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Mark Scheme (Results)

October 2016

Pearson Edexcel International GCE

in Chemistry (WPH02) Paper 1
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October 2016
Publications Code WPH02_01_1610_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
Pearson Education Ltd 2016
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General Marking Guidance

All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must

mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark
the last.
Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be
rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than
penalised for omissions.
Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not
according to their perception of where the grade boundaries may
lie.
There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark
scheme should be used appropriately.
All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.
Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the
answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be
prepared to award zero marks if the candidates response is not
worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide
the principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification
may be limited.
When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the
mark scheme to a candidates response, the team leader must be
consulted.
Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has
replaced it with an alternative response.

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Physics Specific Marking Guidance

Underlying principle
The mark scheme will clearly indicate the concept that is being rewarded, backed
up by
examples. It is not a set of model answers.
For example:
Horizontal force of hinge on table top
66.3 (N) or 66 (N) and correct indication of direction [no ue]
[Some examples of direction: acting from right (to left) / to the left / West /
opposite direction to horizontal. May show direction by arrow. Do not accept a
minus sign in front of number as direction.]
This has a clear statement of the principle for awarding the mark, supported by
some
examples illustrating acceptable boundaries.
Mark scheme format
Bold lower case will be used for emphasis.
Round brackets ( ) indicate words that are not essential e.g. (hence) distance is
increased.
Square brackets [ ] indicate advice to examiners or examples e.g. [Do not accept
gravity] [ecf].
Unit error penalties
A separate mark is not usually given for a unit but a missing or incorrect unit will
normally cause the final calculation mark to be lost.
Incorrect use of case e.g. Watt or w will not be penalised.
There will be no unit penalty applied in show that questions or in any other
question
where the units to be used have been given.
The same missing or incorrect unit will not be penalised more than once within
one
question but may be penalised again in another question.
Occasionally, it may be decided not to penalise a missing or incorrect unit e.g. the
candidate may be calculating the gradient of a graph, resulting in a unit that is not
one
that should be known and is complex.
The mark scheme will indicate if no unit error penalty is to be applied by means of
[no
ue].
Significant figures
Use of an inappropriate number of significant figures in the theory papers will
normally
only be penalised in show that questions where use of too few significant figures
has
resulted in the candidate not demonstrating the validity of the given answer.
Use of an inappropriate number of significant figures will normally be penalised in
the
practical examinations or coursework.
Using g = 10 m s-2 will be penalised.
Calculations
Bald (i.e. no working shown) correct answers score full marks unless in a show
that
question.

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Rounding errors will not be penalised.

If a show that question is worth 2 marks then both marks will be available for a
reverse working; if it is worth 3 marks then only 2 will be available.
use of the formula means that the candidate demonstrates substitution of
physically
correct values, although there may be conversion errors e.g. power of 10 error.
recall of the correct formula will be awarded when the formula is seen or implied
by
substitution.
The mark scheme will show a correctly worked answer for illustration only.

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Question Answer Mark

Number
1 D Voltmeters are always connected in parallel and have a very 1
high resistance

Incorrect Answers:
A Both statements are incorrect; voltmeters are connected in
parallel with a high resistance
B One incorrect statement; voltmeters are connected in parallel
C One incorrect statement; the voltmeters resistance is very high

1
2 B Using I = nAvq with n,q and I constant gives 1

Incorrect Answers:
A - This is the wrong ratio
C - This has the correct numbers but wrong ratio
D - This has the wrong ratio

3 C Equates to a quarter of a wavelength path difference with

=6 1
4
cm. Option C is the only one with a difference of 6 cm from 24 cm.

Incorrect Answers:
A The distance is not a difference of 6cm from 24cm
B - The distance is not a difference of 6cm from 24cm
D - The distance is not a difference of 6cm from 24cm

4 C Resistance increases proportionally with temperature and 1

resistance is not 0 at 0 .

Incorrect Answers:
A Resistance is decreasing with temperature; it should increase
proportionally
B Resistance remains constant with temperature; it should
increase proportionally
D Resistance is 0 at 0; this is incorrect

J
5 C Using = rearranges to = so C = . 1
V

Incorrect Answers:
A This is volts
B This is an incorrect rearranging of Q=It
D This is ampere

6 A Waves travel more slowly in shallow water shown by the waves 1

bunching up. Frequency does not change.

Incorrect Answers:
B- They do not travel more quickly; the wave speed decreases
C- They do not have a lower frequency; frequency remains constant
D- They do not have a higher frequency; frequency remains
constant

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7 B Half a wavelength between a compression and rarefaction so 1

half a time Period.

Incorrect Answers:
A t must be half the period T
C t must be half the period T
D t must be half the period T

8 A Doppler Effect so observed frequency is less than emitted 1

frequency when source is moving away. Observed amplitude
decreases as distance increases.

Incorrect Answers:
B This contains one incorrect statement; frequency should
decrease
C- This contains one incorrect statement; amplitude should
decrease
D Both statements are inccorect; amplitude and frequency both
decrease

9 A The only correct statement is diffraction can be used to 1

demonstrate the wave property of electrons

Incorrect Answers:
B It is not correct that diffraction only occurs when the size of the
gap is equal to wavelength
C It is not correct that microwaves show more significant
diffractions around hills than radio waves
D It is not correct that sound waves cannot be diffracted

10 D emf is determined from the y-axis and the magnitude of r is 1

determined directly from the gradient

Incorrect Answers:
A Both statements are incorrect
B The statement regarding r is incorrect; r is determined by
magnitude of the gradient
C The statement regarding e.m.f is incorrect; e.m.f is determined
by the y-intercept

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Question Answer Mark

Number

11 Use of = (1)

Use of = 2 (1)

= 0.51 m (1) 3

Example of calculation

2
0.23 103 m
A= = 4.15 108 m2
2

6.0 4.2 108 m2

= = 0.51 m
4.9 107 m

Total for question 11 3

Question Answer Mark

Number
12(a) Either
Oscillations/vibrations are in single/one plane (not just a) (1)

Which includes direction of energy transfer

Or which includes direction of propagation (of wave) (1)

Or
Oscillations/vibrations are in single/one direction (not just a)
(1)
Which is perpendicular to direction of energy transfer
Or Which is perpendicular to direction of propagation (of the wave)
(1) 2

12(b)
The light from the screen is polarised (may be stated anywhere) (1)

In landscape the (polarised) light from the screen has the same
orientation as the sunglasses
Or Screen looks bright when light is parallel to filter
(do not credit if the screen is parallel to light)
(1)

As it is rotated from landscape to portrait the magnitude of

the component of the light parallel to the (plane of polarisation of) the
sunglasses decreases
(1)

In portrait mode the (polarised) light from the screen is perpendicular

to the sunglasses
Or Screen looks dark when light is perpendicular to filter

(1) 4

Total for question 12 6

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Question Answer Mark

Number
*13 (QWC work must be clear and organised in a logical
manner using technical terminology where appropriate)
Electrons/atoms exist in discrete/fixed/certain energy levels (1)
(Do not accept particle)

Electron/atom gains (sufficient) energy to move up energy levels Or

energy gained to raise electron/atom above ground state (1)

An (excited) electron (is unstable and) falls back down emitting a

photon (1)
(Do not accept an electron emitting photons)

With a wavelength/frequency corresponding to the difference in the

energy levels
Or reference to E=hf or (1)
5
So only certain wavelengths / frequencies are emitted (1)

Total for question 13 5

Question Answer Mark

Number
14(a) Refers to E=hf / Energy of photon proportional to frequency (1)

(When frequency greater than f 0 ) the energy of the photon exceeds

the work function (for zinc) (1)

Electron is emitted/released (from the plate/metal/surface leaving the

plate positively charged) (1)
(MP3 dependent on MP2) 3
(no mention of photons or quanta of energy gains 0)
14(b) One photon interacts with one electron (1)

Increasing the intensity increases the number of photons per second

(releasing more photoelectrons) (1) 2

14(c) (UV) absorbed by cells in skin Or (UV) causes damage to cells

Or (UV) damages eyes/retina Or causes cataracts (1)
1
Total for question 14 6

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Question Answer Mark

Number
15(a) Either
Use of = (1)
Recognises that current divides 2:1 (1)
= 20 and = 10 (1)

Use of = (to find total resistance)
1 1 1
Use of = + and = 2 (1)

(1)
= 20 and = 10
(1) 3
Example of calculation
6
= 0.9 = 20
3

20
= = 10
2

15(b) Use of = with = + allow ecf from (a) (1)

I = 0.20 A (1) 2

Example of calculation
6
= = 0.20 A
(20+10)

15(c) Either
2 (1)
Reference to = recognising V is constant

(1)
So greater R gives lower P and bulb is less bright

Or
(1)
Reference to = recognising V is constant
(1)
So I is smaller through greater R so lower P and less bright

Or

Reference to = 2 recognising that I is greater in Y

(1)
So greater power in Y as 2 increase has a greater effect than R
(1)
increase
2
(Accept converse arguments with respect to Y being brighter)
2
(Accept answers in respect of energy W=VIt, W= or = 2 t)

(Accept correct calculations of power with conclusion)
(No reference to power or energy gains 0)
Total for question 15 7

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Question Answer Mark

Number
16(a) Use of = and =

Or = (1)

Converts eV to J
(1)
= 5.7 107 m
(1) 3
Example of Calculation
6.631034 Js 3.0108 m s1
= = 5.65 107 m
2.2 eV 1.61019 C

16(b) Use of = and = to calculate energy from Sun (135 kJ or 37

Wh) (1)
Multiply energy/power of Sun by 25 % (1)
(1)
Use of = with P=1.5 (W)
(1) 4
= 6.2 (hours)

Example of Calculation

= 1300 W m2 0.25 3.6 103 m2 8 h = 9.36 (Wh)

9.36 Wh
= = 6.2 (hours)
1.5 W

Total for question 16 7

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Question Answer Mark

Number

17(a)(i) Use of = with = (3.5 4.0) 0.02 103 s (1)

Correct use of factor of 2 (1)
= 0.06 m (1) 3

Example of Calculation
= 1500 m s 1 0.5 4.0 0.02 103 s = 0.06 m

17(a)(ii) (The second pulse) has travelled a greater distance (so greater
reduction in energy)
Or energy absorbed as pulse travels through heart (1)
(assume they are referring to second pulse unless they say
otherwise)

Reduction in energy due to reflection (1) 2

17(b) Frequency of emitted and received pulses

Or the change in frequency (1) 1

Total for question 17 6

Question Answer Mark

Number
18(a) For total internal reflection to occur (1) 1

18(b) Use of 1 2 =
sin
with = 90 (1)
sin
(1)
Use of = 90
= 8 (1) 3

Example of Calculation
= sin1 0.99 = 81.9
= 90 82 = 8

18(c) Laser emits a smaller range of wavelengths

Or LED emits a wider range of wavelengths
(Not laser has a shorter wavelength)
(1)
The idea that the pulses in the LED will arrive at different times
Or for laser any time/speed differences are small/negligible
Or the range of speeds is greater in the LED
(1)
Output signal more dispersed spread out with LED
Or sharper signal achieved with laser
(1) 3

Total for question 18 7

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Question Answer Mark

Number
19(a) Oscillations/vibrations of (air) particles/molecules/atoms (1)

Oscillations/vibrations/displacement parallel to direction of

propagation Or Oscillations/vibrations/displacement parallel to
direction of energy transfer (1)

(Producing) compressions and rarefactions

Or regions of high and low pressure
Or it is a longitudinal wave
(1) 3
*19(b)(i) (QWC work must be clear and organised in a logical
manner using technical terminology where appropriate)

Max 4

Waves (from the two prongs) are superposing/interfering

(If clearly writing about standing waves do not award this mark)
(1)
Prongs are coherent sources
(1)
Constructive interference where waves meet in phase,
Or constructive interference where path difference n
(1)
Destructive interference where waves meet in antiphase (not out of
phase)
Or destructive interference where path difference (n+12) (1)

Constructive interference produces maximum amplitude 4

Or destructive interference produces minimum amplitude (1)

19(b)(ii) Wavefronts/waves further apart

Or greater distance between constructive / destructive interference (1) 1

19(c)(i) Use of = (1)

Use of = 4 (1)
= 259 Hz (1) 3

Example of Calculation
330 m s 1
= = 259 Hz
4 3.18 101 m

19(c)(ii) Length measured too small (due to added distance between end of
tube and antinode )
Or reference to end correction
Or Temperature of air lower than expected causing v to be higher
(1) 1
(do not accept an incorrect measurement of length)
Total for question 19 12

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Question Answer Mark

Number
20(a)(i) Either
Resistance of leads is much smaller than the resistance of thermistor
(accept resistance of leads is too/very small)
Or does a %U calculation
(1)
Error is negligible
Or Error can be ignored/neglected
Or Error is more significant for smaller values of resistance
Or Error is small compared to the resistance of the thermistor
(1)
Or
error is a systematic error
1.8 removed from each reading (1)
(1) 2
20(a)(ii) Max 2

Synchronous readings taken Or both readings can be taken at the

same time (1)

More readings can be obtained in a given time

Or the rate of readings can be greater (1)

Avoids parallax errors

(1)
Precision of thermometer +/- 1 degree and precision of sensor 0.1
degree) (1) 2

(Do not accept plots a graph, more precise, repeating, reaction time,
reduces human error)
20(b)(i) Resistance decreases as temp increases (1)

(An increase in temp) increases the number of charge carriers

Or (An increase in temp) increases the number of (free) electrons (1)

Reference to I=nAvq linking n increase to I increase

Or the idea of the effect of the charge carrier increase being greater
than the effect of collisions from increased lattice vibrations
(1) 3

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20(b)(ii) Either
Uses graph to find resistance of thermistor at 24 (540 550 ()) (1)
Recognises V T =12 4.5 (V) (1)
Uses V T =IR using (1)
R = 324 - 330 (1)

Or
Uses graph to find resistance of thermistor at 24 (540 550 ())
Recognises V T =12 4.5 (V) (1)

Uses = (1)

R =324 - 330 (1)
(1) 4
(Accept use of potential divider equation)

Example of Calculation
550 4.5 V
R=
7.5 V

Total for question 20 11

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