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    Lecture 12 Trickling Filter

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    As Mih
    The document discusses attached growth processes for treating wastewater, specifically trickling filters. Trickling filters use a solid medium like rock or plastic to which microorganisms can attach and grow, treating wastewater as it trickles over the medium. There are two main types - low rate filters with low hydraulic and organic loading, and high rate filters with higher loading. Design considerations include surface area, media type, loading rates, recirculation ratios, and equations to determine required filter volume.

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    Lecture 12 Trickling Filter

    Uploaded by

    As Mih
    161 views7 pages
    The document discusses attached growth processes for treating wastewater, specifically trickling filters. Trickling filters use a solid medium like rock or plastic to which microorganisms can attach and grow, treating wastewater as it trickles over the medium. There are two main types - low rate filters with low hydraulic and organic loading, and high rate filters with higher loading. Design considerations include surface area, media type, loading rates, recirculation ratios, and equations to determine required filter volume.

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    Trickling Filter

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    The document discusses attached growth processes for treating wastewater, specifically trickling filters. Trickling filters use a solid medium like rock or plastic to which microorganisms can attach and grow, treating wastewater as it trickles over the medium. There are two main types - low rate filters with low hydraulic and organic loading, and high rate filters with higher loading. Design considerations include surface area, media type, loading rates, recirculation ratios, and equations to determine required filter volume.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    161 views7 pages

    Lecture 12 Trickling Filter

    Uploaded by

    As Mih
    The document discusses attached growth processes for treating wastewater, specifically trickling filters. Trickling filters use a solid medium like rock or plastic to which microorganisms can attach and grow, treating wastewater as it trickles over the medium. There are two main types - low rate filters with low hydraulic and organic loading, and high rate filters with higher loading. Design considerations include surface area, media type, loading rates, recirculation ratios, and equations to determine required filter volume.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    Attached growth process

    Attached growth processes utilize a solid medium upon which bacterial


    solids are accumulated in order to maintain a high population. The area
    available for such growth is an important design parameter, and a number of
    processes have been developed which attempt to maximize area as well as
    other rate limiting factors.
    Surface growth processes include intermittent sand filters, trickling filters,
    rotating biological contactors, and a variety of similar proprietary devices.

    Figure 1 Under drain of an intermittent sand filter

    Trickling Filters

    Packing material used in attached growth processes include rock, gravel,


    slag, sand, redwood, and a wide range of plastic and other synthetic
    materials.

    1
    Process Description

    The wastewater in trickling filter is distributed over the top area of a


    vessel containing non-submerged packing material.
    Air circulation in the void space, by either natural current or blowers,
    provides oxygen for the microorganisms growing as an attached
    biofilm.
    During operation, the organic material present in the wastewater is
    metabolised by the biomass attached to the medium. The biological
    slime grows in thickness as the organic matter abstracted from the
    flowing wastewater is synthesized into new cellular material.
    The thickness of the aerobic layer is limited by the depth of
    penetration of oxygen into the microbial layer.

    2
    The liquid then washes the slime off the medium and a new slime
    layer starts to grow. This phenomenon of losing the slime layer is
    called sloughing.
    The sloughed off film and treated wastewater are collected by an
    underdrainage which also allows circulation of air through filter. The
    collected liquid is passed to a settling tank used for solid- liquid
    separation.

    Types of Filters

    Trickling filters are classified as high rate or low rate, based on the organic
    and hydraulic loading applied to the unit as shown in Table 1.

    Table 1 Types of trickling filters

    Low Rate
    S.No. Design Feature High Rate Filter
    Filter

    Hydraulic loading,
    1. 1-4 10 - 40
    m3/m2.d

    Organic loading,kg
    2. 0.08 - 0.32 0.32 - 1.0
    3
    BOD / m .d
    3. Depth, m. 1.8 - 3.0 0.9 - 2.5

    0.5 - 3.0 (domestic wastewater)


    4. Recirculation ratio 0 upto 8 for strong industrial
    wastewater.

    3
    The hydraulic loading rate is the total flow including recirculation
    applied on unit area of the filter in a day, while the organic loading
    rate is the 5 day 20C BOD, excluding the BOD of the recirculant,
    applied per unit volume in a day.
    Recirculation is generally not adopted in low rate filters.
    A well operated low rate trickling filter in combination with
    secondary settling tank may remove 75 to 90% BOD and produce
    highly nitrified effluent. It is suitable for treatment of low to medium
    strength domestic wastewaters.
    The high rate trickling filter, single stage or two stages are
    recommended for medium to relatively high strength domestic and
    industrial wastewater. The BOD removal efficiency is around 75 to
    90% but the effluent is only partially nitrified.
    Single stage unit consists of a primary settling tank, filter, secondary
    settling tank and facilities for recirculation of the effluent. Two stage
    filters consist of two filters in series with a primary settling tank, an
    intermediate settling tank which may be omitted in certain cases and a
    final settling tank.

    Table 2 Physical properties of trickling filter media

    4
    Process Design

    Generally trickling filter design is based on empirical relationships to find


    the required filter volume for a designed degree of wastewater treatment.

    NRC equations:

    The design of trickling filters is based upon empirical or semi-empirical


    equations. These equations are applicable to both low rate and high rate
    filters. It may be applied to single- or two-stage systems and is:

    5
    6
    Solution:

    The filter system would probably consist of two units, each 750 m2 or 31 m
    in diameter, and suitable clarifiers.

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