Janggi

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Before play begins, the players have the option of changing the positions of
the bishops and knights. The first player, if he chooses, may place the bishop in
the knights place, and the knight in the bishops place, on his left side, on his right
side, or on both sides. The second player then has the same choices of bishop and
knight placement. Each player must maintain one bishop and one knight on each
side of his line-up; he can not begin with two knights or two bishops together on
his left or right. After the bishops and knights are arranged, the first player begins
by moving a piece.
Janggi
The two sides alternate, moving one piece in each turn, in an attempt to force the
capture of the enemy king (general), just as in other forms of chess. When a
king is left with no option but to be captured in the next move, he is in checkmate,
and has lost the game.
All pieces capture by using their normal moves and landing on a point occupied
by an enemy piece. The enemy piece is removed from play for the rest of the game .
Note that, as a rule, pieces which move straight along the horizontal and vertical
lines of the board also may move straight along the diagonal lines drawn
within the fortress.
The kings may not face each other, with no intervening pieces between
them except in the following case. If one player finds himself with less powerful
pieces on the board than his opponent, he may take the option of facing the other
king, with no pieces intervening between the two, placing the opponent in check.
The opposing king must then move out of check, and the game continues. The
player who uses this option, however, forsakes all possibilit y of winning the game.
Even if, later, he checkmates the enemy king, the game is considered a draw. This
special check by the king may happen more than once, by the same player.
A player may use his king to essentially defend an attacking piece in the enemy fortress, since the opponent can not capture the piece with his king and face
the opposing king (except in the above situation). If a player uses his king in this
way, to defend a piece which is in the enemy fortress giving checkmate, the game
is considered to be a draw, not a win.
If a player finds himself in a position in which he has no safe or desirable move, he
may pass. To indicate this, he simply flips his king over in place, and it is the other
players turn once again.
If a player forces continual repetition of the same positions, and does not wish to
break the pattern, the game is declared a draw.
Finally, if both players agree that there is no remaining possibility of either player
winning the game, it is declared a draw.
Background
This pamphlet was compiled with the help of H. J. R. Murrays A History of Chess (1913);
John Gollons Chess Variants (1968); D. B. Pritchards The Encyclopedia of Chess Variants
(1994); and articles found on www.chessvariants.org.
also written Changgi, Jangki or Tjyang Keui
Korean Chess
The Traditional Chess of Korea
Further information
For more information about changgi, and other chess related
games throughout the world visit : www.ancientchess.com
2004 Rick Knowlton
For information about Chess Variants throughout the world

and free copies of this booklet, visit www.AncientChess.com
Janggi
Janggi, the native chess of Korea, is derived from the same source as
xiangqi, the chess of China. Janggi has much in common with xiangqi,
yet it carries on some characteristics of an earlier version of Chinese
chess; it also has some very interesting innovations.
Arrangement
The pieces are arranged symmetrically, as shown on the front of this
pamphlet. They are octagonal pieces of varying sizes, placed not on the
squares, but on the intersections of lines. Note that most of the pieces
on the red side bear different characters than their counterparts on the
green side. The red pieces are traditional Chinese characters, and most
of the green pieces show the same figures rendered in cursive. A few of
the pieces have different characters altogether, as if to show that the
two armies are truly different groups.
Each side of the board has a nine-point fortress, marked by an X of
diagonal lines. Note that, unlike Chinese chess, the king (or general)
begins in the center of the fortress. There will be a little shuffling of the
pieces before play begins, which will be discussed later. But first, the
pieces.
The Pieces and Their Moves

Here are the red and green pieces, shown with their western names
(king, queen, bishop); their Korean names; the meanings of the Korean
names; and their various moves :
King
Queen
King, Koung, General :

Must stay within the ninepoint fortress. He moves one
point along any printed line
King
in the fortress. His move may be in
any direction, as long as he follows a line.
Queen, Sa, Counselor : Moves exactly Knight
the same as the king, and is also confined
Queen
to the fortress.
Knight, Ma, Horse : One point forward, backward, left or right plus one
point outward diagonally, as shown in
the diagram at right. This is similar to
Knight
the western knight, but the Korean knight
can be blocked. Note that in the diagram
(right) the knight can not move to the red
marked points, because he is blocked by the pawn on his right. (He is not
Bishop, Syang, Elephant :

Bishop
This piece has a very unusual
move, found only in Korean
Bishop
chess. He starts one point forward,
backward, left or right, and then moves two
points outward diagonally, like an extended
knights move. He can be blocked anywhere
along this path, as he is in the diagram by the
green cannon, and by the red rook.
Rook, Tcha, Chariot :
Moves as many points as he
Rook
wishes, in a straight line, along
the lines of the board. This is
Rook
the same move as the western rook,
but note that the Korean rook can also move
along the diagonal lines in the fortress, if he is
already on one of these points. He can not jump
over pieces (such as the red queen in the diagram), and he captures as he moves (and so, can
capture the green piece at his
right).
Pawn, Pyeng
(red) / Tjol
(Green)
(green), Foot
Pawn
Pawn
Soldier:
One point, either
Pawn
forward or sideways. Within the
fortress, he may also move forward along the printed diagonal
lines.
Cannon, Hpo, Cannon (a leaping rook) : If you are acquainted with
Chinese chess, note that the Korean cannon has some important differences. The cannon moves along any straight line, including the lines
Cannon
within the fortress, but must have one piece to jump over. In the diagram, the
cannon (H) can
move to point A (jumping
(Red Piece on Point H)
over the pawn at B); to M
Cannon
(jumping over K); to E
(jumping over F); and may
capture the green piece on D.
He may not jump over more
than one piece (to point C),
and may not move without
jumping (points G, L and N).
Also, he may not leap over
another cannon (friend or foe)
(can not go over I to J), and
may never capture another
cannon.

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How do players arrange the pieces before starting the game?

How do the different pieces move in Janggi?

About this Booklet

also written Changgi, Jangki or Tjyang Keui

2004 Rick Knowlton

For information about Chess Variants throughout the world

The Pieces and Their Moves

King, Koung, General :

Bishop, Syang, Elephant :

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