Australia Australia
Australia Australia
Australia Australia
like Banjo Paterson, Henry Lawson and Dorothea Mackellar. The World Wars profoundly altered
Australia's sense of identity, with World War I introducing the ANZAC legend, and World War II
seeing a reorientation from Britain to the United States as the nation's foremost major ally. After
the second war, 6.5 million migrants from 200 nations brought immense new diversity, and
Australians grew increasingly aware of their proximity to Asia. Over time, the diverse food,
lifestyle and cultural practices of immigrants have been absorbed into mainstream Australian
culture.
Egalitarianism, informality and an irreverent sense of humour have been common themes of
cultural commentary, exemplified by the works of C. J. Dennis, Barry Humphries and Paul
Hogan. Fascination with the outback has persisted in the arts in Australia.
Major cities host internationally renowned cultural institutions as the Sydney Opera House and
the National Gallery of Australia. Australia has contributed many artists to music and film
internationally, from hard rock's AC/DC to opera's Nellie Melba and Joan Sutherland, as well as
Hollywood actors Geoffrey Rush, Nicole Kidman and Errol Flynn, and designer Catherine
Martin. Australians also participate in a wide variety of sports, including Australian rules
football and a vibrant surf culture.
The arts in Australiafilm, music, painting, theatre, dance and craftshave achieved
international recognition. While much of Australia's cultural output has traditionally tended to fit
with general trends and styles in Western arts, the arts as practiced by indigenous Australians
represent a unique Australian cultural tradition, and Australia's landscape and history have
contributed to some unique variations in the styles inherited by Australia's various migrant
communities.
Australia has no official language, but is largely monolingual with English being the de
facto national language. Australian English has a distinctive accent and vocabulary. According to
the 2011 census, 76.8% of people spoke only English at home. Other languages spoken at home
included Mandarin 1.6%, Italian 1.4%, Arabic 1.3%, Cantonese 1.2% and Greek 1.2%.
A considerable proportion of first- and second-generation migrants are bilingual. It is believed
that there were almost 400 Australian Aboriginal languages at the time of first European contact.
Only about 70 of these languages have survived and all but 30 of these are now endangered. An
indigenous language remains the main language for about 50,000 (0.25%) people. Australia has a
sign language known as Auslan, which is the main language of about 6,500 deaf people.
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