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    Introduction GRIN Lenses

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    veronica
    Gradient index (GRIN) lenses have continuously varying refractive indices that allow them to focus light with planar surfaces instead of curved ones. They are produced via silver or lithium ion exchange in specialty glasses. GRIN lenses can be used for fiber coupling and beam shaping applications due to their easy assembly and good off-axis performance. Different pitch lengths allow various imaging designs, and high numerical aperture GRIN lenses produced with silver ion exchange avoid coloration in the visible spectrum.

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    Introduction GRIN Lenses

    Uploaded by

    veronica
    178 views1 page
    Gradient index (GRIN) lenses have continuously varying refractive indices that allow them to focus light with planar surfaces instead of curved ones. They are produced via silver or lithium ion exchange in specialty glasses. GRIN lenses can be used for fiber coupling and beam shaping applications due to their easy assembly and good off-axis performance. Different pitch lengths allow various imaging designs, and high numerical aperture GRIN lenses produced with silver ion exchange avoid coloration in the visible spectrum.

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    Gradient index (GRIN) lenses have continuously varying refractive indices that allow them to focus light with planar surfaces instead of curved ones. They are produced via silver or lithium ion exchange in specialty glasses. GRIN lenses can be used for fiber coupling and beam shaping applications due to their easy assembly and good off-axis performance. Different pitch lengths allow various imaging designs, and high numerical aperture GRIN lenses produced with silver ion exchange avoid coloration in the visible spectrum.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    178 views1 page

    Introduction GRIN Lenses

    Uploaded by

    veronica
    Gradient index (GRIN) lenses have continuously varying refractive indices that allow them to focus light with planar surfaces instead of curved ones. They are produced via silver or lithium ion exchange in specialty glasses. GRIN lenses can be used for fiber coupling and beam shaping applications due to their easy assembly and good off-axis performance. Different pitch lengths allow various imaging designs, and high numerical aperture GRIN lenses produced with silver ion exchange avoid coloration in the visible spectrum.

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    Gradient Index (GRIN) Lenses

     GRIN rod lenses for fiber coupling A half-pitch lens images an object on the entrance surface inverted
     GRIN cylindrical lenses for beam shaping of high power laser to the exit surface of the lens.
    diode bars and high brightness diodes A quarter-pitch lens images a point source on the entrance surface
     easy to assemble due to the plane surfaces of the lens into infinity or collimates it, respectively. This
    configuration is usually applied to the collimation of single-mode
     good off- and on-axis performance
    and multi-mode optical fibers and laser diodes. For high-power
     non-toxic silver and lithium ion exchange laser diodes, GRIN cylindrical lenses are used for the Fast-Axis-
    Gradient Index Optics Collimation.
    A 0.23-pitch lens images a point source placed in the working
    GRIN lenses represent an interesting alternative to conventional
    distance s into infinity or collimates it (see Fig. 3).
    spherical lenses since the lens performance depends on a zl
    continuous change of the refractive index within the lens material.
    Instead of curved shaped surfaces only plane optical surfaces are
    used. The light rays are continuously bent within the lens until d

    finally they are focussed on a spot.


    s
    f
    Fig. 3. GRIN rod lens

    The geometrical gradient constant g and the lens length zl


    Fig. 1 GRIN lens Conventional spherical lens determines the focal length f and the working distance s of the
    The GRIN lenses are produced by silver ion exchange in a special lens,
    glass. The composition of the glass is protected by a patent. In 1 1
    f= , s=
    contrast to the conventionally used technology this is a non-toxic n 0 gsin(gz l ) n 0 gtan(gz l )
    process and bears no health and environmental risks for both the
    producer as well as the user of these products. This process is Various imaging problems can be solved by choosing different lens
    performed in rods and slabs resulting in rod lenses and cylindrical lengths zl (see Fig.4).
    lenses with plane optical surfaces. zl y, r
    A radial refractive index profile of nearly parabolic shape
    z
    n(r) = n 0 sech(gr) O
    P1 P2

    realizes a continuos cosine ray trace within a GRIN focussing lens, I


    the period length z1-p of the lens is given by
    s s
    2π f f
    l2 l
    z1−p= g
    and does not depend on the entrance height and the entrance
    angle of the light ray (see Fig 2). n0 represents the refractive index Fig. 4. Image formation by a GRIN focusing lens
    at the center of the profile, r the radius and g the gradient The maximum acceptance angle of a GRIN collimating lens ϑ is
    constant. determined by the numerical aperture NA. As in fiber optics, it is
    derived from the maximum index change of the GRIN profile,
    sin( ϑ) = NA = n 20 − n 2R = n 0 1 − sech 2 (gd / 2) .
    nR is the refractive index at the margin of the profile, and d is the
    lens diameter or the lens thickness, respectively.
    Fig. 2. Ray traces within a GRIN focussing lens of different pitch lengths
    GRIN lenses with a high numerical aperture (NA ≈ 0.5) are
    The geometrical length of the particular lens zl is calculated from produced by silver ion exchange in a special glass which avoids
    the characteristic pitch of the lens P, any coloration in the visible spectral range. The absorption edge of
    2π the silver containing glass occurs at a wavelength of λ0.5 = 370
    zl = P nm. GRIN lenses with low numerical aperture (NA ≤ 0.2) are
    g
    fabricated via lithium ion exchange. The absorption edge of the
    Various imaging designs can be realized using the same index glass being used is at a wavelength of λ0.5 = 235 nm.
    profile by choosing different lens lengths:
    Revision 12/2015

    A 1- (2, 3, or more, respectively)-pitch lens reproduces an object


    placed in the entrance surface of the lens identically into the exit
    surface.
    19

    GRINTECH GmbH / Schillerstr. 1 / 07745 Jena / Germany / Phone: +49 (0) 3641/2276-0 / Fax: +49 (0) 3641/2276-11 / www.grintech.de / info@grintech.de

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