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    CISE302 Linear Control Systems: Blok Diagram and Signal Flow and State Space Modeling Dr. Amar Khoukhi

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    subbu2051
    This document provides an overview of topics to be covered in Lecture 6 of CISE302 Linear Control Systems, including: 1) Block diagrams, transfer functions, and state space representation using ordinary differential equations 2) Signal-flow graphs and their relationship to block diagrams 3) Mason's gain formula for finding transfer functions from signal-flow graphs 4) Examples of applying these techniques to systems like RLC circuits and DC motors The lecture objectives are to introduce key modeling approaches like block diagrams, transfer functions, state space, and signal-flow graphs, and demonstrate their applications in control systems analysis.

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    CISE302 Linear Control Systems: Blok Diagram and Signal Flow and State Space Modeling Dr. Amar Khoukhi

    Uploaded by

    subbu2051
    138 views56 pages
    This document provides an overview of topics to be covered in Lecture 6 of CISE302 Linear Control Systems, including: 1) Block diagrams, transfer functions, and state space representation using ordinary differential equations 2) Signal-flow graphs and their relationship to block diagrams 3) Mason's gain formula for finding transfer functions from signal-flow graphs 4) Examples of applying these techniques to systems like RLC circuits and DC motors The lecture objectives are to introduce key modeling approaches like block diagrams, transfer functions, state space, and signal-flow graphs, and demonstrate their applications in control systems analysis.

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    Signal flow graph

    Original Title

    CISE 302 121 Lecture 5 SFG-State Space Rep

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    This document provides an overview of topics to be covered in Lecture 6 of CISE302 Linear Control Systems, including: 1) Block diagrams, transfer functions, and state space representation using ordinary differential equations 2) Signal-flow graphs and their relationship to block diagrams 3) Mason's gain formula for finding transfer functions from signal-flow graphs 4) Examples of applying these techniques to systems like RLC circuits and DC motors The lecture objectives are to introduce key modeling approaches like block diagrams, transfer functions, state space, and signal-flow graphs, and demonstrate their applications in control systems analysis.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    138 views56 pages

    CISE302 Linear Control Systems: Blok Diagram and Signal Flow and State Space Modeling Dr. Amar Khoukhi

    Uploaded by

    subbu2051
    This document provides an overview of topics to be covered in Lecture 6 of CISE302 Linear Control Systems, including: 1) Block diagrams, transfer functions, and state space representation using ordinary differential equations 2) Signal-flow graphs and their relationship to block diagrams 3) Mason's gain formula for finding transfer functions from signal-flow graphs 4) Examples of applying these techniques to systems like RLC circuits and DC motors The lecture objectives are to introduce key modeling approaches like block diagrams, transfer functions, state space, and signal-flow graphs, and demonstrate their applications in control systems analysis.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 56

    CISE302

    Linear Control Systems


    Lecture 6:

    Blok Diagram and Signal Flow


    And State Space Modeling
    Dr. Amar Khoukhi
    (Term 121)

    Lecture Objectives
    1. To study block diagrams, their components, and their underlying
    mathematics.
    2. To obtain transfer function of systems through block diagram
    manipulation and reduction.
    3. To introduce state space representation from ordinary differential
    equation model
    4. Introduce the relation between state space and transfer function
    representation.
    5. To introduce the signal-flow graphs.
    6. To establish a parallel between block diagrams & signal-flow graphs.
    7. To use Masons gain formula for finding transfer function of systems.
    8. To introduce state diagrams.
    9. To demonstrate the MATLAB tools using case studies.

    Applications
    Spring-mass-damper- Coulomb and viscous
    damper cases
    RLC circuit, and concept of analogous variables
    Solution of spring-mass-damper (viscous case)
    DC motor- Field current and armature current
    controlled cases
    Block diagrams of the above DC-motor problems
    Feedback System Transfer
    functions and Signal flow graphs

    Block Diagram Reduction

    Combining blocks in a cascade


    Moving a summing point ahead of a block
    Moving summing point behind a block
    Moving splitting point ahead of a block
    Moving splitting point behind a block
    Elimination of a feedback loop
    R(s)
    +

    G1
    -

    H2
    G2

    +
    +
    H3

    Y(s)
    G3

    G4
    H1

    Block Diagram Models

    Block Diagram Models

    Block Diagram Models


    Original Diagram

    Equivalent Diagram

    Original Diagram

    Equivalent Diagram

    Block Diagram Models


    Original Diagram

    Equivalent Diagram

    Original Diagram

    Equivalent Diagram

    Block Diagram Models


    Original Diagram

    Equivalent Diagram

    Original Diagram

    Equivalent Diagram

    Block Diagram Models


    Example 5

    Block Diagram Models

    Example 5

    Block Diagram Models


    Example 6

    Block Diagram Models


    Example 7

    SIGNAL-FLOW GRAPHS (SFGs)

    For complex systems, the block diagram method can become difficult to
    complete. By using the signal-flow graph model, the reduction procedure
    (used in the block diagram method) is not necessary to determine the
    relationship between system variables.

    SIGNAL-FLOW GRAPHS (SFGs)

    SIGNAL-FLOW GRAPHS (SFGs)

    RLC network. (a) Block diagram (b) Signal-flow graph. .


    Example 9

    Signal-Flow Graph Models


    Example 10

    Y1( s )

    G11( s ) R1( s ) G12( s ) R2( s )

    Y2( s )

    G21( s ) R1( s ) G22( s ) R2( s )

    Signal-Flow Graph Models


    Example 11

    a11 x1 a12 x2 r1

    x1

    a21 x1 a22 x2 r2

    x2

    State space design

    From Lab Manual

    State space design

    What are X1 and X2 ?

    Sections 3.3 to 3.6 from Dorf Text

    State space design


    From Differential Equations to State Diagrams

    State space design


    State equation

    State space design


    First order scalar ODE

    Example 12

    State space design

    First order n-dimension system of ODEs

    State space design

    State space design

    State space design


    CHARACTERISTIC EQUATIONS, EIGENVALUES, AND EIGENVECTORS

    How to solve High Order ODE

    How do solve second order ODE?

    x 3x 6x 1

    How do solve high order ODE?

    CISE301_Topic 8

    (c) Khoukhi 2010

    31

    The general approach to solve ODEs


    Example 13
    high order ODE

    x 3x 6 x 1
    x (0) 1; x(0) 4

    Second order ODE

    CISE301_Topic 8

    convert

    System of first order ODE

    solve

    convert

    z2
    z1

    z 1 3z 6 z ,
    2
    1
    2
    4
    Z (0)
    1

    solve

    Two first order ODEs

    (c) Khoukhi 2010

    32

    State space design

    Example 14

    Example 14

    State space design

    State space design

    Example 15

    State space design

    State space design

    Example 16

    State space design

    From State Diagrams to Transfer Functions

    Transfer Function:

    Example 17

    State space design

    From State Diagrams to State and Output Equations

    Model for G(s) of Equation (3.45). (a) Signal-flow


    graph. (b) Block diagram.
    Example 18

    Model for G(s) of Equation (3.46) in the phase variable


    format. (a) Signal-flow graph. (b) Block diagram.
    Example 19

    (a) Phase variable flow graph state model for T(s).


    (b) Block diagram for the phase variable
    Example 21
    canonical form.

    Single-loop control system.


    Example 22

    A block diagram model of an open-loop DC motor


    control with velocity as the output.
    Example 23

    (a) The physical state variable signal-flow graph for the


    block diagram of Figure 3.17. (b) Physical state block
    Example 24

    diagram.

    Example 25
    (a) The decoupled state variable flow graph model for the system
    shown in block diagram form in Figure 3.17. (b) The decoupled
    state variable block diagram model.

    Model for the spread of an epidemic disease. (a) Signal-flow


    graph. (b) Block diagram model.
    Example 26

    Masons Gain Formula for SFG

    Masons Gain Formula for SFG

    Masons Gain Formula for SFG

    Example 27

    fig_03_32

    Masons Gain Formula for SFG

    fig_03_25

    Masons Gain Formula for SFG


    Example 28

    Figure 3-33 Signal-flow graph for Example 3-2-4.

    Masons Gain Formula for SFG


    Example 29

    Application of the Gain Formula to Block Diagrams

    Figure 3-34 (a) Block diagram of a control system. (b) Equivalent signal-flow graph.

    Masons Gain Formula for SFG


    Simplified Gain Formula

    Masons Gain Formula for SFG


    Example 30

    Y( s )

    G 1 G 2 G 3 G 4 1 L 3 L 4 G 5 G 6 G 7 G 8 1 L 1 L 2

    R( s )

    1 L 1 L 2 L 3 L 4 L 1 L 3 L 1 L 4 L 2 L 3 L 2 L 4

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