Recloser
Recloser
Recloser
Electrical Apparatus
General Ratings Information and Catalog Guide
For Single-Phase and Three-Phase Reclosers 280-05
DESCRIPTION
Automatic circuit reclosers are rec-
ognized by electric utilities through-
out the world as an essential
device for achieving their prime
goal: providing maximum continuity
of electric service to their cus-
tomers simply and economically.
Reclosers sense and interrupt fault
currents and automatically restore
service after momentary outage.
The automatic circuit recloser is
essentially a self-contained device
with the necessary intelligence to
sense overcurrents to time and
interrupt fault currents, and to reen-
ergize the line by reclosing auto-
matically. If a fault is permanent,
the recloser locks open after a pre- Figure 1. Figure 2.
set number of operations (usually Typical Kyle single-phase, hydrauli- Typical Kyle three-phase, electroni-
three or four), isolating the faulted cally controlled recloser. cally controlled W-group recloser.
section from the main part of the
system. and reclose function, virtually elimi- SINGLE-PHASE
nates prolonged outages on distri- RECLOSERS
TEMPORARY FAULTS bution systems due to temporary
faults or transient overcurrent con- Single-phase reclosers, as shown
Extensive studies of overhead dis- ditions. in Figure 1, are used to protect sin-
tribution systems have established gle-phase lines such as branches
that approximately 80 to 95 percent RECLOSER or taps of a three-phase feeder.
of all system faults are temporary in They can also be used on three-
nature and, at most, last from only CLASSIFYING
FEATURES phase circuits where the load is
a few cycles to a few seconds. predominantly single phase. Thus,
Typical causes of these temporary Major classifying features of auto- when a permanent phase-to-
faults are: matic circuit reclosers are: ground fault occurs, one phase can
be locked-out while service is main-
1. Windblown conductors touch- 1. Single-phase or three-phase. tained to the remaining two-thirds
ing one another. 2. Control: hydraulic or electronic. of the system.
2. Lightning surges flashing over 3. Interrupters: oil or vacuum.
an insulator. THREE-PHASE
4. Insulation: oil or air. RECLOSERS
3. Birds, reptiles or small animals
bridging between an energized Tables on pages 6 thru 11 contain Three-phase reclosers, as shown in
line and a grounded surface. a detailed listing of reclosers cur- Figure 2 and Figure 3, are used
rently manufactured by Cooper where lockout of all three phases is
4. Tree branches touching ener- Power Systems Kyle Distribution
gized lines. required for any permanent fault.
Switchgear. They are also used to prevent sin-
5. Switching surges that flash over gle-phasing of three-phase loads
on insulator. RECLOSERS: SINGLE- such as large three-phase motors.
Based on statistics and observa- PHASE OR THREE- Three-phase reclosers have two
tions, the need for a trip-and- PHASE modes of operation.
reclose function was readily Both single- and three-phase 1. Single-phase trip and three-
recognized; that is, if the line could reclosers are available to satisfy phase lockout. The single-
be tripped open momentarily, a application requirements. phase trip, three-phase lockout
subsequent reclosure very likely mode consists of three, single-
would be successful because, by phase reclosers mounted in a
then, the cause of the fault would single tank with mechanical
be gone. Thus, the automatic cir- interconnection for lockout only.
cuit recloser, in providing this trip- Each phase operates indepen-
TABLE 1
Recloser Ratings Summary (See Tables 2-5 for more detailed ratings data)
Max. Cont. Interrupting
Voltage Current Rating
Rating Rating (sym amps at Interrupting Recloser
(kV) (amps) max. voltage) Medium Control Type
Single-Phase
50 1250 Oil Hydraulic H
100 2000 * Oil Hydraulic 4H
200 2000 * Vacuum Hydraulic V4H
2.4 - 14.4 280 4000 * Oil Hydraulic L
280 6000 * Vacuum Hydraulic V4L
560 10000 * Oil Hydraulic D
400 8000 * Vacuum Electronic VXE15
100 2500 Oil Hydraulic E
24.9 280 4000 Oil Hydraulic 4E
280 6000 Vacuum Hydraulic V4E
400 8000 Vacuum Electronic VXE27
24.9 - 34.5 560 8000 Oil Hydraulic DV
Three-Phase
100 2000 * Oil Hydraulic 6H
200 2000 * Oil Hydraulic V6H
560 10000 * Oil Hydraulic W
560 ** 10000 * Oil Electronic WE
Figure 3.
Kyle Type VSA20A vacuum, three- 560 12000 Vacuum Hydraulic VW
phase, air-insulated, electronically 2.4 - 14.4 560 12000 Vacuum Electronic PWE ***
controlled recloser. 560 ** 12000 Vacuum Electronic VWE
600 12000 Vacuum Electronic VSA12B
800 12000 Vacuum Electronic VSA12
dently for overcurrent tripping 800 16000 Vacuum Electronic VSA16
and reclosing. If any phase 800 20000 Vacuum Electronic VSA20
operates to lockout condition 1200 20000 Vacuum Electronic VSA20A
(due to a permanent fault), the 560 8000 Oil Hydraulic WV27
mechanical linkage trips open 560 ** 8000 Oil Electronic WVE27
the other two phases and locks 24.9 560 12000 Vacuum Hydraulic VWV27
them open. Thus, extended sin- 560 ** 12000 Vacuum Electronic VWVE27
gle-phase energization of three- 560 12000 Vacuum Electronic PWVE ***
phase loads is prevented. This 560 8000 Oil Hydraulic WV38X
type operation is provided for 560 ** 8000 Oil Electronic WVE38X
smaller recloser types. 34.5 560 12000 Vacuum Hydraulic VWV38X
2. Three-phase trip and three- 560 12000 Vacuum Electronic VWVE38X
phase lock-out. Larger 560 ** 12000 Vacuum Electronic VSO12
reclosers use the three-phase 560 ** 16000 Vacuum Electronic VSO16
trip with three-phase lockout
operating mode. For any fault * Interrupting rating will be higher at lower voltage as shown in expanded tables.
—single-phase-to-ground, ** Continuous current rating can be extended to 800 amps with an accessory.
phase-to-phase, or three- *** For padmounted installation.
phase—all contacts open simul-
taneously for each trip
operation. The three phases,
mechanically linked together for
tripping and recloslng, are
operated by a common mecha-
nism.
2
280-05
ELECTRONIC
CONTROLS
Kyle electronic recloser controls
are used with three-phase
reclosers. Compared with the
hydraulic control, they are more
flexible, more easily adjusted and
programmed, and more accurate.
Hydraulic
Pump and The electronic control is housed in
lockout piston a cabinet separate from the
recloser and conveniently permits
Series Trip changes to timing, phase and
Solenoid ground trip current levels, and
sequences of recloser operations,
without de-energizing or untanking
Vacuum the recloser. A wide range of
Interrupter
accessories is available to modify
the basic operation, solving many
application problems. Figure 6.
Kyle Form 3A recloser control.
Figure 4. Current Sensing
Untanked view of Type V4L recloser. control operating parameters
Line current is sensed by special
sensing current transformers in the including; minimum trip levels,
CONTROLS: recloser. The recloser and control time-current curve selection, and
are connected by a multi-conduc- sequences of recloser operation,
HYDRAULIC OR are keyboard programmable.
tor control cable that carries sens-
ELECTRONIC ing transformer secondary currents The control, shown in Figure 5, pro-
The intelligence that enables a to the control and the necessary vides a wide range of features
recloser to sense overcurrents, trip and reclose signals from the including; supervisory operation,
select timing operation, time the control to the recloser. event recorder, recloser duty moni-
tripping and reclosing functions, tor, demand metering, and load
and finally lockout is provided by its Form 4C profile monitor.
control. There are two basic types Microprocessor-Based
The control has the capability for
of control schemes used: an inte- Control full-duplex (two-way) digital com-
gral hydraulic control or an elec-
tronic control located in a separate Kyle offers two electronic controls, munications to provide real time
cabinet. that can be used in conjunction data acquisition and control. A 24
with any of Kyle’s broad line of Vdc sealed lead-acid battery pro-
HYDRAULIC CONTROL electronically controlled reclosers. vides backup power to the control,
assuring adequate operating
Hydraulic recloser control (refer to The Form 4C Type ME control power under all fault conditions.
Figure 4) is used in all single-phase incorporates microprocessor tech-
nology to provide versatility and For complete descriptive and
reclosers, except Types VXE15 and ordering information on the Form
VXE27, and in some three-phase ease of operation. All standard
4C control, refer to Catalog Section
reclosers. It is built as an integral 280-77.
part of the recloser. With this type
of control, an overcurrent is sensed Form 3A Type ME
by a trip coil that is connected in Control
series with the line.
When the overcurrent flows through The Form 3A Type ME control,
the coil, a plunger is drawn into the shown in Figure 6, is a static con-
coil to trip open the recloser con- trol device. Its automatic control
tacts. Timing and sequencing are functions are performed by solid-
accomplished by pumping oil state electronic components.
through separate hydraulic cham- Precise, discrete values for the
bers or ducts. operating parameters are provided
by plug-in components.
For smaller reclosers, the reclosing
energy is provided by springs that A 24 Vdc nickel-cadmium battery
are charged by the series trip-coil supplies the control, assuring ade-
plunger during overcurrent opera- quate operating power under all
tion. fault conditions. Complete descrip-
tive and ordering information on the
Larger reclosers are closed from a Form 3A Type ME control can be
separate closing solenoid that is found in Catalog Section 280-75.
energized by line potential from the Figure 5.
source side of the recloser. Kyle Form 4C recloser control.
3
General Ratings Information and Catalog Guide For Single-Phase and Three-Phase Reclosers
4
280-05
Figure 9 shows a typical recloser To coordinate a recloser with a be more delayed than the fuse-link
operating sequence to lockout for a downline fuse, the fuse link size clearing time, allowing the fuse to
permanent fault. should be selected to coordinate clear permanent faults without trip-
with the recloser fast and time- ping the recloser.
Recloser-to-recloser coordination is delay curves.
achieved primarily by selecting dif-
ferent coil sizes or trip values with A recloser operating on its fast
further coordination possible by dif- curve should clear a temporary
ferent time delays or sequences. fault before the fuse link can be
damaged. When on its time-delay
curve, a recloser operation should
SUBSTATION SINGLE-PHASE 1φ
LINES
A 3φ 3φ
HIGH-SIDE
FUSE
THREE-PHASE
3φ
LINES
C D
A 3φ 3φ B
TRANSFORMER
69 - 14.4 KV C D
RECLOSERS:
A. 3φ RECLOSER PROTECTING FEEDER 3φ
LEAVING SUBSTATION.* 1φ
B. 3φ LINE RECLOSER FOR
SECTIONALIZING LONG LINE.* 1φ D
C. 3φ RECLOSER FOR TAP WITH
LARGER LOAD.*
D. 1φ RECLOSER FOR SMALLER D 1φ
1φ TAP.
*1φ reclosers may be substituted
if system considerations permit
1φ lockout.
Figure 8.
Typical line diagram of distribution circuit showing application of reclosers.
FAULT
CURRENT FAST OPERATIONS TIME-DELAY OPERATIONS
(CONTACTS CLOSED) (CONTACTS CLOSED)
LOAD CURRENT
(CONTACTS CLOSED) RECLOSER
LOCKOUT
(CONTACTS
OPEN)
FAULT
INITIATED RECLOSING INTERVALS
TIME (CONTACTS OPEN)
Figure 9.
Recloser operating sequence when a permanent fault occurs.
5
General Ratings Information and Catalog Guide For Single-Phase and Three-Phase Reclosers
TABLE 2
Single-Phase, Hydraulically Controlled Reclosers
*Trip rating is 140% of X coil ratings, all other are 200%. (continued)
6
280-05
TABLE 2 (Continued)
Single-Phase, Hydraulically Controlled Reclosers
TABLE 3
Single-Phase, Electronically Controlled Reclosers
7
General Ratings Information and Catalog Guide For Single-Phase and Three-Phase Reclosers
TABLE 4
Three-Phase, Hydraulically Controlled Reclosers
* Phases trip individually on overcurrent, but trip and lock out all three phases at the final step in sequence. Other (continued)
reclosers operate all three phases simultaneously under all conditions.
** Trip rating is 140% of X coil ratings, all other are 200%.
8
280-05
TABLE 4 (Continued)
Three-Phase, Hydraulically Controlled Reclosers
TABLE 5
Three-Phase, Electronically Controlled Reclosers
* Continuous current rating can be extended to 800 amps with an accessory. (continued)
**For padmounted installation.
9
General Ratings Information and Catalog Guide For Single-Phase and Three-Phase Reclosers
TABLE 5 (Continued)
Three-Phase, Electronically Controlled Reclosers
10
280-05
TABLE 5 (Continued)
Three-Phase, Electronically Controlled Reclosers
11
General Ratings Information and Catalog Guide For Single-Phase and Three-Phase Reclosers
Kyle® is a registered trademark of Cooper Industries, Inc. P.O. Box 1640, Waukesha, WI 53187
KTM
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