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    Fluid Mechanics - Ii (Lab)

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    Noni Gul
    The document summarizes an experiment to compute the coefficient of discharge using a Venturi meter. It describes the Venturi meter apparatus, theoretical calculations for ideal flow rate using Bernoulli's equation, and an experimental procedure to measure actual flow rate. The experiment takes measurements at three flow rates and plots actual vs. ideal flow rate to determine the discharge coefficient, which is found to be around 0.9 due to frictional losses and measurement inaccuracies.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Fluid Mechanics - Ii (Lab)

    Uploaded by

    Noni Gul
    21 views5 pages
    The document summarizes an experiment to compute the coefficient of discharge using a Venturi meter. It describes the Venturi meter apparatus, theoretical calculations for ideal flow rate using Bernoulli's equation, and an experimental procedure to measure actual flow rate. The experiment takes measurements at three flow rates and plots actual vs. ideal flow rate to determine the discharge coefficient, which is found to be around 0.9 due to frictional losses and measurement inaccuracies.

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    FM 2 lab report 7 docx file.

    Original Title

    Lab Report 7

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    The document summarizes an experiment to compute the coefficient of discharge using a Venturi meter. It describes the Venturi meter apparatus, theoretical calculations for ideal flow rate using Bernoulli's equation, and an experimental procedure to measure actual flow rate. The experiment takes measurements at three flow rates and plots actual vs. ideal flow rate to determine the discharge coefficient, which is found to be around 0.9 due to frictional losses and measurement inaccuracies.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    21 views5 pages

    Fluid Mechanics - Ii (Lab)

    Uploaded by

    Noni Gul
    The document summarizes an experiment to compute the coefficient of discharge using a Venturi meter. It describes the Venturi meter apparatus, theoretical calculations for ideal flow rate using Bernoulli's equation, and an experimental procedure to measure actual flow rate. The experiment takes measurements at three flow rates and plots actual vs. ideal flow rate to determine the discharge coefficient, which is found to be around 0.9 due to frictional losses and measurement inaccuracies.

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    FLUID MECHANICS II (LAB)

    LAB REPORT # 7

    SUBMITTED TO:

    SUBMITTED BY:

    DATED:

    Experiment: Computing the coefficient of discharge using a Venturi meter.


    Apparatus:

    The apparatus consists of a classical Venturi made of clear acrylic. A


    series of wall tapings allow measurement of the static pressure distribution
    along the converging duct, while a total head tube is provided along the centre
    line of the test section. These tapings are connected to a manometer bank
    incorporating a manifold with air bleed valve.

    Theory:

    In industrial practice one of the problems most frequently encountered by


    engineers is the measurement of fluid properties, such as density, viscosity,

    pressure, velocity, flow rate. This apparatus is designed to obtain the flow rate
    by using a Venturi meter. It consists of a Venturi tube and differential pressure
    gauge. The Venturi tube has a converging portion, a throat and a diverging
    portion as shown.

    The converging portion increases the velocity of


    the fluid and lowers its static pressure. A pressure
    difference between inlet and throat develops,
    which is related to the rate of discharge. The
    diverging cone changes the area of the stream
    back to the entrance area and converts velocity
    head into pressure head.
    Assuming incompressible flow and no frictional losses, and using the continuity
    Equation (Q = A1V1 = A2V2)
    With Bernoullis Equation, we get:
    Ideally

    However, in the case of real fluid flow, the flow rate will be expected to be less
    than that given by equation (1) because of frictional effects and consequent head
    loss between inlet and throat. Therefore,

    In practice, this non-ideality is accounted by insertion of an experimentally


    determined discharge coefficient (Cd) that is termed as the coefficient of
    discharge. With Z1 = Z2 in this apparatus, the discharge coefficient is:
    Qa
    C d=
    Qi

    Procedure:

    1. Connect the venture meter apparatus to the hydraulic bench and turn on
    the water supply pump with the inlet valve fully closed and the outlet
    valve fully open.
    2. Slowly open the inlet valve and allow the water to fill the venture meter,
    make sure that the manometer tubes are properly connected and free of
    air-bubbles.
    3. Adjust the discharge valve to a high measurable flow rate and after the
    level stabilizes, measure the water flow rate using volumetric method and
    record the manometers reading.
    4. Repeat step 1 to 3 with at least three decreasing flow rates by regulating
    the Venturi control valve.
    5. Obtain the actual flow rate, Qa from the volumetric flow measurement
    method.
    6. Calculate the ideal flow rate, Qi from the head difference between hA and
    hC using Eq. 1
    7. Plot Qa Vs Qi and finally obtain the discharge coefficient, Cd which is the
    slope.
    Observations:

    Actual Ideal
    Heights Change Flow Flow Discharge
    Time
    in rate rate Coefficien
    Sr. # Taken
    Volume Qa Qi t
    (s)
    hA hC -3 3
    x10 (m ) x10
    -4
    x10
    -4
    Cd
    3/ 3/
    (m s) (m s)
    1 0.258 0.049 9 22.0 4.09 4.4 0.92

    2 0.238 0.070 10 26.9 3.71 4.12 0.90

    3 0.221 0.077 11 31.2 3.52 4 0.89

    Graph and Conclusion:

    Chart Title
    4.2

    3.8
    Actual flowrate
    3.6

    3.4

    3.2
    3.95 4 4.05 4.1 4.15 4.2 4.25 4.3 4.35 4.4 4.45

    Ideal flowrate

    As we can see that due to various losses as discussed in the previous


    experiment, the ideal flow rate is always less than the actual flow rate. These
    losses include frictional losses and inaccuracies while determining the
    experimental values that include human errors (reaction time and parallax error
    etc).
    Since discharge co-efficient is a ratio of the actual to the ideal flow rate,
    its value will always be less than 1 in any real scenario, whereas it would be
    equal to 1 in an ideal world with no frictional losses and experimental
    inaccuracies.

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