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    Test For Gases: Gas Test and Test Results

    Uploaded by

    Khim Yang
    This document provides information on common chemical tests to identify gases, anions, and cations. For gases, common tests include the use of litmus paper, limewater, and burning splints to test for ammonia, carbon dioxide, chlorine, hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur dioxide. For anions, tests are described to identify carbonate, chloride, iodide, nitrate, and sulfate ions using silver nitrate, lead nitrate, sodium hydroxide, aluminum foil, and barium nitrate. Cations can be identified by their reactions with sodium hydroxide and ammonia to form precipitates, and tables are provided showing the results of these tests for common metal ions.

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    Test For Gases: Gas Test and Test Results

    Uploaded by

    Khim Yang
    131 views2 pages
    This document provides information on common chemical tests to identify gases, anions, and cations. For gases, common tests include the use of litmus paper, limewater, and burning splints to test for ammonia, carbon dioxide, chlorine, hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur dioxide. For anions, tests are described to identify carbonate, chloride, iodide, nitrate, and sulfate ions using silver nitrate, lead nitrate, sodium hydroxide, aluminum foil, and barium nitrate. Cations can be identified by their reactions with sodium hydroxide and ammonia to form precipitates, and tables are provided showing the results of these tests for common metal ions.

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    This document provides information on common chemical tests to identify gases, anions, and cations. For gases, common tests include the use of litmus paper, limewater, and burning splints to test for ammonia, carbon dioxide, chlorine, hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur dioxide. For anions, tests are described to identify carbonate, chloride, iodide, nitrate, and sulfate ions using silver nitrate, lead nitrate, sodium hydroxide, aluminum foil, and barium nitrate. Cations can be identified by their reactions with sodium hydroxide and ammonia to form precipitates, and tables are provided showing the results of these tests for common metal ions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    131 views2 pages

    Test For Gases: Gas Test and Test Results

    Uploaded by

    Khim Yang
    This document provides information on common chemical tests to identify gases, anions, and cations. For gases, common tests include the use of litmus paper, limewater, and burning splints to test for ammonia, carbon dioxide, chlorine, hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur dioxide. For anions, tests are described to identify carbonate, chloride, iodide, nitrate, and sulfate ions using silver nitrate, lead nitrate, sodium hydroxide, aluminum foil, and barium nitrate. Cations can be identified by their reactions with sodium hydroxide and ammonia to form precipitates, and tables are provided showing the results of these tests for common metal ions.

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    Test for Gases

    Gas Test and Test Results


    Ammonia (NH3) turns damp red litmus paper blue
    Carbon dioxide (CO2) gives white ppt with limewater, ppt dissolves with excess CO2
    Chlorine (Cl2) bleaches damp litmus paper
    Hydrogen (H2) produces "pop" sound with lighted splint
    Oxygen (O2) relights a glowing splint
    turns aqueous acidified potassium dichromate (VI) from orange to
    Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
    green

    Test for Anions

    Anion Test Test result


    Carbonate Effervescence, carbon dioxide
    Add dilute acid
    (CO32-) produced
    Chloride (Cl-) Acidify with dilute nitric acid, then
    White ppt
    (in solution) add aqueous silver nitrate
    Iodide (I-) Acidify with dilute nitric acid, then
    Yellow ppt
    (in solution) add aqueous lead(II) nitrate
    Add aqueous sodium hydroxide,
    nitrate (NO3-)
    then aluminium foil, warm Ammonia produced
    (in solution)
    carefully
    Sulfate (SO42-) Acidify with dilute nitric acid, then
    White ppt
    (in solution) add aqueous barium nitrate

    Colours of some metal hydroxides

    Metal hydroxide Colour


    calcium hydroxide white
    copper(II) hydroxide light blue
    iron(II) hydroxide green
    iron(III) hydroxide red-brown
    lead(II) hydroxide white
    zinc hydroxide white

    Source: SEAB
    Testing for cations
    Cations can be identified by their reactions with aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous
    ammonia
    A precipitate is an insoluble solid.
    When testing for cations, these precipitates only form when a metal ion in solution joins with
    hydroxide ions in solution to form an insoluble metal hydroxide
    o eg Cu2+ + 2OH- --> Cu(OH)2 (blue copper(II) hydroxide precipitate)

    Add dilute
    Add dilute NaOH Add excess dilute Add excess dilute
    Cation aqueous NH3 (5
    (5 drops) NaOH aqueous NH3
    drops)
    white ppt of ppt dissolves white ppt of
    3+
    Al aluminium colourless aluminium ppt insoluble
    hydroxide solution hydroxide
    white ppt of
    Ca2+ ppt insoluble no reaction no reaction
    calcium hydroxide
    blue ppt of blue ppt of
    2+ ppt dissolves
    Cu copper(II) ppt insoluble copper(II)
    deep blue solution
    hydroxide hydroxide
    dirty green ppt of dirty green ppt of
    Fe2+ ppt insoluble ppt insoluble
    iron(II) hydroxide iron(II) hydroxide
    red-brown ppt of red-brown ppt of
    Fe3+ ppt insoluble ppt insoluble
    iron(III) hydroxide iron(III) hydroxide
    ppt dissolves
    white ppt of white ppt of
    Pb2+ colourless ppt insoluble
    lead(II) hydroxide lead(II) hydroxide
    solution
    ppt dissolves
    white ppt of zinc white ppt of zinc ppt dissolves
    Zn2+ colourless
    hydroxide hydroxide colourless solution
    solution
    ammonia gas is
    produced on
    warming with
    dilute NaOH. This
    NH4+ ammonium - no reaction -
    gas has a pungent
    smell and turns
    moist red litmus
    paper blue
    [Lead(II) ions can be distinguished from aluminium ions by the insolubility of lead(II) chloride.]

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