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    Assumptions 1 All The Liquids Are Incompressible. 2

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    Kaffi Rockavanka
    1. This document describes how to calculate the pressure difference between fresh water and seawater pipes connected by a U-tube manometer. By applying the principles of fluid statics, accounting for the densities of water, mercury, air and seawater, the pressure difference is calculated to be 3.39 kPa. 2. This document describes how to calculate flow velocity in a horizontal pipe using Bernoulli's equation. By measuring the static and stagnation pressures with a Pitot-static probe and applying Bernoulli's equation between the two measurement points, the flow velocity is calculated to be 1.72 m/s. 3. Both solutions apply principles of fluid mechanics - fluid statics for the first problem calculating

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    Assumptions 1 All The Liquids Are Incompressible. 2

    Uploaded by

    Kaffi Rockavanka
    47 views2 pages
    1. This document describes how to calculate the pressure difference between fresh water and seawater pipes connected by a U-tube manometer. By applying the principles of fluid statics, accounting for the densities of water, mercury, air and seawater, the pressure difference is calculated to be 3.39 kPa. 2. This document describes how to calculate flow velocity in a horizontal pipe using Bernoulli's equation. By measuring the static and stagnation pressures with a Pitot-static probe and applying Bernoulli's equation between the two measurement points, the flow velocity is calculated to be 1.72 m/s. 3. Both solutions apply principles of fluid mechanics - fluid statics for the first problem calculating

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    mekanika fluida

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    mekflu 1

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    1. This document describes how to calculate the pressure difference between fresh water and seawater pipes connected by a U-tube manometer. By applying the principles of fluid statics, accounting for the densities of water, mercury, air and seawater, the pressure difference is calculated to be 3.39 kPa. 2. This document describes how to calculate flow velocity in a horizontal pipe using Bernoulli's equation. By measuring the static and stagnation pressures with a Pitot-static probe and applying Bernoulli's equation between the two measurement points, the flow velocity is calculated to be 1.72 m/s. 3. Both solutions apply principles of fluid mechanics - fluid statics for the first problem calculating

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    47 views2 pages

    Assumptions 1 All The Liquids Are Incompressible. 2

    Uploaded by

    Kaffi Rockavanka
    1. This document describes how to calculate the pressure difference between fresh water and seawater pipes connected by a U-tube manometer. By applying the principles of fluid statics, accounting for the densities of water, mercury, air and seawater, the pressure difference is calculated to be 3.39 kPa. 2. This document describes how to calculate flow velocity in a horizontal pipe using Bernoulli's equation. By measuring the static and stagnation pressures with a Pitot-static probe and applying Bernoulli's equation between the two measurement points, the flow velocity is calculated to be 1.72 m/s. 3. Both solutions apply principles of fluid mechanics - fluid statics for the first problem calculating

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    1.

    Solution Fresh and seawater flowing in parallel horizontal pipelines are connected to each other by a
    double U-tube manometer. The pressure difference between the two pipelines is to be determined.
    Assumptions 1 All the liquids are incompressible. 2
    The effect of air column on pressure is negligible.
    Properties The densities of seawater and mercury
    Air
    are given to be sea = 1035 kg/m3 and Hg = 13,600 hsea
    kg/m3. We take the density of water to be w =1000
    kg/m3. hair
    Sea
    Analysis Starting with the pressure in the fresh Fresh water
    water pipe (point 1) and moving along the tube by water
    adding (as we go down) or subtracting (as we go up)
    the gh terms until we reach the sea water pipe (point hw
    2), and setting the result equal to P2 gives hHg
    Mercury
    P1   w ghw   Hg ghHg   air ghair   sea ghsea  P2

    Rearranging and neglecting the effect of air column on


    pressure,
    P1  P2    w ghw   Hg ghHg   sea ghsea  g (  Hg hHg   w hw   sea hsea )
    Substituting,

    P1  P2  (9.81 m/s 2 )[(13600 kg/m 3 )( 0.1 m)


     1 kN 
     (1000 kg/m 3 )( 0.6 m)  (1035 kg/m 3 )( 0.4 m)]  
     1000 kg  m/s 2 
     
     3.39 kN/m 2  3.39 kPa
    Therefore, the pressure in the fresh water pipe is 3.39 kPa higher than the pressure in the sea water pipe.
    Discussion A 0.70-m high air column with a density of 1.2 kg/m3 corresponds to a pressure difference of
    0.008 kPa. Therefore, its effect on the pressure difference between the two pipes is negligible.

    2.
    Solution The static and stagnation pressures in a horizontal pipe are measured. The velocity at the center
    of the pipe is to be determined.
    Assumptions The flow is steady, incompressible, and irrotational with negligible frictional effects in the short
    distance between the two pressure measurement locations (so that the Bernoulli equation is applicable).
    Analysis We take points 1 and 2 along the centerline of the pipe, with point 1 directly under the
    piezometer and point 2 at the entrance of the Pitot-static probe (the stagnation point).
    This is a steady flow with straight and parallel streamlines,
    and thus the static pressure at any point is equal to the
    hydrostatic pressure at that point. Noting that point 2 is a 35 cm
    stagnation point and thus V2 = 0 and z1 = z2, the application of 20 cm
    the Bernoulli equation between points 1 and 2 gives
    Water 1 V
    P1 V12 P2 V22 V12 P2  P1 2
      z1    z2  
    g 2 g g 2 g 2g g
    Substituting the P1 and P2 expressions give
    V12 P2  P1 g (hpitot  R )  g (hpiezo  R ) g (hpitot  hpiezo )
        hpitot  hpiezo
    2g g g g
    Solving for V1 and substituting,
    V1  2 g (hpitot  hpiezo )  2(9.81 m/s 2 )[( 0.35  0.20 ) m]  1.72 m/s

    Discussion Note that to determine the flow velocity, all we need is to measure the height of the excess fluid
    column in the Pitot-static probe.

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