RISK ASSESSMENT CONSTRUCTION SITES

Hazard: Source, situation, or act with the potential for harm in terms of human injury or ill health, or a
combination of these.
Hazard Identification: Process of recognising that a Hazard exists and defining its characteristics.
Risk: Combination of likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event or exposure and the severity of injury
or ill health that can be caused by the event or exposure.
Risk Assessment: Process of evaluating the risk(s) arising from a hazard(s), taking into account the
adequacy of any existing controls, and deciding whether or not the risk(s) is acceptable.
Risk Reduction or Mitigation: Set of controls that can be used to eliminate or reduce As Low as
Reasonably Practical the risks associated with an activity.

To define as far as is reasonable practicable, the generic risks and mitigation measures associated with
common site visit activities. This risk assessment should in no way be viewed as exhaustive and may need to
be expanded upon depending on the site being visited and the activities being undertaken. As well as clearly
identifying a hazard it also vitally important to understand the contributory factors wherever possible. Bearing
this in mind, each hazard has been expanded upon to list the most common causes or reasons why the
hazard may occur. Once again please note that this list is not exhaustive.
Where additions to this generic assessment have been identified and added, they should also be discussed
with the responsible Project Manager, who must in turn inform the Director for Health and Safety or the Health
and Safety Advisor. You should be aware and accept that as an Employee you are also responsible for your
own health and safety and how your acts or omissions may affect others, therefore you should not undertake
any activity which is unsafe or where significant risks cannot be reduced to an acceptable level.
This risk assessment does not consider the identification of potential hazards to the Environment (e.g.
pollution risk) and only deals with risk to health and safety. This Risk Assessment should be reviewed in
conjunction with the Site Risk Assessment and, if required, the Construction Site Risk Assessment.

JBA utilise the 5 X 5 risk assessment table: Severity X Likelihood of occurrence = Risk Factor (S X L = RF)
Hazards are identified, listing possible causes if appropriate and assessed for severity
These are then multiplied by the frequency or likeliness of an incident occurring if no controls were
applied
This produces the risk factor

The numerical assessment table gives guidelines on how to assess severity and frequency.
This risk assessment is generic and whereas the basic principles will always apply, it is acknowledged risk
can change significantly from one site to another. Generic risk assessments will always be reviewed by the
appointed Project Manager and then expanded upon if required to nullify or apply the necessary controls to
hazards identified during site visits (pre-works) or through information passed to them by a third party.

Numerical Assessment
Severity (S) Likelihood of Occurrence (L)
1 No Injuries / Minor Damage 1 Remote
2 Single Minor Injury 2 Unlikely
3 Single Major Injury / Minor Pollution 3 Occasional
4 Single Fatality / Major Pollution 4 Likely
5 Multiple Fatalities 5 Highly Likely

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Risk Factor
Likelihood of Occurrence (L)
5 4 3 2 1
5 25 20 15 10 5
Severity (S)

4 20 16 12 8 4
3 15 12 9 6 3
2 10 8 6 4 2
1 5 4 3 2 1
Risk Factors between 16 to 25 = Unacceptable Risk. Risk Factors > 8 will be strictly monitored.
Hazards Identified with a Severity Assessed at 3 or above will also be strictly monitored.

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The table below identifies the hazard and possible cause/s if appropriate. Frequency and risk factor are also calculated prior to controls being implemented. The risk factor is
then re-calculated with the control measures in place.
Hazards and possible causes Potential Risk or consequence S L RF Control Measures S L RF
identified associated with the Hazard
Entry to Construction Sites Multiple death 5 3 15 No staff permitted to enter a construction site without the authority of 5 2 10
General Death the Contractor in charge and where possible visits to be prearranged.
Machinery operation Serious injury All staff to have received and have understood a site induction /
General site hazards Injury briefing prior to entering site.
Underfoot conditions All staff to abide by site rules.
Slips Trips and Falls PPE as specified by Contractor to be worn at all times but to include
Material falling from above as a minimum Hi-Vis Jacket or vest, Safety boots or Wellingtons and
Hard Hat.
Awareness of machinery and plant operating around site.
Site specific hazards to be identified as part of the induction e.g. plant
working in area, location of excavations, location of groundworks,
stores and restricted areas
See also Site Risk Assessment
Trapped in Soft ground Death 4 3 12 Site inspection prior to work commencing to identify potential 4 1 4
Deep mud Serious injury associated hazard sites.
Clay bund Injury Request details from land owner or client regarding potential hazard
Quicksand locations
Silt Avoid entering into any such areas.
Including pedestrians and Specific method statement to be written and approved for the location
vehicles and its particular hazards including actions to be taken in the event of
emergency.
Briefing of all staff prior to access to site including staff being briefed
by Principal Contractor if applicable.
Staff to abide by site rules.
No lone working in such areas.
Staff to have adequate communication equipment in case of
emergency.
Precautionary approach to entering any areas including testing depth
with suitable pole etc.
PPE to be worn.

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Hazards and possible causes Potential Risk or consequence S L RF Control Measures S L RF

identified associated with the Hazard
Excavations Multiple death 5 3 15 Specific method statement to be written and approved by Principal 5 2 10
Works associated with Death Contractor and briefed to all staff.
excavations Serious injury JBA Consulting staff not permitted to operate machine or plant of any
Open excavations Injury type and should not ride on / in or supervise works from / in any
Falls from height Severe / Chronic Illness machine or plant.
Buried services Illness JBA Consulting staff not permitted to enter into any unsupported
Collapse excavations and entry to supported excavation only to be considered
Unsupported excavation as a last resort.
Entering excavations Open excavations to be clearly identified on site including edge
Undermining of adjacent guards / fencing as required.
structures Confined space entry only to be undertaken by competent staff using
Flooding / water ingress a safe system of work (see Confined Spaces Risk Assessment)
Contaminated ground JBA Consulting staff not permitted to undertake excavations of any
Dust and particles kind unless permission granted by Divisional Director and Method
statement approved and implemented. Such method statement should
consider:
No open excavation to be left unattended or unsecured
No open excavation to be left for prolonged periods of time and ideally
should be completed and infilled in one continuous activity.
In addition open excavations should be inspected not less than daily.
Temporary works and temporary support to be designed by competent
engineers and constructed by competent contractors including side
support / battering and grading
Services search prior to staring on site with locations of services
identified on site and drawings
CAT scan by competent persons prior to excavation using certified
and approved CAT Scan equipment
Location and method of storing excavation materials
Alternative method to open excavation to be considered as part of
engineering solution
Permit to dig system to be introduced

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Hazards and possible causes Potential Risk or consequence S L RF Control Measures S L RF

identified associated with the Hazard
Working at Height Death 4 3 12 Specific method statement to be written and approved by Principal 4 2 8
Falling whilst working at height. Serious injury Contractor and briefed to all staff.
Inappropriate access / working Injury Staff should avoid working at heights and should consider alternative
platform. method of working including use of special contractor e.g. roped
Inappropriate use of platforms. access.
Alteration of platforms. JBA Consulting staff who wish to work at height should gain authority
Temporary scaffolding, towers from Divisional Director and only after approved method statement
and powered access platforms has been produced.
Carrying too much. Scaffolding to be erected by competent, certified scaffold company
Ladder movement. using certified equipment
Ladder failure. Staff awareness
Rushing. Specific method statements to be written and authorised by line
manager if ladder use required see Site Risk Assessment.
Working on or near water Death 4 3 12 4 2 8
Serious injury See SITE RISK ASSESSMENT
Injury
Working in proximity to plant Multiple death 5 3 15 4 2 8
and equipment Death See SITE RISK ASSESSMENT
Serious injury
Injury
Construction Noise Death 4 2 8 4 1 4
Serious injury See SITE RISK ASSESSMENT
Injury
Asphyxiation due to poor Multiple death 5 3 15 Principal Contractor is to identify any areas of such hazards and brief 5 1 5
atmosphere Death staff appropriately
Fumes Serious injury JBA Consulting staff are not to enter any location where such Hazards
Chemicals Injury may exist (this is irrespective of any specialist PPE being provided)
Solvents unless they are Confined Spaces trained and an appropriate risk
Dust assessment and equipment is in place.
Confined Spaces In the event of starting to feel unwell and suspect possible contact with
any such substances leave area immediately to fresh air and seek
medical help
Staff awareness
Obey site rules
COSHH Assessment and briefing as required

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Hazards and possible causes Potential Risk or consequence S L RF Control Measures S L RF

identified associated with the Hazard
Drowning due to flooding of Multiple death 5 3 15 Principal Contractor is to identify any areas of such hazards and brief 5 1 5
work site Death staff appropriately
Cofferdam failure Serious injury Check weather forecast
Temporary works failure Injury Monitor weather conditions
Pump failure Monitor water levels and flows
Rainfall Temporary works to be designed and installed by competent persons
Leakage and are to be adequate for expected situations
Inflow from land drains/culverts Cofferdam register
Anti-vandal cofferdams
Standby pumps
Standby generator/power supply with adequate fuel supply
Emergency plan
First aid trained staff on site
JBA Consulting staff should avoid entering areas where such risks are
possible unless briefed and suitable arrangements are in place.
Entry to Confined spaces is to be completed by qualified and
competent staff only in accordance with method statement
See also Site Risk Assessment
Storage of fuels and Multiple death 5 3 15 Contractor to set up suitable and sufficient storage areas including 5 2 10
chemicals Death emergency arrangements as required by the level and type of material
Including location of any Serious injury or substance being stored. Any arrangements are to e briefed to all
storage areas Injury staff as part of site induction.
Risk of fire Details and records of any stored materials or substances are to be
Potential for exposure to retained in accordance with the legislation and available for inspection
chemicals / substances and if required.
their by-products Rule governing access to storage areas and use of any materials or
Leaks and emergency substances are to be formulated and enforced by principal contractor
situations A strict no smoking policy applies to these areas.

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Hazards and possible causes Potential Risk or consequence S L RF Control Measures S L RF

identified associated with the Hazard
Working in proximity of Death 4 2 8 Contractor to prepare and brief suitable method statements for lifting 4 1 4
cranes and other lifting Serious injury equipment and materials.
equipment Injury Banksmen to be used
Objects falling / dropping Restricted / no-go areas to be set up and enforced
Injury by lifting equipment or Awareness of banksman and restriction area and obey site rules
materials being lifted Do not pass beneath anything slung from or being lifted by equipment
Do not move in front of or behind equipment transporting objects
unless driver / banksman acknowledges safe to do so.
Do not enter within lifting / boom swing area and be aware of plant
crush zones
PPE to be worn

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Please add site specific hazards and appropriate control measures below. Please ensure that this risk
assessment is stored in the job file.
Hazard Control

Hazard Control

Hazard Control

Hazard Control

Hazard Control

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Reviewed by:
Contact Phone Number
Vehicle (Type , Colour and
Registration)
Other JBA Employees Attending Site
Date of Visit:
Comments:

Reviewed by:
Contact Phone Number
Vehicle (Type , Colour and
Registration)
Other JBA Employees Attending Site
Date of Visit:
Comments:

Reviewed by: Approved by:

Ian Benn Richard Buck

HSQE Manager Director for Health and Safety
JBA Group Limited JBA Group Limited

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