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    Cable Fault Locators Surge Wave Generators An Overview

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    SMART REFILL
    Using surge wave generators (SWG), which produce high voltage surges, is a key method for locating faults in cables. SWGs are used for both prelocation, which determines the absolute distance to the fault, and pinpoint location, which precisely locates the fault. For prelocation, the SWG ignites an arc at the fault using methods like the Impulse Current Method or Arc Reflection Method. For pinpointing, the maximum SWG energy is discharged directly at the fault, creating a loud sound to precisely locate the fault. A Digiphone receiver is also used to pinpoint faults by measuring the time difference between the electromagnetic and sound signals.

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    Cable Fault Locators Surge Wave Generators An Overview

    Uploaded by

    SMART REFILL
    99 views4 pages
    Using surge wave generators (SWG), which produce high voltage surges, is a key method for locating faults in cables. SWGs are used for both prelocation, which determines the absolute distance to the fault, and pinpoint location, which precisely locates the fault. For prelocation, the SWG ignites an arc at the fault using methods like the Impulse Current Method or Arc Reflection Method. For pinpointing, the maximum SWG energy is discharged directly at the fault, creating a loud sound to precisely locate the fault. A Digiphone receiver is also used to pinpoint faults by measuring the time difference between the electromagnetic and sound signals.

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    Cable Fault Locators Surge Wave Generators an Overview

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    Cable Fault Locators Surge Wave Generators an Overview

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    Using surge wave generators (SWG), which produce high voltage surges, is a key method for locating faults in cables. SWGs are used for both prelocation, which determines the absolute distance to the fault, and pinpoint location, which precisely locates the fault. For prelocation, the SWG ignites an arc at the fault using methods like the Impulse Current Method or Arc Reflection Method. For pinpointing, the maximum SWG energy is discharged directly at the fault, creating a loud sound to precisely locate the fault. A Digiphone receiver is also used to pinpoint faults by measuring the time difference between the electromagnetic and sound signals.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    99 views4 pages

    Cable Fault Locators Surge Wave Generators An Overview

    Uploaded by

    SMART REFILL
    Using surge wave generators (SWG), which produce high voltage surges, is a key method for locating faults in cables. SWGs are used for both prelocation, which determines the absolute distance to the fault, and pinpoint location, which precisely locates the fault. For prelocation, the SWG ignites an arc at the fault using methods like the Impulse Current Method or Arc Reflection Method. For pinpointing, the maximum SWG energy is discharged directly at the fault, creating a loud sound to precisely locate the fault. A Digiphone receiver is also used to pinpoint faults by measuring the time difference between the electromagnetic and sound signals.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Using the

    surge wave generators

    SWG

    Benefits:
    Surge generators for most voltages and output
    up to 3500 J
    Optimized surge energy for switchable capacitors

    Using the
    surge wave generators

    Together with reflectometers, surge generators are the central


    component for cable fault location. They are used for both prelocation and also pinpoint location.

    Prelocation
    Prelocation can be divided into transient methods and Arc
    reflection prelocation, which differentiates between passive,
    semi-active and active methods.
    ICE Impulse Current Method
    (ICE-Method = Impulse Current Equipment)
    This method is ideal particularly for fault location in long ground
    cables and wet splices.
    The surge wave generator ignites an arc at the fault. This
    results in a transient, i.e. a spreading and repeatedly reflected
    travelling wave between the fault and the surge wave generator. An inductive coupler records this transient wave with a
    reflectometer, the Teleflex. The length of one full oscillation
    wave corresponds to the direct distance to the fault.

    ARM Arc Reflection Method


    (HV-supported reflection method)
    All reflection prelocation methods offer the advantage of a very
    detailed measurement result corresponding in principle to the
    picture of a normal reflection measurement. So these are the
    preferred fault location methods. Differences arise with the
    different technologies, which can have a relatively simple
    structure resulting in weight advantages. More complex technologies are more efficient, but also have to be integrated in a
    measuring system.
    The simplest method is the passive ARM method (used to be
    called arc stabilization or short-term arc method). This extends
    the discharge of the surge generator and with it the burning
    duration of the arc by means of a series resistor in the
    discharge path.
    In the semi-active ARM method, the discharge is extended
    by an inductivity. Use of inductivity means that the level of
    voltage is not affected, making it much easier to locate faults
    also with a high ignition voltage.

    A coupler for recording the transient current wave is fitted as a


    standard feature in all surge wave generators with a surge
    energy of 1000 J or more.

    With the LSG 3-E, SebaKMT offers an active ARM method


    with an integrated 2 kV surge unit for excellent extension and
    stabilization of the arc. At the same time, this device permits
    an independent use as a 2 kV prelocation and surge unit.

    Teleflex picture of the ARM method

    Teleflex picture of the ICE method (current decoupling)

    SWG
    Pinpoint location

    Energy
    1000 J

    For a precise location of the fault it is essential to confirm its


    position along the cable, because pre-location with the Teleflex
    only visualizes the absolute distance. But the position and path
    of the cable in the ground, and thus the actual position of the
    fault, is only relatively inaccurately known. An absolutely precise pinpointing is necessary to limit expensive excavation
    work and resulting surface damage to an absolute minimum.
    Here, a direct discharge of the surge generator produces an
    arc at the fault position. The direct connection means that this
    discharge takes place very quickly, generating a loud flashover
    sound which can be located without any problems using a
    corresponding acoustic receiver at the surface, such as the
    Digiphone.
    It is important to always use the maximum available surge
    energy, given the proportional behaviour of volume and
    discharge energy. All SebaKMT SWG surge wave generators
    have switchable surge stages.
    The basic equation of the surge energy is: W = 0.5 x C x U

    Modell
    SWG 505

    Range Voltage kV
    n

    Energy
    Joule

    Cap.
    F

    Fully
    variable
    surge voltage

    250 J
    62 J
    0

    8 kV

    16 kV

    32 kV Surge level

    Best possible setting

    Example with a required surge voltage of 8 kV: The full 1000


    Joule surge energy is obtained with 100% surge voltage in the
    8kV surge range. A setting of 25% surge voltage in the 32 kV
    surge range ( kV) would be useless, producing only 62 Joule
    surge energy.
    Therefore it is always recommended as follows: First select the
    optimum range, i.e. the lowest necessary voltage level, and
    then adjust the SWG to the maximum possible voltage. This is
    the only way to guarantee the maximum energy and sound at
    the arc. If only half the voltage range is used, then only one
    quarter of the surge energy is available.
    Voltage
    Cycle
    adjustable Single imp

    Imax
    mA

    Dimension
    W x D x H

    Weight
    kg

    I
    II
    III

    3
    4
    5

    180
    320
    500

    40

    no

    1.5 6
    yes

    129
    172
    213

    520 x 255 x 530

    43

    I
    II

    0 2.5/5/10
    0 4/8/16

    195
    500

    62.5
    15.6
    3.9

    yes

    1.5 6
    yes

    185
    300

    520 x 280 x 530

    47

    I
    II
    III

    02
    04
    08

    1000
    1000
    1000

    500
    125
    31.5

    yes

    26
    yes

    1400
    700
    500

    520 x 270 x 670

    70

    I
    II
    III

    08
    0 16
    0 32

    1000
    1000
    1000

    31.2
    7.8
    2

    yes

    2.5 10
    yes

    210
    105
    53

    520 x 430 x 630

    106

    SWG 1750 C
    SWG 1750 CI *

    I
    II
    III

    08
    0 16
    0 32

    1750
    1750
    1750

    54.4
    13.6
    3.4

    yes

    2.5 10
    yes

    210
    105
    53

    520 x 430 x 630

    97

    SWG 1750 C-4


    two-part

    I
    II
    I
    II
    III

    02
    04
    08
    0 16
    0 32

    1150
    1150
    1750
    1750
    1750

    566
    142
    54.4
    13.6
    3.4

    2.5 10
    yes

    520 x 430 x 630

    yes

    3650
    1850
    210
    105
    53

    104
    +
    69

    I
    II
    III

    08
    0 16
    0 32

    3500
    3500
    3500

    109
    27.2
    6.8

    yes

    2.5 10
    yes

    210
    105
    53

    SWG 500

    SWG 8-1000

    SWG 1000 C-1

    SWG 1750 CD
    two-part
    3500 Joule

    * including leakage current measurement

    520 x 430 x 460


    520 x 430 x 630
    520 x 270 x 410

    99
    +
    30

    We are happy to provide


    you with information!

    Digiphone receiver for combined acoustic and


    electromagnetic pinpoint location
    The Digiphone works according to the principle of the coincidence or difference method. It automatically measures the time
    differencebetween the electromagnetic signal of the surge
    voltage and the acoustic bang of the arc flashover.
    The Digiphone operates like a stopwatch. The electromagnetic
    pulse starts a counter and the much slower propagating
    sound stops the counter afterward. The displayed time, or the
    time difference between the sound and the magnetic pulse,
    corresponds to the distance to the fault. The shorter the time,
    the closer you are to the fault. The display shows the difference
    in time as a numerical value, while a bar graph shows the
    electromagnetic field strength. The field strength display also
    acts as a locating facility of the cable position. The bar graph
    display is broken down into individual segments to permit a
    very accurate definition of where the cable is running. As long
    as you keep your bearings on this maximum, your longitudinal
    axis is already exactly on top of the cable. As a result, the
    position over the cable is so precise that you almost cannot
    miss the fault, even when faults are very difficult to hear.

    SWG and Digiphone

    This location principle also works for secondary noises and is


    particularly useful in situations where cables are installed in
    protective ducts or under solid road surfaces (concrete,
    asphalt, etc.).

    Fault location with SWG and Digiphone

    For more information, see:

    SebaKMT
    6
    11KV 33KV CABLE JOINTS &Dr.-Herbert-Iann-Str.
    CABLE TERMINATIONS
    FURSE EARTHING
    96148 Baunach/Germany
    www.cablejoints.co.uk
    Tel. +49UK
    (0) 95 44 - 6 80
    Thorne and Derrick
    Tel 0044 191 490 1547 Fax
    Fax0044
    +49 191
    (0) 95477
    44 -5371
    22 73
    Tel 0044 117 977 4647 Fax 0044 117 9775582

    24 hotline +49 (0) 18 05 - 73 22 568

    Our range of products: Equipment and systems to locate faults in power and
    communications networks, as well as for leak location on pipe networks line
    location equipment seminars service contracting.
    We reserve the right to make technical changes.

    ISO 9 0 01: 20 0 0

    sales@sebakmt.com
    www.sebakmt.com

    sebaKMT is a registered trademark of the sebaKMT group


    LFT_SWG_eng_2007_26

    www.sebakmt.com
    CABLE JOINTS, CABLE TERMINATIONS, CABLE
    GLANDS, CABLE CLEATS
    FEEDER PILLARS, FUSE LINKS, ARC FLASH, CABLE ROLLERS, CUT-OUTS

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