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    WK 2 UD302 Noun Prefix

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    echx
    This document discusses noun prefixes in Kadazan Dusun, specifically the prefix "ko/ka...an". It provides examples of how this circumfix is used to change verb roots into nouns, guidelines for using "ko/ka" based on the initial sound of the root word, and exceptions due to vowel harmony. It also discusses changing roots beginning with "a", "o", "i", "u" to noun forms and the prefix "T-", where most Kadazan Dusun words beginning with T- are used as nouns.

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    WK 2 UD302 Noun Prefix

    Uploaded by

    echx
    34 views10 pages
    This document discusses noun prefixes in Kadazan Dusun, specifically the prefix "ko/ka...an". It provides examples of how this circumfix is used to change verb roots into nouns, guidelines for using "ko/ka" based on the initial sound of the root word, and exceptions due to vowel harmony. It also discusses changing roots beginning with "a", "o", "i", "u" to noun forms and the prefix "T-", where most Kadazan Dusun words beginning with T- are used as nouns.

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    Wk 2 UD302 Noun Prefix

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    This document discusses noun prefixes in Kadazan Dusun, specifically the prefix "ko/ka...an". It provides examples of how this circumfix is used to change verb roots into nouns, guidelines for using "ko/ka" based on the initial sound of the root word, and exceptions due to vowel harmony. It also discusses changing roots beginning with "a", "o", "i", "u" to noun forms and the prefix "T-", where most Kadazan Dusun words beginning with T- are used as nouns.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    34 views10 pages

    WK 2 UD302 Noun Prefix

    Uploaded by

    echx
    This document discusses noun prefixes in Kadazan Dusun, specifically the prefix "ko/ka...an". It provides examples of how this circumfix is used to change verb roots into nouns, guidelines for using "ko/ka" based on the initial sound of the root word, and exceptions due to vowel harmony. It also discusses changing roots beginning with "a", "o", "i", "u" to noun forms and the prefix "T-", where most Kadazan Dusun words beginning with T- are used as nouns.

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    You are on page 1of 10

    UD302

    KD Level 3
    Veronica P. Atin 10/1/2017

    Noun Prefixes
    10/1/2017

    Ko/ka...an
    Some KD words with the circumfix (imbuhan
    awalan dan akhiran) ko...an are nouns
    The function of ko...an is almost the same as the
    Malay ke...an

    Korikatan = arrival [root word: rikot]


    Ketibaan (M) = arrival
    10/1/2017

    Try changing these roots to noun with


    ko/ka...an, ko/ka...on
    1. Gumu (many)
    2. akan(eat)
    3. Ongoi (go)
    4. Bobog (hit)
    5. Tambalut (friend)
    6. unsikou
    10/1/2017

    Answers
    1. Gumu (many) kogumuan [kebanyakan]
    2. Akan (eat) kaakanan [time to eat, reason for
    eating]
    3. Ongoi (go) - kaangaian [reason for going]
    4. Bobog (hit) - kababagan [reason for hitting]
    5. Tambalut (friend) koombolutan [friends]
    6. Unsikou (grateful)- kounsikahan
    [thankfulness]
    10/1/2017

    Some guidelines of uses:

    For ko/ka...an:
    If the first syllable of a word starts with /a/- the
    circumfix is kaan
    If the first syllable of a word starts with either /o,
    i, u/ the circumfix is koan
    10/1/2017

    Examples/Poombitanan:
    Gumu = kogumuan /kebanyakan
    Walai = kawalaian/perumahan
    Sumandak = kosumandakan/gadis-gadis
    Tondu= koonduan/kaum wanita
    Kusai= kokusaian/kaum lelaki
    Inggorit- koinggoritan/kesengsaraan
    Watu kowotuan/kawasan berbatu
    10/1/2017

    Some exceptions due to vowel


    harmony on the language sound:
    When a word begins in the vowel o in the first
    syllable and followed by another vowel o in the
    second syllable, the circumfix ka...an is used,
    and all the vowels become a.

    Example:
    Ongoi (go) = kaangaian (reason for going)
    Omot (harvest) = kaamatan (end of harvest)
    Topot (true) = katapatan (truth)
    10/1/2017

    Vowel Harmony
    If the first syllable is /a/ (or when the first two syllables are
    /a/), and the last syllable is /u/, we use k0...an
    Watu = kowotuan
    This is due to a phenomenon called vowel harmony in KD, in
    which the sound [o] cannot follow the sound [a]. Thus, the
    sound that violates the rule needs to follow the adjescent (next
    to it) prefix sound .
    Ko- watu-an > ko-wotu-an
    In this case, vowel harmony happens from left to right.
    Reminder: having a syllable with the vowel o following
    another syllable with the vowel a is against the sound rule of
    KD
    10/1/2017

    Vowel Harmony (contd)


    In the case of a root word having two syllables
    containing the vowel [o], harmony starts from
    right to left because the sounds that go against
    the rule are [o] in the last syllable of the root
    word and [a] in the suffix an.
    Omot
    step 1 a step 2 a step 3 a
    Ko- omot-an > ko-omat-an > ko-amatan
    = kaamatan
    10/1/2017

    The prefix T-
    Most words that begin with a T- in KD are used
    as nouns

    Anak (child) = tanak


    Isio nopo nga tanak ku
    I tanak ku nopo nga osuau
    Ulun (person) = tulun
    Tulun tokou ngaawi do Malaysia

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