Volume 1 Number 2

p-ISSN: 2549-1849 | e-ISSN: 2549-3434

http://jurnal.unimed.ac.id/2012/index.php/jcrs/article/view/9344

STRENGTH-WEAKNESS-OPPROTUNITY-THREAT (SWOT) ANALYSIS

TO ENHANCE PRODUCTIVITY OF BATIK INDUSTRY CENTRE IN
EAST JAVA PROVINCE INDONESIA

Ika Atsari Dewi1*, Susinggih Wijana1, M. Andhy Nurmansyah2, Romy Setiawan3,

Wendra G. Rohmah1, Nur Lailatul Rahmah1, Rheysa Permata Sari1
1
Agro-industrial Technology Department, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
2
English Literature Department, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
3
Fine Arts Department, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
*Corresponding Author: ikaatsaridewi@ub.ac.id

Abstract
It is acknowledged that the struggle faced by the batik industry, particularly in the Province of East
Java, dealing with growth challenges caused by several factors: less attractive design, the
conventional use of manual handling, and less governmental-institutional support. The purpose of this
study is to analyze the performance of centers of Batik industry in Sampang, Trenggalek and Tuban
Regencies highlighting their related-production quality and quantity. The location selection of batik
production centers is based on coordination with Department of Industry and Trade in each area.
Data is collected through surveys and interviews. This study concludes several things. There are six
production system elements analyzed in this research included technology (production capacity of
batik), funding, raw material, human resources, marketing, and pattern design.

Keywords: batik pattern, micro small medium entreprises, productivity

1. INTRODUCTION
Batik is one of the original Indonesian technique in cloth dyeing, using wax to cover specific patterns so they will
not receive the colour. Batik is not only an art, but also a craft, which become more popular as one of the creative
industry sectors. UNESCO inscribed Indonesian Batik on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage
of Humanity in 2009 (Bungin, 2005). In the present the needs of market and production of batik are very high not
only in the form of cloth, but also various crafts.

The development of batik craft centers in East Java has not been as encouraging as in Central Java Province. Batik
craft centers in East Java include Madura, Malang, Jombang, Tulungagung and Kediri Regencies. Among these
areas, the region of Madura experiences rapid development with its center in Sampang, Pamekasan and Sumenep
Subdistrict. The various centers of East Java batik nowadays have been trying to develop designs with various
innovative batik products, but the results achieved have not been maximized.

The fundamental weakness faced by handicraft centers in East Java is the lack of development of batik design and
still the traditional production technology used. Both of these have an impact on low product competitiveness due to
the small production capacity and the sluggish innovation of existing batik patterns. Apart from the technological
aspects of the institutional aspects involved in the development of batik SMEs are also not developed as well as in
the region of Central Java. Institutional role should be able to accelerate the ability of batik artisans in improvisation
of design and technology adoption, improvement of production efficiency, expansion of marketing network and
efficiency of promotion media for all artisans in batik craft area. The aim of this study was to find out the qualitative
Strength-Weakness-Opportunity-Threat (SWOT) analysis of some batik industry centres in East Java Province,
Indonesia.

2. METHOD
This research is limited to evaluation and planning of solution strategy in the scope of component of batik
production system such as Technology (Low production capacity), Capital (Low capital interest), Raw material
(Low availability and High price), Human resource (Lack of skillful batik-dyeing process), Marketing (Weak
partnership system), and Design (Motive predominantly by natural resources, cultural motif has not yet emerging).

Research is also limited to recommendations to companies not until implementation. This research uses qualitative
method with Strength-Weakness-Opportunity-Threat (SWOT) analysis and quantitative calculation with scoring
method. There are nine owners of batik SMEs in Sampang, Trenggalek and Tuban Regencies as rrespondents. This

Received: 12 December 2017; Reviewed: 9 March 2018; Approved: 15 March 2018 97

study uses three criterias: cost affordability, ease of implementation, and effectiveness of resource use. Twenty eight
variables are used, which consists of a list of corporate strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT)
analysis results. The research variables can be seen in Table 1.

The sampling techniques used was purposive sampling, a data collection with a technique of sampling collection
from data resources considered mastering material expected so that can ease the research process (Sugiyono, 2014).
Data collection methods used was semi-structured interview and observation. Observation is a data collection
method that can be used to collect the data which can be observed by the researcher (Bungin, 2005).

Through the researcher's consideration, respondents chose to help this research are those having Small and Medium
Enterprise (widely known as UKM in Bahasa) in Batik production to get information on internal and external
environment condition of the company. Another consideration to decide the point of the main weakness, strength,
opportunity, and threat until the solution alternative determination was done with a discussion between researcher
and respondents.

Table 1: SWOT Analysis to the Components Of Batik Production System

Production Element
No Problem Statement
System Element SWOT
 Batik Tulis (hand-drawn batik) has been longer mastered by the
craftsmen in East Java.
Strength
 Batik Tulis, especially those colored with natural color is
relatively more expensive than printed batik.
 The production capacity of batik tulis is low since depending on
the women labor's skill.
Weakness
 Natural color for batik tulis is hard to be widely produced since
Technology (Low the lack of availability of raw material.
1. capacity of batik  Production development into the semi-printed technology with a
production) Opportunity bigger capacity through appropriate technology introduction of
printed-drawn and Sablon-drawn combination.
 Not all UKM in Batik production based in a regional area has a
skill on printed and Sablon, for that matter, education and
training on it are required.
Challenges
 Production technology changes into the semi-printed technology
must be offset by market development effort so that all batik
products can be absorbed.
 There are many capitalizations offering debt for equity with low-
Strength
interest credit for UKM development.
Capitalization  There are no many UKMs in batik production which is able to
Weakness
(Low-interest access credit debt for equity with low interest.
2.
capital is  Maximization of the number of UKM which is able to access
plentiful, UKM is Opportunity capital credit with low interest.
not able to  The ability of production management and marketing of UKM
absorb) engaged in batik production is inadequate, in order to enhance
Challenges
the capability, long-terms empowerment (structured-training and
an additional account) are still required.
3. Raw material Strength  The number of UKM in batik production that has been existed
(low availability and its possibility of development in the future.
and high price) Weakness  The lack of facility provided by government or private sector to
build a cooperative of facility and infrastructure for batik
development which is able to provide an affordable batik
production needs.
Opportunity  Establishing economic entity of raw material and additional
material procurement for batik production.
Challenges  In order to establish a cooperative providing facility and
infrastructure for batik development, it needs a commitment
between related stakeholder (departments and batik craftsman
association), funding planning, and the human resources ability
to manage cooperative.
4. Human Resource Strength  A skill to produce batik tulis has been mastered by an old
(skilled-batik generation which will be easy to be taught to the younger

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 craftsman is generation.
getting low) Weakness  Younger generation interest in working at batik production sector
is low, the reasons influencing are income and prestige to prefer
work at a factory.
Opportunity  Younger generation skill is directed into the semi-printed
technique so that the production capacity is high, and the old
generation craftsmen are directed into the batik tulis which the
price is relatively expensive.
Challenges  UKM consciousness to the importance of craftsman's skill
development and the compensation to the performance given.
5. Marketing (Not Strength  The needs of batik have an increase dispositional with the
developed yet a existence of strengthening from the local government and
tough partnership society's consciousness.
system) Weakness  UKM skillfulness to perform low-market development, the vast
majority depend on traditional marketing system
Opportunity  Establishing a mutual market institutional to facilitate batik
marketing from various regions
Challenges  The difficult to meet related side (departments) entrepreneur to
build a mutual marketing network for UKM.
6. Design (Most of Strength  A culture to create a natural resources-based batik design has
the pattern is existed at all of the UKMs
dominated by Weakness  There is no more batik with cultural design produced in East
Human resources, Java
typical pattern of Opportunity  Regional cultural utilization to develop batik in East Java
culture does not
Challenges  Has not mastered yet cultural exploration technique that can be
appear yet)
applied for batik design.
 There is not yet an education and training of local cultural-based
batik design development

2.1. SMEs Condition Analysis and Solution Strategy Planning with SWOT Analysis
Through consideration of researchers and respondents, the analysis of the condition of SMEs Batik using SWOT
both from the internal and external aspects of the company with qualitative way will produce research variables.
Formulation of alternative solution also obtained from qualitative method that is with discussion between researcher
with respondent and consider research variable. Hence, the alternative formulation of the solution will be divided
into four categories containing of combinations of two aspects: SO (Strength-Opportunity), ST (Strength-Threat),
WO (Weakness-Opportunity), and WT (Weakness-Threat). Explanation of the comparison matrix is among others
(Rangkuti, 2006):
a. SO strategy is based on the company's way of thinking, by utilizing all the power to seize and take
advantage of opportunities as much as possible
b. Strategy ST is made by using the strength of the company to overcome the threat.
c. WO strategy is applied based on the utilization of existing opportunities by minimizing the weaknesses
owned by the company.
d. WT strategy is based on activities that are defensive and try to minimize the weaknesses of the company
and avoid threats.

2.2. Determining Alternative Solutions with Scoring Solutions

Alternative solutions analyzed using scoring is an alternative solution that has been formulated with consideration of
internal and external factors of the company. Scoring methods are used to get the main priority of alternative
solutions that must be done for the most optimal improvement. The assessment of alternative solutions is based on
the criteria that influence the selection of those alternatives. The first scoring is done by assigning a weighted value
to each of the criteria. The weighted value scale is given in the range of 0 to 1, with the total weight of all criteria is
1. Both provide a ranking rating against the alternative solutions that have been formulated. The rated scores for
ratings of 1 to 5 with 1 are the worst and 5 is the best value. The results obtained the average total score of the
multiplication of weights and the ranking of each alternative solution. The result of the highest score is then become
an alternative solution with the top priority.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1. Result of Alternative Solution Formulation with SWOT Analysis
Referring to the internal and external factors of the company, the SWOT analysis gives the alternative consideration
of the solution not from the positive side of the company but also from the negative side of the company such as

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weaknesses and threats so that alternative solutions will become more in line with the company's ability to be
realized. The results of alternative formulated solutions can be seen in Table 2 below.

Table 2: Solution Alternative With SWOT Matrices

Internal
Strength (S) Weakness (W)
External
SO Strategy WO Strategy
 Production is directed into the combination  Establishing a batik craftsman association
of batik tulis technology and printed or (Cooperative or Batik association) in each
Sablon, tool investment is relatively cheap district area (D)
(A)
 Design development training for UKM (B)  Entering batik knowledge into one of the
Opportunity extracurricular activities (kindergarten or
(O) TK, elementary school or SD, junior and
senior high school or SMP and SMA) (E)
 Explorative study of typical local culture  Building a batik producer and trader
that can be used to design culture (C) (marketing) partnership which is
conducive and takes the UKM
development (F)
 Legal facility for competent UKM (G)
ST Strategy WT Strategy
 Enhancing trade volume by actively  Training on various technological method
participating in exhibitions, fashion show, of production for UKM engaged in batik
etc (H) (L)
 Batik promotion at various prestigious  Enlarge market with participating in a
Threat (T) events (national & international) (I) marketing partnership through cooperative
outlet etc. (M)
 Design-build competition of local batik  Establishing marketing network of batik
pattern at various activities (event) (J) outside the district (N)
 Community development of oversight  Batik craft introduction since the early
committee of local batik (K) childhood (O)

Fifteen alternative solutions are formulated on the basis of root causes such as low-cost traditional batik production
because of relying on human skills, stamp techniques and high-speed printing speeds, but selling low-price products,
not dominating the market (relatively small product demand), most craftsmen rely on sales system with cash
payment, the absence of workshop materials raw materials capable of serving the quantity and continuity high, and
low prices, the job requires skill and perseverance that is meticulous, low income workers, image of batik work for
younger generation decreased, business between SMEs and traders (distributors), batik motifs obtained by self-
taught and modeled, mostly patterned SDA, not many local cultural motives, depending on the trend / model real
needs market, and very few batik motifs that get Patent. The root of the problem is used as a reference in the
formulation of alternative solutions so that the alternatives formed can minimize the existing problems and even
eliminate them.

3.2. Result of Calculation of Alternative Preference Solution with Scoring Method

Alternative solutions that have been formulated fifteen then assessed the total score of each to see how big the
priority level in each alternative solution. The alternative assessment of this solution also takes into consideration
the criterion value used as a consideration in running the alternative solution. The results of the average score
calculation can be seen in Table 3.

Table 3: Priority Scale Calculation of Solution Alternatives with Scoring Method

Solution Alternatives Types

Criteria Weight
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O

Ease of
0,2 5 5 4 4 5 3 3 4 4 2 3 4 4 3 3
Implementation

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 Affordable Cost 0,5 4 3 5 5 4 2 4 3 3 3 4 5 3 3 5
Effectivity
Resources 0,3 5 4 4 3 4 3 4 5 5 3 5 3 4 3 2
Utilization
3,
Total Weight 1 4,5 3,7 4,5 4,2 4,2 2,2 3,8 3,8 3,8 2,5 4,2 4,2 3,5 3,0
7
Priority Rank 1 4 1 2 2 8 3 3 3 7 2 2 5 6 4

The total weight value for each criterion is one. The values of each criterion include the ease of implementation of
0.2; affordability of the cost of 0.5 and the effectiveness of the use of resources 0.3. Criteria with the greatest weight
is the affordability of costs, it is because cost is a very important factor for the company because it must be through
consideration and adjustment with the ability of the company (Iwantono, 2011). The solution priority scale of
problems in Batik SMEs centre development can be seen in Table 4.

Table 4: Priority Scale Of Problem Solution In A Center Of UKM Engaged In Batik Development

No Solution Alternative Symbol Scale Rationalization

Product is directed into the
combination of batik tulis  Integrated technology will enhance production
1. A 1
technology and printing, tool capacity to decrease product price
investment is relatively cheap
Explorative study of local  Cultural studies will result in an artifact and
2. typical culture which can be C 1 add design alternative or batik pattern with
used to design a culture local typical culture nuance
Establishing batik craftsman
association (Cooperative or  There is a medium to channel aspiration and
3. D 2
Batik association) in each production fulfillment
district
Entering batik knowledge into
 Through introducing batik to the children will
one of the extracurricular
4. E 2 enhance their understanding, loving and
activities (TK, SD, SMP, SMA)
innovative insight
(E)
Establishing a community of  The existence of community will trigger a
5. K 2
local batik observer workshop, discussion, opinion acuity
Training on various production
 Technology training will enhance various
6. technology methods for UKM L 2
methods in batik production
engaged in batik production
Legal facility acquired for  Legal will enhance a sense of pride to the
7. G 3
competent UKM achievement in a batik design development
 Being participated in various events of
Increasing trade volume by
exhibitions and fashion shows will increase
8. actively participating in a H 3
UKM insight and competition map of batik
fashion show etc.
design
Batik promotion at various  Through increasing, batik image at national
9. prestigious events (national and I 3 and international's eye will create the sense of
international) pride and market needs
 Design training will enhance design ability
Design development training
10. B 4 that will enhance the number of patterns and
for UKM
legal of batik in a local area
Batik introduction since the  Increasing children's love and like to the local
11. O 4
early childhood culture
 Getting involved in an outlet and product
Enlarge market by actively
brand will result in to be more known by
participating in a marketing
12. M 5 consumer
partnership through cooperative
 Craftsman concentrates to the production and
outlet etc
design development

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4. CONCLUSION
Based on SWOT analysis, the highest priority to do are Integrated technology will enhance production capacity to
decrease product price and Cultural studies will result in an artifact and add design alternative or batik pattern with
local typical culture nuance.

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Rangkuti, F. 2006. Analisis SWOT Teknik Membedah Kasus Bisnis. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Jakarta.
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