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    Thevenin's Theorem Lab: Voltage, V

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    Md Johurul Islam
    This document describes an experiment to verify Thevenin's theorem in an electrical circuit lab. The theorem states that any linear two-terminal network can be reduced to an equivalent circuit with one voltage source in series with one resistor. The lab procedure measures the equivalent voltage and resistance of sample circuits and confirms the theorem by comparing the current through a load resistor in the original and equivalent circuits. Components, experimental process, sample data table and results are presented.

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    Thevenin's Theorem Lab: Voltage, V

    Uploaded by

    Md Johurul Islam
    177 views3 pages
    This document describes an experiment to verify Thevenin's theorem in an electrical circuit lab. The theorem states that any linear two-terminal network can be reduced to an equivalent circuit with one voltage source in series with one resistor. The lab procedure measures the equivalent voltage and resistance of sample circuits and confirms the theorem by comparing the current through a load resistor in the original and equivalent circuits. Components, experimental process, sample data table and results are presented.

    Original Description:

    Practical Thevenin theorem---Johir Apee RU

    Original Title

    TheveninsTheorem Lab_Corrceted 2018

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    This document describes an experiment to verify Thevenin's theorem in an electrical circuit lab. The theorem states that any linear two-terminal network can be reduced to an equivalent circuit with one voltage source in series with one resistor. The lab procedure measures the equivalent voltage and resistance of sample circuits and confirms the theorem by comparing the current through a load resistor in the original and equivalent circuits. Components, experimental process, sample data table and results are presented.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    177 views3 pages

    Thevenin's Theorem Lab: Voltage, V

    Uploaded by

    Md Johurul Islam
    This document describes an experiment to verify Thevenin's theorem in an electrical circuit lab. The theorem states that any linear two-terminal network can be reduced to an equivalent circuit with one voltage source in series with one resistor. The lab procedure measures the equivalent voltage and resistance of sample circuits and confirms the theorem by comparing the current through a load resistor in the original and equivalent circuits. Components, experimental process, sample data table and results are presented.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    B.Sc. Engg.

    Part-1 Odd Semester 2018


    Department of Applied Physics and electronic Engineering
    University of Rajshahi

    Thevenin’s Theorem Lab

    Thevenin’s Theorem is used to reduce a complex circuit into an equivalent series circuit containing a voltage source
    and a series resistor.

     To calculate the current through (or voltage across) a component in any circuit,
     To develop a constant voltage equivalent circuit which may be used to simplify the analysis of a complex circuit.

    Theorem: Any linear two terminal network can be


    “replaced with” a single voltage source in series with a
    single resistor (see Fig. 1 below). The voltage source is
    called the Thevenin’s equivalent voltage, and the resistance
    is called the Thevenin’s equivalent resistance.

    How to Thevenize a given network:


    Step 1:
    Remove the resistor, RL through which you wish to
    calculate the current or across which you want to know the
    voltage. Label these terminals (where the resistor was
    removed) ‘A’ and ‘B’. Calculate the voltage that appears
    across these open terminals (between A and B). This is Figure -1: A network replaced with its Thevenin equivalent
    circuit
    called the open circuit voltage or the Thevenin’s equivalent
    voltage, VTH.

    Let’s consider the example shown in Fig. 2. Use the voltage


    source, V, and the voltage dividing network made up of R 1, R2 and
    R3. Here resistor R3 does not influence the voltage that appears
    Figure-2: Open circuit voltage (Thevenin's
    across the AB terminals. This is because no current is drawn voltage) calculation
    through R3. This leaves only R1 and R2. It is seen that the voltage
    drop across R2 is equal to 𝑉𝑇𝐻 and it is given by Eq. 1.
    𝑉 𝑅2
    𝑉𝑇𝐻 = − − − − − − − −(1)
    𝑅1 + 𝑅2

    Step 2:
    From the open terminals, (‘A’ and ‘B’) calculate the resistance Figure-3: Calculation of Thevenin's equivalent
    resistance
    “looking back” from the open terminals into the network as shown
    in figure-3. Each voltage source must be replaced by a resistor equal to the internal resistanceof the voltage source
    before the Thevenin’s resistance is evaluated. If 𝑅𝑖 = 0, then replace the voltage source with a zero ohm resistor
    (short). The resistance seen from terminals AB is the Thevenin’s resistance 𝑅𝑇𝐻 is given by
    𝑅1 𝑅2
    𝑅𝑇𝐻 = 𝑅3 + − − − − − − − (2)
    𝑅1 + 𝑅2

    1
    B.Sc. Engg. Part-1 Odd Semester 2018
    Department of Applied Physics and electronic Engineering
    University of Rajshahi

    Thevenin equivalent circuit

    Fig.4 shows the Thevenin’s equivalent circuit with the load resistor, R L.

    From the Kirchhoff’s law we know the current through RL is:


    𝑉𝑇𝐻
    𝐼𝑅𝐿 = − − − − − − − −(3)
    𝑅𝑇𝐻 + 𝑅𝐿
    and the voltage across load (RL) is: Figure 4 : Thevenin’s equivalent circuit

    𝑉𝑇𝐻 𝑅𝐿
    𝑉𝐿 = 𝐼𝑅𝐿 𝑅𝐿 = − − − − − − − −(4)
    𝑅𝑇𝐻 + 𝑅𝐿

    How to write Laboratory Report (Sample)

    Name of the experiment: Verification of Thevenin’s theorem

    Theory: Any linear two-terminal network can be replaced with a single voltage source in series with a single resistor
    ( Fig. 1 ). The voltage source is the open circuit voltage measured at the load terminals and known as Thevenin’s
    equivalent voltage. The series resistance is the equivalent resistance as seen from the load terminals with all sources
    of emf are replaced by their internal resistance and known as Thevenin’s equivalent resistance.

    Let us consider the circuit as shown in fig.2. Thevenin’s open circuit voltage VTH is measured using a voltmeter
    from this circuit. It can be calculated from the following formula
    𝑉 𝑅2
    𝑉𝑇𝐻 = − − − − − − − −(1)
    𝑅1 + 𝑅2

    The equivalent resistance can be measured from circuit as shown in fig.3. The value of Thevenin’s resistance can
    be evaluated from the formula
    𝑅1 𝑅2
    𝑅𝑇𝐻 = 𝑅3 + − − − − − − − −(2)
    𝑅1 + 𝑅2

    Thevenin’s equivalent circuit of the network as shown in fig.1, is shown in fig.4. Therefore, circuits as shown in
    fig.1 and fig.4 will be used to measure the load current (IL) through the resistor RL. Thevenin’s theorem is said to
    be experimentally verified if the values of load currents ( original and equivalent circuits) are equal.

    List of apparatus and components:

    1. DC power supply
    2. Bread board
    3. Multimeter
    4. Resistors
    5. Connecting wires

    2
    B.Sc. Engg. Part-1 Odd Semester 2018
    Department of Applied Physics and electronic Engineering
    University of Rajshahi

    Experimental Table: Experimental data for the verification of Thevenin theorem

    Supply voltage, V = 5 V and 𝑅𝐿 = 1 K

    Thevenin Thevenin Load current, 𝐼𝐿 (mA)


    observations

    Resistor values equivalent equivalent Original Equivalent Measured load


    No. of

    (K) Voltage , Resistance , circuit circuit current difference,


    𝑉𝑇𝐻 (V) 𝑅𝑇𝐻 () 𝐼𝐷 = 𝐼𝐿𝑂𝑀 − 𝐼𝐿𝐸𝑀
    Cal. Mea. Cal. Mea. (mA)
    𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅3 Cal. Mea. Cal. Mea
    𝐼𝐿𝑂𝐶 𝐼𝐿𝑂𝑀 𝐼𝐿𝐸𝐶 𝐼𝐿𝐸𝑀
    1 2 3 1
    2 0.1 1 2
    3 0.22 2 3

    Precautions:
    The followings measures should be taken during the experimental procedures.
    1. Supply voltage should be measured after connecting the power to the circuit.
    2. Measurement of resistance is carried out using a digital Ohm meter.
    3. Measurement range should be in appropriate position before measuring any quantity.
    4. Circuit connections are made tightly.
    5. Power source must be disconnected from the circuit during 𝑅𝑇𝐻 measurement.

    Result and discussion:


    It is seen from the table-1 that the difference in current through the load of original circuit and its Thevenin
    equivalent circuit is approximately equal. Therefore, it can be said that the Thevenin theorem is experimentally
    verified.

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