App5 EC2 Design

midas Gen Tutorial
Eurocode Design of Multi-story

Fundamentals
RC Building
Eurocode Design of a Multi-story

RC Building
Part I EC2 in Gen
Part II Model & Design Parameters
Part III ULS Member Design

Part IV ULS Member Checks
Part V SLS Member Checks
MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.

Fundamentals
RC Building
midas Gen Tutorial
Eurocode Design of Reinforced Concrete Building

as per EN 1992-1-1: 2004
Overview
Eurocode Design of
Reinforced Concrete Building
Model
- 6-story Reinforced Concrete
Building
- Element: Wall, Beam

Load & Boundary Condition
- Self Weight
- Floor Loads
- Wind Loads
- Seismic Loads
- Supports
Analysis
- Linear Static Analysis
Program Version
Revision Date
Gen 2015 (v1.1)

05 Nov 2014
midas Gen Tutorial

Fundamentals
RC Building
Reinforced Concrete Design Features in midas Gen
Gen provides automatic design for beam, column and shear wall.
Section checking with the given data.
Ultimate limit state and Serviceability limit state design and/or checking.
Default load combinations as per Eurocode 2.
Static wind loads as per Eurocode 1-4: 2005
Static seismic loads and response spectrum function as per Eurocode 8-1: 2004
Capacity design as per Eurocode 8-1 can be applied by checking on Apply EC8:04
Capacity Design option in Concrete Design Code dialog box.
Available Section shapes
Column: Rectangle, Circular, Hollow circular

Wall: Rectangle
Beam: Rectangle, T-shape
Note:
Torsion should be checked by the user.
For meshed slab and wall design, we can use Meshed Slab/Wall Design function.
midas Gen Tutorial

Fundamentals
RC Building
Ultimate Limit State (ULS) Design

(1) Bending without axial force
Assuming Kand K have been determined:
where:
K M / bd 2 fck
K 0.598 0.18 2 0.21
where:
10 = Moment Redistribution Ratio(Factor)
If K K (singly reinforced)
As1 M / f yd z
where:
As1is area of compression steel (in layer 1).
f yd f yk / s
z d[0.5 0.5(1 3.53K )0.5 ] 0.95d
midas Gen Tutorial

Fundamentals
RC Building
If K K (Doubly Reinforced)
As 2 (M M ) / f sc (d d2 )
where:
As 2 is area of compression steel (in layer 2).
M K bd 2 f ck
f sc 700( xu d 2 ) / xu
f sc f yd
where:
d 2 is effective depth to compression steel.

xu ( 0.4)d
As1 M / f yd z As 2 f sc / f yd
For Minimum and Maximum Required Rebar Area
As ,min 0.26( fctm / f yk )bt d 0.0013bt d
midas Gen Tutorial

Fundamentals
RC Building
(2) Bending with axial force

Slenderness Ratio
Second order effects may be ignored if the slenderness is below a certain value lim.
l0 / i
lim 20 A B C / n
Design Bending moment
M Ed max[M 0 Ed M 2 , M 02 , M 01 0.5M 2 ]
where:
M Ed is design moment.
M 0 Ed is equivalent first order moment including the effect of imperfection(at about mid
height) and may be taken as = M 0e.
where:
M 0e (0.6M 02 0.4M 01 ) 0.4M 02
M 02 , M 01
is first order end moments at ULS including allowances for imperfections.

M 2 N Ed e2 ; nominal second order moment in slender column
M 02 M 01
midas Gen Tutorial

Fundamentals
RC Building
Capacity - Axial force and uni-axial bending moment

The combinations of and that cause failure of a given column section are illustrated by an
interaction diagram as shown below.

Fundamentals
RC Building
midas Gen Tutorial
Pure compression, point
Po fcd ( Ag Ast ) Ast f yd

Buckling failure is not considered.
Pure tension, point
Po Ast f yd
Balanced failure, point
The load and moment at balanced failure, Pb and M b, can be calculated by substituting f s f yd
and b into the above equations.
b
Where,
0.003Es
d
f yd 0.003Es
=0.8
=0.8-(fck-50)/400
=0.7
for fck 50MPa

for 50 < fck 90MPa
for fck > 90MPa

Fundamentals
RC Building
midas Gen Tutorial
For symmetrically reinforced members, the loads and moments at the points ~ may be
calculated by the formula below.
Pu fcd xb As f s As f s
'
'
h
h
h
M u f cd xb( 0.5 x) As' f s' ( d ' ) As f s (d )
2
2
2
midas Gen Tutorial

Fundamentals
RC Building
(3) Shear
Shear resistance of a member with shear reinforcement is equal to:
VRd VRd , s
In regions of the member where VEd VRd,c no calculated shear reinforcement is necessary.
In regions where VEd > VRd,c sufficient shear reinforcement should be provided in order that
VEd VRd.
Members not requiring design shear reinforcement
VRd ,c [CRd ,c k (1001 fck )1/ 3 k1 cp ]bwd

With a minimum of
VRd ,c (vmin k1 cp )bwd
Members requiring design shear reinforcement

The shear resistance, VRd is the smaller value of:
VRd ,s ( Asw / s) zf ywd cot

and
VRd ,max cwbw z1 fcd /(cot tan )
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Fundamentals
RC Building
Serviceability Limit States (SLS) Design

(1) Stress Limitation
The compressive stress shall be limited to a value k1fck in order to avoid longitudinal cracks
under the characteristic combination of loads. A value of K1 can be defined by the user and
default value is 0.6.
If the stress in the concrete under the quasi-permanent loads is less than k2fck, linear creep may
be assumed. If the stress in concrete exceeds k2fck, non-linear creep should be considered. A
value of K2 can be defined by the user and default value is 0.45.
Unacceptable cracking or deformation may be assumed to be avoided if, under the
characteristic combination of loads, the tensile stress in the reinforcement does not exceed k3fyk.
A value of K3 can be defined by the user and default value is 0.8.
Where the stress is caused by an imposed deformation, the tensile stress should not exceed k4fyk.
A value of K4 can be defined by the user and default value is 1.0.
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(2) Crack Control

A limiting calculated crack width, wmax, taking into account the proposed function and nature of the
structure and the costs of limiting cracking, should be established.
(3) Deflection Control

The appearance and general utility of the structure could be impaired when the calculated sag of a
beam, slab or cantilever subjected to quasi-permanent loads exceeds span/250.
For the deflection subjected to characteristic loads can be checked by user defined limit. Default
limit is Span/250.
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Fundamentals
RC Building
Beam detailing
The following data are required to be input for Beam design:
Beam section size (b, h)
Cover to rebar center default minmax h 10,63.5mm,76.2mm
Bar size
Main rebar: Up to 5 sizes simultaneously selected, which GEN will use
to find the most appropriate.
Stirrup/Link: One size can be selected.
P5, P6, P7, P8, P9, P10, P11, P12, P13, P16, P20, P25, P32, and P40 are
available.
Arrangement (= Number of legs of the transverse or shear reinforcement)

Only one case can be selected among the numbers from 2 to 20.
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midas Gen Tutorial
Beam detailing
The following conditions are applied to Beam design:
Maximum rebar ratio of main rebar, EN 1992-1-1 9.2.1.1
As , max 0.04 Ac
Minimum rebar ratio of main rebar, EN 1992-1-1 9.2.1.1
Minimum spacing (= clear distance) of bars, EN 1992-1-1 8.2
Maximum stirrup spacing, EN 1992-1-1 9.2.2
As ,min max 0.26 f ctm f yk bt d ,0.0013bt d

max Dbar , d g 5mm,20mm
Smax min Asw bw w, min ,0.75d 1 cot
14
w, min 0.08 fck f yk
midas Gen Tutorial

Fundamentals
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Beam detailing
The following are the Design results provided by Gen:
Main rebar
Required rebar area satisfying minimum bar spacing
Number of bars at top and bottom satisfying minimum bar spacing
Capacity ratio at I-end, middle, and J-end of beam member
Up to two layers of rebar can be designed
Stirrups/Links
Required rebar area per unit length
Spacing of stirrups
Capacity ratio at I-end, middle, and J-end of beam member
Check for crushing of compression struts
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midas Gen Tutorial

Fundamentals
RC Building
Column detailing
The following data are required to be input for Column design:
Column section size (b, h)
Cover to rebar center default minmax h 10,63.5mm,76.2mm
Bar size
Main rebar: Up to 5 sizes simultaneously selected, among which GEN
will find the most appropriate.
Tie/Spiral: One size can be selected.
available.
Arrangement (= Number of legs of the transverse reinforcement)

Different number of legs can be applied in the y and z direction.
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Column detailing
The following conditions are applied to Column design:
Maximum rebar ratio of main rebar, EN 1992-1-1 9.5.2
As , max 0.03 Ac , which can be modified.
Minimum rebar ratio of main rebar, EN 1992-1-1 9.5.2
Minimum spacing (clear distance) of bars, EN 1992-1-1 8.2
max Dbar , d g 5mm,20mm

Maximum stirrup spacing, EN 1992-1-1 9.5.3 & 9.2.2
As , min max 0.10 N ED f yd ,0.002 Ac
Scl ,t max min20Dbar, b, h,400mm, Asw bw w, min w, min 0.08 f ck f yk

The maximum spacing is reduced by a factor 0.6 at the i and j-end
of the column.
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RC Building
Column detailing
The following are the design results provided by Gen:
Main rebar
Number of bars satisfying minimum bar spacing
Capacity ratio for the most critical part among I-end, middle, and J-end
of column member
Biaxial P-M interaction diagram

Note. Two layers of rebar or bundle bars are not applicable.
Stirrup/Links

Spacing of ties/spirals
Capacity ratio for the most critical part of column member (I-end,
middle, and J-end)
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RC Building
Shear Wall detailing

The following data are required to be input for Shear Wall design:
Wall section size (L, h)
Cover to rebar center default 50.8mm
Bar size
Vertical rebar: Up to 5 sizes simultaneously selected, among which GEN
will find the most appropriate.
End rebar: One size can be selected, then program will find the most
appropriate, greater than or equal to the one selected.
Horizontal rebar: One size can be selected.
available.
Spacing of vertical rebar
Select as many spacings as you want program to try
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Spacing of horizontal rebar
Design method
midas Gen Tutorial

Fundamentals
RC Building

The following conditions are applied to Shear Wall design:
Maximum rebar ratio of vertical rebar, EN 1992-1-1 9.6.2
As ,max 0.04 Ac , which can be modified.
Minimum rebar ratio of vertical rebar, EN 1992-1-1 9.6.2
As , min 0.002 Ac
20
Maximum spacing of horizontal rebars, EN 1992-1-1 9.6.3

Smax min 2 As ,v v, min h,400mm v, min max 0.25 As ,v Ac ,0.001
midas Gen Tutorial

Fundamentals
RC Building

Followings are the design results provided by Gen:
Vertical rebar
Spacing of vertical rebar
Capacity ratio for the most critical part among top and bottom of wall
Uniaxial P-M interaction diagram
Horizontal
Spacing of horizontal rebar
Capacity ratio for the most critical part among top and bottom of wall
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PART II - Contents
The Model File
Performing the Analysis
Design Parameters
ULS Design
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Typical Floor Plan

9000 mm
9000 mm
9000 mm
5100 mm 5100 mm
7200 mm
5100 mm 5100 mm
9000 mm
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RC Building
5000 mm
4500 nm
4500 nm
4000 mm 4000 mm 4000 mm
Typical Sectional Elevation
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Fundamentals
RC Building
midas Gen Tutorial
Opening the Pre-generated Model File

1. File > Open Project
2. Select EC2 Design.
3. Click [Open] button.
This tutorial is intended to illustrate

design procedure as per Eurocode2.
Therefore, the geometry creation, boundary
assignment, load application will be skipped.
For the aforementioned, refer to Seismic
Design for RC Building tutorial.
3
In this tutorial, slab is not included in the

model and considered as a rigid diaphragm.
Analysis
1. Analysis > Perform Analysis
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Parameters for ULS Design
Load Combinations
Design Code
Sway Frame Definitions
Member Assignment
Live Load Reduction Factor Modifications
Unbraced Lengths (L, Lb)
Partial Safety Factors

Concrete and Rebar Properties
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midas Gen Tutorial
Load Combinations
1. Results > Combination > Load Combination
2. Click on Concrete Design tab.
3. Click [Auto Generation] button.
5
6
4. Option: Add
5. Code Selection: Concrete
6. Design Code: Eurocode2:04
National Annex: Recommended

7. Click [OK] Button.
8. Click [Close] Button.
2
The program
automatically creates
design load
combinations which
can be also modified or
deleted by the user.
3
8
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Design Code
2
1. Design > Design > RC Design > Design

Code
2. Design Code: Eurocode2:04
National Annex: Recommended
3. Click [OK] button.
Sway Frame Definitions
1. Design > General > General Design

Parameter > Definition of Frame
2. X-Direction of Frame: Braced | Non-sway
3. Y-Direction of Frame: Braced | Non-sway
4. Design Type: 3-D

3
5. Check off Auto Calculate Effective Length

Factors.
5
6
28
In the non-sway frame, applying 1 for the

effective length factor will give conservative
results.

Fundamentals
RC Building
midas Gen Tutorial
Member Assignment
1. Design > General > General Design
Parameter > Member Assignment
2. Assign Type: Automatic
3. Selection Type: All
4. Click [Apply] button.

5. Click [Close] button.
A single Member can be

assigned when the member
is consisted of a number of
beam elements.
4
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Fundamentals
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midas Gen Tutorial
Live Load Reduction Factors (1)

1. Design > General > General
Design Parameter > Modify Live
Load Reduction Factor
2. Option: Add/Replace
1 3. Reduction Factor: 0.82
4. Applied Components: All Forces
5. View > Select > Identity

6. Select Type: Story
7. Select 1F
8. Click [Add] button.
10

1. Reduction factor for 1st floor
columns and walls.
6
2 n 2 0
0.82
n
n5
0 0.7
EN 1991-1-1 6.3.1.2 (11)

9
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midas Gen Tutorial

2

7. Select 2F.
12
9. Select Floor.
10. Click [Delete] button.

1. Reduction factor for 2nd floor

columns and walls.
10
n
9
n4
11
31
2 n 2 0
0.85
n
0 0.7

Fundamentals
RC Building
midas Gen Tutorial

2

7. Select 3F.
12
9. Select Floor.
10. Click [Delete] button.

1. Reduction factor for 3rd floor

columns and walls.
8
10
n
9
n3
11
32
2 n 2 0
0.9
n
0 0.7
midas Gen Tutorial

Fundamentals
RC Building
Unbraced Lengths (L, Lb)

1. Design > General > General Design Parameter >
Unbraced Length(L, Lb)
1
1. If 0 is entered for Ly and Lz,

unbraced lengths will be calculated by the
program based on the nodal coordinates of
the beam elements.
3. Unbraced Length Ly: 0 mm

4. Lz: 0 mm
5. Laterally Unbraced Length: Check on Do not consider.
6. View > Select > Select All

3, 4
7
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Partial Safety Factors
1. Design > Design > RC Design > Partial Safety

Factors for Material Properties
2. Click [Update By Code] button.
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Concrete and Rebar Properties

1. Design > Design > RC Design > Modify
Concrete Materials
2. Select C30/37 from Material List.
3. Rebar Selection Code: EN04(RC)

4. Grade of Main Rebar: Class B
5. Grade of Sub-Rebar: Class A
6. Click [Modify] button.
3
4, 5
6
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Design Criteria for Rebar (1)

1. Tools > Setting > Preferences
2. Click on Design.
3. Concrete Design Code: Eurocode2:04
4. Rebar Material Code: EN04(RC)
3
2
4
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Design Criteria for Rebar (2) Beam Design

7
11
10
6. Design > Design > RC Design > Design Criteria for

Rebar
7. For Beam Design Main Rebar: click [Rebar] button.
8. Select P20 and P25.
12
13

10. Stirrups: P10, Side Bar: P12
11. Arrangement: 2
12. dT: 55 mm, dB: 55 mm
13. Option of Spliced Bars: None
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Design Criteria for Rebar (3) Column Design

14. For Column Design Main Rebar: click
[Rebar] button.
15. Select P25 and P32.
17. Ties/Spirals: P10
18. Arrangement: X: 2, Z: 2
14
19. do: 55mm

20. Option of Spliced Bars: None
17
18
19
20
15
16
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Design Criteria for Rebar (4) Wall Design

21. For Shear Wall Design Vertical Rebar: click
[Rebar] button.
22. Select P13 and Click [OK] button.
23. Horizontal Rebar: P13, End Rebar From: P10
24. de: 45 mm, dw: 45 mm

25. Click [Input Additional Wall Data] button.
26. End Rebar Design Method: Method-1
26
21
23
24
25
28
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ULS Design
Concrete Beam Design

1 Section
for Design
Concrete Column Design

Concrete Wall Design
1. The Section for Design function provides Member
design of concrete sections based on the section data defined
by the user. It allows you to find the appropriate section
without re-analysis.
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1. Design > Design > RC Design > Concrete Code

Design > Beam Design
Concrete Beam Design (1)
2. Sorted by: Member

3. Click
to expand the dialog box.
4. SEL: select MEMB 1.
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RC Building

5. Click [Graphic] button.
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6. Click [Detail] button.
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7. Click [Summary] button.
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Section for Design (1)

2. Sorted by: Property
Red N means that negative moment is larger than the

resistance for the given section .
Red P means that the positive moment is larger than the
resistance for the given section.
Red V means that the shear force is larger than the
resistance for the given section.
1
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3. Design > Section for Design
4. Select 422 WG2 section.

5
5. Click [Modify] button.

6. Change H from 0.8m to 0.85m.

8
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midas Gen Tutorial

9. SEL: select SECT 422.
10. Click [Re-calculation] button.
1. Check results of Section

422 WG2 change to OK.
10
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Concrete Column Design (1)

Design > Column Design
3. Click
4. SEL: select MEMB 41.
1. As with Beam we may check [Graphic], [Detail] &

[Summary] results.
5
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Concrete Column Design (2)

5. Click [Draw PM Curve] button.
6
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Concrete Wall Design (1)

Design > Wall Design
2. Sorted by: Wall ID + story
3. Click
4. SEL: select WID 1 Story 1F.
2
50
1. As with Beam we may check [Detail] &

[Summary] results.
2. As with Column we may Draw PM Curve.

midas Gen Tutorial

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Concrete Wall Design (2)

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Manually Entering Rebar and ULS Checking
Enter Rebar Data using Design > Design > RC Design > Modify
Beam/Column/Wall Section Data or Design > Design > RC
Design > Concrete Code Design > Beam/Column/Wall Design >
1
[Update Rebar] button
1. In this tutorial, Modify Beam Section Data will only be illustrated. In the same manner, Column and Wall
Section Data can also be defined.
1. Rebar will be MANUALLY entered using Design > Design > RC Design > Modify Beam/Column/Wall
Section Data
1. Rebar can be AUTOMATICALLY entered using Design > Design > RC Design > Concrete Code Design >
Beam/Column/Wall Design > [Update Rebar] button (this is illustrated later).
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Modify Beam Section Data (1)

1. Design > Design > RC Design > Modify Beam Section Data
2. SECT: check on ID 412.
2
3.Uncheck Same Main Rebar Size at Top and Bottom and

Same Main Rebar Size At I,M and J .
4. For Main Rebar at End(I)
5. For Top Rebar: in front of Top and 1 : 4 P25
6. Bottom Rebar: In front of Bot and 1 :2 P20
7. For Main Rebar at Center

5
8
11
8. For Top Rebar: in front of Top and 1 : 2 P20

10.For Main Rebar at Center
12
11.For Top Rebar: in front of Top and 1 : 4 P25

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Modify Beam Section Data (2)

13. Stirrup in End(I)
14. Arrangement: 2
15. Stirrups Space: 100 mm
16. Stirrup in Center
17. Arrangement: 2
19. Stirrup in End(J)
20. Arrangement: 2
22.Stirrup: P10
22
14
15
17
18 20
21
23. dT, dB : 0.055m,0.055m

24. Click [Add/Replace] Button
23
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ULS Beam Member Code Check

1 6-1. Beam Code Checking
1. In this tutorial, only Beam Code Checking will be

illustrated. In the same manner, Column/Wall Code
Checking can be performed.
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1. Design > Design > RC Design > Concrete Code Check >
Beam Checking
Beam Code Checking (1)
3. Results: Strength
4. Click
5. SEL: MEMB 11
9
4
7
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7. Option for Detail Print Position: check on End I. Mid. End J..
8. Click [Detail] button
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Parameters for SLS Checking
Concrete long-term and short-term Modulus of elasticity

Serviceability Load Combination
Enter Rebar Data using Design > Design > RC Design > Modify Beam
Section Data or Design > Design > RC Design > Concrete Code
1
Design > Beam Design > [Update Rebar] button
Serviceability Limit Control Parameters
1. For serviceability check, entering rebar data is required.
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Short/Long Term Elasticity Ratio

1. Design > Design > RC Design > Modify
Concrete Materials
2. Select C30/37 from Material List.
3. Click
button.

3
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Serviceability Load Combination Type

1. Design > General > General Design Parameter >
Serviceability Load Combination Type
Once the load combinations are generated using

Auto Generation as per Eurocode2 as in Step 3-1,
the program automatically assigns the Quasipermanent, Frequent and Characteristic load
combinations.
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Automatic Rebar Input

2. SEL: click [Select All] button.
1 3. Click [Update Rebar] button.

1. By clicking [Update Rebar] button, the rebars
designed in this dialog box will be automatically
entered into the selected sections.
3
4
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View Rebar Data on Section

1 1. Design > Design > RC Design > Modify Beam
Rebar Data
2. SEL: check on ID 413.
1. In this page, check the Rebar Data entered

using [Update Rebar] in the previous page.
2. In signifies that Rebar are placed.
3. The entered Rebar Data are displayed.

3
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Enter Serviceability Limit Control Parameters

1. Design > Concrete Design Parameter >
Serviceability Parameters
3. Selection Type: By Selection

3
4. Exposure Class: XD1
11
13
5. Stress Parameters- k1: 0.6, k2: 0.45, k3: 0.8, k4: 1
12
6. Quasi-permanent Limit: 0.3 mm

5
7. Quasi-permanent Deflection Ctrl: L/250

8. Characteristic Deflection Control Limit: L/250
14
9. Deflection Amplification Factor: 1

11. Select Type: Section
12. Select 411: G1, 412: G2, 413: G3, 414:
G4, 415: B1, 421: WG1, 422: WG2
13. Click [Add] Button.

7
14. Click [Close] Button.

15. Click [Apply] Button.
8
9
15
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SLS Checks
1 Serviceability
Checking for Concrete Beam
1. Serviceability check is provided for Beam members for the following limit states.
- Stress limitation
- Crack control
- Deflection control
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Serviceability Checking (1)
1. Design > Design > RC Design > Concrete Code Check >
Beam Checking
3. Results: Serviceability
4. Click
5. SEL: select MEMB 1
7
6
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7. Click [Detail] button.
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midas Gen Tutorial

Eurocode Design of Multi-story

Eurocode Design of a Multi-story

Part III ULS Member Design

MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.

Eurocode Design of Multi-story

midas Gen Tutorial

Eurocode Design of Reinforced Concrete Building

- Element: Wall, Beam

Gen 2015 (v1.1)

MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.

midas Gen Tutorial

Eurocode Design of Multi-story

Reinforced Concrete Design Features in midas Gen

Section checking with the given data.

Default load combinations as per Eurocode 2.

Static wind loads as per Eurocode 1-4: 2005

Available Section shapes

Column: Rectangle, Circular, Hollow circular

MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.

midas Gen Tutorial

Eurocode Design of Multi-story

Ultimate Limit State (ULS) Design

MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.

midas Gen Tutorial

Eurocode Design of Multi-story

d 2 is effective depth to compression steel.

For Minimum and Maximum Required Rebar Area

As ,min 0.26( fctm / f yk )bt d 0.0013bt d

MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.

midas Gen Tutorial

Eurocode Design of Multi-story

(2) Bending with axial force

is first order end moments at ULS including allowances for imperfections.

MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.

midas Gen Tutorial

Eurocode Design of Multi-story

Capacity - Axial force and uni-axial bending moment

MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.

Eurocode Design of Multi-story

midas Gen Tutorial

Pure compression, point

Po fcd ( Ag Ast ) Ast f yd

for fck 50MPa

MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.

Eurocode Design of Multi-story

midas Gen Tutorial

MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.

midas Gen Tutorial

Eurocode Design of Multi-story

VRd ,c [CRd ,c k (1001 fck )1/ 3 k1 cp ]bwd

Members requiring design shear reinforcement

VRd ,s ( Asw / s) zf ywd cot

VRd ,max cwbw z1 fcd /(cot tan )

MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.

midas Gen Tutorial

Eurocode Design of Multi-story

Serviceability Limit States (SLS) Design

MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.