NEPLAN DistributionModules

Power System Analysis Software
Successfully applied all over the world
Modules for Distribution
NEPLAN one of the most complete planning, optimization

and simulation tool for transmission, distribution, generation
and industrial networks.
Reliable Efficient User-friendly
Graphical User Interface and Data Management

Application: Transmission Distribution Industrial - Generation
Data management
-
Most intuitive Graphical User Interface
Multi-document and multi-window system
All equipment can be entered graphically and/or table oriented (like in a excel sheet)
There is no restriction on drawing sizes and number of nodes and elements.
Extensive editing functions like undo, redo, delete, copy, move and zoom for processing the network
diagram are available. An element can be moved from one node to an other node without deleting
the element.
OLE functionality: Data and graphic can be moved to and from third party software (like MS-Excel,
MS-Word). Project documentation was never easier.
The equipment data are entered in dialogs, with plausibility checks provided. A coloring tool helps to
show which data is needed for which analysis (e.g. short circuit, transient stability etc.)
Integrated Variant Manager (insert, delete, append, compare variants, compare results, etc.).
ASCII file or SQL database oriented import/export functions for exchanging network data, topology
data and load data are available.
Interfaces to external programs (e.g. measured data) can be implemented.
Import of a geographic map as a background graphic, for easier schematic capturing.
Import of almost any raster and vector graphic files (e.g. PCX and DXF files).
Graphics can be exported as raster files (e.g. JPG, which can be used in any internet web browser).
Option for combining and separating networks. Any number of independent network areas and
zones are possible. Each element and node can belong to any independent area and zone.
Extensive functions for network statistics and network documentations are available.
A state of the art library manager with extensive libraries for each element type facilitates data entry.
All computation modules access a shared database.
Integrated chart manager allows to analyze and compare all results from all variants.
Multi-lingual Graphical User Interface.

2
Variant Management
-
Non-redundant storage and management of

variants.
For each network, you can select
* any desired switch states (topology file)
* any desired loading states (loading file)
For each network you can define and store

any desired number of variants and
subvariants (variant tree). In the variant data,
only the differences from the parent variant
are saved.
Variants can be compared, merged and

deleted.
The diagrams of different projects and

variants can be displayed at the same time
Results from two different variants can be

displayed on the diagram in one result label.
Results of two variants can be compared in

the chart manager.
Multi-Diagram and Multi-LayerTechnique
A network can be entered in several different

diagrams, so that the HV network, for instance,
is in one diagram, and the MV network in one
or more other diagrams.
Each diagram can have any number of graphic

layers. These layers can be colored, locked,
hidden or shown.
Zooming into stations: in the overview diagram,

a station is shown as a black box, while in
another diagram it is depicted in detail, with all
its breakers, protective devices and
instruments.
Topological linkage of elements over more

than one diagram.
All diagrams will be considered for various

analysis (e.g. load flow).
One element can have more than one

graphical representation in the same diagram
or in different diagrams.
OLE copy/paste graphic data from and to MS-Word

3
Auxiliary Graphics
-
Auxiliary graphics can be used for

documenting the diagram.
Input of lines, rectangles, ellipses, arcs,

ellipse sections, polygons, polylines, any kind
of bitmap graphics.
Input of user text with selectable character

set.
Color for background, foreground, line,

outlines and fill patterns is user-selectable.
Functions available for rendering overlapped

symbol elements, rendering, alignment and
rotation
Network Diagram Coloring

-
Colors and line types can be freely selected.
Elements overloaded after a load flow or

short-circuit-current analysis are colorhighlighted.
Isolated elements can be highlighted.
Coloring options to distinguish userselectable network areas, zones, feeders,

voltage levels, earthed or un-supplied
networks and galvanic separated networks.
Differences to the parent variant or the root

net can be colored.
Each element can be colored individually.
User defined graphic layers can be colored.
Coloring according to ranges. Many

calculated variables can be colored
according to their values (e.g. according to
element losses or according to voltage
drops)
Results in tables and graphic charts, flow

animation, background visualization,
gauche, pie charts

4
Symbol-Editor
-
The user can create and define

for each element type and node
his own symbols.
Any number of different

symbols per element type or
node can be defined.
All symbols will be displayed

while entering the diagram. Just
drag and drop the desired
symbol to the diagram
On the diagram the symbols

can be flipped, rotated and
resized.
SQL Database Connection

-
All element data can be imported and

exported to any SQL database (like
Oracle, MS-Access, etc.)
SQL database includes all network

equipment (HVDC, FACTS, protection
devices, user defined data, etc.).
The network topology can be stored.
Graphic of the elements and nodes can

be exported and imported.
All data of all libraries can be imported

and exported.
Can be used as interface to existing GIS

and NIS or DMS/SCADA systems.
Very flexible storing and import features,

like full import or only updating, storing
only variant differences, network zones
or areas, voltage levels, etc.
Handles very large networks
Partial reading of data fields (e.g. read

only the line length but do not read the
R and X values)

5
Library Manager
-
The comprehensive library

manager is fully integrated.
NEPLAN offers an extensive

element library for lines,
synchronous and asynchronous
machines, transformers,
harmonic current sources and
motor characteristics.
The user can create

complementary libraries.
While entering network data the

data in the library can be
accessed. Further more the data
entered in the network, can be
exported to the library.
All network data can be updated

with changed library data.
The data can be entered through

excel like table sheets.
Import/export to MS-Excel with

drag and drop.
Import/export to any SQL

database. Update functionality from/ to database is provided.
Part of diagrams with all technical data can be stored in the library (e.g. used for IEEE control
circuits).
Chart Manager
-
The chart manager allows to display

the results in different charts (e.g. line,
bar, etc.).
Any number of sub charts can be

displayed in one chart.
A user defined logo (as bitmap) can be

added to the header for documentation
purposes
Results from different variants can be

compared and displayed in the same
chart.
Export the chart to *.JPG file for any

internet browser.
Copy/paste to the clipboard for

documentation (e.g. MS-Words).

6
Data storing and Interfaces

NEPLAN stores all the network data, such as single line diagram, protection devices, controllers, calculation
parameters and results in an internal database in order to handle in an easier and faster way the data.
NEVERTHELESS represents NEPLAN a very open system. All NEPLAN data are accessible from external
system. Principally there several ways to transfer data from or to NEPLAN:
-
NEPLAN Programming Library (NPL)
ASCII files (Excel)
GIS/SCADA interface
SQL database
NPL is a C/C++ API library, which includes functions to access NEPLAN data and calculation algorithms
through a C/C++ user written program. More information could be found in a separate document.
The ASCII files allows to import/export all the

-
electrical parameters of the primary elements, like lines, transformers, generators, motors, etc.
load and measurement data as well as pre-defined load profiles
protection device types and settings
Harmonic currents and voltages
Control circuit data (function blocks)
The GIS/SCADA interface is supported by many GIS manufacturers and is an ASCII file, which includes only
the most essential information, such as graphic information, interconnection of elements, state of switches,
type of elements and the line length. The electrical data are taken from the NEPLAN library.
GIS
DB
Developed by GIS manufacturer
Interface GIS/SCADA
Interface
file
NEPLAN
Library
NEPLAN
Results
GIS Interface
Developed by BCP
NEPLAN

7
Germany
Engstlatt
Station Kaisterfeld
Sierentz
France
Schlattingen
Gurtweil
Riet
Asphard
Koblenz
Weinfelden
Leibstadt
Muenchwilen
Austria
Toess
Lachmatt
Moerschwil
Wittenwil
Ormalingen
Regensdorf
Birr
Seebach
Rupp
Montlingen
Waldegg
Auwiesen
Aathal
Niederwil
Oftringen
Wollishofen
Faellanden
Mambeli
Thalwil
Lindenholz
Meiningen
Obfelden
Flumenthal
Sursee
Altgass
Pieterlen
Westtirol
Samstagern
Siebnen
Gerlafingen
Littau
Ingenbohl
Mapragg
Kerzers
Pradella
Galmiz
Plattis
Rothenbrunnen
Wattenwil
Mathod
Hauterive
Wimmis
Innertkirchen
Ilanz
Filisur
Goeschenen
Vaux
T.Acqua
Gstaad
Banlieu
La Veyre
Botterens
Ulrichen
Robiei
Peccia
Eysins
Biasca
Fiesch
Veytaux
Ponte
Bitsch
Moerel
Robbia
Bavona
Iragna
Chavalon
Piedilago
Cavergno
Sondrio
Mese
Cornier
Bois Tollot
Foretaille
Avegno
Stalden
Serra
Gorduno
Chandolin
Pressy
Batiaz
Magadino
Vallorcine
Pallanzeno
Musignano
Bulciago
Italy
Valpelline
Avise
ZOOM into STATION Kaisterfeld

P=9.6
Q=10.7
Ploss=0.0
Qloss=0.0
Load=0.0
Kuehmoos
380 kV
2
3
Sierentz
1
P=11.4
Q=13.3
Ploss=0.0
Qloss=0.0
Load=0.0
P=-49.0
Q=-19.1
Ploss=0.0
Qloss=0.0
Load=0.0
P=242.1
Q=74.1
Ploss=0.0
Qloss=0.0
Load=0.0
P=-660.1
Q=-270.0
Ploss=0.8
Qloss=67.3
Load=71.3
P=242.4
Q=74.1
Ploss=0.0
Qloss=0.0
Load=0.0
P=660.9
Q=337.3
Ploss=0.8
Qloss=67.3
Load=74.2
LindenholzEngstlatt
LeibstadtTiengen
220 kV
A
Gurtweil
A
LAUFENB-TRAFO2
U=243.353
B
LAUFENB-TRAFO3
U=406.600
P=660.9
Q=337.3
Ploss=0.0
Qloss=0.0
Load=0.0
LAUFENB3 R
U=414.144
LAUFENB3 B
U=406.600
P=-660.1
Q=-270.0
Ploss=0.0
Qloss=0.0
Load=0.0
LAUFENB2 R
U=243.353
LAUFENB2 B
U=240.435
Asphard
Bassecourt
Oftringen220kV 380kV
Muenchwilen
Bickigen
Goesgen
P=-148.2
Q=78.2
Ploss=0.0
Qloss=0.0
Load=0.0
P=172.8
Q=85.3
Ploss=0.0
Qloss=0.0
Load=0.0
P=70.9
Q=-58.4
Ploss=0.0
Qloss=0.0
Load=0.0
P=119.0
Q=-121.4
Ploss=0.0
Qloss=0.0
Load=0.0
P=37.2
Q=12.8
Ploss=0.0
Qloss=0.0
Load=0.0
220kV 380kV
Beznau
P=-105.3
Q=2.3
Ploss=0.0
Qloss=0.0
Load=0.0
Breite
P=512.1
Q=8.0
Ploss=0.0
Qloss=0.0
Load=0.0

NEPLAN Modules
1
The power system analysis software NEPLAN consists of several modules, which can be bought individually.
The modules can be grouped as follows:
Base Modules
Load Flow/Contingency Analysis
Short Circuit Analysis
Harmonic Analysis
Motor Starting Analysis
Line Parameter Calculation
Network Reduction
Investment Analysis (present value)
Dynamic Simulator: RMS-Simulation
Over current Protection
Distance Protection
Reliability Analysis
NPL Programming Library (C/C++)
Interfaces GIS/SCADA (SQL, ASCII)
Transmission Modules
Distribution Modules
Base Modules
N-1 constrained Optimal Power Flow
Available Transfer Capability Analysis (ATC)
Dynamic Simulator: RMS, EMT, Phasor dynamics
Voltage and Small signal Stability
Day-Ahead Congestion Forecast (DACF)
Asset Management (RCM)
Grounding System Analysis
Base Modules
Load Forecast / Load profiles
Optimization of Distribution Network
Assessment of network disturbances
Optimal Feeder Reinforcement
Optimal Capacitor Placement
Phase Swapping
Optimal Network Restoration Strategy
Cable thermal analysis
Low-voltage calculation
Fault Finding
Asset Management (RCM)
Industrial Modules
NEPLAN Toolbox for Research
Base Modules
Cable sizing
Arc Flash Calculation
Grounding System Analysis
All Modules
NPL Programming Library (C/C++)
Matlab/Simulink Interface
Some of the modules are explained below. Please ask for more information or visit our Homepage
www.neplan.ch .
Load Flow Analysis

General Characteristics
-
Computation methods: Current Iteration, Newton Raphson, Extended Newton Raphson, Voltage
Drop (per-phase), DC load flow
3-, 2- and 1-phase AC and DC systems for meshed, looped and radial networks from HV to LV
Disperse generation models (wind power, photo voltaic, small hydro, geothermic, etc.)
User-defined modeling with NEPLAN C/C++ API.
Voltage and flow control with phase-shifting transformers.
HVDC, PWM and FACTS devices, like SVC, STATCOM, TCSC, UPFC
Node types: slack, PQ, PV, PC, SC, PI, IC with intuitive assignment. More than one slack node
possible.
Power interchange between area / zones (area interchange control) and distributed slack node
Predefined and user defined scaling factors for fast load and generation variations
Measurement data import and load balancing
Calculation of loss sensitivities (PDTF-factors)
Powerful convergence control with initialization file input /

output
Limit check and appropriate automatic conversion of the

node type.
Load Flow Analysis

Results
-
Automatic display of results.
Move and Delete function for result boxes.
Self-defined result output: the user can select items, units, font, precision, placement.
Overloaded elements or nodes with voltages outside predefined limits are highlighted.
Line thickness corresponds to element loading.
Results can be saved in a text file (ASCII).
Table output: for the whole network, individually for each area / zone. Listing of power flows between
area/zones, overloaded elements, sorting function, selective output.
Table interface with MS-Excel.

1
-
Standards IEC 60909, ANSI/IEEE C37.10/C37.13
IEC 61363-1 for off-shore/ship plants, IEC 61660 for DC networks
3-phase, 2-phase and 1-phase AC system or DC networks
Superposition method with

consideration of prefault voltages
from a load flow.
Computation of single-, two- (with

and without earth connection) and
three-phase faults.
Option for computing user-defined

fault types (e.g. double earth fault,
fault between two voltage levels).
Option for computing line faults

(fault location on line userselectable).
Computable fault current types:

initial symmetrical short-circuit
current and power, peak, breaking,
steady state, thermal and
asymmetrical breaking current, plus
DC component.
Computation of minimum/maximum
short-circuit current.
Accurate model for transformer

earthing connection.
Petersen coil tuning in resonance

earthed networks
Current limiting due to circuit

breakers and MOV.
Line Coupling
-
Mutual impedances and capacitances in the

positive and negative-sequence systems
are allowed for in short-circuit current
computation.
Circuit and coupling parameters of the

overhead lines are computed from the
conductor configuration.
Overhead lines with up to 6 3-phase

systems and 3 earth wires can be
computed (earthing of 3-phase systems
considered).
Unrestricted number of overhead lines can

be entered.
Parameters and conductor configuration

are saved in an SQL database.

Results
-
Automatic display of results.
Move and delete function for result boxes.
Self-defined result output in regard to units, formats and fault current types.
Results can be inserted either at the beginning and/or end node, or also in the element's center.
In the event of a short-circuit, all overloaded pieces of equipment (current transformers, voltage
transformers, circuit-breakers, etc.) are highlighted.
Results can be saved in a result file (ASCII file) and in an SQL database.
Result lists can be saved in text files.
List output: sorted by voltage levels. Short-circuit impedance and all computable fault currents are
output as phase values or as symmetrical components.

Application: Distribution Industrial - Generation
Motor Starting Computation

-
Simulation of motor start-up in unlimited

networks.
Simultaneous or time-delayed start-up for

any desired number of motors.
Identification of motor parameters using

the least square method from input values
for torque, current and cos(phi) in function
of the slip.
Different motor models, depending on the

motor data entered.
Saturation and eddy-current losses in the

motor allowed for (linear or point-bypoint).
Libraries for standard motor data, plus

additional libraries for Me(s), I(s) and
cosj(s) are available (can be extended by
the user).
Operating point computation for all nonstarting motors in accordance with their load characteristics (Newton-Raphson).
Automatic tap changing transformers are allowed for after a user-defined time-delay.
Load torque entered as a characteristic or

as a linear or quadratic load torque curve.
Libraries for load torques are available

(can be extended by the user).
Start-up devices are allowed for, such as

star-delta starter, series resistor,
transformer, soft starter, etc.
Voltage Drop
-
Computation of voltage drop to the moment t = 0.
Reduced data entry for motors and computation parameters.
Non-starting motors can be simulated by a user-defined load PQ (constant power) or shunt.
Overloaded elements, measuring instruments and protective devices or nodes with voltages outside
a defined range are highlighted.
Results of the voltage drop computation are displayed in the single line diagram.
The motor data entered and the motor parameters computed can be accessed by clicking on the
motor concerned in the single line diagram.

Results
-
Computation of voltage U(t) at predefined nodes.
Computation l(t), P(t), Q(t) for each predefined element.
Computation of motor current I, load torque M, electromagnetic

torque Me, active power P and reactive power Q as functions of
time, or of the slip for starting-up and non-starting-up motors.
Graphical output of the characteristic curves and time

characteristics, with automatic scaling of the axes.
Dimensioning and colors can be altered.
Results can be saved in result files for evaluation by means of

spreadsheet programs (such as MS-Excel).
Harmonic Analysis
1
Application: Transmission Distribution Industrial
-
3-phase, 2-phase, 1-phase AC systems.
Planning of ripple control systems,

dimensioning of compensators (SVC)
and harmonic filters, determination of
network impedance for sub-synchronous
resonance or filter design.
Frequency response of meshed networks.
U-I and I-U sensitivity for each frequency.
Distributed parameter line model applied.
Computation of network impedance and

harmonic level for each frequency and
for each node.
Frequency-dependence of elements is
considered. Libraries available.
Automatic frequency step length control

during impedance computation to detect
resonances.
Calculation in the positive component

system (symmetrical) or in the phase
system
Calculation of self- and mutual line

impedances in function of the frequency
Harmonic load flow (P, Q, I, U, losses)
Results in frequency or time domain.
Harmonic Levels
-
Current and voltage computation at all frequencies and at all predefined nodes and elements.
Computation of r.m.s. values for harmonic voltages and currents with fundamental harmonic voltage
or current taken from the Load flow (optional).
Computation of total harmonic voltage factor in conformity with DIN/IEC and distortion factor in
accordance with IEEE.
-
Computation of telephone parameters (TIF, IT,

KVT) or transformer k-factor.
Comparison of computed harmonic levels with the

limit values laid down in any standards desired.
List output of ripple control currents and voltages at

any desired frequencies and at each node and each
element.
Automatic entry of results in the single line diagram.
Harmonic sum calculation: vectorial, geometric,

arithmetic, acc. to IEC 1000-2-6
Harmonic Analysis
Application: Transmission Distribution Industrial
Harmonic source
-
Harmonic sources (current and voltage

sources) are entered directly in the single
line diagram. Libraries available
Harmonic sources can be assigned directly

to loads or any power electronic elements,
such as Converter, SVC, PWM, etc.
Unlimited number of harmonic

sources (current/voltage) can be
computed with each harmonic.
Any harmonic can be handled, e.g. interharmonics due to saturation effects.
Filter Dimensioning
-
Filter elements are transferred directly into the single line

diagram.
Filter elements: filters (normal, HP, C-filter), series RLCcircuits with or without earth connection, ripple control
traps.
Filters are dimensioned directly by the program.
Filter data are listed or saved in a text file.
Results can be saved in result files for evaluation by

means of spreadsheet programs (like MS-Excel).
Selectivity Analysis
-
All types of protective devices with a current-time characteristic can be entered: fuses, circuitbreakers, definite-time and inverse-time over-current relays, electronic relays.
Several protective functions can be assigned to each protective device: non-directional or directional
over-current and earth-fault protection ).
Exact modeling of setting ranges
Extensive libraries with protective devices from a variety of manufacturers are available, and can be
extended at will.
Option for entering user-defined characteristics for simulating motor start-ups or thermal capability of
conductors, transformers, etc.
Characteristic can be shifted using a k-factor (inverse-time relay).
Entry options for characteristics: point-by-point or formula in conformity with IEC or IEEE/ANSI.
Simulation of fault clearing procedure in meshed networks, involves also distance protection.
Selectivity Analysis
Selectivity Diagram
-
Protection device and current transformers are positioned in the network plan graphically.
Automatic generation of selectivity diagrams based on s/c calculation
Unrestricted number of characteristics can be incorporated in one diagram.
Changing the relay settings directly in the selectivity diagram
Unrestricted number of diagrams can be processed simultaneously.
Selectivity analysis over more than one voltage level and independently of the network type and size
involved.
Two reference voltages for diagrams can be user-defined.
Individualized coloring of the characteristics.
No limit on number of diagrams and protective numbers for management.
Export of complete diagram to Word etc. by clipboard or emf-files
Change
of relay
settings
Transferring Current Values

-
Direct connection from short-circuit current and load flow module for transferring the currents.
Unrestricted number of currents can be transferred into one diagram.
Import/export functions.
Protection Libraries
NEPLAN offers extensive libraries with most used relays-, circuit breaker - and fuse-types. The libraries are
constantly updated and extended. It will be handed out for free at the moment of a NEPLAN software
purchase or can be downloaded anytime from the Internet by users with a valid maintenance contract.
Distance Protection
Application: Transmission Distribution
All types of distance protection relays (irrespective of the manufacturer) can be entered.
Relays up to 4 impedance zones, 1 over reach zone, 1 backward zone and 1 auto-reclosure zone for
line-line and line-earth faults can be defined.
Start-up characteristics: Over current, angle dependent under impedance, R/X-characteristic,

directional/bi-directional end time.
Processes analog and binary signals and sends out binary signals during dynamic simulation. Binary
signals can be: Blocking, Enable, Intertripping, Range Extension, External Starting, Auto-reclosure
Blocking, etc, e.g. POTT (Permissive over-reach transfer tripping) and PUTT (Permissive underreach transfer tripping) can be simulated.
Interaction between distance protection relay with any other relay type can be defined for dynamic
simulation.
Relay can be modeled within Matlab/Simulink or with NEPLAN function blocks for dynamic
simulation.
Input of any R/X-Characteristic: MHO, Circle, Polygone, Lens, etc. or defined by functions
Modules for over current, power swing, pole sip.
Interface to relay test devices. Import/Export of RIO-Format (Relay Interface by Omicron).
Simulation of fault clearing procedure in meshed networks based on the short circuit module. It
involves also over current protection.
Distance Protection
2
Automatic setting of the relays considering several methodologies (selectable).
Mutual impedances and capacitances of the positive and zero sequence systems as well as the
loading state of the network and infeeds are considered for calculating network impedances.
Impedance/Reactance of the positive sequence system or the loop impedances are calculated for
any short circuit type. Compensation factors due to zero sequence system impedance and mutual
coupling are considered in calculating the loop impedances.
Automatic and user-defined creation of selective tripping schedule.
Tripping time will be displayed in the single line diagram and in tables after a short circuit calculation.
All fault types, plus sliding faults of the short circuit module are allowed for.
Fault location finding. Fault location will be displayed in the single line diagram or listed according to
the previously measured impedance value. Tolerance will be considered.
Interactive change of relay setting parameters and characteristics.
Display of all calculated

impedances with the relay
characteristics
Impedances can be
entered/displayed in primary or
secondary values. CT and VT
are considered.
- Zones are colored in the single line diagram

for a predefined relay.
Probabilistic Reliability Analysis

Determining the frequency, average duration and cost of network component failures, leading to
supply interruptions.
Consideration of
-
Outage behavior (failure rate and repair times) of network equipment
Network operation in normal state and for multiple order network contingencies
Admissible short-time component overloading
Protection concept including protection failures
Realistic generation patterns and load curves
Reliability Analysis is imperative for

-
Optimum asset allocation and cost-benefit analysis for investments in transmission and distribution
networks
Design and evaluation of innovative substation layouts
Weak-point analysis in existing networks
Design of automation concepts in public and industrial distribution networks
Detailed and objective discussion of network connection concepts for high-demand customers and
power plants
Cost-effective mitigation of power quality problems (voltage sags)
Add-on for NEPLAN-Main a tool to apply Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) Strategy, which
leads to substantial reduction of maintenance expenses
Procedure of Reliability Analysis

Relevant component failures
Single order contingencies:
Second order contingencies:
Stochastic failures
Overlapping independent stochastic outages
Common-Mode failures
Spontaneous protection tripping
Failure occurring during the maintenance of the backup

components
Protection failure or overfunction
Multiple earth-faults
Calculated results
-
Frequency of supply interruptions
fd
in #/yr
Probability of supply interruptions
qd
in min/yr
Mean interruption durations
Td
in hrs
Energy not served in time
Wd
in MWh/yr
Interruption cost
Cd
in $/yr
Presentation of results
-
Result values printed at load nodes in

network plan
Color shading of the network graph in

dependence of the reliability results
Various filter functions implemented

for detailed analysis
Integrated flexible diagram functions

to visualize the calculation results
Results fully exportable for use in

tables and diagrams
Evaluation functions
-
Consideration of power/energyspecific interruption cost
Filter to investigate component

contributions to load node
interruptions
Copying of diagrams into clipboard
Shading of network diagram in

dependence of load node results
Analysis of system reaction after

faults
Dynamic Simulator
1
The NEPLAN Dynamic Simulator is the most advanced on the market!
Simulator Modes
The NEPLAN simulator includes the following five calculation modes:
RMS Transient Simulation in the DQ0 and ABC reference frame
EMT Electromagnetic Transients Simulation in the DQ0 and ABC reference frame
EMT Electromagnetic Transients Simulation using Dynamic Phasor Models.
The RMS mode is used for simulating the slower electromechanical transients, where the electrical
model quantities are described by their fundamental frequency components. The EMT simulations are
performed for the simulation of fast electromagnetic transients using instantaneous values. The
simulation of symmetrical network conditions (e.g. 3-phase faults) in DQO mode is much faster than in
ABC mode. However the modeling in ABC mode is more flexible and is the preferable mode if
unsymmetrical network condition must be simulated.
The use of Dynamic Phasor models is a completely new approach which is unique on the market. This
mode allows the simulation of fast electromagnetic phenomena as accurate as in an EMT mode, but
much faster.
No more struggling with initialization, since the simulator has sophisticated built in initialization
algorithms.
Dynamic Models - Matlab
BUS3
3.3 kV
u=100.32 %
BUS1
0.69 kV
u=99.80 %
Extensive library with many AC, DC and controller

models, e.g. exciters, turbines, regulators.
DC
1.15 kV
u=115.00 %
NODE-R
3.3 kV
u=8.03 %
For researchers: Most effective and flexible
development of customized models in Matlab .
Existing Simulink controllers may be run together
with NEPLAN
P=-0.341 MW
Q=-0.264 Mvar
P=-0.341 MW
Q=0.000 Mvar
P=0.341 MW
Q=0.264 Mvar
PWM-R
Grid Side PWM - Controller
Rotor Side PWM - Controller

N-SIG1
N-CTRL1
P1
Q1
IDR
IDR
IQR
IQR
CROWBAR
Any variable (signal) of any component may be

accessed to build up master controllers (e.g. wind
park controllers or AGC - automatic generation
control)
P=-0.341 MW
Q=-0.092 Mvar
P=0.341 MW
Q=0.000 Mvar
PWM-G
N-PWM-R
N-SIG2
MD
N-CTRL2
VDC
VDC
IQ1
IQ
Q2
MD
N-PWM-G
MD
MD
MQ
MQ
MQ
MQ
P=0.341 MW
Q=0.092 Mvar
P=-4.500 MW
Q=-0.200 Mvar
G1d
P=-0.341 MW
Q=-0.073 Mvar
L1
BUS2
0.69 kV
u=101.28 %
VD1
VD
VQ1
VQ
CROWBAR
Fig.: Customized Wind Power Controllers (PWM, DFIG)
Applications
Short-term, Mid-term and Long-term dynamic

simulation.
Sub-synchronous resonance with EMT

simulation
Load shedding and protection schemes
HVDC, FACTS, SVC design and regulation
Machine dynamics and startup simulations
PSS tuning with Eigenvalue and Sensitivity

analysis
Automatic generation control (AGC)
Dynamic Simulator
Protection Devices
-
Min-max-relays (overcurrent, undervoltage,

frequency,...): modeled with up to 4 tripping
stages. E.g. various load shedding schemes
may be simulated.
Over current relays and fuses
Pole slip relays, model includes binary input

signals from external sources.
Distance protection with any characteristic: pickup and tripping stages, impedance diagrams,
binary input signals from external sources.
User defined protection described by equations

or function blocks
Disturbances
-
Generation and storage of various disturbance cases.
Each disturbance case may have more than one event.
Definition of faults (symmetrical and unsymmetrical) on buses, bus elements, branches.
Loss of generator excitation
Different switching operations (feed-forward control in control circuits, cross coupling of protective
devices, in/out of branches, etc.).
Transformer tap modification.
Load shedding scenarios (also in relation to frequency relay).
Disturbances with function generators (step, ramp, sinusoidal function or combination).
Start-up of motors with different start-up devices.
User-defined disturbances (every variable can be modified in the network/control)
User-defined modeling in Dynamic Simulator

3
Researcher and developers need to have the ability to define

their own power system component models. That could be
amongst others:
- special load flow models
- special dynamic models for machines or loads
- controllers for wind power systems or FACTS devices
- wide area network controllers
- detailed model of protection devices
- etc.
Modelling for Researchers

- Modelling with the C/ C++ API
- Function block diagram editor
- Modelling in Matlab with DSAR
NEPLAN offers excellent functionalities to develop such user

defined models (UDM) and integrate them into an existing
NEPLAN network model. Furthermore NEPLAN data may
be accessed by a C/C++ API, the NEPLAN Programming

Library (NPL). The model will be used in binary format, in
order to protect the work and know how of the developer of
such a UDM.
- Run NEPLAN and Simulink and

use Simulink defined models
and controllers
L5-2
User-defined LF model controlling

P=2 MW and I=20 A at line 4-8
1) Load flow models may be defined with the
NEPLAN C/C++ API. Basically the load flow

equations will be written in a C/C++ program. The
compiled DLL file will then be assigned in the
NEPLAN graphical editor. The dialog in NEPLAN
show the parameters and signals which have to be
defined for the model.
P=-2.57 MW
I=45.68 A
P=-7.17 MW
Q=-10.81 Mvar
P=3.76 MW
I=35.20 A
THIRTEEN
U=8.8 kV
Uang=0.659
LIN 2-4 2
P=7.17 MW
I=853.54 A
P=-3.76 MW
I=35.24 A
P=2.58 MW
I=44.96 A
FIVE
U=65.3 kV
Uang=-0.141
P=2.00 MW
I=20.00 A
TRA6 -13
P=-2.58 MW
I=44.96 A
LIN 5- 6
LIN 4- 8
P=-7.15 MW
I=111.62 A
P=-2.00 MW
I=20.01 A
EIGHT
U=65.0 kV
Uang=-0.235
P=2.59 MW
I=43.87 A
SIX
U=65.7 kV
Uang=-0.069
Exponential Recovery Load Model

Input
VT
Polar
VD1
Polar
Ps
Input
Power
LAG
VQ1
2) With the NEPLAN function block drawing

editor the user may define graphically new
dynamic models for controllers as well as for
primary components and loads. The example on
the right shows an exponential recovery load
model.
3) The models may be described directly in
Differential Switched-Algebraic State Reset
Equations (DSAR) in Matlab. The NEPLAN
Matlab interface automatically generates a binary

DLL file which may be assigned to user defined
NEPLAN component. Parameters and external

signals may be set in the NEPLAN dialog.
xp
LS
P1
Output
xp
P1
Pt
Power
LT
Source
P0
Qs
Power
LAG
BS
Q1
xq
Output
xq
Q1
Source
Q0
Qt
Power
BT
%----------DSAR model ------------f_equations:

%-----------------------------------------dt(dVf)= 1/TR*(VT - dVf)
dt(dEFD)= 1/TA*(KA*xtgr dEFD)*NOLIMIT
dt(dxi)= xerr - xtgr
if t < 0
dt(dVref) = VT - Vsetpoint
else
dt(dVref) = 0
end
Input
UDBlock( 2 x 1 )
Output
Simulink
EFD
VT
DFIG User defined controller in ABC simulation mode
Input
4) It is possible to use directly the models and
controllers from Simulink. Simulink and
NEPLAN are the running at the same time and in
each time step NEPLAN and Simulink exchange

data.
Simulink Exciter Model
CT Saturation and Thermal Analysis

Current Transformer Saturation

Saturation check according to
-
IEEE C37.110-1996
IEC 60044-1 2003
Results
Vs
Vs
Saturation Curve
Saturation Curve
Ve
Ve
volts
volts
rms
rms
Individual check or all CTs together
Check for 3-phase and 1-phase faults
Saturation criterias according to standard

are listed in tables
Plot of ideal and distorted secondary CT current
Ie amp rms 10
Ie amp rms 10
Thermal Line Analysis

Thermal short circuit capacity
-
DIN VDE 100 Part 540, IEC 865-1:1993 or ANSI
Cable or overhead lines
Worst fault location for thermal cable stress determined
Permissible thermal cable current according to standards

and line input values determined
Tripping time of protection devices considered
Permissible fault clearing time calculated
Radial and meshed networks
Network Reduction
This module is designed to reduce the size of a network model by replacing sets of buses and the network
elements (lines, transformers,...) that connect them with a smaller but exact, numerically equivalent network.
For a properly chosen set of buses, this equivalent network will have fewer buses and branches than the
original, yet still provide the correct response to faults or load flow calculations in the unreduced portion.
The network can be reduced for
symmetrical or asymmetrical short circuit calculations according to IEC909, IEC60909, ANSI/IEEE or

superposition method and
load flow calculation.
The reduced network gives the same short circuit or load flow results as the original network. Giving the
nodes to be reduced, the program determines the boundary nodes automatically.
Network Reduction
Input
-
any network as for short circuit or load flow calculation
nodes to be reduced during network reduction
functions to select a complete network area to be reduced are available
boundary nodes are determined automatically by the program
Output
-
shunt and series equivalents, which can be saved in the data base
the shunt and series equivalents consists of data for the positive, negative and zero system
dependent on the type of network reduction (load flow or short circuit)
for load flow network reduction boundary injections and boundary generators are calculated
NEPLAN Programming Library

1
Application: Transmission - Distribution Industrial - Generation
NPL - NEPLAN Programming Library

The NPL NEPLAN Programming Library is a
C/C++ API library, which includes functions to
access NEPLAN data and calculation algorithms
through a C/C++ user written program. Functions
included among others are:
-
Access any variable of any component
Change any variable of any component

Execute any analysis/calculation function
Retrieve the calculation results
Add new components to the network
Delete components from the network
Add and change the graphical
information (x, y coordinates, symbols,
etc.) of any component
NPL - Applications
Many customized applications are possible:
-
Implement NEPLAN with a NPL

application in a SmartGrid environment
Use NEPLAN in batch mode (e.g.
running several load flows and short
circuit calculations cases)
Build customized interfaces (e.g. GIS,
SCADA/DMS, DACF, CIM, etc.)
Develop a network master controller with
events (such as if u <90% switch on
reserve generator) and run the
application in a quasi stationary mode
Checking protection behavior under
various network conditions
Use NEPLAN as server and connect
NEPLAN to a TCP/IP bus. The client
may send any NPL command to the
NEPLAN server (e.g. run load flow, open
switch, change load, etc)
Use NEPLAN as On-line system and
build a DMS application using the
NEPLAN graphic editor and the analysis
tools
Researchers may even develop their
own calculation algorithms (e.g. OPF,
reliability, capacitor placement etc.)
.. and much, much more..
C/C++ API
developed
by the Customer
NPL Library
TCP/IP Bus
SmartGrid
Application
NEPLAN
working as
Server
NPL C++ Program example

//C ++ NPL Programm
void RunTestNPL()
{
//Open a NEPLAN project file
OpenNeplanProject(_T("NeplanDemoProject.nepprj"));
//run initial load flow
RunAnalysisLF();
//change the line length of line 'Line-1' to 0.5 km
unsigned long ElementID=0;
GetElementByName(_T("LINE"),_T("Line-1"), ElementID);
if (ElementID > 0)
SetParameterDouble(ElementID, _T("Length"), 0.5);
//run load flow with changed line length
RunAnalysisLF();
}
This colour means these are C++ NPL library functions
On-line DMS application: Optimal restorations after a fault
Load Flow with Load Profiles

1
Input Data
-
User-defined load and

generation profiles (day,
week, month and year
factors)
Unlimited number of profile

types for consumers and
generators (e.g. household,
industry, ...)
Import of measurement
data and load profiles
Calculations
-
Single load flow calculation (load forecast) and time

simulation
User-defined time increment
Combination of time intervals
Load balancing mode: loads are automatically

changed in the way that load flow results fit best to
measured values (behaviors)
Load Flow with Load Profiles

Results
-
Time behavior and value range charts
Characteristics of network, elements and nodes

(voltages, currents, loadings, power, MW losses,
energy losses,)
Any system quantities may be plotted, or

compared
Optimal Network Restoration Strategy

Application: Distribution
This module is designed to study the impact of single forced (e.g. fault on a line) or planned outages on the
electrical distribution system. It finds the optimal switching plan to restore electrical power to customers.
This module may be used for off-line application to pre-define strategies in case of outages or as on-line
application to help the network operator to find quickly the correct strategy after a fault has occurred.
The following objective functions are implemented:
Minimize network losses
Minimize the number of overloaded elements
Minimize the average loadings of the elements
Maximize the average voltage
Restoration Stages
Four stages in the restoration strategy will
be evaluated and may be stored in a fault
history database:
- Occurrence of the fault
- Isolation of the fault -> NEPLAN
shows the unsupplied customers
- Re-Supply of customers which are
affected by the fault -> NEPLAN
shows which customer are resupplied again
- Normalization of the network after the
repair of the fault
Optimal Restoration Strategy

Objective Function: Minimize Losses
All stages of the selected optimal

restoration plan with the new switch
positions will be graphically displayed on
the single line diagram
Close switch
(28/0 - 85/0)
Close switch
(85/1 - 31/0)
Open switch
(95/1 - 37/0)
DMS On-Line Application

Results with the new switch positions of
all re-supply stages, including all
objective functions are displayed as
spreadsheet tables or can be accessed
as text file for further evaluation (e.g. in
DMS applications)
All dialogs and restoration algorithms
are available trough a C++ API, the NPL
- NEPLAN Programming Library. With
NPL NEPLAN data and functions can be
accessed with a user written C++
program. This allows building up
customized restoration strategies for
network operators.
More information and free DEMO at
www.neplan.ch
Feeder Reinforcement
Economic cable dimensioning

-
Selection of most economic cable cross section

from a predefined cable library over a given planning
period and load states in distribution networks
Conditions are cable overloads and over-/under-voltages
Optimization in respect of losses or voltage drop
Load condition given as load profiles or load state

after planning period
Load utilization time is calculated or given as input value
Library with cable material costs
Five different types for installation costs
Reinforcement can be done for all feeders or feeder-wise
Results
Assessment of Network Disturbances

This module is used for the assessment of the network disturbances according to the D-A-CH-CZ technical
rules, which has been released by the utility associations
- VDN Verband der Netzbetreiber in Germany,
- VSE Verband Schweizerischer Elektrizittsunternehmen in Switzerland,
- VE Verband der Elektrizittsunternehmen in Austria and
- CSRES Ceske sdruzeni rozvodnych Energetickych Spolecnosti in Czeck Republik.
Due to the increased employment of power electronics and the thereby associated rise in nonlinear
consumers at all network levels, disturbances on the networks occur at an increasing rate,
which can make themselves noticeable by undesired changes in
- the level
- the waveform
of the mains voltage. As a consequence of this, other electrical devices and plants connected to
the network can be disturbed through interference. One differentiates between:
- Functional failures
- Malfunctions
- Direct or indirect damage including possible consequential damage.
The possible disturbances are dependent on the amplitude, the frequency and the duration of the
network disturbances, as well as the degree of spread of certain types of devices. In addition, the
simultaneity factor of the electrical devices and plants, that in operation cause network
disturbances, is to be taken into account.
The disturbances on the network itself can manifest themselves e.g. in the following manner:
- Deterioration of the power factor (increase in the transmission losses and reduction in the
efficiency)
- Insufficient ground-fault compensation.
It is in the interest of all
- to ensure the adherence to a balance between additional emitted disturbances in the network and
the protection of other electrical devices and plants connected to the network.
- to meet the significantly increased quality demands of modern devices and processes despite the
rising pressure of costs.
- to maintain the existing high level of quality in the face of the changing generation structures and the
additional requirements on the networks resulting therefrom.
For this reason, the network operators must have the possibility of keeping the network
disturbances caused by the electrical devices and generating stations connected to their networks
and their consequences within tolerable limits, even under changing framework conditions.
For the purpose of an appropriate distribution of the resulting responsibility, for this the following
fields of action come into consideration:
- suitable design and operative measures in the networks, under consideration of the objective quality
requirements and the economic justification.
- an adapted setting of limiting values for requirements on electrical devices and equipment in the
relevant EMC-standards as well as their observance.
- if necessary, the imposed duty to undertake corrective measures to reduce network disturbances
This method of procedure is supported by several statutory regulations at European or individual member
state level.
Assessment of Network Disturbances

Input values
-
Installation can be a motor, welding

machine, converter drive motor, wind power
plant, photo voltaic plant, biogas plant, small
water plant, hybrid electric vehicles, etc.
Network connection point
Type of connection: 3-phase, 2-phase, 1phase connection
Apparent power of the installation

(equipment or plant). Maximum power
change.
Power consumer or generator.
Cos(phi) of the power or current change
Repeat rate of power or current change per

minutes
Temporary return feed possible.
Assignment to harmonic group
Assessment criteria
-
Voltage change
Voltage rise
Flicker
Harmonics
Voltage unbalance
Measurements
Data for the reactive power compensation
Results
-
Connection permissible or only with

measurements
Maximum voltage change or rise
Short- and long-term flicker intensity

Pst, Plt
Total harmonic load
Allowed harmonic current/voltage limits,

comparison with measured I/U-harmonics
Evaluation of voltage unbalance
Maximum impedance for minimum absorption effect

for compensation (ripple control systems)
Low Voltage Analysis

Characteristics
-
Calculation of the voltage drop and cable loadings with variable simultaneity factor
for consumer types.
Simultaneity factor is dependent on the number of loads of the same type

in a feeder or line.
Pre-defined consumer types are: household, warm water treatment, continues-flow

water heater, storage warm water treatment, night heat storage.
Consumer types and their characteristic can be defined by the user.
Calculation of the minimum 3-phase and 1-phase short circuit.
Checks the breaking condition
Checks of the selectivity of fuses
Results
Phase Swapping
Characteristics
-
Phase Swapping allows to reduce the

unbalance in the phases by re-phasing
single/two phase loads and lines
Re-phasing can be done to:

1. Minimize the kW losses,
2. Minimize kVA Unbalance (apparent power),
3. Minimize A Unbalance (current).
Max. number of swapping can be defined
Re-phasing works feeder-oriented
Shows the unbalance and losses before and

after re-phasing
Manual re-phasing can be done
Single-phase load flow can directly be started

from Feeder Management
Results
Optimization in Distribution Networks

1
Goal
Minimization of MW losses and improve voltage levels
with the following optimization criteria (all optional):
-
Optimal separation points (least loss switch

configuration)
Optimal compounding for transformers
Optimal power factors of disperse generators
Optimal set voltage for on-load transformers
Optimal LV/MV-transformer tap setting
For normal operation and N-1 operation
Limits
-
Voltage limits at MV and LV-side (user-defined)
Thermal limits of the cables and transformers
Load situation
-
Load range defined by a maximum and minimum with

scaling factors and load data import
User defines loads and disperse generators to be scaled
before
after
Optimal Capacitor Placement

Identifies key locations in radial primary feeders, where
the placement of shunt capacitors minimizes the MW losses.
Results are:
-
the bus of the primary feeder, where a shunt

capacitor would be located,
the MVAR size of the capacitor, and
the additional reduction in MW losses (in %).
Asset Management
NEPLAN Maintenance (Reliability Centered Maintenance)

A good overview over different maintenance strategies and the NEPLAN-Maintenance
philosophy can be found on this web-site:
www.neplan.ch/downloads/public/NEPLAN-Maintenance-Strategies_e.pdf
The main features of the NEPLAN-Maintenance module are:

-
Available sub-modules are:

o HV Components
o HV AIS Substations
o HV GIS Substations
o HV/MV Overhead line
o MV Substations
o MV Local Substations
o MV Cables
Data can be stored in any database (e.g. Oracle, MS-Access, SQL Server etc.)
Allows easy integration to existing ERP systems (e.g. SAP)
Assessment criterion can be added or changed by the user
Allows quickly to assess the conditions of the components
Different charts give a useful overview over the overall conditions of the
components
A budgeting evaluation tools is available, which calculates the costs for the
following maintenance strategies:
o TBM Estimation (estimated time based maintenance)
o TBM (time based maintenance)
o CBM (condition based maintenance)
o RCM (reliability based maintenance)
Integrates smoothly with our famous NEPLAN-Reliability module
Can be excellently used a for reinvestment strategies
Asset Management
Component Assessment in NEPLAN-Maintenance

The picture below shows on the left side the assessment sheet of the current component.
The diagram shows all condition (y-axes) and all importance (x-axes) of all components (in
this case circuit breakers). The actual circuit breaker to assess is colored differently. The
user can define any filter to reduce the amount of displayed components.
The condition of each component can easily be assessed with the freely configurable
assessment sheets.
Asset Management
Budgeting Evaluation Tool in NEPLAN-Maintenance

In NEPLAN-Maintenance a budgeting tool is included, which allows evaluating the costs of
the different maintenance strategies:
o TBM Estimation (estimated time based maintenance)
o TBM (time based maintenance)
o CBM (condition based maintenance)
o RCM (reliability based maintenance)
At your fingertips: budgeting evaluation of RCM and TBM can be easily compared
Asset Management
Chart Evaluation Tool in NEPLAN-Maintenance

The integrated chart manager shows for example the influence of each criterion to the
overall conditions of all components. Each criterion can be assigned to a cluster (e.g.
operating condition, component type, etc.). NEPLAN allows evaluating the overall
conditions according to these clusters.
This chart shows the influence of

different clusters to the overall
conditions of all components.
It shows for example the effect
of all criterions which belong to
the Operating Conditions cluster
compared to the other effects
of the other clusters.
Asset Management
5
Integration with NEPLAN-Reliability Module

The NEPLAN-Maintenance module can make use of the calculated results of our famous
NEPLAN-Reliability module. The NEPLAN-Maintenance module integrates smoothly to the
NEPLAN single line diagram. The conditions C, importance I and the distances D (function
of condition and importance, D = f(C, I)) can be displayed on the single line diagram. The
coloring according to C, I and D shows very quickly which components must be replaced
or maintained first.
The NEPLAN-Maintenance module is at the moment the only RCM module on the
market, which integrates, with a robust network reliability module.
RCM Condition C
x >=
0.0000
x >=
40.00
x >=
60.00
DORF-LS1
I=0.357
C=66.0
D=46.9
Itot=0.001
DORF-LS2
I=0.371
C=11.0
D=8.0
Itot=0.001
DORF-LS3
I=1.627
C=5.0
D=4.7
Itot=0.006
DORF-LS4
I=1.695
C=14.0
D=11.1
Itot=0.006
Result displayed at the circuit breakers

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Power System Analysis Software

Successfully applied all over the world

Modules for Distribution

NEPLAN one of the most complete planning, optimization

Reliable Efficient User-friendly

Graphical User Interface and Data Management

Most intuitive Graphical User Interface

Multi-document and multi-window system

There is no restriction on drawing sizes and number of nodes and elements.

Interfaces to external programs (e.g. measured data) can be implemented.

Import of a geographic map as a background graphic, for easier schematic capturing.

All computation modules access a shared database.

Multi-lingual Graphical User Interface.

Graphical User Interface and Data Management

Application: Transmission Distribution Industrial - Generation

Non-redundant storage and management of

For each network, you can select

* any desired switch states (topology file)

* any desired loading states (loading file)

For each network you can define and store

Variants can be compared, merged and

The diagrams of different projects and

Results from two different variants can be

Results of two variants can be compared in

Multi-Diagram and Multi-LayerTechnique

A network can be entered in several different

Each diagram can have any number of graphic

Zooming into stations: in the overview diagram,

Topological linkage of elements over more

All diagrams will be considered for various

One element can have more than one

OLE copy/paste graphic data from and to MS-Word

Graphical User Interface and Data Management

Application: Transmission Distribution Industrial - Generation

Auxiliary graphics can be used for

Input of lines, rectangles, ellipses, arcs,

Input of user text with selectable character

Color for background, foreground, line,

Functions available for rendering overlapped

Network Diagram Coloring

Colors and line types can be freely selected.

Elements overloaded after a load flow or

Isolated elements can be highlighted.

Coloring options to distinguish userselectable network areas, zones, feeders,

Differences to the parent variant or the root

Each element can be colored individually.

User defined graphic layers can be colored.

Coloring according to ranges. Many

Results in tables and graphic charts, flow

Graphical User Interface and Data Management

Application: Transmission Distribution Industrial - Generation

The user can create and define

Any number of different

All symbols will be displayed

On the diagram the symbols

SQL Database Connection

All element data can be imported and

SQL database includes all network