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    BEE2123 TUT1 - Error Solution

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    This document contains 10 problems related to error measurement and calculations involving resistors, currents, voltages, and temperatures. The problems involve calculating maximum and minimum values accounting for measurement errors or component tolerances. Key steps include determining individual errors, adding errors in quadrature, and specifying the overall accuracy of a calculation.

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    BEE2123 TUT1 - Error Solution

    Uploaded by

    WatashiNo
    5K views14 pages
    This document contains 10 problems related to error measurement and calculations involving resistors, currents, voltages, and temperatures. The problems involve calculating maximum and minimum values accounting for measurement errors or component tolerances. Key steps include determining individual errors, adding errors in quadrature, and specifying the overall accuracy of a calculation.

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    BEE2123 TUT1_Error Solution

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    This document contains 10 problems related to error measurement and calculations involving resistors, currents, voltages, and temperatures. The problems involve calculating maximum and minimum values accounting for measurement errors or component tolerances. Key steps include determining individual errors, adding errors in quadrature, and specifying the overall accuracy of a calculation.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    5K views14 pages

    BEE2123 TUT1 - Error Solution

    Uploaded by

    WatashiNo
    This document contains 10 problems related to error measurement and calculations involving resistors, currents, voltages, and temperatures. The problems involve calculating maximum and minimum values accounting for measurement errors or component tolerances. Key steps include determining individual errors, adding errors in quadrature, and specifying the overall accuracy of a calculation.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    You are on page 1of 14

    BEE 2123

    TUTORIAL 1
    ERROR MEASUREMENT SOLUTION

    1. A batch of resistors that each have a


    nominal resistance of 330 Ω are to be
    tested and classified as ±5% and ±10%
    components. Calculate the maximum
    and minimum absolute resistance for
    each case.

    Answer:
    330 ± 5 % = 330 ± 16.5Ω
    330 ± 10% = 330 ± 33Ω

    then, 330 + 16.5 = 346.5Ω


    330 – 16.5 =313.5Ω
    330 + 33 = 363Ω
    330 – 33 = 297Ω

    2. The resistors in Problem 1 are


    specified at 25°C, and their temperature
    coefficient is –300ppm/°C. Calculate the
    1
    maximum and minimum resistance for
    these components at 100°C.

    Answer:
    T = 25° C, R = 330Ω ± 5%

    R max = 346.5Ω
    R min = 313.5Ω

    ∆R/ °C:

    at R max, 346.5 x (–300/1,000,000 ) =


    -0.10395 Ω /°C

    at R min, 313.5 x (–300/1,000,000 ) =


    -0.09405 Ω /°C

    ∆T = 100 –25 = 75 °C

    ∆R Total:

    at R max, ∆ R = 0.10395 x 75 =
    -7.79625ohm

    at R min, ∆ R = 0.09405 x 75 =
    -7.05375ohm

    2
    R max at 100 °C: R + ∆ R = 346.5Ω
    -7.79625ohm= 338.7Ω
    R min at 100 °C is R + ∆ R = 313.5Ω
    -7.05375ohm = 306.4Ω

    3. Three of the resistors referred to in


    Problem 1 are connected in series. One
    has a ±5% tolerance, and the other two
    are ±10%. Calculate the maximum and
    minimum values of the total resistances.
    Answer:

    ( R1 ± ∆ R1) + (R2 ± ∆ R2 ) + ( R3 ± ∆ R3 )
    = ( R1 + R2 + R3 ) ± (∆ R1 + ∆ R2 +
    ∆ R3)
    = ( 330 ± 5% ) Ω +( 330 ± 10% ) Ω +
    ( 330 ± 10% ) Ω
    = (330 + 330 + 330) ± (16.5 + 33 + 33)
    Ω
    = 990 ± 82.5 Ω

    RTmax= 1072.5 Ω and RTmin


    = 907.5 Ω

    3
    4. A dc power supply provides
    currents to four electronic circuits. The
    currents are 37 mA, 42 mA, 13 mA and
    6.7 mA. The first two are measured with
    an accuracy of ±3%, and the other two
    are measured with ±1% accuracy.
    Determine the maximum and minimum
    levels of the total supply current.

    Answer:
    I1 = 37 ± 3% mA

    I2 = 42 ± 3% mA

    I3 = 13 ± 1% mA

    I4 = 6.7 ± 1% mA

    I1 + I2 + I3 + I4 = ( I1 + I2 + I3 + I4 ) ±
    (∆ I1 + ∆ I2 + ∆ I3 +∆ I4)

    = 37 + 42 + 13 + 6.7 ± (1.11 + 1.26 +


    0.13 + 0.067) mA

    ITmax = 98.7 + 2.567 mA = 101.267 mA


    4
    ITmin = 98.7 - 2.567 mA = 96.13 mA

    5. Two currents from a different sources


    flow in opposite directions through a
    resistor. I1 is measured as 79 mA on a
    100 mA analog instrument with an
    accuracy of ±3% of full scale. I2,
    determined as 31 mA, is measured on a
    digital instrument with a ±100 µA
    accuracy. Calculate the maximum and
    minimum levels of the current in R1.

    Answer:
    3% FSD x 100mA = 3mA

    then , I1 = 79 ± 3mA

    I2 = 31 mA ± 100µ A
    = 31 ± 0.1 mA

    so,

    5
    I1 – I2 = (I1 ± ∆ I1) – ( I2 ± ∆ I2 ) = ( I1 –
    I2 ) ± (∆ I1 + ∆ I2) = ( 79 – 31 ) ± ( 3
    + 0.1) mA
    = 48 ± 3.1 mA

    ITmax = 51.1 mA ITmax = 44.9 mA

    6. The voltages at opposite ends of a 470


    Ω ±5% resistor are measured as V1 = 12
    V and V2 = 5 V. The measuring
    accuracies are ±0.5 V for V1 and ±2%
    for V2. Calculate the level of current in
    the resistor, and specify its accuracy.

    Answer:
    V1 = 12 ± 0.5 V V2 =
    5 ± 2% V

    R1 = 470 ± 5%

    then,

    V (12V ±
    0.5V) – (5V ± 2%)
    6
    I = ---- =
    ----------------------------------
    R 470
    ± 5% Ω

    7± ( 0.5 + 0.1) V
    = -------------------
    470 ± 5% Ω
    7± 8.57% V
    = -------------------
    470 ± 5% Ω

    X = A/B  % error X = ± (% error A


    + % error B)
    I = 0.01489 ± ( 8.57% + 5%) A
    = 14.89 ± 13.57% mA

    7. A resistor R1 has a potential difference


    of 25 V across its terminals, and a
    current of 63 mA. The voltage is
    measured on a 30 V analog instrument
    with an accuracy of ±5% of full scale.
    The current is measured on a digital
    instrument with a ±1 mA accuracy.
    7
    Calculate the resistance of R1 and
    specify its tolerance.

    Answer:
    Voltage error:
    5% x 30V = 1.5V
    Potential difference across the resistor:
    25± 1.5 V = 25 ± 6%

    63 ± 1 mA

    25 ± 6%
    R1

    V 25V ± 6%
    V
    R = ---- = ---------------
    I 63 ±
    1.59% mA

    8
    = 396.83 ±
    7.59% Ω

    8. A 470 Ω ±10% resistor has a potential


    difference of 12 V across its terminals. If
    the voltage is measured with an
    accuracy of ±6%, determine the power
    dissipation in the resistor, and specify
    the accuracy of the result.

    Answer:

    12 ± 6% V
    470± 10% Ω

    V2 (12V ± 6%
    V)2
    P = ---- = ---------------
    R 470 ±
    10% Ω

    9
    V2 144
    P = ---- = ---------- =
    0.306 W
    R 470

    X=A/B, % error X= ± (% error A + %


    error B)
    X=AB , % error X = ± B(% error A)

    % ∆ P = ± (2(6) +10) % = ±
    22% W

    P = 0.306 ± 22% W

    9. The output voltage from a precision 12


    V power supply, monitored at intervals
    over a period of time, produced the
    following readings: V1 = 12.001 V, V2 =
    11.999 V, V3 = 11.998 V, V4 = 12.003 V,
    V5 = 12.002 V, V6 = 11.997 V, V7 =
    12.002 V, V8 = 12.003 V, V9 = 11.998 V
    and V10 = 11.997 V. Calculate the
    average voltage level, the mean
    10
    deviation, the standard deviation, and
    the probable error in the measured
    voltage at any time.

    Vi d= V- D2
    Vi 
    1 12.001 0.001 0.0000
    01
    2 11.999 0.001 0.0000
    01
    3 11.998 0.002 0.0000
    04
    4 12.003 0.003 0.0000
    09
    5 12.002 0.002 0.0000
    04
    6 11.997 0.003 0.0000
    09
    7 12.002 0.002 0.0000
    04
    8 12.003 0.003 0.0000
    09
    9 11.998 0.002 0.0000
    04
    1 11.997 0.003 0.0000
    0 09
    ∑ 120.00 0.022 0.0000
    0 54
    11
    V = ∑ Vi /n = 120.00/10 = 12.000 V

    D = ∑ V- Vi/n = 0.022/10 = 2.2 mV

    σ = √ (∑ d2 /n) = √ 0.000054/10 =
    2.32 mV

    Voltage error probability = 2.32 x


    0.6745 = 1.57

    10. Successive measurements of the


    temperature of a liquid over a period of
    time produced the following data: T1 =
    25.05°C, T2 = 25.02°C, T3 = 25.03°C, T4 =
    25.07°C, T5 = 25.55°C, T6 = 25.06°C, T7 =
    25.04°C, T8 = 25.05°C, T9 = 25.07°C, T10 =
    25.03°C, T11 = 25.02°C, T12 = 25.04°C, T13
    = 25.02°C, T14 = 25.03°C and T15 =
    25.05°C. Determine the average
    temperature, the mean deviation from
    average, the standard deviation, and the
    probable measurement error.

    12
    ti d= ti- d2
    t
    1 25.0 0.02 0.00
    5 04
    2 25.0 0.05 0.00
    2 25
    3 25.0 0.04 0.00
    3 16
    4 25.0 0.00 0.00
    7 00
    5 25.5 0.48 0.23
    5 04
    6 25.0 0.02 0.00
    5 04
    7 25.0 0.03 0.00
    4 09
    8 25.0 0.02 0.00
    5 04
    9 25.0 0.00 0.00
    7 00
    1 25.0 0.04 0.00
    0 3 16
    1 25.0 0.05 0.00
    1 2 25
    1 25.0 0.03 0.00
    2 4 09
    1 25.0 0.05 0.00
    3 2 25
    1 25.0 0.04 0.00
    13
    4 3 16
    1 25.0 0.02 0.00
    5 5 04
    376. 0.89 0.24
    ∑ 12 86
    t = ∑ ti / n = 376.12/15 = 25.07

    D = ∑ ti- t/n = 0.89/15 = 0.059 mV

    σ = √ (∑ d2 /n) = √ 0.2461/15 =
    0.128

    Temperature error probability = 0.128


    x 0.6745 = 0.087

    14

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