Concept of Health Education

UNIT - I: Concept of Health Education
Aims and objectives of Health Education, Dimensions and determinants

of health, Health needs of children, adolescents and differently - abled
children. Health services,
roleof teachers in developing health.
Definition of Health Education
WHO defined health as A state of complete physical, mental and social

well-being and not merely the absence of disease or deformity.
According to J.F.William Health is the quality of life that enables the

individual to live most and serve best.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF HEALTH EDUCATION
The aim of imparting health education to children is mainly to help them develop a
sound physique and also to acquaint them with the laws of health, Highlighted
below are a few of the objectives of health education:
(i) To cultivate the desirable health practices and health practices and health habits;
(ii) To develop the health attitudes;
(iii) To appreciate the health programmes undertaken by the school and community
and to improve the school and community and to improve the necessary materials
for the execution of that programme;
(iv) To develop health consciousness in the school and in the community;
(v) To teach pupils the rules for the preservation and development of their physical,
mental and emotional health;
(vi) To eradicate the diseases through health drive programmes;

(vii) To combat the superstitions and prejudices in the community;
(viii) To provide a healthful environment for physical and mental growth;
(ix) To improve the general conditions of living in the community;
(x) To instruct the children and youth so as to conserve and improve their own
health;
(xi) To influence the parents and other adults through the health-educative
programme for better habits and attitudes in children.
DIMENSIONS AND DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
Determinants of health:
income and social status.

employment.
education.
social environments.
physical environments.
healthy child development.
personal health practices and coping skills.
health services.
Determinants of Health
What makes some people healthy and others unhealthy?
How can we create a society in which everyone has a chance to live a long,
healthy life?
Developing objectives that address the relationship between health status
and biology, individual behavior, health services, social factors, and policies.
Emphasizing an ecological approach to disease prevention and health
promotion. An ecological approach focuses on both individual-level and
population-level determinants of health and interventions.
The range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that
influence health status are known as determinants of health.
Determinants of health fall under several broad categories:
Policymaking
Social factors
Health services
Individual behavior
Biology and genetics
o It is the interrelationships among these factors that determine
individual and population health.
o Because of this, interventions that target multiple determinants of
health are most likely to be effective.
o Determinants of health reach beyond the boundaries of traditional
health care and public health sectors; sectors such as education,
housing, transportation, agriculture, and environment can be important
allies in improving population health.
Policymaking
Policies at the local, state, and federal level affect individual and population
health. Increasing taxes on tobacco sales, for example, can improve
population health by reducing the number of people using tobacco products.
Some policies affect entire populations over extended periods of time while
simultaneously helping to change individual behavior.
Social Factors
Social determinants of health reflect the social factors and physical
conditions of the environment in which people are born, live, learn, play,
work, and age. Also known as social and physical determinants of health,
they impact a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life
outcomes.
Health Services
Both access to health services and the quality of health services can impact
health. Healthy People 2020 directly addresses access to health services as a
topic area and incorporates quality of health services throughout a number of
topic areas.
Lack of access, or limited access, to health services greatly impacts an
individuals health status. For example, when individuals do not have health
insurance, they are less likely to participate in preventive care and are more
likely to delay medical treatment.
Individual Behavior
Individual behavior also plays a role in health outcomes. For example, if an
individual quits smoking, his or her risk of developing heart disease is
greatly reduced.
Many public health and health care interventions focus on changing
individual behaviors such as substance abuse, diet, and physical activity.
Positive changes in individual behavior can reduce the rates of chronic
disease in this country.
Examples of individual behavior determinants of health include:
Diet
Physical activity
Alcohol, cigarette, and other drug use
Hand washing
Biology and Genetics

Some biological and genetic factors affect specific populations more than
others. For example, older adults are biologically prone to being in poorer
health than adolescents due to the physical and cognitive effects of aging.
HEALTH NEEDS OF CHILDREN

A childs physical and mental health are both important.
Basics for a childs good physical health:
Nutritious food
Adequate shelter and sleep
Exercise
Immunizations
Healthy living environment
Basics for a childs good mental health:

Unconditional love from family
Self-confidence and high self-esteem
The opportunity to play with other children
Encouraging teachers and supportive caretakers
Safe and secure surroundings
Appropriate guidance and discipline
Give children unconditional love.
HEALTH NEEDS OF ADOLESCENTS
Other Mental Health America titles include:

Teen Eating Disorders
Teen Depression and Suicide
Teen Self-esteem Feeling Good About Yourself
Teen Stress: A Guide to Surviving Stress
Physical Health And Nutrition
Adolescence is a good time for children and youth to begin taking
responsibility for their physical healthfrom what they eat to keeping fit. In
addition to maintaining a healthy diet and being active each day, adolescents
should get a good nights sleep, receive dental checkups twice a year, and
receive a physical checkup once a year. During this phase, adolescents with
chronic conditions like asthma, depression, and ADD/ADHD can begin to
learn how to manage those conditions. Although some adolescents face
barriers to receiving adequate care due to lack of health insurance, the
Affordable Care Act includes many provisions to extend coverage for
adolescents.
Healthy Behavior
Other than the first year of life, there is no other developmental period
during which individuals grow more than during the period of adolescence.
These years are the time to form positive habits that will improve
adolescents long-term health and well-being. Three behaviors in particular
will make a difference to support health into adulthood: eating a nutritious
diet, being active, and getting a good nights sleep.
Health needs of Differently abled children
i) Cognitively Exceptional Children
ii) Physically Cognitively Exceptional Children

iii)Socio-Culturally Exceptional Children
Who is an exceptional child?
An exceptional child is the one whose performance
deviates from the norm, either below or above, to such an extent
that special educational programmes and intervention strategies
had to be planned to fulfil their academic needs.
Types of Exceptional Children:
Students can be broadly classified to the following three
categories:
a) Cognitively Exceptional Children
b) Physically Exceptional Children
c) Socio-Culturally Exceptional Children
COGNITIVELY EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN
The children belonging to this category can be further
subdivided in to the following types:
i. The Gifted
ii. The Mentally Retarded
iii. Children With Learning Disabilities
a. Children with muscular or neuromuscular handicaps

which significantly limit their ability to get about, sit in the
classroom, manipulate the materials.
b. Children with skeletal deformities which also affect
movement, posture and use of hand in school work.
c. Children with temporary or chronic lack of strength,
vitality or weakness.
The categorization of orthopaedic disability according to extent
and severity:
Mild -- < 40%,
Moderate 40% and above
Severe 70% and above, and,
Profound 100%
Manage the implementation of student health plans:

support the implementation of Action Plans
respect student privacy and dignity when supporting students
consider students health needs when planning and managing risks in school
curriculum activities e.g. cooking, field studies, camps, excursions
identify all relevant medical details and ensure all health records are updated
in One School, based on advice received from parents/careers on consent
forms, in preparation for excursions or camps.
provide coordinators of camps and excursions with details of students
health needs prior to the event ensure relief staff have access to relevant
information and training required to safely support students health needs.
In the event of any health and safety incident, refer to the Health and Safety
Incident Reporting, Notification and Management procedure
Medical equipment, medication and consumables
ensure specialized equipment, medication and consumables are maintained
and stored appropriately while at school and on school-related activities
inform parent/career when equipment, medication or consumables require
servicing, resupply or are close to expiry date.
School staff who volunteer to support students specialized health needs and
procedures:
complete the Voluntary Undertaking to Perform a Specialized Health
Procedure form prior to commencing training undertake and complete
designated training to a competent standard as determined by the qualified
health practitioner
record specialized health procedures delivered and medication administered
complete Specialized Health Procedure Allowance for Teacher Aides Claim
for Payment (DET employees only) where applicable and submit to
Regional Office.
Role of Teachers in Developing Health
How can Teachers Promote Mental Health for ALL Students

Teachers are able to provide support through universal mental health
promotion and prevention programming.
Teachers can support positive mental health for all students in the way
that they go about their day-to-day work. Because teachers are
significant in the lives of their students, how they behave towards
students has huge impact on individual students and on the classroom
in general. Their consistent support and overt compassion and
patience with students are often of critical importance in the daily
lives of their students.
Teachers can use research-based strategies that are shown to promote
positive mental health across schools and classrooms.
Teachers can also incorporate school-wide programming to address
areas of concern (e.g., peer mediation to help with student conflicts).
Most significantly, teachers can integrate social emotional learning (SEL) into
classroom activities so that students learn skills related to self-awareness, social
awareness, self-regulation, relationship building, and decision-making. In fact,
research has shown a link between social emotional learning skills and academic
performance. For more information about the critical role of social emotional
learning, visit the Collaborative for Academic, Social and Emotional Learning.

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UNIT - I: Concept of Health Education

Aims and objectives of Health Education, Dimensions and determinants

Definition of Health Education

WHO defined health as A state of complete physical, mental and social

According to J.F.William Health is the quality of life that enables the

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF HEALTH EDUCATION

(ii) To develop the health attitudes;

(iv) To develop health consciousness in the school and in the community;

(vi) To eradicate the diseases through health drive programmes;

(viii) To provide a healthful environment for physical and mental growth;

(ix) To improve the general conditions of living in the community;

DIMENSIONS AND DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH

income and social status.

Determinants of health fall under several broad categories:

Biology and Genetics

HEALTH NEEDS OF CHILDREN

Basics for a childs good mental health:

HEALTH NEEDS OF ADOLESCENTS

Other Mental Health America titles include:

ii) Physically Cognitively Exceptional Children

a. Children with muscular or neuromuscular handicaps

Manage the implementation of student health plans:

Role of Teachers in Developing Health

How can Teachers Promote Mental Health for ALL Students

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