Ezy Math Tutoring - Year 12

Year 12 Mathematics
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Copyright © 2012 by Ezy Math Tutoring Pty Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Although
every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publishers and authors assume
no responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from
the use of the information contained herein.

Learning Strategies
Mathematics is often the most challenging subject for students. Much of the trouble comes from the
fact that mathematics is about logical thinking, not memorizing rules or remembering formulas. It
requires a different style of thinking than other subjects. The students who seem to be “naturally”
good at math just happen to adopt the correct strategies of thinking that math requires – often they
don’t even realise it. We have isolated several key learning strategies used by successful maths
students and have made icons to represent them. These icons are distributed throughout the book
in order to remind students to adopt these necessary learning strategies:
Talk Aloud Many students sit and try to do a problem in complete silence inside their heads.
They think that solutions just pop into the heads of ‘smart’ people. You absolutely must learn
to talk aloud and listen to yourself, literally to talk yourself through a problem. Successful
students do this without realising. It helps to structure your thoughts while helping your tutor
understand the way you think.
BackChecking This means that you will be doing every step of the question twice, as you work
your way through the question to ensure no silly mistakes. For example with this question:
3 × 2 − 5 × 7 you would do “3 times 2 is 5 ... let me check – no 3 × 2 is 6 ... minus 5 times 7
is minus 35 ... let me check ... minus 5 × 7 is minus 35. Initially, this may seem time-
consuming, but once it is automatic, a great deal of time and marks will be saved.
Avoid Cosmetic Surgery Do not write over old answers since this often results in repeated
mistakes or actually erasing the correct answer. When you make mistakes just put one line
through the mistake rather than scribbling it out. This helps reduce silly mistakes and makes
your work look cleaner and easier to backcheck.
Pen to Paper It is always wise to write things down as you work your way through a problem, in
order to keep track of good ideas and to see concepts on paper instead of in your head. This
makes it easier to work out the next step in the problem. Harder maths problems cannot be
solved in your head alone – put your ideas on paper as soon as you have them – always!
Transfer Skills This strategy is more advanced. It is the skill of making up a simpler question and
then transferring those ideas to a more complex question with which you are having difficulty.
For example if you can’t remember how to do long addition because you can’t recall exactly
ା ହ଼଼ଽ
ସହ଼଻
how to carry the one: then you may want to try adding numbers which you do know how
ାହ
to calculate that also involve carrying the one: ଽ
This skill is particularly useful when you can’t remember a basic arithmetic or algebraic rule,
most of the time you should be able to work it out by creating a simpler version of the
question.
1
Format Skills These are the skills that keep a question together as an organized whole in terms
of your working out on paper. An example of this is using the “=” sign correctly to keep a
question lined up properly. In numerical calculations format skills help you to align the numbers
correctly.
This skill is important because the correct working out will help you avoid careless mistakes.
When your work is jumbled up all over the page it is hard for you to make sense of what
belongs with what. Your “silly” mistakes would increase. Format skills also make it a lot easier
for you to check over your work and to notice/correct any mistakes.
Every topic in math has a way of being written with correct formatting. You will be surprised
how much smoother mathematics will be once you learn this skill. Whenever you are unsure
you should always ask your tutor or teacher.
Its Ok To Be Wrong Mathematics is in many ways more of a skill than just knowledge. The main
skill is problem solving and the only way this can be learned is by thinking hard and making
mistakes on the way. As you gain confidence you will naturally worry less about making the
mistakes and more about learning from them. Risk trying to solve problems that you are unsure
of, this will improve your skill more than anything else. It’s ok to be wrong – it is NOT ok to not
try.
Avoid Rule Dependency Rules are secondary tools; common sense and logic are primary tools
for problem solving and mathematics in general. Ultimately you must understand Why rules
work the way they do. Without this you are likely to struggle with tricky problem solving and
worded questions. Always rely on your logic and common sense first and on rules second,
always ask Why?
Self Questioning This is what strong problem solvers do naturally when they
get stuck on a problem or don’t know what to do. Ask yourself these
questions. They will help to jolt your thinking process; consider just one
question at a time and Talk Aloud while putting Pen To Paper.
2
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1: Series & Sequences 5

Exercise 1: Arithmetic Sequences 6
Exercise 2: Geometric Progressions 8
Exercise 3: Arithmetic Series 10
Exercise 4: Geometric Series 12
Exercise 5: Series Notation: Convergence & Divergence 14
Exercise 6: Sum to Infinity 18
Exercise 7:Arithmetic & Geometric Mean 21
Exercise 8:Applications of Series 24
Exercise 9:Financial Applications 27
CHAPTER 2: Chance 29
Exercise 1: Probability 30
Exercise 2: Compound Probability 33
CHAPTER 3: Geometric Applications of Differentiation 36

Exercise 1: Critical Points of Functions 37
Exercise 2: Graphing Functions 40
Exercise 3: Word problems 42
Exercise 4: Tangents, Normals & primitive Functions 45
CHAPTER 4: Integration 48
Exercise 1: Approximations 49
Exercise 2: Calculations & Applications 51
CHAPTER 5: Applications of Calculus 59

Exercise 1: Rates of Change 60
Exercise 2: Exponential Growth & Decay 62
Exercise 3: Velocity & Acceleration 65
3
CHAPTER 6: Exponential & Logarithmic Functions 68
Exercise 1: Review of Index Laws 69
Exercise 2: Logarithms & Exponents 72
Exercise 3: Differentiation & Integration 75
CHAPTER 7: Trigonometry 78
Exercise 1: Radian Measurement 79
Exercise 2: Graphing Trigonometric Functions 83
Exercise 3: Differentiation & Integration 86
4
Year 12 Mathematics
Series & Sequences
5
Exercise 1
Arithmetic Sequences
6
Chapter 1: Series & Sequences Exercise 1: Arithmetic Sequences
1) Calculate the value of d in the

following sequences 6) Find the first term of the
arithmetic sequence whose tenth
a) 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, ... term is 14 and whose twentieth
term is 62
b) 1, 4, 7, 10, ...
7) An arithmetic sequence has a third
c) 4, ____, 16, _____, 28 term of ‫ݔ‬, and a fifteenth term of
3‫ ݔ‬− 2.
d) 16, 12, 8, 4, ...

a) What are the values of a
and d?
e) 64, ____, _____, 28, ...
b) List the first three terms of

2) Calculate the value of a in the
the sequence when ‫ = ݔ‬4
following sequences
c) List the first 3 terms of the

a) ____, 6, 10, 14, ...
sequence when ‫ = ݔ‬− 1
b) ____, ____, 15, 18, ...

8) An arithmetic sequence has a
common difference of 4 and a
c) ____, ____, 22, ____, ____, twentieth term of 102. What is
43 the ninth term of this sequence?
d) ____, ____, ____76, 68, ... 9) There are two arithmetic

sequences: A and B. A10 = B28 = 40,
e) ____, ____, ____, 7, ____, whilst the value of their first term
____, ____, 3 is the same. If the common
difference of sequence A is 3, list
3) Find the 5th term of the sequence the first 4 terms of each sequence
with first term 4 and a common
difference of 3 10) Arithmetic sequence A has a first
term of (-20) and a twentieth
4) th
Find the 25 term of the sequence term of 56. Arithmetic sequence
with first term 6 and a common B has a first term of 40 and a 5th
difference of 7 term of 24. Which term number
5) Find the common difference of the gives the same value for both
sequence with a first term of 5 and sequences, and what is this
a twentieth term of 195 value?
7
Exercise 2
Geometric Progressions
8
Chapter 1: Series & Sequences Exercise 2: Geometric Progressions
1) Calculate the value of r in the 6) A geometric sequence has a first

following sequences term of − 2 and a 10th term of
1024. What is the value of the
a) 2, 4, 8, 16, ... common ratio?
b) 3, 4.5, 6.75, ... 7) The 2nd term of a geometric

sequence is 96 and the 5th term is
c) 20, 10, 5, ... 1.5. What are the common ratio
and the first term?
d) 1000, 200, 40, ...

8) A geometric sequence has a first
term of ‫ ݔ‬and a eleventh term of
e) ___, 12, ___, 27, ...
59049‫ݔ‬. What is the common
ratio of the sequence?
f) ___, ___, 100, ___, 9, ...
9) The fifth term of a geometric

2) Calculate the value of a in the sequence is 48, and the third term
following sequences is 108. What is the first term and
the sixth term?
a) ___, ___, 8, 16, 32
10) A geometric sequence has a first
b) ___, ___, 9, ____, 20.25, ... term of (‫ ݔ‬+ 3), and a third term
ଽ௫ାଶ଻
of . In terms of ‫ݔ‬, what is
c) ____, ____, 25, ____, 6.25 ସ
the fifth term?
d) ____, ____, 100, ____, 6.25

11) The fifth term of geometric
sequence A is 4, and its ninth term
3) Find the 5th term of the sequence ଵ
with a first term 2 and a common is . The second term of
ସ
ratio of 3 ଵ
geometric sequence B is , and its
ଵ଺
fifth term is (-4). Which term
4) Find the 20th term of the sequence number will give the same value
with first term 0.5 and common for each sequence, and what will
ratio 4 this value be?
5) What is the value of the first term

of the sequence with an 8th term
of 874.8 and a common ratio of 3?
9
Exercise 3
Arithmetic Series
10
Chapter 1: Series & Sequences Exercise 3: Arithmetic Series
1) Find the sum of the first 20 terms 14250. What is the sum of the first
of the following arithmetic series 50 terms?
a) 7, 11, 15, ... 7) What is the sum of the first ten

terms of an arithmetic series with
b) 10, 12, 14, 16, ... first term ‫ݔ‬, and a common
difference of (2‫ ݔ‬− 1)?
c) -8, -5, -2, ...

8) The first term of an arithmetic
series is ‫ݔ‬ଶ, and the sum of the
d) ___, ___, 12, ___, ___, 21,
first six terms is 2‫ݔ‬ଶ − 4‫ ݔ‬− 3. If
...
the sixth term is equal to zero,
what are the possible values of ‫?ݔ‬
e) ___, ___, ___, -12, -8, ...
9) Calculate the sum of the series

2) What is the first term of an 1 + 5 + 9 + ⋯ + 49 + 53
arithmetic series with a common
difference of 8 and a sum to 30
10) If the sum of the first n terms of
terms of 4500?
an arithmetic series is 98, the
common difference is 4 and the
3) The 15th term of an arithmetic first term is 2, what is the value of
series is 92. If the first term is 64, n?
what is the sum of the first 25
terms?
4) The first term of an arithmetic

series is (− 10), and the sum of the
first 10 terms is 35. What is the
common difference?
5) The sum of the first twelve terms

of an arithmetic series is 348, and
the sum of the first 30 terms of the
same series is 1950. Write the first
four terms of the series
6) The sum of the first 8 terms of an

arithmetic series is 36, and the
sum of the first 100 terms is
11
Exercise 4
Geometric Series
12
Chapter 1: Series & Sequences Exercise 4: Geometric Series
1) Calculate the sum of the first 8 terms of the following geometric series
a) 1, 2, 4, ...
b) 2, 3, 4.5, ...
c) ____, 5, ____, 20, ...
d) 675, ____, ____, 200, ...
e) ____, − 500, ____, − 125, ..
2) The sum of the first 4 terms of a geometric series is 90 and the sum of the first two
terms is 18. Write the first 4 terms of the series
3) Calculate the sum of the first ten terms of the geometric series
40, − 20, 10, − 5, … ….
4) The sixth term of a geometric series is 40, and ‫ݎ‬ହ = 20, what is the value of the first
term?
5) The sum of the first 4 terms of a geometric series is 30, and ‫ = ݎ‬2. What is the value
of the first term of the series?
6) The sum of the first 4 terms of a geometric series is 540, and the first term is 20.
What is the value of r?
7) The sum of the first nine terms of a geometric series is 1, and the sum of the first ten
terms is 0. What is the value of the first term, and the value of r?
ହ ଵ
8) If the fourth term of a geometric series is
଺ସ
, and the common ratio is , what is the
ଶ
sum of the first six terms?
13
Exercise 5
Series Notation; Convergence & Divergence
14
Chapter 1: Series Exercise 5: Series Notation
1) Determine if the following sequences converge, diverge or oscillate. If the sequence

converges, state the limiting value
ଵ
a) ܽ௡ = ௡
b) ܽ௡ = (− 1) ௡
௡
c) ܽ௡ = ௡ାଵ
d) ܽ௡ = 2݊ + 3
2) Calculate the sum of the first ten terms of the geometric series
ଵ଴
෍ ܽ௞
௞ୀଵ
for the given value of a, and determine if the series converges, diverges or neither
ଵ
a) ܽ = ଶ
b) ܽ = 2
c) ܽ = − 1
ଵ
d) ܽ = − ସ
e) ܽ = 1
3) From your answers to question 2, for what value(s) of r does a geometric series
converge?
4) Write the following series in summation notation
a) 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + ⋯ . + 33
b) 2 + 4 + 8 + ⋯ + 256
15
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
c) ଷ
+
ହ
+
଻
+ ⋯+
ଶଵ
d) − 3 + 6 − 9 + 12 … .60
5) List the first four terms of the following series
a) ∑ே ଶ
௞ୀଵ (݇ )
b) ∑ே
௞ୀଵ (2݇ + 2)
c) ∑ே
௞ୀ଴ (݇ − 2)
d) ∑ே
௞ୀିଶ |݇|
6) Calculate the sum of the first 5 terms of the series generated by the notation
෍ 4ି௞
௞ୀ଴
7) A Find the 40th term of the series generated by the notation
෍ 2݇ + 2
௞ୀଵ
8) Calculate the sum of the first ten terms of the series generated by the notation
෍ 2݇ − 1
௞ୀଵ
9) Determine the terms of the following series, and express the sum in terms of n
෍ ݇ଶ − (݇ + 1) ଶ
௞ୀ଴
16
10) Determine the terms of the following series, and express the sum in terms of n
௡
1 1
෍ ൬ − ൰
݇+ 1 ݇
௞ୀଵ
17
Exercise 6
Sum to Infinity
18
Chapter 1: Series Exercise 6: Sum to Infinity
1) Calculate the sum to infinity of the following sequences
a) 8, 4, 2, 1, …
b) 10, 1, 0.1, 0.01, ….
c) 12, 3, 0.75, ....
ହ ହ ହ
d) ଼ , ଵ଺ , ଷଶ , ….
e) 6.4, 0.8, 0.1, ....
f) 2, 4, 8, 16, … …
2) Calculate the following
ஶ
1 ௞
෍ ൬൰
2
௞ୀଵ
ଶ
3) The sum to infinity of a geometric series is 18. If the common ratio is , what is the
ଷ
first term of the series?
4) The first term of a geometric series is 21, and its sum to infinity is 28. What is the
common ratio?
5) Prove with the use of a geometric series that 0. 9̇ = 1
6) Which scenario would get you more money?
ଷ
 $10 on day 1 and of what you received the day before from then on
ସ
ଵ
 $20 on day 1 and of what you received the day before from then on
ଶ
7) A form of Zeno’s paradox (Zeno was a contemporary of Socrates) postulates that one
can never walk across a room, since first one must cover half the distance of the
room, then half the remaining distance, then half the remaining distance and so on.
19
Chapter 1: Series Exercise 6: Sum to Infinity
Since there will always be a fraction of a distance to cover, the total journey is
impossible. Reconcile this paradox with the use of a geometric series
8) A person weighing 210 kg plans to lose 10 kg in the first month of their diet, then 8
kg in the second month, 6.4 kg in the third month, and so on repeating the pattern of
weight loss. Their goal is to eventually reach 150 kg. Will they be successful with
this strategy? Explain your answer.
9) If the person from question 8 wanted to achieve their goal weight, but maintaining
the same pattern of weight loss, how much weight would they have to lose in the
first month?
10) An equilateral triangle has a side length of ‫ ݔ‬cm. Another equilateral triangle is
inscribed inside the first one such that the vertices of the second triangle sit at the
midpoint of the sides of the larger triangle. (See diagram). This process is repeated
infinitely. What is the sum of the perimeters of the triangles?
‫ݔ‬
20
Exercise 7
Arithmetic & Geometric Mean
21
Chapter 1: Series Exercise 7: Arithmetic & Geometric Mean
1) Calculate the arithmetic mean of the first 8 terms of the following sequences
a) 2, 4, 6, .....,
b) 3, 9, 15, 21, ......
c) − 6, − 2, 2, … ..
d) 1.5, 2.75, 4, ............
ହ ଷଵ ସ଻
e) ଼ , ଶସ , ଶସ , … … .,
2) Calculate the arithmetic mean of the series denoted by
ଵ଴
෍ 10݊ − 13
௡ୀଵ
3) What is the arithmetic mean of the set of multiples of 6 between 18 and 96

inclusive?
4) An arithmetic series has the following terms
2‫ ݔ‬+ 1, 2‫ ݔ‬+ 3, … … . .2‫ ݔ‬+ 31
If the arithmetic mean of the series is 40, calculate the value of ‫ݔ‬
ଵ
5) Calculate the geometric mean of the sequence ସ , 1, 4
6) Calculate the geometric mean of the set of numbers 22, 20, 12, 4, 0
7) Calculate the geometric mean of the set of numbers 3.6, 5, 6.9, 10
8) Insert two geometric means in each of the following geometric series
a) 1, ____, ____, 27
ଷ ଵ
b) ଼ , ____, ______, ଽ
22
Chapter 1: Series Exercise 7: Arithmetic & Geometric Mean
ଶ ଵ
c) ହ
, ___, ____,
ଵ଺଴
d) √6, _____, ____,2√6
ଵ
e) ଼ , ____, ____, √8
9) Prove with two examples if the geometric mean is always, sometimes or never larger
than the arithmetic mean for the same data set
10) Write a set of data for which the arithmetic and geometric means are the same
23
Exercise 8
Applications of Series
24
Chapter 1: Series Exercise 8: Applications of Series
1) Convert the following recurring c) How many rows do you

decimals to fractions need to have a total of 168
rocks?
a) 0. 4̇ 3̇
d) How many rocks in the
b) 0. 2̇ 6̇ entire set?
c) 0. 5̇ 4) A company pays off a loan by

paying $200 in the first week and
d) 0. 1̇ 4̇ increases their repayments by $30
each subsequent week
e) 0. 1̇
a) How much will they repay
2) A man has $20 in his piggy bank as in week 10?
at July 1st, and each day thereafter
puts $4 into it b) How much will they have
repaid by week 20?
a) How much money will he
have in the piggy bank on c) The loan requires 50
July 4th? payments; how much will
the last payment be?
b) How much money will he
have in his piggy bank on d) How much will the
August 6th? company repay in this
time?
c) He is saving to buy a suit
that costs $375. When will 5) Find the sum of
he be able to buy the suit?
a) The first 40 multiples of 9
3) A set of rocks is stacked in rows
with 30 on the bottom and 2 less b) The multiples of 8 between
on each subsequent row 0 and 1000
a) How many rocks are in the c) The multiples of 7 between

5th row? 500 and 1000
b) In which row are there 8

rocks?
25
Chapter 1: Series Exercise 8: Applications of Series
6) A line is cut into 5 sections which

form a geometric sequence. The 9) Each hour a bell rings the number
shortest length is 4cm and the of times corresponding to the time
longest is 64cm. What is the of day (for example, at 4 o’clock it
length of the line? rings 4 times). How many times
does the bell ring per day?
7) A ball is dropped from 2 metres, (Assume not a 24 hour clock)
and each time it bounces it
reaches 70% of its previous height. 10) At the end of the year 2002,
world oil reserves were about 950
a) How high will it bounce billion barrels.
after its fourth bounce? During 2003, about 30 billion
barrels of oil were consumed. Over
b) What distance will it have the past decade, oil consumption
travelled when it hits the has been increasing at about 1% a
ground for the 6th time? year. Assuming oil consumption
increases at this rate in the future,
how long will reserves last?
c) How far does it travel
before coming to rest?
11) Every day person consumes 10
8) You are given a new job with a micrograms of a toxin which leaves
choice of pay method the body at a rate of 3% per day.
How much toxin is accumulated in
the body in the long run?
a) $1000 on your first day and
a pay increase of $200 per
day (that is on day two you 12) A plant is eaten by a caterpillar,
earn another $1200 etc) the caterpillar by a fish, the fish by
a bigger fish, and the large fish
eaten by a man. If only 20% of the
b) 1 cent on your first day,
energy is transformed from one
and double the previous
stage to the next, how many
day’s pay each day (that is
calories must be supplied by plant
on day two you earn
food to provide the man with
another 2 cents, on day 3
2,000 calories from the large fish?
you earn another 4 cents
etc)
Which pay option would you

choose?
26
Exercise 9
Financial Applications
27
Chapter 1: Number Exercise 9: Financial Applications
1) The value of a computer depreciates at the rate of 12.5% per year. If it originally
costs $5000, how much will it be worth after 5 years?
2) Calculate the value of an investment of $4000 compounded at 5% annually after 6

years
3) An investment fund returns 7.5% interest annually. Each year a man puts $2000 into
the fund. How much will he have in his fund after 20 years?
4) A man borrows $10,000 at 2% per month reducible interest, and makes repayments
each month. What should his repayments be to have the loan paid off after 5 years?
5) A government uses proceeds from a federal grant to provide a tax rebate for land
owners. Suppose an individual receives a $600 rebate and spends 90% of this, and
each of the recipients of the money spent by this individual also spends 90% of what
he or she receives, and this process continues without end. According to the
multiplier effect theory in economics, the effect of the original $600 tax rebate on
the economy is multiplied many times. What is the total amount spent if the process
continues as indicated?
6) A sweepstakes has $4,000,000 in prizes. The first ticket drawn wins $15, the second
ticket drawn wins $45; the third ticket drawn wins $135, and so on.
a) How many tickets can be drawn without giving away more than the allotted
prize money?
b) How much money is left after all the prizes are awarded?
7) After how many months will an investment of $15000 be worth more than $18000
given that the interest rate is 10% per annum calculated monthly?
8) There are two investment schemes available. Scheme A pays simple interest of 8%
paid yearly, while scheme B pays 6.5% interest compounded annually. Which
investment will give the greater return?
28
Year 12 Mathematics
Chance
29
Exercise 1
Probability
30
Chapter 2: Chance Exercise 1: Probability
1) A six sided die is thrown. Find the

probability that c) Both numbers are even
a) A six is thrown d) One number is greater than

2 and the other is less than
b) An even number is thrown 4
c) A number greater than 2 is e) Both numbers are a 3

thrown
4) There are 80 tickets in a raffle.
d) An odd number less than 5 How many tickets must someone
is thrown buy to have a better than 50%
chance of winning?
e) An even number greater
than 5 is thrown 5) A card is drawn from a standard
deck of 52. What is the probability
2) A die has 12 sides, numbered from that
1 to 12. Find the probability that
when it is thrown a) It is a king
a) The number is 5 b) It is a number less than 5
b) The number is less than 8 c) It is a king or a number less

than 5
c) The number is an even
number less than 8 d) It is a picture card
d) The number is an odd e) It is a six

number greater than 11
f) It is black
3) Two six sided dice are thrown.
What is the probability that g) It is a black 6
a) The total of the two dice is 6) Are the events drawing king and
8 drawing a number less than 5
mutually exclusive? Explain
b) The total of the two dice is
less than 10
31
Chapter 2: Chance Exercise 1: Probability
7) There are 10 cards in a pack, 5 red goes through three intersections,

and 5 black, each numbered from what is the probability that he
1 to 5. Find the probability that a ends up back where he started
card drawn at random from?
a) Is a 5
b) Is red
c) Is a red 5
d) Is a red or a 5
e) Are the events “drawing a

5” and “drawing a red
card” mutually exclusive?
Explain
8) Two coins are tossed. Find the

probability that
a) The first coin shows a head
b) The second coin shows a

tail
c) The first coin shows a head

and the second shows a tail
d) The first shows a head or

the second shows a tail
e) Are the events mutually

exclusive? Explain
9) A man is driving around some

square city blocks. At each
intersection he either turns left,
right, or goes straight ahead. If he
32
Exercise 2
Compound Probability
33
Chapter 2: Chance Exercise 2: Compound Probability
1) A coin is tossed three times. Draw b) Two of the three days are
a tree diagram that shows all dry
possible outcomes and from it
calculate the probability of c) It rained on at least one
day
a) Three heads
d) The last day of the three is
b) Two heads and one tail wet
c) At least two tails 4) There are forty balls in a bag. Two

of the balls have a star on them. If
d) One or two heads a man draws 5 balls from the bag,
what is the probability that at least
2) There are 5 black and 5 white one has a star?
shirts in a draw. Three are taken
out without replacement. Draw a 5) There are 5 red, 3 green and 2 blue
tree diagram and from it calculate blocks in a box. Three are drawn
the probability of out without replacement. What is
the probability that
a) Three black shirts being
taken a) All are blue
b) Two white and one black b) They are all different

shirt being taken colours
c) At least one white shirt c) All three are red

being taken
d) At least 2 are green
d) All three shirts being the
same colour e) No red blocks are drawn
3) The probability of rain on any 6) When John plays striker in his

particular day in May is 70%. If soccer team he scores a goal 2
three days from the month are games out of 5 on average. His
chosen, use a tree diagram to chance of playing striker is 25%.
calculate the probability that What is the probability that John
scores a goal two games in a row?
a) All three are rainy
34
Chapter 2: Chance Exercise 2: Compound Probability
7) Three cards are drawn from a

standard deck of 52 with no
replacement. What is the
probability of drawing the king of
spades, followed by the 7 of clubs
then the 2 of hearts?
8) Four numbers are drawn out of a

barrel of fifty numbers with no
replacement. The first number is
5. What is the probability that the
next three numbers are NOT 6, 7,
and 8 in that order
9) There are 45 numbers in a lotto

draw. Jim has one ticket with 6
numbers on it. What is the
probability that he does not win
first prize (all 6 numbers drawn)
10) When Ben sits a test he has a

70% chance of getting a question
correct. If there are 10 questions
on a test what is the probability of
Ben getting at least one question
correct?
35
Year 12 Mathematics
Geometric
Applications of
Differentiation
36
Exercise 1
Critical Points of Functions
37
Chapter 3: Geometric Applications of Differentiation Exercise 1: Critical Points of
Functions
1) For each of the following functions:
 Graph the function in the domain − 4 ≤ ‫ ≤ ݔ‬4

 Using the same domain and scale, graph the derivative of the function
 Complete the table
a) ‫ = ݕ‬2‫ݔ‬
b) ‫ݔ = ݕ‬ଶ
c) ‫ = ݕ‬2‫ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ݔ‬
d) ‫ݔ = ݕ‬ଷ + ‫ݔ‬ଶ − 1
e) ‫ݔ = ݕ‬ଷ − 12‫ݔ‬
f) ‫ݔ = ݕ‬ଷ − 3‫ݔ‬
Point(s)
where Values of ‫ݔ‬ Values of ‫ݔ‬
݀‫ݕ‬ Turning ௗ௬ where where
Function = = 0
݀‫ݔ‬ point(s) of y ௗ௫ function is function is
(Critical increasing decreasing
point)
‫ = ݕ‬2‫ݔ‬
‫ݔ = ݕ‬ଶ
‫ = ݕ‬2‫ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ݔ‬
‫ݔ = ݕ‬ଷ + ‫ݔ‬ଶ − 1
‫ݔ‬ଷ − 12‫ݔ‬
‫ݔ‬ଷ − 3‫ݔ‬
2) What happens to a function at a critical point?
3) What happens to the value of the derivative function at a critical point?
38
Chapter 3: Geometric Applications of Differentiation Exercise 1: Critical Points of
Functions
4) What relationship is there between a function and its derivative at each critical
point?
5) For each of the functions in question 1, identify all local maxima and minima (use
your graphs), and the global maxima and minima over the domain graphed
6) For each function in question 1, calculate the second derivative
7) Calculate the value of the second derivative at each critical point.
8) What is the relationship between the value of the second derivative at a critical point
and the nature of the original function?
9)
a) Graph the function(‫ = ݕ‬− ‫ݔ‬ଷ + 3‫ݔ‬ଶ − 3‫)ݔ‬, and calculate the first and second
derivatives.
b) From previous work, calculate the co-ordinate(s) of the critical point(s), and
the value of the second derivative at that point
c) How is the behaviour of this function at the critical point similar to previous
functions in this exercise, and how is it different?
39
Exercise 2
Graphing Functions Using Key Points
40
Chapter 3: Geometric Applications of Differentiation Exercise 2: Graphing Functions
ଵ
SKETCH each of the functions below by 9) ‫ݔ = ݕ‬+ ௫
considering and drawing the following key
points ଵ
10) ‫=ݕ‬ ௫ିଵ
+ ‫ݔ‬
 The values of the function when
‫ =ݔ‬0
 The roots of the equation
 The co-ordinates of the critical

point(s)
 The nature of the critical point(s)
 The identification of local maxima

and minima and global maxima
and minima
 The line of symmetry (if

symmetrical)
 Any points where the function is

not defined
1) ‫ = ݕ‬2‫ ݔ‬− 3
2) ‫ = ݕ‬2‫ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬− 1
3) ‫ = ݕ‬3‫ݔ‬ଶ − 2‫ ݔ‬+ 4
ଵ ଶ
4) ‫=ݕ‬ ଶ
‫ݔ‬ − 6‫ ݔ‬+ 2
5) ‫ݔ = ݕ‬ଷ − 2‫ݔ‬ଶ − 3‫ ݔ‬+ 1
6) ‫ݔ = ݕ‬ଷ
7) ‫ݔ = ݕ‬ସ − ‫ݔ‬ଷ + 2‫ݔ‬ଶ + 1
8) ‫ = ݕ‬4‫ݔ‬ସ − ‫ݔ‬ଷ + 2
41
Exercise 3
Word Problems
42
Chapter 3: Geometric Applications of Differentiation Exercise 3: Word Problems
1) Using differentiation, find the local volume of the balloon is given by

and global maxima and minima of the equation ܸ = − ‫ݐ‬ଶ + 8‫ݐ‬, where
the following functions over the t is in seconds (‫ >ݐ‬0), and V is in
domain(− 5 ≤ ‫ ≤ ݔ‬5). Indicate if cubic centimetres
any critical points are a maximum,
minimum or neither a) What is the maximum
volume the balloon
a) ‫ = ݕ‬− 3‫ݔ‬ଶ − 2‫ ݔ‬+ 4 reaches?
b) ‫ݔ = ݕ‬ଷ + 6‫ݔ‬ଶ + 9‫ ݔ‬+ 2 b) After how many seconds

does it reach its maximum
c) ‫ݔ = ݕ‬ସ − 4‫ݔ‬ volume?
d) ଵ ହ
‫ = ݕ‬− ଶ ‫ݔ‬ଷ − ଶ ‫ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ݔ‬ c) When is its volume 7 cm3?
e) ‫ݔ = ݕ‬ଶ − ‫ݔ‬ଷ + ‫ݔ‬

4) In a factory with 20 men, each
man can produce 200 units of a
product per day. For each
additional man hired, output drops
2) A man is standing on a platform k
by 5 units per man. How many
metres above the ground. He
men should be employed to
throws a ball upward which then
maximize production?
falls to the ground. The height of
the ball can be described by the
(Hint: the total output is equal to
equation ℎ = − ‫ݐ‬ଶ + 4‫ݐ‬+ 12,
the number of men times the
where t is in seconds (‫ >ݐ‬0)
amount produced per man; the
number of men at any time is
a) What is the value of k? (20 + ‫)ݔ‬, and the amount
produced per man is (200 − 5‫)ݔ‬
b) What is the highest point
the ball reaches above the 5) A car is located 40km east of a
ground and how many truck. At the same time the car
seconds after it is thrown starts moving west at a speed of
does it reach this height? 20 km per hour, and the truck
starts moving north at a speed of
c) After how many seconds 40 km per hour. When will they be
does it hit the ground? at the minimum distance from
each other, and what will this
3) A balloon is blown up then left to distance be? (Draw diagram and
deflate. The equation of the use Pythagoras’ Theorem)
43
Chapter 3: Geometric Applications of Differentiation Exercise 3: Word Problems
6) Calculate the shortest distance

from the curve ‫ ݔ√ = ݕ‬to the
point (3, 0)
7) A bridge is in the shape of a

parabola that has the equation:
ℎ = − 0.0025‫ݔ‬ଶ + 1.25‫ݔ‬, where ℎ
is the height of the bridge above
the water and ‫ ݔ‬is the distance
along the bridge.
What is the maximum height of

the bridge, at what distance along
the bridge does it occur, and what
is the total length of the bridge?
8) A rectangular enclosure is to be
constructed from 120 metres of
wire. The wire only has to be used
on three sides as the fourth side of
the enclosure will be a barn wall.
What will the length and width of
the largest possible enclosure, and
hence what will be its area?
9) Two poles, 30 metres high and 20

metres respectively are 50 metres
apart from base to base. A rope is
attached to the top of each and
secured to a point in the ground
between them. Where should the
secured point be to minimize the
amount of rope used?
44
Exercise 4
Tangents, Normals & Primitive Functions
45
Chapter 3: Geometric Applications Exercise 4: Tangents, Normals &
Primitive Functions
1) Find the equation of the tangent to 4) Find the equation of the normal to
the curve ‫ݔ = ݕ‬ଷ + 1 at the the curve ‫ݔ = ݕ‬ଷ + 1 at the
following points following points
a) (1, 2) a) (4, 65)
b) (3, 28) b) (2, 9)
c) (0, 1) c) (1, 2)
d) (2, 9) d) (0, 1)
the curve ‫ݔ = ݕ‬ଶ − 2‫ ݔ‬+ 3 at the the curve ‫ݔ = ݕ‬ଶ − 2‫ ݔ‬+ 3 at the
a) (0, 3) a) (1, 2)
b) (1, 2) b) (4, 11)
c) (2, 3) c) (3, 6)
d) (5, 18) d) (0, 3)
the curve ‫ݔ = ݕ‬sin ‫ ݔ‬at the the curve ‫ݔ = ݕ‬sin ‫ ݔ‬at the
ଷగ ଷగ ଷగ ଷగ
a) ቀଶ , − ଶ
ቁ a) ቀଶ , − ଶ
ቁ
గ గ గ గ
b) ቀଶ , ଶቁ b) ቀଶ , ଶቁ
గ గ గ గ
c) ቀ଺ , ଵଶቁ c) ቀ଺ , ଵଶቁ
d) (ߨ, 0) d) (ߨ, 0)
46
Chapter 3: Geometric Applications Exercise 4: Tangents, Normals &
Primitive Functions
7) The equation of the tangent to the 9) The gradient function of a curve is

curve ‫ݔ = ݕ‬ଶ − 1 is ‫ = ݕ‬4‫ ݔ‬− 5. ௗ௬
= 2‫ݔ‬ଶ − 2, and the curve
ௗ௫
passes through the point (0, 4).
a) At what point is this the Find the equation of the curve
equation of the tangent? 10) The gradient function of a curve
ଷ భ
b) What is the equation of the is ‫ݕ‬ᇱ = ‫ݔ‬మ + 2‫ݔ‬, and the curve
ଶ
normal at the same point? passes through the point (1, 3).
Find its equation
8) The following equations show the
second derivative of a function ‫ݕ‬ 11) The gradient function of a curve
in terms of ‫ݔ‬. Find ‫( ݕ‬the original is ‫ݕ‬ᇱ = sin ‫ݔ‬, and the curve passes
function) in terms of ‫ݔ‬ through the point (0, 2). Find its
equation
a) ‫ = ̈ݕ‬4.
When ‫ = ݔ‬0, ‫ = ̇ݕ‬6, and

when ‫ = ݔ‬0, ‫ = ݕ‬1
ௗమ௬
b) ௗ௫మ
= 3
ௗ௬
When ‫ = ݔ‬0, ௗ௫ = 5, and
when ‫ = ݔ‬0, ‫ = ݕ‬10
c) ‫ = ̈ݕ‬2‫ݔ‬
When ‫ = ݔ‬1, ‫ = ̇ݕ‬1, and

when ‫ = ݔ‬1, ‫ = ݕ‬1
d) ‫ݕ‬ᇱᇱ = 2‫ ݔ‬− 2.
When ‫ = ݔ‬1, ‫ݕ‬ᇱ = 0, and

when ‫ = ݔ‬3, ‫ = ݕ‬4
47
Year 12 Mathematics
Integration
48
Exercise 1
Approximations
49
Chapter 4: Integration Exercise 1: Approximations
For all approximations in this exercise, the 7) Use Simpson’s rule to approximate
areas discussed are bounded below by the the area under the curve
x axis ‫ݔ = ݕ‬ଷ + 1 between the points
‫ = ݔ‬1 and ‫ = ݔ‬3
1) Use the approximation ଷ
8) Calculate ∫ଵ ‫ݔ‬ଷ + 1, and explain
஺(௫)ି஺(௖) why your answer is in this instance
݂(‫≅ )ݔ‬
௫ି௖ not exactly equal to your answer
to question 7
to estimate the area under the
curve ‫ݔ = ݕ‬ଶ + 1 between the ଵ
points ‫ = ݔ‬1 and ‫ = ݔ‬3
9) For the function ‫= ݕ‬
௫ାଵ
estimate the area between the
2) Use the Trapezoidal rule to points ‫ = ݔ‬1 and ‫ = ݔ‬2, by using
approximate the area under the first the trapezoidal rule, and then
curve ‫ݔ = ݕ‬ଶ + 1 between the Simpson’s rule for the whole
points ‫ = ݔ‬1 and ‫ = ݔ‬3 Use interval and then for the two
successively smaller subintervals of subintervals separated by the
ଷ
size 1, 2, and 4 point ‫= ݔ‬ ଶ
3) Use Simpson’s rule to approximate

the area under the curve
‫ݔ = ݕ‬ଶ + 1 between the points
‫ = ݔ‬1 and ‫ = ݔ‬3
ଷ
4) Calculate ∫ଵ ‫ݔ‬ଶ + 1 ݀‫ݔ‬, and
explain why your answer is exactly
equal in this instance to your
answer to question 3
5) Use the approximation used in

question 1 to estimate the area
under the curve ‫ݔ = ݕ‬ଷ + 1
between the points ‫ = ݔ‬1 and
‫ =ݔ‬3
6) Use the Trapezoidal rule to

approximate the area under the
curve ‫ݔ = ݕ‬ଷ + 1 between the
points ‫ = ݔ‬1 and ‫ = ݔ‬3
50
Exercise 2
Calculations &Applications
51
Chapter 4: Integration Exercise 2: Calculations & Applications
1) Calculate the following definite integrals
ଵ
a) ∫଴ ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 ݀‫ݔ‬
x
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3
-1
-2
-3
ଶ
b) ∫ଵ − 2‫ ݔ‬+ 4 ݀‫ݔ‬
x
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3
-1
-2
-3
52
ଷ
c) ∫ିଵ ‫ݔ‬ଶ ݀‫ݔ‬
x
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3
ଶ
d) ∫଴ ‫ݔ‬ଶ − 4‫ ݔ‬+ 3 ݀‫ݔ‬
x
-1 1 2 3 4
53
2) Calculate the area bounded by the y axis, x axis, the line ‫ = ݔ‬3, and the line
‫ = ݕ‬− ‫ݔ‬+ 2
x
-1 1 2 3 4
-1
3) Calculate the area between the x axis and the equation ‫ = ݕ‬− ‫ݔ‬ଶ + 5‫ ݔ‬− 6
x
-1 1 2 3
54
4) Calculate the area bounded by the curve ‫ݔ = ݕ‬ଶ − 4‫ ݔ‬+ 5 and the line ‫ = ݕ‬2
x
-1 1 2 3
-1
-2
-3
5) Calculate the area bounded by the curves ‫ݔ = ݕ‬ଶ − 4‫ ݔ‬+ 8 and ‫ = ݕ‬− ‫ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݔ‬+ 2
x
-1 1 2 3 4
55
6) Calculate the volume generated when the area bounded by the lines ‫ = ݕ‬2‫ݔ‬, ‫ = ݔ‬2,
and the ‫ ݔ‬axis is rotated about the ‫ ݔ‬axis
x
-2 -1 1 2
-1
-2
-3
7) Calculate the volume generated when the area bounded by the semicircle
‫√ = ݕ‬4 − ‫ݔ‬ଶ and the ‫ ݔ‬axis is rotated about the ‫ ݔ‬axis
x
-2 -1 1 2
-1
-2
-3
56
8) Calculate the volume produced by rotating the area between ‫ = ݕ‬3‫ݔ‬ଶ and
‫ ݔ = ݕ‬+ 2 with ‫ ≥ ݔ‬0 around the ‫ ݔ‬axis
x
-2 -1 1 2
-1
-2
-3
9) Find the volume generated by rotating the curve ‫ݔ = ݕ‬ଷ between ‫ = ݕ‬0 and ‫ = ݕ‬3
about the ‫ ݕ‬axis
x
-2 -1 1 2
-1
-2
-3
57
10) Find the volume generated by the curve ‫ = ݕ‬2‫ ݔ‬− ‫ݔ‬ଶ and ‫ = ݕ‬0 about the ‫ ݔ‬axis
x
-2 -1 1 2
-1
-2
-3
58
Year 12 Mathematics
Applications of
Calculus
59
Exercise 1
Rates of Change
60
Chapter 5: Applications of Calculus Exercise 1: Rates of Change
1) A tap is slowly opened such that the volume flow rate R varies in time according to
the equation ܴ = ݇‫ݐ‬, where ݇ is a constant and ‫ >ݐ‬0. Calculate the total volume
that flows through the tap in the first 12 seconds if ݇ = 1.5݉ ଷ‫ିݏ‬ଶ
2) The number of bacteria in a dish after t hours is given by ܾ = 3‫ݐ‬ଶ + 5‫ݐ‬+ 2. How
fast is the population growing after 3 hours?
3) The rate of change of profit from sales of x beds per week is given by the equation
ௗ௉
= 50 − 2‫ݔ‬. What is the profit when 20 beds are sold?
ௗ௫
4) A ladder 5 meters long is resting against a wall. If the bottom of the ladder begins
sliding away from the wall at the rate of 1 metre per second, how fast is the top of
the ladder moving down when the bottom of the ladder is 3 meters from the wall?
5) In 2005, the population of a town was 1000. Since 2005 the rate of change in the
ௗ௉
population is modelled by the equation ௗ௧ = 4‫ݐ‬+ 100, where t is the number of
years from 2005. What was the population of the town in 2009?
6) A tank is being drained of water at a rate of ‫ = ݎ‬1 + 2‫ݐ‬− 12‫ݐ‬ଶ in litres per minute.
After 4 minutes there are 802 litres in the tank. What was the initial volume of the
tank, and how much will be left in the tank after 6 minutes?
7) The number of fish that a seal can eat per hour (t) is given by ܴ = 32 − 2‫ݐ‬ଶ
a) At what rate does the seal initially consume fish?
b) How many fish did it eat in the second hour? (To nearest whole number)
c) When will the seal be full?
8) In 1970 a rare painting was valued at $50,000. The rate of change in its value is
ௗ௏
given by the equation ௗ் = 200‫ݐ‬+ 500.
a) What rate will the value be changing by in the year 2020?
b) If an investor purchased the painting in 1970 for $50,000 how much profit
will they have made by the year 2020?
61
Exercise 2
Exponential Growth & Decay
62
Chapter 5: Applications of Calculus Exercise 2: Exponential Growth & Decay
1) Graph the following over an curve of the population after 40

appropriate range and domain hours to 3 significant figures
a) ‫݁ = ݕ‬௫ 6) The initial population of a town is

2000, and it grows at the rate of
b) ‫݁ = ݕ‬ଶ௫ 2.5% per annum. Graph the curve
of the population after 50 years
భ
௫
c) ‫݁ = ݕ‬ మ
7) A mining town is suffering a net
population decline due to lack of
d) ‫݁ = ݕ‬ଷ௫ work. In 1990 the population was
2,000 the decline rate thereafter
e) ‫ି݁ = ݕ‬௫ was 4.5% per annum.
f) ‫ି݁ = ݕ‬ଶ௫ a) What will the population

be at the end of 2001?
2) What effect does the value of ݇
have on graphs of the form b) When will the population
‫݁ = ݕ‬௞௫? drop below 100?
3) Graph the following over an 8) The number of mites in a pond was

appropriate range and domain 1500 on January 1st. Each day the
size of the colony grows by 8%
a) ‫ = ݕ‬2݁௫
a) What will the population
b) ‫ = ݕ‬10݁ ௫
be on January 10th?
c) ‫ = ݕ‬0.5݁௫ b) When will the population

reach 5000?
d) ‫ = ݕ‬− 2݁௫
c) The pond can only support
4) What effect does the value of A 7500 mites. When will this
have on graphs of the form limit be reached?
‫݁ܣ = ݕ‬௫?
9) In the year 1990 there was $3500
5) The growth rate per hour of a in a bank account In the year
population of bacteria is 5% of the 2000, the account held $5500. If
population. The initial population there had been no deposits or
was 100,000 bacteria. Sketch the withdrawals in that time, what was
63
Chapter 5: Applications of Calculus Exercise 2: Exponential Growth & Decay
the rate of interest on the

account? In what year will there
be double the original amount?
(Assume compound interest)
10) A radioactive particle has a half

life of 90 seconds; that is the
amount present will reduce by half
every 90 seconds. How much of a
1 kg sample would remain after 5
minutes?
11) The population of a town in the

year 2000 was approximately
16,500 and ten years later it was
approximately 27,200. Assuming a
constant growth rate, what was
that rate, and what was the
population of the town in 1990?
64
Exercise 3
Velocity & Acceleration
65
Chapter 5: Applications of Calculus Exercise 3: Velocity & Acceleration
1) The displacement of a car in a) What is the equation that

kilometres from a given point is describes velocity of the
given by the equation particle at any time?
‫ = ݔ‬2‫ݐ‬ଶ + 10‫ݐ‬
b) What is the equation that
a) What will be the describes the displacement
displacement after 3 of the particle at any time?
hours?
c) What will be the
b) What will the velocity and displacement and velocity
acceleration of the car be of the particle when the
after 4 hours? acceleration is zero?
c) After how many hours will 4) The velocity of a particle is − 3

the car be travelling at the meters per second. Describe what
speed limit (30 km per this means in physical terms.
hour)?
5) Can a particle have positive
2) The velocity of a particle t seconds acceleration and a negative
after it starts moving from the velocity? Explain
point ‫ = ݔ‬0 is given by the
equation ‫ = ݒ‬10‫ݐ‬+ 4. 6) Can a particle have negative
acceleration and a positive
a) What is the equation velocity? Explain
describing the
displacement of the 7) The velocity of a particle at time t
particle after t seconds? is described by the equation
ଷ
‫ = ݒ‬− ଶ ‫ݐ‬ଶ + 8. At ‫ =ݐ‬0, the
b) What is the rate of
particle is at position ‫ = ݔ‬0
acceleration of the
particle?
a) What is the initial velocity
of the particle?
3) The acceleration of a particle at
time t is described by the equation
b) Describe the acceleration
ܽ = 10 − 2‫ݐ‬, where t is in
of the particle at any time
seconds, and a is in ݉ ‫ିݏ‬ଶ. At
t.
‫ =ݐ‬0 the particle was at the origin
with a velocity of 5 metres per
second
66
Chapter 5: Applications of Calculus Exercise 3: Velocity & Acceleration
c) After how many seconds Graph the displacement as a

will the particle return to function of t
its original position?
d) What will be its velocity at

this time?
e) Graph the displacement of

the particle as a function of
time
8) The acceleration of a particle at

any time t (in seconds) is given by
the equation ܽ = 5 − 2‫ݐ‬. At time
‫ =ݐ‬0 the particle is at the position
‫ = ݔ‬0 and has velocity 2 meters
per second.
a) What will the velocity be at

‫ =ݐ‬4 seconds?
b) At what time will the

particle return to the point
‫ = ݔ‬0?
c) What will the velocity be

when the acceleration is
zero?
9) The distance a particle is from a

fixed point is described by the
equation ‫ = ݔ‬4 − 2 sin 2‫ݐ‬
Find the times when the particle is

at rest, when acceleration is zero
and when it returns to the fixed
point.
67
Year 12 Mathematics
Exponential &
Logarithmic
Functions
68
Exercise 1
Review of Index Laws
69
Chapter 6: Exponential & Logarithmic Functions Exercise 1: Review of Index Laws
1) Convert the following to index d) (ܽ௫) ௬ =

notation
e) (ܽ × ܾ) ௫ =
a) √2
௔ ௫
f) ቀ௕ቁ =
b) √‫ݔ‬
c) య
√3ଶ
4) Use index laws to simplify the
following
d) య
√‫ݔ‬
a) ܽଶܾଷܿଶ × ܾଶܿଶ
e) ర
√‫ݔ‬ଷ
b) ‫ݔ‬ଶ‫ݕ‬ସ‫ݖݔ ×ݖ‬ଷ
2) Convert the following to surd form

c) ‫ݔ‬௔ ‫ݕ‬௕ × ‫ݔ‬௖‫ݕ‬ௗ
భ
a) (‫)ݔ‬మ ௔ర௕య௖మ
d) ௔మ௖
భ
b) (‫ݔ‬ଷ)ర ௔మ௕మ௖మ
e) ௔య௕௖
భ ଷ
c) ቀ‫ݔ‬రቁ ௫ೌ ௬್
f) ௫೎௬೏
య
d) (‫)ݔ‬ర
మ following: express your answers
e) (‫)ݔ‬ఱ with positive indices
ఱ
f) (‫)ݔ‬మ a) ܽିସܾଶܿିଵ × ܽଶܾିହܿିଶ
3) Complete the following index laws b) ܽିଶܾିଷ × ܽିଵܾସܿିଵ
a) ܽ௫ܽ௬ = c) ‫ିݔ‬௔ ‫ݕ‬௕ × ‫ݔ‬ଶ௔ ‫ିݕ‬ଶ௕
௔ೣ ௔షమ௕య௖షభ
b) = d) ௔మ௕షమ௖య
௔೤
c) ܽ଴ = e) ܽିଷܾଶܿଷ × ܽଷܾିଶܿିଷ
70
Chapter 6: Exponential & Logarithmic Functions Exercise 1: Review of Index Laws
௔య௕షయ௖
f) ௔షయ௖మ
௔షమ௕య௖మ
g) ௔షమ௕య௖మ

following leaving your answers in
positive index form
a) (ܽଶ) ଷ
భ
b) (ܽଶܾଶ)మ
భ భ ିଶ
ష
௔మ௕ మ
c) ቆ భ ቇ
௖మ
d) (ܽଷܾିଶܿିଷ) ଴
e) ‫ݔ‬ସ − ‫ݔ‬ଷ
7) Simplify the following using index

laws
a) (ܽିଷܾଶ) ିଶ ÷ (ܽଷܾଶ) ଶ
భ
b) (ܽଶ ÷ ܾିଶ) మ ×
భ భ ଶ
ି
ቀܽ ÷ ܾ ቁ
మ మ
భ
c) (ܾܽ)ିଵ ÷ (ܽଶܾଶ)ି మ
d) (2ܽଶ) ଴ − 2
ସ௔బ
e) (ସ௔) బ
71
Exercise 2
Logarithms & Exponents
72
Chapter 6: Exponential & Logarithmic Functions Exercise2: Logarithms & Exponents
1) Convert the following to 7) If ܽ = 2, ܾ = 3, ܽ݊݀ ܿ = 5, express

exponential form the following in terms of a, b and c
a) logଵ଴ 100 = 2 a) logଵ଴ 6
ଵ
b) logଵ଴ ‫ܿ = ݔ‬ b) logଵ଴ ቀଶହቁ
c) log ௬ 10 = ‫ݔ‬ c) logଵ଴ ቀଷቁ

ଶ
d) log ଶ ‫ݎ = ݌‬ ଷ
d) logଵ଴ ቀହቁ
e) log ௫ 5 = 12
e) logଵ଴ 16
f) log ௫ ‫ܽ = ݕ‬
f) logଵ଴ 30
2) Convert the following to ଵ
logarithmic form g) logଵ଴ ቀ଼ቁ
a) 10ଶ = 100 h) logଵ଴ 10
b) ‫ݔ‬ଷ = 20 8) Rewrite the following in terms of

log10
c) 5ଶ = ‫ݕ‬
a) log ହ ‫ݔ‬
d) ܽଶ = ‫ݎ‬
b) log ௫ 5
e) ‫ݔ‬௬ = 10
c) log ௫ ‫ݕ‬
f) ܽ௕ = ܿ
d) logଵ଴଴ 10
3) Prove log ௔ (‫ = )ݕݔ‬log ௔ ‫ ݔ‬+ log ௔ ‫ݕ‬
e) log ௫ ‫ݔ‬
4) Prove log ௔ ‫ݔ‬௕ = ܾlog ௔ ‫ݔ‬
f) logଵ ‫ݔ‬
5) Prove that log ௫ 1 = 0
g) log ௫ 1
6) Prove that log ௫ ‫ = ݔ‬1
73
Chapter 6: Exponential & Logarithmic Functions Exercise2: Logarithms & Exponents
9) Calculate the following correct to 3

decimal places e) 4 + 2 ln ‫ = ݔ‬14
a) log ଷ 7 f) ln(‫ ݔ‬− 4) + ln(‫ ݔ‬+ 3) = ln 8
b) log ଶ 10 g) 0.05‫ = ݔ‬ln 5
c) log ସ 64
d) log ହ 5
e) logଵ 10
f) logଵ଴ 5
10) Solve the following
మ ଵ
a) 3ି௫ = ଶ଻
b) 5(2.5ଶ௫ାଵ) = 150
c) 6ଷ௫ = 32
d) 20 = 10(4) ௫ାହ
e) 1000଴.ଵହ௫ = 12,000
11) What is the value of ln ݁௫?
12) Solve the following
a) ݁௫ = 10
b) 100݁ଶ௫ = 50
c) 25݁଴.ହ௫ = 12
d) ln ‫ = ݔ‬4
74
Exercise 3
Differentiation & Integration
75
Chapter 6: Exponential & Logarithmic Functions Exercise 3: Differentiation &
Integration
1) Differentiate the following d) ∫ 2݁ଶ௫݀‫ݔ‬
a) ‫݁ = ݕ‬௫ e) ∫ ܽଶ௫ ݀‫ݔ‬
b) ‫݁ = ݕ‬ଶ௫ 4) Perform the following integrations
c) ‫݁ = ݕ‬ଷ௫ିସ a) ∫ ln ‫ݔ݀ݔ‬
d)
మ
‫݁ = ݕ‬௫ b) ∫ ln 2‫ݔ݀ݔ‬
e)
మାଶ௫ିଵ ௫
‫݁ = ݕ‬௫ c) ∫ ln ଶ ݀‫ݔ‬
f) ‫݁ = ݕ‬ୱ୧୬ ௫ d) ∫ ln(3‫ ݔ‬+ 1) ݀‫ݔ‬
2) Differentiate the following e) ∫ (ln ‫ )ݔ‬ଶ ݀‫ݔ‬
a) ‫ = ݕ‬ln ‫ݔ‬ (୪୬ ௫)య

f) ∫ ௫
݀‫ݔ‬
b) ‫ = ݕ‬ln(2‫)ݔ‬
5) Perform the following integrations
c) ‫ = ݕ‬ln(3‫ ݔ‬+ 1)
ସ
a) ∫ ௫ ݀‫ݔ‬
d)
మ
‫ = ݕ‬ln ݁௫
ଷ
b) ∫ ଷ௫ାଶ
݀‫ݔ‬
e) ‫( = ݕ‬ln ‫)ݔ‬ ଶ
ଶ௫
c) 2∫ ௫మିଷ
݀‫ݔ‬
f) ‫ = ݕ‬ln(‫ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬− 3)
ଵଶ௫
d) ∫ ݀‫ݔ‬
g) ‫ = ݕ‬ln(sin ‫)ݔ‬ ଷ௫మାଵ
௫ିଶ
3) Perform the following integrations
e) ∫ ௫మିସ௫ାଶ
݀‫ݔ‬
a) ∫ ݁௫݀‫ݔ‬ f) ∫ cot ‫ݔ݀ݔ‬
b) ∫ ݁ଶ௫ ݀‫ݔ‬
ೣ
c) ∫ ݁మ ݀‫ݔ‬
76
Chapter 6: Exponential & Logarithmic Functions Exercise 3: Differentiation &
Integration
6) Differentiate the following and

simplify your answers where
possible
a) ‫ = ݕ‬ln(‫ ݔ‬+ 2) − ln(‫ ݔ‬− 3)
b) ‫ = ݕ‬ln(‫ ݔ‬− 4) + ln(‫ ݔ‬+ 1)
c) ‫ = ݕ‬ln ‫ݔ‬ଶ + ln(‫ ݔ‬+ 1)
d) ‫ = ݕ‬ln(‫ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ ݔ‬+ 1) − ln(‫ ݔ‬+ 1)
e) ‫ = ݕ‬ln(sin ‫ )ݔ‬− ln(cos ‫)ݔ‬
f) ‫ = ݕ‬ln(‫ݔ‬ଶ − 1) + ln(‫ ݔ‬− 1)
7) Differentiate the following and

simplify your answers where
possible
௘ೣି௘షೣ
a) ‫= ݕ‬ ௘ೣା௘షೣ
௘ೣ
b) ‫= ݕ‬ ௘ೣିଵ
c) ‫(ݔ = ݕ‬cos(ln ‫ )ݔ‬+ sin(ln ‫))ݔ‬
d)
మ
‫ = ݕ‬ln൫‫ݔ‬ଶ݁ି௫ ൯
e) ‫ = ݕ‬ln[(‫ݔ‬ଶ + 1)(‫ݔ‬ଷ + 1) ଶ]
77
Year 12 Mathematics
Trigonometry
78
Exercise 1
Radian Measurement
79
Chapter 7: Trigonometry Exercise 1: Radian Measurement
଻గ
1) Convert the following to exact d) ଵଶ
radians
଻గ
e) ଽ
a) 30°
గ
f)
b) 40° ଶ
గ
g)
c) 120° ଽ
d) 70° h) ߨ
ହగ
e) 170°
i) ଵ଼
గ
f) 160° j) ଵଶ
ଷగ
g) 150° k) ସ
h) 75° l) ହగ
ଽ
i) 10° 3) Convert the following degrees to

exact radians
j) 130°
a) 210°
k) 165°
b) 240°
l) 60°
c) 270°
2) Convert the following radians to
degrees d) 320°
గ
a) ସ e) 360°
ସగ
b) ଽ 4) Convert the following radians to
degrees
ଵଵగ
c) ଵ଼ ଷగ
a) ଶ
80
ହగ
b) ସ
b) Radius 4cm, subtended
angle of 10°
଻గ
c) ଺
c) Radius 15cm, subtended
଻గ angle of 135°
d) ସ
ଵଷగ d) Radius 8cm, subtended

e) ଽ angle of 110°
ଵ଻గ
f) ଵହ e) Radius 1cm, subtended
angle of 180°
5) Find the length of the following
arcs in terms of π f) Radius 10cm, subtended
angle of 360°
a) Radius 2cm, subtended
angle of 30° 7) Solve the following equations for ‫ݔ‬
in the interval stated
b) Radius 10cm, subtended
angle of 90° a) 2 sin ‫ ݔ‬+ 1 = 0, [0, 2ߨ]
c) Radius of 12cm, subtended b) √3 cos ‫ ݔ‬− 1 = 0, [0, 2ߨ]

angle of 120°
ଵ
c) sin 2‫= ݔ‬
√ଶ
, [0, ߨ]
d) Radius of 1.5m, subtended
angle of 70° d) tan 4‫ ݔ‬− 1 = 0, [ߨ, 2ߨ]
e) Radius of 33cm, subtended e) 4 cos 4‫ = ݔ‬2, [0, ߨ]

angle of 100°
ଷగ
f) ߨ sin ‫ ݔ‬− ߨଶ = 0, [0,ଶ ቁ
f) Radius of 2.25cm,
subtended angle of 135°
8) Solve the following in the interval
stated
6) Calculate the areas of the
following sectors in terms of π
a) 2 cos 3‫ = ݔ‬1, [0,
2ߨ)
a) Radius 10cm, subtended గ గ

angle of 220° b) sin 2‫ = ݔ‬sin ‫ݔ‬, ቒ− , ቓ
ଶ ଶ
c) sin ‫ ݔ‬− cos ‫ = ݔ‬1, [0, 2ߨ]

81
d) 2 sin 2‫ݔ‬cos 2‫ = ݔ‬cos 2‫ݔ‬, [− ߨ, ߨ]
e) sinଶ ‫ ݔ‬− sin ‫ = ݔ‬2, (− 2ߨ, 2ߨ)
f) sin ‫ ݔ‬+ cos ‫ = ݔ‬1, [0, 2ߨ]
82
Exercise 2
Graphing Trigonometric Functions
83
Chapter 7: Trigonometry Exercise 2: Graphing Trigonometric Functions
1) Graph the following in the range 0 4) From your graphs in question 3,

to 2π, and state the domain for what effect on the range is
each produced by the varying of A in the
general equations
a) sin ‫ݔ‬
‫ ܣ = ݕ‬sin ‫ݔ‬, and ‫ ܣ = ݕ‬cos ‫ݔ‬
b) sin 2‫ݔ‬
What general effect does the value
ଵ of “A” have on such graphs?
c) sin ଶ ‫ݔ‬
5) Graph the following in the range 0

d) cos ‫ݔ‬
to 2π, and state the domain for
each
e) cos 3‫ݔ‬
ଷ
a) ‫ = ݕ‬1 + sin ‫ݔ‬
f) cos ଶ ‫ݔ‬
g) b) ‫ = ݕ‬2 − sin ‫ݔ‬
2) From your graphs in question 1,
what effect on the range is c) ‫ = ݕ‬2 + cos ‫ݔ‬
produced by the varying of B in the
general equations d) ‫ = ݕ‬1 − cos ‫ݔ‬
‫ = ݕ‬sin ‫ݔܤ‬, and ‫ = ݕ‬cos ‫ݔܤ‬ 6) From your graphs in question 5,

what effect is produced by the
What general effect does the value varying of “C” in the general
of “B” have on such graphs? equations
3) Graph the following in the range 0 ‫ ܥ = ݕ‬± sin ‫ݔ‬, and ‫ ܥ = ݕ‬± cos ‫ݔ‬
to 2π, and state the domain for
each 7) Solve the following by drawing
graphs of the functions
a) 2 sin ‫ݔ‬
ଵ
a) sin ‫ݔ = ݔ‬
b) ଶ
sin ‫ݔ‬
b) cos 2‫ ݔ = ݔ‬+ 1
ଵ
c) ଶ
cos ‫ݔ‬
௫
c) sin 2‫= ݔ‬ ଶ
d) 3 cos ‫ݔ‬
d) 2 cos ‫ ݔ = ݔ‬− 1
84
Chapter 7: Trigonometry Exercise 2: Graphing Trigonometric Functions
b) ‫ = ݕ‬sec ‫ݔ‬
e) 1 − sin ‫ = ݔ‬cos ‫ݔ‬
c) ‫ = ݕ‬csc ‫ݔ‬
8) Graph the following in the range 0
to 2π, state the domain, and any d) ‫ = ݕ‬2 sec ‫ݔ‬
values in the range for which the
function is undefined e) ‫ = ݕ‬cot 2‫ݔ‬
a) y = tan ‫ݔ‬ f) ‫ = ݕ‬csc ଶ ‫ݔ‬

ଵ
b) ‫ = ݕ‬tan 2‫ݔ‬
11) Draw a rough sketch of the
ଵ
following in the range 0 to 2π, and
c) ‫ = ݕ‬tan ଶ ‫ݔ‬ then graph formally to check your
sketch
d) ‫ = ݕ‬2 tan ‫ݔ‬
a) ‫ = ݕ‬2 cos 2‫ݔ‬
ଵ
e) ‫=ݕ‬ ଶ
tan ‫ݔ‬
ଵ
b) ‫=ݕ‬ ଶ
sin 2‫ݔ‬
9) What effect does varying the
values of A and B have on the c) ‫ = ݕ‬3 cos 2‫ݔ‬
graph and the range and domain
of functions of the type d) ‫ = ݕ‬2 sin 3‫ݔ‬
‫ ܣ = ݕ‬tan ‫ݔܤ‬ ଵ
e) ‫ = ݕ‬2 tan ଶ ‫ݔ‬
10) Graph the following in the range
0 to 2π ଵ
f) ‫=ݕ‬ ଶ
tan 2‫ݔ‬
a) ‫ = ݕ‬cot ‫ݔ‬
85
Exercise 3
Differentiation & Integration
86
Chapter 7: Trigonometry Exercise 3: Differentiation & Integration
1) Find the derivatives of the

following 3) Find derivatives of the following
a) ‫ = ݕ‬sin ‫ݔ‬ a) ‫ = ݕ‬2 sin ‫ݔ‬
ଵ
b) ‫ = ݕ‬sin 2‫ݔ‬ b) ‫ = ݕ‬2 sin ଶ ‫ݔ‬
ଵ
c) ‫ = ݕ‬sin ସ ‫ݔ‬ c) ‫ = ݕ‬4 cos 2‫ݔ‬
ଵ
d) ‫ = ݕ‬sin 3‫ݔ‬ d) ‫ = ݕ‬3 cos ଶ ‫ݔ‬
e) ‫ = ݕ‬sin(‫ ݔ‬+ 2) e) ‫ = ݕ‬2 sin(2‫ ݔ‬+ 1)
f) ‫ = ݕ‬sin(‫ ݔ‬+ 1) f) ‫ = ݕ‬3 cos(‫ ݔ‬− 1)
g) ‫ = ݕ‬− sin(‫ ݔ‬− 3) g) ‫ = ݕ‬− 2 tan ቀ‫ ݔ‬+ ଶቁ

ଵ
2) Find the derivatives of the ଵ ଵ

h) ‫=ݕ‬ tan ଶ ‫ݔ‬
following ଶ
a) ‫ = ݕ‬cos ‫ݔ‬ 4) Perform the following integrations
b) ‫ = ݕ‬− cos 2‫ݔ‬ a) ∫ sin ‫ݔ݀ݔ‬
c) ଵ
‫ = ݕ‬cos ଶ ‫ݔ‬ b) ∫ cos ‫ݔ݀ݔ‬
c) ∫ sin(− 2‫ݔ݀ )ݔ‬

d) ‫ = ݕ‬tan ‫ݔ‬
ୡ୭ୱଶ௫
d) ∫ ݀‫ݔ‬
e) ‫ = ݕ‬tan 2‫ݔ‬ ଶ
௦௜௡ଶ௫
f) ‫ = ݕ‬sin(2‫ ݔ‬− 1) e) 2∫ ଶ
݀‫ݔ‬
g) ‫ = ݕ‬cos(3‫ ݔ‬+ 2) 5) Perform the following integrations
ଵ ଵ ଵ
h) ‫ = ݕ‬sin ቀ− ଶ ‫ ݔ‬− 1ቁ a) ଶ
∫ cos ቀଶ ‫ ݔ‬+ 1ቁ݀‫ݔ‬
ଵ
i) ‫ = ݕ‬cos ቀ2‫ ݔ‬− ଶቁ b) 2 ∫ sin(2‫ ݔ‬− 3) ݀‫ݔ‬
87
Chapter 7: Trigonometry Exercise 3: Differentiation & Integration
c) ∫ cos 4‫ݔ݀ݔ‬
d) ∫ 2 − cos 2‫ݔ݀ݔ‬
ଵ
e) ∫ ቀsin ଶ ‫ݔ‬ቁ+ 1 ݀‫ݔ‬
6) Integrate the following
a) ∫ sec ଶ ‫ݔ݀ݔ‬
ୱୣୡమ ௫
b) ∫ ଶ
݀‫ݔ‬
c) ∫ (3 sin ‫ ݔ‬− 2 sec ଶ ‫ݔ݀ )ݔ‬
d) ଵ
∫ ቀ2 cos ଶ ‫ ݔ‬− sin 2‫ ݔ‬+ sec ଶ ‫ݔ‬ቁ݀‫ݔ‬
e) ∫ ൫cos ‫݁ݔ‬ୱ୧୬ ௫൯݀‫ݔ‬
88
89

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Year 12 Mathematics

©2009 Ezy Math Tutoring | All Rights Reserved www.ezymathtutoring.com.au

©2009 Ezy Math Tutoring | All Rights Reserved www.ezymathtutoring.com.au

CHAPTER 1: Series & Sequences 5

CHAPTER 3: Geometric Applications of Differentiation 36

CHAPTER 5: Applications of Calculus 59

1) Calculate the value of d in the

d) 16, 12, 8, 4, ...

b) List the first three terms of

c) List the first 3 terms of the

b) ____, ____, 15, 18, ...

d) ____, ____, ____76, 68, ... 9) There are two arithmetic

1) Calculate the value of r in the 6) A geometric sequence has a first

b) 3, 4.5, 6.75, ... 7) The 2nd term of a geometric

d) 1000, 200, 40, ...

9) The fifth term of a geometric

d) ____, ____, 100, ____, 6.25

5) What is the value of the first term

a) 7, 11, 15, ... 7) What is the sum of the first ten

c) -8, -5, -2, ...

9) Calculate the sum of the series

4) The first term of an arithmetic

5) The sum of the first twelve terms

6) The sum of the first 8 terms of an

c) ____, 5, ____, 20, ...

d) 675, ____, ____, 200, ...

e) ____, − 500, ____, − 125, ..

40, − 20, 10, − 5, … ….

Series Notation; Convergence & Divergence

1) Determine if the following sequences converge, diverge or oscillate. If the sequence

4) Write the following series in summation notation

5) List the first four terms of the following series

7) A Find the 40th term of the series generated by the notation

1) Calculate the sum to infinity of the following sequences

b) 10, 1, 0.1, 0.01, ….

c) 12, 3, 0.75, ....

e) 6.4, 0.8, 0.1, ....

2) Calculate the following

5) Prove with the use of a geometric series that 0. 9̇ = 1

6) Which scenario would get you more money?

Arithmetic & Geometric Mean

b) 3, 9, 15, 21, ......

d) 1.5, 2.75, 4, ............

2) Calculate the arithmetic mean of the series denoted by

3) What is the arithmetic mean of the set of multiples of 6 between 18 and 96

4) An arithmetic series has the following terms

2‫ ݔ‬+ 1, 2‫ ݔ‬+ 3, … … . .2‫ ݔ‬+ 31

7) Calculate the geometric mean of the set of numbers 3.6, 5, 6.9, 10

8) Insert two geometric means in each of the following geometric series

d) √6, _____, ____,2√6

1) Convert the following recurring c) How many rows do you

c) 0. 5̇ 4) A company pays off a loan by

a) How many rocks are in the c) The multiples of 7 between

b) In which row are there 8

6) A line is cut into 5 sections which

Which pay option would you

2) Calculate the value of an investment of $4000 compounded at 5% annually after 6

1) A six sided die is thrown. Find the

a) A six is thrown d) One number is greater than

c) A number greater than 2 is e) Both numbers are a 3

b) , , 15, 18, ...

d) , , 76, 68, ... 9) There are two arithmetic

d) , , 100, , 6.25

c) , 5, , 20, ...

d) 675, , , 200, ...

e) , − 500, , − 125, ..

d) √6, _, ,2√6