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    Esc201: Introduction To Electronics: Shilpi Gupta Dept. of Electrical Engineering Iit Kanpur

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    Shreya
    This document provides an overview of the ESc201 course "Introduction to Electronics" at IIT Kanpur. It discusses key concepts like phase difference between voltage and current, maximum power transfer, time domain vs. frequency domain analysis, frequency response, transfer functions, Bode plots, and determining transfer functions from Bode plots. The document uses examples of circuits, signals, and their analyses in both time and frequency domains to illustrate these fundamental electronics and systems concepts.

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    Esc201: Introduction To Electronics: Shilpi Gupta Dept. of Electrical Engineering Iit Kanpur

    Uploaded by

    Shreya
    147 views37 pages
    This document provides an overview of the ESc201 course "Introduction to Electronics" at IIT Kanpur. It discusses key concepts like phase difference between voltage and current, maximum power transfer, time domain vs. frequency domain analysis, frequency response, transfer functions, Bode plots, and determining transfer functions from Bode plots. The document uses examples of circuits, signals, and their analyses in both time and frequency domains to illustrate these fundamental electronics and systems concepts.

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    This document provides an overview of the ESc201 course "Introduction to Electronics" at IIT Kanpur. It discusses key concepts like phase difference between voltage and current, maximum power transfer, time domain vs. frequency domain analysis, frequency response, transfer functions, Bode plots, and determining transfer functions from Bode plots. The document uses examples of circuits, signals, and their analyses in both time and frequency domains to illustrate these fundamental electronics and systems concepts.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    147 views37 pages

    Esc201: Introduction To Electronics: Shilpi Gupta Dept. of Electrical Engineering Iit Kanpur

    Uploaded by

    Shreya
    This document provides an overview of the ESc201 course "Introduction to Electronics" at IIT Kanpur. It discusses key concepts like phase difference between voltage and current, maximum power transfer, time domain vs. frequency domain analysis, frequency response, transfer functions, Bode plots, and determining transfer functions from Bode plots. The document uses examples of circuits, signals, and their analyses in both time and frequency domains to illustrate these fundamental electronics and systems concepts.

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    ESc201 : Introduction to Electronics

    Shilpi Gupta
    Dept. of Electrical Engineering
    IIT Kanpur

    Feb 1, 2017
    1
    2
    General Rule

    For a resistor PF = 1, while for inductor and capacitor it is 0

    is phase difference between voltage and current 3


    4
    5
    6
    Maximum Power Transfer for sinusoidal input

    For maximum load power : XL = -X

    Choose RL = R to maximize load power


    Maximum power is transferred to the load when load is
    complex conjugate of source impedance 7
    Maximum Power Transfer for sinusoidal input
    Maximum power is transferred to the load when load is complex
    conjugate of source impedance

    8
    Maximum Power Transfer for sinusoidal input when load is
    Resistive complex

    Maximum power is transferred to the load when

    9
    Frequency Domain Response

    10
    Time domain vs. Frequency domain analysis

    Signal

    11
    12
    Speech signal

    13
    System What does this circuit do ?

    5V

    0V

    14
    Suppose the capacitor is reduced to ~21pF.

    It is hard to find out what impact the change in capacitor has on circuit behavior
    15
    Frequency domain analysis
    VO

    Input vs

    Output Vo

    16
    Measure response at many different frequencies for a constant input amplitude

    f=1KHz

    Input vs

    Output Vo

    f=10KHz 17
    Measure response at many different frequencies for a constant input amplitude

    f=100KHz

    Input vs

    Output Vo

    f=1000KHz
    18
    Plot the amplitude and phase as a function of frequency

    Amplitude as a function of frequency

    One can clearly see the frequency selective (often called a filter) nature of the
    circuit

    19
    Phase as a function of frequency

    20
    Suppose the capacitor is reduced to ~21pF.

    21
    Analysis of signals and systems in frequency domain
    often provides useful insight into their behavior.

    22
    Frequency domain analysis

    Transfer function is a useful tool for finding the frequency


    response of a system

    Phasor (V or I) Phasor (V or I)

    Transfer function has a magnitude and a phase


    23
    24
    Because of the wide dynamic range of frequency, plotting
    frequency on log axis is often more revealing !

    25
    Logarithmic frequency scale

    1 decade
    1 octave

    f (Hz)
    1 101 50 102 103 104

    2 decades

    26
    Decibel scale often reveals more information about
    behavior

    27
    The magnitude of transfer function is often specified in decibels

    Because power is proportional to V2 or I2, voltage gain and


    current gain in decibels is specified as

    28
    Decibel Scale
    |H| 20Log10(|H|)
    1000 60
    100 40
    10 20
    2 6
    2 3
    1 0
    1/ 2 -3
    0.5 -6
    0.1 -20
    0.01 -40
    29
    dB Scale

    1
    0.1

    0.01

    0.001

    A plot of the decibel magnitude of transfer function versus


    frequency using a logarihmic scale for frequency is called a
    Bode plot
    30
    500

    400

    300

    200

    100

    0
    0 2 4 6 8 10
    4
    31
    (rad/s) x 10
    500

    400

    300

    200

    100

    0 1 2 3 4 5
    10 10 10 10 10
    (rad/s)
    32
    60

    40

    20

    -20

    -40 1 2 3 4 5
    10 10 10 10 10
    33
    (rad/s)
    How to determine the transfer function?

    34
    Plot Magnitude

    35
    HdB
    3dB 0
    10 3dB -20 -20 dB per decade
    100 3dB -40

    36
    3dB point 1
    3 dB
    RC
    10
    corner frequency or half
    HdB power frequency
    0 HdB
    3dB 0
    -10 10 3dB -20
    100 3dB -40
    -20

    -30

    -40 1 2 3 4 5
    10 10 10 10 (rad/s) 10
    37

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