Laws of Sliding Friction

Laws of Friction
The sliding of a solid body in contact with another solid body is always
opposed by force of friction. Friction acts in the direction opposite to that of
relative motion and it is tangential to the surface of two bodies at the point of
contact.
Friction is a necessary on every machine because it involves wearing of the
machine component and consumes energy that transfers into heat. In come cases
friction is desirable in the case for the functioning of a machine, such as belt
drives, friction clutches.
 The Five Laws of Friction:

o When a body is moving, the friction is directly proportional to normal
force and frictional force direction is perpendicular to the normal
force.
o Friction doesn’t depend on the area of contact so long as there is an
area of contact.
o The coefficient of static friction is slightly higher the value than the
coefficient of kinetic friction.
o Kinetic friction is independent of the velocity of the body.
o Friction depends on the type of the surfaces in contact.
Laws of Friction
These laws are listed below:
1 Laws of Static Friction
The force of friction always acts in a direction opposite to that in which the body
tends to move.
 The magnitude of force of static friction is just sufficient to prevent a body

from moving and it is equal to the applied force.
 The force of static friction does not depend upon, shape, area, volume, size
etc. as long as normal reaction remains the same.
 The limiting force of friction bears a constant ratio to normal reaction and
this constant ratio is called coefficient of static friction.
2 Laws of Dynamic Friction
 When a body is moving with certain velocity, it is opposed by a force called

force of dynamic friction.
 The force of dynamic friction comes into play during the motion of the body
and as soon as the body stops, the force of friction disappears.
 The force of dynamic friction is independent of area, volume, shape, size
etc. of the body so long the normal reaction remains the same. However, to
some extent it varies with the magnitude of
 velocity of the body. Force of dynamic friction is high for low speeds and
low for very high speeds.
 The ratio of force of dynamic friction and normal reaction on the body is
called coefficient of dynamic friction.
Example 1: A horse exerts a pull of 3 KN just to move a carriage having a

mass of 800 kg. Determine the co efficient of friction between the wheel and
the ground. Take g = 10 m/sec²
Given P = 3 KN Mass = m = 800 Kg g = 10 m/sec²

Required co efficient of friction = μ =?
Working formula F = μ R
Solution we know that W = mg

W = 800 x 10 = 8000 N
A little consideration will show that the weight of the carriage is equal to the
normal reaction because that the body is horizontal to the plane as shown in fig
Therefore W = R and P = F
put the values in working formula we get
300 = μ 8000 μ =0.375

Result co efficient of friction = 0.375
Example 2: A pull of 490 N inclined at 30º to the horizontal is necessary to

move a block of wood on a horizontal table. If the coefficient of friction
between to bodies in contact is 0.2 what is the mass of the block.
Given P = 490 N θ = 30º μ = 0.2
Required mass of block =?
Solution
Now consider the following diagram and also resolve the force P into horizontal
and vertical components.
F = μ R w = mg
Now apply the condition of equilibrium the forces acting in x axis is positive
Σ Fx = 0
P Cosine θ – F = 0
P Cosine θ – μ R = 0
490 Cosine 30– 0.2 x R = 0 Therefore
R = 2121.762
Now consider the forces acting in y axis is positive
Σ Fy= 0
R + P Sine θ – W = 0 R + P Sine θ – mg = 0
2121.762 + 490 Sine 30– m x 9.81 = 0
m = 241.260 Kg
Result mass of the wooden block = 241.260 Kg
Example 3: A body of mass 100 Kg rests on horizontal plane the co efficient of

friction between body and the plane 0.40. Find the work done in moving the
body through a distance of 20 m along the plane.
Given m = 100 Kg μ = 0.40 d = 20 m
Required work done =?

Working formula 1 W = F x d
2 Fs = μ R
Solution we know that R = W = mg R = W = 10 x 9.81 = 98.1 N
Put the values in 2nd working formula we get Fs = 0.40 x 98.1
Fs = 39.24 N
Now put the values in 1st working formula W = 39.24 x 20
W = 748.8 N
Resultant weight = 748.8 N

Laws of Sliding Friction

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Laws of Friction

 The Five Laws of Friction:

These laws are listed below:

1 Laws of Static Friction

 The magnitude of force of static friction is just sufficient to prevent a body

2 Laws of Dynamic Friction

 When a body is moving with certain velocity, it is opposed by a force called

Example 1: A horse exerts a pull of 3 KN just to move a carriage having a

Given P = 3 KN Mass = m = 800 Kg g = 10 m/sec²

Solution we know that W = mg

300 = μ 8000 μ =0.375

Example 2: A pull of 490 N inclined at 30º to the horizontal is necessary to

Given P = 490 N θ = 30º μ = 0.2

Required mass of block =?

Result mass of the wooden block = 241.260 Kg

Example 3: A body of mass 100 Kg rests on horizontal plane the co efficient of

Given m = 100 Kg μ = 0.40 d = 20 m

Required work done =?

Put the values in 2nd working formula we get Fs = 0.40 x 98.1

Now put the values in 1st working formula W = 39.24 x 20

Resultant weight = 748.8 N

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