OTN Framing

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This animation video describes the basic knowledge of OTN overheads.

 OTN Interface Structure

Mapping & Multiplexing

Frame Structure &Overhead

The optical transport module-n (OTM-n) is the information structure used to support
OTN interfaces.
 OTN Interface Structure: Basic Structure
Client signal

OPUk

ODUk

Two OTM-n structures are defined

OTUkV OTUk OTUkV OTUk

OCh OCh
OTM OTM
interfaces with interfaces with
full reduced
OMSn
functionality functionality
OPSn

OTSn

Full functionality Reduced functionality

(OTM-n.m ) (OTM-0.m ,OTM-nr.m)

Two OTM-n structures are defined:

OTM interfaces with full functionality (OTM-n.m)
OTM interfaces with reduced functionality (OTM-0.m, OTM-nr.m)
 OTN Interface Structure: Full Functionality
Full functionality Clientsignal
Client signal
(OTM-n.m
(OTM-n.m ) )
OPUk OPUkOH
OPUk OH OPUk
OPUkpayload
payload

ODUk path ODUk

ODUk PMOH
PM OH OPUk
OPUk

ODUk tandem connection ODUk

ODUkTCM
TCM OH
OH ODUkP
ODUkP

OTUk [V]section OTUk[V]OH

OTUk[V] OH ODUkT
ODUkT OTUk[V]FEC
OTUk[V] FEC

OCh OCh OH Ochpayload

Och payload
OCCo
OCCo

OCCo

OCCo

OCCo

OCG-n.m OCCp
OCCp OCCp
OCCp OCCp
OCCp OCCp
OCCp OCCp
OCCp

OMU-n.m OMSnpayload
payload
OMSn OH OMSn
COMMS
OTM

OTM-n.m
OTSn OH OTSnpayload
OTSn payload
oos
OTM with full functionality: OTM-n.m comprises one OTM overhead signal (OOS) and a
maximum of n multiplexed optical channels.
OTN Interface Structure: Reduced Functionality
Reduced
functionality
(OTM-0.m )
Client signal

It’s the OPUk OPUk OH OPUk payload

same as
OTM-n.m
ODUk path ODUk PM OH OPUk

ODUk tandem connection ODUk TCM OH ODUkP

OTUk [V] section OTUk[V] OH ODUkT OTUk[V] FEC

OChr Och payload

OTM-0.m OPS0

Just one OCh.

No OOS.

OTM with reduced functionality does not support OOS overheads. The information
structure of OTM with reduced functionality is used to support the connections at the
optical physical section (OPS) layer in the OTN.
OTN Interface Structure: Reduced Functionality
Reduced
functionality
(OTM-nr.m )
Client signal

It’s the same OPUk OPUk OH OPUk payload

as OTM-n.m

ODUk path ODUk PM OH OPUk

ODUk tandem connection ODUk TCM OH ODUkP

OTUk [V] section OTUk[V] OH ODUkT OTUk[V] FEC

OCh Och payload

No OOS
OCG-nr.m OCCp OCCp OCCp OCCp OCCp

OTM-nr.m OPSn

OTM-nr.m: comprises a maximum of n multiplexed optical channels.

 OTN Interface Structure

Mapping & Multiplexing

Frame Structure &Overhead

WDM products support the multiplexing structures and mapping paths (including
wavelength and time division multiplexing) of various information structures for the OTM.
Page 7
Mapping & Multiplexing: OTUk -> OTM
OCCr x 1 OChr

1 x1
xh
OTM-0.m OCCr x 1 OChr x1 OTUCn
xl [V]
x1
1≤i+j+k+l+h ≤n x i OCCr OChr
x1 OTU4[V]
Mapping&
OTM-nr.m OCG-nr.m OCCr x 1 OChr multiplexing Client
xj x1 (Client –> signal
OTU3[V]
OCCr x 1 OChr x1 OTUk/OTUCn)
xk
x1 x1
OCC x 1 OCh x 1 OTU2[V]
xh
1≤i+j+k+l+h ≤n
OCC x 1 OCh
xl x1 OTU1[V]

OCC x 1 OCh
OTM-n.m OCG-n.m xi Following pages
x1 x1 will provide more
x j OCC OCh details
x1
x k OCC OCh x 1

OSC OOS

Client signals are mapped to OTUk/OTUCn and OCh in sequence and then to OTM.
Page 8
Mapping & Multiplexing: Client->OTU1[v]

ODU1 OPU1 Client

(L) (L) signal

x1 x1 x2
OCh OTU1[V] ODU1 OPU1 x 1 ODTUG1 ODTU01 ODU0(L) x 1 OPU0(L) x 1 Client
(H) (H) signal

Client signals are mapped to OPUk, ODUk, and OTUk in sequence and then to OCh.
Page 9
Mapping & Multiplexing: Client->OTU2[v]

x1 Client
ODU2 x 1 OPU2 signal
(L) (L)
x4 x1 x 1 Client
ODTU12 ODU1(L) OPU1(L) signal

x1 x1 x 1 Client
OCh x 1 OTU2 ODU2 OPU2 x 1 ODTUG2 x 8 ODTU2.1 ODU0(L)
x1
OPU0(L)
[V] (H) (H) signal

x 8/ts ODUflex x 1 OPUflex x 1 Client

ODTU2.ts (L) (L) signal

Client signals are mapped to OPUk, ODUk, and OTUk in sequence and then to OCh.
Page 10
Mapping & Multiplexing: Client->OTU3[v]

x1 x1 Client
ODU3 OPU3 signal
(L) (L)
x 1 Client
x 16 ODTU13 ODU1(L) x 1 OPU1(L) signal

x1 Client
OCh x 1 OTU3 ODU3 OPU3 x 1 x4
ODTU23 ODU2(L)
x 1 OPU2(L) x 1
[V] (H) (H) signal

Client
ODTUG3 x 3 ODTU3.9 ODU2e(L) x 1 OPU2e(L) x 1 signal

x 32 Client
ODTU3.1 ODU0(L) x 1 OPU0(L) x 1 signal

x 32/ts
x1 x 1 Client
ODTU3.ts ODUflex(L) OPUflex(L) signal

Client signals are mapped to OPUk, ODUk, and OTUk in sequence and then to OCh.
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Mapping & Multiplexing: Client->OTU4[v]

x1 Client
ODU4 x 1 OPU4 signal
(L) (L)
x2 x1 x1 Client
ODTU4.31 ODU3(L) OPU3(L) signal

x1 x 10 x1 x1 Client
OCh x 1 OTU4 ODU4 OPU4 x 1 ODTU4.8 ODU2(L) OPU2(L) signal
[V] (H) (H)
x 10 Client
ODTU4.8 ODU2e(L) x 1 OPU2e(L) x 1 signal

ODTUG4 Client
x 40
ODTU4.2 ODU1(L) x 1 OPU1 (L) x 1 signal

x 80 Client
ODTU4.1 ODU0(L) x 1 OPU0 (L) x 1 signal

x 80/ts
x1 x 1 Client
ODTU4.ts ODUflex(L) OPUflex (L) signal

Client signals are mapped to OPUk, ODUk, and OTUk in sequence and then to OCh.
Page 12
Mapping & Multiplexing: Client->OTUCn[V]
x1 x1 x1 xn

OTUCn ODUCn OPUCn ODTUGCn ODTUCn.10

[V]
x1 Client
x1 ODU4 OPU4 signal
(L) (L)
x1 x2 x1 x1
x1 x1 ODTU4.31 ODU3 OPU3 Client
(L) (L) signal
x1 x1 x1 x1 x 10 x1 x1
OCh OTU4 ODU4 OPU4 ODTU4.8 ODU2 OPU2 Client
[V] (H) (H) (L) (L) signal
x 10 x1 x1
ODTU4.8 ODU2e OPU2e Client
(L) (L) signal
ODTUG4
x 40 x 1 Client
ODTU4.2 ODU1 x 1 OPU1
(L) (L) signal
x 80 x1 x1
ODTU4.1 ODU0 OPU0 Client
(L) (L) signal
x 80/ts x1 x1
ODTU4.ts ODUflex OPUflex Client
(L) (L) signal

Client signals are mapped to OPUCn, ODUCn, and OTUCn in sequence, and then to OCh.
 OTN Interface Structure

Mapping & Multiplexing

Frame Structure & Overhead

This part describes the optical-layer and electrical-layer frame structures of OTN
overheads and the corresponding overheads.
Page 14
Optical-Layer Overheads
OMSn

OTSn
FDI-O
OCh
TTI FDI-P n
OCh
FDI-O
3
OCh
FDI-O
BDI-O BDI-O 2 FDI-P
FDI-O
OCh
1 FDI-P
FDI-O OCI
BDI-P BDI-P FDI-P
OCI
FDI-P
OCI
PMI PMI OCI

TTI: Trail trace identifier FDI-O: Frontward defection indication overhead

BDI-O: Backward defect indication overhead FDI-P: Frontward defection indication payload
BDI-P: Backward defect indication payload OCI: Open connection indication
PMI: Payload missing indication

Each OTM overhead signal (OOS) consists of optical transmission section (OTS), optical
multiplexing section (OMS), and optical channel (OCh) overheads, and is transmitted
through an optical supervisory channel (OSC). Page 15
Electrical-Layer Overhead (OTUk/ODUk/OPUk)
1 7 8 14 15 16 17 3824 3825 4080
1 FA OTUk[V] OH
2 OPUk
OPUk payload OTUk FEC
ODUk OH OH
3 (4 x 256 bytes)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
1 FAS MFA SM GCC0 FAS RES JC
S
2 ODUk OH TCM TCM6 TCM5 TCM4 FTFL RES JC
ACT
3 TCM3 TCM2 TCM1 PM EXP RES JC

4 GCC1 GCC2 APS/PICC RES PSI NJO PJO

The electrical-layer overheads of the OTN consist of OTUk, ODUk, OPUk, and
frame alignment overheads.
Page 16
Electrical-Layer Overhead (OTUk/ODUk/OPUk)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
1 FAS MFA SM GCC0 FAS RES JC
S
2 ODUk OH TCM TCM6 TCM5 TCM4 FTFL RES JC
ACT
3 TCM3 TCM2 TCM1 PM EXP RES JC

4 GCC1 GCC2 APS/PCC RES PSI NJO PJO

SM PM or TCMn(n=1,2…6)
1 2 3 1 2 3
TTI BIP-8 TTI BIP-8

0 SAPI 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 SAPI 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
15 BEI/BIAE BDI IAE RES 15 BEI BDI STAT
16 DAPI 16 DAPI
31 31 PM
32 Operator 32 Operator 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
specific specific BEI/BIAE BDI STAT
63 63
TCMn
An SM overhead belongs to an OTU overhead and occupies three bytes.
A PM overhead belongs to an ODU overhead and occupies three bytes.
A TCM overhead belongs to an ODU overhead. A TCM overhead has six levels (TCMn, n = 1...6)
with each TCMn occupying three bytes.
Electrical-Layer Overhead (OTUCn/ODUCn/OPUCn)
1 7n 7n+1 14n 14n+1 16n 16n+1 3824n 3824n+1 4080n
1 FACn OTUCn[V] OH
2 OPU
Cn OPUCn payload OTUCn FEC
3 ODUCn OH (4 x 256n bytes)
OH
4
1 7 8 14 15 17 3824 3825 4080
1 FAC1 #1 OTUC1[V] OH
OTUC1 #1 2 OPU
S(*,*,1) OPUC1 #1 payload OTUC1 #1 FEC
ODUC1 #1 OH C1#1
3
OH
4
1 FAC1 #2 OTUC1[V] OH
OTUC1 #2 2 OPU
S(*,*,2) OPUC1 #2 payload OTUC1 #2 FEC
ODUC1 #2 OH C1#2
3
。。。 4 OH

1 FAC1
4 #n OTUC1[V] OH
OTUC1 #n 2 OPU
S(*,*,n) C1#n OPUC1 #n payload OTUC1 #n FEC
3 ODUC1 #n OH
OH
4

The electrical-layer overheads of the OTN consist of OTUCn, ODUCn, OPUCn, and frame
alignment overheads. Page 18
Electrical-Layer Overhead (OTUCn/ODUCn/OPUCn)

1 7 8 14 15 17 3824 3825 4080

1 FAC1 #1 OTUC1 #1[V] OH
OTUC1 #1
OPU
S(*,*,1) 2 OPUC1 #1 payload OTUC1 #1 FEC
ODUC1 #1OH C1#1
3
OH
4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
1 FAS MF SM GCC0 JC JC
AS
2 JC JC

3 PM EXP JC JC

4 GCC1 GCC2 APS/PCC PSI NJO PJO

Overheads using the OTUC1 #1 S(*,*,1) frame structure include SM, PM, and FAS overheads.
Page 19
Electrical-Layer Overhead (OTUCn/ODUCn/OPUCn)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
1 FAS MFA SM GCC0 JC JC
S
2 JC JC

3 PM EXP JC JC

4 GCC1 GCC2 APS/PCC PSI NJO PJO

SM PM
1 2 3 1 2 3
TTI BIP-8 TTI BIP-8

0 SAPI 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 SAPI 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
15 BEI/BIAE BDI IAE RES 15 BEI BDI STAT
16 DAPI 16 DAPI
31 31
32 Operator 32 Operator
specific specific
63 63

An SM overhead belongs to an OTU overhead and occupies three bytes.

A PM overhead belongs to an ODU overhead and occupiesPage
three20
bytes.
 Generation and Termination of OTN Optical-
Layer Overheads
OTM REG OTM

A B C
Tributary Line Line Line Tributary
board board OM
F F
OM board OM /
F F
OM board board
OA I I OA OA I I OA
Tributary Line OD U U
OD Line OD
U U OD Line Tributary
board board board board board

OTS OTS
OMS OMS
OCh OCh

OTS, OMS, and OCh overheads are generated at the source node and terminated at
the sink node. The corresponding boards at the source and sink nodes monitor and
report the signals that carry these overheads.
Page 21
Generation and Termination of OTN Electrical
-Layer Overheads
OTM OLA REG REG OLA REG OTM

tributary or line board tributary or line board tributary or line board tributary or line board tributary or line board

OTUk SM OTUk SM OTUk SM OTUk SM OTUk SM OTUk SM OTUk SM OTUk SM

source sink source sink source sink source sink

ODUk TCM1 ODUk TCM1

source sink
ODUk TCM2 ODUk TCM2 ODUk TCM2 ODUk TCM2
source sink source sink

ODUk TCM3 ODUk TCM3

source sink
ODUk PM ODUk PM
source sink

Note: Only one direction of overhead processing is shown in the figure.

SM, PM, and TCM overheads are generated at the source node and terminated at the
sink node. The corresponding boards at the source and sink nodes monitor and
report the signals.
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Thank you
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