Journal d'agriculture tropicale et

de botanique appliquée

Catalogue des plantes médicinales de l'Himalaya.

Raj Kumar Gupta

Citer ce document / Cite this document :

Gupta Raj Kumar. Catalogue des plantes médicinales de l'Himalaya.. In: Journal d'agriculture tropicale et de botanique
appliquée, vol. 9, n°1-2, Janvier-février 1962. pp. 1-54;

doi : 10.3406/jatba.1962.2654

http://www.persee.fr/doc/jatba_0021-7662_1962_num_9_1_2654

Document généré le 30/03/2016

ETUDES et DOSSIERS

MEDICINAL PLANTS OF WEST HIMALAYA

Ph. T). By
(Poona),
Raj KUMAR
Docteur esGUPTA
Sciences (1)
(Toulouse).

RANUNCULACEAE

Ranunculus sceleratus Linn.

Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : Yellow, April-June. Ecological notes :
On river banks of warm valleys upto 2 000 m.
Uses : The plant is considered poisonous just after the flowering.
The leaves are vesicant.
Anemone obtusiloba D. Don.
Name : Ageli (Garhwali). Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : White
tinged with blue near the base, May-Aug. Ecological notes : In
temperate parts between 2 400-4 500 m in open pastures.
Uses : Leaves are useful in complaints of spleen and kidney
remove jaundice. Oil form the seeds can be extracted and
used in rheumatism, but not done so in this part.
Thalhctrum foliolosum DC.
Name : Mamiri, Pilijari (Garhwali, Hindi). Habit : Perennial herb.
Flowers : White, July. Ecological notes : In ban oak forests
between 1 500-2 400 m.
Uses : The roots are yellow like turmeric and sold in the market
also. They are used in collirium in opthalmia and improving
eyesight. It is also useful in piles discoloration of the skin
and in mild forms of intermittent fevers.
Clematis gouriana Roxb.
Name : Bel Kanyu (Garhwali). Habit : Climbing shrub. Flowers :
Greenish white; July-August. Ecological notes : On trees and
shrubs at 1 200 m.
Uses : Bruised leaves and stems are vesicant and poisonous. Not
used locally.

(1) L'auteur de cet article a fait de nombreuses explorations en Himalaya

occidental. L'article sera surtout utilisé par des lecteurs de langue anglaise;
aussi n'a-t-il pas été traduit. Les termes médicaux se ressemblent souvent en
anglais et en français (N.D.I.R.).
JOURNAL d'AGBIC. TROPICALE ET DE BOTANIQUE APPLIQUÉE, T. IX, N° 1-2, JANV.-FÉV. 1962
 2 —

Clematis Roylei Rehder. (C. nutans Royle.).

Name : Kanjuli (Garhwali). Nakchikni (Hindi). Flowers : Creamy
white, Sept.-Oct. Ecological notes : From 600-1 500 m.
Uses : The leaves are very pungent to taste and produce violent
sneezing if smelt after bruising.

Caltha palustrxs Linn.

Habit : Herb. Flowers : Yellow, August-Sept. Ecological notes :
Between 2 500-3 600 m in sub-alpine and alpine level.
Uses : The roots are poisonous, and not used locally.
Delphinium denudatum Wall.
Name : Nirbisi (Hindi). Habit : Herb. Flowers : Blue, April-June.
Ecological notes : In ban oak forests between 1 500-3 000 m.
Uses : The roots are cooling, stimulent in debility, brain tonic and
useful in curing cough, diseases of blood, toothache and piles.
They are also used as adultrant for aconite.
Delphinium vestitum Wall.
Habit : Herb. Flowers : Dark blue, July-August. Ecological notes :
In shady ravines between 2 400-3 600 m.
Uses : Same as D. denudatum.

Paeonia emodi Wall.

Habit : Shrub. Flowers : "White, May-June. Ecological notes :
Between 1 500-3 000 m under trees of Juglans regia.
Uses : The tubers of the plant are useful in uterine disorders,
bilous obstructions, convulsions and histeria. Infusion of the
dried flower is useful in diarrhoea. Seeds are emetic and
cathartic.
Actaea spicata Linn.
Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : White, June. Ecological notes :
In shady ravines between 2 000-3 000 m.
Uses : Powdered leaves and flowers are insecticide. The berries
are useful for curing asthma and externally for skin diseases.
Tincture of the root is seadative in neuralgia and rheumatic
affections.

Aconitum heterophyllwn Wall.

Name: Atis (Garhwali, Hindi). Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : Dull
green with purple. Ecological notes : Above 2 500 m in subalpine
and alpine level.
Uses : The roots are sold in the market and used as tonic
febrifuge and aphrodisiac. Useful in intermittent fevers, diarrhoea,
pleursy in small doses, but poisonous in large doses. These
are brought by Jad traders also in the plains during winters.
 — 3 —

Aconiturn napellus Linn.

Name : Mitha (Garhwali). Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : Blue,
July-October.
Uses : The roots are poisonous and collected for medicinal
purposes. The product is sold by the forest department.

MENtSPERMACEAE

Cocculus Iaurifoliu8 DC.

Name : Tildhara (Bun and Garhwali). Habit : Climbing shrub.
Flowers : Yellow green, April. Ecological notes : In shady woods
upto 1 700 m.
Uses : Bark and leaves of the plant contain an toxic alkaloid,
but not used locally.
Stephania hernandilolia Walp.
Habit : Climbing shrub. Flowers : Green yellow, July-August.
Ecological notes : Upto 1 800 m.
Uses : The roots are astringent and used in fever, diarrhoea
dyspepesia and urinary diseases.
Stephania rotunda Hook. f. and Th.
Name : Parha (Dun). Habit : Climbing shrub. Flowers : Green yellow,
July-Aug. Ecological notes : In ravines upto 2 000.
Uses : The roots are useful in pulmonary tuberculosis, asthma,
dysentry and fever, but not used locally.

Pericampylus glaucus (Lam.) Merill. (P. incanus Miers.).

Habit : Climbing shrub. Flowers : Green yellow. Ecological notes :
Upto 1 200 m.
Uses : The roots have been reported to be antidote to snake
poison but probably erroneously so.
Cis&ampelos pariara Linn.
Name : Parhe (Garhwali), Dakhnirbisi, Harjori (Hindi). — Habit :
Climbing shrub. Flowers: Yellow green, April. Ecological notes:
In shady woods upto 1 500 m.
Uses : The roots are useful in chronic catarrhal affections of
bladder. Leaves are useful as an external application in sores
and abcesses.
Tinospora oordifolia (Willd.) Miers.
Name : Gilo (Hindi). Habit : Climbing shrub. Flowers : Yellow.
Ecological notes : In warm valley upto 1 200 m also cultivated.
Uses : The stem is highly valued in skin diseases, jaundice and
fevers. It is also used in curing cough, purification of blood.
The juice is useful in diabetes and enlargement of the spleen.
 4 -

■
MAGNOLIACEAE

Michelia champaca Linn.

Name : Champa (Hindi). Habit : Tall evergreen tree. Flowers : Pale
yellow, April-June. Ecological notes : Cultivated in the gardens
in low altitudes.
Uses : The flowers and fruits are useful in dyspepsia and fever.
They are diuretic and useful in renal diseases and
gonorrhoea. The oil from the flowers is useful in opthalmia and in
cephalgia.

BERBERIDACEAE

Mahtmia nepaulensis DC. {Berberis nepaulensis Spreng.).

Habit : Shrub. Flowers : Yellow. Ecological notes : Between 1 500-
2 000 m on dry situations.
Uses : The berries of the plant are diuretic and demulcent in
dysentry.
Berberis aristata DC. (B. coriaria, B. aristata var. floribunda) .
Name : Kingora (Garhwali), Daruhaldi (Hindi). Habit : Shrub.
Flowers : Yellow, May-June. Ecological notes : Between 900-
2 700 m on dry soils.
Uses: The extract from the stem « Rasot » is used in eye diseases.
Bark of the plant is tonic, diuretic and of great value in
remittent fevers and debility after fever. Decoction of the
bark is taken in malarial fevers.
Berberis ashatica Roxb. ex DC.
Name : Kilmoru (Garhwali). Habit : Shrub. Flowers : Yellow.
Ecological notes : Upto 2 000 m in dry soils.
Uses : Extract from the stem « Rasot » is sold in the market and
like other species.
Berberis ceratophylla G. Don. (B. lycium Royle).
Name : Chatroi, Kashmal (Garhwali), Daruhaldi (Hindi). Habit: Shrub.
Flowers : Yellow, May-June. Ecological notes : On dry soils in
900-2 700 m in conifer forests as undergrowth.
Uses : Leaves of the plant are used as a cure in jaundice. Roots
are tonic, astringent and useful in diseases of spleen, chest
and for cough, eyesores and itching of the eyes. As gargle it
strengthens the gum. Like other berberis bark gives « Rasot »
sold in the market.
Berberis pet iolarls Wall. {B. vulgaris Linn.).
Name : Chatrod (Garhwali). Habit : Shrub. Flowers : Yellow, June.
Ecological notes : In moist shady places between 2 400-3 600 m.
 Uses : The root bark is duretic, astringent antibilous and tonic
in small doses. The fruits are eaten.
Podiophyllwn emodi Wall, ex Royle.
Habit : Herb. Flowers : "White, April, June. Ecological notes : In
shady places above 2 000 m.
Uses : The rhizome and roots of the plant are hepatic stimulant
and purgative.

B1XACEAE

Flaoaurtia indica (Burm. f.) (F. ramontchii L'Herit.).

Name : Kango (Garhwali). Habit : Small tree. Flowers : greenish
yellow. Ecological notes :
Uses : The fruits are useful in jaundice and enlarged spleen.

PAPAVERACEAE

Argemone mexicana Linn.

Name : Kandar (Garhwali). Habit : Prickly annual herb. Flower :
Yellow, May-June. Ecological notes : Common in waste places,
fields and roadsides upto 700 m.
Uses : Yellow juice from the plant is used externally in scabies
and in opthalmia. Seeds of the plant give an oil, which can
be used medicinally and in paint industry, but not edible.
It is often mixed with mustard' oil as adultrant and is
poisonous. Oil cake can be used as fertiliser.
Papaver somnifertun Linn.
Name : Posta (Garhwali & Hindi). Habit : Annual herb. Flowers6:
White or pink. Ecological notes : Cultivated, now the cultivation
is prohibited after merger; often founds as escape.
Uses : Milky juice from immature fruits give opium. Seeds are
used as food. Oil from the seeds is medicinal and cooling.
Mecanopsis aculeata Royle.
Name : Perennial herb. Flowers : Blue purple. Ecological notes : On
precipitous rocks above 3 500 m.
Uses : The plant, especially the roots are poisonous and narcotic.

FUMAR1ACEAE

Fumaria indica Pugsley (F. parviflora Lam.).

Name : Pilpapra (Hindi). Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : Purple. May-
June. Ecological notes : Common weed of cultivation upto
1 200 m.
 g

Uses : The herb is diuretic, disphoretic, anthelmintic and blood-

purifier. It is useful in dyspepsia, scropulous skin diseases
and liver complaints. Seeds are uses as remedy for body pain.

CRUCIFERAE

Capsella bursa-pastoris (Linn.) Medic.

Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : White, April-October. Ecological
notes : Throughout temperate regions and as weed of cultivation.
Uses : The plant is used for controlling haemorrhage of diverse
objects. It lowers the blood pressure and used as
antiscorbutic. It is also useful in diarrhoea and dropsy.
Roripa indica (Linn.) Hoch. (Nasturtium indicum DC).
Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : Yellow. Ecological notes : In damp
places at 2 000 m.
Uses : The seeds are laxative and useful in asthma. They are also
considered as diuretic, stimulant and antiscorbutic but not
used locally.
Roripa montana Small. (Nasturtium montanum Wall.).
Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : Yellow, April-September. E. notes :
Ascending to 2 000 m in shady places.
Uses : The plant has antiscorbutic properties but not used locally.
Nasturtium officinale R. Br.
Habit : Annual herb. Flower : White, April-September. Ecological
notes : Upto 2 000 m in shady and damp places.
Uses : The plant is antiscorbutic, stimuland and used in
complaints of chest.
Cardamine impatiens Linn.
Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : White, March-May. E. notes :
Between 1 500-3 500 m in damp & shady places on rocks.
Uses : The plant is diuretic and stimulant but not used locally.

Draba sophia (Linn.) Webb. (Sisymbrium sophia Linn.).

Habit : Ann. Flowers : White.
Uses : The plant has punget adour when bruised. Flowers and
leaves are astringent. Seeds are useful in fever, bronchitis
and dysentry.
Barbarea vulgar is R. Br.
Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : Yellow, June. E. notes : Above
4 000 m in alpine grassy areas.
Uses : The leaves are vulnary and the plant is stimulant and
antiscorbutic.
 — 7 —

CAPPARIDACEAE

Cleorne viscosa Linn.

Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : Yellow, June-September. E. notes :
Common on waste ground and rubbish heaps upto 700 m.
Uses : The juice of the leaves is useful in treatment of
inflammations of middle ear. The seeds are anthelmintic and rubi-
facient.
Capparis zeylanica Linn. (C. horrida Linn.).
Name : Khalis (Dun), Thiri (Hindi). Habit : Shrub. Flowers : White,
fading to red, Feb.-May. E. notes : In scrub forests upto 1 000 m.
Uses : The rootbark is anthelmintic, sedative and useful in
cholera. The leaves are used in swellings and piles.
Capparis spinosa Linn.
Name : Kiari-Bauri (Garhwali). Habit : Shrub. Flowers: White fading
to purple red. E. notes : On hot dry situations at low elevations
in the hills of Tons and Pabar valleys.
Uses : The rootbark is tonic and analgesic in rheumatism
paralysis, enlarged spleen etc. Leaves are used as poultice in
gouts.

VIOLACEAE
Viola serpens Wall.
Name : Banefsha (Hindi). Habit : Herb. Flowers : Liliac, Apri-July.
E. notes : In the woods above 2 000 m.
Uses : The flowers of the plant on drying are sold in the market
Gul banefs'a and are useful in curing fever, bronchitis and
asthma. The root is diuretic and removes inflammation. Oil
from the plant is used for curing abdominal pains and acts
as hypnotic and sedative to brain.
Other species: V. biflora Linn. (Fis.: Yellow, June). V. canescens Wall.
(Fis. Liliac, April-November). V. patrinii Ging. (Fis. dark liliac,
April-June).
Are used for the same medicinal properties and have good
possibilities of commercial exploitation.

BIXACEAE

Flacourtha indica (Burm. f.) Merr. (E. ramontchii L. Herit.).

Name : Kango (Garhwali). Habit : Small tree. Flowers : Greenish
yellow, March-April. E. notes : On low hills upto 1 000 m.
Uses : The fruits are useful in jaundice and enlarged spleen. Gum
from the plant mixed with other ingredients is used in
cholera.
 g

POLYGALACEAE

Polygala crotalarioides Hain.

Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : Pink, April-October. E. notes :
Between 1 200-2 000 m in the crevices of rocks and grassy slopes.
Uses : The plant is useful in catarrhal affections and chewed to
expel phlegm from the throat and provoking cough.
Polygala chinensis Linn.
Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : Yellow, August-September. E. notes :
Between 1 500-2 700 m in valleys.
Uses : The root of the plant is useful in fevers.
Polygala siberica Linn.
Habit : Herb. Flowers : . E. notes : Between 300-1 800 m
in damp shady places.
Uses : Roots are useful in cold and could and are sedathie given
in bronchitis, seminal losses and sexual impotency.

CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Stellaria medico. Linn.

Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : White, April-Oct. E. notes : Common
on damp, moist situations upto 3 G00 m.
Uses : The plant is used as plaster for broken bones and is
supposed to be colling and bending.
Arenarha serpyllifolia Linn.
Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : White, April-July. E. notes : Between
2 400-2 700 m in moist situations.
Uses : The herb can be used for bladder diseases like in China,
not used locally.
Polycarpaea coryrnbosa Lamk.
Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : White, July-August. E. notes :
Ascending to 1 000 m in moist situations.
Uses : The leaves are used as poultee for inflammatory swellings.
It is reported effective for venemous bites from reptiles, but
it seems erroneously so.
Saponaria vaccaria Linn.
Habit : An annual herb. Flowers : Rose coloured, April. E. notes :
Weed of cultivation upto 1 500 m.
Uses : Sap of the plant is firefuge and tonic in fewers. Plant is
useful as a cure for itch.
Drymaria cordata Willd.
Flowers : August. E. notes : Between 2 000-2 700 m.
Uses : The juice of the plant is laxative but not used locally.
 9

HYPERICACEAE

Hypericum patutum Thunb.

Name : Phiunli (Garhwali). E. notes : In shady ravines and rocks
between 1 500-2 000 m.
Uses : The seeds of the plant are stimulant and aromatic.

TERNSTROEMIACEAE

Saranja nepalensis DC.

Name : Gogina (Garhwali). Gen (Kumaon). Habit : Small tree.
Flowers : Pink, April-May.
Uses : The bark of the plant can be used as a poultice to help
extraction of splinter embeded in the ilesh.

TAMARICACEAE

Tatnarix dioica Roxb.

Name : Jhan (Hindi). Habit : Shrub. Flowers : Light rosy, May-July.
E. notes : Along open streams and rivulets.
Uses : The galls and twigs of the plant are astringent, but not
used locally

DIPT EROCARP ACEAE

Shorea robusta Gaertn.

Name : 5a/ (Hindi & Garhwali). Habit : Large tree. Flowers : Pale
yellow, March-April. E. notes : In the outer slopes of the hills
upto 1 500 m.
Uses : Resin from the plant is useful in dysentry and for
fumigations and plasters, oil from the fruit is extracted and used
to adultrate Ghee.
MALVACEAE

Mal va rotundifolia Linn.

Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : Pale liliac, June. E. notes :
Ascending to 3 000 m.
Uses : The leaves of the plant are used externally in scurucy piles
and skin diseases. Decoction of leaf is used for fermentation
and in sore throat. Seeds are useful in bronchitis, cough and
inflammation of bladder.
Malva verticillata Linn.
Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : Pale pink, May-August. E. notes r
Between 1 800-3 500 m.
Uses : Leaves and stems are digestive.
 — 10 —

Abutilon indicum G. Don.

Name : Kanghi (Hindi). Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : Yellow. E
notes : Weed of roadsides and waste places ascending to 700 m.
Uses : Infusion of the root is a cooling medicine. Leaves are
demulcent and seeds are laxative and given in cough.

Sida cordifolia Linn.

Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : Yellow, Aug.-Oct. E. notes :
Common weed in waste lands and scrub forests ascending to 2 000 m.
Uses : Roots are astringent, diuretic, nemeons and cardiac tonic.
Juice of the root is useful in healing wounds and ulcers.

Sida veronicae folia Lamk (S. humilis Willd.).

Name : Kharenti (Garhwali). Habit : Low shrub. Flowers : Pale
yellow, Aug.-Oct. E. notes : In hot valleys on raodsides ascending
to 700 m.
Uses : Leaves are used for local application in cuts & bruises.

Sida rhombifoUa Linn.

Name : Kharenti (Garhwali). Habit : Perennial undershrub. Flowers:
Yellow, Sept.-Oct. E. notes : Weeds of roadsides upto 1 200 m.
Uses : The plant is useful in pulmonary tuberculosis. Roots are
useful in rheumatism.

Sida spinosa Linn.

Habit : Undershrub. Flowers : Yellow, May-Sept. E. notes : On
roadsides and waste places upto 1 200 m.
Uses : The root and root bark is useful in fewers.

Malvastrum coromandelianum Garcke ( M. triais pidatum A.

Gray.).
Habit : Herb. Flowers : Yellow. E. notes : Weed of waste places and
cultivation upto 1 000 m?
Uses : Leaves of the plant are cooling in inflammed sores. The
flowers are diaphortic and pectoral.

Kydia calycina Roxb.

Habit : A tree. Flowers : White, July-Oct. E. notes : In warm valleys
upto 700 m?
Uses : The leaves pounded and made into a paste is applied in
rheumatism and lumbago.

Thespesia lampas (Cav.) Dalz.

Name : Ban-Kapasi (Hindi), Habit : Shrub. Flowers : Yellow with
crimson centre, Aug.-Oct. E. notes : In sal forests upto 1 000 m.
Uses : The roots and fruits are useful in gonorrhoea and syphilis.
 — 11 —

Urena lobota Linn.

Habit : Herb. Flowers : Pink, July-Nov. E. notes : In hotter parts of
district in copped area.
Uses : The roots are diuretic and useful as a remedy in
rheumatism.

BOMBACACEAE

Salmalia malabarica (DC.) Schott and Endl. (Bombax malaba-

rica DC).
Name : Semul (Hindi & Garhwali). Habit : Large tree. Flowers :
Crimson, Feb.-March. E. notes : In hot valley upto 1 000 m in
outer Himalayas.
Uses : Roots of the plant are sold in the market (Semule Ki
muste) and are stimulant and tonic. Flower buds are eaten
as vegetables and are tonic. Gum from the plant is astringent,
aphrodisiac and useful in diarrhoea, dysentry.

STERCULIACEAE

Sterculia wrens Roxb.

Habit : A tree. Flowers : Yellow, March-April. E. notes : On hot
valleys upto 1 500 m.
Uses : The leaves and tender branches when slipped in water
yield a muscilagenous extract useful in pleuro-pneumonia in
catties. Gum is useful in throat affections.
Sterculia pallens Wall.
Name : Khadrala (Hindi). Habit : Tree. Flowers : Pale yellow, March-
April. E. notes : In shady ravines in Siwaliks between 600-
1 500 m.
Uses : Gum from the bark is useful medicinally & sold under the
nam of Katila.
Pterospermum acerifolium Willd.
Name : Kanak-Champa (Hindi). Habit: Tree. Flowers: White, March-
June. E. notes : Along the banks of the rivers.
Uses : Down of the leaves as useful as tinder and stop bleeding
from the wounds. Plaster made of the calyx is useful in
glandular swellings about neck and ears.
Helectres i&ora Linn.
Name : Marorphali (Hindi). Habit : Shrub. Flowers : Scarlet, April-
August. E. notes : In the copped areas in outer hills.
Uses : The spiral fruits is demulcent and useful in gripping of
bowels. Bark is useful in dysentry and diarrhoea. Juice of
the roots is useful in diabetes and stomach affections.
 — 12 —

TIUACEAE
Cor chorus olitorius Linn.
Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : July-Sept. E. notes : Cultivated in
hotter parts.
Uses : Leaves are diuretic and useful in gonorrhoea and chronic
cystilis. Seeds are purgative.

Corchorus ctestuans Linn.

Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : Yellow, July-Sept. E. notes : In
hotter parts.
Uses : Seeds are stomachic and useful in pneumonia.
Triumfetta bartamia Linn. (T. rhomboidea Jacq.).
Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : Yellow, June-Oct. E. notes : Weed
of waste places and on roadsides upto 1 500 m.
Uses : Leaves flowers and fruits are muscilaginous and
astringent, roots are diuretic and in hot infusion is taken to
facilitate child birth when it is delayed. Bark and fresh leaves
are useful in dysentry and diarrhoea.

LINACEAE
Reinwardtia trigyna Planch.
Name : Piunli (Garhwali), Basant (Dun). Habit : Shrub. Flowers :
Yellow, April-May.
Uses : The plant is used as a medicine for cattle.
Linum usitatissimum Linn.
Name : Alsi (Hindi). Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : Blue.
Uses : Cultivated upto 1 800 m. Seeds in the form of poultice are
useful ; flowers are nervine and cardiac tonic.

MALPIGHIACEAE
Hiptage benghalensis (Linn.) Kurz. (H . madablota Gaertn.).
Name : Aneta, Madhumalti (Hindi). Habit : Climbing shrub. Flowers :
White, yellow at base, April.
Uses : Leaves are useful in rheumatism, asthma and skin
diseases. Juice of leaves is insecticide.

GERANIACEAE
Geranium wallichianum D. Don.
Name : Mamiran (Urdu). Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : Blue
purple, July-Sept. E. notes : Common between 2 000-3 000 m.
in ban oak forest.
 — 13 —

Uses : Rootstock of the plant is used as substitute for Coptis

teeta, while in yumnotri it is employed as a cure for
toothache.
Geranium nepalense Sweet.
Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : Pale purple, May-Sept. E. notes :
Common between 1 500-2 700 m.
Uses : The plant is astringent and useful in renal troubles.
Geranium ocellatum Camb.
Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : Pink with dark purple base of petals,
March-May. E. notes : Upto 1 800 m.
Uses : The plant is useful as an astringent and diuretic.
Geranium lucidum Linn.
Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : Red, April-May. E. notes : Between
1 800-2 700 m.
Uses : The plant is diuretic and astringent.
Oxalis acetosella Linn.
Name : Tipatia (Garhwali & Kumaon). Habit : Perennial herb.
Flowers : Pale pink, June-July. E. notes : In damp and shady places
upto 2 500 m.
Uses : The herb in water forms a drink in fevers. Leaves are
taken as salad.
Oxalis corniculata Linn.
Name : Amélda. Habit : Perennial herb. Fl. : Yellow, April-Nov. E.
notes : On roadsides and grassy places upto 2 400 m.
Uses : Leaves are useful in chronic dysentry and the juice is an
antidote for datura intoxication. Externally the plants is
useful to remove warts and opacelias of cornea; intervally is
a good appetiser.

RUTACEAE

Zantkoxylum alatutn Roxb.

Name : Timru (Garhwali & Kumaon). Habit : Armed shrub. Flowers :
Yellow, April-June. E. notes : In hot valleys ascending to 1 800 m.
Uses : The fruits are useful in abdomnial troubles, eye, ear leu-
coderma, asthma and spleen diseases. Seeds are carminative
and used as remedy for toothache and removing fore smell
from the mouth. Twigs are locally used as tooth brush. Carpel
of the fruit give an oil which is antiseptic and disinfectant.
Murraya haenigii Spreng.
Name : Gandela (Garhwali). Habit : Small shrub. Flowers : Greenish,
May-June. E. notes : Along the foot of Himalayas upto 1 500 m.
 — 14 —

Uses : The plant is tonic and stomachic. Green leaves when eaten
cure dysentry.

Mur raya paniculata (Linn.) Jacq. (M. exotica Linn.).

Name : Kamini (Hindi), Marchula (Garhwali). Habit : Shrub.
Flowers : White. E. notes : Cultivated in the gardens and wild in
cool and shady ravines along the streams.
Uses : Bark of stem and root is antidiarrhoeal. Leaves are
stimulant and useful in dysentry and diarrhoea. Twigs are used
as tooth brush.

Todddlia asiatica (Linn.) Lamk. (T. aculeata Pers.).

Habit : Prickly shrub. Flowers : pale yellow, Feb-April. E. notes: In
open ravines in hot valleys.
Uses : Root bark is stomachic, stimulant and useful in debility
and in convalescence after fibrile and other exhausting
diseases. Leaves are eaten for relief of pains in the bowels.

Glycosmis cochinchinensis (G. pentaphylla Correa).

Uses : The roots are useful in fever. Twigs are used as tooth
sticks.

Skimmia laureola Walp.

Name : Kathur-chara, Gurlpatta (Garhwali), Naira (Kumaon). Habit :
Shrub. Flowers : Yellow, April-May. E. notes : Between 1 800-
3 000 m.
Uses : Leaves and flowers are aromatic and used as incense.
Leaves are useful in smallpox.

Aegle marmelos Corr.

Name : Bel, Bilwa (Garhwali). Habit : Small tree. Flowers : White,
May. E. notes : Often cultivated near the villages and wild in the
outer hills.
Uses : The fruits are used in dysentry and diarrhoea. Slices of
the fruits are came and sold. Sold in the market; a syrup is
also made from the fruit used for same purposes.

SIMARUBACEAE

Picrastna quassioides Bennett.

Name: Karwi (Garhwali). Habit: A shrub. Flowers: Pale green, April-
June. Ecological notes : In shady ravines on the banks of rivers
upto 2 400 m.
Uses : The bark and roots are used as febrifuge. Leaves are
applied to itch.
'
 15

MELIACEAE

Toona ciliata Roem (Ccdrela tocna Roxb.)

Name : Tun (Hindi). Habit : A large tree. Flowers : Creamy, May-
June. E. notes : Along the banks of rivers at low elevations.
Uses : Bark of the plant is useful in infantile dysentry and as
substitute for quinine in fevers.

CELASTRACEAE

Evonymus tungens Wall.

Name : Bhantbeli (Garhwali), Kon-Kon (Kumaon). Habit : Shrub.
Flowers : Dull white, April-June. E. notes : Between 1 800-3 000 m.
Uses : The plant is gastro-intestinal stimulant and increases the
flow of bile and other secretions. It is used as hepatic
stimulant, purgative and emetic.

Elaeodendron glaucum Pers.

Name : Paniana (Garhwali), Jangila (Dun). Habit : Tree. Flowers :
Whitish, Feb-June. E. notes : In valleys on clayey soils with
Terminalia tomentosa.
Uses : Powdered leaves are used as fumigatory torouse women
from hysterical.

Celastrus panwtdata Willd.

Name : Mai Kangni (Dun). Habit : Climbing shrub. Flowers : Pale
green, April-June. E. notes : At low elevations in outer Himalayas.
Uses : Seeds are laxative, diaphoretic and useful in leprosy, gout
and fevers. They are said to be brain tonic and an oil from
them is useful in beriberi and used to sharpen memory and
intelligence.

RHAMNACEAE

Rhamnus virgata Roxb. (R. dahuricus Pall.).

Name : Chaurdha (Garhwali), Chidul (Kumaon). Habit : Deciduous
shrub. Flowers : Yellow green, April-June. E. notes : Between
900-2 700 m.
Uses : The fruits are euretic, and useful in affections of spleen.

Rhamnus purpureus Edgew.

Name : Luhish (Garhwali). Habit : Unarmed deciduous shrub.
Flowers : Pale green, May-June. E. notes : Between 1 300-2 700 m.
Uses : The fruit is useful as purgative.
 — 16 —

Rhamnus triquetra Wall.

Name : Gaunt (Garhwali). Habit : Unarmed deciduous shrub.
Flowers : Yellow green, July-August. E. notes : Between 990-
1 800 m.
Uses : Bark is tonic and astringent.
Zizyphus rugosa Lam.
Habit : Shrub. Flowers : Yellow green, March-April. E. notes : upto
900 m.
Uses : Flowers are useful in Menorrhagia.

Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk. (Z. jujuba Lamk.).

Name : Ber (Hindi). Habit : Small tree. Flowers : Yellow green, July-
August. E. notes : Cultivated and wild in waste places upto 600 m.
Uses : Decoction of roots is useful in fevers. Bark is a remedy
in diarrhoea and dysentry. Leaves are useful in eye troubles.

Berchemict lineata DC.

Name : Angari (Hindi). Habit : Undershrub. Flowers : yellow green,
May-July. E. notes : upto 1 200 in.
Uses : The plant in considered as a cure for fever.

VITACEAE

C issus repanda (Vahl.) Planch. (Vitis repanda Wt. & Arn.).

Habit : Climbing shrub. Flowers : Creamy, April-June. E. notes :
Uses : The plants is useful as maturant for ulcers, boils and
small abscessis.

Vitis Ictnata Roxb.

Name : Bhinana (Garhwali). Habit : Woody climber. Flowers :
Greenish, April-May. E. notes : upto 1 500 m.
Uses : Watery sap from the stem quench thirst.

SAPJNDACEAE

Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Merr. {S. trijuga Willd.).

Name : Kusum (Hindi). Habit : Large tree. Flowers : Yellow green,
March-April. E. notes : In outer Himalayas.
Uses : Bark of the plant is astringent and when rubbed with
oil is used as a cure for itch powdered seeds are applied to
the ulcers of animals for removing maggots.
Acer cultratum Wall. {A. pictum Thunb.).
Name : Kainju, Kainchuli (Garhwali). Habit : Tree. Flowers : Green,
April-May. E. notes : Common of all high level maples.
Uses : Bark is astringent.
 17

Aesculas indica Hiern.

Name : Pangar (Garhwali & Kumaon). Habit : Large tree. Flowers :
April-June. E. notes : Cultivated and wild between 1 500-
3 000 m mixed with oak.
Uses : The fruit is given to horses in colic and the oil is useful
in rheumatism.
Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.
Name : Ritha (Hindi). Habit : Large tree. Flowers : Purple, May-June.
Notes : Cultivated, wild upto 1 5000 m.
Uses : Nuts are used externally in epilepsy and headache. It is
used as substitute for soap.
Dodonaea viscosa Linn.
Name : Wilayati mabende (Hindi). Habit : Evergreen shrub. Floweus:
Yellow, June-September. Notes : In open hill sides and also
cultivated as hedge plant.
Uses : The bark of the plant is employed in astringent baths and
for fomentation. Leaves are used in treatment of wounds,
swellings, sprains etc...

ANACARDIACEAE

Rhus parviflora Roxb.

Name : Tungla, Ninas (Garhwal). Habit : Shrub. Notes : Upto 1 000 m.
Uses : The fruits are relished by native people and acts like
tamarind.
Rhus punjabensis Stew.
Name : Titroi (Jannsar). Habit : Tree. Flowers : April-May. Notes :
In the interior of valley at 2 500 m.
Uses : Juice of the leaves is corrosive.
Rhtxs Wallichii Hk. f.
Name : Achroi (Jannsar). Habit : Tree. Flowers : White, May-June.
Notes : Between 1 200-2 000 m.
Uses : Juice of the plant is corrosive.
Rhus succedanea Linn.
Name : Akrol (Hindi). Habit : Tree. Flowers : Yellow green, May-
June. Notes : Upto 1 800 m.
Uses : Excrescences of the branches are useful in diarrohea and
dysentry.
Rhus chinensis Mill. {R. semialata Murr).
Name : Akhoi (Jamnnar). Habit : Small tree. Flowers : White, April-
May. Notes : Between 900-2 000 m.
Uses : The fruit is useful in colic.
Journal d'Agriculture tropicale 2
 — 18 —

Spondias pinnata (Linn, f.) Kurz. (S. mangifera Willd).

Habit : Small tree. Flowers: Greenish white, December-April. Notes:
upto 1 500 m.
Uses : The bark is useful in dysentry and in rheumatism. Fruits
are useful in bilious dyspepsia. Juice of the leaves is used in
earache.
Buchananha lanzan Spreng. {B. latifolia Roxb.).
Name : Kath bhilawa (Garhwal), Piyal (Hindi). Habit: Tree. Flowers:
Uses : On clayey soil in sal forest. Oil from the kernels is used
as substitute for almond oil. Gum from the plant is useful in
diarrhoea.
Lanneai coromandelica (Hk. f.) Merr. {Odina wodier Roxb.).
Name : Thinghan (Garhwal). Habit : Tree. Flowers : Greenish,
February-April. Notes : Along the foot of Himalayas upto 1 200 m.
Uses : The wood is astringent and used as lotion in leprous ulcers.
Leaves are useful in sprains and local swellings. Decoction of
the bark is used for toothache.
Semecarpus anacardium Linn.
Name : Bhilawa (Hindi). Habit : Tree. Flowers : Greenish white,
April-May. Notes : On clayey soil in sal forests.
Uses : Nut is used as vermifuge and oil from it is useful in
rheumatism, sprains and leprous nodules.
Pistacia integerrima Stew ex Brandis.
Name : Kakra sing. (Garhwal). Habit : Tree. Flowers : Red, March-
April. Notes : In hot valleys.
Uses : Galls found on the plant are useful in dysentry, asthma
and respiratory troubles.

CORIARACEAE

Coriaria nepalensis Wall.

Name : Gangeru (Garhwal), Masuri (Dun). Habit : Shrub. Flowers :
Green, April-May. Notes : On ravines.
Uses : Leaves are used ad adulterant with Tecoma status.

PAP1LIONACEAE

Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.

Name : Sisham. Habit : Tree. Flowers : Yellow, March-May. Notes :
On sandy alluvium upto 1 200 m also cultivated.
Uses : Wood is useful in leprosy, and to allay vomitting. Leaves
are used in decoction in gonorrhoea.
 — 19 —

Crotalaria albida Heyne ex Roth (C. epunctata) .

Habit : Undershrub. Flowers : Pale yellow, July-September. Notes :
Upto 1 800 m.
Uses : Roots are purgative.
Crotalaria juncea Linn.
Name : Sani.
Uses : Seeds are poisonous to livestock and used to purify blood.

Crotalaria sericea Retz.

Name : Sani (Dun). Habit : Undershrub. Flowers : Purplish yellow,
Aug.-October. Notes : Cultivated and in fallow lands upto 1 700 ra.
Uses : Plant is poisonous to livestock but useful in seabies.
Trifolium repens Linn.
Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : White; tinged with pink, April-
June, notes : Ascending to 2 700 m.
Uses : Plant is poisonous to horses.
Trifolium pratense Linn.
Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : Red purple, April-July. Notes :
Between 1 200-2 500 m.
Uses : Dried flowers are employed in whooping cough, bronchitis
and for making anti asthmatic cigarettes. In the form of
ointment used as local application to ulcers.

Abrus precatorius Linn.

Name : Gaunchi (Garhwal), Ratti (Hindi). Habit : Climber. Flowers :
August-September. E. conditions : Upto 6 000 m.
Uses : Roots are emetic and have been used in suicidal and
homicidal causes. Seed are useful for fistula and as poultice for
maturing wounds.
Abrus pulchellus Wall.
Name : Habit : Climber. Flowers : August-
September. Notes :
Uses : Uses are the same as of A. precatorius.

Melilotas alba.
Habit : Herb. Flowers : Pale pink, July-August. Notes : Ascending
to 2 700 m.
Uses : The herb is useful releiving flatulance, externally it is
applied as fomentation for pains. The fruit is carminative
and useful in leneoderma.
Desmodium tiliaefolium G. Don.
Habit : Shrub. Flowers : White. Notes : Ascending to 900 m.
Uses : The roots are diuretic and tonic, used to improve appetite
and enrich blood.
 — 20 —

Desmodium gangeticum DC.

Habit : Shrub. Flowers : White tinged with purple, March. Notes .
Ascending to 1 500 m.
Uses : Roots are astringent in diarrhoea, diuretic and useful in
fever, cough, vomitting and asthma.
Desmodium pseudo-triqaetum DC (D. triquetrum)
Habit : Shrub. Flowers : Notes : Ascending to
1 200 m.
Uses : Extract of the leaves is useful in piles.
Desmodium latifoliurn DC.
Habit : Undershrub. Flowers : Bright purple. Notes : Upto 900 m.
Uses : Roots have been reported to cure blood in urine mixed
with other things but not locally used.
Uraria picta Desv.
Name : Prishiparni (Hindi). Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : Purple.
Notes : at 2 400 m.
Uses : The plant is used for sore mouth.
Uraria hatnosa Wall ex Wt. & Arn.
Habit : Undershrub. Notes : 2 000 m.
Uses : Decoction of the leaves is useful in cases of fever.
Ougenia oojenensis (Roxb) Hoch (O. dalbergioides Benth.).
Name : Sandan (Hindi), notes : In gullies upto 1 200 m. Habit : tree.
Flowers : Pale rose, February-March.
Uses : The bark is febrifuge and gives a gum, useful in dysentry
and diarrhoea.
Butea monosperma (Lamk) Kuntz. (B. frondosa Roxb.).
Name : Palas; Dhak (Hindi). Habit : Tree. Flowers : Orange red,
March-April. Notes : Ascending to 1 200 m.
Uses : Gum from the tree is useful in chronic diarrhoea. The
seeds are anthelmintic and useful in curing « Dholus itch ».
Gum from the stem is tonic and diuretic.
Moghania strobilifera (L.) St. Hill ex Jacks. (Flemingia strobili-
fera R. Br. var. fruticulsa).
Habit : Procumbent shrub. Flowers : Pink, August-October. Notes :
Uses : Roots are used to induce sleep and releive pain with no
ill effect.

Lathyrus aphaca Linn.

Habit : Herb. Flowers : Yellow, April-May. Notes : Weed of waste
place and grassy areas.
Uses : Seeds are narcotic and produce headache, if eaten abun-
 — 21 —

dantly in ripe stage but when young serve as pea and harm
less.
Desmodiurn triflorum DC.
Habit : Shrub. Flowers : Bright blue, September-October. E. notes :
Upto 1 200 m.
Uses : The leaves are useful as remedy for diarrhoea, dysentry,
and convulsion. Fresh leaves are applied to wound and
abscessis.
Tephrosia pur pur ea Pers.
Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : Red. E. notes : Upto 1 200 m.
Uses : The plant is used as anthelmintic and as blood purifier.
Indigofera enneaphylla Linn.
Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : Red, January-December. Notes :
Notes : Upto 1.200 m. on grassy slopes.
Uses : The juice of the plant is useful in old reval affections.
Indigofera linifolia Retz.
Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : Red, July-September. Notes : In
grassy areas at 2 000 m.
Uses : The plant is useful in amenorrhoea.
Indigofera trifoliata Linn.
Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : Red, January-December. Notes :
Ascending to 1 200 m.
Uses : Seeds are astringent and tonic, useful in rheumatism.
Indigofera pulchella Roxb.
Name : Sakina (Garhwal). Habit : Shrub. Flowers : Rose coloured,
March-May. Notes : Upto 1 500 m in abandoned fleds.
Uses : Decoction of roots is useful in cough.
MUletia auriculata Baker.
Name : Ganj (Hindi). Habit : Climbing shrub. Flowers : White, May-
June. Notes : Upto 900 m.
Uses : The roots are applied to sores of the catties to kill vermin.
Atylosia sarabaeoides Benth.
Habit : Shrub. Flowers : Yellow, July-September.
June.
Uses : The plant is used as medicine for diarrhoea in catties.
Erythrina sub er osa Roxb.
Habit : Shrub. Flowers : Notes : In the outer hills.
Uses : Leaves are cathartic and anthelmintic. Juice of the leaves
is used for killing maggots of ulcers. Bark of plant is laxative
and febrifuge and useful in dysentry.
 — 22 —

C AES ALPIN ACEAE

Cassia Absus Linn.
Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : Reddish yellow, August-September.
Notes : Ascending to 1 600 m.
Uses : The leaves are astringent and used as remedy for cough;
seeds are catharthic and used in skin disease.
Cassia rnimosoides Linn. var. Wallichiana.
Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : Yellow, August-November. Notes :
On grassy slopes between 1 500-1 800 m.
Uses : Roots are useful in spasm stomachic.
Cassia fistula Linn.
Name : Amelias (Hindi) Sinaru (Garhwal). Habit : Tree. Flowers :
Yellow, April-July. Notes : Cultivated and wild upto 1 200 m.
Uses : Pulp of the pods is laxative and used medicinally. The
bark and leaves are useful in cutaneous erruptions.
Cassia Torci Linn. (C. obtusiloba Linn.).
Name : Panivar (Hindi). Habit : Annual shrub. Flowers : Yellow,
July-September. Notes : Weeds of rainy season upto 700 m.
Uses : Leaves are useful in skin diseases. Seeds are used as
substitute for coffee and are sedative not locally.
Cassia sophera Linn.
Name : Kasondi (Hindi). Habit : Shrub. Flowers : Yellow,
July-September. Notes : Weed of rainy season at 600 m.
Uses : Leaves of the plant are externally used as a cure for
ringworm. Decoction is useful in bronchitis. Infusion of the bark
is a remedy for diabetes. Another plant C. occidentalis is also
used for the same purposes.
Cciesalpinia sepiaria Roxb.
Habit : Shrub. Flowers : Yellow, March-April. Notes : In ravines
upto 1 800 m.
Uses : The leaves are laxative and applied to burns. The bark is
astringent.
Caesalpinia cristata Linn. (C. Bonduc (L) Skeels.).
Name : Kak-karay (Hindi, Garhwal). Habit : Shrub. Flowers : Yellow.
Notes : In abandonned fields upto 1 200 m.
Uses : The leaves and seeds are used externally for dispersing
inflammatory swellings. Tender leaves are useful in disorders
of the liver.
Bauhinia VahlU Wt. & Arn.
Name : Malo (Garhwal) . Habit : Climbing shrub. Flowers : April-June.
Notes : Ascending to 700 m.
Uses : Seeds are tonic and aphrodisiac.
 — 23 —

Bauhinia retusa Roxb.

Name : Semla (Hindi). Habit : Tree. Flowers : September-October.
Notes : In outer Himalayas upto 1 200 m.
Uses : Gum from the plant is used as application for sores.

Bauhinia purpur ea Linn.

Name : Carhwal (Garhwal). Habit : Tree. Flowers :
September-November. Notes : Ascending to 1 200 m.
Uses : Flowers are laxative. Root is carinecti and the bark is
astringent.

Bauhinia variegata Linn.

Name : Kachnar (Hindi), Habit : Tree. Flowers : February-April.
Notes : upto 1 200 m.
Uses : Decoction of root is useful in dyspepsia and flatulence.

MIMOSACEAE

Mimosa himalaya Gamble (M. rubicaulis Lamk).

Habit : Prickly shrub. Flowers : Purple changing to white, Aug.-Sept.
Notes : In fallow and grasslands upto 1 500 m.
Uses : Leaves in the form of infusion are useful in piles and
burns. Powdered roots are useful in vomitting of food.

Acacia Catechu Willd.

Name : Katha, Khair (Hindi). Habit : Tree. Flowers : Yellow, May-
June.
Albizzia Lebbek Benth.
Name : Siris (Hindi). Habit : Tree. Flowers : Greenish wrhite, April-
May. Notes : Ascending to 900 m.
Uses : The bark is useful in eye sores. Decoction of the plant can
be used in diarrhoea.

Albizzia mollis (Boiv. A. julibrissim).

Name : Bhonder (Garhwal). Habit : Small tree. Flowers : Pink, April-
June. Notes : In open sunny ravines.
Uses : Bark and seeds are astringent and given in piles and
diarrhoea.

Albizzia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr. (A. stipulata Boiv.).

Name : Sims (Hindi). Habit : Tall tree. Flowers : April-July. Notes :
Upto 1 200 m.
Uses : Infusion of bark is useful for cuts scabies and skin
diseases.
 — 24 —

ROSACEAE

Prunus cerasioides D. Don.

Name : Padain (Hindi) Phaga (Garhwal). Habit : Tree. Flowers :
Pink, April-May. Notes: Wild or cultivated in outskirts of villages.
Uses : Kerne is useful in stone and gravel of Kidnys.
Geurn alatum Wall.
Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : Yellow, Sept.-October. Notes :
Between 900-2 000 m.
Uses : The plant is useful in dysentry and diarrhoea.
Getim urbanum Linn.
Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : Yellow, May-July. Notes : Between
1 800-3 300 m.
Uses : The plant is astringent and tonic, used in restoring power
in debility.
Potentilla Kieiniana Wt. & Arn.
Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : Yellow, May-October. Notes :
Between 900-2 000 m.
Uses : The plant is astringent and the first leaves are applied to
ulcers.
Potenililla fulgens Wall.
Name : Bajadaste (Garhwal). Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : Orange
yellow, August-October. Notes : Between 1 800-2 700 m.
Uses : The plant is used for strengthening teeth.
Potentilla nepalensis Hook. f.
Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : Crimson, July-August. Notes :
Between 1 500-2 700 m.
Uses : Roots are depurative and its ashes are used in burns when
mixed with oil.
Potentilla rigida Wall (P. fruticosa Linn.).
Habit : Shrub. Flowers : Yellow, July-September. Notes : Between
2 400-3 600 m.
Uses : Infusion of leaves is astringent and used as substitute of
tea.
Rosa Brunonii Lindl. (R. moschata Mill).
Name : Kunja (Garhwal). Habit : Climbing shrub. Flowers : White,
March-June. Notes : Upto 1 500 m in hot valleys and along streams
and open ravines.
Uses : The plant can be cultivated like other species for distilling
Attar and Rosewater, used medicinally in eye and other
diseases.
 SAXIFRAGACEAE

Bergenia ligulata (Wall) Engl. (Saxifraga ligulata Wall).

Name : Simphar (Garhwal), Pakhanbed. Habit : Perennial herb.
Flowers : Red, March-April. Notes : On rocks between 2 000-3 000 m.
Uses : The rhizome is astringent, diuretic and dissolve gravel in
the bladder, useful in hydrophoibia enlargement of spleen,
tubousness, diseases of liver etc. It is also used for removing
mucus from the intestine, in diarrhoea and fevers.
Bergenia strachey (Engl.) (Saxifraga strachey Hk. f. and Th).
Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : White pink, June. Notes : Above
3 000 m.
Uses : The plant can be used as a good source of tanin.

CRASSULACEAE

Sedum multicaule Wall.

Habit : Herb. Flowers : Yellow, July-August. Notes : Between 1 200-
2 000 m.
Uses : The plant is used as emolient and vulnery in China but not
used in Garhwal.
Kalanchoe s pal hula ta (Poir) DC.
Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : Yellow, September-November.
Notes : In dry situation on stony ground between 300-1 000 m.
Uses : The plant is poisnous to goats. Leaves are useful in
Cholera, burnt and applied to wounds.

Prinsepia utilis Roy le.

Name : Bhekal (Garhwal). Habit : Shrub. Flowers : White. Notes :
On abandoned fields and road sides upto.
Uses : The seeds yield an oil, used as rubifacient and for
application in rheumatism and pain from fatigue.
Agrimonies, pilosa var. nepalensis (Don) Nakai (A. eupatorium
Linn., A. nepalensis Don).
Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : Yellow, July-September. Notes r
Between 1 000-2 000 m.
Uses : The roots are astringent and diuretic and in decoction are
useful in cough and diarrhoea. Powdered leaves are anthel-
mintic and used as tape worm remedy for man and animals.
Coloneaster microphylla Wall.
Name : Gheri (Kumaon), Bhedda (Garhwal). Habit : Shrub. Flowers :
White, April-June. Notes : On rocks between 1 200-3 000 m.
Uses : Stolons of the plant are sometimes used as astringent.
 — 26 —

Cotoneaster bacillaris Wall.

Name : Ruins (Garhwal). Habit : Small tree. Flowers : White, April-
June. Notes : Between 1 200-2 500 m in Kharsu forests.
Uses : Used like C. microphylla.
Fragaria nubicola Lindl (F. vesca Linn. var. nubicola).
Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : White, May-June. Notes : Common
on the ground between 1 500-3 000 m.
Uses : The leaves and fruits are astringent and diuretic, useful
in diarrhoea and affections of urinary organs. In Kashmir
rootsocks used as substitute for coffee.
Molhego pentaphylht Linn (M. stricta).
Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : Pink, July-August. Notes : Upto
1 800 m.
Uses : The plant is stomachic and antiseptic not used locally.

UMBELUFERAE

Cenlella asiatica (Linn.) Urban (Hydrocotyle asiatica Linn.).

Name : Brahami (Hindi). Habit : Herb. Flowers : Purple white, April-
May. Notes : Ascending to 1 000 m on moist situations.
Uses : Infusion of the plant is used in treatment of leprosy. Oil
from the leaves is cooling and useful as hair oil.
Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb. var nepalensis.
Habit : Herb. Flowers : Yellow green, July. Notes : Between 600-
2 000 m.
Uses : The plant is used as substitute for C. asiatica in diseases
of skin & blood. It occurs leucoderma and bronchitis. Leaves
are useful in indigestion and dysentry.
Bupleurtun falcatum Linn.
Habit : Herb. Flowers : Yellow, August-September. Notes : Common
on the ground in cak forests, between 900-3 000 m.
Uses : The roots are useful in lever troubles and abdominal
inflammation and fever.
Angelica glauca Edgw.
Name : Chora (Garhwal). Habit : Herb. Flowers : W7hite,
July-September. Notes : Between 2 400-3 000 m.
Uses : The rootstock is aromatic and used as condiment. It is
used in removing flatulance and in dyspepsia.

ARAUACEAE

Hedera nepalensis K. Koch {H. helix Linn. var. nepalensis) .

Habit : Climbing shrub. Flowers : Yellow green, September-October-
Notes : On tree trunks between 1 800-3 000 m.
Uses :
 27

DROSERACEAE

Drosera peltata Sm (D. lunata Buch-Ham).

Habit : Herb. Flowers : White, August-September. Notes : On
grassy slopes upto 3 000 m.
Uses : The leaves of the plant are said to reduce gold to powder
(Blashma) which is used as antisyphilitic, alterative and
tonic.
LYTHRACEAE

Woodfordta frutioosa (Linn.) Kurz (W. floribunda Salisb).

Name : Dhanla (Garhwal). Habit : Shrub. Flowers : Red. Notes : In
hot valleys upto 1 500 m.
Uses : The flowers are astringent, useful in affections of mucous
membrane & bilious complaints. Dried flowers are used in
dysentry.
ONAGRACEAE

Epilobiwn hirsutwn Linn.

Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : Pink purple, August-September. Notes:
Between 1 500-2 000 m.
Uses : The plant is poisonous and used as application for warts.

CUCURBTTACEAE

Cueumis trigonus Boxb.

Habit : Climbing shrub. Flowers : Yellow. Notes : Upto 1 500 m.
Uses : Pulp of the fruit is drastic purgative. Seeds are cooling
and useful in bilious disorders.

FSCOiDEAE

Mollugo nwdicaulis Lamk.

Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : Pink, July-August. Notes : Upto
1 200 m.
Uses : The leaves are applied to boils to relieve pain. Plant is
considered useful in whooping cough. The leaves of the plant
are useful for fomentation in glandular enlargements,
indolent ulcers etc... Berries are useful in febrile disorders;
infusion is useful in rheumatism.

RUBIACEAE
Galiurn aparine Linn.
Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : White tinged with green, July- August.
Notes : Ascending to 3 600 in shady places.
 — 28 —

Uses : The juice of the plant is diuretic but not locally used.
Extract of plant when injected to dog reduce blood pressure,
upto 50 % without showing pulse.
Galium rotundifolium Linn. {G. elegans Wall.).
Habit : Annual herb. Flowers: White tinged with green, July-August.
Notes : Upto 1 200 m in moist places.
Uses : The plant is useful in sore throat and chest complaints.
Oldenlandia corymhosa Linn.
Habit : Herb. Flowers: White, August-October. Notes : Between 900-
2 000 m.
Uc-es : Decoction of the plant is useful in remittent fevers with
gastric irritation and nervous depression. The plant is useful
in jaundice and diseases of lever.
Randia brandissi Gamble (R. dumetorum Lamk.).
Habit : Spiny shrub. Flowers : Greenish or yellow white, April-June.
Notes : In shady places upto 1 000 m.
Uses : Extract from root bark is insecticidal. Fruit is useful in
dysentry and in incidental ailment of children during
dysentry.
Hamiltonia suaveolens Roxb.
Name : Padera (kumaon). Habit : Shrub. Flowers : Notes :
Uses : The infusion of the root is useful in conobature.
Rubia cordifolia Linn, var . Munjista Miquel (R. cordifolia Linn.).
Name : Majith (Hindi). Habit : Climbing herb. Flowers : Red, July-
October. Notes : Upto 2400 m.
Uses : Root of the plant is useful in liver complaints,
enlargement of spleen. The decoction of the leaves and roots is
useful for pleuresy and other inflammatory conditions of chest.
Roots give a dye used in colouring medicinal oils.

VALERIANACEAE

Valeriana jatamansi Jones (V. Wallichii DC).

Name : Tagar (Hindi). Habit : Climbing herb. Flowers : White,
March-April. Notes : Common upto 3 000 m in shady places.
Uses : Roots are useful in diseases of eye, blood, liver, spleen etc...
They are also useful for clearing voice as stimulant and in
advanced stages of fevers.
Valeriana hardwichii Wall.
Habit : Perrennial herb. Flowers : W7hite, July-September. Notes :
Between 1 200-3 600 m.
Uses : The properties are the same as of V. jatamansi.
 — 29 —

Nardastachys jatamansi DC.

Name : Jatamansi (Garhwal Hindi), Balchar. Habit : Perennial herb.
Flowers : June-September. Notes : In alpine grassy areas at
4 000 m.
Uses : The roots are aromatic and useful in epilepsy, hysteria
and in intestinal colic and palpitation of heart. Locally it is
used to colour the oil for hairs.

COMPOSITAE

Vernania cinerea Less.

Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : Purple, August-September. Notes :
Weed of roadside and waste places upto 1500 m.
Uses : Roots of the plant are anthelmintic and used for horses.
Plant in decoctionis used to promote respiration in febrile
conditions and as a remedy for spasm of bladder and
stranguery.
Adenastemma lapvenia (Linn.) O. Ktze. (A. viscosum Forst).
Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : August. Notes : Upto 1500 m.
Uses : Leaves are antiseptic.
Dichocephala latifolia DC.
Habit : Annual heb. Flowers : White yellow, June-September. Notes :
Upto 2 000 m.
Uses : Decoction of the flower buds is sudorific and diuretic.
Erigeron canadensis Linn.
Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : Pink white, May-August. Notes : Upto
2 000 m.
Uses : The plant is astrigent and diuretic, useful in diarrhoea and
dysentry. Oil from the plant is useful in intestinal
haemorrhage and in dysentry.
Erigeron linifolius Willd.
Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : Purple white, May-August. Notes :
Upto 2 000 m.
Uses : The leaves are useful in lumbago and rheumatism but not
locally used.
Solidago Virga-aurea Linn.
Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : White yellow, June-August. Notes :
Between 1 500-2 000 m.
Uses : The flowers are diaphoretic, carminative and vulnery.
Dried plant is useful in dysentry.
Gnaphalium luteo-album Linn.
Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : Yellow, June-August. Notes : Upto
2 000 m.
 — 30 —

Uses : Leaves are astringent and vulnery. The tomentum of the

leaf is applied as counter irritant in gout used in lindea.

Siegesbackia orienlkolis Linn.

Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : Yellow white. Notes : Upto 2 000 m
in moist situations.
Uses : The fresh plant is valuable for healing dangerous ulcers
and sores, useful in ringworm as antiseptic. It is used as a
remedy for ague, rheumatism and colic in China.

Galinsoga parviflora Cav.

Habit : Herb. Flowers : Yellow, January-December. Notes : Near
houses and waste places in moist situations between 1 200-2 400 m.
Uses : The plant is useful against wettle stings, when rubbed
on the body.
XanlJxiurn strumanum Linn.
Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : April-November. Notes : Weed of
waste places at 600 m.
Uses : The plant is useful in malarial fever. Roots are cooling
and given in small pox.
Ageratium conyzoides Linn.
Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : Pale blue, May-September. Notes :
Weed of roadsides and warm low valleys upto 1 500 m.
Uses : Leaves are used for cuts and sores.

Biden internata (Lour.) Merr. & Sheriff. {B. pilosa auct. non
Linn.).
Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : Yellow, September-October. Notes :
Upto 2 000 m.
Uses : Leaves of the plant are useful for ulcers and smoken
glands, the juice ofsqueezed is put into the eye and ear for
their complaints. Flowers are useful in diarrhoea.
Achillea millefoliwn Linn.
Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : White, August-October. Notes : Upto
2 000 m.
Uses : The plant is useful in hysteria, flowers are stimulant and
tonic to brain. Decoction of fresh leaves is regarded as
specific against cold and other ailments common to
childhood.
Artemisia scoparia W. K.
Habit : Herb. Flowers : White, tinged with green, September-October.
Notes : Upto 2 000 m.
Uses : Infusion of the plant is purgative and useful for ear
troubles.
 — 31 —

Artemisia nilagcsrica (Clarke) Pamp. (A. vulgaris Linn.).

Hahit : Shrub like herb. Flowers : White. Notes : Between 2 000-
3 500 m.
Uses : Leaves and flower tops are useful in debility and asthma.
They are antiseptic and anthelmintic when given as
decoction.
Gerbera lanuginosa Benth.
Habit : Kapasi (Garhwal). Flowers : Red. Notes :
Uses : White cotton like coating on the under surface of the leaf
is used as tinder and for staunching wounds.
Emilia sonchifolia (Linn.) DC.
Habit : Herb. Flowers : Purple, August-September. Notes»: Upto
1 800 m.
Uses : Decoction of the plant is useful in bowel complaints.
Sausurea <xùndicans C. B. Clarke.
Habit : Herb. Flowers : Pale red, April-June. Notes : Upto 2 000 m.
Uses : Seeds are carminative.
Saussurea hypoleuca Spreng.
Habit : Herb. Flowers : Dark purple, August-October. Notes : Upto
3 500 m.
Uses : Leaves are purgative and used in Indo-China but not in
Garhwal.
Saussurea obvallata Wall.
Name: Brahama kamal. Habit: Perennial. Flowers: Purple. Notes:
Uses : Roots are applied to cuts and bruises. Flowers are kept
in house to keep away the evil spirits.
Saussurea lappa C. B. Clarke.
Name : Kuth. Habit : Herb. Flowers : September. Notes : Introduced
for the roots as medicinal plants in Bhillangua valley by the
erstwhile Maharja.
Uses : Roots are useful in bronchitis, asthma, cough and fever.
Its is useful in cholera and chronic skin diseases. Oil from
the roots is cardial stimulant.
Sonchus oleraceus Linn.
Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : Yellow, July-October. Notes : Weed
upto 2 400 m.
Uses : Gum obtained by evaporation of the latex is useful as
carthartic and has powerful action upon liver.
Sonchus arvensis Linn.
Habit : Succulent annual herb. Flowers : Yellow, July-October.
Notes : Upto 2 400 m.
Uses : The plant is useful in fevers and jaundice.
Sonchus asper Bill.
Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : Yellow, August. Notes : Upto 3 000 m.
Uses : The plant is useful as application to wounds & boils.
Sphaeranthus indie a Linn.
Name : Mundi (Hindi). Habit : Herb. Flowers : December-May.
Notes : In rice fields upto 1 200 m.
Uses : The flowers are used in skin diseases. Decoction of the
plant is diuretic and useful in urethral discharges. Paste of
the plant made with oil is useful in affections for itch.
Taraxacum officinale Wigg.
Name : Dudhli (Hindi, Garhwal). Habit : Annual herb. Flowers :
Yellow, March-November. Notes : Very common upto 5 000 m.
Uses : The roots are diuretic and useful in skin and kidney
disorders. It is extensively employed in chronic diseases of
digestive organs, especially hepatic affections, jaundice,
enlargement of liver.
Lactuca scariola Linn.
Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : March-November. Notes : Between
1 800-3 300 m.
Uses : Fresh plant is mild sedative, diuretic and antispasmodic.
It is useful in treatment of cough, bronchitis and asthma.
Echinops echinaiias Roxb.
Habit : Herb. Flowers : Head with spur, August. Notes : upto 1 500 m.
Uses: The roots are applied to the wounds of cattle for destroying
maggots. Infusion of the plants is useful in seminal debility.
E dipt a prostata Roxb. {E. alba (L) Hassk.).
Habit : Herb. Flowers : White, August-September. Notes : Upto
1 500 m.
Uses : The plant is useful in hepatic and spleen enlargements,
also for catarrh in infants. Externally it is useful in skin
diseases.
ERICACEAE

Lyomia ovcilifolia (Wall.) Drude (Pieris ovalifolia D. Don).

Name : Ayar (Garhwal). Habit : Tree. Flowers : White, May. Notes :
Between 900-2 400 m chiefly associated with oak trees.
Uses : Leaves and young buds are poisonous to goats and cattle.
Rhododendron arboretum Smith.
Name : Burans. Habit : Tree. Flowers : Red, March-May. Notes :
Common associate of Quercus incana.
Uses : Young leaves are poisonous. Flowers petals are eaten by
natives.
 — 33 —

Rhododendron campanulatum D. Don.

Name : Simris (Garhwal). Habit : Shrub. Flowers : Ginamom
coloured, May-July. Notes : Above 3 000 m associate of alpine scrubs.
Uses : Leaves are poisonous to goats. Dried twigs are useful in
cold and chronic fevers.
Rhododendron lepidotum "Wall.
Name : Simris (Garhwal). Habit : Aromatic shrub. Flowers : Red,
yellow or purple. Notes : On rocks between 2 400-4 500 m.
Uses : Leaves are aromatic and produce sneezing.

PLUMB AGINACEAE

Plumbago zeylanica Linn.

Name : Chitrak (Hindi). Habit : Rambling undershrub. Flowers :
white, June-August. Notes : In open scrub forests upto 1 200 m.
Uses : Roots are appetzer and useful in diarrhoea, skin deseases,
dyspepsia etc. Tincture of the root is sudorific and useful in
intermittent fevers. Milky juice is used as application in
scabies and unhealthy ulcers.

PRIMULACEAE

Anagallis arvensis Linn.

Habit : Herb. Flowers : Blue, May-October. Notes : Upto 1 500 m.
Uses : The plant is useful in gout, leprosy and cerebral affections.

EBENACEAE

Diospyros montana Roxb.

Name : Bristindu (Hindi). Habit : Tree, Flowers. Notes : Upto
1 500 m. in outer hills.
Uses : Fruits are poisonous and used externally for piles.

MYRSINACEAE

Myrsine af ricana Linn.

Name : Rikhdalni (Garhwal). Habit : Shrub. Flowers : March-May.
Notes : In hot valleys & as undergrowth in chir forests between
300-3 500 m.
Uses : Fruits are cathartic, anthelmintic and vermifuge.
Decoction of the leaf is blood purifier.
Maesa indica Wall.
Habit : Tree, Flowers : Janu.-April. Notes : Upto 1 800 m.
Uses : Fruit is anthelmintic.
Journal d'Agriculture tropicale 3
 — 34 —

STYRACEAE

Symplocos chinensis (Lour.) Druce (S. crataegoides Ham.).

Habit : Small tree. Flowers : White, May-July. Notes : Between 1 000-
3 000 m.
Uses : The leaves are astringent and useful in diarrhoea. Bark of
the plant is supposed to promote maturation of stagnant
tumours.

OLEACEAE

Jasminum officinale Linn.

Name : Holbal (Jannsar). Habit : Shrub. Flowers : White, May-June.
Notes : Between 1 000-3 000 m.
Uses : Flowers are useful in diseases of heart; diabetes thirst,
skin and blood diseases. Roots are useful in ringworm.

Jasminum grandit lorum Linn.

Name : Jai (Garhwal), Chambele (Hindi). Habit : Climbing shrub
Flowers : White, tinged with purple outside. Notes : Between
600-1 500 m.
Uses : Fresh juice of leaves is applied to soften corn between the
toes. Leaves are useful in ulcération and erruption of mucous
membrance of mouth and toothache. Flowers give an oil,
useful in skin diseases.
Jasminum humile Linn.
Name : Rilijar (Garhwal). Habit : Erect shrub. Flowers: Yellow, May-
June. Notes : Between 600-1 500 m.
Uses : Flowers are astringent and tonic to heart and bowels.
Roots are useful in ringworm.
Olea cuspidata Wall.
Name : Bair banj (Garhwal). Habit : Tree. Flowers : April-May.
Uses : Oil from the fruit is rubifacient, useful in rheumatism
and lumbago. Leaves are astringent, useful in fever and
debility. Fruit is used in liver complaints and toothache.

APOCYNACEAE

Valaris solanacea Oktze (v. Heynei Spreng).

Habit : Twining shrub. Flowers : White, December-April. Notes :
Upto 1 500.
Uses : Milky juice of the plant is irritant and applied to old
wounds and ulcers.
 — 35 —

Alstonia scholaris Brown.

Habit : Tall evergreen tree. Flowers : Greenish white, December-
March. Notes : In outer hills upto 1 500 m.
Uses : Bark of the tree is tonic and useful in malaria, diarrhoea
Wrightiia tomentosa Roem. & Sch.
Name : Indarjaun. Habit: Small tree. Flowers: Pale yellow, May-June.
Notes : Upto 1 200 m.
Uses : Bark of stem and root is useful in menstural and renal
complaints.
Carissa opaca Stapf. (C. spinamm Linn.).
Habit : Shrub. Flowers : White, April-June. Notes : In scrub forests
upto 1 800 m.
Uses : The roots are purgative. Flowers are very much scented.
Holarrhena cpitidysenterica Wall.
Name : Kura, Dudhi (Garhwal). Habit : Small tree, Flowers : White,
May-June. Notes : Upto 1 000 m. in outer hills.
Uses : Bark is digestive, antidysenteric and excellent remedy for
diarrhoea. Seeds are also effective in diarrhoea, fevers,
jaundice, chest diseases and stone in bladder.
Thevetia perttviana (Pers.) K. Schum. (T. nereifolia Juss.).
Name : Pila kaver. Habit : Shrub or small tree, Flowers : Yellow.
Notes : Cultivated as hedge near houses in Tehri.
Uses : Bark of the tree is useful in intermittent fevers. Milky
juice and seeds are higly poisonous.
Trachelospertnum fragrctns Hook. f.
Habit : Small climber. Flowers : White, May-June. Notes : In moist
shady ravines between 1 000-2 000 m.
Uses : The bark of the plant is tonic and useful in malarial
fevers; used as substitute for Alstonia scholaris in Kumaon.

ASCLEPEDIACEAE

Cryptolepis Buchanani Roem & Schult.

Name : Mida Singh. Habit : Climbing shrub. Flowers : Pale white,
May-June. Notes : Upto 1 200 m. in hot valleys.
Uses : The plant is used for curing rickets of children and to
increase supply of milk in women.
Calotropis procera R. Br.
Name : Madar, Akha (Garhwali and Hindi). Habit : Shrub. Flowers :
Purplish red, February-May. Notes : In low hot valleys on sandy
alluvium upto 1 000 m.
 — 36 —

Uses : Tincture of the leaves is useful in treatment of remittent

fever & in small doses in treatment of cough cold, asthma,
and indigestion. Latex of the plant is useful in cutaneous
affections and enlargement of viscera and cough. Flowers
are digestive and tonic useful in asthma. Powdered roots
promote gastric secretion. Oil in which the leaves have
been boiled is applied to paralysed parts.

Watta kaka volubilis (L) Stapf. (Marsdenia volubilis (L) Cook.

Dreaga volubilis Benth. ex Hk. f.
Habit : Twining shrub. Flowers : Dark green, April-June. Notes :
Upto 1 500 m.
Uses : The plant is useful in cold and eye diseases. Roots and
tender stalks are considered expectorant.
Marsdenia Roy lei Wt. & Arn.
Name : Maria bel. Habit : Twining shrub. Flowers : May-June. Notes:
Upto 2 000 m.
Uses : Unripe fruit is powdered and given as colloing medicine.
Decoction of the plant is useful as a remedy in gonorrhoea.
Asclepias curassavica Linn.
Habit : Herb. Flowers : Orange, Jan.-Dec. Notes : Near Water streams
upto 1 000 m.
Uses : Juice of the leaves is anthelmintic and sudorific.

Pergularia daemia (Forsk) Dene (Pergularia extensa), Daemia

extensa R. Br.
Habit : Hairy Climber. Flowers : Yellowish green, April-July. Notes :
Upto 2 000 m.
Uses : The plant is emetic and expectorant. Juice of the leaves
is useful in catarrhal infections, infantile diarrhoea and
asthma. Fresh leaves made into a pulp are used as poultic
in carbuncle.

GENTIANACEAE

Gentiana tenella.
Habit : Herb. Flowers : Blue, September. Notes : Between 3 000-
3 600 m.
Uses : Decoction of the plant is given in fevers.

Gentiana Kurroo Roy le.

Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : Blue, July-September. Notes :
Between 1 500-3 300 m.
Uses : Roots of the plant are tonic and febrifuge for urinary
affections.
 — 37 —

Swertia chirata Buch.-Ham.

Name : Chirayata (Hindi) . Flowers : Green yellow; tinged with purple
having two glands on each petal, September-November. Notes :
Between 1 200-1 300 m.
Use:: : Dried twigs of the plant are sold in bazaar and are tonic,
laxative, febrifuge useful in fever. It cause free discharge of
tube and promote healthy action of liver. Other species used
as substitute are S. paniculta Wall and S. purpurascens
and Swertia alata Royle.

Exacum tetragontun Roxb.

Habit : Herb. Flowers : Blue, July-September. Notes : Upto 1 000 m.
Uses : The plant is useful in fevers.

BORAGINACEAE

Cordia dichotoma Forst. (C. myxa Roxb.).

Name : Lisura. Habit : Tree, Flowers : White, March-April. Notes :
Upto 1 000 m. in the outer hils.
Uses : The fruits are astringent and useful in affections of
urinary passages, diseases of lungs and spleen. Decoction of the
bark is useful in fever and dyspepsia. Kerns make a goal
medicine for cough and asthma.

Trichodesma indicant R. Br.

Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : Pale blue turning to pink, Sept.-Oc-
tober. Notes : Weed of waste places on sandy alluvial soils upto
1 000 m.
Uses : The plant is diuretic. The roots are pounded and made
into a paste used to reduce swelling of joints.

Cynoglosum Wallichii G. Don.

Habit : Herb. Flowers : Blue, July-October. Notes : Upto 1 500 m.
Uses : The plant is useful in checking vomitting in infants.

Heliotropium strigosum Willd.

Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : Pale blue, July-September. Notes :
Upto 3 000 m.
Uses : The plant is diuretic and useful to eye sores. It is
considered as a cure for stinging nettles.
Macrotomia Benthamii DC.
Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : Purple, September. Notes : Upto
3 000 m.
Uses : The plant is useful in diseases of tongue and throat.
 3g

CONVOLVULACEAE

Ipornoea nil Roth (/. hederaceae Jacq.).

Habit : Twining herb. Flowers : Rose coloured, August-September,
Notes : Upto 1 500 m.
Uses : Seeds are carminative and useful in diseases of head,
liver, spleen and are purgative.

Ipornoea eriocarpa R. Br. (/. hispida Roem. & Sch.).

Habit : Twining terb. Flowers : Pink, August-September. Notes :
Upto 1 200 m.
Uses : Plant when boiled in oils is used to cure headache, leprosy
and ulcers.
Ipornoea pes-tigridis Linn.
Habit : Twining herb. Flowers : Pink. Notes : Bushes and hedges
upto.
Uses : Roots are purgative and considered as antidote to dog-bite.
Evolvulus alsinoides Linn.
Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : Blue or white, March-October. Notes :
Weed of grassy areas upto 1 000 m
Uses : The plant is a remedy for dysentry. Leaves are smoked in
bronchitis and asthma.

Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.

Name : Akas-tiel (Hindi). Habit : Parasitic annual herb. Flowers :
White, July-October. Notes : Upto 2 400 m on plants like Zizyphus
Artemisia, Adhatoda, Cellis, Vitex, etc...
Uses : Decoction of the stem is useful in constipation and liver
complaints. Vapours are used to lessen smelling. Externally
poultice of the seeds is applied as anodyne.
Convolvulus arvensis Linn.
Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : Purple with yellow or pale yellow
centre, April-October. Notes : In rice fields upto 1 000 m.
Uses : The roots are purgative and cathartic but regarded as
poisonous due to marked gasto-intestinal irritation it
produces.

SOLANACEAE

Solatium nigrutn Linn.

Name : Makoi (Hindi). Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : White, June-
October. Notes : Upto 2 000 m in shady places.
Uses : Berries of the plant are useful in diarrhoea and fever. The
juice of the plant is effective in treatment of enlarged liver.
 — 39 —

Solatium indicum Linn.

Name : Bhut-Kataia (Hindi). Habit : Shrub. Flowers : Blue,
May-October. Notes : In waste places upto 1 000 m.
Uses : Roots are useful in asthma and fevers. Leaves and fruits
are used as an external application to itch.
Solatium xanthocarpum Sch. & Wendl.
Name : Kateli (Hindi). Habit : Shrub. Flowers : Blue, May-October.
Notes : In waste places to 1 000 m.
Uses : Roots are useful in cough and asthma fumigation, with
vapours of burning seeds is a cure for toothache.
Nicandra physaloides Gaertn.
Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : Blue, July-September. Notes : On
roadsides upto 2 000 m.
Uses : The seeds are used as cure for toothache.
Datura stramonniam Linn.
Name : Dhatura. Habit : Annual shrub. Flowers : White,
July-October. Notes : In waste places upto 1 200 m.
Uses : The leaves of the plant after roasting are applied locally
for removing headache and pain etc. Inhalation of smoke
from burning leaves is useful in asthma. Seeds are narcotic,
young fruits are sedative and intoxicating. Another sp. Datura
metel Linn. (Kaladhatura) with whitish purple flowers has
got the same properties.
Physalis angulata Linn. (Physalis minima Linn.).
Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : Yellow, July-November. Notes :
Upto 2 000 m.
Uses : Fruit is diuretic. Juice of the leaves with oil is poured
into the ear for earache. Another species Physalis peruviana
Linn, is cultivated for the fruits.

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Picrorhiza kurroa Benth.

Habit : Perennial. Flowers : White or blue. Notes : Between 3 000-
5 000 m.
Uses : The roots are stomachic and catharlic useful in fever
and dyspepsia.
Verbascum thapsus Linn.
Name : Gidar-tambaku. Habit : Herb. Flowers : Yellow,
May-September. Notes : In waste places between 900-3 000 m.
Uses : The leaves are useful in chest complaints, dried ones are
smoked for checking cough and asthma.
 40

Kickyia rumosissima (Wall.) Janchen (Linaria ramosissima

Wall.)
Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : Yellow, May-June. Notes : Upto
2 000 m. on walls, etc...
Uses : The plant is useful as a remedy for diabetes.
Euphrasia officinalis Linn.
Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : Liliac, September. Notes : Upto
1 200 m,
Uses : *(Juice of the plants is astringent and used to heal sore of
the feet caused by exposure to moisture) for Sopubia delphi-
nifolia G. Don.
Sopubia delphini folia G. Don.
Habit : Herb. Flowers : Rose eouloured, September. Notes : Upto
1 200 m.
Uses : *{The plant is useful for disorders of the eye, also used
internally in jaundice) for Euphrasia officinalis Linn.
Lindenbergia indica (L) Okze. (L. urticaefolia Lehm.).
Habit : Herb. Flowers : Yellow, April, September and October. Notes:
On the walls of old houses generally upto 1 000 m.
Uses : Juice of the plant is useful in chronic bronchitis and skin
erruptions.
Veronica anagallis Linn.
Habit: Perennial herb. Flowers: Pale purple, March-October. Notes:
Upto 2 000 m.
Uses : The plant is useful in skin diseases, scurvy and impurity
of blood.
Striga asiatica (Lour.) O. Kze. {S. lutea Lour.).
Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : Pale purple, July-October. Notes :
Upto 2 000 m.
Uses : The plant is useful in diseases of blood.

GESNERACEAE

Didymocarpus pedicellata Br.

Habit : Herb. Flowers : Purple, September. Notes : Upto 1 500 m.
Uses : The leaves are used as a cure for stone in kidney and
bladder.

BIGNONIACEAE

Amphicome emodi Lindl.

Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : July-August. Notes : Between 600-
3 000 m.
 — 41 —

Uses : The plant is considered as a substitute for Sivertia chirata

for curing fever.
Oroxylum indicum Veut.
Habit : Tree. Flowers : White, May-July. Notes : Upto 1 200 m.
Uses : Rootbark is useful in diarrhoea and dysentry seeds are
purgative.

ACANTACEAE

Strobilanthes auriculatus Nees.

Habit : Shrub. Flowers : November-March. Notes : In outer hills
upto 1 200 m.
Uses : Powdered leaves are rubbed on the body during cold stage
of intermittent fevers.
Rostellaria procumbens (Linn.) Nees. (Justicia procumbens Linn.)
Habit : Procumbent herb. Flowers : Notes : Upto 1 200 m.
Uses : The plant can be used as a substitute for Fumaria indica.
Barleria dichotoma Roxb. (B. cristata Linn.).
Habit : Flowers : Liliac, July-October. Notes : Upto 1 000 m.
Uses : The plant is useful in fever, bronchitis and blood diseases.
Barleria prionitis Linn.
Habit : Undershrub. Flowers : Yellow, October. Notes : Upto 2 000 m.
Uses : Juice of the plant is useful in catarrhal affections of
children.
Adkatoda vasica Nees.
Name : Arusa, Bansa. Habit : Shrub. Flowers : White clotted with
pink, Dec-April. Notes : In moist places upto 1 200 m.
Uses : The leaves are insecticide, weedicide and herbicide.
Flowers, roots and leaves are useful in pulmonary affections.

VERBENACEAE

Gmelina arborea Linn.

Habit : Tree. Flowers : Brownish yellow, March-April. Notes : Upto
1 200 m in the outer hills.
Ui'Es : Juice of tender leaves is useful in cough, and in removing
worms from ulcers.
Callicarpa arborea Roxb.
Habit : Tree. Flowers : Pale purple, May. Notes : Upto 1 000 m.
Uses : The bark is aromatic, useful in cutaneous affections. Oil
from the root is applied to rheumatic joints.
 — 42 —

Callicarpa macnophylla Vahl.

Habit : Shrub. Flowers : Pink, July-November. Notes : Along ravines
upto 1 500 m.
Uses : Leaves when warmed are applied to rheumatic joints to
releive pain.
Lantana camara Linn. (L. aculeata Linn.).
Habit : Prickly shrub. Flowers : Variously coloured. Notes : Exotic,
introduced to prevent cholera, now naturalised.
Uses : The plant is diaphoretic and carminative. Decoction is
useful in rheumatism and malaria.
Verbena officinalis Linn.
Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : Liliac, April-June. Notes : Upto
2 000 m.
Uses : The leaves are febrifuge and used as rubifacient in
rheumatism, also useful in early stages of fever, cold etc...
Clerodendron indicant (Linn.) O. Kze (C. siphonanthus R. Br.).
Habit : Shrub. Flowers : White, May-September. Notes : Often
cultivated upto 1 500 m.
Uses : The roots are useful in asthma, cough and scrofulous
affections. Leaves are vermifuge and anthelmintic.
Vitex Negundo Linn. var. incisa.
Name : Shimlu (Garhwal). Habit : Shrub. Flowers : Blue purple,
March-June. Notes : In hedges upto 1 000 m.
Uses : Leaves of the plant are useful in headache, catarrhal
fever; juice has the property of removing foelid discharges
and worms from ulcers.

LABIATAE

Perilla frutescens (L.) Brett. (P. ocimoides Linn.).

Habit : Aromatic herb. Flowers : White, April-October. Notes :
Upto 1 500 m.
Uses : Leaves stem and seeds are considered resolvent,
diaphoretic and cephatic in China, not used in Garhwal.
Mertondra strobilifera Benth.
Habit : Shrub. Flowers : April-October. Notes : Upto 1 800 m on dry
rocks.
Uses : Decoction of the plant is useful for healing ulcers and
abrasions of skin.
Roylea calycina (Roxb.) Briq. (R. elegans Wall.).
Habit : Shrub. Flowers : White tinged with pink, May-October.
Notes : Upto 1 500 m.
Uses : Infusion of the leaves is used as febrifuge.
 — 43 —

Nepeta hindostana (Roth.) Haines. (N. ruderalis Hk. f.).

Habitroadsides
: Annualupto
herb.1 200
Flowers
m. : Purplish, July-October. Notes : Along
Uses : The plant is useful in fevers and as a cardieac tonic.
Decoction is used as gargle in sore throat.

Nepeta elliptica Royle ex Benth.

Habit : Herb. Flowers : Pale blue, July-October. Notes : Upto 3 000 m.
Uses : Infusion of seeds in cold is useful in dysentry.

Prunella vulgaris Linn. {Brunella vulgaris Linn.).

Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : Purple or whiie, March-October.
Notes : Between 1 800-2 000 m.
Uses : The plant is useful in fevers, cough, asthma, and
diarrhoea.. Infusion is used as mouth wash.

Mentha sylvestris Linn.

Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : July-October. Notes : Near water
streams upto 3 000 m.
Uses : The plant is useful in bronchitis, diarrhoea and dysentery.

Origanum vulgar e Linn.

Habit : Perennial. Flowers : Pink. Notes : Dry places.
Uses : The plant contains an volatile oil, useful in rheumatism
and toothache.

Thymus serpyllwn Linn.

Habit : Shrub. Flowers : Purple, September. Notes : Between 2 000-
3 000 m.
Uses : The plant is useful in liver and stomach diseases. Leaves
are used for purification of blood and are laxative. Infusion
is useful in whooping cough.
Salvia pleberia R. Br.
Habit : Undershrub. Flowers : April-May. Notes : Upto 1 200 m.
Uses : Seeds are useful in diarrhoea.

Salvia lanata Roxb.

Habit : Herb. Flowers : Blue, April-July. Notes : Between 1 500-
2 400 m.
Uses : Roots are useful in cold and cough. Seeds are emetic and
useful in dysentry.
Pogostemon parviflorus Benth.
Habit : Shrub. Flowers : White, tinged with pink, April-October.
Notes : In ravines upto 1 200 m.
Uses : Fresh leaves are styphtic and when bruised are applied to
clean wounds and promote healthy granulation.
 — 44 —

Colebrookia oppositifolia Smith.

Name : Binda (Garhwal). Habit : Herb. Flowers : White,
October-February. Notes : Upto 1 200 m.
Uses : Roots are useful in epilepsy. Leaves are applied to wounds
and bruises.
Anisomeles indica (L.) O. Kze (A. ovata R. Br.).
Habit : Herb. Flowers : While, August-October. Notes : Upto 1 500 nu
Uses : The plant is astringent and carminative.

Ajuga bracteosa Wall.

Habit: Herb. Flowers: Pale blue, April-October. Notes: Upto 2 000 m.
Uses : Root bark is anthelmintic and purgative useful in fever
and skin diseases.

Leucas cephalotes Spreng.

Name : Gumma (Garhwal). Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : White,
July-October. Notes : Between 600-1 800 m.
Uses : The plant is stimulant and insecticide. Flowers are used
as a remedy for cough and cold.

Lamium album Linn.

Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : White, April-October. Notes : Upto
3 500 m on moist situations.
Uses : The seeds are used as substitute for Plantago ovata in
dysentry. Leaves are cooling and antinotes to nettles. Juice
of the plant has a curative effect in tubercular consumption
with spitting of blood.

PLANT AGINACEAE

Plantago major Linn.

Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : Green, April-October. Notes : Upto
3 000 m. on moist situations.
Uses : The seeds can be used as substitute for P. ouata (isabgol)
in dysentry. The leaves are antidote of nettles.

NYCTAGINACEAE

Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. (B. repens Linn.).

Name : Punar niba. Habit : Pereninal herb. Flowers : Pink, January-
December. Notes : Upto 2 000 m. in waste places.
Uses : Roots are useful in asthma. Jaundice and intestinal
inflammation, also used for setting bones.
 — 45 —

AMARANTHACEAE

Achyranthes aspera Linn.

Name : Apang, chirchita (Hindi). Habit : Undershrub. Flowers :
Green tinged with purple, May-October. Notes : Weed of dry
places and roadsides, upto 2 000 m.
Uses : The plant is useful in dropsy, boils and eruption of skin,
in decoction useful in renal dropsies. Ashes of the plant are
rich in potassium. Another species A. bidentata Blume has
similar properties.
Amarantlhus gracilis Desf. {A. viridis Linn.).
Habit : Herb. Flowers : Green, September. Notes : Upto 1 500 m. in
waste places.
Uses : Tender shoots are eaten and are emollient.
AmaranUhus spinosus Linn.
Name : Jangli chulai. Habit : Annual prickly shrub. Flowers : Green,
July-October. Notes : In waste places on low altitudes.
Uses : The roots are useful in colic and eczemia. Leaves are
taken as vegetables.
Celosia argentea Linn.
Name : Sufed murg-ka-pheel. Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : White.
Notes : Weed of rice fields upto 1 200 m.
Uses : The seeds are useful in diseases of blood and mouth-sores.
Deeringia cunaranthoides (Lamk.) Merr. (D. celosioides R. Br.).
Habit : Climbing undershrub. Flowers : Pale yellow green,
July-October. Notes : Upto 1 200 m.
Uses : The leaves are applied to soris. Fruits can be used as red
ink.
Amaranthus paniculatus Linn.
Name : Mar sa, Ramdana. Habit : Herb. Flowers : Notes : Often
cultivated.
Uses : The plant is useful for purifying blood and in piles. Other
species that are cultivated are A. candatus Linn. & A. gan-
geticus Linn.

CHENOPODIACEAE

Chenopodium botrys Linn.

Habit : Aromatic herb. Flowers : Green, May-October. Notes : Upto
3 000 m.
Uses : The plant is anthelmintic. Other sp. are C. ambrosoides
Linn. & C. album Linn.
 46

PHYTOLACACEAE

Phytolacca acinosa Roxb.

Habit : Succulent herb. Flowers : May-June. Notes : Upto 3 000 m.
Uses : The plant is narcotic. Oil from the root is useful in pains
of the joints.

POLYGONACEAE

Polygonum plebium R. Br.

Habit : Herb. Flowers : White or pale pink, April-October. Notes :
Upto 2 000 m.
Uses : The dried plant is useful in pneumonia.
Polygonum hydropiper Linn.
Habit : Herb. Flowers : Pink or red, July-October. Notes : Upto
2 000 m.
Uses : The leaves when dried are put in clothes to protect them
from moth. Leaves are useful in uterine disorders.
Polygonum chinensis Linn.
Habit : Shrub. Flowers : White or pink. Notes : Between 1 200-
2 500.
Uses : The plant is vulnery and antiscorbutic.
Polygonum aviculare Linn.
Habit : Procumbent herb. Flowers : June-October. Notes : Between
2 000-3 000 m.
Uses : Dried roots are used externally as anodyne, seeds are
emetic and purgative.
Polygonum viviparum Linn.
Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : Pink, July-October. Notes : Upto
2 000 m.
Uses : The roots are astringent & useful in gleet and leucorrhoea.
It makes efficient gargle in relaxed throat and spongy gums.
Useful in intermitent fevers.
Rumex acetosa Linn.
Habit : Perenianl herb. Flowers : September. Notes : Between 3 500-
4 000 m
Uses : The leaves are diuretic and used as cooling drink in febrile
diseases in Europ. The plant is useful in scurvy.
Rumex hastatus Don.
Name : Bhinelda (Garhwal). Habit : Herb, Flowers : Green burning
to red; May-October. Notes : Ascending to 2 500 m.
Uses : The leaves can be eaten as sorul and are acidic.
 — 47 —

Rtunex nepalensis Spreng.

Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : Green burning to red, May-Oct.
Notes : Between 1 200-3 000 m.
Uses : Infusion of the leaf is given in colic. Roots may be used
as substitute for rhuerba.
Oxycaria digyna Hill.
Habit : Herb. Flowers : Notes :
Uses : The plant is used as cooling medicine.
Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.
Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : White. Notes : Upto 2 000 m.
Uses : The grains are useful in diarrhoea, colic and fluxas of all
kinds other species used for the same purposes are F. cymo-
sum Meissn and F. esculentum.

PIPERACEAE

Piper longum Linn.

Name : Pipala (Dun). Habit : Undershrub. Flowers : September.
Notes : In shady places upto 1 000 m in outer Himalayas.
Uses : Dried unripe fruits are useful in chronic bronchitis, cough
and cold.

LAURACEAE

Cinnamomvm Darnala Nees.

Name : Dalchine (Garhwal) Tejpal (Hindi). Habit : Small tree.
Flowers : White, February-May. Notes : In hot valleys upto 2 000 m.
Uses : The bark is carminative. Leaves are useful in diarrhoea,
diseases of liver, and tonic to brain. Bark and Leaves as
substitute for cinnamion.

ELAEAGNACEAE

Elaegnus umbellata Thunb.

Name : Ginor (Jaunsar) Geowain (Kumaon). Habit : Thorny
deciduous tree. Flowers : Dull white, March-April. Notes : Between
1 000-2 000 m.
Uses : Seeds are used stimulant in cough; flowers are astringent.
Oil from the seeds is useful in pulmonary affections.
Hippophae salicifolia Don.
Habit : Thorny shrub. Flowers : Red, March-April. Notes : Upto
3 000 m.
Uses : Fruit is useful in diseases of the ting.
 — 48 —

Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.

Habit : Thorny shrub. Flowers : Red, March-April. Notes : Upto
2 000 m on gravelly sandy bed of streams.
Uses : The plant is useful in pulmonary complaints.

LORANTHACEAE

Dendropthae falcata (Linn, f.) Etting. (L. falcata Linn. f.).

Habit : "Wood parasite. Flowers : Scarlet tipped with green,
November-June. Notes : On Quercus incana usually.
Uses : The bark is narcotic and useful for wounds and menstrual
troubles, useful as a remedy for asthma also.
Viscum népalense Spreng. (V. articulation Burm., V. attenuation) .
Habit : Leafless parasitic shrub. Flowers : Green, June-December.
Notes : Usually on Pyrus pashia et Benthamidia capitata, etc...
Uses : The plant is useful in fevers.
Viscum altrum Linn.
Name : Chulu-Ka-banda (Garhwal). Habit : Large parasitic shrub.
Flowers : March-May. Notes : Upto 2 000 m on Rosa sp., Juglans
regia and Salix sp., etc...
Uses : The plant is useful in the enlargement of spleen, tumours
etc... Berris are laxative, diuretic and cardiotonic.

SANTALACEAE

Osyris Wightiana Wall, ex Wight (O. arborea Wall.).

Name : Dalim (Garhwal). Habit : Larg shrub. Flowers : August-April.
Notes : Near water shed upto 6 000 m.
Uses : Infusion of the leaves is used as powerful emetic.

EUPHORBIACEAE

Mallotus philippensis Muell. & Arg.

Name : Ruina (Garhwal). Habit : Small tree. Flowers : Brown or
brick red, Oct-January. Notes : Upto 1 200 m.
Uses : Powdered seeds are anthelmintic and vermifuge sold in
the bazaar as Kamela. Leaves and roots are useful in
treatment of skin diseases.
Phyllanthus niruri Linn.
Habit: Annual herb. Flowers: Greenish-yellow. Notes: Upto 1 000 m.
Uses : The plant is diuretic and useful in dropsual affections
and troubles of genito urinary tract. Fresh leaves are a
remedy for jaundice and useful in intermittent fevers.
 4.Q

Phyllanthus urinaria Linn.

Habit: Annual herb. Flowers: Greenish-yellow. Notes: Upto 1 000 m.
Uses : The plant is diuretic in dropsical affection. Root is given
to induce sleep.

Emblica offtcinalis Gaertn.

Habit : Moderate tree. Flowers : Greenish yellow, March-May. Notes:
Upto 1 500 m on stream beds.
Uses : Fresh juice of the plant is tonic and asperiant, is one of
the ingredient of triphalla and chayavan prasha. Seeds are
useful for asthma and bronchitis.

Euphorbia royleana Boiss.

Name : Sum (Garhwal). Habit : Large shrub. Flowers : Greenish
yellow, March-May. Notes : Upto 1 500 m on hard precipitous rocks.
Uses : Latex of the plant is cathartic and anthelmintic.

Euphorbia hirta Linn.

Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : Greenish-yellow. Notes : Weed of
waste places upto 1 500 m.
Uses : Dried plant is useful in cough and asthma, useful in colic
and in dysentry as vermifuge.

Euphorbia pilosa Linn.

Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : Bright yellow, involure, May-June.
Notes : Upto 2 000 m.
Uses : The roots are useful in treatment of fistular sores.

Euphorbia hypericifolia Linn.

Habit : Annual herb. Flowers : Involure glands, white or pale purple.
Notes : Upto 1 200 m.
Uses : Infusion of dried leaves is astringent and useful in
dysentry, diarrhoea and leucorrhoea.

Bridzlia retusa Spreng.

Habit : Spinuos shrub. Flowers : Notes : Upto 1 000 m.
Uses : The root and the bark astringent & useful as lininent in
rheumatism.

Antidesma diandrum Roth.

Name : Kali-Khatai. Habit : Shrub. Flowers : May-June. Notes : On
sides of rivers upto 1 500 m.
Uses : The acid leaves are eaten by coolies when thirsty and
made into chutne.
Journal d'Agriculture tropicale 4
 — 50 —

Trewia polycar pa Benth. (T. nudiflora Linn.).

Habit : Large tree. Flowers: February-April. Notes : On damp
ravines upto 1 000 m.
Uses : The plant is used to remove swellings and is phlegmatic.

Andrachne cordi folia Muell.

Habit : Small shrub. Flowers : Green, June-September. Notes :
Upto 2 500 m.
Uses : The plant is poisnous and kill cattle when browsed by
them.

CUPULIFERAE

Quercus incana Roxb.

Name : Banj, Ban (Garhwal). Habit : Large tree. Flowers : April-
July. Notes : Common oak in the level between 1 200-2 500 m.
Uses : Acorns are useful in asthma and diarrhoea.

Coryltxs coltxrna Linn.

Name : Bhulea badum (Garhwal). Habit : Tree. Flowers : March-
April. Notes : In shady places between 1 700-3 000 m .
Uses : Nut of the plant are tonic.

SALICACEAE
Salix alba Linn.
Habit : Small tree. Flowers : March- April. Notes : At 2 500 m.
Uses : The bark is tonic and astringent. Decoction is useful in
diarrhoea and dysentery.
Salix wallichiana Anders.
Habit : Small tree. Flowers : March-April. Notes : Upto 3 000 m.
Uses : Branches are used as tooth-brushes.
Populas ciliata Wall.
Name: Pahnri pipal. Habit: Lofty tree. Flowers: March-April. Notes:
Between 1 200-3 000 m.
Uses : The bark is tonic and blood purifier.

MORACEAE

Ficus cunia Buch-Ham.

Name : Khain (Dun). Habit : Small tree. Flowers : Warty, August-
October. Notes : Upto 1 500 m.
Uses : Fruits and bark are used as a cure for leprosy. Juice of the
roots is given in visceral complaints.
 — 51 —

Ficus palmata Forsk.

Name : Phern (Garhwal). Habit : Trees. Flowers : Purple,
June-October. Notes : Upto 2 000 m.
Uses : The fruits are laxative and useful in constipation and
diseases of lungs and bladder.
Ficus gibbosa Blume.
Name : Chhanehari (Garhwal). Habit : Tree. Flowers : Yellow,
January-March. Notes : Upto 1 200 m.
Uses : Root bark is aperient and stomachic.
Ficus rumphii Blume
Habit : Large tree. Figs : Pale with dark spots, May- June
Uses : Juice is useful to kill worms.
Ficus lacor Buch-Ham. (F. infectoria Roxb.).
Name : Ptern. Habit : Low tree. Figs : Yellow, May-June. Notes :
Uses : Decoction of the bark is useful as a wash for ulcers and
as gargle in salivation.

JUGLANDACEAE
Juglans regia Linn.
Name : Akhrot (Garhwal). Habit : Large tree. Flowers : February-
April. Notes : Wild or cultivated upto 3 000 m.
Uses : The leaves are astringent and good remedy for scrofula,
bark is anthelmintic. Oil from the kernel of the fruit is
anthelmintic and useful in skin diseases.

MYRICACEAE

Myrica esculenta Ham. ex Don (M. nagi Thunb.).

Name : Kaiphal (Garhwai). Habit : Evergreen tree. Flowers :
October-December. Notes : Associated with Q. incana.
Uses : Bark of the tree is useful in cholera and as snuff in
catarrh with headache.

BUXACEAE

Buxus wallichiana Baill. (B. sempervirens Linn, ex parte).

Name : Papri (Garhwal). Habit : Small tree. Flowers : March-May.
Notes : On limestone soil.
Uses : Leaves are purgative poisonous to cattle. Tincture from
the bark can be used as febrifuge.
 — 52 —

URTICACEAE

Celtis cinnamamea Wall.

Name : Kharik (Garhwal). Habit : Tree. Flowers : Notes :
Upto 1 500 m.
Uses : The wood is of unpleasant smell. Juice of leaves is used
as blood purifier and in cutaneous erruptions.
Celtis australis Linn.
Name : Khark (Garhwal). Habit : Tree. Flowers : March-May. Notes :
Uses : The fruits are useful as a remedy in amenorrhea and colic.
Moras alba Linn. (M. indica).
Name : Shahbut (Hindi). Habit : Deciduous tree. Flowers : March-
April. Notes : Upto 1 000 m cultivated or wild.
Uses : The fruit is useful as a remedy for sore throat and
dyspepsia. Syrup of the forests is sold in market as sherbai
shebtut.
Cannabis sativa Linn. var. indica.
Name : Bhangla (Garhwal). Habit : Herb. Flowers : Pale yellow
green, July-August. Notes : Weed of waste places upto 2 000 m.
Uses : Leaves are intoxicating, bark is a remedy for hydrocole.
Flower top yield a resin called Ganga or charas, that is
smoothed to allay hicough bronchitis and cause a peculiar
type of intoxication.
Urtiea dioica Linn.
Name : Kandara (Garhwal) Bitchu grass. Habit : Herb. Flowers :
June-July. Notes : Upto 2 000 m on abandonned fields.
Uses : The plant is useful in nephrilic troubles and the young
leaves are made into vegetable for sciatica, difficult
breathing and heart troubles; other sp. U. parviflora Roxb. is also
used for the same uses.
Girardinia zeylanica Dene (G. heterophylla Dene).
Habit : Herb. Flowers : Green, June-September. Notes : On
abandoned fields.
Uses : The plant is 'caused dermatites and give valuable fibre,
extracted locally.

SCITAMINEAE

Roscoe placera.
Name : Safed musb. Habit : Herb. Notes :
Uses : The roots are tonic & useful in seminal debility. Other
sp. R. pupura & R. alpina.
 — 53 —

Costus speciosus Smith.

Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : White. Notes : Upto 1 200 m.
Uses : The roots are astringent, stimulant and anthelmintic.
Hedychium spicatum Ham. ex Smith.
Name : Kapur Kachri. Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : Pale yellow,
August. Notes :
Uses : Rootstock is useful in asthma and bronchitis.
Satynum nepalensis.
Name : Salab nmsin.

IRIDACEAE

Iris nepalensis Don

Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : Pale blue, April-June. Notes :
Between 2 000-7 000 m.
Uses : Roots are diuretic and useful in removing bilious
obstructions.
iris kumaonsis Wall.
Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : June. Notes : Upto 2 000 m.
Uses : The roots and leaves are used in fever.

DIOSCORACEAE

Dioscorea bulbifera Linn. (D. sativa Linn.).

Habit : Herb. Flowers : Juiy-August. Notes : Upto 1 000 m.
Uses : Tubers are useful in dysentry and piles.

LILIACEAE

Asparagus racemosus Willd.

Name : Salpaule. Habit : shrub. Flowers : White, July-October.
Notes : Upto 1 700 m.
Uses : The roots are useful in diarrhoea and in cases of chronic
colic & dysentry. Tubers are candeed and taken as tonic.
Tubers of A. adscendens Roxb. are also used for the same
purposes.
Lilium giganteum Wall.
Habit : Bulbous herb. Flowers : June-July. Notes : Between 2 000-
2 000 m.
Uses : Leaves are employed as cooling to allay pains of wounds
& bruises.
 — 54 —

Lilium Wallichianum Schult. f.

Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : White. Notes : Between 1 000-
2 000 m.
Uses : Dried bulbs are useful in pectoral complaints.

Smilax proliféra Roxb.

Habit : Shrub. Flowers : White, September. Notes : Between 1 500-
3 500 m.
Uses : The roots are used as a cure blood with stools and in
urinary complaints.
Gloriosa superba Linn.
Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : Bright, red, June-September.
Notes : Upto 1 500 m.
Uses : Roots are anthelmintic and useful in leprosy.

ARACEAE

Acorus calamus Linn.

Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : June-July. Notes : Upto 2 000 m.
Uses : Rhizome is aromatic and useful in fever and chronic
diarrhoea.

Rentusatia vivipara Schott.

Habit : Perennial herb. Flowers : Yellow. Notes : Between 600-
1 000 m.
Uses : Roots are useful as a remedy for tumors when made into
ointment.
Arisaema tortuosum Schott.
Habit : Herb. Flowers : June-July. Notes : Upto 2 500 m.
Uses : The plant is poisonous. Roots are used for killing worms
that upset the catties.

COMMELINACEAE

Commelina obliqua Buch-Ham. (C. polyspatha Wight).

Habit : Herb. Flowers : Blue, July-October. Notes : Ascending to
2 000 m.
Uses : The roots are useful in fever and bilious affections.

Mardiannia nudiflorum (L.) Bruck {Aneilema nudiflorum R. Br.).

Habit : Herb. Flowers : July-August. Notes : Upto 1 500 m.
Uses : Herb when boiled with oil is used in treatment of leprosy.