx+;fdf k/]sf dlxnf tyf
    afnaflnsfx?nfO{ ;]jf k|bfg ug{ lhNnf ;]jf s]Gb| / ;fd'bflos ;]jf s]Gb|x? lqmofl;n /x]sf
    5g . tL ;]jfs]Gb|x?n] pknJw u/fpg] uflj; / ltgLx?sf] sfo{If]q lgDgfg';f/ tflnsf g+=
    *=*^df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.86M lhNnf ;]jf s]Gb| / ;fd'bflos ;]jf s]Gb| ;DaGwL ljj/0f
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    ;]jf s]Gb|sf] gfd
    7]ufgf
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    If]q
    !
    >L ;[hgfTds dlxnf
    #
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    @
    >L gj b'uf{ dlxnf jrt !
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    j/dlemof, jbufdf
    #
    >L uf}/L dlxnf jrt tyf @
    j}/jf, kf]tfxf, ef/bx, dwjfk'/,
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    ;f=;]=s]Gb|_
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    jegufdfs6L, sf]Onf8L, sf]
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    $
    >L ;'o{d'vL dlxnf jrt %
    jg/em'nf, k+;]/f, dnxgdf, xl/k'/,
    C0f ;xsf/L ;+=ln= xl/k'/s'zfxf, dw'k6L, bf}ntk'/, xlb{of,
    ;f=;=s]Gb|_
    lkk|f klZrd
    %
    >L ;okqL dlxnf jrt
    !
    t]/xf}tf, l;tfk'/, k|zjgL, h08f}n,
    142

    qm=;+=

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    If]q

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    >L ;/:jtL dlxnf jrt #
    tyf C0f ;xsf/L
    ;+=ln=nfnfk6L -;f=;]=s]Gb|_

    &

    >L kfj{tL dlxnf jrt


    tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+=ln=
    dfg/fhf -;f=;]=s]Gb|_

    >L nIdL dlxnf jrt tyf $


    C0f ;xsf/L ;++=ln=c/gfxf
    -;f=;]=s]Gb|_

    >L lbk Hof]tL dlxnf jrt %


    tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+= ln=
    sNof0fk'/ -;f=;]=s]Gb|_

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    7]lnof, ?kgu/, j;lj6L
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    ;s/k'/f, jf]l/of, sf] dw]k'/f, km;{]7,
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    /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsf
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    d}gf;x;|jfx', g]u8f, Ogjf{
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    dnxlgof, km'nsfxL, /f}tx6,
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    sfrg, v8uk'/, b]p/L, t/xL
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    dn]sk'/, hd'gL dw]k'/f, sljnf;f,
    j|xdk'/, l;d|fxf l;+Uof}g,
    kftf],cf}/xL, uDxl/of k|jfxf, e'txL,
    j]NxL rk]gf, g3f{], em'6sL, jg}lgof,
    kmls/f, l5Ggd:tf
    vf]hk'/, sNof0fk'/,e+uxf, df]xgk'/,
    O{gjf{ km'njl8of, j;jnk'/,
    zDe'gfy, /fok'/, vf]S;/ k|jfxf

    ;|f]t M lhNnf dlxnf tyf jfn jflnsf sfof{no, ;Kt/L @)&! c;f/
    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf @)&) >fj0f b]vL @)&) r}q ;Dd 3/]n' lx+;f k|efljt dlxnfsf nflu :yflkt
    lhNnf ;]jf s]Gb| / pk s]Gb|df ph'/L ePsf, k5\of}6 ePsf, cbfnt uPsf / afFsL d'4fsf]
    ljj/0f b]xfo adf]lhd tflnsf g+= *=*&df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.87M ;]jf s]Gb|df ;]jf lnPsf dlxnf lx+;f ;DjGwL d'4fsf] ljj/0f
    qm=;=
    ljj/0f
    ph'/L
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    ! s'6lk6
    *(
    *&
    @
    @ cfly{s lx+;f
    $
    $
    143

    qm=;=
    ljj/0f
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    cbfnt
    jfFls
    # of}g hGo lx+;f
    !
    !
    $ jx'ljjfx
    !
    !
    !
    % j]jfl/;] cj:yf
    !
    !
    ^ cGo lx+;f
    ^#
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    !
    & cbfntdf c+z d'4f
    $
    $
    * gftf sfod
    !
    !
    ( hDdf
    !^$
    !%%
    ^
    #
    gf]6 M s'n !^$ hgf 3/]n' lx+;faf6 lkl8t dWo] !%! dlxnf, $ jfns /( jflnsf /x]sf 5g .
    ;|f]t M lhNnf dlxnf tyf jfn jflnsf sfof{no, ;Kt/L @)&! c;f/
    n}ls lx+;f ;DaGwL lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no dlxnf tyf jfnjflnsf ;]ndf k/]sf ph'/L ;DjGwL
    ljj/0fx? tflnsf g+= *=** df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=

    8.88M

    o;
    qm=;+= sfof{nodf
    k|fKt

    n}ls lx+;f ;DaGwL ph'/L / sfjf{xLsf] l:ylt


    lhNnf
    k|zf;g
    sfof{no
    dfkm{t
    k|fKt

    hDdf
    ph'/L

    sfaf{xL
    ePsf]
    ;+Vof

    lgj]bg lbO
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    ;+Vof

    !
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    ^($ ^%&
    %
    ;|f]t M lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no ;Kt/L, cfj=)&))&!
    ;'/lIft cf>o :ynaf6 ;]jf k|fKt ug]{ 3/]n' lx+;faf6
    *=*( df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+= 8.89M ;'/lIftcf>o:ynaf6 ;]jf k|fKt ug]{
    ljj/0f
    jif{
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    jif{
    @)^^
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    @)^*
    s'6lk6

    @$
    *!
    jx'ljjfx

    #
    %
    cfly{s lx+;f

    !
    !
    of}ghGo
    !
    @
    !!
    jfnljjfx

    !
    j]jfl/;]

    @
    !
    jf]S;Lsf]

    !
    !
    cf/f]k
    dfgl;s

    cGo lx+;f

    ^
    !*
    144

    sfaf{xL
    x'g afFsL
    ;+Vof

    !^

    d'4f
    btf{
    ePsf]
    ;+Vof

    cbfntL
    k|lqmofdf
    uPsf]
    ;+Vof

    !$

    k|efljtx?sf] ljj/0f tnsf] tflnsf g+=


    3/]n' lx+;f af6 k|efljtx?sf] ljj/0f
    jif{
    jif{
    s'n
    @)^(
    @)&)
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    %@
    @@(
    @
    $
    !$
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    #
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    !)
    %
    @(
    !
    !
    #
    !
    @
    ^
    @
    !
    %
    ^
    ^

    !%

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    !
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    !)^
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    #$*
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    k|efljt ePsf] dWo] % hgf jfns, * hgf jflnsf / ##% hgf dlxnfx? /x]sf 5g\ .
    s'n #$* dWo] ljjfb ;dfwfg eO{ / 3/ kms{g]sf] ;+Vof ##@ /x]sf] / afFsL !^ hgfsf]
    xfn ;Dd d'4f rln/x]sf] 5 .
    ;|f]tM lhNnf dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{no, @)&! c;f/ .
    *=^=&;fd'bflos / /fhlglts lqmofsnfkdf ;xeflutf / k|ltlglwTj
    *=^=* ;]jf / ;'ljwf dflysf] kx'+r, lgoGq0f / zlQm ljZn]if0f -lg0f{o k|lqmofdf kx"+r_
    *=^=( hGd btf{
    *=^=!) afn >dsf] cj:yf
    gu/kflnsfsf] k|f/lDes tYofs+ cg';f/ /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsf leq @%# hgf afnaflnsfx?
    3/]n' afn>dlssf] ?kdf sfo{ ul//x]sf] kfO{Psf] lyof] . h;df !(% hgf afns tyf %* hgf
    aflnsf /x]sf lyP -tflnsf g+= *=()_ .
    tlnsf g+= 8.90M 3/]n' afn>lds afnaflnsfsf] cj:yf
    qm=;= afn>dsf] k|sf/
    hDdf
    afns
    aflnsf
    ! 3/]n' sfddf
    &(
    @!
    %*
    @ ;8s
    # afn el/of
    $ xf]6n tyf nh
    *@
    *@
    % Uof/]hdf sfd
    $#
    $#
    ^ Jofkf/
    #&
    #&
    & cGo
    !@
    !@
    hDdf
    @%#
    !(%
    %*
    ;|f]tM /fhlj/fh of]hgf b:tfj]h, @)&!

    145

    *=^=!! ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jfn ;+/If0f k|0ffnL


    pd]/ ;d"x / lnsf] cfwf/df !^ jif{ d'lgsf afnaflnsfx?sf] a;fO{sf] cj:yf ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    tn tflnsf g+= *=(! df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=8.91Mpd]/ ;d"x / lnsf] cfwf/df !^ jif{ d'lgsf afnaflnsfx?sf] a;fO{sf] cj:yf
    b'a} lnsf] pd]/
    ;d"x

    hDdf

    hDdf
    Ps jif{ eGbf
    d'gL
    01 - 04 jif{
    05 - 09jif{
    10 - 15jif{
    k'?if
    hDdf
    Ps jif{ eGbf
    d'gL
    01 - 04jif{
    05 - 09jif{
    10 - 15jif{
    dlxnf
    hDdf
    Ps jif{ eGbf
    d'gL
    01 - 04jif{
    05 - 09jif{
    10 - 15jif{

    247,532
    10,852

    223,974
    10,097

    16,782
    512

    964
    16

    311
    0

    33
    0

    549
    8

    46
    0

    1,936
    18

    2,935
    201

    52,403
    86,036
    98,241

    48,339
    78,565
    86,972

    2,955
    5,536
    7,779

    50
    294
    604

    33
    82
    196

    0
    8
    24

    107
    171
    264

    0
    1
    45

    201
    538
    1,179

    718
    840
    1,177

    125,640
    5,700

    113,819
    5,398

    8,234
    221

    613
    16

    159
    0

    24
    0

    215
    0

    27
    0

    1,131
    5

    1,416
    60

    26,680
    44,083
    49,177

    24,563
    40,259
    43,599

    1,536
    2,767
    3,711

    36
    182
    379

    17
    58
    85

    0
    0
    24

    17
    93
    105

    0
    1
    26

    82
    285
    760

    430
    439
    488

    121,892
    5,152

    110,156
    4,699

    8,548
    291

    351
    0

    152
    0

    8
    0

    335
    8

    19
    0

    805
    13

    1,519
    141

    25,723
    41,953
    49,064

    23,776
    38,307
    43,373

    1,419
    2,769
    4,068

    14
    111
    226

    16
    24
    112

    0
    8
    0

    90
    78
    159

    0
    0
    19

    119
    254
    419

    288
    401
    689

    cfdf afa' cfdf

    afa'

    cfdf
    /
    ;f}tfg]
    afaf'

    a;fO sf];Fu
    afa' / cGo
    ;f}tfg] gft]bf/
    cfdf

    /f]huf/ cGo
    bftf

    pNn]v
    gePsf]

    Source: CBS, Nepal, National Population and Housing Census 2011, Volume V, Part 12, Table 65

    *=&pk]lIft plTkl8t, blnt tyf hghftLsf] l:ylt


    ;Kt/L lhNnf pk]lIft, plTkl8t, blntx?sf] pNn]Vo hg;+Vof ePsf] lhNnf xf] . lo ;d'bfox?
    If}lIfs, cfly{s, :jf:Yo, lg0f{o k|lqmofdf x'g] ;xeflutf / ;]jf / ;'ljwfsf] kx'Fr cflbsf]
    b[li6sf]0fn] k5fl8 k/]sf 5g\ . pbfx/0fsf] nflu g]kfn dfgj ljsf; k|ltj]bg cg';f/ dw]lz
    a|Dxf0f If]qLx?sf] ;/b/ jflif{s k|ltJolQm cfo ? $!**( / dw]zL cGo hftsf] k|ltJolQm cfo
    ? #@&#& b]vfOPsf] 5 eg] dw]zL blntx?sf] k|lt JolQm cfo ? @&%^@ dfq /x]sf] 5 . of]
    tYofn] ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] klg k|ltlglwTj ub{5 eg]/ o;nfO{ cfwf/ dfGg vf]lhPsf] xf] . ;fy} ;f]
    k|ltj]bgsf] dfgj ljsf; k|ltj]bgn] dw]zL blntx?sf] z}lIfs / cfo' ;'rfsf klg sdfhf]/
    b]vfPsf] 5 .

    146

    *=*cGwf tyf ckfsf] cj:yf


    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf km/s Ifdtf ePsf hg;+Vofsf] cj:yfsf af/]df tflnsf g+=*=(@ df lj:t[t
    ?kdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    -_ ckftf cg';f/ hg;+Vof ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+= 8.92M km/s Ifdtf ePsf hg;+Vofsf] cj:yf
    If]q

    s'n
    hg;+Vof

    zfl/l/s
    c;Qm

    cfvfF sd
    b]Vg] jf
    gb]Vg]

    sd sfg
    ;'Gg] jf
    sfg g;'Gg]

    cfFvf gb]Vg]
    / sfg
    g;'Gg]

    af]Ng
    g;Sg]

    dfgl;g
    c;Qmtf

    af}l4s
    c;Qmtf

    ax'
    cfoflds
    c;Qmtf

    g]kfn
    k"lj{ t/fO{
    ;Kt/L

    26494504
    3818119
    639284

    186457
    212086
    3063

    94765
    9780
    1536

    79307
    7915
    951

    9436
    960
    178

    58855
    7981
    1037

    30997
    4607
    612

    14888
    1816
    212

    38616
    5202
    455

    ;|f]tM National Population and Housing Census 2011, National Report , Volume 1, Table 24

    147

    hDdf
    hg;+V
    of
    8044
    (1.16)

    *=(t]>f] ln+uLsf] l:ylt


    @)^% df :yfkgf ePsf] ;xof]uL ;dfh /fhla/fhn] ;Kt/L lhNnfdf /x]sf of}lgs tyf n}ls
    cNk;FVosx? -;dln tyf t];|f] lnL]_ sf] If]qdf eO{ lg/Gt/ ?kdf sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . of}lgs
    tyf n}lus cNk;+Vosx?sf] of}g :jf:Yo tyf dfgj clwsf/sf] nflu ljz]if hf]8 lbFb} cfPsf]
    5 . o; cl3 Jn' 8fod08 ;f];O{6Lsf] zfvfsf] ?kdf :yflkt eO{ ;g\ @))& b]lv /fhla/fh
    ;Kt/Ldf sfo{/t /x]sf] lyof] . ;dfhsf] lje]bsf/L sfg"gL tyf ;dflhs ;+/rgfsf] sf/0fn]
    ubf{ g]kfnsf] hg;FVofsf] G8} * b]lv !) k|ltzt /x]sf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] of}lgs tyf n}ls
    cNk;+Vosx? dWo] ;g\ @))& b]lv clxn] ;Dd k|ToIf tyf cKf|ToIf ?kdf of] lHfNnfsfsl/j
    &xhf/sf] xf/fxf/Ldf ;Dk{sdf cfO{;s]sf 5g\ / c} v'Ng afFsL g} 5g\.
    cfgf] of}gLsn}lsklxrfgsf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/ ;dfh tyf /fHo4f/f lje]bsf] l;sf/ x'g'k/]sf]
    cj:yf 5 . o; ;d'bfosf JolQmx? lbg lbg} kfl/jfl/s, 3/]n', ;fdflhs tyf /fHo:t/af6 ul/g]
    lx+;faf6 u|l;t 5g\ . k|x/L k|;fzg tyf ;/sf/L lgsfox? o; ;d'bfosf JolQmx?k|lt
    ;Da]bgzLn 5}gg\ . kfl/jfl/s ;fdflhs /fhg}lts If]qaf6 lt/:s[t x'g' k/]sf] sf/0fn] pgLx?
    ;fgf] pd]/b]vL g} 3/kl/jf/ 5f8\g afWo eO{, 3/ kl/jf/af6 ckx]lnt eO{ a:g' k/]sf] 5 .
    cfgf] of}lgstfsf] sf/0fn] k9\g kfpg] clwsf/af6 ;d]t jlGrt eO{ ljBfno sn]haf6
    lg:sfl;t x'g'k/]sf ;of} 36gfx? 5g\ . cfgf] of}lgstfsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ af6f] 3f6f]df lx8\bf
    lx8\b} o; ;d'bfosf JolQmx?nfO{ jLgf sf/0f kqm]/ nlu y'gfdf /fvL ljleGg k|sf/sf of}g
    b'/Jojxf/ u/L zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s oftgf lbFb} cfPsf y'k|} 36gfx? 5g\ . :s"n, SofDk;,
    ;/sf/L tyf lglh sfof{no, nufot x/]s If]qdf oL JolQmx? k|lt cdfgjLo Jojxf/ x'b} cfPsf]
    5 . To:tf] ug]{ JolQmx?nfO{ s'g} ;hfosf] eflubf/ agfO+{b}g .
    olt 7"nf] ;+Vofdf /x]sf of}gLs tyf nf}lus cNk;+Vosx? l;dfGts[t ju{ eP/ klg /fHoaf6
    kfpg' kg]{ ;x'lnot ;'ljwf jf cj;/af6 jl~rt x'g' k/]sf] 5 . oL l;dfGts[t au{sf] hLjg :t/
    psf:gsf] nflu ;/sf/n] ;xof]u u/]sf] 5}g h;sf sf/0f of}gLs tyf n}lscNk;+Vos
    ;d''bfosf JolQmx?sf] cj:yf emg gfh's aGb} uO{ lzIff :jf:Yo tyf /f]huf/L h:tf clt
    cfwf/e"t dfgj clwsf/af6 ;d]t of] ;d'bfo alGrt ePsf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ pgLx? cfgf]
    JolQmTj ljsf;sf] cj;/af6 alGrt x'g' k/]sf] 5 .
    *=!):yfgLo :t/df dfgj clwsf/sf] cj:yf
    *=!)=! lhNnfdf afn Snj ;+Vof / ;~hfn
    o; lhNnfdf cf=a= @)&)&! df lhNnf :t/Lo !, gu/:t/Lo ! / ufpF:t/Lo !!$ j6f
    afnSnjx? lqmoflzn 5g\ . :s"n txdf @!( j6f afnSnjx? u7g ePsf] df @% j6fn] dfq
    ;lqmo ?kdf sfd u/]sf 5g\ . To;} u/L gu/:t/df ;fd'bflos txsf] #( j6f / j8f txdf
    !,)#^ j6f afnSnjx? u7g ePsf 5g\ . o;/L lhNnfdf s'n !,@!^ jfnSnjx? u7g e}
    lqmoflzn /x]sf 5g\ .
    148

    lrq g+=1M afnSnjdf ;dfj]lztfsf] cj:yf

    ;b:o ;+Vof

    ljleGg txdf u/L s'n


    !$ xhf/ ^ ;o $@
    afnSnjsf ;b:ox?sf] ljj/0f
    hgfafn
    aflnsfx?
    5,916
    afnSnjx?df
    cfj4
    6,000
    ePsf]df
    d'l:nd
    4,015
    3,896
    ;d'bfoaf6 *!% hgf,
    4,000
    blntaf6 # xhf/ * ;o
    815
    2,000
    (^, hghftLaf6 $
    0
    xhf/ !% / cGo
    ;d'bfoaf6 % xhf/ (
    blnt hghftL d'l:nd
    cGo
    ;o
    !^
    hgfsf]
    afnSnjdf hfltut ;b:otf
    ;xeflutf /x]sf] 5 .
    s'n ;b:o;+Vofdf *
    xhf/ &@ hgf -%% k|ltzt_ afns / afsL ^ xhf/ % ;o &) hgf -$% k|ltzt_ aflnsfx?
    /x]sf 5g\ .
    lrq g+=2M afnSnjsf] d'Vo d'Vo kbdf ;dfj]lztfsf] cj:yf
    cf=a=
    @)&)&!
    df
    afnSnjsf] d'Vo kbx? h:t}
    cWoIf, pkfWoIf, ;lrj /
    sf]iffWoIf df ;a} eGbf sd
    2,726
    3,000
    1,916
    1,896
    d'l:nd ;d'bfoaf6 @ ;o
    1,167 1,311
    2,000
    @* hgf / ;j} eGbf j9L
    228
    1,000
    cGo ;d'bfoaf6 ! xhf/ (
    0
    ;o !^ hgf /x]sf 5g\ eg]
    ! xhf/ ! ;o ^& blntx?
    / ! xhf/ # ;o !! hgf
    hghftLx?n] g]t[Tj u/]sf]
    hfltut / afns / aflnsfsf] k|ltlgllwTjsf] cj:yf
    cj:yf 5 . s'n $ xhf/ ^
    ;o dWo] @ xhf/ & ;o @^
    afns -%( k|ltzt_ / ! xhf/ * ;o (^ aflnsf -$! k|ltzt_ /x]sf 5g\ .
    ;b:o ;+Vof

    d'Vo kbx?df hfltut / afnaflnsfsf]


    k|ltlglwTjsf] cj:yf

    149

    9.

    v08(Mjg tyf jftfj/0f

    (=!ag If]qsf] l:ylt


    ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] clwsfFz -*(=%!_ jg If]q k"j{ klZrd /fhdfu{sf] pQ/ tkm{ /x]sf] r'/]
    >[vnfdf dfq /x]sf] 5 . r'/Lofdf Hill Sal forest / Tropical Mixed Hardwood forest / vo/
    ldl>t jg If]q /x]sf 5g\ . efj/ / t/fO{df Tropical Mixed Hardwood forest /Sal forest
    km}lnPsf] b]lvG5 . r'/]sf]Foot Hilldf vo/sf] h+un /x]sf] 5 . ljleGg hftsf cyf{t vo/, l;;f},
    l;l/; / c? hftsf lj?jfx? nueu @$*&=&$ x]S6/df ePsf] b]lvG5 . o; lhNnfdf hDdf
    #$!&(=#) x]S6/ ag If]q /x]sf] 5 . h;df t/fO{sf] ag If]qdf #%*$=@) x]=, l;jflnsr'l/of
    jgsf] #)%(%=!) x]= If]qkmn /x]sf] 5 . oxfF sl/j %( j6f lghL jg btf{ ePsf] 5 eg] !@*
    ;fd'bflos jg -!&*$&=!* If]qkmn_ /x]sf 5g\ .
    k|hftL cg';f/ jgsf] lsl;d
    ef}uf]lns cj:yf, tfkqmd, jiff{, prfO{, df6f], cflbsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ jg:kltsf] pkl:yltdf klg
    ;f]lx adf]lhdsf] leGgtf kfO{G5 . ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] jflif{s ;/b/ tfksqmd #)) l8u|L eGbf
    dfly / cf}ift jflif{s jiff{ !#)*@)#^=#* ld=ld= ;Dd ePsf] x'Fbf oxfFTropical ForestkfOG5 .
    o; lhNnfsf] jgsf] cj:yf tflnsf g+= (=! df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=9.1M ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] jgsf] cj:yf
    qm=;=

    1.1
    1.2
    1.3
    1.4
    1.5
    2
    2.1
    2.2
    2.3

    jgsf] lsl;d

    IF]qkmn x]=
    3584=20
    2330=30
    1068=40
    99=60
    85=90
    30595=10
    12448=60
    15746=50
    2000=00
    34179=30

    t/fO{ / efj/sf] s'n jg If]q


    ;fn jg
    pi0f ldl;|t s8f sf7 jg
    vo/ jg
    ljIf/f]k0f
    l;jfls / r'/]sff] s'n jg
    ;fn jg
    pi0f ldl;|t s8f sf7 jg
    vo/ jg
    s'n hDdf

    ;|f]tM lhNnf ag sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!


    o; jg If]qdf /x]sf] Bhabar andTerai Deciduous HardWood Mixed Forest/x]sf] jgsf]
    cWoog ug{sf] nflu o; nfO{ jgsf] cj:yf cg';f/ tLg efudf ljefhg u/]sf] 5 h'g tflnsf
    g+= (=@ df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

    150

    tflnsf g+=9.2M jgsf] cj:yf


    qm=
    ;=
    1

    jgsf] lsl;d

    If]qkmn

    k|ltzt

    /fd|f] cj:yfsf] jg-70eGbf j(L If]q #gTjePsf]_

    554=10

    51=86

    cf};t cj:yfsf] jg -40 b]vL 70 ;Ddf If]q #gTj


    ePsf]_

    335=40

    31=39

    sd;n cj:yfsf] jg -10 b]vL 40;Dd If]q #gTj


    ePsf]_
    hDdf

    178=90

    16=75

    1068=40

    100

    ;|f]tM lhNnf ag sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!


    jg clts|d0f ePsf] If]q
    o; lhNnfdf ljut sf] of]hgf sfndf ljleGg sf/0fn] ubf{ ePsf] jg clts|d0f sf] ljj/0f lgDg
    adf]lhdsf] tflnsf g+= (=# df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf
    qm=;=
    !
    @
    #
    $

    g+=9.3M ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] jg clts|d0fsf]


    Uff=lj=;=
    x/lbof uf=lj=; sf] e]l8of
    dn]7
    vf]hk'/
    bf]ntk'/
    hDdf
    ;|f]tM lhNnf jg sfo{fno, ;Kt/L, @)&!

    ljj/0f
    If]qkmn
    @#=&% x]=
    !) x]=
    )=@% x]
    #=%)
    #&=%)

    s}lkmot

    (=@jg ;+/If0f tyf h}ljs ljljwtf


    k[YjLdf jf s'g} ef}uf]lns If]qdf /xg] ljz]if hLjg hutsf] ljljwtf Pj+ leGgtf g} h}ljs
    ljljwtf xf] . o;df s'g} klg hLjhGt', ;'IdhLjf0f', jg:klt Pj+ ltgLx?sf] hLjgz}nL tyf
    jftfj/0fLo sfo{ k|0ffnL ;dfj]z x'G5 . o; lhNnfdf ljutdf k|sflzt aflif{s k'l:tsf,
    k|rf/k|;f/ ;fdfu|L, h}laslalawtf af/] k|sflzt n]v /rgf cWoog u/]/ h}ljs ljljwtfsf]
    cj:yf tyf l:ytL kQf nufOPsf] lyof] ;fy} :ynut lgl/If0f cjnf]sg Pj+ jg ;DaGwL
    hfgsf/L /fVg] ;DaGwLt If]qsf u|fld0f ;d'bfosf :yfgLo a'9fkfsf, uf]7fnfx?;+u hfgsf/L lnO{
    lhNnfdf h}ljs ljljwtfsf] cj:yfsf] cWoog Pj+ hfgsf/L ktf nufO{Psf] lyof] . cWoog Pj+
    k|fKt hfgsf/L cg';f/ o; lhNnfdf pi0f b]lv ;dlztf]i0f (Tropicalto Sub-Tropical Climate)
    df x'g] laleGgFlora /Faunax? kfO{G5g\ .

    151

    jGohGt'sf] ;+/If0f, p4f/, Ifltk'lt{ tyf ;'/fsL kl/rfng


    jg k}bfjf/sf] rf]/L lgsf;L, ca}w s6fgL lgoGq0f ug{ tyf jGohGt'sf] lzsf/ ug]{ AolQmx?sf]
    klxrfg u/L sf/afxL ug{ uf]Ko ?kdf ;'/fsL kl/rfng ul/Fb} cfOPsf] 5 . t/fO{sf dxTjk"0f{
    jGohGt'x?sf] af;:yfgsf] ?kdf /x]sf] t/fO{sf] jgdf jGohGt'sf] lzsf/ ug]{, ks|fp ug]{
    sfo{nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ k|To]s O{nfsfdf ;'/fsL kl/rfng ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . rf]/L lzsf/Lx?nfO{
    kqmg hf]lvd / hl6n x'g] ePsf]n] o;sf] nflu cleo'Qmx?nfO{ kqmfp u/Lu/fO{ sfg"gL
    bfo/fdf Nofpgsf] nflu ;'/fsLsf] ;xof]u klg lng] ul/Psf] 5 . 3fO{t], 6'x'/f tyf d[t
    jGohGt'sf] Aoa:yfkg, jGoGt'af6 x'g] Iflt afkt\ /fxtsf] Aoa:yf ;d]t ul/Fb} cfPsf] 5 .
    (=#jg k}bfjf/sf] dfu tyf cfk"lt{ l:ylt
    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf ;fd'bflos jg cGtu{t efj/sf] ;fn jg / t/fO{sf] ktem8 s8f sf7 ldl>t
    jgsf] jflif{s ;+sng Ifdtfsf] cj:yf tflnsf g+= (=$ df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=9.4M jgsf] jflif{s ;+sng Ifdtfsf] cj:yf
    jg
    k|efjsf/L
    If]qkmn
    If]qkmn
    x]=
    x]=

    ljj/)F

    /fd|f] jg -70
    k|ltzt eGbf j(L
    554
    Ifq #gTj ePsf]_
    cf};t jg -40
    b]vL 70 k|ltzt
    335
    Ifq #gTj ePsf]_
    cf};t jg -10 b]vL
    40 k|ltzt Ifq
    179
    #gTj ePsf]_
    hDdf

    jflif{s ;+sng
    #=dL=
    k|lt jif{

    sf&
    #=dL=
    k|lt jif{

    bfp/f
    #=dL=
    k|lt jif{

    400

    816

    408

    408

    60% of available MAI


    of CF

    250

    152

    76

    76

    40% of available MAI


    of CF

    125

    24

    12

    12

    40% of available MAI


    of CF

    992

    496

    s}lkmot

    496

    ;|f]tM lhNnf jg sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&! c;f/ .


    lhNnfsf] u}x| sfi7 ag k}bfjf/sf] Growingstock tyf aflif{s cg'dflgt pTkfbg kl/0ffd ;DjGwL
    ljj/0f tflnsf g+= (=% df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=9.5M u}x| sfi7 jg k}bfjf/sf] Growingstock tyf jflif{s cg'dflgt pTkfbg kl/df0f
    qm=;=
    1
    2
    3
    4

    hft
    vo/
    a]n
    l;sfO{
    ;tfj/L

    Growing Stock

    OsfO{
    So=lkm=
    lsnf]
    SjLG^n
    lsnf]

    442000
    45200
    175
    6500
    152

    aflif{s cg'dflgt
    pTkfbg
    4420
    28400
    110
    4500

    qm=;=
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    13
    14

    hft
    cdnf
    j/f]{
    x/f]{
    /fha[If
    lgd
    wu]+/f]
    lkkn
    ef]nf{ kft
    cld[;f]

    Growing Stock

    OsfO{
    lsnf]
    lsnf]
    lsnf]
    lsnf]
    lsnf]
    lsnf]
    lsnf
    lsnf]
    ef/L

    5500
    34000
    1800
    850
    900
    400
    150
    124900
    1200

    aflif{s cg'dflgt
    pTkfbg
    3550
    350
    500
    500
    250
    60
    50
    48300
    650

    ;|f]tM lhNnf jg sfof{no, ;Kt/L @)&! c;f/


    v= 9'f, luL, afn'jf
    jg P]g@)$( / jg lgodfjnL@)%! tyf cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g@)%% / cfly{s k|zf;g
    ;DaGwL lgodfjnL@)%^ cg';f/ h+un If]q leq /x]sf] 9'+uf, lu6L, jfn'jf jg sfo{non]
    7]Ssfkf tyf cdfgtaf6 ;+sng ug{ u/fpg ;lsg] k|fjwfg x'Fbfx'Fb} :yfgLo :jfoQzf;g P]g
    @)%% af6 lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] klg 7]Ssf nufpg] u/]sf] x'Fbf jg sfof{no / lhNnf ljsf;
    ;ldlt aLr laafb eO{ 9'+uf, lu6L, jfn'jfsf] Aojl:yt ;+sng / /fhZj ;+sngdf c;/ kl//x]sf]
    5 . o; lhNnfsf] jg If]q eP/ aUg] k|d'v !@ j6f gbL tyf vf]nf gfnfjf6 tkl;n adf]lhdsf]
    tflnsf g+= (=^ df pNn]v eP cg';f/sf] kl/df0fdf 9'+uf ,lul6 tyf afn'jf ;+sng ug{ ;lsg]
    cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=9.6M 9'f, luL, tyf jfn'jf jflif{s ?kdf lgsfNg ;lsg] ljj/0f
    qm=;= vf]nfsf] gfd
    kl/df0f -3=ld=_ xhf/df
    9'f, luL
    jfn'jf
    ! jnfg
    !)))
    %))
    @ rflkg
    !))
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    # cdfxf
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    $ v8u
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    * dx'nL
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    ( ;'Gb/L
    !))
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    !) kf}8xf
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    #))
    !! u+ufhnL
    !%))
    %))
    !@ n+s]Zj/ vf]nf
    @))
    !))
    153

    s}lkmot

    hDdf
    $@))
    ;|f]tM lhNnf jg sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!

    #)))

    dfly pNn]lvt kl/df0f ptm vf]nfgfnf sf] :ynut lgl/If0f tyf cg'ejL JolQmx?sf] cGt/ls|of
    tyf ljut aif{x?sf] cg'ejsf] cwf/df lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 .
    dfly pNn]lvt kl/df0f ptm vf]nf gfnf sf] :ynut lgl/If0f cg'ejL JolQmx?sf] cGt/ls|of
    tyf ljut aif{x?sf] cg'ejsf] cwf/df lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 . ;/sf/4f/f Jojl:yt agaf6 aflif{s
    ?kdf lgsfNg ;lsg] sf7sf] ljj/0f ;DjGwL tYo tflnsf g+= (=& df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=+ 9.7M ;/sf/f/f Jojl:yt jgjf6 aflif{s ?kdf lgsfNg ;lsg] sf7sf] ljj/0f
    jgsf] lsl;d
    hDdf
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    @$(=^
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    @@$
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    ))
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    ))
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    hDdf
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    x:tfGgtl/t ;a} ;d'bflos jgx? af6 sf7 bfp/f pTkfbg x'g] cj:yf g/x]sf] x'bf x:tfGgtl/t
    !@& ;d'bflos jg dWo hDdf %) j6f ;d'bflos jgx? af6 sf7 bfp/f pTkfbg x'g] u/]sf] x'bf
    ;f]xL cwf/df aflifs #) xhf/ So'=lkm= sf7 tyf !)) rf bfp/f pTkfbg x'g ;sg] b]lvG5 .r'/]
    If]q sf] ;fd'bflos jg jf6 sf6 bfp/f ;+sng ubf{ ;'v8 vf8f 9nfkf/f ?vx? dfq ;+sng
    ug' sf] ;fy} hl8a'6L tyf cGo jg k}bfjf/ pTkfbg x'g] ;Defjgf Go'g /x]sf] 5 .
    o; lhNnfdf /x]sf] jg If]qsf] x}l;ot v/fa /x]sf] x'bf s ju{sf] ?vsf] dfqf Hofb} sd /x]sf] 5
    . v / u ju{sf] ?vaf6 sf7 tyf bfp/f ;+sng ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf /x]sf] x'bf ;/b/ sf7 /
    bfp/fsf] kl/df0f a/fa/L /xg uPsf] 5 ./fli6o=jgaf6 aflif{s ?kdf pTkfbg x'g ;Sg] hl8a'6L
    sf] kl/df0f tflnsf g+= (=* df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    Tfflnsf g+=9.8M /fli6o=jgaf6 aflif{s ?kdf pTkfbg x'g ;Sg] hl8a'6L sf] kl/df0f
    l;=g+=
    hft
    OsfO{
    aflif{s pTkfbg
    !
    vo/
    So"= lkm=
    )
    @
    a]n
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    154

    l;=g+=
    hft
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    lhNNff jg sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&!

    OsfO{
    lsnf]
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    aflif{s pTkfbg
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    %)
    %)

    dfly pNn]lvt kl/df0f >f]t ;j]{If0f , :yfgLo af;LGbfx? ;d'bflos jg pkef]utf ;d'x ;+u
    5nkmn , cGt/ls|of tyf utljut of]hgfsf] sfo{jog sf] cg'ej sf] cfwf/df k|:t't ul/Psf]
    5 . h8La'6L ;ng ubf{ lgDg s'/fdf Wofg lbO{g] 5 .
    r=cGo jg k}bfjf/
    o; lhNnfdf l;ldt dfqfdf hl8a'6Lx? /fli6o jgIf]qaf6 ;+sng eO{ lgsf;L x'g] u/]sf] kfO{Psf]
    5 . lghL cfjfbL, lghL jg, ;fd'bflos jgsf] vfnL klt{ hUufdf hl8a'6L v]lt u/L lgsf;L
    ul//x]sf] kfO{Psf] 5}g . o; lhNnfsf] jgIf]qaf6 sf7, bfp/f, hl8a'6L h:tf d'Vo jg k}bfjf/sf
    cltl/Qm cld|;f], afF; cfbL klg ;+sng Pj+ lgsf;L x'g] x'bfF of] rfn' sfo{of]hgfsf] cjwLdf
    lgDgfg';f/sf] u}|x sfi7 jg k}bfjf/ aflif{s ?kdf ;+sng ug{ ;lsg] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 -tflnsf
    g+= (=(_ .
    tflnsf g+=9.9M cGo jg k}bfj/ ;+sngsf] ;+efJotf
    qm=;+=

    jg k}bfjf/sf] hft

    O{sfO{

    aflif{s ?kdf ;+sng


    ug{ ;lsg] kl/df0f
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    s}lkmot

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    sf] cwf/df lg/wf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 .
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    ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Stf ;d'xx?


    ;Kt/LlhNNffdf cf=j )^*)^( ;Dddf hDdf !@* j6f ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Stf ;d"xx? !@^$$^ hg;FVof ;d]l6Psf]_ u7g eO{ lt ;d"xx?nfO{ !&$$!=^* x]S6/ jg If]q ;+/If0f,
    Joj:yfkg ug{ x:tfGt/0f e} ;s]sf] 5 . o;af6 #!@&% 3/w'/L nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ .
    ;fd'bflos ag ;DjGwL cfjZos ljj/0f tflnsf g+= (=!) df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

    155

    tflnsf g+=9.10M ;fd'bflos ag ;DjGwL ljj/0f

    cd
    xf

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    qm=;=

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    #/w'/L
    ;+Vof

    hDdf hg
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    600.2

    74

    304

    139.37

    301

    1180

    bf}ntk'/ 3,4,5,6

    86.3

    304

    1443

    k+rsGof

    klZrdlkk/f 8,9

    413.9

    170

    897

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    xlb{of 1,2,3

    65.1

    259

    1295

    nIfdL k'/

    bf}nt k'/ 1,2

    76.5

    34280

    1290

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    xlb{of 5

    72.7

    164

    698

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    21.53

    65

    365

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    =

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    199.51

    378

    2066

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    197.8

    314

    1650

    11

    11

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    188

    38

    177

    12

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    102.3

    42

    242

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    bf}ntk'/ 3

    197.2

    148

    808

    2360.41

    2468

    12415

    14

    ky/jf

    s'zxf 3,4

    43.37

    207

    600

    15

    ;'?f

    s'zxf 1,2

    309.6

    224

    1200

    16

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    dnxgdf 2

    1.5

    63

    387

    17

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    l^s'lnof

    60.42

    302

    1213

    18

    xl/k'/ 7,8

    17.58

    249

    1479

    19

    s'zxf 9

    43.25

    98

    600

    20

    dw'kL 4,5

    221.6

    138

    813

    21

    z'vnfxL

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    256.83

    153

    337

    22

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    13.11

    102

    649

    23

    10

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    104

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    484

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    16.68

    33

    397

    1087.94

    1653

    8159

    106.4

    127

    1200

    25

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    156

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    131.6

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    503

    27

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    24.2

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    235.4

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    133.8

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    303.7

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    294

    327

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    353

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    145.5

    103

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    101.7

    141

    767

    42

    ;/xf;s
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    95.35

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    533

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    65

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    67

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    109.14

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    235.6

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    52

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    126.25

    88

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    165

    445

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    211.3

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    94.47

    317

    1708

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    109.95

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    102

    530

    951.97

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    454.5

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    826

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    262.7

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    556

    65

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    221.13

    373

    1884

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    175.7

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    213.47

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    68

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    153.8

    64

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    175.8

    110

    636

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    63.8

    47

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    31.5

    32

    201

    72

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    195.6

    177

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    372

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    120.5

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    323

    78

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    17

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    200

    79

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    81.8

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    912

    80

    ;nx];

    js#'jf 7,8,9

    162.5

    183

    868

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    42.18

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    82

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    69.54

    115

    637

    83

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    158.9

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    117

    124

    637

    86

    11

    b]jL vf]nf

    &]lnof 1

    60.4

    111

    645

    87

    12

    :j?k y'dsL

    &]lnof 2

    99

    71

    434

    88

    13

    &]lnof 3

    77.9

    128

    786

    89

    14

    153.1

    78

    402

    90

    15

    %qdxfg

    js#'jf 1,2

    149

    133

    871

    91

    16

    jfjfhL
    ;bfo

    js#'jf 5,7

    118

    142

    649

    92

    17

    s'GtL dfO{

    js#'jf 7

    89.2

    80

    439

    93

    18

    &]lnof dfO{

    &]lnof 4

    27.89

    129

    727

    94

    19

    jfjf
    j/v)*L

    nf]xh/f 4,9

    51.9

    324

    1728

    95

    20

    &fs'/ jfjf

    nf]xhf/f 1,5

    61.91

    434

    2390

    96

    21

    sdnf
    dlxnf

    js#'jf 8

    11.74

    53

    345

    97

    22

    jh/jnL

    js#'jf 5

    9.53

    35

    226

    98

    23

    hgsNofg

    js#'jf 2

    149

    133

    871

    2021.59

    2892

    16090

    463.91

    294

    1598

    lqj])FL
    ;f=jg
    uf}/L
    s'GtfdfO{

    js#'jf 7

    If]qkmn

    #/w'/L
    ;+Vof

    hDdf hg
    ;+Vof

    99

    kf}*Fxf
    b]]p/fnL

    ?Kfgu/ 1,2

    100

    lji)F'

    ?kfgu/ 5,6,8,9

    35.25

    251

    1582

    101

    wf/f kfgL

    ?kgu/ 3,4,7

    373.5

    221

    1349

    102

    lgs'/
    l^s'/L

    ?kgu/ 3,4,7

    269.2

    164

    885

    159

    u+ufhnL

    jnfb{x

    /]~h kf]i^sf]
    gfd

    ;fd'bflos
    jgsf] gfd

    ;fd'bflos jgsf]
    ^]ufgf

    ;'Gb/L

    w/d k'/ 8

    443.1

    123

    661

    104

    lgs'l/
    xfltn]^

    ?kgu/ 1

    207.9

    204

    1078

    105

    b]jL b]p/fnL

    w/d k'/ 1,5

    118.1

    461

    1319

    106

    dw]nfn

    &]lnof 7,8,9

    266.3

    252

    1692

    107

    sl*of

    ?kgu/ 6

    55.4

    149

    810

    108

    10

    u+uf uf}/L

    &]lnof 6

    78.79

    121

    529

    109

    11

    d}gf %*sf

    ?kgu/ 4

    91

    96

    445

    110

    12

    ufO{ uf]&

    w/dk'/ 7,9

    54.48

    184

    1002

    111

    13

    led km]bL

    ?kgu/ 5

    69.61

    169

    862

    112

    14

    j}t/gL

    ?kgu/ 6

    45.19

    143

    622

    113

    15

    j] vf]nf

    w/d k'/ 8

    66.11

    95

    469

    114

    16

    rGb|gx/

    j/dlemof 1,9

    92.8

    9254

    9254

    2730.64

    12181

    24157

    138

    300

    1829

    qm=;=

    gDj/

    103

    If]qkmn

    #/w'/L
    ;+Vof

    hDdf hg
    ;+Vof

    115

    lzjkfj{tL

    #f]#g k'/ 5,6

    116

    uf]//fhf

    #f]#g k'/ 3

    127.7

    444

    2506

    117

    j]Nxf b]jL

    sdn k'/ 6

    95.3

    137

    823

    118

    u|fld)F
    ljsf;

    sdn k'/ 7

    132.7

    160

    832

    119

    b]jL vf]nf

    sdn k'/ 9

    108

    72

    408

    120

    df+ z/bfgL{

    sdn k'/ 8

    49.5

    66

    387

    121

    #f]kf vf]]nf

    k'j{ lkk/f 1,2,4

    116.7

    213

    1262

    767.9

    1392

    8047

    122

    /Qmdfnf

    kmQ]k'/ 3

    374.5

    662

    1506

    123

    k|;fxf

    kmQ]k'/ 1,2

    303.31

    209

    1103

    124

    u+ufhnL

    kmQ]k'/ 9

    294.96

    235

    1500

    125

    jnfb{x

    kmQ]k'/ 7,8

    149.6

    383

    2174

    126

    r'/]

    cf]b|fxf 6,7

    126.51

    367

    1958

    127

    emf*Lv)*

    kmQ]k'/ 1,2

    155

    201

    808

    1403.88

    2057

    9049

    17841.7

    31275

    126446

    s"n hDdf

    ;|f]t M lhNnf ag sfof{no, ;Kt/L, @)&! c;f/ .


    160

    ;fd'bflos jgx?n] cf=j=@)^(&) df d;fnf, l;;f}, asfO{gf], udxfO{/, vo/ / l;dn


    nufotsf d"Vo k|hftLsf lj?jfx? sl/j @) x]S6/ hldgdf a[Iff/f]k0f u/]sf] kfO{G5 .
    lghL jgx?sf] ljj/0f
    o; lhNnfdf xfn ;Dd hDdf ^) j6f gLlh jgx? /x]sf 5g\ . h;n] #)=&* x]S6/ If]qkmn
    cf]u6]sf] 5 . btf{ ePsf] lghL jgsf] If]qkmn o; lhNnfdf ePsf lghL jg If]qkmnsf]
    t'ngfdf guGo dfqf xf] . tyfkL o; lhNnfdf lghL jgn] lhNnfsf] jg k}bfjf/sf]
    cfjZostfsf] () k|ltzt eGbf dflysf] of]ubfg lbPsf] 5 eg] o;n] ls;fgsf] cfo cfh{gdf
    klg pNn]Vo of]ubfg k'ofPsf] 5 . jg sfo{nodf ePsf] clen]v cg';f/ cf=j= ^(&) df
    #(@&$ 3g lkm6 sf7 lhNnf aflx/ lgsf;L ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu :yfgGt/0f Ohfht lnPsf]
    b]lvG5 . ;fy} lhNnf leqsf] vkt nueu o;sf] kfFr u'0f ePsf] cg'dfg lhNNff jg sfo{nosf]
    /x]sf] 5 . gLlh jg nufpgsf] nflu lhNnf jg sfo{noaf6 jflif{s nueu & nfv lj?jf ljt/0f
    ePsf] 5 . o; af6 s] b]lvG5 eg] e"dL pTkfbsTj 36\b} hfg', slifsf] nufgL a9\b} hfg', o"jf
    ljb]z hfg' cflb sf/0fn] lghL jg k|ltsf] cfsif{0f a9\bf] 5 . lhNnf jg sfo{no / lhNnf e"
    ;+/If0f sfo{noaf6 jflif{s &,%),))) lj?jf ljt/0f e} /x]sf] 5 eg] lghL If]qaf6 o;sf] tLg
    u'0ff lj?jf cfk'lt{ e}/x]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] ljt/0f ug]{ lj?jf lgz'Ns dfq xf]Og k|f]T;fxg /sdsf]
    klg Joj:yf 5 . jg k|zf;g;Fu ;DjlGwt ;+u7gfTds Joj:yf ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= (=!!
    df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
    lhNnfsf] jg If]qsf] ;+/If0f, ;Daw{g tyf a}1flgs Joj:yfkgsf] nflu o; lhNnfdf lhNnf jg
    sfof{no ;lxtsf] Pp6f jg k|zf;g k|0ffnL /x]sf] 5 . lhNnf jg sfof{no cGtu{t /x]sf
    /]~hkf]i6x? tflnsf g+= (=!! df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=9.11Mjg k|zf;g;+u ;DalGwt ;+u7gfTds Joj:yf
    qm=;+=
    /]~hkf]i6
    sfo{If]qdf kg]{ uflj;x
    hDdf;+Vof
    1 bf}ntk'/
    xlb{of,lkk|fk'j{,cf]b|fxf
    $
    2 s'zxf
    jg/em'nf, ,dw'k6L
    @
    3 cdxf
    vf]hk'/, k+;]/f
    @
    4 sNofgk'/
    sNofgk'/
    !
    5 s7f}gf
    e+uxf,df]xgk'/,
    @
    6 z+De'gfy
    vf]S;/ k|jfxf,z+e'gfy,/fok'/
    #
    7 l;tfk'/,
    l;tfk'/,t]/xf}tf
    @
    8 h08f}n
    h08f}n,k|ZjgL
    @
    9 dx'nL
    jsw'jf
    !
    10 ?kgu/,
    ?kgu/, w/dk'/,7]lnof
    #
    11 jnfb{x
    hutk'/, w/dk'/,jnfb{x,wf]wgk'/
    $
    12 u+ufhnL
    $
    kmQ]k'/,cf]b|fxf,lkk|k'j{,sdnk'/,
    ;|f]tM lhNnf jg sfof{Nfo, ;Kt/L, @)&)
    161

    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf ag ljsf; ug'{ kg]{ If]q ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= (=!@ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5
    .
    tflnsf g+=9.12Mjg ljsf; ug'{kg]{ If]qx?
    qm=;+= uflj;
    1

    j[Iff/f]k0f ug'kg]{
    If]qkmn -x]=_

    ;Defljt k|hftLx?

    50

    d;fnf,l;;f},jsfO{gf],udxfO{/,vo/,l;dn

    vf]hk'/,sNofgk'/,df]xgk'/,/fok'/,
    h08f}n,?kgu/,wf]wgk'/,kmQ]k'/

    ;|f]tM lhNnf jg sfof{Nfo, ;Kt/L, @)&!


    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf uflj;ut / gu/kflnsfut ;ldn ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= (=!# df pNn]v
    ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=9.13M ;ldnsf] uflj;ut / gu/kflnsfut ljj/0f
    qm=;+=
    uflj;
    ;+Vof
    /f]huf/ ;+Vof
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13

    kmQ]k'/
    cf]b|fxf
    w/dk'/
    ef/bx
    jbufdf
    /fhlj/fh
    /fok'/
    k|ZjgL
    e+uxf
    sNofgk'/
    s'zxf
    lkk|fklZrd
    xlb{of
    hDdf

    2
    1
    6
    1
    1
    7
    1
    1
    1
    2
    7
    1
    1
    34

    16
    8
    88
    7
    7
    90
    7
    8
    8
    15
    90
    8
    8
    360

    ;|f]tM lhNNffag sfof{Nfo, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{no / /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsf, @)&!
    (=$=! /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ / u/LjL lgjf/0fdf of]ubfg
    lhNnf jg sfof{non] tof/ u/]sf] jg Aoa:yfkg sfo{of]hgfdf ;dfa]z ul/Psf sfo{qmdx?
    h:t} g;{/L lgdf{0f, la?jf pTkfbg, jg ;Da4{gsf sfo{x? -s6fgL, 56fgL, jg ky
    lgdf{0fdd{t, jg k}bfjf/ ;+sng tyf Aoa:yfkg cfbL_ sfo{qmdaf6 sl/j @ nfv>dlbg
    df};dL / u}Xsfi7 jg k}bfjf/ v]tL, k|zf]wg, Aoa:yfkg ;DjGwL tflnd, uf]li7, jg pBd
    ;+rfng, ;'/fls kl/rfng cfbL h:tf lqmofsnfkx?af6 !)) hgfn] dfl;s Hofnfbf/Ldf
    /f]huf/ kfpg] b]lvG5 . ljleGg ejg lgdf{0f tyf dd{t ;+ef/ cfbL sfo{af6 @))) >dlbg
    a/fa/sf] /f]huf/L l;h{gf x'g] b]lvG5 . o;af6 ;DalGwt hgtfsf] cfo:t/ a[l4 eO{ ;fdfhLs
    162

    tyf cfly{s cj:yfdf ;'wf/ cfpg] / lhNnfdf a9\bf] u/LaL tyf a]/f]huf/Lsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg
    ug{df s]xL xb ;Dd 6]jf k'Ug] 5 .
    s] slt kl/df0fdf jg If]qn] ->dlbg_ /f]huf/ >[hgf x'G5 eGg] s'/f osLgsf;fy tf]Sg] s'g}
    cfwf/ gePsf] ;Gbe{df osLg ug{ ufx|f] ePklg laleGg cfwf/xnfO{ lnP/ cg'dfg u/]/
    oltplt >dbfgsf] >[hgf ug{;S5 eGg] tYof lgsfNg ;lsg] cj:yf eg] /x]sf] 5 . /f]huf/Lsf]
    cj;/sf] cg'dfg ubf{ d'VotofM jg k}bfjf/ -sf7 tyf jghGo k}bfjf/, h:t} 9'f, luL, jfn'jf
    cflb_ ;+sng tyf laqmL ljt/0f ubf{ >[hgf x'g] /f]huf/, ;fd'bflos jgsf] jg sfo{of]hgf
    jdf]lhd ;Dkfbg ul/g] jg ;Daw{gsf sfo{x ubf{ >[hgf x'g] /f]huf/, ljsf; sfo{ / ljsf;
    lgdf{0f ubf{ >[hgf x'g] /f]huf/, jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t n3' pBf]u tyf kmlg{r/xsf] ;+rfng
    x'Fbf >[hgf x'g] /f]huf/, u}x|sfi7 jg k}bfjf/ tyf h8La'6Lxsf] ;+sng, laqmL ljt/0f / ltgdf
    cfwfl/t pBf]usf] ;+rfngaf6 x'g] /f]huf/sf] >[hgf, vf]6f] ;+sng tyf vf]6f]df cfwfl/t pBf]u
    ;+rfngaf6 >[lht /f]huf/ tyf g;{/L ;+rfng / ;d"xn] ;fd'bflos jgsf] ;+/If0fsf] nflu
    x]/fn'sf] kdf jgkfn]sf] >[hgf u/L /f]huf/ lbPsf] cflbnfO{ klg cfwf/sf] kdf lng ;lsG5 .
    t;y{ sfo{of]hgfdf pNn]lvt laleGg sfo{qmdx sfof{Gjogsf k|s[ofdf hfFbf k|ltjif{ lgDg
    cg';f/sf] /f]huf/ ->dlbg_ >[hgf x'g] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 .
    (=%u|fld0f jftfj/0f l:ylt
    lhNNff e";+/If0f sfof{Nfo ;Kt/Lsf cg';f/ e";+/If0f ;DjGwL ljut kfFr jif{df ;DkGg ePsf
    d'Vo d'Vo sfo{x? b]xfoadf]lhd tflnsf g+= (=!$ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=9.14 M e";+/If0f ;DaGwL d'Vo d'Vo sfo{x? -ljut %jif{sf]_
    qm=;=
    065
    066

    sfo{qmd

    ;+Vof

    jfof]O{lGh= vf]nf lsgf/ ;+/If)f


    gbL psf; hUuf ;+/If)f ;b'kof]u
    ;+/If)f kf]v/L Kofs]h sfo{s|d
    ;lj{ If]q ;'bf/ Pjd\ ljsf; sfo{s|d
    l;+rfO{ s'nf] ;+/If)f
    v]taf/L ;+/If)f
    Iflt u|:t e"dL k'gM?Tyfg
    kmnkm'n#f;hl*a'l^ lj?jf ljt/)f
    kfgL d"xfg ;+/If)f
    lj?jf pTkGgljt/)f -xhf/df_
    ljkGg ju{sf] nfuL cfod"ns ;+/If)f sfo{s|d
    ;fem]bf/L e";+/IF)f sfo{s|d

    163

    2 ls=ld=
    4 ;d"x
    3 :yfg
    1 :yfg
    15 ls=ld=
    8 x]S^/
    5 x]S^/
    2 ;d"x
    1 uf]^F
    50 uf]^F
    30 #/w'/L
    6 :yfg

    ;+/If)f ePsf]
    hnfwf/ If]q

    rflkg,
    kmflk,
    b]jwf/, b'w}nf,
    #f]*bx,
    lzz'jf/L
    pkhnfwf/
    If]qx?

    If]qkmn

    12 x]S^/
    8 x]S^/
    4 x]S^/
    1 x]S^/
    20 x]S^/
    8 x]S^/
    5 x]S^/
    5 x]S^/
    20 x]S^/
    2 x]S^/
    6 x]S^/

    qm=;=

    sfo{qmd

    ;+Vof

    066. 067 jfof]O{lGh= vf]nf lsgf/ ;+/If)f

    ;+/If)f kf]v/L;j]{ If]q tfn tn}of ;+/If)f


    gbL psf; hUuf ;+/If)f ;b'kof]u
    l;+rfO{ s"nf] ;+/IF)F
    s[lif jg d}lq v]tjf/L ;+/If)f
    Iflt u|:t e"dL k'gM?Tyfg
    kfgL d"xfg ;+/If)f
    kmnkm'n#f; lj?jf ljt/)f
    lj?jf pTkGgljt/)f -xhf/df_
    ljkGg ju{sf] nfuL cfod"ns sfo{s|d
    ;fem]bf/L e';+/IF)f sfo{s|d
    067. 068 uN%L pkrf/

    jfof]O{lGh= vf]nf lsgf/ ;+/If)f


    kfgL d"xfg ;+/If)f s'jf pTvgg
    ;+/If)f kf]v/L;j]{ If]q tfn tn}of ;+/If)f
    /g ckm xfe]{li^ *\ofd
    s[lif jg d}lq v]tjf/L ;+/If)f
    Iflt u|:t e"dL k'gM?Tyfg
    gbL psf; hUuf ;+/If)f ;b'kof]u
    kmnkm'n#f; lj?jf ljt/)f
    ljkGg ju{sf] nfuL cfod"ns sfo{s|d
    lj?jf pTkGgljt/)f
    l;+rfO{ s"nf] ;+/IF)F
    ;fem]bf/L e";+/IF)f sfo{s|d
    068. 069 uN%L pkrf/

    jfof]O{lGh= vf]nf lsgf/ ;+/If)f


    kfgL d"xfg ;+/If)f s'jf pTvgg
    ;+/If)f kf]v/L;j]{ If]q tfn tn}of ;+/If)f
    s[lif jg d}lq v]tjf/L ;+/If)f
    Iflt u|:t e"dL k'gM?Tyfg
    gbL psf; hUuf ;+/If)f Pjd\ ;b'kof]u
    kmnkm'n#f; lj?jf ljt/)f
    lj?jf pTkGgljt/)f -xhf/df_
    ;+rfO{ s"nf] ;+/IF)F
    ;fem]bf/L e" ;+/IF)f sfo{s|d
    ;+/If)f cleofg r'/]b]lv 10 uHhf ;Dd
    ljkGg ju{sf] nfuL cfod"ns sfo{s|d
    ;+/If)f ^\]lGr *fOe;{g afw lgdf{)f
    k|fs[lts k|sf]k /f]syfd-/g ckm xfe]{li^ *\ofd_

    164

    ;+/If)f ePsf]
    hnfwf/ If]q

    8 ls=ld=
    4 :yfg
    8 ;d"x
    4 ls=ld=
    10 x]S^/
    10 x]S^/
    4 uf]^f
    15 ;d"x
    50 uf]^f
    80 #/w'/L
    6 :yfg

    ;Gb/L,
    v*u,
    vf*f],
    lzz'jf/L,
    b'w}nf,
    kmfkL,
    b]jwf/,
    dx'nL
    vf]nf,
    dx'nL,
    #f]/bx
    pkhnfwf/
    If]qx?

    1uf]^f
    7 ls=ld=
    8 uf]^
    7 uf]^f
    2 uf]^f
    10 x]S^/
    7 x]S^/
    7 ;d"x
    15 ;d"x
    100 #w'
    40 xhf/
    4 ls=ld=
    11 :yfg

    #f]*bx, kmfkL,
    b]jwf/,
    lzz'jf/L,
    b'w}nf, ;'Gb/L,
    vf*f]
    pkhnfwf/
    If]qx?

    1 uf]^f
    8 ls=ld=
    3 uf]^f
    9 :yfg
    10 x]S^/
    10 x]S^/
    6 ;d"x
    15 ;d"x
    50 uf]^f
    5 ls=ld=
    8 uf]^f
    1 Kofs]h
    80 #/w'/L
    2 :yfg
    3 :yfg

    dx'nL, ;'Gb/L,
    kmfkL,
    rflkg,
    vf*f],
    kf}*f,
    #f]/bx,
    cd;f]b, dx'nL
    vf]nf,
    b'w}nf
    vf]nf
    pkhnfwf/
    IF]qx?

    If]qkmn

    97 x]S^/
    31.2 x]S^/
    60 x]S^/
    50 x]S^/
    16 x]S^/
    10 x]S^/
    2 x]S^/
    15 x]S^/
    20 x]S^/
    15.4
    x]S^/
    20 x]S^/
    3 x]S^/
    20 x]S^/
    2 x]S^/
    20 x]S^/
    5 x]S^/
    10 x]S^/
    15 x]S^/
    69=5x]S^/
    16 x]S^/
    8 x]S^/
    16 x]S^/
    410
    x]S^/
    40 x]S^/
    10 x]S^/
    60 x]S^/
    3 x]S^/
    16=5
    x]S^/
    10 x]S^/
    10 x]S^/
    37 x]S^/
    15 x]S^/
    16 x]S^/
    225 x]S^/
    45 x]S^/
    37 x]S^/
    4 x]S^/
    65 x]S^/
    26 x]S^/

    qm=;=

    069.
    070

    sfo{qmd

    ;+Vof

    uN%L klx/f] pkrf/


    jfof]O{lGh= vf]nf lsgf/ ;+/If)f
    kfgL d"xfg ;+/If)f s'jf pTvgg
    ;+/If)f kf]v/L;j]{ If]q tfn tn}of ;+/If)f
    s[lif jg d}lq v]tjf/L ;+/If)f
    Iflt u|:t e"dL k'gM?Tyfg
    gbL psf; hUuf ;+/If)f Pjd\ ;b'kof]u
    kmnkm'n#f; lj?jf ljt/)f
    lj?jf pTkGgljt/)f -xhf/df_
    ;+rfO{ s"nf] ;+/IF)F
    ;fem]bf/L e" ;+/IF)f sfo{s|d
    ;fgf hnfwf/ k|bz{g ljsf; Pjd\ Jo= Kofs]h
    sfo{s|d sf]zL a]l;g
    ljkGg ju{sf] nfuL cfod"ns sfo{s|d
    ;+/If)f ^\]lGr *fOe;{g afw lgdf{)f
    /]gkmn tyf /g ckm xfe]{li^ *\ofd

    hDDff

    2 uf]^f
    5 ls=ld=
    1 uf]^f
    6 uf]^f
    10 x]S^/
    10 x]S^/
    10 ;d'x
    15 ;d'x
    50 uf]^f
    3 ls=ld=
    5 :yfg
    1 :yfg
    40 #/w'/L
    1 :yfg
    2 uf]^f

    ;+/If)f ePsf]
    hnfwf/ If]q

    bfg/
    vf]nf,
    lzz'jf/L,
    anfg, ;'Gb/L,
    dx'nL,
    kf}*f
    vf]nf,
    vf*f],
    u+ufhnL, kmfkL
    vf]nf
    pkhnfwf/
    If]qx?

    If]qkmn

    10 x]S^/
    23 x]S^/
    8=5 x]S^/
    10 x]S^/
    10 x]S^/
    31 x]S^/
    15=2x]S^
    20 x]S^/
    125 x]S^/
    16 x]S^/
    15 x]S^/
    1 x]S^/
    2 x]S^/
    5 x]S^/
    1962.10
    x]=

    ;|f]tM lhNNff e";+/If0f sfof{Nfo, ;Kt/L, @)&!


    (=%=! lhNnfsf] k|d'v ;\s6f;Ggtf
    ljkb\sf] b[li6sf]0fn] ;Kt/L lhNnf klg hf]lvddf /x]sf] lhNnf xf] . vf; u/L ljleGg glbx?af6
    x'g] s6fg / e"Ifo o; lhNnfsf d"Vo jftfj/0fLo ;d:ofx? x'g eGg ;lsG5 . tflnsf g+= df
    lbOPsf] e"Ifo jf s6fgsf k|d'v sf/0fx? / o;af6 k|efljt uflj;x?n] o; s'/fsf] k'li6 ub{5
    .e"Ifos6fgsf sf/0f k|efljt uflj;x?sf] ljj/0f tflnsf g+= (=!% df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=9.15Me"Ifo s6fgsf sf/0f k|efljt uflj;x?M
    qm=;=
    !
    @
    #
    $
    %=
    ^=
    &

    e"Ifosf sf/0f
    k|efljt uf=lj=;=x?
    r'/] If]qdf x'g] jg ljgf; kmQ]k'/, w/dk'/, e+uxf, xlb{of, sdnk'/, 7]lnof, sNof0fk'/,
    / e":vng
    lkk|fklZrd, 3f]3gk'/, asw'jf, vf]hk'/, ?kgu/, h08f}n, l;tfk'/,
    gsl6/fok'/, vf]S;/k|jfxf, s'zxf, dw'kl6, bf}ntk'/
    sf]zLgbLaf6 x'g] s6fg
    cf]b|fxf, sdnk'/,3f]3gk'/, lkk|fk"j hutk'/, abufdf, a}/jf, kf]tf{xf,
    ef/bx, hf]lulgofF !, @, uf]j/uf9f, xg'dfggu/ O{g?jf, sf]a/;fO{g /
    /Dk'/f dlNxlgofF
    lqo'ufaf6 x'g] s6fg
    kmQ]k'/ / cf]b|fxf
    ;'Gb/L vf]nfaf6 x'g] s6fg w/dk'/, 7]lnof, ?kgu/, a/dlemof
    dx'nL vf]nfaf6 x'g] s6fg asw'jf, nf]xh/f, 7]lnof, h08f}n, d}gfs8]/L, lqsf}n, a/dlemof,
    a}/jf, kf]tf{xf,
    vfF8f] vf]nfaf6 x'g] s6fg vf]S;/ k|jfxf, gs6L /fok'/, t]/xf}tf, a;lj6L, xl/x/k'/, lb3jf,
    ks/L, /fhlj/fh !), dxb]jf, km;}{7, b]p/Le?jf, aegufdfs6L,
    lj;xl/of, nf}lgofF, ltnf7L, , ;s/k'/f, nfnfk6L
    v8s vf]nfaf6 x'g] s6fg ag/e'mnf, sNof0fk'/, d}gf;x;|jfx', g]+u\8f, Og?jf k'mnjl/of,
    165

    af]b]a/;fO{g, agf}nL, dfg/fhf, sljnf;f, v8sk'/, kftf], t/xL,


    cf}/xL, e"txL
    lkk|fklZrd, xlb{of, bf}ntk'/, dw'k6L, xl/k'/, dnxgdf, l6s'lnof,
    k6]jf{, dnxlgof, df}x'jf, j]NxL,
    a;njnk'/, zDe'gfy, kTy/uf9f, cgf{xf, udxl/of, k|jfxf
    s6}of, kTy/uf9f, j]NxL rk]gf, g3f]{
    hd'gLdw]k'/f, dn]sk'/, af]l/of, l;d|xfl;Uof}g, O6x/L lj;gk'/,
    l5Ggd:tf
    /fhlj/fh g=kf=, lj;xl/of, O{6x/L lj;gk'/

    anfg vf]nfaf6 x'g] s6fg

    (
    !)
    !!

    sh/f vf]nfaf6 x'g] s6fg


    d'tgL vf]nfaf6 x'g] s6fg
    3f]8bx vf]nfaf6 x'g]
    s6fg
    en'jfxL vf]nfaf6 x'g]
    s6fg
    u+ufhnL vf]nfaf6 x'g] sdnk'/, cf]b|fxf, 3f]3gk'/
    s6fg
    lhtf vf]nfaf6 x'g] s6fg aegufdfs6L, xg'dfggu/, Og?jf, sf]=a/;fO{g, /Dk'/fdNxlgof,
    sf]O{nf8L
    ;'/+uf vf]nfaf6 x'g] s6fg s';xf, xl/k'/, l6s'lnof, k6]jf{
    Kf}f8f vf]nfaf6 x'g] s6fg 3f]3gk'/, lkk|fk"j{
    ljx'n vf]nfaf6 x'g] s6fg k6]jf{, dNxlgofF, /fdgu/, /f}tx6
    kfFrL vf]nfaf6 x'g] s6fg a;jnk'/, /fdk'/, hd'jf, cgf{xf, agf}nL, sljnf;f, kftf]
    cdxf vf]nfaf6 x'g] s6fg k+;]/f, dnxgjf, k6]jf{, dnxlgof, ag/e'mnf, l;:jfj]NxL

    !@
    !#
    !$
    !%
    !^
    !&
    !*
    !(

    ;|f]tM lhNnf hf]lvd kfZj{lrq, ;Kt/L, @)&) -ck|sflzt_


    (=%=@ ljkbsf] P]ltxfl;s ;do /]vf
    ;d'bfonfO{ To; uflj;df ljut %) jif{ b]lv s'g s'g ljkbsf 36gfx? 36] / To;n] sfxf+ slt
    Iflt u/of] egL ;f]lwPsf] / d'Vo d'Vo ljkbsf 36gfx? dfq o;df /flvPsf] 5 . lj:t[t ljj/0f
    uflj;af6 ;+sng ul/Psf] ;"rgfdf /x]sf] 5 . ljkb\sf] P]ltxfl;s ;do /]vf ;DjGwL hfgsf/L
    tflnsf g++= (=!^ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=9.16M ljkb\sf] P]ltxfl;s ;do /]vf
    qm=
    ;+=
    !

    jif{

    k|sf]k

    @)%*

    cfunfuL

    jf]w] j;f{Og

    @)^*

    v8]/L

    ,,

    @)^@

    af9L

    dn]7

    @)$%

    e"sDk

    dn]7,
    dwjfk'/,

    uflj;

    j8fg+

    Ifltsf] ljj/0f1

    !# 3/ hn]sf] ! e};Lsf] d[To' / !) nfv


    j/fj/sf] Iflt
    ;j} j8f % s/f]8sf] cGgjfnL gi6 ePsf] / ef]sd/L
    ePsf]
    ( d'l:nd gx?sf] k'n Iflt, !) lj3f hldg gi6 / !
    6f]n
    s/f]8 eGbf a9L Iflt
    hUb/L
    ;j} j8f #)% 3/ Iflt, %) j6f jf]l/8= gi6, %)
    nfv j/fj/sf] Iflt

    d[To', 3fOt], Iflt u|:t 3/, afnLgfnL, k|efljt kl/jf/, lj:yflkt kl/jf/, Iflt ePsf] ef}lts ;DklQ
    ?= Ifltu|:t v]tLof]Uo e"ld cGo ;fdflhs k|efj_

    166

    qm=
    ;+=

    jif{

    k|sf]k

    uflj;
    lqsf}n====

    @)^^

    h+unL hgfj/ hutk'/


    cfqmd0f

    @)%%

    v8]/L

    /f}tx6

    &

    @)$^

    cfunfuL

    abufdf

    @)&)

    af9L

    a/dlemof

    hgfj/
    cfqmd0f

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    !)

    @)%)
    b]lv
    jif]{gL
    @)$%

    cfunfuL

    z+e"gfy

    !!
    !@

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    @)%$

    lztnx/
    cfunfuL

    sljnf;f
    ;f/:j/

    !#

    @)^(

    lztnx/

    hf]lulgof @

    !$

    @)^(

    h+unL hgfj/ 3f]3gk'/

    !%

    @)^(

    v8]/L

    l;:jf j]NxL

    !^

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    cfunfuL

    aygfxf

    !&
    !*

    @)$)
    @)^^

    cfunfuL
    x'/Ljtf;

    cf}/xL
    ag}lgof

    !(

    wgu9L

    @!

    @)$* v8]/L
    / @)^(
    @)^$ / v8]/L
    @)&)
    @)$$ af9L

    @@

    @)%^

    af9L

    @#

    @)^&

    lztnx/

    O6x?
    lj;gk'/
    vf]hk'/

    @)

    sfrg
    b]p/Le?jf

    j8fg+

    Ifltsf] ljj/0f1

    @)) 3/ Iflt, %) lj3f hldg / !@ nfv


    j/fj/sf] wgdfn Iflt
    ;j} j8f ! hgfsf] d[To' @ hgf 3fOt] / ;of} lj3f
    hldgfdf nufPsf] jfnfLgfnL gi6 / !)
    nfv j/fj/sf] Iflt
    ;j} j8f %)) lj3f hldgdf nufOPsf] cGgjfnL
    gi6, ! s/f]8 eGbf dflysf] Iflt / ef]sd/L
    *
    #% 3/ kl/jf/sf] *) 3/ hn]sf] / ? $)
    nfv j/fj/sf] Iflt
    !,@, & / !) j6f 3/ aufPsf], %) lj3f hldg gi6,
    *
    %) kz' d/]sf] nfvf}sf] Iflt
    ;j} j8f jif]{gL %) 3/ eTsfpg] / cGg tyf gub]
    jfnL gi6
    l;/s''hf/L @)) 3/ hn]sf] / nfvf}sf] wgdfn gi6
    ePsf], kz'x? d/]sf]
    ;j} j8f & hgfsf] d[To' ;of} 3/ kl/jf/ k|efljt
    *
    @ hgfsf] d[To', !%) 3/ hn]sf], $% nfv
    j/fj/sf] cfly{s Iflt
    ;j} j8f # hgfsf] d[To', @) nfv eGbf j9Lsf]
    cGgjfnL gi6
    $
    ! hgf dflg;sf] d[To' / 3/ x? eTsfPsf]
    nfvf}sf] Iflt
    ;j} j8f nufPsf] jfnL ;j} gi6 ePsf], ;d'bfodf
    ef]sd/L ePsf]
    $
    %) 3/ hn]sf] @)) dg wfg, %) kz'x?,
    @)) k/]jf / dflg;x? lj/fdL ePsf]
    cf}/xL
    ^% 3/ hn]sf], s/f]8f}sf] wgdfn gi6 ePsf]
    ;j} j8f @) 3/sf] 5fgf p8fPsf], ?v / jf+;x?
    9n]sf] / nfvf}sf] Iflt
    ;j} j8f nufPsf] jfnL ;j} gi6 ePsf], ;d'bfodf
    ef]sd/L ePsf]
    ;j} j8f nufPsf] jfnL ;j} gi6 ePsf], ;d'bfodf
    ef]sd/L ePsf] / s/f]8f}sf] Iflt
    #, $, %, @)) 3/ eTs]sf], ! hgf jflnsfsf] d[To',
    ^
    ^) kz'x? d/]sf], #) lj3f v]tLof]Uo hldg
    gi6 / # s/f]8 j/fj/sf] Iflt
    ^, & / ( ^)) lj3f hUuf Iflt, wfgjfnL gi6 / s/f]8
    eGbf j9Lsf] cfly{s Iflt
    $/%
    @ hgf dflg; d/]sf], $%) ljufxfdf
    nufPsf] cGgjfnL gi6,
    167

    qm=
    ;+=
    @$

    jif{

    k|sf]k

    @)#@

    dfxfdf/L

    nf}lgof

    ;j}

    @%

    @)$#

    dfxfdf/L

    a/xL lj/k'/

    ;j} j8f

    uflj;

    j8fg+

    Ifltsf] ljj/0f1
    !)) 3/w'/L k|efljt ePsf], $) hgfsf] d[To'
    ePsf] / $) hgf lj/fdL ePsf]
    !) hgfsf] d[To' %)) 3/ kl/jf/ k|efljt

    ;|f]tM lhNnf hf]lvd kfZj{lrq, ;Kt/L, @)&) -ck|sflzt_


    (=%=# e'slDko hf]lvddf ljBfno tyf :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?
    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf ;fd'bflos tyf ;+:yfut ul/ hDdf ^)# j6f ljBfno /x]sf 5g\ . To:t} ^)
    db/;f / ! j6f u'Djf 5g\ . h;df !*& eGbf jl9 ljBfno e'sDkLo hf]lvddf /x]sf 5g\ .
    !*&eGbf jl9 ljBfnodf cWoog ug{] &!*$* eGbf j9L ljBfyL{ klg hf]lvddf 5g\ . To:t}
    lhNnfdf :jf:Yo ;+:yf dWo] $( :jf:Yo ;+:yf e'slDko hf]lvddf /x]sf 5g\ .
    o;/L ;du|df ;Kt/L lhNnf ax'k|sf]kaf6 hf]lvddf /x]sf] lhNnfsf] ?kdf lnOG5 . ljz]if u/]/
    v8]/L, af9L, cfunfuL, dxfdf/L, lztnx/n] o; lhNnfnfO{ pRr ?kdf k|efj kfg{ ;Sg] k|sf]ksf]
    ?kdf lnOG5 . ljutsf] P}ltxfl;s ljj/0faf6 klg o; lhNnf oL k|sf]kx?n] 7'nf] Iflt k'/ofPsf]
    kfOG5 . cfly{s ;+s6f;Gg6fsf] ;Gb{edf o; lhNnfdf !&*#! 3/w'/L clt ljkGg / !$&@&
    3/w'/L ljkGg /x]sf] 5 . ljkGg kl/jf/ ;+u k|sf]ksf] ;fdgf ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf sd x'g] ePsf]n] oL
    3/w'/Lx? ax'k|sf]ksf] pRr hf]lvddf /x]sf 5g\ . u/LjL,hgr]tgfsf] sdL, cJojl:yt j;f]jf;,
    k|fs[lts >f]tsf] clwstd bf]xg, jg ljgf;, gbL, vf]nfgfnfsf] lsgf/sf] cltqmd0f, hf]lvd
    Go"lgs/0f ug]{ ;+/rgfx?sf] lgdf{0f gx'g', sdhf]/ ;'zf;g hf]lvdnfO{ a9fpg] sf/s tTjsf]
    ?kdf o; lhNnfdf /x]sf] kfOG5 .
    (=^hnfwf/sf] cj:yf
    lhNnf e";+/If0f sfof{noaf6 k|fKt x'g afFsL
    (=& af9L, k}/f], x'/L atf;, af6 ;+efljt hf]lvdsf] cj:yf
    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf ljz]if u/]/ v8]/L, af9L, cfunfuL, dxfdf/L, lztnx/, xfjfx'/L, hgfj/ cft+s
    h:tf k|sf]kx? /x]sf] / o;n] jif]{gL w]/} wghgsf] Iflt u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . hf]lvd gSzf /
    To;af6 lnOPsf] ;"rgf cg';f/ v8]/Lsf] hf]lvddf %^ j6f uflj; pRr hf]lvddf /x]sf] 5 eg]
    @^ j6f uflj; k|efljt x'g] b]lvG5 . *@ uflj;sf @@,*!( 3/w'/L / !,@@,!^& hg;+Vof
    k|efljt x'g ;Sg] kfOG5 . af9L o; lhNnfsf] bf]>f] 7'nf] k|sf]ksf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5. hf]lvd gSzf
    / To;af6 lnOPsf] ;"rgf cg';f/ af9Lsf] hf]lvddf #& j6f uflj; pRr hf]lvddf /x]sf 5g\
    eg] ## uflj; ;fgf]7'nf] ?kdf k|efljt x'g] b]lvG5 . &) uflj;sf $),)$* 3/w'/L /
    !,&),*@^ hg;+Vof k|efljt x'g ;Sg] kfOG5 . o;} u/]/ af9Laf6 @^%)^ ljufxf hUufhldg, ^)
    j6f ljwfno, #! j6f :jf:Yo rf}sL, @@ j6f vfg]kfgLsf ;+/rgfx? / #@ j6f l;+rfO{sf
    ;+/rgfx? hf]lvdf kg{ ;Sg] kfOPsf] 5 . ljleGg k|sf]kaf6 k|efljt uflj;x? ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+= (=!& df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

    168

    tflnsf g+=9.17M ljleGGf k|sf]kaf6 k|efljt uflj;x?


    qm=; k|sf]k

    klxnf] k|fyldstf
    :t/Ls/0fdf
    k/]sf] uflj;

    uflj;sf] gfd

    k|efljt
    uflj;x?

    !=a]NxL rk]gf @=udl/of kjf{x #= km'nsfxL $=


    Ogjf{ km'njl/of %= d]n7k'/ ^= kTy/uf9f &=
    z+e'gfy *= cf}/xL (= j|xdk'/ !)= wgu9L !!=
    em'6sL !@= g3f]{ !#= l;:jf j]NxL !$= cgf{xf !%=
    agf}nf !^= agf}nL !&= hd'gL dWok'/f !*=
    nfnfkl6\6 !(= k6]{jf @)= xl/k'/ @!= sNof0fk'/
    @@= vf]hk'/ @#= kG;]/f @$= eujtk'/ @%= 808f
    @^= l8dg @&= e+ufxf @*= dx'jf @(= l;tfk'/ #)=
    t]/xf}tf #!= O6x/L ljifgk'/ #@= b]p/L ##= sfrg
    #$= dn]7 #%= km;]{7 #^= /f}txt #&= ag/em'nf
    #*= a;jnk'/ #(= s';fxf $)= dw'kl6\6 $!=
    l6s'lnof $@= jf]w] j;f{Og $#= jf]l/of $$= kmls/f
    $%= d}gf ;x;|ax' $^= ;f/:j/ $&= t/xL $*=
    nf]xhf/f $*= ?kgu/ %)= uf]O7L %!= v8sk'/
    %@= xlb{of %#= j;ljl6\6 %$= bf}ntk'/ %%=
    dNxlgof %^= k|;jgL
    != kftf] @= sljnf;f #= /fdk'/ hd'jf $= jSw'jf
    %= h08f}n ^= nf}lgof &= 7]lnof *= dNxGjf (=
    DfWok'/ !)= kf]tf{xf !!= xl/x/k'/ !@= df]xgk'/ !#=
    lkk|f klZrd !$= g]uf8f !%= hf]lulgof @ !^=
    s6}of !&= vf]S;/ k|jfx !*=sf]Onf8L !(=
    /fhlj/fh g=kf=
    @)= a/dlemof @!=s+rgk'/ @@= cf]b|fxf @#=
    b]p/Le?Jff @$= lj;xl/of @%= uf]j/uf9f @^=
    dfxfb]jf @&= a]NxL @*= xg'dfggu/ @(= lb3jf
    #)= kmQ]k'/ #!= ltnf7L #@= ;s/k'/f ##= /fdk'/
    dNxflgof #$= d}gfs8]/L #%= sf]j/;fOg #^= ks/L
    #&= w/dk'/
    != a/xL lj/k'/ @= aygfxf #= lqsf]n $=
    l5Ggd:tf %= hf]lulgof ! ^= l;d|fxf l;Uof]g &=
    e'txL *= sf]rfesf/L (= lkk|f k"j{ !)= dfg/fhf
    !!= /fok'/
    != abufdf @= 3f]3gk'/ #= hutk'/ $= ef/bx %=
    j}/jf ^= sdnk'/

    *!

    v8]/L

    %^

    af9L

    #&

    cfunfuL

    !!

    h+unL
    hgfj/
    cfqmd0f
    zLtnx/
    x'/Latf;

    %
    ^

    #
    @

    != sf] dWok'/f @= agufef sl6\6 #= Og?jf


    != /fdgu/ @= ag}lgof
    169

    &)

    *@

    !&
    #^
    #$

    ;|f]tM lhNnf hf]lvd kfZj{lrq, ;Kt/L, @)&) -ck|sflzt_


    (=*hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;Da]bglzn gljs/0fLo pmhf{sf] cj:yf
    hnjfo' kl/jt{gn] ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] s[lif k|0ffnL tyf kz'kfngdf k|efj kf/]sf] 5 . tfkqmddf
    ePsf] j[l4n] afnLgfnL tyf kz'kfng k|efljt eO{ nf]k ;d]t x'b} uPsf 5g\ . k|efljt
    afnLgfnLdf d'Vo u/]/ wfg, ux', cfn', bfn, t/sf/L, d;'/, Kofh, abfd, bnxg jfnL /x]sf 5g\
    . nf]k x'b} uPsf jfnLgfnLdf eb}of, ;t/fh, gfhLu, rgf, pv', sl/of], sf]bf], d;'/, dx'jf
    afudtL wfg, hf}, tf]/L, cgdL wfg, s'/of ds}, jf;dtL h:df v]DtL, 6'df nf]k x'g yfn]sf 5g\
    eg] gof+ k|hftLdf ;f]gf dG;'nL, sfG5L dG;'nL, ! jf;dtL st/gL, xlbgfy, ;fOnL, c/df, dnf,
    t/x/f, s]/fp, sk'/gL, ^) wfg nfnu'nfj h:tf wfg tyf cGo cGffhx?sf] k|of]u x'g yfn]sf] 5.
    To:t} hnjfo' kl/jt{gn] kz'k+l5x?df 3f]8f, p+6, xflQ, b];L e};LufO{, u}8f, uwf, lrn, rf]rf,
    af3, efn', j+b]n, d[u, cgf{, nf]sn jfVff| ;+s6df 5 eg] h;L{ ufO{ e};L, pGgt hftsf s'v'/f
    qm;af6 pTkfbg ePsf pGgt hftsf kz'x?, afu/ jfVf|fx? gof+ k|of]udf cfpg yfn]sf 5g\ .

    170

    10.

    v08!)M;+:yfut ;|f]t tyf Ifdtf

    !)=!ljlQo ;|f]t tyf Ifdtf ljZn]if0f


    o; v08df ;Kt/L lhNnfdf ;/sf/L lgsfox? / :yfgLo lgsfox?sf] cfDbfgL tyf vr{ ;DjGwL
    ljj/0fx? ljZn]if0f ug]{ k|of; ul/Psf] 5 . o; ljZn]if0fn] ljut aif{x?df o; lhNnfdf
    cfGt/Ls /fhZj kl/rfng, g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cg'bfg / :yfgLo :t/df ljleGg lgsfox? dfkm{t
    ePsf] vr{sf] k|a[lQsf] t'ngfTds cWoog ug{ ;xof]u k'ofpFb5 .
    !)=!=! ;/sf/L
    ;Kt/L lhNNffdf sfo{/t ljleGg ;/sf/L sfof{nox?sf] zLif{sut / sfof{nout /fhZj ;+sng
    ;DjGwL ljj/0f o; efudf ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 . ljut kfFr jif{sf] k|j[lQ ljZn]if0f ug]{ sf]lz;
    ul/Ptf klg sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{noaf6 Ps cfly{s jif{sf] dfq ;"rgf pknJw x'g
    ;s]sf]n] cf=a= @)^(&) sf] ljlQo ;|f]t ;DjGwL ljj/0f dfq oxfF k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
    -s_ zLif{sut /fhZj ;+sngsf] l:ylt
    cf=a= @)^(/&) df ;Kt/L lhNnfdf lzif{sut ?kdf ;+sng ePsf] /fhZj ;DjGwL lj:t[t
    ljj/0f tflnsf g+= !)=! M df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . pQm jif{df ljleGg lzif{s cGt/ut ?= @*
    s/f]8 #( nfv ^ xhf/ $ ;o $! / k};f ^@ ;+sng ePsf] b]lvG5 .
    tflnsf g+=10.1M zLif{sut /fhZj ;+sngsf] cj:yf -cf=a= @)^(/&)
    qm=;=
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18

    sfof{nosf] gfd
    Psnf}6L kmd{ tyf AolQmut cfodf nfUg] s/
    kfl/>lds s/
    kF"hLut nfe s/
    lgsfosf] d'gfkmfdf nfUg] s/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfg
    lgsfosf] d'gfkmfdf nfUg] s/ klAns ln= sDkgL
    lgsfosf] d'gfkmfdf nfUg] s/ k|fO{e]6 lnld6]8 sDkgL
    lgsfosf] d'gfkmfdf nfUg] s/ cGo ;+:yf
    k"hLut nfe s/ lgsfo
    ;DklQ jxfn tyf k6\6f jfktsf] cfodf nfUg] s/
    Jofhdf nfUg] s/
    nfef+;df nfUg] s/
    cfsl:ds nfe s/
    cGo cfodf nfUg] s/
    kfl/>ldsdf cfwfl/t ;fdflhs ;'/Iff s/
    3/hUuf /lhi6]zgdf nfUg] s/
    d'No clea[l4 s/ pTkfbg
    d'No clea[l4 s/ cfoft
    d'No clea[l4 s/ a:t' laqmL / ljt/0f
    171

    s'n /fhZj -?=_


    22324245.39
    12155493.43
    26100.00
    55277.36
    10279293.00
    3431766.80
    210000.00
    1368046.00
    2021983.06
    3178355.33
    425000.00
    294216.58
    27618.75
    13960476.12
    43243980.000
    614138.00
    9755955.00
    12672251.00

    qm=;=

    sfof{nosf] gfd

    dNo cles[l4 s/ k/fdz{ tyf 7]Ssf


    20
    d'No clea[l4 s/ ;+rf/ ;]jf, ljdf, xjfO{ p8fg / cGo
    21
    ;'lt{hGo kbfy{
    22
    cGo cf}Bf]lus pTkfbg
    23
    cGt z'Ns cfoft
    24
    :jf:Yo ;]jf s/
    25
    lzIff ;[jf z'Ns z}lIfs ;+:yf
    26
    eG;f/ dx;'n cfoft
    27
    lgof{t ;]jf z'Ns
    28
    s[lif ;'wf/ z'Ns
    29
    eG;f ;DjGwL cGo cfo
    30
    sDkgL /lhi6]zg b:t'/
    31
    Ph]G;L /lhi6]zg b:t'/
    32
    xft xltof/sf] Ohfht kq b:t'/
    33
    ;/sf/L ;DklQsf] jfxfnaf6 k|fKt cfo
    34
    ag tyf agk}bfj/ ljqmLaf6 k|fKtcfo tyf ag /f[oN6L
    35
    s[lif pTkfbgsf] ljqmLaf6 k|fKt /sd
    36
    ;/sf/ ;DklQsf] ljqmLaf6 k|fKt /sd
    37
    cGo ljqmLaf6 k|fKt /sd
    38
    gx/ tyf s'nf] pkof]u jfktsf] z'Ns
    39
    ljB't ;]jf z'Ns
    40 Goflos b:t'/
    41
    x'nfs ;]jf z'Ns
    42
    lzIff If]qsf] cfDbfgL
    43
    kl/Iff z'Ns
    44 cGo k|zf;lgs ;]jf z'Ns
    45
    Goflos b08 h/Ljfgf / hkmt
    46
    k|zf;lgs 808, h/Ljfgf / hkmt
    47
    /fxfbfgL z'Ns
    48 cGo /fhZj
    49 a]?h'
    s'n hDdf /sd ?
    ;|f]tM sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{no, wg'iff, @)&)
    19

    172

    s'n /fhZj -?=_


    17698130.50
    24238.00
    160050.00
    2707804.00
    106397.00
    10000.00
    402963.00
    24193851.05
    11448.00
    2912606.00
    841000.00
    2415545.00
    1200.00
    232725.00
    106782.58
    304573.00
    1673867.50
    473043.00
    921687.03
    4220.00
    8439.25
    9124875.65
    1667225.00
    7927970.00
    8433070.00
    949305.00
    159669.42
    4073561.76
    41275000.00
    3199968.20
    15841007.86
    283906418.62

    -v_ sfof{nout /fhZj ;+sngsf] l:ylt


    cf=a= @)^(/&) df ;Kt/L lhNnfdf sfof{nout ?kdf ;+sng ePsf] /fhZj ;DjGwL lj:t[t
    ljj/0f tnsf] tflnsf g+= !)=@ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . pQm jif{df ljleGg ;/sf/L sfof{nox?n]
    cGt/ut ?= @* s/f]8 ^$ nfv ^@ xhf/ % ;o / k};f &^ ;+sng ePsf] b]lvG5 .o; ;DjGwL
    lj:t[t ljj/0f tflnsf g+= !)=@ df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=10.2M sfof{nout /fhZj ;+sngsf] cj:yf -cf=a= @)^(&)
    qm=;= sfof{nosf] gfd
    s'n /fhZj ;+sng ?=
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27

    lhNnf cbfnt /fhlj/fh


    k''g/fj]]bg cbfnt /fhlj/fh
    lhNnf lgjf{rg sfof{no ;Kt/L
    /fhlj/fh eG;f/ sfof{no ;Kt/L
    s/bftf ;]jf s]Gb|, /fhlj/fh
    3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{no ;Kt/L
    lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no ;Kt/L
    lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no ;Kt/L
    dT:o ljsf; s]Gb|, kmQ]k'/ ;Kt/L
    lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no ;Kt/L
    sf/fuf/ sfof{no /fhlj/fh ;Kt/L
    c~rn ;z:q k|x/L u'Nd /fhlj/fh
    lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no ;Kt/L
    lhNnf jg sfof{no ;Kt/L
    e'ld ;'wf/ sfof{no ;Kt/L
    dfnkf]t sfof{no /fhlj/fh
    gfkL sfof{no /fhlj/fh
    zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljsf;
    vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ l8lehg sfof{no
    s[i0f bn u0f /fhlj/fh
    lhNnf lzIff sfof{no /fhlj/fh
    k"jf{~rn l;+rfO{ l8lehg g+= $
    lhNnf x'nfs sfof{no
    lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no
    lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no ;Kt/L
    afnsNof0f u[x /fhlj/fh
    /fli6o cg';Gwfg sfof{no ;Kt/L
    173

    8,799,934.03
    468,008.73
    43,241.60
    28,943,978.87
    115,553,754.23
    2,403,203.69
    262,644.10
    10,832.70
    88,660.00
    40,324,456.00
    87,068.56
    5,680.00
    1,635,300.00
    339,477.00
    107,834.18
    49,454,420.41
    755,016.00
    3,344,036.75
    202,700.00
    264,436.51
    22,624,453.00
    382,020.00
    2,685,856.00
    4,946,579.49
    229,799.00
    27,004.00
    317,700.00

    qm=;=
    28
    29
    30
    31
    32
    33

    sfof{nosf] gfd
    ;;:q k|x/L an bGtsfnL u0f a/dlemof
    sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{no /fhlj/fh
    Onfsf k|zf;g sfof{no s~rgk'/ ;Kt/L
    sf]zL kDk rGb|gx/ l;+rfO{ Joj:yfkg l8lehg
    ;;:q k|x/L an ljcf]]kL ltnf7L ;Kt/L
    ;u/dfyf c~rn c:ktfn
    hDdf

    s'n /fhZj ;+sng ?=


    325,000.00
    629,512.37
    1,088,852.00
    100.00
    1,776.54
    109,165.00
    286,462,500.76

    ;|f]tM sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{no, wg'iff, @)&)

    174

    !)=!=@ :yfgLo ;/sf/


    lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, gu/kflnsf / ufpF ljsf; ;ldltx?sf] ljlQo ljj/0fx? oxfF ljZn]if0f ug]{ k|of; ul/Psf] 5 . vf; u/L lhNnf
    ljsf; ;ldlt ;Kt/Lsf] ljQLo ljj/0fx? lj:t[t ?kdf k|:t't ug]{ k|of; ul/Psf] 5 h'g tflnsf g+= !)=# df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g++=10.3M lhlj;sf] aflif{s cfo tyf Joo ljj/0f -?= xhf/df_
    qm=;=

    2
    3

    ljj/)f

    s]Gb| tkm{sf] rfn"


    s]Gb| tkm{sf] k'+hLut
    lhlj; sf]if tkm{
    ut;fnsf] c=Nof=
    ;d]t
    s'n hDdf

    cf=j= 2065/66

    cf=j= 2066/67

    cf=j= 2067/68

    cf=j= 2068/69

    cf=j= 2069/70

    cfo ?=

    Joo ?=

    cfo ?=

    Joo ?=

    cfo ?=

    Joo ?=

    cfo ?=

    Joo ?=

    cfo ?=

    Joo ?=

    186,476

    186,476

    243,594

    243,594

    298,765

    288,366

    555,670

    509,105

    541,987

    1,800

    519,078

    186,476

    208,362

    222,839

    222,839

    200,776

    173,942

    1,800

    186,476

    180,703

    223,865

    167,821

    264,327

    144,432

    158,692

    135,111

    135,818

    131,788

    186,476

    575,542

    690,299

    634,255

    763,868

    606,740

    714,362

    644,216

    679,606

    652,666

    ;|f]tMlhlj;, ;Kt/L, @)&!


    ljut kfFr jif{sf] lhlj; ;Kt/Lsf] cfGt/Ls cfosf] cj:yfsf af/]df tflnsf g+= !)=$ df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g++=10.4M lhlj;sf] cfGt/Ls >f]tsf] cfDbfgL ljj/0f -?= df_
    qm=;=
    1

    2
    3
    4
    5

    ljj/)f

    utjif{sf] df}Hbft
    o;jif{sf] cfDbfgL
    hDdf cfDbfgL

    hDdf vr{
    df}Hbft

    cf=j=
    2065/66

    cf=j=
    2066/67

    16990614

    25708610

    44256611

    49259877

    25708610

    20159877

    27265997

    18548001

    cf=j=
    2067/68

    cf=j=
    2068/69
    0

    cf=j=
    2069/70
    0

    23551267

    30278697

    24094303

    29100000

    10897061

    18150000

    175

    30278697
    19381636

    959701

    13280580

    24094303

    14240281

    5944303

    4400281

    9840000

    ljut kfFr jif{sf] ljleGg bft[ lgosfx?n] ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] ljsf;df k'/\ofpb} cfPsf] ;xof]u ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= !)=% df
    k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g++=10.5Mljsf; ;fFem]bf/x?sf] ;xof]u -?= df_
    qm=;= ljj/0f
    1

    2
    3
    4
    5

    o"lg;]km
    o"PgPkmlkP
    ef/tLo
    /fhb'tfjf;
    Pnlhl;l*kL
    o"Pgl*lk
    hDdf

    cf=j=2065/66

    8023394

    cf=j=2066/67

    8107990

    61753
    14632073

    cf=j= 2067/68

    1019966
    13183193

    11557867

    cf=j=2068/69

    17354774

    2484120
    22353511

    1634553
    63281320.75

    cf=j= 2069/70

    3984211

    755174
    1399775

    19115208

    12993832

    1028453

    22847345

    32357185

    43632428

    37174281

    38141066

    105215049

    38496345

    1800000

    1869300

    717115

    97056

    ljut kfFr jif{sf] /fhZj afF8kmfF8af6 lhlj; ;Kt/Ln] k|fKt u/]sf] cfo ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= !)=^ df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g++=10.6M /fhZj afF8kmfF8 ;DjGwL ljj/0f -?= df_
    qm=;= ljj/0f
    1
    /fhZj jf+8kmf+8
    2

    ljB't ljsf;
    hDdf

    cf=j=2065/66

    39174144

    39174144

    cf=j=2066/67

    30968161

    71000

    31039161

    176

    cf=j= 2067/68

    22933419

    117000

    23050419

    cf=j=2068/69

    24967100
    1634553

    26601653

    cf=j= 2069/70

    34557387

    62000

    34619387

    ljut kfFr jif{sf] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;Kt/Lsf] s'n cfo Joj ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= !)=& df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g++=10.7Mlhlj;sf] s'n cfo tyf Joosf] l:ylt -?= xhf/df_
    qm=;=
    1

    cf=j=
    2065/66

    ljj/)f

    514040

    aflif{s cg"bfg /sd


    hDdf

    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9

    10
    11

    551825

    570703

    555670

    591220

    43632

    37174
    5000

    38141

    105215
    3425

    38496
    828

    >d ;xeflutf -hg;xeflutf_


    ;f+;b sf]if -lgjf{rg If]q
    ljsf; sf]if_

    17000

    s'n hDdf
    k|zf;lgs vr{

    11=2 cfGt/Ls
    13

    514040

    10000

    11=1 s]lGb|o cg"bfg


    12

    591220

    oyfy{ a}b]lzs >f]t hDdf


    gub nfut ;xeflutf
    -hg;xeflutf_

    hDdf

    ljsf; s'n nufgL -k|ltzt_


    k|zf;lgs vr{ -k|ltzt_

    cf=j=
    2069/70

    555670

    44257

    /fhZj af+*kmf+*

    cf=j=
    2068/69

    570703

    oyfy{{ cfGt/Ls cfo

    cGo cfDbfgL

    cf=j=
    2067/68

    551825

    k^s] cg"bfg /sd

    cf=j=
    2066/67
    0

    49259

    30278

    24094

    14240

    0
    16000

    0
    17700

    0
    16710

    0
    39174

    31039

    154063

    138472

    64918

    56995

    668103

    23050

    109169

    176045

    34832

    56375

    690297

    679872

    7736

    4554

    20662

    26601

    34619

    88183

    731715

    679403

    32281

    32582

    46822

    44256

    49259

    30278

    24094

    14240

    90.3%

    91.7%

    94.9%

    92.3%

    93.1%

    9.7%

    8.3%

    5.1%

    7.7%

    6.9%

    177

    !)=!=# u};;sf] Ifdtf ljsf; / ljlQo cj:yf


    o; lhNnfdf ;lqmo ?kdf sfo{/t /x]sf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx? / ltgLx?sf] ljifout sfo{If]q
    lgDgfg';f/ tflnsf g+= !)=* pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=10.8MlhNnfdf lqmofl;n u};;x? / ltgLx?sf] sfo{If]q
    qm=;= u};;sf] gfd
    ljifout sfo{If]q
    1.
    ;an g]kfn
    ;/;kmfO{ / :jf:Yo
    2.
    ;Kt/L ;fd'bflos lasf; s]Gb
    :jf:Yo / lzIff
    3.
    dx'nL ;fd'bflos ljsf; s]Gb|
    n3' ljQ
    4.
    o'jf ;zlQms/0f ;+3g]kfn
    :jf:Yo / lzIff
    5.
    ;u/dfyf ckf sNof0f ;+3
    ;fdflhs, cfly{s / /fhgLlts / cfo
    cfh{g
    6.
    dfgj clwsf/ tyf ;fd'bflos ljsf; s]Gb|
    ;fd'bflos ljsf;
    7.
    >Lk'/f{h ;fd'bflos ljsfz s]Gb|
    afn clwsf/
    8.
    gf/L Pstf ;dfh
    :jf:Yo, ;zlQms/0f, cfocfh{g /
    tflnd
    9.
    afn clwsf/ tyf jftfj/0f ;dfh g]kfn
    afnclwsf/
    10.
    sf]zL lkl8t ;dfh
    ljkb\
    11.
    r]tgf ;dfh
    lzIff
    12.
    hgr]tgf ;dfh
    ul/aL lgjf/0f
    13.
    nf]s sNof0f
    ul/aL lgjf/0f
    14.
    u|fld0f k'glgdf{0f g]kfn
    lgdf{0f
    15.
    clwsf/ ;+/If0f s]Gb|
    afnclwsf/ / dfgjclwsf/
    ;|f]tM u};; dxf;+3 ;Kt/L zfvf, @)&!
    !)=@lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] cfly{s ;|f]t tyf cfo
    !)=@=! cfGtl/s ;|f]t l:ylt tyf k|If]k0f
    ljut kfFr jif{sf] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;Kt/Lsf] cfGtl/s 7]Ssf k6\6faf6 k|fKt /fh:j;DjGwL
    ljj/0f tflnsf g+= !)=( df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=10.9M lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;Kt/Lsf] cfGtl/s 7]Ssf k6faf6 k|fKt /fh:j
    qm=;=
    1

    tf/ #f^ &]Ssf

    cf=j=
    2065/66
    35300

    xf* l;+x v'/ Kjf+v

    243836

    2
    4
    5

    ljj/)f

    bxQ/ axt/ ns*L


    v* v*xL k^]/

    afn' ('+uf lu^L ef/t

    292500
    341231

    23365000

    cf=j=
    2066/67
    35501

    cf=j=
    2067/68
    0

    cf=j=
    2068/69
    0

    cf=j=
    2069/70
    0

    0
    0

    27769863
    178

    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    0

    0
    0
    0

    qm=;=

    6
    7
    8
    9

    10
    11

    ljj/)f
    lgsf;L

    afn'jf ('+uf lu^L


    cfGtl/s laqmL
    kz'hGo rf}kfof kz'
    lgsf;L
    s[lif hGo j:t'
    df%f &]ssf

    h*L a'*L ;fdfg


    &]ssf
    /fhlj/fh ;v*f ;*s
    ;jf/L s/
    hDdf

    cf=j=
    2065/66

    cf=j=
    2066/67

    cf=j=
    2067/68

    cf=j=
    2068/69

    cf=j=
    2069/70

    896000

    1832037

    3400161

    3560831

    233332

    661264

    1221500

    1487699.1

    1307171

    300000

    1799102

    3818251

    2406222

    7526629

    255000

    595000

    135466

    0
    25707199

    32488233

    135799

    67300

    161001

    301000

    5931551

    7361382.1

    12695631

    ;|f]tM lhlj;, ;Kt/L, @)&!


    !)=@=@ cg'bfg, ;xof]u tyf /fh:j jf+8kmf+8jf6 k|fKt /sd / ;f]sf] k|If]k0f
    ;Kt/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] cf=a= @)^(&) df k|fKt u/]sf] k"FhLut cg'bfg lg;t{ / ;;t{,
    rfn' cg'bfg ;;t{ / lg;t{ ;lxt s'n cg'bfg, s'n vr{ / /fhZjsf] l:yltsf af/]df tnsf g+=
    !)=!) df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=10.10M ;Kt/L lhlj;n] k|fKt u/]sf] cg'bfgsf] l:ylt -?= xhf/df_
    k"FhLut
    k"FhLut
    cg'bfg - cg'bfg lg;t{_
    ;;t{_
    18354

    90541

    hDdf
    k"FhLut
    cg'bfg

    108895

    rfn' cg'bfg

    ;;t{ rfn'
    cg'bfg

    hDdf rfn'
    cg'bfg

    hDdf
    cg'bfg

    37421

    9054

    46475

    155370

    gf]6M ;a}eGbf sd cg'bfg kfpg] !) lhlj; dWo] ;Kt/L cf7f}+ lhNNffdf k/]sf] 5 .
    ;|f]tM :yfgLo lgsfo ljQLo cfof]u, h]7, @)&!, :yfgLo lgsfox?sf] ljQLo l:ylt ljZn]if0f
    cf=a= @)^(&) df ;Kt/L lhlj;n] s'n vr{ -?= xhf/df_ ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= !)=!!
    df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=10.11M cf=a= @)^(&) df ;Kt/L lhlj;n] s'n vr{ -?= xhf/df_
    hDdf
    k"FhLut
    cg'bfg

    hDdf rfn'
    cg'bfg

    54448

    46475

    s'n cg'bfg
    hDdf
    vr{
    :yfgLo cfo
    vr{
    100923

    9050

    hDdf
    /fhZj
    af+8kmf+8
    vr{
    16771

    hDdf vr{

    k|lt AolQm
    vr{

    126743

    198

    ;|f]tM :yfgLo lgsfo ljQLo cfof]u, h]7, @)&!, :yfgLo lgsfox?sf] ljQLo l:ylt ljZn]if0f

    179

    !)=#uf+p ljsf; ;ldlt / gu/kflnsfx?sf] cfly{s ;|f]t kl/rfng tyf cfo l:ylt
    ;Kt/L lhNnf cGt/ut cf=a= @)^(&) df gu/kflnsf / uflj;x?sf] k"FhLut cg'bfg lg;t{ /
    ;;t{, rfn' cg'bfg ;;t{ / lg;t{ ;lxt s'n cg'bfgsf] l:yltsf af/]df tnsf ljleGg
    tflnsfx?df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . cf=a= @)^(&) df uflj;x?sf] cfo ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf
    g+= !)=!@ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=10.12M cf=a= @)^(&) df uflj;x?sf] cfo ljj/0f -?= xhf/df_
    k"FhLut
    cg'bfg

    rfn' cg'bfg

    hDdf
    cg'bfg

    175906

    41852

    217758

    s'n
    cfGt/Ls
    cfo /
    /fhZj
    ;lxt
    7420

    s'n cfo

    k|lt uflj;
    s'n cfo

    k|lt JolQm
    cfo

    225177

    1975

    375

    ;|f]tM :yfgLo lgsfo ljQLo cfof]u, h]7, @)&!, :yfgLo lgsfox?sf] ljQLo l:ylt ljZn]if0f
    cf=a= @)^(&) df ;Kt/L lhNnfsf uflj;x?sf] vr{ ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= !)=!# df
    pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=10.13M cf=a= @)^(&) df ;Kt/L lhNnfsf uflj;x?sf] vr{ ljj/0f -?= xhf/df_
    k"FhLut
    cg'bfg

    rfn' cg'bfg

    hDdf
    cg'bfg

    109061

    39759

    148821

    s'n
    cfGt/Ls
    cfo /
    /fhZj
    ;lxt
    7345

    s'n cfo

    k|lt uflj;
    s'n cfo

    k|lt JolQm
    cfo

    156166

    1370

    260

    ;|f]tM :yfgLo lgsfo ljQLo cfof]u, h]7, @)&!, :yfgLo lgsfox?sf] ljQLo l:ylt ljZn]if0f
    cf=a= @)^(&) df /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsfsf] cfo ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= !)=!$ df
    pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=10.14M cf=a= @)^(&) df /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsfsf] cfo ljj/0f -?= xhf/df_
    cfGt/Ls
    >f]t /
    /fhZj
    jf+8kmf+8
    ;lxt
    41782

    k"FhLut
    cg'bfg

    rfn' cg'bfg

    a}b]lzs
    ;xfotf

    C0f tyf
    ;fk6L

    hDdf
    cfDbfgL

    s}lkmot

    33252

    8313

    218

    61376

    ;|f]tM :yfgLo lgsfo ljQLo cfof]u, h]7, @)&!, :yfgLo lgsfox?sf] ljQLo l:ylt ljZn]if0f
    cf=a= @)^(&) df /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsfsf] vr{ ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= !)=!% df
    pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

    180

    tflnsf g+=10.15M cf=a= @)^(&) df /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsfsf] vr{ ljj/0f -?= xhf/df_
    cfGt/Ls cfo
    vr{
    19202

    k"FhLut cg'bfg
    vr{
    26601

    rfn' cg'bfg vr{

    hDdf vr{

    s}lkmot

    8313

    54116

    ;|f]tM :yfgLo lgsfo ljQLo cfof]u, h]7, @)&!, :yfgLo lgsfox?sf] ljQLo l:ylt ljZn]if0f
    !)=$hg;xeflutf kl/rfng l:ylt tyf k|If]k0f
    !)=$=!;"rgf tyf clen]v s]Gb| Aoj:yfkg
    lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt cGt/ut Ps lhNnf ;"rgf tyf clen]v :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] s]Gb|df
    Ps hgf ;'rgf clws[t, Pshgf sDKo"6/ ck/]6/ / b'O{ hgf ;fdflhs kl/rfnsx? sfo{/t
    /x]sf 5g\ . lhNnfsf] ;du| ;"rgf Joj:yfkgsf] nflu pgLx?nfO{ lhlj;n] lhDd]jf/L lbOPsf] 5
    . ;"rgf zfvfsf] 5'} sf]7fsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . kq klqsf cWoogsf] nflu 8]S;, 6]jn,
    s'l;{sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ljleGg ljifosf k':tsx? ofsdf Jojl:yt ?kdf /flvPsf] 5 .
    ;'rgf s]Gb|df Psyfg sDKo"6/ lk|G6/, kmf]6f]skL d]l;g, :sofg/ d]l;g /flvPsf] 5 . GISMAP/
    GIS ;km6j]o/ ;d]tsf] Joj:yf 5 . DPMAS Jojl:yt ul/Psf] 5 . j]jdf cfwfl/t l/kf]l6
    k|0ffnL (Web Based Reporting System)sf] nflu sDKo"6/ ck/]6/nfO{ tflnsf lbO{ ;lsPsf] 5 .
    ;'rgf k|jfxsf] nflu P;PdP; k|0ffnLsf] ;'? ul/Psf] 5 . ;"rgf s]Gb|df uflj;sf] kfZj{lrq
    nufot ljleGg k|sfzgx? /flvPsf] 5 .
    !)=$=@gful/s ;dfh, ;+u7gsf] k|jw{gsf] l:ylt
    :yflgo lgsfosf of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf gful/s ;dfh / u}/ ;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfsf
    k|ltlglwx?sf] k|ToIf ;+nuUgtf x'b} cfPsf] 5 . /fhgLlts bnx?sf] ;xof]u / ;xsfo{df of]hgf
    th'{df, sfof{Gjog / cg'udgsf sfo{x? x'b} cfPsf 5g\ . :yfgLoof]hgfnfO{ kf/bzL{ / hjfkmb]xL
    agfpg ;~rf/ dfWodx?;Fu ;xsfo{ ul/b} cfOPsf] 5 . u};;sf] Ifdtf clej[l4sf nflu
    lhlj;sf] ;xof]udf ljleGg sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ul/Psf] 5 . u};;sf] jflif{s sfo{qmdx? tyf
    ah]6 uflj;df / lhlj;sf] jflif{s of]hgfdf ;dfj]z ul/G5 . lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf /x]sf
    ljleGg ;ldltx?df u};;sf] k|ltlglwTj clgjfo{ x'g] u/]sf] 5 . :yflgo lgsfon] ;+rfng u/]sf]
    ef}ltsk"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fsf] sfd xf]; jf dfgj ;+;fwg / Ifdtf ljsf; cfocfh{g ;j} sfdsf]
    cg'udg tyf lgl/If0fdf u};;sf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/]sf] 5 .
    !)=$=#of]hgf, cfof]hgf, sfo{qmdx?sf] cg'udg
    :yflgo :jfoQ zf;g P]g @)%% / lgodfjnL @)%^ df Joj:yf eP cg';f/sf] cg'udg tyf
    lgl/If0f ;ldltn] @)%( ;fn c;f/af6 :yfgLo lgsfox? hgk|ltlglw ljlxg eP b]lv cg'udg
    tyf lgl/If0f ;ldlt ag]sf] 5}g t/ ;Kt/L lhlj;n] /fhlglts bn, kqsf/ gful/s ;dfh u};;
    k|ltlglwx?sf] cg'udg tyf lgl/If0f ;ldlt u7g u/L cg'udgsf] sfo{ ub{} cfPsf] 5 .
    181

    :yfgLo lgsfox?n] ;+rfng u/]sf ef}ltsk"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fsf] sfdsf] u'0f:t/nfO{ ;'lglZRt ug{
    tyf dfgj ;+;fwg / Ifdtf ljsf; cfocfh{g ;j} sfdsf] k|efjsfl/tf a9fpg /fhgLlts
    bn, gful/s ;dfh, u}/;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx? / ;~rf/ If]qsf kqsf/x?sf] ;DnUgtfdf cg'udg
    tyf lgl/If0f ug]{ sfo{ lgoldt ?kdf x'b} cfPsf] 5 .
    cl3Nnf] jif{ cf=j= @)^()&) df of]hgf cg'udg tyf k|zf;lso clws[tx?sf] g]t[Tjdf
    ljifout sfof{nosf k|ltlglw, kqsf/ / u};; k|ltlglwx?sf] Ps cg'udg tyf lgl/If0f ;ldlt
    qgfO{ cg'udg ul/Psf] lyof] . ljsf; ultljlwx?nfO{ 8s'd]G6L jgfO{ jflif{s ;ldIffdf k|:t't
    ul/Psf] lyof] . k|To]s of]hgfdf pkef]Qmf ;ldlt u7g;+u} Ps cg'udg ;ldlt klg u7g ul/G5
    / cg'udg ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df dfFu, ls:tf, /sd lgsf;f ug{] ul/Psf] 5 . ;'gf}nf] xhf/
    lbgLGCDP h:tf sfo{qmdx?sf] t];|f] kIf cg'udg klg ul/Psf] 5 . :yflgo ljsf; clwsf/L,
    k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L, k|fljlwsx? lhNnf OlGhlgo/4f/f klg j]nf j]nfdf cg'udg lgl/If0f x'g]
    u/]5 .
    !)=$=$lhlj;df jfn jflnsf, dlxnf, blnt, hghflt ;ldltx?sf] k|efjsfl/tf l:ylt
    ljutdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lgb]{zg cg';f/ cflbjf;L hghftL lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, blnt,
    plTkl8t pTyfg lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, lk58f ju{ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, lhNnf ckf ;dGjo
    ;ldlt / lhNnf dlxnf ;dGjo ;ldltx? u7g e} lqmofl;n /x]sf] cj:yf lyof] . t/ kl5Nnf]
    cjlwdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ tL ;ldltx? lju7g x'g uPsf lyP eg] xfn k'gM g]kfn
    ;/sf/n] tL ;ldltx? u7g ug]{ lgb]{zg lbPsf] 5 . lhlj; ;Kt/L] pQm ;ldltx? u7g ug]{
    k|lqmofdf /x]sf] 5 .
    !)=$=% :yfgLo :t/df ul7t ;ldltx? / ltlgx?sf] lqmoflzntf
    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg ;ldlt / afn d}qL :yfgLo zf;g k|jw{g ;ldlt k|jw{g
    ;ldltx? u7g ul/Psf] 5g\ . tL ;ldltx?n] ljkb\ Joj:yfkg / afnaflnsfx?sf] Ifdtf
    ljsf;sf If]qdf gLltut lg0f{ox? ug]{ / sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . lhNnf ljsf;
    ;ldltdf ljkb Joj:yfkg ljlgodfjnL !( cf}+ df lhNnf kl/ifbaf6 kf; u/L nfu' ul/Psf] 5 .
    ljkb Joj:yfkg sf]if :yfkgf u/L lhlj;sf] k|To]s jif{ ? @ nfv /fVg] / cGo lgsfoaf6 klg
    pQm sf]ifdf /sd /fVg ;lsg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . h;df n'y/g g]kfnn] ?= ! nfv ;xof]u
    k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . Osf] g]kfnaf6 ?= %) xhf/ pknJw u/fOPsf] 5 .
    ljkb Joj:yfkg sf]ifsf] vftf ;+rfng k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L / :yf= lj=cf=j= sf] ;+o"Qmf
    b:tvtaf6 vftf ;+rfng ul/Psf] 5 . lhNnf b}jL k|sf]k p4f/ ;ldltdf lhlj;n] k|To]s jif{
    ?= !) nfv ah]6 ljlgof]hg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ;fgf ltgf k|sf]kx?df tTsfn /fxt pknAw
    u/fpg] ul/Psf] 5 .

    182

    !)=$=^ ;fdflhs kl/rfng


    ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] of]hgf th'{dfsf ljleGg r/0fdf hg;xeflutf ;"lglZrt ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] x/]s j8fx?df j8f gful/s d~rx? /
    k|To]s uflj;df k5fl8 k/]sf jf kfl/Psf ju{x?sf] ;xeflutf ;'lglZRt ug{ gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gbx? u7g u/]sf] 5 . h;cg';f/
    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf s'n ! xhf/ @^ j6f j8f gful/s d~r, !#% j6f gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb| / !!$ hgf ;fdflhs kl/rfns tyf
    kl/rflnsfx?n] :yfgLo of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf ;xefuL x'b} cfPsf] cj:yf 5 . hg;xeflutf kl/rfngsf] cj:yf ;DjGwL ljj/0f
    tflnsf g+= !)=!^df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=10.16M hg;xeflutf kl/rfngsf] cj:yf
    qm=;=
    1
    2
    3

    ;b:o

    ;~hfnsf
    gfdx?

    s'n
    ;+Vof

    k'?if

    dlxnf

    j8f gful/s
    d~r
    gful/s
    ;r]tgf s]Gb|
    ;fdflhs
    kl/rfns

    1026

    13,133

    11,836

    24,969

    4,318

    4,475

    135

    1,128

    2,643

    3,771

    999

    114

    66

    48

    114

    15

    s'n

    blnt
    k'?if

    blnt
    dlxnf

    ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLtf
    hghftL hghftL
    k'?if
    dlxnf

    blnt
    cGo
    k'?if

    cGo
    dlxnf

    u}/ blnt

    hDdf

    k|ltzt

    hDdf

    k|ltzt

    3,704

    3,340

    5,111

    4,021

    15,837

    63

    9,132

    37

    2,099

    134

    318

    91

    121

    3098

    83

    664

    17

    25

    42

    19

    19

    16

    95

    84

    ;|f]tM lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, ;Kt/L, @)&! c;f/

    183

    lrq g+=3M j8f gful/s d~rsf] ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgf -k|ltztdf_


    100

    84

    80
    60

    37

    40
    20

    13

    22
    3

    16

    16

    cGo d=

    blnt

    blnt k'= blnt d= hghftL hghftL cGo k'=


    k'=
    d=

    u}/ blnt

    ;|f]tM tflnsf g+= !)=!^


    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf rfn' cfly{s jif{df lqmofl;n j8f gful/s d~rx?df s'n ;b:ox? dWo] ^#
    k|ltzt blnt / #& k|ltzt u}/blntx?sf] k|ltlglwTj /x]sf] 5 . h;df !& k|ltzt blnt k'?if
    / !* k|ltzt blnt dlxnfx?, !% k|ltzt hghftL k'?if / !# k|ltzt hghftL dlxnfx?, @)
    k|ltzt cGo k'?if / !^ k|ltzt cGo dlxnfx?sf] k|ltlglwTj /x]sf] 5 . o;/L x]bf{ j8f gful/s
    d~rdf u}/blntx?sf] eGbf blntx?sf] pkl:ylt k|efjsf/L /x]sf] 5 eg] $& k|ltzt dlxnfx?
    / %# k|ltzt k'?ifx? j8f gful/s d~rdf ;b:osf ?kdf sfo{/t /x]sf 5g\ -lrq g+=@_ .
    lrq g++=4M gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|df k|ltlglwTj -k|ltztdf_
    90
    80
    70
    60
    50
    40
    30
    20
    10
    -

    83
    56
    26
    4

    17
    2

    blnt k'= blnt d= hghftL hghftL cGo k'= cGo d=


    k'=
    d=

    ;|f]tM tflnsf g+= !)=!^


    184

    blnt

    u}/ blnt

    j8f gful/s d~rdf s'n %^ k|ltzt blnt dlxnfx? / @^ k|ltzt blnt k'?ifx?sf] k|ltlglwTj
    /x]sf] 5 . h;df *# k|ltzt blntx? / !& k|ltzt u}/blntx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] 5 .
    h;dWo] $ k|ltzt hghftL k'?if, * k|ltzt hghftL dlxnf, @ k|ltzt cGo k'?if / # k|ltzt
    cGo dlxnfx? /x]sf 5g\ -lrq g+= #=_ .
    lrq g+=5M ;fdflhs kl/rfngdf ;dfj]lztfsf] cj:yf -k|ltztdf_
    84

    90
    80
    70
    60
    50
    40
    30
    20
    10
    -

    37
    13

    22
    3

    blnt k'= blnt d= hghftL hghftL


    k'=
    d=

    cGo k'=

    16

    16

    cGo d=

    blnt

    u}/ blnt

    ;|f]tM tflnsf g+
    ;fdflhs kl/rfng sfo{df s'n kl/rfns jf kl/rflnsf dWo] *$ k|ltzt u}/ blnt / !^
    k|ltzt dfq blntx?sf] ;DnUgtf /x]sf] 5 . h;dWo] !# k|ltzt blnt k'?if / # k|ltzt blnt
    dlxnfx?, * k|ltzt hghftL k'?if / @@ k|ltzt hghftL dlxnf, #& k|ltzt cGo k'?if / !^
    k|ltzt cGo dlxnfx? ;DnUg /x]sf 5g\ .
    !)=% ;'zf;g / ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] cj:yf
    !)=%=! afn ;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf th'{df k|lqmof
    ;j{ k|yd j8f gful/s d~raf6 j8f :t/sf] / j:tL :t/sf] of]hgf cg'/f]w kmf/d ebf{ / j8f
    :t/df of]hgfsf] k|fyldlss/0f ubf{ j8fsf] ! hgf jfns / ! hgf jflnsfsf] ;xeflutf x'G5 .
    Plss[t of]hgf th'{df ;ldltsf] a}7sdf klg jfnjflnsfsf] k'0f{ ;xeflutf x'G5 . ufpF
    kl/ifbaf6 kfl/t uflj; of]hgfsf] ;fj{hlglss/0fdf klg jfnjflnsfsf] ;xeflutf /xG5 .
    O{nfsf :t/Lo of]hgf th'{df j}7sdf klg ;DalGwt Onfsfsf] uflj;ut ?kdf uflj; :t/Lo
    jfn ;~hfn ;ldltaf6 k|ltlglwTj u/fOG5 . lhNnfsf] k"j{ of]hgf th'{df uf}i7L / Plss[t
    of]hgf th'{df ;ldltsf] j}7sdf klg jfn jflnsfsf] ;xeflutf clgjfo{ ul/Psf] 5 . lhNnf
    kl/ifbaf6 kfl/t jflif{s lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] ;fj{hlglss/0f sfo{qmddf klg jfnjflnsfsf]
    185

    clgjfo{ ;xeflutf u/fOG5 .:yfgLo of]hgf k|lqmofdf afnaflnsfx?sf] ;xeflutf ;DjGwL


    ljj/0f tflnsf g+= !)=!& df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=10.17M :yfgLo of]hgf k|lqmofdf afnaflnsfx?sf] ;xeflutf -cf=a= @)&)&!_
    ljj/0f
    afns
    aflnsf
    hDdf
    1,036 (52%)
    957 (48%)
    1993
    j8f gful/s d~r
    126 (53%)
    112 (47%)
    238
    PsLs[t of]hgf th'{df ;ldlt
    ;|f]tM lhlj;, ;Kt/L, @)&!
    ;Kt/L lhNnfsf ;a} uflj; / /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsfsf ;a} j8fx?df j8f gful/s d~r u7g
    e} lqmofl;n /x]sf] 5g . ;a} j8f gful/s d~rx?df jfnaflnsfx?sf] ;xeflutf ;'lglZlrt
    ul/Psf] 5 . cg';f/ x/]s j8f gful/s d~rdf slDtdf ! hgf afns / ! hgf aflnsfsf]
    ;+:yfut k|ltlglwTj x'g' kg]{ at{dfg k|fjwfg ePtf klg sltko j8fdf pQm k|fjwfg
    sfof{GJogdf /x]sf] b]lvb}g . h;df ! hgf afns jf ! hgf aflnsf dfq ;xefuL u/fpg] u/]sf]
    kfO{G5 . tyflk j8f:t/df of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf afnaflnsfx?nfO{ ;xefuL u/fpb} cfPsf]
    cj:yf 5 . dflysf] tflnsf !)=!&cg';f/ ! xhf/ #^ j8f gful/s d~rdf s'n ;b:ox? !((#
    hgfdWo] ! xhf/ #^ -%@ k|ltzt_ jfns / ( ;o %& -$* k|ltzt_ aflnsfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf]
    5 . To;} u/L s'n ! ;o !^ j6f PsLs[t of]hgf th'{df ;ldltdf s'n ;b:ox?dWo] @ ;o #*
    hgf afnaflnsfx?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] 5 . h;dWo] %# k|ltzt afns / $& k|ltzt
    aflnsfx?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] 5 .
    !)=%=@;fj{hlgs n]vfhf]vf
    pkef]Qmf ;ldltx? dfkm{t ;~rfng ul/g] x/]s kl/ofhgfx?sf] ;fj{hlgs n]vfhf]vf x'g] u/]sf]
    5 . o;df vf; u/L lhlj;n] pknJw u/fPsf] Pskfg] kmd]{6n] dfu u/]sf] ;"rgfx? pkef]Qmf
    ;ldltx?n] pknJw u/fpg] u/]sf 5g\ .
    !)=%=# ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{
    rfn' jif{df lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] ;fd'bflos PkmPdsf] ;xof]udf :yfgLo lgsfox?dfkm{t k|bfg
    ul/Psf] ;]jf tyf ;'ljwfx?sf] ;fj{hlglss/0f ug]{ p4]Zon] lhNnf:t/Lo ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{
    sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] 5 . To;} u/L o"PgPkmlkPsf] ;xof]udf lhlj; ;Kt/Ln] lkk|f klZrd
    uflj;df uflj;:t/Lo ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/]sf] 5 .
    !)=%=$gful/s j8fkqsf] cg'udg l:ylt
    ;a} ;fj{hlgs sfof{nox?n] gful/s j8fkq /fv]sf] cj:yf 5 t/ To;sf] sfof{Gjog / jt{dfg
    cj:yf s:tf] 5 eGg] ljifodf cflwsf/Ls ;ldlt lgdf{0f u/L cg'udg x'g] u/]sf] 5}g .
    !)=%=%n}+ls tyf ;dfj]zL n]vfhf]vf ;DjGwL cj:yf
    -o; ;DjGwL cj:yfsf] af/]df lhlj; af6 ;"rgf lng' kg]_{
    186

    !)=%=^afn l:ylt kqsf] cj:yf


    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf afn aflnsfsf] cj:yf emNsg] u/L afn l:ylt kq tof/ ul/Psf] 5}g\ . lhNnf
    ljsf; ;ldlt / lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldltsf] cu'jfO{df cfufdL lbgdf afnl:ylt kq tof/ ug]{
    lg0f{o ePsf] 5 .
    !)=^lhNnf :t/Lo ljifout sfo{qmddf nufgL l:ylt tyf k|If]k0f
    !)=&s]Gb|Lo:tl/o ljifout sfo{qmd / cfof]hgfdf nufgL l:ylt tyf k|If]k0f
    !)=*u};;x?n] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/ ;[hgf ug]{ sfo{qmddf u/]sf] nufgL tyf k|If]k0f
    !)=(gLlh If]qn] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/ ;[hgf ug]{ sfo{qmddf u/]sf] nufgL tyf k|If]k0f
    !)=!):yfgLo hgzlQm tyf k|fljlws Ifdtf ljZn]if0f -;fdflhs ;d'x cg';f/sf] ;"rgf_
    !)=!! of]hgf tyf sfof{Gjog Ifdtf ljZn]if0f
    !)=!!=! of]hgf tyf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ;+:yfut :j?k
    !)=!!=@;+:yfut ;dGjo tyf ;+hfn

    187

    !)=!@ ;|f]t pkof]u l:ylt -ljlgof]lht /sd lgsf;f / vr{ l:ylt_


    cf=a= @)^(/&) df lhNnfdf /x]sf ljifout lgsfox?sf] k"FhLut / rfn' ah]6sf] cj:yf ;DjGwdf tflnsf g+= !)=!* df pNn]v
    ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=10.18M lhNnfdf /x]sf ljifout lgsfox?sf] k"FhLut / rfn' ah]6sf] cj:yf cf=a= @)^(/&)
    l;=g+
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    29
    30
    31

    sfof{nosf] gfd
    lhNnf cbfnt /fhlj/fh
    k''g/fj]]bg cbfnt /fhlj/fh
    lhNnf lgjf{rg sfof{no ;Kt/L
    k''g/fj]]bg ;/sf/L jsLn sfof{no /fhlj/fh
    lhNnf ;/sf/L jsLn sfof{no, ;Kt/L
    sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{no ;Kt/L
    /fhlj/fh eG;f/ sfof{no ;Kt/L
    3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{no ;Kt/L
    lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no ;Kt/L
    lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no ;Kt/L
    dT:o ljsf; s]Gb|, kmQ]k'/ ;Kt/L
    lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no ;Kt/L
    O{nfsf k|zf;g sfof{no, sGrgk'/
    sf/fuf/ sfof{no /fhlj/fh ;Kt/L
    /fli6o cg';Gwfg sfof{no /fhlj/fh
    c~rn k|x/L sfof{no /fhlj/fh
    c~rn ;z:q k|x/L u'Nd /fhlj/fh
    lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no ;Kt/L
    Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no s~rgk'/
    Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no sNof0fk'/
    ;z:q k|x/L an bGtsfnL u0f a/dlemof
    ;z:q k|x/L an l;df ;'/Iff sfof{no
    ;z:q k|x/L an ljcf]kL l5Ggd:tf
    ;z:q k|x/L an ljcf]kL /fdgu/ ;Kt/L
    ;z:q k|x/L an ljcf]kL a;f{Og ;Kt/L
    ;z:q k|x/L an ljcf]kL ag}lgof, ;Kt/L
    ;z:q k|x/L an lacf]kL ltnf7L ;Kt/L
    Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no e]l8of ;Kt/L
    lhNnf jg sfof{no ;Kt/L
    lhNnf e" ;+/If0f sfof{no ;Kt/L
    e'ld ;'wf/ sfof{no ;Kt/L

    k"FhLut
    jflif{s ah]6

    lgsf;f

    rfn'
    s"n vr{

    v'b vr{

    jflif{s ah]6

    lgsf;f

    s"n vr{

    v'b vr{

    33353136
    26435066
    3752520

    31528603
    26415125
    2916353

    31528603
    26415125
    2916353

    31528603
    26400125
    2916353

    4360324
    2068717
    3874347
    6587114
    4760262
    3111726
    2462086
    6448444
    14435035
    1339421
    10078226

    4360324
    2068717
    3874347
    6587114
    4760262
    3111726
    2462086
    6448444
    14435035
    1339421
    10078226

    4360324
    2068717
    3874347
    6587114
    4760262
    2922226
    2462086
    6448444
    14435035
    1339421
    10078226

    659000
    40000

    658658
    40000

    658658
    40000

    658658
    40000

    295000

    295000

    295000

    295000

    295000
    3350000
    332500
    6493000
    320000
    2200000
    200000

    295000
    1928091
    325731
    6133130
    320000
    2200000
    191404

    295000
    1928091
    325731
    6133130
    320000
    2200000
    191404

    295000
    1928091
    325731
    4868130
    320000
    2200000
    191404

    770000

    690718

    690718

    690718

    4952500
    2163800
    4145000
    6964434
    5088362
    18302537
    16217086
    6823000
    15851700
    1339928
    10078500

    25000
    230000
    165000
    10050000
    15000
    15000
    2350000
    1000000
    80000
    80000
    80000

    25000
    230000
    165000
    6680000
    15000
    15000
    2350000
    1000000
    80000
    80000
    80000

    25000
    230000
    165000
    6680000
    15000
    15000
    2350000
    1000000
    80000
    80000
    80000

    25000
    230000
    165000
    6680000
    15000
    15000
    2350000
    1000000
    80000
    80000
    80000

    6614759
    24238635
    32311375
    161967506
    18893348
    14733078
    188184532
    58192366
    10516253
    10321046
    11277350

    6607050
    24238535
    32311375
    161947461
    18893348
    14728278
    187524124
    58192144
    10508497
    10314994
    11277350

    6607050
    24238535
    32311375
    161947461
    18893348
    14728278
    187524124
    58192144
    10508497
    10314994
    11277350

    6607050
    24238535
    32311375
    161947461
    18893348
    14728278
    187524124
    58192144
    10508497
    10314994
    11277350

    80000
    216000
    15000
    5567000
    7795000

    80000
    216000
    15000
    5436325
    7794304

    80000
    216000
    15000
    5436325
    7794304

    80000
    216000
    15000
    5436325
    7794304

    11135977
    11447837
    6524522
    32456973
    2919059
    4845688

    11135977
    11428411
    6519722
    32256122
    2892038
    4830688

    11135977
    11428411
    6519722
    32256122
    2892038
    4830688

    11135977
    11428411
    6519722
    32256122
    2892038
    4830688

    188

    l;=g+

    sfof{nosf] gfd

    32
    33
    34
    35
    36
    37
    38

    dfnkf]t sfof{no /fhlj/fh


    gfkL sfof{no /fhlj/fh
    ;'s'Djf;L ;d:of ;dfwfg cfof]u
    zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljsf;
    vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ l8lehg sfof{no
    dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{no
    afn sNof0f u[x /fhlj/fh
    s[i0f bn u0f /fhlj/fh
    lhNnf lzIff sfof{no /fhlj/fh
    z}lIfs tflnd s]Gb| /fhlj/fh
    k"jf{~rn l;+rfO{ l8lehg g+= $
    sf]zL kDk rGb| gx/ l;+rfO{ Aoj:yfkg l8 g+=
    lhNnf x'nfs sfof{no
    lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no
    /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsf
    lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{no
    lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no ;Kt/L
    lhNnf cfo'j{}b :jf:Yo s]Gb|
    ;u/dfyf c~rn c:ktfn /fhlj/fh
    hDdf

    39
    40
    41
    42
    43
    44
    45
    46
    47
    48
    49
    50

    k"FhLut
    jflif{s ah]6

    rfn'

    lgsf;f

    s"n vr{

    v'b vr{

    50000
    1800000

    50000
    1800000

    50000
    1800000

    50000
    1800000

    133200000
    32988000
    125000
    215000

    102556055
    31404817
    125000
    215000

    102556055
    31404817
    125000
    215000

    100114455
    25603842
    125000
    215000

    4100000
    405000

    4100000
    405000

    4100000
    405000

    4100000
    405000

    62640500
    51027000
    2550000
    4301000

    37347777
    51027000
    2550000
    4301000

    37347777
    51027000
    2550000
    4301000

    26172777
    51027000
    2550000
    1953700

    5790000

    3319504

    3319504

    3319504

    1026000

    830284

    830284

    342935000

    277370799

    277370799

    ;|f]tM sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{no, /fhlj/fh ;Kt/L, c;f/, @)&!

    189

    jflif{s ah]6

    lgsf;f

    s"n vr{

    v'b vr{

    10420069
    10668276
    779000
    5909681
    6844060
    7281000
    3416000

    9998338
    10644120
    777660
    5909635
    6789409
    6059190
    3415301

    9998338
    10644120
    777660
    5909635
    6789409
    6059190
    3415301

    9998338
    10644120
    777660
    5909635
    6789409
    6059190
    3415301

    830284

    138472552
    525888196
    4148890
    7339425
    10396371
    37808210
    1199225264
    20299000
    46000
    6695124
    5592251

    137009630
    497858049
    4148890
    7339419
    10395171
    37730579
    1135386172
    20299000
    46000
    6657137
    5587451

    137009630
    497858049
    4148890
    7339419
    10395171
    37730579
    1135386172
    20299000
    46000
    6657137
    5587451

    137009630
    496854205
    4148890
    7339419
    10285171
    37730579
    1040510894
    20249000
    46000
    6657137
    4837451

    254340924

    54201000
    2817478243

    48414869
    2680457916

    48414869
    2680457916

    48414869
    2583464294

    !)=!#:yfgLo lgsfox?sf] Go'gtd ;t{ / sfo{;Dkfbg l:ylt


    cf=a= @)^*^( df ;Kt/L lhNnf Go";sf;df c;kmn ePsf sf/0f @) k|ltzt cg'bfg
    u'dfpg' k/]sf] lyof] .
    sfo{;Dkfbgdf Go"g c+s k|fKt u/]sf sf/0f /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsfn] cf=a= @)&)&! df
    @% k|ltzt cg'bfg u'dfpg' k/]sf] lyof] .
    cf=a= @)^*^( df ^# j6f uflj;x? c;kmn ePsf lyP .
    cf=a= @)^*^( df Go"gtd ;t{ tyf sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+s ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= !)=!(
    df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=10.19M cf=a= @)^*^( sf] Go"gtd ;t{ tyf sfo{;Dkfbg dfkgsf] glthf l:ylt
    :yfgLo
    lgsfox?

    s'n
    ;Vof

    Go"gtd
    ;t{ k'/f
    ug{sf]
    ;+Vof

    Go"gtd ;t{ Go"gtd ;t{ k'/f gug{sf] :yfgLo lgsfox?


    k'/f gug{sf]
    ;+Vof

    uflj;

    114

    51

    63

    cgf{xf, cf}/xL,a}/jf, aegufdfsL , ag}lgof ,


    jg/em'nf , agf}nf, , sf]= a;f{Og , a;ljL ,aygfxf,
    a]NxL, a]NxL rk]gf, eujtk'/, e'txL, a/xL lj/k'/,
    af]b]a/;fog, af]l/of, a|Dxk'/, l5Ggd:tf, 8f9f,
    wgu9L, lb3jf, l8dg, kmls/f, uDx/Lof k|jfxf,
    uf]a/uf9f, 3f]3gk'/f, uf]O&L, xl/k'/, hG8f}n, of]lulgof
    @ ,sljnf;f, sfrg, sNof0fk'/, sdnk'/, sGrgk'/,
    sf]=dw]k'/f, sf]rfavf/L,sf]Onf8L, s'zfxf, dwjfk'/,
    d}gfs8]/L , d}gf;x;|afx' , dn]sk'/ , dnxGfdf,
    dNxlgof , dfg/fhf , df}jfxf , g+]u8f , ks/L ,k6]jf{,
    kftf], kTy/uf8f, lkk|f k'j{, kf]tf{xf , k|;jgL ,
    /fdgu/, /f}tx6, ;f/Zj/ , l;d/fxf l;+luof}g , l;:jf
    a]NxL , t/xL , l6s'lnof
    gu/kflnsf
    ^% c+s k|fKt u/L @% k|ltztn] cg'bfgdf s6f}tL
    1
    1
    0
    ePsf]
    lhlj;
    Go"gtd ;t{ k'/f u/]sf] t/ sfo{;Dkfbgdf $@ c+s
    1
    1
    0
    k|fKt u/L cg'lt0f{ ePsf]
    ;|f]tM g]kfn ;/sf/, :yfgLo lgsfo ljlQo cfof]u -@)&)_,

    190

    cf=a= @)^*^( df Go"gtd ;t{ tyf sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+s ;DjGwL ljj/0f tflnsf g+= !)=@)
    df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=10.20Mcf=a= @)^(&) sf] Go"gtd ;t{ tyf sfo{;Dkfbg dfkg glthf
    :yfgLo
    lgsfox?

    s'n
    ;Vof

    Go"gtd
    ;t{ k'/f
    ug{sf]
    ;+Vof

    Go"gtd ;t{ Go"gtd ;t{ k'/f gug]{ :yfgLo lgsfox?


    k'/f gug{sf]
    ;+Vof

    uflj;

    114

    24

    90

    gu/kflnsf

    lhlj;

    /fdk'/ hd'jf, /fdgu/, nf}lgof, jegufdfs6\6L,


    s'zfxf, xl/xk'/, dNxgdf, l6s'lnof, kf]tf{xf, ef/bx,
    uf}O7L, @ g+= hf]lulgof, dn]7, l;d|fxf l;+Uof}g,
    dn]sk'/, lb3jf, sk/L, k|ZjgL, Og?jf, ! g+=
    hf]lulgof, g]u8f, dfg/fhf, af]b]j;fO{g, v8sk'/,
    ?kgu/, lkk|f k"j{, 3f]3gk'/, kg;]/f, ag/e'mnf, l;:jf
    j]NxL, vf]hk'/, j}/jf, lqsf]n, dwjfk'/, d}gfs8]/L,
    kftf], e'txL, j]NxL rk]gf, t/xL, k6]jf{, df}jfxf, j]NxL,
    abufdf, af]l/of, a/xL lj/k'/, hdgL dw]k'/f, agf}nf,
    b]p/L, nfnfk6\6L, km'nsfxL, ;f/;/, wgu9L, xlb{of,
    dw'k6\6L, bf}ntk'/, lkk|f klZrd, uDxl/of k|jfxf,
    cgf{x, a|Dxk'/, sljnf;f, asw'jf, nf}xfhf/f, l8dg,
    sf]= a;f{{Og, sf]Onf8L, kmQ]k'/, sf]= dw]k'/f, s6}of,
    aL;xl/of, kTy/u9f, g3f]{, d}gf;x;|afx', ag}lgof,
    sf]rfavf/L, vf]s;/k|jfx, sNof0fk'/, em'6sL, hG8f}n,
    Ogjf{ km'nj8Lof, kmls/f, cf}/xL aygfx, a;lj6\6L,
    a;jnk'/, eujnk'/, 7]lnof, t]/xf}tf, zDe'gfy, /fok'/
    / agf}nL .
    Go"gtd ;t{sf !! j6f ;"rsx? k'/f u/L
    sfo{;Dkfbgdf $( c+s k|fKt u/L plQ0f{ ePsf]
    Go"gtd ;t{df cg'lQ0f{ ePsf] t/ sfo{;Dkfbg dfkg
    df %! c+s k|fKtu/L plQ0f{ ePsf] .

    !)=!$ lj:yflktx?sf] cj:yf / k"g{:yfkgf


    !)=!$=! G lj:yflkt
    4Gbsfndf ;Kt/L lhNnfdf !#( hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] tYof+s ePtf klg lhNnf k|zf;g
    sfof{noaf6 cg'udg ubf{ @* hgfsf] gfd bf]xf]l/Psf] km]nf k/]sf]n] pQm ;dodf s'n !!!
    hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] Plsg ePsf] 5 . pQm !!! hgf dWo] !)@ hgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/n] pknJw
    u/fPsf] /fxt k|fKt u/]sf] cj:yf 5 . h;dWo] @* hgfn] k|ltAolQm !! nfvsf b/n] /fxt
    kfPsf] / afFsL &$ hgfn] Psd'i6 ?= ## nfvsf b/n] /fxt k|fKt u/]sf lyP . vf; u/L d[ts
    ;]gf tyf k|x/Lsf cfkmGtnfO{ ?= !! nfv / ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ ?= ## nfv /fxt pknJw
    u/fOsf] lyof] .

    191

    sfo{bnsf] k|ltj]bg cg';f/ ;Kt/L lhNnfdf !@ hgf 4Gbsf] a]nfdf a]kQf ePsf lyP . h; dWo]
    ( hgf j]kQf ePsfsf cfkmGtn] k|lt AolQm ?= # nfvsf b/n] /fxt k|fKt u/]sf 5g eg] afFsL
    # hgfsf kl/jf/n] pQm /fxt k|fKt u/]sf] cj:yf 5}g .

    qm=;=

    To;}u/L dw]z cfGbf]ngsf a]nfo; lhNnfdf ( hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] . tL ( hgfsf cfkmGt
    tyf kl/jf/x?n] k|lt AolQm ?= ! nfv %) xhf/sf b/n] /fxt k|fKt u/]sf lyP . To;} u/L
    4Gbsf a]nf k"0f{ ckftf ePsf @ hgfn] k|lt dlxgf ?= ^ xhf/ @ ;osf b/n] / pgLx?sf] ;]jf
    ug]{ kl/jf/n] ;d]t k|lt dlxgf ^ xhf/ @ ;o u/L s'n !@ xhf/ $ ;o k|fKt ub}{ cfPsf] cj:yf
    5 eg] pgLx?nfO{ Psd'i7 g]kfn ;/sf/n] ?= @@ nfv ;d]t pknJw u/fPsf] lyof] . t/
    cf+lzs ckftf ePsf] Ps hgfn] dfl;s ?kdf ?= ^ xhf/ @ ;o k|fKt ub}{ cfPsf] cj:yf
    /x]sf] 5 . To;} u/L %) k|ltzt 3fO{t] dWo] % hgfn] %) k|ltztsf b/n] Psd'i6 Ps nfv /
    Ps hgfn] @% k|ltztsf] lx;fjn] ?= %) xhf/ /fxt k|fKt u/]sf cj:yf 5 -;|]ftM lhNnf
    k|zf;g sfof{no, @)&!_ .
    !)=!$=@ k|sf]kaf6 Iflt
    ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] @)&) >fj0f b]lv r}qd;fGt ;Ddsf] b}lj k|sf]ksf dfgjLo tyf ef}lts Iflt /
    /fxt ljt/0f ;DaGwL ljj/0f b]xfoadf]lhd tflnsf g+= !)=@! df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=10.21M b}ljk|sf]k ;DjGwL ljj/0f

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11

    36gfsf]
    ljj/0f
    cfunfuL
    r6\of
    af9L
    klx/f]
    dxfdf/L
    cl;gf
    kfgL
    zLtnx/
    lxdkft
    8'
    b'3{6gf
    e"sDk
    x'/Ljtf;
    cGo
    hDdf vr{

    dfgljo
    Iflt
    -;+Vofdf_

    3/Iflt
    k"0f{

    cf+lzs

    hDdf

    /fxt ljt/0f -kl/jf/


    ;+Vof_
    k"0f{ cf+lzs hDdf

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    @
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    ;|f]tM lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no, ;Kt/L

    192

    /fxt ljt/0f ug{


    afFsL
    kl/jf/
    s'n
    ;+Vof
    /sd
    )
    )
    )
    )
    )
    )
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    !)=!$=# zflGt, ljsf; / k'g{;+/rgf ;DaGwL ultljlw

    193

    11.

    v08!!M lhNNffsf] ljsf;sf ;d:of, r'gf}lt, cj;/ / ;+efjgfx?sf] ljZn]if0f

    lhNNffsf] ljifout / juL{o ;d:of, r'gf}tL, cj;/ / ;+efjgfx?sf af/]df ljleGg r/0fdf
    Onfsf:t/Lo, lhNnf:t/Lo / s]lGb|o :t/df d'Vo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu 5nkmnn / cGt/lqmof u/L
    klxrfg ul/Psf] 5 . h;sf] lj:t[t ljj/0f o; efudf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
    !!=! dfggLo ;ef;b\Ho"x?af6 klxrfg ePsf r'gf}tL / cj;/x?
    sf7df8f}Fdf @)&! h]i7 $ ut] ;Kt/L lhNnfaf6 k|ToIf lgjf{rgdf lgjf{lrt / ;dfg'kflts tkm{
    k|ltlglwTj ug'{ x'g] dfggLo ;ef;bHo"x?;Fu ul/Psf] cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf ;ef;bHo"x?f/f
    p7fOPsf ;jfnx? lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g .
    afnaflnsfx? cfwf/e"t cfjZostfaf6 al~rt ePsf] cj:yf /x]sf] 5 .
    of]hgfsf] sfo{Gjog kIf sdhf]/ ePsfn] afn aflnsfsf] gfd 5'6\ofOPsf] ah]6 klg ;lx
    9+un] vr{ x'g] u/]sf] 5}g .
    dfgj ljsf; ;'rfsfdf ;Kt/L w]/} k5fl8 -&$ cf}F_ :yfgdf /x]sf] 5 .
    ;fIf/tf b/ Psbd} sd -$$_ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
    v'nf lbzfd'Qm cleofgdf lhNnf &% cf}F :yfgdf k/]sf] 5 .
    blnt ;d'bfox? s'kf]if0f / ul/jLaf6 u|:t ePsf] cj:yf 5 .
    lhNnfdf pknJw ePsf] l;ldt ah]6sf] klg ;lx ?kdf ;b'kof]u x'g ;s]sf] cj:yf
    5}g .
    ul/jLsf] sf/0fn] dlxnf nufot k5fl8 kfl/Psf] ;d"xx?sf] of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf
    ;xeflutf x'g ;s]sf] 5}g\ .
    dfly pNN]lvt ;jfnx?nfO{ ;Djf]wg ug]{ u/L ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] k~ralif{o cfjlws of]hgf th'{df
    x'g cfjZos 5 .
    -s_ r'gf}tLx?
    ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] ljsf;df b]lvPsf d'Vo r'gf}tL lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] 5 .
    n}ls lx+;f, afn ljjfx, bfO{hf] k|yf, 5'jf5't h:tf lje]bsf/L cEof;x? lj?4 r'k /xg]
    ;+:s[lt ljBdfg /x]sf] .
    ;fdflhs ljsf;sf If]qnfO{ sd k|fyldstf lbg] / ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf;df dfq hf]8
    lbg] kl/kf6L /x]sf] .
    5fqfx?sf] dfWoflds txdf sIff 5f8\g] b/ clt pRr /x]sf] cj:yf .
    of]hgf th'{df, sfof{Gjog / cg'udg h:tf sfo{df ;dfj]zL ;xeflutf k4ltnfO{
    cjnDjg ug]{ kl/kf6L / cEof; gePsf] .
    ;DjlGwt ;/sf/L sfof{no / ljefux?df lgoldt ?kdf k|ult k|ltj]bg k|:t't ug]{,
    sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg / d"Nofg ug]{ kl/kf6L gePsf] .
    pknJw vl08s[t tYofx?sf] ljZn]if0f ug]{ / of]hgf th'{dfdf k|of]u ug]{ kl/kf6L
    g/x]sf] .
    194

    uflj; ;lrjx? / h]=l6=P= h:tf ;]jf k|bfos sd{rf/Lx? cfkm'nfO{ tf]lsPsf] 7fFpdf
    ga;L lhNnf ;b/d'sfddf a:g] k|a[lt /x]sf] .
    ljsf; of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf ljkb hf]lvd Joj:yfkg / hnjfo' hf]lvd Joj:yfkgnfO{
    cfTd;ft\ gul/Psf] .
    ;/;kmfO{ ;'ljwfx?sf] Go"g pknJwtf / o:tf ;jfnx?sf] dxTjsf] af/]df r]tgfsf] tx
    Hofb} Go"g /x]sf] .
    v= cj;/x?
    lhNnfsf] Ps 5]pb]lv csf]{ 5]p;Dd /x]sf] km/flsnf] ;8ssf] lj:tf/n] :yfgLo
    pTkfbgx?sf] ahf/;Ddsf] ;Dks{ / kx'Fr :yflkt ug{ ;xof]u k'ofpFb5 .
    u|fld0f If]qdf ePsf d"Nojfg kmnkm"n tyf ;fFu;AhLx?sf] nflu ;fgf s[lifdf cfwfl/t
    pBf]ux? ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg] ;+efjgf /x]sf] .
    b'Uw pTkfbg tyf k|;f]wg ;'ljwfx?sf] :yfkgfsf] nflu pRr ;+efjgf /x]sf] .
    ljz]ifu/L lhNnfsf] klZrt efudf l;+rfO{sf] ;'ljwf lj:tf/ ug{ ;lsg] / e"ldut kfgLsf]
    pkof]u ug{ ;lsg] ;+efjgf /x]sf] .
    lhNnf e/L /x]sf ;fd'bflos ;+3 ;+:yfx?;Fu ;dfj]zL ;fd'bflos ljsf;sf] nflu
    cfjZos kg]{ ;fdflhs kl/rfng ;DjGwL cg'ej /x]sf] .

    !!=@lhNnf:t/Lo cGt/lqmofaf6 klxrfg ePsf ;+efjgf, cj;/ / r'gf}tLx?


    -s_= lhNnf:t/Lo ax';/f]sf/jfnx?;Fusf] cGt/lqmofaf6 k|fKt ;jfnx?
    @)&! ;fn c;f/ !^ ut] lhNnf:t/Lo ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx? -/fhgLlts bnx?, ljifout
    sfof{nox? nufot cGo u};;, lghL If]q / gful/s ;dfh_ sf] ;xeflutfdf ljleGGf ;d'x
    cGt/ut 5nkmn u/L ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] ljsf;sf] ;+efjgf, cj;/ / r'gf}tLx?sf] klxrfg ul/of]
    h'g tn tflnsf g+= !!=! df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=11.1M lhNnf:t/Lo cGt/lqmofaf6 klxrfg ePsf ;jfnx?
    ;Defjgf
    cj;/
    -!_ jg tyf jftfj/0f ;d'x
    r'/] If]q ;+/If0f r'/] If]q ;+/If0fsfnflu :yfgLo :t/df
    hgr]tgfdf clej[l4 ePsf] .
    /fli6o tyf cGt/f{li6o :t/df o;sfnflu
    ax;, k}/lj ePsf] tyf ;|f]t h'l6/x]sf] .
    /fi6klt r'/] ;+/If0f h:tf sfo{qmdnfO{
    /fli6o uf}/jsf] sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z ul/Psf]
    jg ;+/If0f ug]{ r'/] efj/ t/fO{ dw]z ljsf; ;ldlt u7g
    r'/] Pp6f Osf]6f]g xf] h;n] a9L h;n]
    al9 afof] 8fOel;{6L .
    !@* j6f jg pkef]Qmf ;d'xaf6 ;+/If0fsf]
    195

    r'gf}lt

    dfgj l;lh{t
    clgolGqt a;f]af;, jg
    cltqmd0f, 89]nsf], clt rl/r/0f,
    9'+uf, lu6\6L, afn' cflb k|fs[lts
    ;|f]tsf] clglGqt pTvgg\ tyf
    cf];f/ k;f/ .
    jftfj/0fLo ;f]r lagfsf] lgdf{0f
    sfo{ .
    k|fs[lts sf/0f

    ;Defjgf
    jg k}bfjf/sf]
    dfu ;Daf]wg
    e" ;+/If0f ug]{

    cj;/

    r'gf}lt

    sfo{ eO{/x]sf] .
    jg k}bfjf/ ahfl/s/0fsf] /fd|f] cj:yfhg;+Vof_
    ;+/If0fsf j}1flgs k|ljlwx?-afof]
    OlGhlgol/+u_
    e" ;+/If0f ;d'xaf6 ;+/If0f .

    df6f] k|b'if0f

    ljkb
    Aoj:yfkg

    ;+/If0f v]tLkfltsf] af/]df hgr]tgf


    clej[l4 eO{/x]sf] .
    ljleGg lgsfoaf6 df6f] ;+/If0f-af9L,
    klx/f], e" Ifo, gbL lgoGq0f sfo{_
    kmf]x/ Aoj:yfkgaf6 sDkf]i6 dn
    sDkf]i6 dn tyf h}ljs dnsf] k|of]u
    lhNnf :t/df ljkb Aoj:yfkg ;+oGql;l8cf]sf] cWoIftf_
    jflg{ l;:6d-sf]zL kLl8t ;dfh_
    6f]n / j8f :t/df ljkb\ Aoj:yfkg
    ;d'x tyf ;~hfn af9L gS;f+sg
    aftfj/0fd}qL :yfgLo zf;g ljkb
    Joj:yfkg sfo{ljwL ePsf]
    aftfj/0fd}qL :yfgLo zf;gcg';f/
    ah]6 ljlgof]hg ug{ ;'? u/]sf] .

    sdhf]/ e" agf]6


    cTolws le/fnf]kg
    ;+s]lGb|t aiff{
    jg cltqmd0f
    ul/aLk|ltsf] ;xfg'e"lt
    jgsf] x}l;ot /fd|f] gx'g' .
    rf]/L lgsf;L
    ckof{Kt nufgL
    jg ;+/If0f gLlt sfof{Gjog x'g
    g;Sg' .
    ;d:of ;Daf]wg ug{ kof{Kt
    ;|f]tsf] cefj
    ;dGjosf] cefj-;+/If0f sfo{df_
    /;folgs dn tyf sL6gfzssf]
    k|of]u .
    cj}1flgs v]tLkflt tyf e"
    pkof]u

    kof{Kt tof/Lsf] cefj .


    ;a} 7fpFdf :yfgLo :t/df ;d'x
    gx'g' .
    ;d'bfo ;r]t g/x]sf] .
    aftfj/0fd}qL :yfgLo zf;g
    /fd|/L sfof{Gjog gul/Psf] .
    :yfgLo lgsfon] aftfj/0fd}qL
    :yfgLo zf;g nfO{ gk5\ofPsf] c+lusf/ gu/]sf]_

    -@_ cfly{s ;d'x


    s[lifsf]
    ;Defjgf 5 .

    s[lif of]Uo hUuf pknAw x'g' .


    l;+rfO{sf] nflu gbL, kf]v/L tyf bxx?
    x'g' .
    ahf/sf] pknAwtf .
    ;/sf/L hUufx? x'g' .

    196

    ls;fgn] cg'bfg / ;x'lnot C0f


    gkfpg' .
    ;dodf dn vfb ljp ljhg
    gkfpg' .
    l;+rfO{sf] cefj / cfsfz] kfgLsf]
    e/ kg'{ kg]{ .
    ;/sf/L hUufnfO{ Aojl:yt ?kdf
    pkof]u ug{ g;Sg' .
    wfg / ux'F dfq pTkfbg ul/g' .

    ;Defjgf

    kz' ljsf;sf]
    ;Defjgf

    kmnkm"n
    t/sf/Lsf]
    ;Defjgf

    cj;/

    r'gf}lt

    ;/sf/L hUuf 5 .
    jg h+un 5 .
    s[lif pTkfbg 5 .
    s[lifdf cfl>t hgzlQm 5 .
    o'jf zlQm 5 .
    s[ifsx?n] pTkfbg ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ .

    l;+rfO{sf]
    ;Defjgf

    rGb| gx/, sf]zL kDk gx/, kf]v/Lx?


    x'g' .

    vfg]kfgL tyf
    ;/;kmfO{

    ;|f]t pknAw x'g' .

    pBf]u, vfgLsf]
    ;Defjgf

    uh]Gb|gf/fo0f l;+x cf}Bf]lus If]q x'g' .


    af]8/{ nfOg pknAw x'g' .
    9'fsf] vfgL x'g' .
    197

    :yfgLo ljp ljhg /fd|f] ePtfklg


    ljb]zaf6 cfpg] ;:tf] d"Nosf]
    sf/0f sd;n ljp nufpg afWo
    x'g' .
    ;"rgfsf] sdL x'g' .
    ;r]tgfd'ns sfo{qmd x'g g;Sg' .
    ;x'lnot C0f / cg'bfg k|fKt
    gx'g' .
    ladfsf] /fd|f] Aoj:yf gx'g' .
    a]df};dL v]lt ug]{ k|ljwLsf af/]df
    sd 1fg x'g' . s[lif ;|f]t s]Gb| sd
    x'g' . ljp ljhgsf] ljt/0f
    O6xl/af6 x'g] u/]sf]n] c;lhnf]
    x'g' .
    lhNnf ;b/d'sfddf vfB :6f]/
    ;fdu|L / :6f]/sf] cefj x'g' .
    k|fljlws ;xof]u k|fKt gx'g' .
    t/sf/L v]tLnfO{ ;+ul7t ?kdf
    ug{ k|f]T;fxg lbg g;Sg' .
    kDk dd{t ug{ sl7g x'g' .
    ljh'nLsf] aLn cTolws cfpg]
    ugf{n] e'QmfgL ug{ g;Sg' . ljB't
    lgoldt cfk"lt{ gx'g' . kfgLsf]
    ;tx 36g' . 8Lk af]l/ gx'g' .
    kfgLsf] c;'ljwf ePsf] 7fpFdf
    cf]e/x]8 6\ofFssf] Aoj:yf gx'g' .
    grflxg] 7fpFdf cgfjZos nufgL
    x'g' .
    cfjZos 7fpFdf 8Lk af]l/ gx'g' .
    v'nf 7fpFdf lb;f lk;fa ug]{
    k|a[lQ x'g' .
    ul/a kl/jf/sf] 3/df rfkfsnsf]
    Aoj:yf gx'g' .
    ljsf; ug]{ ;/sf/sf] gLlt 5}g .
    o'jf /f]huf/Lsf] nflu ;/sf/sf]
    nufgL gx'g' .

    ;Defjgf

    cj;/

    r'gf}lt

    ko{6g
    ljsf;sf]
    ;Defjgf

    d7 dlGb/ / k'/fgf] b/af/ x'g' .

    ljQLo ;+:yf

    ;/sf/L a}+sx? x'g' .


    lghL If]qsf a}+sx? x'g' .
    ;xsf/L ;+3;+:yfx? x'g' .

    lghL If]q nufgL ug{ tof/ 5 t/


    ;'/Iffsf] sdL x'g' .
    lhNnfdf ;8ssf] cj:yf /fd|f]
    gx'g' .
    sf]zL 6Kk' jGohGt' cf/If /fli6o
    lgs'~hsf] ;b'kof]u ug{ g;Sg' .
    /fhdfu{b]lv /fhlj/h ;Ddsf]
    af6f] rf}8f gx'g' .
    ko{6sLo ljsf;;DalGw gLltsf]
    sdL
    ;/sf/ / lghL If]qaLr ;DaGw
    gx'g' .
    ljdfg:yn ;~rfngdf gcfpg' .
    ef/tLo ;Ldf;Dd k'Ug] af6f] /fd|f]
    gx'g' .
    ;a} hgtfsf] kx'Fr x'g g;Sg' .
    s[lif ljsf; a}+saf6 ls;fgnfO{
    C0f pknAw gu/fpg' .
    rsf]{ Aofhdf C0f lng'kg]{ afWotf
    x'g' .
    ls;fgx? ;dodf C0f gkfPsf]
    sf/0f xtf]T;fxL x'g' .

    -#_ ;fdflhs ;d'x


    lszf]/ lszf]/L
    ljsf; /
    ;xeflutf
    of}lgstf lzIff

    o"jf :j/f]huf/

    dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{no,


    o'lg;]km, o'PgPkmlkP, ;]e b lrN8]g
    cflbn] sfd ub}{ cfPsf] .
    cfly{s ;fIf/tfsfnflu sfd u/]sf] .
    k/fdz{ s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf
    kf7\ok':tsdf of}glzIff
    ;+3;+:yfx?n] sfd u/]sf] .
    ;~rf/dfWod?f/f hfgsf/L
    bf}+t/L lzIffsf] Aoj:yf .
    o"jf :j/f]huf/ sf]if :yfkgf
    o"jf nlIft sfo{qmd x'g' .
    ;Lkdf cfwfl/t lzIff

    198

    o'jfx?df nfu' cf}ifwsf] s'nt x'g'


    .
    sd pd]/df ljjfx ug'{ .
    of}g lx+;f x'g' .
    lzIfsn] /fd|f];Fu gk9fpg' lzIfsn] g} nfh dfGg'_
    pko'Qm ;dodf sfo{qmd ;~rfng
    gx'g' .
    xft] ;fdu|Lsf] cefj
    sfof{Gjog lkmtnf] x'g' .
    /fhg}lts x:tIf]k x'g' .
    lg0f{o k|lqmofdf o"jfsf] ;xeflutf
    gx'g' .

    ;Defjgf

    cj;/

    ckf
    afnaflnsfsf]
    lzIffdf kof{Kt
    kx'Fr x'g ;S5

    ckfd}qL sIffsf] lgdf{0f x'Fb} uPsf] .


    ckftfk|ltsf] b[li6sf]0fdf kl/jt{g x'Fb}
    uPsf] .
    s]xL dfqfdf ;dflxt lzIffsf] Aoj:yf
    ePsf] .
    cf+lzs ?kdf ckfd}qL z}lIfs
    ;fdu|Lsf] klg pknAwtf
    ljleGg bft[ lgsfoaf6 s]xL dfqfdf
    ;xfos ;fdu|L pknAw ePsf] .
    ljleGg tflndx?-;fFs]lts, a}n lnkL,
    udglzntf_ klg cf+lzs ?kdf
    ;~rfng ePsf] .

    ckftf ePsf
    AolQmx?
    cfTdlge{/ eO{
    cfkm\gf] b}lgs
    lqmofsnfkdf
    ;+nUg x'g
    ;S5g\ .

    r'gf}lt

    oyfy{ tYof+s
    pknAw u/L
    sfo{amdx?
    lgdf{0f x'g
    ;S5 .

    cf+lzs ?kdf tYof+s pknAw ePsf] .

    n}lus lx+;f
    Go"lgs/0f ug{
    ;lsG5 .

    ljleGg ;r]tgfd'ns sfo{qmdx?


    ;~rfng eO{/x]sf] .
    h];L sldl6 5 .
    cfocfh{gsf] nflu ljleGg lzkd'ns
    sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng eO{/x]sf] .
    dlxnf lx+;fdf sfd ug]{ ljleGg
    ;+3;+:yfx? ;lqmo /x]sf] .
    dlxnf clwsf/sdL{x? klg lg/Gt/
    cfjfh p7fpg ;'? u/]sf] .
    ;]km xfp; 5g\ .
    kLl8t /fxt sf]if /x]sf] 5 .

    199

    ljBfnosf] ef}lts ;+/rgf


    ckfd}qL gx'g' .
    ljBfnosf] Aojxfl/s jftfj/0fdf
    klg kof{Kt ;'wf/ x'g g;Sg' .
    kof{Kt dfqfdf tflnd k|fKt
    lzIfssf] cefj-;fFs]lts, a|]n
    lnkL, af}l4s_
    pknAw ePsf ;fdu|Lx?sf] klg
    pkof]lutfk"j{s k|of]udf
    gNofpg'Nofpg gnufpg' .
    kof{Kt ;xfos ;fdu|L pknAw x'g
    g;Sg' .
    pknAw ePklg ;xfos ;fdu|Lsf]
    d"No ltg{ g;Sg' .
    cfjZoQmf cg';f/ kof{Kt tflnd
    ;fdu|Lsf] cefj .
    hgu0fgf ubf{sf] avt k|efjsf/L
    u0fsx?sf] cefj tyf
    lhDd]jf/Lsf] klg cefj x'g' .
    ;/f]sf/jfnf-lhlj;, lhk|sf,
    lhNnf k|x/L, gful/s ;dfh,
    /fhgLlts bn_ sf] yk ;xof]usf]
    cfjZoQmf .
    kL8ssf] kIfaf6 kLl8tdfly bafj
    cfpFbf kLl8t emg\ k5fl8 kg'{ .
    $% lbgkl5 ;]km xfp;df a:g
    gkfPkl5 ;8sdf hfg' kg]{ cj:yf
    5.

    ;Defjgf

    cj;/

    r'gf}lt

    Psn dlxnfsf]
    Ifdtf clej[l4
    x'g ;S5 .

    hgr]tgfsf] sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng


    ePsf] .
    lzkd'ns tflnd tyf pRr lzIffdf
    kx'Fr ePsf] .
    ;/sf/L lgsfodf klg cf+lzs ?kdf
    ;xeflutf /x]sf] .

    of}lgs tyf
    n}+lus
    cNk;+Vosx?,
    ;dlnL tyf
    t];|f]
    lnLx?dfly
    x'g] ;fdflhs
    tyf nf~5gf
    tyf e]befj
    Go"lgs/0f ug{
    ;lsG5 .
    of}lgs tyf
    n}+lus
    cNk;+Vosx?s
    f]nflu Ifdtf
    ljsf; eO{
    cfTdlge{/
    x'g]5 .
    PrcfO{eL /
    P8\; /f]syfd
    sfo{qmd ug{
    ;lsG5 .

    ;Kt/L lhNfndf of}lgs tyf n}lus


    cNk;+Vosx?sf] nflu ;+u7g :yfkgf
    ePsf] .
    lhlj; / gu/kflnsfn] ;dln+uL tyf
    t];|f]ln+uLx?sf] ah]6 ljlgof]hgsf]nflu
    kxn ePsf] .
    t];|f]ln+uLsf] ;jfnx?nfO{ kf7\ok':tsdf
    ;dfj]z / gful/stf, kf;kf]6{df t];|f]
    ln+uL eg]/ pNn]v ePsf] .

    Psn dlxnfnfO{ x]g]{ ;fdflhs


    b[li6sf]0fdf g} w]/} ;'wf/ Nofpg'kg]{
    .
    3/ kl/jf/sf] ;d]t c;xof]u
    eO{/x]sf] .
    gful/stfsf] ;d:of
    ljjfx btf{sf] ;d:of .
    ;Dkltdf Psn dlxnfsf] kx'Frsf]
    cefj .
    r]tgfsf] sdL .
    afn ljjfx .
    bx]h k|yf .
    Gofodf Psn dlxnfsf] kx'Frdf
    sdL .
    3/ kl/jf/, ;dfhsf] dfofaf6
    jl~rt x'g', alxis[t x'g' .
    hah{:tL ljkl/t ln+uL;Fu ljjfx
    ul/lbg] u/]sf] .
    :jtGq ?kn] lx+88'n ug{ gkfpg] .
    ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx? M c:ktfn,
    ljBfno, rkL{ h:tf ;]jfsf]
    ;d:of .
    k}lqs ;Dkltaf6 jl~rt

    ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L lgsfodf l;k


    ljsf; h:tf sfo{qmddf ;xefuL
    u/fPsf] .
    :yfgLo lgsfodf jsfnt tyf k}/aL
    u/]sf] .
    t];|f]ln+uL:x? v'Ng ;xh ePsf] .

    cfwf/e"t lzIff, /f]huf/, :jf:Yo,


    dfgjclwsf/, 5fqj[lQaf6 jl~rt
    ePsf] .

    bft[ lgsfox?sf] ;xof]udf @))& b]lv


    PrcfO{eL / P8\; sfo{qmd ;~rfng
    ePsf] .
    ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] uflj;x?df ;fyL
    lzIfs sfo{qmd ;~rfng ePsf] .
    s08d, n'la|s]G6 / lnkmn]6 ljt/0fdf
    kx'Fr ePsf] .

    of}g/f]u tyf PrcfO{eL / P8\;sf]


    hf]lvd .

    200

    ;Defjgf

    cj;/

    r'gf}lt

    5'jf5'td'Qm
    ;dfhsf]
    l;h{gf .

    sfg'gL lgod / dfGotfsf] pknAwtf .


    lzIffdf kx'Fr a9]sf] .
    5'jf5't lj?4sf] hgr]tgfd'ns
    sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng eO{/x]sf] .
    cGt/hflto ljjfx / ;+/If0fsf] Aoj:yf
    ePsf] .
    dlxnfsf]
    pd]/ k'uL ljjfx ug]{ k|rng a9]sf] .
    k|hgg
    ;~rf/dfWodsf] k|of]u k|r'/ dfqfdf
    :jf:Yodf ;'wf/
    ePsf] .
    x'g]5 .
    dlxnfsf] k|hgg :jf:Yosf] sfg'gL
    dfGotf ePsf] .
    lkm:6'nfsf] lgMz'Ns ck/]zgsf] ;'ljwf
    w/fgdf ePsf] .
    dlxnfsf] dGh'/Ldf ue{ktg ug{ kfpg]
    .
    kf7]3/ v:g] ;d:ofsf]nflu lgMz'Ns
    ;]jf ug]{ ;+3 ;+:yfx? sfo{/t x'g' .

    v'nf lb;fd'Qm ;Kt/LnfO{ ;g\ @)!^ ;Dd v'nf


    lhNnfsf] ?kdf
    lb;fd'Qm If]q 3f]if0ff ug]{ lg0f{o
    ;Kt/Lsf]
    eO{;s]sf] .
    ljsf; x'g]5 . ;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ ;Fu;Fu}
    n}hfg] k|of;x? eO{/x]sf] .
    afnaflnsf /
    aftfj/0fd}qL :yfgLo zf;g, afn
    lszf]/lszf]/L
    Sna, ;~hfn, ;+3;+:yfsf] Aoj:yf
    ePsf], o'lg;]km, ;]e b lrN8]g, qm];
    g]kfn nufosf ;+:yfx? sfo{/t
    /x]sf] .

    sfg'gn] bl08t u/]klg ;dfhdf


    sfod} /x]sf] .
    ?9LjfbL / cGwljZjf; sfod /xg'
    .
    jfn ljjfx, bfOhf] k|yf,
    ljjfxdf cfkm\gf] lg0f{o gx'g' .
    5f]/f g} rflxG5 eGg] k'/ftg ;f]r
    sfod /xg' .
    pd]/ gk'uL efUg'df r]tgfsf]
    cefj .
    kf7]3/ v:g] ;d:of .

    lhNnfsf] ;|f]t ;fwgsf] plrt


    Aoj:yfkgsf] cefj .

    aRrf hGdfpg] dlxnfsf]


    clwsf/sf] af/]df gLlt gx'g' .
    kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf] s'g ;fwg
    k|of]u ug]{ eGg] laifodf dlxnfnfO{
    clwsf/ gx'g' .
    afn>d, afn of}g b'Ao{jxf/
    lszf]/ lszf]/L lzIff, hGd btf{,
    36gf btf{ gu/fpg' .

    -$_ ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ;d'x


    u|fdL0f / zx/L
    ;8s lgdf{0f
    x'g' .

    ;dy/ hUuf .
    lgdf{0f ;fdu|L h:t} /f]8f, afn'jf,
    cflbsf] ;xh pknAwtf .
    lhNNff oftfoft u'? of]hgf
    (DTMP)tof/ ePsf] .

    201

    x'nfsL ;8s dd{t ;Def/ gx'g' .


    gbLdf k'n gePsf] sf/0f ;d:of
    x'g' .
    u|fdL0f ;8s lgdf{0fdf plrt
    Wofg / ah]6 gk'Ug' .
    s[lif ;8snfO{ k|fyldstf glbg' .
    ;8s cltqmd0f x'g' .

    ;Defjgf

    cj;/

    r'gf}lt
    l8lh6n Doflk u/L ;8s olsg
    x'g g;Sg' .
    ;8s juL{s/0f ug]{ sfd gePsf] .
    ;8s b'O{tkmL{] x'g] u/L km/flsnf]
    gx'g' .
    ;~rf/sf ;fwg ;lhn} pknAw
    gx'g' .
    afof] Uof;df ul/asf] kx'Fr gx'g' .
    vfg]kfgL 6\ofFsLx?sf] ;b'kof]u
    gePsf] .
    ljtl/t vfg]kfgLsf] z'4tfk|lt
    hgtf cfZj:t x'g g;Sg' .
    hldg d'gLsf] kfgLdf cf;]{lgs x'g'
    .
    lgdf{0f sfo{sf] cg'udg /fd|f] gx'g]
    u/]sf] .

    -v_= AolQmut?kdf ;+sng ul/Psf ckftf ePsf JolQmx?sf ;jfnx?


    @)&! c;f/ !# / !$ ut] dlxnf, blnt ;d'bfo / ckf+utf ePsf AolQmx?;Fu lhNnf:t/df
    ul/Psf] cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdaf6 klxrfg ePsf ;jfnx? lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ .
    ckftf ePsf JolQmx?nfO{ ;dfhn] x]]g{] b[[li6sf]0f
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    ckftf ePsf] JolQmnfO{ ufFp3/df x]nf ul/G5 .


    ckftf ePsf] JolQmx?nfO{ km/s b[li6sf0fn] x]g]{ / ;dfhaf6 al~rt ug]{ u/LPsf] 5 .
    w]/} o:tf] sfdx? 5g\ h'g ckftf ePsf] JolQmn] ug{ ;S5g, t/ ;fdflhs :t/af6
    a'emfO{df km/s eP/ ug'{ ;Dej x'Fb}g .
    ckftf ePsf] JolQmx?sf] cleefjsdf r]tgfsf] sdL /x]sf] 5, h;n] ubf{ ckftf ePsf]
    JolQmx? 3/kl/jf/ / 6f]naf6 ckx]lnt 5g\ .
    ckftf ePsf dlxnfx? 3/kl/jf/ / ;dfhaf6 w]/} ckx]lnt 5g\ .
    ckftf ePsf dlxnfx?sf] lajfx ug{df klg ;d:of 5 .
    ckftf ePsf] JolQm k|ltsf] e]befj, lzIffsf] sdL, hgr]tgfsf] sdL .
    af}l4s ckftf ePsf] JolQmsf] x]/rfx / ;+/If0fsf] sdL, pgLx?sf] nflu cfjZos laBfno
    / ;+3;+:yf gePsf] .
    af}l4s ckftf ePsf JolQmx?sf] cleefjsx?df pQ/bfloTj ;DaGwdf hgr]tgf gePsf] .
    ckftf ePsf] JolQmnfO{ 3/af6 aflx/ lg:sg lb+b}g .
    202

    ckftf ePsf JolQmx?sf] cfly{s cj:yf -cfo cfh{g / /f]huf/L_


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    ckftf ePsf] JolQmx? xfn a]/f]huf/Lsf] ;d:ofdf 5g\ .


    km/s Ifdtf ePsf] JolQmn] /f]huf/ kfpg g;s]sf] x'+bf p;sf] 5f]/f5f]/Lx? ul/jLsf] s'rqmdf
    k/]sf 5g\ / pgLx?n] klg lasf;sf] d"nk|jfxdf ;dfj]z x'g lgs} r'gf}lt em]Ng' k/]sf] 5 .
    xfdL zf/Ll/s ckftf ePsf] sf/0fn] sfdsfh ug{ g;s]sf]n] ubf{ cfo cfh{gdf ;d:of
    x'G5, h;sf] sf/0f xfdLnfO{ vfg nfpg klg ;d:of 5 .
    ckftf ePsf] JolQmx?df lzksf] sdL .
    xfd|f] ufpFdf ckftf ePsf] JolQmx?sf] nfuL lgz'Ns lzkd'ns tflnd ePdf pgLx? cfTd
    lge{/ eO{ cfgf] lhjgofkg ;+rfng ug{ kfOg] lyof] .
    ckftf ePsf] JolQmx? a]/f]huf/ eP/ a;]sf 5g, pgLx?nfO{ ;'xfpFbf] lzkd'ns tflnd
    lbg' kg]{ .
    km/s Ifdtf ePsf] JolQmn] cj;/ kfpg g;Sg' .
    zf/Ll/s ckftf ePsf] JolQmx?df lx8\gdf ;d:of ePsf] sf/0f ;dodf sfof{no k'Ugdf
    sl7gfO{ .

    ckftf ePsf JolQmx?sf] ;fdflhs tyf ;]jfdf kx'Frsf cj:yf


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    cfdf a'af a]/f]huf/ ePsf]n] ckf JolQmnfO{ k9fO{df c;/ k5{ .


    km/s Ifdtf ePsf JolQmx?sf] xfn lzIffsf] kgL 7"nf] r'gf}lt b]lvPsf] 5 .
    ;Kt/L lhNnf e/Ldf ckftf ePsf afnaflnsfx? lzIffaf6 al~rt ePsf] / ;/sf/ af6
    k|fKt cg'bfg klg gkfPsf] .
    ckftf ePsf] afnaflnsfnfO{ lx8\g / laBfno hfg ;d:of 5 .
    k9fO{ n]vfO{ tyf b}lgs lhjgdf cuf8L a9g' kg]{ ;jfn .
    ckftf ePsf] JolQmnfO{ laBfnodf k9g] / 5fqj[lQ lbg' kg]{ .
    km/s Ifdtf ePsf JolQmnfO{ bIf gfu/Lssf] ?kdf tof/ ug{ ;Ifd k"jf{wf/sf] 68\sf/f]
    cfjZostf k/]sf] 5 . bIf lzIfs / cfjZos k"jf{wf/sf] lgs} cefj /x]sf] 5 .
    ul/jL tyf ckftfsf] sf/0f laBfnoSofDk; k9\gdf cK7\of/f] ePsf] .
    ckftf ePsf dlxnfx?nfO{ cfgf] clwsf/ s] s] 5g eg]/ hfgsf/L gePsf] .

    ckftf ePsf JolQmx?sf] tYof+s tyf gLltsf] cj:yf


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    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf ckftf ePsf] JolQmx?sf] ;lx tYof+s gx'g' .


    laifout of]hgfdf af}l4s ckftfsf] ;jfn g;d]l6Psf] .
    laleGg ckftf ePsf] JolQmsf] kl/ro jf klxrfg oy]i6 gePsf] .
    ;Kt/Ldf ckfd}qL laBfno / ;/sf/L sfof{no gePsf]n] ckftf ePsf] JolQmx?n]
    ;d:of ef]uL/x]sf 5g\ .
    203

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    11.

    ;Kt/L lhNnfdf ckftf ;jfn;+u hf]8g] ;/sf/L sfof{nox?df kmf]sn JolQmx? 5g t/


    pgLx?nfO{ ckftfsf] auL{s/0faf/] hfgsf/L gx'g' .
    ckfx?sf] cfo cfh{gsf] nflu /fHo kIfaf6 ljgf lwtf] C0fsf] Joj:yf ug]{ gLlt gePsf] .
    ldlt @)^( ;fndf h]l;h lgDg dfWoflds laBfnodf %^ dlxgf sfd u/fP/ lg:sf;g
    u/LlbPsf] .
    a; tyf oftfoftdf s'g} 5'6 gkfPsf] .
    ckftf eQf gkfPsf] .
    ckftf ePsf] JolQmx?n] laleGg ;d:ofx? ef]Ug' kg]{ ePsf]n] 3/kfos /f]huf/sf] Joj:yf
    x'g' kg]{ .
    ckfx?sf] lzk lasf; tyf k'gM{:yfkgfsf] Joj:yf gePsf], h:t}M 6fO;fOsn, XjLnlro/,
    a}zfvL, s[lqd c+u cflb .

    -u_= AolQmut ?kdf blnt ju{sf JolQmx?af6 ;+slnt ;jfnx?


    blnt ju{sf] ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] cj:yf
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    uflj;df 5'jf5'tsf] ;d:of / hflto e]befj cem} laBdfg 5 .


    /fhgLltdf blnt ju{sf] kx"Fr sd ePsf] .
    ;Kt/Ldf blntsf] kx'Fr s'g} lgsfodf 5}g / s;}n] blntnfO{ dfGotf lb+b}g .
    blnt ;d'bfodf dlxnfx?nfO{ a9L lx+;f x'G5 / dlxnfx?sf] sfo{af]em a9L 5 .
    ckftf ePsf blntx?nfO{ s'g} ;'ljwf gePsf] .
    cGt/hflto ljjfx ubf{ 7"nf] ju{n] blntnfO{ x]Kg] s'6\g], / af6f] aGb ug]{ ;d:of .
    uflj;df ah]6 dlxnf / blntx?nfO{ glbg], blnt afnaflnsfx?sf] nflu sfo{qmd tyf
    ah]6 glbPsf] .
    blntnfO{ v]tdf sfd ug{ glbg] ;d:of .
    :yfgLo txdf sfg"gL ;xfotfsf] ;'ljwf 5}g .

    blnt ju{sf] cfly{s cj:yf -a;f]af;, cfo cfh{g / /f]huf/L_


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    k9]n]v]sf blnt o'jfx? a]/f]huf/ 5g\ .


    blnt dlxnfx?nfO{ /f]huf/ kfpg' c?nfO{ hlt ;lhnf] 5}g .
    blnt ePs} sf/0f blnt dlxnfx?nfO{ /f]huf/sf] cj;/af6 al~rt 5g\ .
    blntx?sf] cfo cfh{gsf] nflu lap k"FhLsf] Joj:yf gePsf] .
    blnt a:tLdf af;:yfg /fd|f] 5}g, a;f]af; / hUufsf] ;d:of 5 - hgtf cfjf;
    sfo{qmdnfO{ a9fpg' k/\of]_ .
    blnt ;d'bfodf u/LjL w]/} 5, u/LjL lgjf/0f sfo{qmdnfO{ a9fpg' k/\of] .

    204

    blnt ju{sf] ;fdflhs tyf ;]jfdf kx'Frsf cj:yf


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    blnt ;d'bfodf afn lzIff sfo{qmd / afn lasf; s]Gb| ejg gePsf] .
    blnt ;d'bfodf hgr]tgfsf] sdL 5 .
    !) b]lv !* aif{sf] blnt lszf]/ lszf]/Lx?n] Ifdtf ljsf; tflnd gkfPsf] .
    blntx?df lzIffsf] sdL /x]sf] 5 .
    blnt j:tLdf ;/;kmfO{, vfg]kfgL -6\o'a]n ck'u_, / rkL{sf] ;d:of 5 .
    l;tfk'/ uflj; e]befj / lzIffsf] sf/0f blntx?sf] w]/} ;d:of 5 / rkL{ gePsf]
    sf/0fn] w]/} ;d:of 5 .
    blnt j:tLdf af6f]3f6f]sf] ;d:of 5, af6f] ulx/f] / lxnf] 5 .
    gfu/Ls ;r]tgf s]Gb|sf] ejgsf] ;d:of 5 .
    blnt j:tLdf s;}sf] 3/df rkL{ 5}g .
    blnt dlxnfx?df cf v:g] ;d:of 5 .
    blnt dlxnfx? u/La ePsf] sf/0fn] r]tgfdf kx'Fr x'g ;s]g .
    blntx? cfkm}+ clzlIft ePsf] sf/0fn] 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ lzIff lbb}+g .
    blnt a:tLdf 7"nf] 3/ 5}g, To;}n] ;fd'bflos ejgsf] cfjZostf 5 -aRrfx?nfO{
    6\o";g k9fpg] 7fFp 5}g_ .

    -3_= AolQmut?kdf dlxnfx?af6 ;+sng ul/Psf dlxnfsf ;jfnx?


    dlxnfx?sf] ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] cj:yf
    1.
    2.
    3.
    4.
    5.
    6.
    7.
    8.
    9.
    10.
    11.

    s'g} klg ljsf; sfo{of]hgfdf dlxnfx?nfO{ ;xefuL u/fOb}gg\ . dlxnfx?sf] cfjZostf


    sfof{Gjog ul/ lbb}gg\ .
    x/]s sfof{nodf dlxnfsf] ;jfnx?nfO{ ;'lgFb}gM sfof{nox?df dlxnf sd{rf/L clgjfo{
    ?kdf gePsf] .
    dlxnfx? nfO{ x/]s If]qdf %) k|ltzt clwsf/ lbg'kg]{ t/ gePsf] .
    :yfgLo ;|f]t ;fwg kx'Fsf] laifodf vf; u/L uflj;sf dlxnfx?nfO{ hfgsf/L gu/fOPsf] .
    :yfgLo lgsfodf ePsf dlxnf ;DaGwL ah]6sf] af/]df /fhgLlts bnsf dlxnfx?nfO{
    hfgsf/L glbg] u/]sf] .
    ah]6, of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdaf/] hfgsf/Lsf] cefj, hfgsf/L ePklg dlxnfsf] lgis[o
    ;xeflutf x'g] u/]sf] .
    :yfgLo lgsfosf] dlxnf;DaGwL ah]6 ljlgof]hgdf dlxnfx?nfO{ ;xefuL gu/fpg' .
    /fhgLltdf dlxnfsf] kx'Frsf] sdL .
    /fhgLltdf ;xefuL dlxnfsf] ;fwg ;|f]tsf] sdL x'g' .
    dlxnf :jf:Yo :jod\;]ljsfn] lgMz'Ns ?kdf ;]jf ub}{ cfPklg :yfgLo lgsfodf
    pgLx?sf]nflu 5'6\6} ah]6sf] Joj:yf gePsf] .
    blnt dlxnfsf] ljsf; ;DalGw sfo{qmd kof{Kt gx'g' .
    205

    dlxnfx?sf] cfly{s cj:yf -a;f]af;, cfo cfh{g / /f]huf/L_


    1.
    2.
    3.

    dlxnfnfO{ /f]huf/Lsf] ;d:of .


    blnt dlxnfx?sfnflu ;Lkd'ns tflnd glbOg' .
    dlxnfx?nfO{ cfly{s ;d:ofn] ufFh]sf] 5 .

    dlxnfx?sf] ;fdflhs tyf ;]jfdf kx'Frsf cj:yf


    1.
    2.
    3.
    4.
    5.
    6.
    7.

    dlxnfnfO{ lzIffsf] cefj, cj;/df kx'Frsf] cefj .


    blnt ;d'bfosf] aflnsfx?sf] lzIffdf kx'Frsf] sdL .
    ljBfnodf cfpg] blnt afnaflnsfn]] ;]jf ;'ljwf gkfpg' .
    dlxnf ;+:yfdf cfDbfgL gePsf]n] dlxnfx?nfO{ hgr]tgf hufpg g;lsPsf] .
    lszf]/Lx?nfO{ dlxgfaf/Lsf] ;d:of, kf7]3/ v:g], of}g/f]ux?af6 u|l;t 5g\ .
    ;"rgfsf] cefjn] ubf{ Gofodf dlxnfsf] kx'Frsf] sdL .
    kf/flnun ;ldltdf Ifdtf ljsf;sf] cfjZostf .

    dlxnfx?sf] clwsf/ ;+/If0fsf] cj:yf


    1.
    2.
    3.
    4.
    5.
    6.
    7.
    8.
    9.
    10.
    11.

    dlxnf lx+;f, 3/]n' lx+;f cTolws /x]sf] .


    afn ljjfx cTolws x'g' .
    af]S;Lsf] cf/f]kdf zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s oftgf lbOg] u/]sf] .
    bfOhf] k|yf cTolws /x]sf]n] dlxnf kLl8t 5g\ .
    dlxnf ;'/Iffsf] nflu :yfgLo k|zf;g ;lqmotf kof{Kt gePsf] .
    ljjfx btf{ gul/g' .
    dlxnfnfO{ 3/aflx/ hfg glbg] / k/ k'?if;Fu af]Nbf z+sf ug]{ k|j[lQ /x]sf] .
    ufpFleq} dlxnf c;'/lIft 5g\ .
    Psn dlxnfx?nfO{ PSn} lx+8\g, af]Ng ;d:of /x]sf] .
    dlxnfnfO{ k'?if ;/x a/fa/ clwsf/ gePsf] .
    lx+;fdf kb}{ cfPsf h]i7 gful/ssf] nflu klg 5'6\6} sfo{qmd gePsf] .

    -_ ;d'x 5nkmnaf6 klxrfg ePsf ;jfnx?


    @)&! c;f/ !# ut] ;Kt/L lhNnfdf cfof]lht lhNnf:t/Lo cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf ckftf
    ePsf] AolQmx?n] klxrfg u/]sf glthfx?, ;d:ofx? / ;d:of ;dfwfgsf pkfox? tn tflnsf
    g+= !!=@ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

    206

    tflnsf g+=11.2M ;d'x 5nkmnaf6 klxrfg ePsf ;jfnx?


    s] ePsf] b]Vg rfxg'x'G5 <
    ;d:of s] 5g\<
    -s_ ckftfePsf JolQmx?
    != ckftf ePsf AolQmx?
    /fHof/f k|bQ xsflwsf/
    tyf ;]jf ;'ljwfx? ;xh
    ?kdf k|fKt u/L Aojxfl/s
    hLjg pkef]u ub}{ ;
    ;Ddfg hLjgofkg ul//x]sf]
    b]Vg rfxG5f}+ .

    af}l4s ckftf ePsf ;a}


    AolQmx?n] kl/ro kq k|fKt
    u/]sf x'g]5g\ .

    != /fHof/f pknAw ;]jf


    ;'ljwfx?sf] hfgsf/Lsf] cefj
    @= lzIff
    s_ ckfd}qL sIffsf]7fsf]
    cefj
    v_ tflnd k|fKt lzIfs /
    ;xof]uL -a|]n lnkL, ;fFs]lts
    efiff_ sf] cefj
    u_= ckfd}qL Aojxf/sf]
    cefj
    #= :jf:Yo
    s_ c:ktfndf ckfd}qL
    ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] cefj .
    v_ lgMz'Ns cf}iflw pkrf/sf]
    cefj
    u_ 5'} z}ofsf] cefj
    $= /f]huf/L
    v_ lghL ;+3 ;+:yfx?df
    ckftf ePs} sf/0f
    cj;/af6 jl~rt u/]sf] .
    u_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;Lk,
    bIftf xfl;n u/]sf / gu/]sf
    AolQmxsf] klxrfg gu/]sf] .
    % :yfgLo ;|f]t ;fwgdf
    kx'Frsf] cefj
    s_ uflj; :t/df ljsf;fTds
    5nkmn tyf of]hgfsf
    laifox?df ckfd}qL
    ;xeflutfsf] cefj
    u_ ;fdflhs e]befj tyf
    ?9LafbL k/Dk/f sfod .
    k|rf/ k|;f/ / r]tgfsf] sdL
    lhDd]jf/ lgsfon] k|fyldstf
    glbg' .

    af}l4s ckftf nufotsf

    ckfd}qL ljBfnosf]
    207

    s] ug'{knf{<

    != ;r]tgfd'ns sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng


    ug'{knf{ .
    @= ckfd}qL ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] kof{Kt
    lgdf{0f ug'{knf{ .
    #= ckftf ;DalGw ag]sf ;Dk"0f{ gLlt
    lgodx?sf] sfof{Gjog u/fpg' kg]{ .
    $= :jf:Yo ;DalGw gLlt, lgodsf]
    lg/Gt/ sfof{Gjogdf hf]8 lbg] .
    %=:yfgLo :t/df ckfd}qL ljz]if
    ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg]-cf}iflw, a]8_
    ^= lghL ;+3 ;+:yfx?nfO{ ckftf
    ePsf AolQmx?nfO{ klxnf]
    k|fyldstfdf /fvL sfd ug]{ cj;/
    lbg afWosf/L agfpg] vfnsf] gLlt
    lgdf{0f ug]{ .
    &= g]kfn ;/sf/n] hgu0fgf ubf{
    :ki6 / k"0f{ ;"rgf ;fj{hlgs ug{
    s8f Joj:yf ug]{ .
    (= g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lgodfg';f/
    ;dfj]zLtkm{ x'g] u/]sf ljleGg
    ls;Ldsf cfof]usf k/LIffx?df
    k/LIff s]Gb| ckfd}qL agfpg
    nufpg] .
    !)= ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu ckftf ePsf
    JolQmx?nfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf] ;]jf
    ;'ljwf ;DaGwdf cGt/lqmof ug]{ .

    ;a} uflj;df k|rf/ k|;f/ sfo{qmd


    ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ .
    ;a} af}l4s ckftf ePsf
    afnaflnsfx?n] /ftf] sf8{ k|fKt ug]{
    cj:yf ;[hgf u/L ;+ul7t u/fpg' kg]{
    / cleefjsx?nfO{ ;+ul7t u/fpg'kg]{
    xfn ePsf ljBfnox?df ckfd}qL

    s] ePsf] b]Vg rfxg'x'G5 <


    ;a} ckf afnaflnsfx?n]
    ;xh} ljBfno uP/
    k7gkf7g ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .

    ckf cleefjx?sf]
    cfocfh{g ;'lglZrt eO{
    hLjg ofkg ug{ ;lhnf]
    x'g]5 .
    ;Dk"0f{ kbflwsf/L tyf
    AolQmx?n] ckftf ePsf
    AolQmx?sf] lk/dsf{x?nfO{
    a'lem ;f]xL cg';f/sf]
    Aojxf/ u/]sf x'g] 5g\ .
    ;fd'bflos ;+3 ;+:yf
    ckfd}qL ePsf] x'g]5 .
    ckftf ePsf dlxnfx?n]
    klg ;Ddfgk"j{s afFRg
    kfPsf x'g]5g\ .
    /fHon] lbg] ;a} k|sf/sf
    ;'ljwfaf6 ;a} k|sf/sf
    ckftf ePsf AolQmx?
    nfeflGjt ePsf x'g] 5g\ .
    ckftf ePsf AolQmx?sf]
    ljjfx ePsf] b]Vg rfxG5f}+ .

    ;d:of s] 5g\<

    s] ug'{knf{<

    cefj .
    afnaflnsfnfO{ 6fO{
    ;fOsn pknAw gx'g' .
    afnaflnsfx?nfO{
    cfjZos :jf:Yo ;]jf
    pknAw gx'g' .
    ;Lkd'ns tflndsf ;fy}
    /f]huf/Lsf] cefj
    cfo cfh{g ;fgf, demf}nf
    pBf]u tflndsf] cefj
    ckftf ePsf AolQmx?sf]
    ;d:ofnfO{ ;/f]sf/jfnfn]
    ga'lemlbg'-sf/0f r]tgfsf]
    sdL_

    ejg lgdf{0f x'g'kg]{ .


    ckf afnaflnsfnfO{
    6fO{;fOsn;lxt ;a} ;xof]uL
    ;fdu|L pknAw u/fpg'kg]{ .
    c;Qm afnaflnsfx?nfO{ :jf:Yo
    ;'ljwf lbg'kg]{ .
    cfod'ns;Lkd'ns tflndsf] Aoj:yf
    ug]{ .
    ;xsf/Ldf cfa4 eO{ afv|f, ufO{e}+;L,
    ;'Fu'/ kfng sfo{qmd ug'{kg]{ .
    ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfosf kbflwsf/L tyf
    AolQmx?;Fu ckftf ePsf
    AolQmx?sf] aLr ;dfj]zL 9+un]
    ;xsfo{ ug]{ jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug'{kg]{ .

    ;fd'bflos ;+3;+:yf ckfd}qL


    gx'g-' ckftf ePsf]
    AolQmx?sf] lk/dsf{ a'em\g
    g;Sg'_
    ckftf ePsf dlxnf k'?ifsf]
    t'ngfdf a9L kLl8t x'g' .dlxnfk|lt x]g]{ b[li6sf]0fdf
    kl/jt{g gcfpg' ._
    /fHon] lbg] ;]jf ;'ljwfaf6
    clwsf+z ckf ju{ jl~rt
    x'g-' ;/sf/ ckftf ePsf
    AolQmk|lt Tolt ;+j]bgzLn
    gePsf], :ki6 dfkb08sf]
    cefj x'g'_
    ckftf ePsf AolQm;Fu ljx]
    ug{ gdfGg' .

    ;/sf/n] ;Dk"0f{ ;fd'bflos ;+3 ;+:yf


    ckfd}qL gx'g]nfO{ s'g} ls;Ldsf
    ;xof]u ;'ljwf gkfpg] gLlt
    agfpg'kg]{ .
    cleefjsaf6} pgLx?k|ltsf] wf/0ff
    kl/jt{g ug{ r]tgfd'ns sfo{qmd
    ug'{kg]{ .

    ckftf ePsf AolQmx?sf] ;Kt/Ldf ckf k'g/:yfkg


    k'g/:yfkgsfnlfu 5'}
    s]Gb| gx'g' .
    sfof{no ePsf] b]Vg rfxG5f}+
    .

    /fHon] ckftf ePsf AolQmx?fnflu


    lbg] ;'ljwfsf] nflu ;|f]tsf] a[l4
    ug'{kg]{ / ;]jf ;'ljwf ljt/0fsf] :i6
    dfkb08 lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{ .
    ckf / ckfaLr ljx] ug]{ hf]8LnfO{
    /f]huf/sf] Aoj:yf ul/g'kg]{ .
    ckf / ;faLr ljx] ug]{ hf]8LnfO{
    /fHo kIfn] slDtdf kfFr nfv ?k}ofF
    k|f]T;fxg :j?k lbg'kg]{ .
    /fHo kIfn] ;Kt/L lhNnfdf Ps
    k'g/:yfkg s]Gb| tyf ckftf ;xfotf
    s]Gb| lgdf{0f u/L kl/rfng ug'{kg]{ .

    -v_ dlxnfx?sf ;jfnx?


    ;a} dlxnfsf] lzIffdf kx'Fr

    lzIff cfh{g ug{ dlxnfx?n]


    208

    u'0f:t/Lo tyf k|efjsf/L lzIff

    s] ePsf] b]Vg rfxg'x'G5 <


    ePsf] x'g]5 .

    :yfgLo ljsf;sf] sfddf


    dlxnfx?sf] kx'Fr x'g]5 .
    ;Dk"0f{ dlxnfx?n] cfo
    cfh{g u/L cfTdlge{/
    ePsf] .
    5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ a/fa/Lsf] xs
    clwsf/ ePsf] .
    ;a} sfof{nodf a/fa/L k'?if
    / dlxnf sd{rf/L ePsf]

    ;d:of s] 5g\<
    cj;/ gkfpg'
    sf/0fM
    cfly{s cefj, ;fdflhs
    e]befj, 3/fo;L sfsf] af]em,
    dlxnf lzIffsf] dxTjsf]
    af/]df yfxf gx'g' .
    dlxnfx?nfO{ ;"rgfsf] cefj,
    ?l9afbL ;f]r tyf 3/fo;L
    sfdsf] af]em
    dlxnf clzlIft / 3/ kLl8t
    ePsf] b]lvG5 .

    a/fa/Lsf] clwsf/ gePsf]n]


    cfTdan 36]sf] b]lvG5 .
    dlxnf sd{rf/Lsf] ;V+of yf]/}
    ePsf]n] k'?if ju{af6 x]Kg]
    k|j[lQ ePsf] b]lvG5 .
    afn of}g zf]if0f cGTo
    afnaflnsfx?nfO{ ;fg}
    x'g'kg]{
    sIffb]lv of}g lzIffsf] Aoj:yf
    x'g'kg]{ .
    dlxnf / lszf]/Lx? of}glx+;f af6f]3f6f], PsfGt ePsf] a]nf
    / anfTsf/af6 d'Qm ePsf] . dlxnf lx+;f ljz]if x'G5 .
    lx+;f kLl8t dlxnfx?sf]
    Gofodf ;xh kx'Fr x'g]5 .

    ckf, Psn dlxnfx?sf]


    klg :yfgLo lgsfox?df
    cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutf ePsf]
    x'g]5 .
    dlxnfx?sf] :jf:Yodf ;'wf/
    ePsf] x'g]5 .
    bx]h lng] lbg] sfd sd
    ePsf] x'g]5 .
    afnljjfxdf cGTo ePsf] .

    s] ug'{knf{<
    ;~rfng x'g'kg]{ .
    zLk ljsf;sf] nflu sfo{fqmdx?
    ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ .
    hgr]tgfd'ns sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng
    ug'{kg]{ .
    %) k|ltzt dlxnfnfO{ clgjfo{ ?kdf
    ;xefuL u/fpg'kg]{ sfg"gL Joj:yf
    ug'{kg]{ / dlxnfx?nfO{ k|]/0ff lbg' kg]{
    dlxnfnfO{ lzlIft / lgw{Ss agfpg
    3/ kl/af/af6 ;xof]u ug'{knf{ .
    /fHoaf6 a/fa/Lsf] xs clwsf/sf]
    Aoj:yf ug'{knf{ .
    ;+ljwfgdf dlxnfx?sf] nflu %)
    k|ltzt /f]huf/Lsf] ;'lglZrt x'g'kg]{ .
    o;sf] nflu /fHoaf6 of}g lzIff
    ;DalGw kf7\oqmd g} nfu' ug'{knf{ .

    cfpg] ;do ;+ljwfgdf dlxnf lx+;f,


    afnaflnsf ;DaGwdf sfg'g agf];\,
    tflnd uf]i7L x'g'kg]{ .
    ;r]tgf jf lzIffsf] sdL
    hGdl;4 ;Dklt clwsf/sf] Joj:yf
    cfly{s cefj, lg0f{o Ifdtfdf /fHon] sfg'gL ;xfotf lgMz'Ns ug'{kg]{
    sdL
    .
    :yfgLo txdf sfg'gL dfGotf :yfgLo txdf sfg'gL clwjQmfsf]
    gx'g'
    b/aGbL x'gkg{] .
    kLl8tsf] ;fIfLsf] ;'/Iff g'x'g 5f]/LnfO{ pRr lzIff lgMz'Ns x'gkg]{ .
    .
    :yfgLo lgsfox?df ckf
    :yfgLo lgsfox?df ckf tyf Psn
    tyf Psn dlxnfx?sf] vf]hL dlxnfx?sf] vf]hL lglt ul/g'kg]{ .
    lglt gx'g' .
    dlxnfx?sf] :jf:Yo ;DalGw
    hfgsf/L glbg' .
    ljx]df bx]h dfUg' .
    sd pd]/df ljx] ug'{ .

    209

    dlxnfx?nfO{ :jf:Yo ;DalGw tflnd


    lbg'kg]{ .
    bx]hsf] af/]df hgr]tgf hufpg]
    sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g' kg]{ .
    afn ljjfx af/]df hgr]tgf ;DalGw
    tflndsf] Aoj:yf

    s] ePsf] b]Vg rfxg'x'G5 <


    ;a} Psn dlxnfx?sf]
    Ifdtf clej[l4 ePsf] .

    ;d:of s] 5g\<

    s] ug'{knf{<

    3/kl/jf/ / ;dfhsf] bafj

    x/]s uflj;df Psn dlxnfx?nfO{


    e]nf u/fO{ Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{] /
    hgr]tgf km}nfpg]
    ;a} dlxnf ;xsf/Lx?
    s]xL hfgsf/L gePsf]
    /fHon] ;xsf/L ;DalGw ljleGg
    ljsf; ePsf] .
    ls;Ldsf] tflndx?sf] Aoj:yf ug'{kg]{
    /fhgLltdf dlxnfsf] klg
    5f]/L a'xf/LnfO{ /fhgLlt ug{ /fhgLltdf lgjf{rg If]q, uflj;
    ;dfg clwsf/ ePsf]+ .
    glbg] u/]sf] .
    dlxnfsf] nflu cf/lIft ePsf] 3f]if0ff
    ul/g'k5{ .
    k|To]s uflj;df dlxnf
    ah]6 laifodf hfgsf/L
    ;a} dlxnfx?n] ah]6sf] af/]df
    ;fd'bflos ejg ePsf] .
    gePsf]
    hfgsf/L kfpg'kg]{ .
    x/]s sfof{nodf dlxnfsf]
    dlxnfx? Sfd ug{ hfFbf lgSs} /fHon] o;sfnflu gLlt lgod agfpg]
    s'/f ;'Gg] 5'} Aoj:yf ePsf] ;d:of kg]{ u/]sf] .
    .
    .

    -u_ blntx?sf] ;jfnx?


    ul/aL / cefjsf] cGTo
    ePsf] b]Vg rfxG5f}+ .
    ;a} ul/a blntsf] l6gsf]
    5fgf ;lxtsf] 3/ ePsf]
    cfkm" a;]sf] hUufsf]
    nfnk'hf{ k|fKt u/]sf] .
    ;Dk"0f{ blnt afnaflnsf
    lzlIft ePsf x'g]5g\ .
    ;a} blntsf] gful/stf
    ePsf]
    af6f] u|fe]n tyf lkr
    ;8saf6f] ePsf] b]Vg
    rfxG5f}+
    ;a} blntsf] 3/df ljh'nL
    an]sf] x'g]5 .
    ;a} v]tdf l;+rfOsf]
    Joj:yf eO pAhfp ePsf]
    x'g]5 .
    ;a} blnt ju{sf
    AolQmx?nfO{ lgMz'Ns cf}iflw
    pkrf/ ;]jf kfPsf x'g]5g\ .
    ;a} uflj;df ;r]tgf s]Gb|
    nflu ejgsf] Joj:yf .
    ;kmf blnt j:tL .

    ul/aL Go"lgs/0f gx'g' .

    /fHokIfn] u/Llj Go"lgs/0f sfo{qmd


    ;a} ufpF j:tLdf nfu' ug'{knf{ .
    3/af;sf] ;d:of
    hgtf cfjf; sfo{qmd l56f] nfu'
    ug'{knf{ .
    a;f]af;sf] hUufsf] ;d:of
    xfn a;f]af; ul//x]sf] ufpF
    AnsP]nfgL hUufsf] p;}sf] gfddf
    btf{ ug'{kg]{ .
    lzIffsf] ;d:of
    blnt j:tLdf ljz]if ljBfno,
    cfjf;Lo tyf vfhf / :6]zg/Lsf]
    Aoj:yf ul/g'kg]{ .
    gful/stfsf] ;d:of
    lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodfkm{t :ynut
    lg/LIf0f u/L gful/stf lbg'kg]{ .
    blnt j:tLdf af6f]df lxnf]sf] lhlj; / uflj;sf] cg'bfg /sd
    ;d:of x'g' .
    a9fpg'kg]{ t/ e|i6frf/nfO{ /f]Sg' k5{ .
    ljB'tsf] ;d:of

    hUuf gePsfx"nfO{ ld6/ glbg]


    Aoj:yf x6fpg'knf{ .
    8Lk af]l/, :ofnf] 6\o"a]nsf] Aoj:yf
    ug'{knf{ .

    v8]/Lsf] ;d:of

    :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf blntx?sf]


    ePsf :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] ;]jf 7"nf 7"nf
    cf}iflw pkrf/ lgMz'Ns gx'g' . af]nafnf ePsfx?sf] Aoj:yf cGTo
    u/L ;]jf kx'Fraf/] ;r]tgf ug'{knf{ .
    ;r]tgf s]Gb|sf] ejg ;d:of cg'bfgsf] /sdsf] Aoj:yf ug'{knf{ .
    vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{sf]
    210

    rkL{ tyf vfg]kfgLsf] nflu %)

    s] ePsf] b]Vg rfxg'x'G5 <


    k|fljlws lzIffdff blnt
    5fq5fqfsf] kx'Fr j[l4
    ePsf].
    blnt dlxnfx? :j:y /x]sf]
    .
    ;a} blnt dlxnf tyf k'?if
    /f]huf/ ePsf] .
    k|To]s uflj;df jly{ ;]G6/
    ePsf] x'g]5 .

    uflj;df dlxnf / blntsf]


    ah]6 ;f]xL If]qdf vr{
    ePsf]
    ;a} blnt j:tLdf
    vfg]kfgLsf] Aoj:yf ePsf]
    x'g]5 .
    blnt j:tLx?df k7gkf7g
    u/fpg] sfo{qmd ;~rfng
    ePsf] x'g]5 .
    blnt dlxnfx? s'/Lltaf6
    kLl8t geO{ ;Ddfgk"j{s
    afFr]sf x'g]5g\ .

    ;d:of s] 5g\<
    ;d:of
    blnt 5fq5fqf sDKo'6/
    lzIffaf6 jl~rt ePsf] .
    blnt dlxnfdf cf v:g]
    ;d:of
    blnt dlxnf tyf k'?if
    a]/f]huf/ x'g' .
    kf7]3/ v;]sf] dlxnfnfO{ l/
    nufpg 6f9f ePsf], ;'Ts]/L
    u/fpg 6f9f hfg'kg]{, kl/jf/
    lgof]hgsf] ;Nnfx lng 6f9f
    hfg'kg]{,
    uflj; kl/ifb\df dlxnfnfO{
    ;xefuL gu/fpg], dlxnfsf]
    If]qdf 5'6\ofOPsf] sfo{qmd
    gx'g', blnt dlxnf lg/If/
    x'g',
    ;/;kmfO{ gx'g', kf]v/Ldf
    g'xfpg] ug'{ .

    s] ug'{knf{<
    cg'bfgsf] Joj:yf .
    /fHo kIfaf6 blnt 5fq5fqfnfO{
    sDKo'6/ tyf k|fljlws lzIff lgMz'Ns
    Aoj:yf .
    lgMz'Ns pkrf/sf] Aoj:yf ul/g'kg]{ .
    /fHokIfaf6 cg'bfg lgMz'Ns lbg'kg]{ .
    k|To]s uflj;df Pp6f jly{ ;]G6/
    :yfkgf ug'{kg / jly{ ;]G6/df
    clgjfo{ ?kdf ;'Ts]/L u/fpg
    hgr]tgf hufpg'kg]{
    kl/ifb\df clgjfo{ ?kdf blnt
    dlxnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg'kg]{, dfu]sf]
    ah]6 pkef]Qmf agfP/ pknAw
    u/fpg'kg]{ .

    6\o"j]n h8fg ug'{kg]{, uflj;n] ;xof]u


    ug'{kg]{, pkef]Qmf agfP/ sfof{Gjog
    u/fO{ lbg'kg.
    e|i6frf/ x'g', ljsf;Lo /sd ckf AolQmx?nfO{ sk8f, vfgfsf]
    bn / ;lrj ldn]/ vfg] u/]sf] Aoj:yf ldnfpg'kg]{ .
    .
    3/af6 lg:sg glbg], blnt
    hgr]tgfd'ns sfo{qmd ug'{kg]{,
    Psn dlxnfnfO{ ;Ddfg gug]{, ;fdflhs cleofg rnfpg'kg]{ .
    wgLsf] 3/ v]tdf sfd ug{
    hfFbf ufu|Ldf kfgL /fv]sf]
    blnt dlxnfn] vfg gkfpg]
    dlxnfx?sf] k|hgg
    cf v:g] ;d:of, r]tgfsf]
    :jf:Yo ;DalGw hgr]tgf hufpg],
    :jf:Yodf ;'wf/ ePsf] x'g]5 sdL
    :jf:Yo ;]jfdf kx'Fr a9fpg] .
    .

    211

    !!=#:jf:Yo If]qsf ;jfnx?


    != lhNnfdf @$ :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?df k|;'lt ;]jf s]Gb| (Birthing Centers);+rfngdf /x]sf] t/
    ;x>fAbL ljsf; nIo cg';f/ @)!% ;Dd *) k|ltzt ;'/lIft k|;"lt ;]jf k|bfg ug'{ kg]{ -xfn
    lhNnfsf] %@ k|ltzt dfq /x]sf]_ nIf xfl;n ug{sf nflu tTsfn} yk aly{ ;]G6/x?sf]
    :yfkgf u/L ;f] ;]G6/df b'O{ hgf c=g=dL=x?sf] Joj:yf u/L -! hgf c=g=dL= :jf=tyf
    hg;+Vof dGqfnoaf6 sfo{/t /x]sf] / aly{sf nflu cf}ifwL / pks/0fsf] Joj:yf ;d]t
    eO{/x]sf] t/ :yfgLo lgsfoaf6 c=g=dL=sf] Joj:yf ug]{ egL lgltut lg0f{o eP klg ;f] sfd
    k|efjsf/L ?kn] cuf8L ga9]sf cj:yf ljBdfg /x]sf]_ Jofks ?kdf ;'/lIft dft[Tj
    sfo{qmdnfO{ k|fyldstf ;fy ;+rfng ug'{ kg]{ b]lvG5 h;df :yfgLo lgsfosf] e"ldsf cxd
    /x]sf] 5 .
    @= dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+ ;]ljsfx?n] ;d"bfo :t/Lo ;Dk"0f{ :jf:Yo ultljlwx?df k|ToIf ;+nUg /xL
    :jf:Yo ;'wf/ sfo{df cxf]/fq ;]jf k'ofpFb} cfO/x]sf] / jxfFx?sf] nugzLntfs} sf/0f o;
    lhnnfdf afnd[To' / dft[ d[To'df Aofks sdL ePsf] t/ :yfgLo :t/af6 jxfFnfO{ dgf]jn
    pRr agfO{ /fVg Go"gtd dfl;s a}7s eQfsf] ?kdf ?= Ps xhf/ -!)))_ lbg dgfl;a
    b]lvPsf]n] ;f] sfo{df :yfgLo uf=lj=;= / lh=lj=;=af6 ;xof]u ug{ h?/L 5 .
    #= k|To]s j8fdf :jf:Yo cfdf ;d"xdf lgoldt a}7sdf hf]8 lbO{ j8f :t/Lo :jf:Yo ;'wf/
    sfo{df 6]jf k'ofpg ;fdflhs kl/rfng ug{ u/fpg h?/L b]lvG5 .
    $=;a} uf=lj=;=x?df /f]u lgoGq0f sfo{qmd cGtu{t Ifo/f]u, dn]l/of, lkmn]l/of, sfnfhf/f,
    s'i7/f]u lgoGq0f, /f]syfd, lgjf/0f tyf pGd"ngsf] nflu lgMz'Ns cf}ifwf]krf/ nufot
    hgr]tgf clea[l4 sfo{ ;+rfng x'Fb} cfO/x]sf] t/ lhNnfsf] klZrdL e]sdf k|of]uzfnf hfFrsf]
    ;'ljwf / c:ktfn ;'ljwf g/x]sf] x'Fbf hgtfsf] kx'Fr gePsf] / :jf:Yo ;'wf/ sfo{df ck]lIft
    k|ltkmn ;d]t xfl;n x'g g;s]sf] x'Fbf af]b]a;f{Og O{nfsf x]Ny kf]i6df @% ;}ofsf] c:ktfn,
    ;f] c:ktfnsf] :yfkgf geP;Ddsf] nflu Ifo/f]u, dn]l/of / HIV/AIDS/f]usf] lgMz'Ns hfFrsf]
    nflu k|of]uzfnf ;]jf ;+rfngfy{ Ps hgf Nofa cl;:6]G6sf] :yfgLo :t/af6 kfl/>ldssf]
    dfl;saflif{s Joj:yf ug{ ckl/xfo{ b]lvPsf] 5 . ;fy} af]b] a;f{Ogdf Ps PDa"n]G; ;]jf
    ;+rfngsf nflu s]Gb|Lo :t/df l;kmfl/z ug]{ klg h?/L b]lvG5 h;af6 ue{jtL, ;'Ts]/L
    dlxnf, aRrf / l;ls:t lj/fdLnfO{ Hofg arfpg] sfo{df ;xof]u k'Ug]5 .
    %=lhNnfdf a9\bf] HIV/AIDSsf] k|sf]k o; lhNnfdf a9bf] qmddf /x]sf] h;af6 ;Kt/Laf;Lsf]
    :jf:Yo ;'wf/ tyf cfly{s ljsf;df gsf/fTds c;/ kb}{ uO/x]sf] x'Fbf af]b]a;f{Og Onfsf
    :jf:Yo rf}sLdf HCT/PMTCT-lgMz'Ns hfFr_ ;]jf ;+rfngfy{ :jf=;]=lj= /fli6o P8\; /f]u
    lgoGq0f s]Gb|df l;kmfl/z ug{ cfjZos b]lvG5 .
    !!=$afnaflnsfx?sf] ;jfn, ;d:of / dfux?
    lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;Kt/Ln] @)&) df3 !^ ut] /fhla/fhdf cfof]hgf u/]sf] lhNnf:t/Lo
    afne]nfdf lhNnfsf] ;a} !!$ uflj;x? / /fhla/fh gu/kflnsfsf] !) j6f j8fsf afnSna
    ;+hfn cWoIf / k|ltlglwx?sf] ;xeflutfdf Aofks 5nkmn e} lgDgfg';f/sf] ;d:ofx?sf]
    klxrfg ePsf] afnaflnsfx?n] pgLx?sf] ;jf{l0f ljsf;sf nflu lgDgfg';f/sf sfo{qmd?sf]
    dfux? u/]sf 5g\ .
    212

    afnaflnsfx?sf] k|d'v ;jfn tyf ;d:ofx?M


    1.
    2.
    3.
    4.
    5.
    6.
    7.
    8.
    9.
    10.
    11.
    12.
    13.
    14.
    15.
    16.
    17.

    cj}w sfddf afnaflnsfx?sf] k|of]u x'g] u/]sf] .


    afnaflnsfx?nfO{ /fhlglts sfo{df k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf] .
    lg0f{o k|lqmofdf afnaflnsfx?sf] cy{k'0f{ ;xeflutf gx'g' .
    xf]6n / O{+6f efdf afaaflnsfx?nfO{ k|of]u ug]{ .
    afn ljjfx / bfO{hf] k|yf Jofks /xg' .
    afnaflnsf dfly b'Jo{jxf/ ug]{ kl/kf6L ljBdfg /x]sf] .
    5f]/fnfO{ dfq ljBfno k9fpg] k/Dk/f /x]sf] .
    afnaflnsfx?sf] nflu kof{Kt tflndsf] Joj:yf x'g g;Sg' .
    w]/} 5f]/Lx? hlGdPdf dfl/g], bfg lbg], g/fd|f] Jojxf/ ug]{, vfg glbg k|yf ljBdfg .
    ;8s afnaflnsfx?nfO{ a:g] Joj:yf x'g g;Sg' .
    ;dodf ljBfno gv'Ngfn] k9fO{df ;d:of kg]{ u/]sf] .
    gbL gfnfdf af9L cfPdf ljBfno hfg gkfpg] cj:yf /x]sf] .
    laBfnodf 5fq / 5fqfnfO{ 5'f5'} zf}rfno gePsf] cj:yf .
    afnaflnsfx?sf] nflu kof{Kt v]ns'bsf] ;fdfu|L gx'g' .
    5fqj[ltsf] plrt Joj:yf gx'Fbf ul/a afnaflnsfx? lzIffaf6 al~rt x'g k/]sf] cj:yf .
    afnaflnsfx? w'd|kfgsf] s'ntdf kg'{ .
    lzIfs lzlIfsfx?n] ljBfy{LnfO{ sIffdf s'6\g] u/]sf] .

    tflnsf g+=
    qm=;=
    1.

    2.

    3.
    4.

    5.

    11.3M

    afnaflnsfx?n] uflj; / gu/kflnsfut ?kdf dfu ePsf sfo{qmdx?


    Uff=lj=;=x?
    afnaflnsfx?sf] Dffux?
    Nff]xhf/, k6]/jf, != Uff=lj=;=x? lbzfd'STf If]q 3f]if0ff gePsf]n] afnaflnsfx?
    l;d/fxf
    hyfefaL lbzf ug{ afWo ePsf]n] ljleGg /f]uaf6 u|l;t x'g'
    l;lgof}g, wgu9L
    k/]sf]n] uflj;nfO{ lbzfd'Qm If]q 3f]if0ff ug'{ kg]{ .
    @= k':tsfnosf] Aoj:yf ug'{ kg]{ .
    zDe'gfy,
    != afnaflnsfx?sf] Ifdtf ljsf;sf nflu r]tgfd'ns
    vf]s;/ k|jfx,
    tflndx? ;+rfng ul/g' kg]{ .
    lbwjf, xl/k'/
    @= Uff=lj=;=sf] x/]s j8fdf ;fj{hlgs zf}rfnox?sf] lgdf{0f
    ul/g' kg]{ .
    Ef/bx, lqsf]n,
    != 3/3/df zf}rfnosf] Aoj:yf clgjfo{ ?kdf ug'{ kg]{ .
    s'zxf / dw'kl @= k|To]s Uff=lj=;=df v]ns'bsf] Aoj:yf ug{'kg]{ .
    dn]7, /fhlj/fh, != v]ns'bsf ;fdfu|Lx?sf] k|jGw x'g' kg]{ .
    e'tlx
    @= ;/sf/af6 lat/0f ePsf] cf}ifwL , n'uf, sk8f, z}lIfs
    ;fdfu|Lx?df Affnaflnsfx?sf] kx'Fr k'Ug' kg]{ .
    uDx/Lof k|jfxf, != ljBfno hfg] ;8s lgdf{0f ug{' k5{ .
    cgf{xf,
    @= glbdf k'n lgdf{0f x'g'k5{ .
    213

    qm=;=

    Uff=lj=;=x?
    s6}of

    afnaflnsfx?sf] Dffux?
    6.
    != ;a} j8fdf k':tsfnosf] Aoj:yf ug{'k5{ .
    @= ;a} j8fdf afn Snasf] ejg lgdf{0f ug{'k5{ .
    #= ljBfnodf u'0f:t/Lo lzIfsf lzlIfsfx?sf] Joj:yf x'g'kg]{ .
    $= ;a} j8fdf afnaflnsfnfO{ v]ns'bsf ;fdfu|Lx? pknJw
    u/fpg' kg]{ .
    7.
    Dff]xgk'/ &
    != glbsf] jl/kl/ j[Iff/f]k0f u/L aftfj/0f ;+/If0f ug'{ kg]{ .
    @= ljBfnodf lkmN8sf] Aoj:yf ug{' kg]{ .
    8.
    j]nlxrk]gf
    != ljBfno cleofg rnfpg] . / bfO{hf] k|yf cGto ug]{,
    hgr]tgf d'ns sf{os|dx? rnfpg] .
    9.
    gukflnsfaf6
    != afn ejgsf] cfjZostf .
    @= kf]if0f ;DalGw clzlIft dlxnfnfO{ r]tgf hufpg] .
    10. l;d|fxf l;luof}g
    != ul/a tyf h]x]Gbf/ ljBfyL{x?nfO{ 5fqj[lt / k7g kf7gsf]
    / 3f]5gk'/
    ;fdfu|Lx? pknJw u/fpg' kg]{ .
    @= uflj;nfO{ lbzfd'STf 3f]if0ff ug'{ kg]{ .
    11.
    bf}ntk'/,
    != afnaflnsfx?sf] Ifdtf clea[l4 x'g] lsl;dsf tflndx?sf]
    sNofgk'/
    Joj:yf ul/g' kg]{ .
    @= ckf afnaflnsfx?sf] nflu 5'6} ;'ljwfo"Q ljBfno, lzIff,
    / v]ns'b ;fdfu|Lx?sf] Aoj:yf x'g'kg]{ .
    ;|]ftM afne]nfaf6 k|fKt ;'emfj tyf dfux?
    tflnsf g+=11.4Mafnaflnsfx?n] AolQmut ?kdf dfu u/]sf sfo{qmdx?
    qm=;= afnaflnsfx?af6 AolQmut ?kdf p7fg u/]sf ;jfn tyf dfux?
    1.
    != ljBfnodf v]ns'bsf] /fd|f] Aoj:yfgePsf] .
    @= Uff=lj=;=df rkL{sf] Aoj:yf 5}g .
    #= ufpFdf SofDk;sf] Aoj:yf 5}g .
    2.
    != afn Sna ejg lgdf{0f ul/g' kg]{ .
    @= afnaflnsfx?sf] e]nf u/L afnaflnsfsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{' .
    #= k':tsfnoejg lgdf{0f, sf]lr jf 6\o';g ;]G6/sf] Aoj:yf x'g' kg]{ .
    3.
    != afn Snasf] nflu 5'6\6} rkL{ ;lxtsf] sf]7f lgdf{0f ul/g' kg]{ .
    @= ljBfno kl/;/df v]ns'bsf] /fd|f] k|jGw x'g' kg]{ .
    4.
    !=Ifdtf clej[l4tflnd lbg' kg]{ .
    5.
    != ljBfno hfg] af6f]df glb ePsf 7fFpx?df k'nsf] lgdf{0f ul/lbg'kg]{ .
    @= ljBfnodf rkL{ gePsf] xF'bf ljBfnodf rkL{ agfO{ lbg' kg]{ .
    6.
    != ljBfnodf rkL{, v]ns'b ;fdfu|L, k':tsfno, lzIfs, sf]lr cflbsf] Aoj:yf
    ug{'k5{ .
    7.
    != ;/;KfmfO{, afn laafx /f]syfd, hgr]tgf d'ns sf{os|dx?sf] afnaflnsfnfO{
    214

    qm=;= afnaflnsfx?af6 AolQmut ?kdf p7fg u/]sf ;jfn tyf dfux?


    tflnd lbg] .
    @= 3/3/df zf}rfnosf] Aoj:yf ug{'kg]{ .
    8.
    != ljBfnodf sDKo'6/ lzIffsf] Aoj:yf ug{'kg]{ .
    @= ljBfnodf ;dodf ljBfyL{nfO{ lstfasf] dfu k'/f x'g' kg]{ .
    9.
    != afnaflnsfx?nfO{ plrt lzIff pknJw u/fpg' kg]{ .
    @= ufFp ;dfhdf xKtfdf slDtdf klg Ps lbg kqklqsfx? cfpg] Joj:yf x'g' kg]{ .
    10. != AffnaflnsfnfO{ l;kd'ns tflnd lbg' kg]{ .
    @= blnt ju{sf AfnaflnsfnfO{ kf]if0f eQf pknJw u/fpg' kg]{ .
    11. != Uff=lj=;=df ;fj{hlgs zf}rfnosf] lgdf{0f ug'{ kg]{ .
    12. != afnaflnsfsf] af}l4s / dfgl;s ljsf;sf] nflu z}lIfs e|d0fsf] Aoj:yf .
    13. != ljBfnodf lgoldt k7g kf7gsf] Joj:yf x'g' kg]{ -;dodf lzIfs sIffdf
    pkl:ylt x'g' kg]{_ .
    14. != afn ljjfx /f]Sgsf] nflu afnSnasf] ;b:ox?nfO{ afn ljjfx /f]sg ;DaGwL
    ;8\s gf6s u/fpg] .
    @= w/dk'/, g3f]{, em'6sL, xg'dfg gu/, Uff=lj=;=sf afn Snasf] ;b:ox?nfO{
    pb\3f]if0f ;DaGwL tflndsf] Aoj:yf ug{'kg]{ .
    15. != g]t[Tj ljsf; / hgr]tgf ;DaGwL tflnd pknJw u/fpg' kg]{ .
    16. != lel8of] PS/] u/]/ 5f]/Lsf] e[0f xTof ug]{ kl/kf6LnfO{ b'?T;fxL ug'{ kg]{ .
    @= r]lna]6Lx?jnfO{ nf]enfnrdf km;fO{ a]rlavg ug]{ kl/kf6Lsf] cGTo ug'{ kg]{
    #= cfkm\gf] :jfy{sf]nflu afnaflnsfnfO{ /fhlglts sfo{qmddf nufpg] kl/kf6Lsf]
    cGTo x'g' kg]{ .
    $= bfO{hf] k|yfsf] sf/0f afnaflnsfnfO{ l56f] ljjfx ul/lbg] jf hlGdg] lalts}
    dfl/lbg] k/Dk/fsf] cGTo x'g' kg]{ .
    17. != lzIfsx?sf] jLrdf x]8 lzIfs aGg] xf]8df emu8f u/L ljBfno tfnf nufpg]
    kl/kf6L cGTo u/L ljBfnodf /fd|f] z}lIfs aftfj/0f l;h{gf x'g' kg]{ .
    18. != ljleGg tflnd sfo{qmddf 5fqfx?sf] ;xeflutfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg'kg]{ .
    19. != ;dfhdf afnaflnsfx? jLrdfklg 5'jf5'tsf] efjgf /x]sf] kfO{G5 .
    @= cem} klg xfd|f] ;dfhdf afnaflnsfx? k5fl8 k/]sf] cj:yf 5 .
    20. != 7'nfa8fx?n] afnaflnsf;uF ldqsf] Jojxf/ gul/ pgLx?nfO{ x]lk/x]sf] cj:yf
    ljBdfg 5 .
    @= afnSnasf] a}7sx?df 7'nfj8fx? cfP/ l8:6{a ug]{ u5{ .
    21. !=bfO{hf] k|yfx? ;dfhdf cem} ljBdfg /x]sf] 5 .
    @= w]/} 5f]/Lx? hlGdPdf dfl/g], bfg ul/lbg], g/fd|f] Jojxf/ ug]{, vfg lkpg glbg],
    sfddf w]/} nufpg] kl/kf6L ;dfhdf ljBdfg /x]sf] 5 .
    22. != c\u|]hL lzIfsn] k9fpg] a]nfdf d}ynL af]Ng] ubf{ ljBfyLnfO{ c\u|]hL af]Ng
    ufx|f] x'g] u/]sf] 5 .
    @= lj1fg ljifosf] cEof; (Practical)gu/fpg] kl/kf6Lsf] cGTo x'g' kg]{ .
    215

    qm=;= afnaflnsfx?af6 AolQmut ?kdf p7fg u/]sf ;jfn tyf dfux?


    #= ljBfno jl/kl/ ;/;kmfO{ sfo{qmd ug'{ kg]{ .
    $= c\u|]hL listening sf] sld /x]sf]n] o;df Wofg lbg' kg]{ .
    23. != uflj;x?nfO{ lbzfd'STf If]q 3f]if0ff ug'{ kg]{ .
    24. != blnt afnaflnsfx?sf] sdhf]/ cfly{s cj:yfn] ubf{ ljBfno hfgaf6 al~rt
    x'g' k/]sf] cj:yf 5 .
    25. != l;kd'ns tflndsf] Joj:yf u/L afnaflnsfx?sf] Ifdtf ljsf; ug'{ kg]{ .
    @= ljBfnodf lzIfssf] cefj .
    #= ljBfnodf 5fqj[ltsf] Joj:yf gx'bf sdhf]/ cfly{s cj:yf ePsf afnaflnsfx?
    k7g g;Sg] l:ylt ljBdfg .
    $= uflj;df lgoldt ?kdf ;lrj pkl:yt gx'bfF ;]jfu|fxLx? dsf{df k/]sf 5g\ .
    *= r]tgfsf] cefjn] ufpF3/df bf? lkP/ 3/kl/jf/;+u emu8f ug]{ kl/k6fLnfO{
    b'?T:ffxL ug'{ kg]{ .
    26. != ufpF 3/df rf]/L 8s}tL a9L x'g] t/ ;'/Iff lgsfoaf6 kof{Kt ;xof]u k|fKt gx'Fbf
    afnaflnsfx? lkl8t x'g] u/]sf] .
    @= ljBfnodf afnaflnsfx?nfO{ v]n v]Ng] d}bfgsf] Joj:yf x'g' kg]{ .
    #= ;/;kmfO{sf] b[li6n] ;fj{hlgs zf}rfno agfpg] ;fy} v'nf lbzf d'Qm uflj;x?
    3f]if0ff ug]{ sfo{qmd ug]{ .
    ;|]ftM afne]nfaf6 k|fKt ;'emfj tyf dfux?
    !!=%Onfsf:t/af6 klxrfg ul/Psf nlIft sfo{qmdx?
    :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% / :yfgLo lgsfo cg'bfg kl/rfng tyf Joj:yfkg sfo{ljwL,
    @)^( cg';f/ :yfgLo lgsfox?n] nlIft ;d"xx?nfO{ pkof]uL sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgfx?
    ;~rfng ug'{ kg]{ sfg'gL k|fjwfg /x]sf] 5 . ;f]xL cg';f/ !& j6} Onfsfdf Osfnf:t/Lo
    uf]i7Lx? dlxnf, afnaflnsf / cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ?kdf kl5 k/]sf ljkGg ju{x?nfO{ k|ToIf
    kmfO{bf k'Ug] sfo{qmdx?sf] klxrfg ul/Psf] 5 hf] lgDgfg';f/ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

    afnaflnsf ljsf; tk{m M


    k|To]s uf=lj=;=df slDtdf pko'Qm kf7\o ;fdfu|L ;lxtsf] afn k':tsfnosf] Joj:yf ug]{
    afnaflnsfx?sf] nflu ljleGg ljifodf r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd / afn ljjfx lj?4sf]

    cleofg k|To]s uf=lj=;=df ;+rfng ug]{


    uflj;x?n] afnaflnsfx?sf] nflu sDKo"6/ tflndsf] Joj:yf ug]{ / lg/Gt/tfsf] nflu
    h]g]/]6/sf] Joj:yf
    afnaflnsfx?nfO{ g]t[Tj ljsf; tflnd k|bfg ug'{kg]{
    afn Snj ejg lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ / cw'/f] afn Sna ejg lgdf{0f ;DkGg ug'{kg]{
    cfjZos :yfgdf afn ljsf; s]Gb| :yfkgf ug]{

    216

    afnaflnsfx?nfO{ afn>d / afn ljjfx lj?4 r]tgf hufpg] uf]i7L ;~rfng ug'{ kg]{ /

    afn :jf:Yo kl/If0f ul/gkg]{


    afn d}qL ;a} ;"rs sfo{qmd
    afn aflnsf k|f]kmfon
    rlk{ Joj:yf, z'4 vfg]kfgL, afn sf]ifsf] :yfkgf, ;/;kmfO{ sfo{qmd
    k|To]s uf=lj=;=sf afnaflnsfx?nfO{ Onfsf :t/Lo v]]ns'b k|ltof]lutf u/fpg' kg]{
    afn;'wf/ u[xsf] :yfkgf ug'{ kg]{
    lszf]/ lszf]/Lx?nfO{ k|hgg\ :jf:Yo ;DaGwL tflndsf] Joj:yf
    afn d}qL :yfgLo zf;g sfo{qmd nfu' ug]{
    afnaflnsfx?nfO{ lszf]/L lzIff ;+rfng sfo{qmd
    v]nd}bfgdf nfu]sf] xf6 ahf/ x6fpg] / csf]{ 7fpFdf hldg Joj:yf ug]{
    6\o"zg s]Gb| ejg ;+rfng
    afn clwsf/ ;DaGwL tflnd pknJw u/fpg' kg]{
    k|To]s uf=lj=;=df afn ;+hfn u7g ug]{ / pks/0f vl/b ug]{ -sDKo"6/ Nofk6k, lk|G6/,
    k|f]h]S6/, OGe/6{/ cflb_
    kf]if0f cfxf/ sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{
    afnaflnsf ;DaGwL l:yltkq t}of/L
    Onfsf g+= !! df kg]{ ;a} uf=lj=;=x?nfO{ ;d]l6g] u/L O{nfO{a|]/L
    Onfsf g+= !! sf] ;a} afnaflnsfx?nfO{ afnclwsf/ ;+/If0f, Snasf] sfd st{Jo tyf
    ;/;kmfO{, n}ls lx+;f cflb ;DaGwL tflnd ;+rfng ug]{
    lzIffaf6 aGrLt lszf]/Lx?nfO{ lszf]/L lzIff sfo{qmd ;a} uf=lj=;=x?df nfu' ug]{
    afn clwsf/ ;DaGwL afn ;+hfnsf ;a} ;b:ox?nfO{ * j6} uf=lj=;=df tflndsf]
    Joj:yf ug]{
    cf7 j6} uf=lj=;=df afn >dzf]if0f ;DaGwL hgr]tgf d"ns sfo{qmdsf] Joj:yf ug]{ Ps uf=lj=;=af6 $% hgf u/L * j6f uf=lj=;=af6 s"n #^) hgf_
    * j6} uf=lj=;=df afn lx+;f, n}lu lx+;f lj?4 hgr]tgfd'ns tflndsf] Joj:yf ug]{ .
    k|To]s uf=lj=;=af6 !)!) hgf u/L *) hgfnfO{_
    afn 5fqfjf; lgdf{0f sfo{
    canf]sg e|d0f

    dlxnf ljsf; tk{m


    dlxnfsf] kf7]3/ emg]{ ;DaGwL l:qmlg sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{
    dlxnfx?sf] nflu l;nfO{ s6fO{ tflnd ;+rfng u/fpg] / cfo cfh{gsf] nflu d]l;g

    ;d]t pknAw u/fpg]


    bfFOhf] k|yf lj?4 r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd ug]{
    dlxnfx?sf] nflu k|f}9 lzIff nfu' ug]{
    k|hgg\ :jf:Yo ;DaGwL tyf lx+;f lj?4 tflnd ;+rfng ug'{kg]{
    217

    lszf]/ lszf]/Ldf dlxnf ;r]tgf sfo{qmd


    lx+;f lkl8t dlxnf / lszf]/Lsf] nflu c:yfO{ cfjf; u[x lgdf{0f
    jly{ ;]G6/ -k|;"lt u[x_ :yfkgf ug]{
    dlxnf z;lQms/0f sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{
    ;'wfl/Psf] r'nf]sf] Joj:yf ug]{
    dlxnfx?sf] nflu 3/]n' pTkfbgsf] plrTo d"No lalqm ahf/sf] Joj:yf -sf]z]nL 3/sf]
    Joj:yf_
    dlxnfx?sf] nflu n}Ls lje]b ;DaGwL tflnd uf]i7L ;~rfng ug]{
    dlxnfx?sf] nflu nf]s;]jf / sDKo"6/ tflnd ;+rfng ug]{
    dlxnf ;fd'bflos ejg lgdf{0f ug]{
    dlxnfx?nfO{ ;/;kmfO{ ;DaGwL, tflnd l;d d"ns, :jf:Yo tflnd ljifout sfof{no;Fu
    ;dGjo ul/ ;~rfng ug]{
    k|To]s uf=lj=;=x?df dlxnfx?sf] nflu lzkd"ns tflndsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] -l;nfO{
    s6fO{, cu/aQL tflnd, d'9f agfpg], k]lG6 tflnd, Ao"6L kfn{/ tflnd_
    blnt tyf ljkGg ju{sf dlxnfx?nfO{ hgtf cfjf;sf] Joj:yf
    dlxnfx?sf nflu 3/3/df rlk{ lgdf{0f ug]{
    dlxnf tflnd s]Gb|sf nflu ejg lgdf{0f ug]{
    lszf]/Lsf] nflu Kof8 agfpg] tflnd ;+rfng ug]{
    k/flnun ;DaGwL tflnd ug]{
    dlxnf ;xsf/L ejg lgdf{0f ug]{
    d'l:nd dlxnfsf] nflu kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;DaGwL hgr]tgf d"ns sfo{qmd ug]{
    * j6} uf=lj=;=sf :jo+ ;]ljwfx?n] dlxnf :jf:Yo ;DaGwL lbOPsf] ;]jf jfkt dfl;s
    kfl/>lds ?=!,))) Ps xhf/ eQfsf] Joj:yf ug]{ .
    gf/L lbj; jfkt ?=! nfv cfly{s ;xof]usf] Joj:yf ug]{ .
    :tgkfg ;DaGwL hgr]tgf d"ns sfo{qmdsf] nflu * j6} uf=lj=;=df /sdsf] Joj:yf
    ug]{ .

    nlIft ;d"x ljsf; tk{m


    ^ j6} uf=lj=;=x?sf] kxndf ckfx?sf] nflu k|f]kmfon tof/ ug]{ / k"j{ tyf cf+lzs

    ckfx?sf] nflu sf8{sf] Joj:yf ldnfpg]


    nlIft ju{nfO{ :j/f]huf/ tflnd gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|af6
    d'l:nd k7g kf7g, cw'/f] uf=lj=;= ejg lgdf{0f -db/zf_ -uf=lj=;= asw'jf, j}/jf_
    blnt pTyfg sfo{qmd -asw'jf, nf]xh/f_
    cflbjf;L hghftL ;dj[l4 tflnd -asw'jf, nf]xh/f_
    d'l:nd ;zlQms/0f tflnd tyf pTyfg -asw'jf, nf]xh/f_
    lk58fju{ ;zlQms/0f sfo{qmd -asw'jf, nf]xh/f_
    blnt ;d'bfosf] nflu ;f]l;of dxf/fhsf] dlGb/ lgdf{0f
    218

    cfo d"ns lzk d"ns tflnd ;+rfng sfo{qmd -o; Onfsf @ sf ;a} uf=lj=;=x?_
    blnt j:tLx?df j]df};dL t/sf/L v]tL tflnd -o; Onfsfsf ;a} uf=lj=;=x?_
    g]jf ;dfh ejg lgdf{0f -?kgu/, w/dk'/_
    blnt g]t[Tj ljsf; tflnd ug]{
    lk58f ju{ ;+:yfut ljsf; ug]{
    ks/L j8f g+= ( df db/;f lgdf{0f ug]{
    ckfx?sf] nflu xljn r]o/ / j}zfvLsf] Joj:yf ug]{
    8f]dhftLsf] nflu vfg]kfgL / ;'Fu'/ kfngsf] Joj:yf ug]{
    afF;af6 lgld{t ;fdfu|Lx? agfpg] ;DaGwL tflndsf] Joj:yf
    3/ 3/df rlk{ lgdf{0f ug]{
    ljkGg ;d'bfosf] nflu hgtf cfjf; lgdf{0f ug]{
    blnt tyf ljkGg ju{x?sf nflu ljkGg ju{sf nflu gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb| ;fd'bflos
    ejg lgdf{0f ug]{
    ;xsf/L ;+:yf lgdf{0f ug]{
    !) g+= Onfsf :t/Lo ljleGg k|ltof]lutfsf] nflu s/fF6], lqms]6, s':tL, sa8L, k'm6an /
    bf}8 cflb v]nsf] ljsf;df hf]8 nufpg] ug]{
    Onfsf g+= !! sf] ;a} uf=lj=;=x?df nlIft ;d"xsf] nflu sDKo"6/ tflnd ;+rfng ug]{
    Onfsf g+= !! sf] ;a} uf=lj=;=x?df sDkf]i6 dn ;DaGwL tflnd ;+rfng ug]{
    vf]S;/ k|jfxfsf] j8f g+= ! b]lv ( ;Dd blnt ;fd'bfodf ;fj{hlgs zf}rfno lgdf{0f
    cflbjf;L hghftL kqsfl/tf tflnd, Ifdtf ljsf; tflnd ;~rfng ug]{
    cflbjf;L hghftLsf] ;+:s[tL k'g/ hfu/0f, rfF8kj{, dft[efiff wd{ ;+:s[tLsf] nflu If]q
    g+= ! b]lv ^ ;Dd cleofg ;+rfng ug]{
    cflbjf;L hghftLsf] ;+u7g lj:tf/ tyf dlxnfx?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 sfo{qmd
    ;d'bfo kz' k|hgg\ s]Gb| :yfkgf ->L ;u/dfyf dfp06 Pe/]i6 ldl>t pkef]Qmf ;xsf/L
    ;+:yf ln=, e'txL( f/f_
    ckfx?sf] nflu x\ljn r]o/ tyf l;dd"ns tflnd ;~rfng ug]{
    l;k d"ns tflnd -d'9f agfpg], df]afOn, 6]G6L k]G6L_ ;~rfng ug]{
    h]i7 gful/sx?sf] nflu ;Ddfg sfo{qmd -Onfsf g+= !# df kg]{ ;a} uf=lj=;=x?_
    cflbjf;L hghftLx?sf] nflu l;kd"ns sfo{qmd -s6fO{ l;nfO{_ ;~rfng ug]{
    blnt hfghftLx?sf] hgr]tgf d"ns sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{
    cflbjf;L hghftL dxf;+3 sfof{no ejg lgdf{0f ug]{
    nf]s;]jf tof/L sIff ;+rfng ug]{
    l;kd"ns tflnd ;+rfng ug]{
    blnt, ckf, j[4fj[4, Psndlxnf, c;xfo ;xof]u sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{

    219

    o'j' fsf ;jfnx?


    lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;Kt/L4f/f cfof]lht lhNnf:t/Lo o"jf cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf o"jfx?n]
    klxrfg u/]sf ;jfnx? b]xfo adf]lhd /x]sf 5g .
    != o'jf ;f]/f]huf/ sf]ifsf] /sd o'jfsf] nflu nuflg g'xg' .
    @= lzkd'ns lzIff gx'g' .
    #= :jb]zd} o'jfnfO{ ;f]/f]huf/sf] Joj:yf g'xg' .
    $= pTkflbt o'jf hgzlQmsf] :jb]zdf /f]huf/sf] Joj:yf gx'g' .
    %= /fHosf] ufFp b]vL /fi6o tx;Dd lg0ff{os k|lqmofdf o'jfsf] ;xeflutf gu/fpg' .
    ^= lszf]/ cj:yfdf k|hgg :jf:Yo ;DaGwL lzIff gkfpg' .
    &= lgltut k|lqmofdf o'jfsf] ;xeflutf gx'g' .
    *= o'jfnfO{ lhjg pkof]uL l;ksf] sld x'g' .
    (= k|fKt /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ gx'g' .
    !)= /fli6o o'jf gLlt sfof{Gjog gx'g' .
    !!= o'jfsf] sfo{qmd k|fKt gx'g' .
    !@= o'jf nlIft sfo{qmd gx'g' ePklg o'jfsf] ;dnugtf sd u/fpg' .
    !#= lhNnfdf o'jf ;'rgf s]Gb|sf] cj:yf gx'g' .
    !!=^lhNnfsf] cj/f]w ljZn]if0fsf d'Vo lgZsif{x?
    lhNnfdf/x]sf clt pk]lIft afnaflnsfsf] jl~rtLs/0fsf] ulx/fO / k|s[ltaf/] a'em\g lhlj;
    ;Kt/Lsf] cfof]hgfdf ;g @)!# df ljsf;;Fu ;DalGwt cj/f]wx?sf] ljZn]if0f tyf cg'udg
    ul/of] . o;af6 pgLxsf] pGgtLsf] af6fdf /x]sf cj/f]wx? jf pgLx?n] ef]uL/x]sf ljz]if
    afwfcj/f]wx? tyf lhNnfsf of]hgfdf ;dfj]z ul/g] lglb{i6 ;dfwfgsf pkfo klxrfg ug{
    d2t k'Uof] . lhNnf :t/Lo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu k/fdz{ u/L, k|d'v hflgkmsf/x?;Fu 5nkmn u/L
    / pk]lIft ;d"xx?;Fu ;xeflutfd"ns 9Fun] 5nkmn u/L ljZn]if0f ul/Psf cj/f]wx? / logsf
    ;dfwfgsf nflu ul/Psf l;kmfl/;x? lgDg cg';f/ 5g\ .
    cj/f]wx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ qmddf 5 j6f sfo{qmdx?sf] If]qdf /x]sf cj/f]wx?sf] ljZn]if0f
    ul/Psf] lyof] . lt sfo{qmd If]qx?M !_ lhNnf :jf:Yo k|0ffnL, @_ :jf:Yo ;DaGwL Jojxf/hGo
    kl/jt{g, #_ lhNnf vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO k|0ffnL, $_ lzz' tyf afnaflnsf cfxf/ k|j4{g %_
    k|f/lDes afnljsf; / ^_ afn;+/If0f /x]sf 5g\ . lo ;a} If]qdf /x]sf ax'cfoflds cjf]/wx? /
    If]qut cj/f]wx? o; k|sf/ /x]sf 5g\ .

    ax'cfoflds cj/f]wx?
    :jf:Yo, ;/;kmfO{, jfNofj:yfsf] kf]if0f, k|f/lDesjfnljsf; s]Gb| tyfafn;+/If0f
    If]qxdflhNnflglb{i6 dfuxnfO{ gLlttyfsfo{qmdxn] kof{Kt ;Daf]wg ug{ g;s]sf] .
    :jf:Yo, ;/;kmfO{ tyfafn;+/If0f If]qsf a}7sxdf Joj:yfkgtyf ;dGjosf] cefj
    /x]sf] .
    220

    Jojxf/hGo kl/jt{g, ;/;kmfO{, jfNofj:yfsf] kf]if0f, k|f/lDesjfnljsf; s]G


    tyfafn;+/If0fsf If]qdfljlgof]lht ah]6 kof{Kt kdfvr{ gx'g] u/]sf] .

    If]qut cj/f]wx?
    :jf:Yo
    %# k|ltzt k|;'tL :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?df gx'g] u/]sf] .
    &) k|ltzt :jf:Yo ;+:yfxn] :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf]
    q}dfl;s a}7s cfof]hgf g} gu/]sf .
    ue{jtL tyf ;'Ts]/L dlxnfxn] k|f]T;fxgsf] kdfkfpg] /sd *@ k|ltztn] k|fKt u/]sf
    5}gg\ .
    $ k6s ue{jtLhfFr / k|;'tL kl5sf] hfFrgug]{ dlxnfx? cem}klg %) k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
    emf8fkvfnf nfu]sf !* k|ltztjfnjRrfx?nfO{ d'vaf6 lbOg] g"go'Qmk'gh{nLs/0f
    cf}ifwL / bzlbgsf] nflulbO{g] lh+slbPsf] 5}g .
    @) k|ltzt :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?n] PsLs[t jfn/f]u Joj:yfkg / dft[ :jf:ysf] k|f]6f]sn
    k5\ofPsf] 5}g .
    :jf:Yo;Fu ;DalGwt Jojxf/hGo kl/jt{g
    $# k|ltztdflg;x? slnnf] pd]/dfljjfx ug'{ 7Ls xf] eG7fG5g\ .
    dlxnfsf] k|fyldstfsfnflu 5'6\ofpg' kg]{ /sd ** k|ltztn] sd 5 .
    %$ k|ltztafnaflnsfx?nfO{ j[l cg'udgsfnfluNofpg] u/]sf 5}gg\ .
    $* k|ltztdlxnfx?sf] cfly{s >f]tdfkx'Fr gePsf] cj:yf .
    cem} klg $# k|ltztn] kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf] ;fwgk|of]u gug]{ u/]sf] .
    () k|ltzt :jf:Yosfo{stf{ Jojxf/ hGo ;+rf/dfk|lzlIft 5}gg\ .
    vfg]kfgLtyf ;/;kmfO{
    ;/;kmfO;DaGwLlhNnf :t/Lo gLlt / v'nflb;fd'Qm sfo{qmdsf] k|j4{gsf] nflu
    lgodx?sf] cefj/x]sf] .
    emf8fkvfnf nfUg'sf] sf/0f ckof{Kt ;/;kmfO{ xf] eGg] yfxfgkfpg' .
    vfg]kfgLtyf ;/;kmfO{sfnflucf/lIft ah]6sf] $) k|ltztdfq o; If]qdfljlgof]hg
    ul/of] .
    %) k|ltztuflj;x?dfvfg]kfgLtyf ;/;kmfO{ If]qdftflndk|fKtk|f]T;fxgstf{x? 5}gg\ .
    ;/;kmfO;Fu ;DalGwt ;fdu|Lxsf] Ps rf}yfO{ dfudfq :yfgLo txaf6 x'g] u/]sf] .
    ;d'bfosf *$ k|ltztafl;Gbfn] zf}rfnolgdf{0f nfutHofb} pRrePsf] 7fGg' .

    221

    lzz' tyfafNosflngkf]if0fk|jw{g
    lhNnfhg:jf:Yosfof{non] o; If]qdfkf]if0fsf nflucf/lIft ah]6sf] (&k|ltztn]
    dfqljlgof]hg u/]sf] 5}g .
    @) k|ltztcfdf ;d"xsf] a}7sx?df jfnkf]if0f h:tf Ph]08fx? x'g] u/]sf] 5}g .
    *&k|ltzt :jf:Yosfo{stf{ j[l4 cg'udgdfk|lzlIft 5}gg\ .
    k|lzlIftsfo{stf{xsf] ;\VofsdePtfklgkfFrjif{d'lgsf %% k|ltztafnfalnsfnfO{ j[l4
    cg'udgsfnflu NofOG5 . t/ cem}klg $% k|ltztjfnjflnsfx? j[l4
    cg'udgsfnfluNofpg] u/]sf] 5}g .
    s]xL :jf:Yosfo{stf{ -!# k|ltzt_ dfqlzz' tyfjfNosfnLgkf]if0f k|j4{gdfk|lzlIftePsf]
    x'Fbf :jf:Yo pkrf/sf] u'0f:t/dfafwf k/]sf] 5 .
    k|f/lDesafnljsf;
    @! k|ltztcfdfx Kf|f/lDesafnljsf; s]Gb| uO{ ;xhstf{nfO{ e]6\b}gg\ . a/fa/
    s]Gb|dfuO{ ;xhstf{nfO{ e]6\bf s]Gb|sf] u'0f:t/nfO{ ;'wfg{ ;lsG5 .
    ($ k|ltztk|f/lDes afnljsf; s]Gb|x?n] afnaflnsfnfO{ lbjfef]hg k|bfg u/]sf5}gg\ .
    #^
    k|ltztk|f/lDesafnljsf;
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    ljt/0f ul/g] lbjfef]hgsf] b/ Go"gePtfklgk|f/lDesafnljsf; s]Gb|dfljBfyL{sf]
    pkl:ylt b/ &! k|ltzt5 .lbjfef]hgdful/g] ;'wf/n] pkl:ylt b/ a9fpg] ck]Ifful/G5 .
    afn ;+/If0f
    jftfj/0f ;anLs/0f, ljQLokx'Fr / ;fdflhscfly{s k|rngcflbafn ;+/If0fsf
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    /sduflj;n] ljlgof]hg u5{ .
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    ;d'bfosf ^^ k|ltztdflg;nfO{ n}Flus lxF;fdfGoePsf] .
    kLl8tnfO{Gofolbnfpg'sf] ;f kl/jf/sf] ;DdfgnfO{ $! k|ltztdflg;n] k|fyldstflbPsf]
    b]lvG5 .
    kLl8t afnaflnsfsfcltyf]/} s]; -!#k|ltzt_ yksf/afxLsfnflu ;Dk|]if0f ul/G5,
    h'gGofok|jfxsfnfluck"/f] k|lqmofxf] .

    222

    cj/f]w x6fpgsf] nflul;kmfl/; ul/PsfcNksflng / bL3{sflng of]hgfx?


    dfly pNn]lvt cj/f]wx? sd u/L afnaflnsfx?sf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg lgDg cg';f/sf]
    cNksflng tyf lb3{sflng pkfox? l;kmfl/; ul/Psf 5g\M
    tflnsf g+=11.5M cj/f]w x6fpg l;kmfl/; ul/Psf cNksflng tyf lb3{sflng pkfox?
    cj/f]w /x]sf If]qx?
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    o'jfd}qL ;]jf s]Gb|sf] nflutflndlbg] .
    Jojxf/ kl/jt{g

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    cNksflng of]hgftof/ ug]{ h:t}
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    223

    lb3{sflng of]hgf
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    ;"rgf ;+sng /
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    afn ;+/If0f

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    ;+:yfx?sf] ;+/rgflgdf{0f
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    kfZj{lrqtof/L .

    lb3{sflng of]hgf
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    afnOhnf; tyflhNnfk|x/L
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    ;"rgfcfbfgk|bfgug]{

    ;|f]tM ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] cj/f]wx?sf] kfZj{lrq, @)!@@)!#


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    ;+nUg 5g\ . lhNnfsf] blIf0fL uflj;x?df glhssf] ;x/L If]q / ef/t tkm{sf] df};dL a;fO{
    ;/fO{ Jofks ?kdf -jflif{s ?kdf sl/j !)) b]lv !%) hgf k|lt uflj;_ /x]sf] 5 . o;n] ubf{
    jiff{ df};d :yfgLo >ldsx?sf] cefj x'g k'Ub5 . xfnsf jif{x?df o; lhNnfaf6 klg bIf tyf
    cbIf >ldsx? /f]huf/Lsf dWok"j{sf b]zx?df hfg] qmd Jofks ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . ;g\ @)!! df
    o; lhNnfaf6 @^,)(# dflg;x? /f]huf/Lsf nflu ljb]z uPsf lyP . To; dWo] dlxnfsf] c+z
    #=^ k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] .
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    ;g\ @)!#!$ df ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf lng]sf] ;+Vof #%,@@) /x]sf] 5 . To; dWo] *$ @(%*%_ h]i7 gful/s lyP . To; dWo] ()^) ;f7L jif{ gf3]sf blnt, cGo hghftL !)#!% /
    !),)%) Psn dlxnf /x]sf lyP . ljut kfFr jif{df ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf ljt/0f ;DjGwL
    ljj/0f tflnsf g+= !!=^ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . h;cg';f/ cf=a= @)^%^^ df s'n ? ( s/f]8
    (! nfv @( xhf/ & ;o !# ljt/0f ePsf]df cf=a= @)^(&) df ;f] /sd a[l4 e} ?= @^
    s/f]8 @) nfv (& xhf/ % ;o k'u]sf] 5 .
    tflnsf g+=11.6M ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;DjGwL vr{sf] ljj/0f -?= df_
    ljj/0f

    cf=a=
    206566

    cf=a=
    206667

    86277400
    h]i7 gful/seQf 20957400
    41154500
    53412000
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    1123400
    2916000
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    35894413
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    Affnkf]if0feQf
    hDdf 99,129,713 168,451,000
    ;|f]tM lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, ;Kt/L, @)&! c;f/ .

    224

    cf=a=
    206768

    cf=a=
    206869

    cf=a=
    206970

    115510600

    111342000

    116250000

    58460000

    59340000

    92466000

    3759800

    3961200

    4286400

    25117800

    25207950

    49095100

    202,848,200

    199,851,150

    262,097,500

    cg';"rLx?
    cg';"rL1Mblnt afnaflnsfsf] nut ljj/0f, cf=j= )&))&!
    qm=;==

    uflj;sf] gfd

    ;+Vof
    afns

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    29
    30
    31
    32
    33
    34
    35
    36
    37

    cgf{xf
    cf}/xL
    abufdf
    a}/af
    aSw'jf
    aegufdfs6L
    ag}lgoFf
    ag/e"mnf
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    a;lj^L
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    87

    hDdf
    aflnsf

    62
    137
    59
    60
    77
    127
    77
    81
    27
    99
    94
    78
    50
    50
    71
    51
    56
    144
    137
    64
    110
    90
    142
    37
    67
    78
    94
    102
    117
    111
    13
    54
    121
    54
    162
    60
    50

    cfjZos kg]{ s'n ah]6

    149
    102
    29
    50
    55
    157
    79
    73
    21
    114
    68
    81
    39
    59
    74
    50
    67
    130
    130
    58
    111
    92
    110
    27
    49
    69
    107
    123
    102
    108
    9
    59
    92
    64
    128
    64
    63
    225

    239
    88
    110
    132
    284
    156
    154
    48
    213
    162
    159
    89
    109
    145
    101
    123
    274
    267
    122
    221
    182
    252
    64
    116
    147
    201
    225
    219
    219
    22
    113
    213
    118
    290
    124
    113

    309700
    544000
    192000
    223600
    284600
    595800
    354800
    358400
    112600
    475800
    354400
    372600
    200800
    242000
    343200
    208800
    289000
    459900
    577800
    263800
    514000
    393400
    574800
    143200
    259000
    240400
    365400
    537800
    469800
    511000
    52800
    267200
    453200
    246600
    686400
    281400
    238400

    qm=;==
    38
    39
    40
    41
    42
    43
    44
    45
    46
    47
    48
    49
    50
    51
    52
    53
    54
    55
    56
    57
    58
    59
    60
    61
    62
    63
    64
    65
    66
    67
    68
    69
    70
    71
    72
    73
    74
    75
    76
    77
    78

    uflj;sf] gfd
    km;]{&
    kmQ]k'/
    k'mNsfxL
    uDxl/ofk|jfxf
    uf]j/uf(f
    uf]O&{ L
    xg'dfggu/
    xlb{of
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    xl/k'/
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    Ogjf{k'mnjl/of
    O[^x/Llji)f'k'/
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    of]lulgoF 2
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    sf]=dw]k'/f
    sf]rfjvf/L
    sf]O{nf*L
    s'zxf
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    nf]xh/f
    dwjfk'/
    dw'k^L
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    d}gf;x|;jfxF"
    dn]sk'/

    ;+Vof
    afns

    aflnsf

    33
    140
    56
    100
    34
    137
    52
    58
    73
    103
    67
    81
    104
    78
    107
    53
    92
    52
    53
    42
    58
    81
    79
    95
    100
    119
    90
    44
    79
    213
    92
    81
    210
    137
    129
    90
    98
    75
    87
    51
    119

    39
    100
    65
    93
    29
    118
    60
    63
    54
    106
    71
    88
    99
    95
    92
    41
    116
    55
    34
    36
    55
    82
    95
    91
    73
    104
    60
    61
    67
    185
    63
    72
    156
    126
    147
    104
    85
    69
    63
    45
    90
    226

    hDdf

    cfjZos kg]{ s'n ah]6

    72
    240
    121
    193
    63
    255
    112
    121
    127
    209
    138
    169
    203
    173
    199
    94
    208
    107
    87
    78
    113
    163
    174
    186
    173
    223
    150
    105
    146
    398
    155
    153
    366
    263
    276
    194
    183
    144
    150
    96
    209

    149600
    503000
    249600
    401600
    150200
    570200
    245400
    322400
    276600
    485000
    314200
    379400
    471200
    405100
    385200
    220800
    476200
    220800
    177600
    177800
    262400
    344600
    375000
    412000
    398600
    524600
    326600
    248000
    322400
    948000
    347200
    331000
    855200
    568600
    642200
    394600
    396200
    309600
    334400
    222600
    464800

    qm=;==
    79
    80
    81
    82
    83
    84
    85
    86
    87
    88
    89
    90
    91
    92
    93
    94
    95
    96
    97
    98
    99
    100
    101
    102
    103
    104
    105
    106
    107
    108
    109
    110
    111
    112
    113
    114
    115

    uflj;sf] gfd
    dn]7
    dnxgdf
    dNxlgoFf
    dfg/fhf
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    df]xgk'/
    g#f]{
    g]u8f
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    kzjgL
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    l;:jfj]NxL
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    7]lnof
    l6s'lnof
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    ;+Vof
    afns

    aflnsf

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    61
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    54
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    57
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    99
    34
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    183
    43
    79
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    38
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    88
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    90
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    69
    82
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    37
    4
    74
    10178

    52
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    51
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    73
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    57
    48
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    71
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    83
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    75
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    35
    8
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    9481

    227

    hDdf

    cfjZos kg]{ s'n ah]6

    88
    109
    274
    112
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    127
    254
    114
    108
    291
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    59
    167
    167
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    90
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    244
    63
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    227
    299
    262
    152
    239
    240
    230
    173
    296
    144
    168
    260
    231
    72
    12
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    19659

    176600
    298000
    652600
    275100
    511200
    280400
    609600
    258000
    257000
    650400
    476800
    131200
    394400
    374600
    704000
    194800
    355200
    530000
    478400
    126600
    230000
    463400
    639100
    540800
    351000
    554800
    576000
    503800
    388800
    643400
    307600
    365000
    620600
    542000
    131700
    24200
    356200
    43582200

    cg';"rL2M eQf jf j[lQ kfpg] nlIft ;d"xsf] Psd'i7 ljj/0f, cf=j=@)&))&!


    h]i7 gful/s
    l;=g+=
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    29
    30
    31
    32
    33
    34
    35
    36
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    38
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    uflj;sf] gfd
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    blnt
    94
    66
    52
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    97
    82
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    33
    77
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    53
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    56
    64
    53
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    57
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    180
    126
    32
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    72
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    76
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    83
    67
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    cGo

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    92
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    77
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    257

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    46
    51
    168
    100
    98
    115
    18
    203
    109
    147
    107
    27
    70
    168
    114
    60
    43
    101
    67
    304
    228

    55
    40
    42
    58
    3
    0
    42
    0
    2
    0
    56
    6
    76
    0
    66
    6
    72
    98
    68
    57
    0
    0
    64
    40
    0
    36
    0
    42
    0
    30
    50
    60
    2
    76
    0
    39
    0
    2
    0

    k"0f{
    czQm
    ckf
    2
    1
    3
    0
    4
    6
    0
    4
    0
    6
    5
    4
    2
    1
    4
    4
    7
    6
    4
    4
    10
    6
    10
    7
    5
    8
    7
    0
    5
    0
    5
    3
    6
    2
    6
    4
    6
    9
    1

    cf+lzs
    czQm
    ckf

    hDdf
    0
    0
    1
    0
    0
    4
    0
    0
    0
    1
    0
    0
    0
    0
    3
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    1
    1
    0
    1
    0
    0
    0
    0
    2
    0
    2
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0

    293
    282
    239
    262
    470
    388
    246
    339
    206
    308
    286
    264
    209
    226
    254
    308
    334
    284
    358
    293
    317
    370
    437
    290
    278
    267
    395
    353
    279
    295
    150
    303
    348
    300
    280
    236
    301
    169
    684

    h]i7 gful/s
    l;=g+=
    40
    41
    42
    43
    44
    45
    46
    47
    48
    49
    50
    51
    52
    53
    54
    55
    56
    57
    58
    59
    60
    61
    62
    63
    64
    65
    66
    67
    68
    69
    70
    71
    72
    73
    74
    75
    76
    77
    78
    79

    uflj;sf] gfd
    k'mNsfxL
    uDxl/ofk|jfxf
    uf]j/uf9f
    uf]O7{ L
    xg'dfggu/
    xlb{of
    xl/x/k'/
    xl/k'/
    O{gjf{
    Ogjf{k'mnjl/of
    O6x/Llji0f'k'/
    hutk'/
    hd'gLdw]k'/f
    h08f}n
    e'm6sL
    of]lulgofF !
    of]lulgoF @
    sljnf;f
    sfrg
    sNof0fk'/
    sdnk'/
    s+rgk'/
    s6}of
    v8sk'/
    vf]hk'/
    vf]S;/k|jfxf
    sf]=dw]k'/f
    sf]rfjvf/L
    sf]O{nf8L
    s'zxf
    nnfk6L
    nf}lgoFf
    nf]xh/f
    dwjfk'/
    dw'k6L
    dxb]jf
    d}gfs8]/L
    d}gf;x|;jfxF"
    dn]sk'/
    dn]7

    blnt
    50
    186
    19
    83
    42
    74
    50
    82
    45
    96
    73
    52
    124
    29
    34
    50
    31
    32
    101
    90
    60
    43
    102
    106
    116
    49
    28
    156
    32
    72
    73
    75
    140
    112
    93
    46
    51
    72
    94
    75

    cGo

    Psn dlxnf
    Psn
    ljwjf
    dlxnf

    96
    105
    17
    87
    66
    67
    107
    52
    49
    112
    59
    60
    86
    93
    139
    49
    49
    71
    56
    154
    83
    77
    135
    97
    73
    55
    131
    84
    122
    76
    164
    50
    76
    100
    90
    67
    51
    61
    94
    71

    156
    45
    19
    43
    122
    177
    110
    128
    88
    105
    156
    143
    98
    125
    154
    77
    59
    19
    55
    205
    97
    90
    55
    151
    63
    94
    40
    131
    56
    99
    142
    43
    150
    91
    119
    104
    64
    73
    143
    101
    229

    0
    92
    0
    44
    84
    0
    0
    63
    1
    69
    0
    0
    71
    44
    0
    53
    64
    86
    52
    0
    46
    103
    53
    6
    60
    47
    27
    0
    37
    83
    0
    22
    0
    69
    70
    74
    35
    39
    10
    57

    k"0f{
    czQm
    ckf
    2
    12
    0
    1
    7
    6
    1
    3
    4
    1
    3
    3
    9
    5
    0
    2
    3
    4
    6
    2
    25
    6
    13
    3
    0
    5
    2
    5
    2
    4
    1
    3
    4
    8
    9
    12
    6
    3
    4
    9

    cf+lzs
    czQm
    ckf

    hDdf
    0
    0
    0
    0
    2
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    1
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    1
    0
    1
    0
    1
    0
    0
    0
    1
    0
    0
    2
    0
    1
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0

    304
    440
    55
    258
    323
    324
    268
    328
    187
    383
    291
    258
    389
    296
    327
    231
    206
    212
    270
    451
    312
    319
    359
    351
    313
    250
    228
    376
    250
    334
    380
    195
    370
    379
    381
    303
    207
    248
    345
    313

    h]i7 gful/s
    l;=g+=

    uflj;sf] gfd

    blnt

    72
    dnxgdf
    167
    dNxlgoFf
    137
    dfg/fhf
    75
    df}jfxf
    108
    df]xgk'/
    144
    g3f]{
    60
    g]u8f
    68
    cf]b|xf
    119
    ks/L
    116
    kG;]]/f
    108
    k6]jf{
    108
    kftf]
    86
    kTy/uf8f
    106
    lkk|fk"j{
    38
    lkk|fklZrd
    59
    kf]tf{xf
    117
    kzjgL
    138
    /f=lj=g=kf=
    19
    /fdgu/
    42
    /Dk/fdNxlgoFf
    92
    /fdk'/hd'jf
    124
    /f}tx6
    144
    /fok'/
    94
    ?kgu/
    128
    zDe"gfy
    48
    ;s/k'/f
    152
    ;f/:j/
    73
    l;d|xfl;+Uof}g
    159
    l;:jfj]NxL
    55
    l;tfk'/
    56
    t/xL
    163
    t]/xf}tf
    68
    7]lnof
    41
    l6s'lnof
    19
    ltnf7L
    69
    lqsf}n
    9412
    hDdf
    ;|f]tM lhlj; ;Kt/L, @)&! c;f/
    80
    81
    82
    83
    84
    85
    86
    87
    88
    89
    90
    91
    92
    93
    94
    95
    96
    97
    98
    99
    100
    101
    102
    103
    104
    105
    106
    107
    108
    109
    110
    111
    112
    113
    114
    115

    cGo

    Psn dlxnf
    Psn
    ljwjf
    dlxnf

    k"0f{
    czQm
    ckf

    cf+lzs
    czQm
    ckf

    hDdf

    66
    139
    112
    121
    88
    304
    112
    72
    107
    97
    79
    79
    89
    60
    92
    50
    104
    307
    42
    127
    46
    66
    160
    179
    85
    79
    76
    92
    89
    87
    141
    83
    154
    70
    127
    90

    72
    137
    19
    92
    73
    49
    146
    101
    55
    85
    97
    97
    165
    37
    138
    72
    60
    295
    37
    98
    75
    60
    149
    102
    186
    108
    65
    88
    64
    68
    120
    118
    51
    66
    102
    25

    52
    89
    6
    31
    71
    54
    0
    68
    55
    78
    0
    0
    0
    35
    0
    52
    98
    230
    30
    47
    42
    0
    117
    54
    0
    0
    50
    36
    53
    42
    0
    55
    80
    30
    13
    98

    3
    11
    0
    4
    2
    5
    7
    1
    4
    2
    3
    7
    0
    1
    1
    4
    5
    37
    3
    5
    3
    0
    9
    4
    8
    7
    7
    9
    1
    5
    19
    6
    10
    2
    0
    4

    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    1
    0
    0
    1
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    2
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    0
    2
    0
    0
    0
    0
    1
    0
    0
    0

    265
    543
    274
    323
    342
    557
    325
    310
    341
    378
    287
    291
    340
    239
    269
    239
    384
    1007
    131
    319
    258
    250
    579
    433
    407
    242
    350
    300
    366
    257
    336
    425
    364
    209
    223
    286

    10847

    11125

    4385

    564

    31

    36364

    230

    cg';"rL3M ;+ljwfg;efsf dfggLo ;ef;b\Ho"x?sf] gfdfjnL


    -!_ ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg, @)^$
    -s_ k|ToIf lgjf{rgaf6 lgjf{lrt ;ef;b\Ho"x?
    qm=;+=
    gfd
    bnsf] gfd
    ! x]d/fh tft]8
    dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/d
    @ hok|sfz k|;fb u'Ktf
    dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/d
    # dx]z k|;fb ofbj
    ;befjgf kf6L{
    $ /]0f' s'df/L ofbj
    dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/d
    % ;b?n ldof xs
    :jtGq
    ^ d[u]Gb| s'df/ l;+x ofbj
    dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/d
    ;|f]tM lgjf{rg cfof]u, sf7df08f}, g]kfn

    g]kfn
    g]kfn
    g]kfn
    g]kfn

    -v_ ;dfg'kflts tkm{af6 lgjf{lrt ;ef;b\Ho"x?


    qm=;+= gfd
    bnsf] gfd
    1.
    nIdLnfn rf}w/L
    g]kfn nf]stflGqs ;dfhjfbL bn
    2.
    /d0fL /fd
    t/fO{ dw]z nf]stflGqs kf6L{
    3.
    gGbg s'df/ bQ
    dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/d g]kfn
    4.
    ljZjgfy k|;fb ofbj
    dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/d g]kfn
    5.
    nlntf s'df/L ;fx
    g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_
    6.
    nIdL s'df/L rf}w/L
    g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_
    7.
    lzj/fd ofbj
    g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_
    8.
    lzjrGb| ld>
    g]kfnL sf+u|];
    9.
    d'GgL s'df/L u'Ktf
    g]kfnL sf+u|];
    10.
    /fdlk|t kf;jfg
    g]skf -Pdfn]_
    ;|f]tM lgjf{rg cfof]u, sf7df08f}, g]kfn

    lg=If]=
    !
    @
    #
    $
    %
    ^

    k|fKt dt
    (*&(
    *%!%
    !)#)@
    !@^*!
    !)^)#
    !$)@*

    pd]/
    ^$
    $)
    $(
    #$
    @*
    #^
    $!
    ^#
    @(
    %$

    -!_ ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg, @)&)


    -s_ k|ToIf lgjf{rgaf6 lgjf{lrt ;ef;b\Ho"x?
    qm=;+=
    gfd
    bnsf] gfd
    1.
    dfgk'/ rf}w/L
    Pg]skf -dfcf]jfbL_
    2.
    czf]s s'df/ d+8n Pg]skf -dfcf]jfbL_
    3.
    pd]z s'df/ ofbj
    Pg]skf -dfcf]jfbL_
    4.
    tf/f sfGt rf}w/L
    g]skf -Pdfn]_
    5.
    t]h' nfn rf}w/L
    g]kfnL sf+u|];
    6.
    ;'/]Gb| k|;fb ofbj
    g]kfnL sf+u|];=
    ;|f]tM lgjf{rg cfof]u, sf7df08f}, g]kfn
    231

    lg=If]=
    !
    @
    #
    $
    %
    ^

    pd]/
    %@
    #^
    $#
    $*
    %!
    %%

    k|fKt dt
    (*$$
    ^)%&
    *&$^
    *@!&
    &(%(
    %**#

    -v_ ;dfg'kflts tkm{af6 lgjf{lrt ;ef;b\Ho"x?


    qm=;+= gfd
    bnsf] gfd
    1.
    /+lht s0f{
    g]kfnL sf+u|];
    2.
    ;To gf/fo0f d08n
    g]skf -Pdfn]_
    3.
    /~h' s'df/L emf
    g]skf -Pdfn]_
    4.
    u+uf k|;fb ofbj
    /fk|kf g]kfn
    5.
    lht]Gb| gf/fo0f b]j
    dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/d g]kfn -nf]=_
    6.
    /d0fL /fd
    dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/d g]kfn -nf]=_
    7.
    nIdL s'df/L rf}w/L
    dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/d g]kfn
    8.
    ldlynf rf}w/L
    g]skf -;+o'Qm_
    ;|f]tM lgjf{rg cfof]u, sf7df08f}, g]kfn

    232

    pd]/
    $)
    ^@
    $*
    ^@
    %^
    $%
    #!
    $&

    ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L
    g]kfnL
    1. lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;Kt/L -@)^)_, k|yd cfjlws lhNNff ljsf; of]hgf cf=a= @)%(^)
    b]lv @)^#^$
    2. lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;Kt/L -@)^)_, ;Kt/L lhNnf kfZj{lrq, @)^)
    3. g]kfn ;/sf/, /fli6o of]hgf cfof]u -@)%&_, cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ;DjGwL
    lgb]{lzsf
    4. g]kfn ;/sf/, ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno -@)&)_, cfjlws lhNnf ljsf;
    of]hgf th'{df ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf, rf}yf] ;+:s/0f -ck|sflzt_
    5. /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsf -@)&)_, cfjlws gu/ ljsf; of]hgf, @)&)
    6. s]=t=lj -@)^(_ rf}dfl;s tYof ultljlw Year 35, Volume 105, No.-1, 2011/12,
    7. s]Gb|Lo tYof\s ljefu -@)&) cfiff9_, g]kfndf ul/aLsf] n3'If]q cg'dfg, @)^*
    8. lgjf{rg cfof]u, sf7df08f}, g]kfn -@)&!)
    English
    1. Intensive Study and Research Centre, Kathmandu, Napal (2012), District and VDC Profile of
    Nepal-2013
    2. GoN/MoAD (2012). Agri-Business Promotion and Statistics Division, Statistics Section,
    Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture 2011/012,
    3. CBS (2012). National Population and Housing Census 2011, Village Development
    Committees/Muncipalities, Volume 2
    4. CBS (2014). National Population and Housing Census 2011, (Tables from form-II), Volume
    3.
    5. CBS (2014). National Population and Housing Census 2011, Social Characteristics Tables,
    Volume 5, Part III,

    233

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