Environmentally Sustainable Design Report

Waterman Emirates Page No.
i
Waterman International
Consulting Engineers and Facility Managers
Environmentally
Sustainable Design Report
ECO-LOFTS
Lot No: PACA-54
The Palm Jebel Ali
Job No: 22182
Our Ref: 22182
21 December 2008
Prepared by: Waterman International

Dubai Festival City
Festival Tower, Level 17
P.O. Box 117448
DUBAI, U.A.E.
Web: www.waterman-group.co.uk
SHIGERU BAN ARCHITECTS

坂茂建築設計
Doc ID: H:\LEED Books\Nakheel Environmentally Sustainable Design1.doc
Authorised by: PL
Rev ID: 1 Rev status: Preliminary Design Submission
Waterman International Page No. ii
Revision Record Sheet
A 22.02.09 Issued for Preliminary Design VL

Submission
Rev Date Description Prepared by Authorised by
Authorised by: PL

Waterman International Page No. iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Item Description Page No.
Executive Summary 1
1. Item 1: The Sustainability Report by a Qualified Expert 2
1.1. Compliance to Appendix C of the Development Control Regulations: 2

1.2. Compliance to “Environment, Health, Safety” Regulations for Green Building
Design in Dubai World Areas 3
1.3. Green Design Strategies 3
1.4. Codes and Guidelines 5
2. Item 2: Incorporate Principles of the ASHRAE Green Guide 7
2.1. ASHRAE Green Guide 7

2.2. ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 7
2.3. Mandatory requirement for Energy consumption reduction 7
3. Item 3: Include Statement on LEED Rating System Score 11
4. Item 4: Include a Computer Model for Energy Performance 12
4.1. Building Information Modelling 12

4.2. Input Data 13
4.3. Output Data 20
Summary and Next Design Stage 26
5. Item 5: Include Design Statements for Carbon Reduction 27
5.1. Reduction of Electricity usage 30

5.2. Reduction of Gas usage 31
6. Item 6: Include Proposal for Water Sensitive Urban Design 32
6.1. Reduction of Potable Water usage 32

6.2. Reuse of Graywater 34
6.3. Reuse of Wastewater 35
6.4. Reuse of Recovered Condensate 35
6.5. Reuse of Fire Fighting System Test Water 35
6.6. Reuse of Pool Water Backwash 35
6.7. Reuse of Rainwater and Storm water 35
7. Item 7: Pollution Protection to Achieve Minimum Solar Impact 38
7.1. Façade Treatment 38

7.2. Architectural Solutions 38
7.3. Use of Daylighting 39
8. Item 8: Windows and Wall Insulation Specifications 40
Authorised by: PL

Waterman International Page No. iv
8.1. Glazing Specs 40

8.2. Wall Build-up 40
9. Item 9: Include Provisions for Shading All Non-Roof Surfaces 41
10. Item 10: State Roof Area Vegetation for High Emissivity Levels 42
10.1. Green Roofs 42

10.2. Cool Roofs 42
10.3. Wetted Roofs 43
Appendices
A - LEED AP Certification 41
B - Preliminary LEED Project Checklist 42
C - DCR Appendix C Deviation Schedule 52
D - USGBC LEED Registration 53
Authorised by: PL

Waterman International Page No. 1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report forms part of the Palm Jebel Ali Preliminary Design Submission package as outlined in the
Palm Jebel Ali Development Control Regulations Crescent A, Version 1, issued December 2007.
This report will address the following items:
 ITEM 1: The Sustainability Report by a Qualified Expert
 ITEM 2: Incorporate Principles of the ASHRAE Green Guide
 ITEM 3: Include Statement on LEED Rating System Score
 ITEM 4: Include a Computer Model for Energy Performance
 ITEM 5: Include Design Statement for Carbon Reductions
 ITEM 6: Include Proposal for Water Sensitive Urban Design
 ITEM 8: Windows / Balconies Design / Wall Insulation Specifications
 ITEM 9: Include Provisions for Shading All Non-Roof Surfaces
 ITEM 10: State Roof Area Vegetation for High Emissivity Levels
Authorised by: PL
1. Project Description
1.1. Project Team
The exclusive residential beachfront development Plot A54 is part of the first phase of The Palm
Jebel Ali Project and will set a precedent for the overall development. The individual
developments of Crescent A will create homes for 45,000 people, form a vibrant community and
will provide accommodation for affluent young singles, couples and families. The Dubai, UAE
based developer of Plot A54 Arcology Properties expects highest standards of innovation and
sustainable design for their projects on Crescent-A of Palm Jebel Ali.
Shigeru Ban Architects are an accomplished Japanese and international architectural practice,
embracing the combination of Western and Eastern building forms and methods. Some of the
practice world-renowned work includes residential projects, Curtain Wall House (1995), Hanegi
forest, Picture window house (2002), Maison E (2006), JP and public project Hannover expo 2000
Japan Pavilion (2000), Pompidou Centre Metz (2009).
Terrell is a consultancy group of international stature specialized in all facets of building

engineering. For this development, Terrell provides engineering of Structural, MEP, LEED and
Fire / Safety.
1.2. Design Concept
The design for Plot A54 includes multi storey apartment units, a resident’s-only gym area, ground
floor food retail, and two basement car park levels. The site is accessible for pedestrians from
three sides and has direct beach frontage. A pedestrian alley connects corniche and street side.
The architects designed each residential unit with a 45° angle towards the sea front; this provide
each unit with magnificent sea view while respecting the direct overlooking into the assumed
residence of the adjacent plot.
Food retails open to street and water front, with which serve mainly for the needs of our building
residence and its adjoining neighbours’. Also we anticipate the area to become a lively open
space that attracts visitor to the Palm Jebel Ali Island and contribute to the vitalization of the area.
The parking space for the visitors is located on B1F/B2F. The access to the proposed retail space
to be directly from street/ water front; this will provide vitality and a human scale to the street and
water front same as the Dubai Marina and Jumeira beach residence.
2. Item 1: The Sustainability Report by a Qualified Expert

Vladimir Limin is a LEED Accredited Professional and will be acting as the LEED Facilitator on this
project. Please refer to Appendix A of this document for a copy of her USGBC Accreditation.
2.1. Compliance to Appendix C of the Development Control Regulations:
2.1.1. USGBC Gold LEED Rating
Please refer to Appendix B for the project LEED Checklist (LEED NC v2.2 October
2007) which identifies the credits being pursued. Please note that this checklist is
subject to revision throughout the Detailed Design stage of the project as the design
strategies are studied further and the cost of achieving various credits have been
identified by the project Cost Consultant.
Authorised by: PL

2.1.2. Sustainability Requirements
All design disciplines will confirm compliance to the mandatory sustainability

requirements as outlined in Madinat Al Arab, Development Control and Regulation
(DCR). Please refer to Appendix C of this report for the deviation schedule and the
technical justifications associated with the design strategy outlined.
2.2. Compliance to “Environment, Health, Safety” Regulations for Green Building

Design in Dubai World Areas
All design disciplines will confirm compliance to the requirements of the mandatory credits
as mandated by EHS. Please refer to Appendix B for the project LEED Checklist (LEED NC
v2.2 October 2007) for details.
2.3. Green Design Strategies
2.3.1. Mechanical and Building Management System
Mechanical & Building Management systems shall be designed with sustainability

as a prime consideration. The following (non exhaustive) list outlines the main green
design strategies associated with these systems:
 HVAC systems shall be designed to maximise energy performance. Heat

recovery facilities such as plate heat exchangers, thermal wheels, heat pipes
and run around coils shall be utilised in extract/supply air systems. High
efficiency plant and low NOx boilers shall be specified throughout. Variable
speed motors shall be used on all fans and pumps to optimize system
operation and reduce power demand.
 All ductwork and pipework shall be well insulated in order to minimise losses
and maximise potential energy recovery.
 A comprehensive building energy management system shall be employed in

order to provide central control, monitoring and management of energy usage
for the complete building services installation. The BMS system shall be linked
to the centralized energy monitoring centre. Zone control of internal
environments shall enable shutdown or set back of systems in unoccupied
areas.
 Condensate recovery from AHU & FCU shall be provided for re-use for
irrigation or toilet flushing.
 Greywater/waste water recycling i.e. showers, bathtubs, wash hand basins,

washing machines etc, for re-use for irrigation or toilet flushing.
 Stormwater harvesting for re-use for irrigation or toilet flushing.
 Use of high efficiency fixtures such as spray head and aerated low flow taps to
reduce energy and wastage.
 Use of low flush and dual flush toilets to reduce water consumption.
 Use of on site renewable sources, such as solar thermal domestic water

heating, and photo-voltaic (to be further developed during detailed design
stage of the project).
Authorised by: PL

2.3.2. Electrical and Specialist Lighting
Electrical & Specialist Lighting systems shall be designed with sustainability as a

prime consideration and in addition lighting systems will comply with the Dubai
Waterfront Guidelines for Sustainable Lighting (Validation Guidelines For Energy
and Lighting Simulations). The following (non exhaustive) list outlines the main
green design strategies associated with these systems:
 Natural daylight shall be considered for incorporation into the lighting design,
and integrated with the lighting controls system for the building in order to
reduce energy consumption associated with artificial lighting.
 A comprehensive lighting controls system shall be employed in order to

increase occupant comfort and effect energy savings. Typical controls shall
include automatic occupancy sensors, daylight sensors (photocells), time
control/sequencing.
 Home automation system shall be provided in residential buildings with facility

for internet communication for central energy management.
 Use of high efficiency luminaries complete with low wattage lamps and high
frequency control gear in order to optimize light output and reduce switching
losses.
 Use of low energy long life lighting sources, where appropriate, such as
fluorescent, compact fluorescent or LED.
 Exterior lighting of landscaping and architecture shall be limited and

illumination levels minimized where possible. Full cut off luminaries, low angle
spotlights and high efficiency low energy luminaries shall be utilised in order to
minimise energy consumption and reduce sky-glow.
 Automatic Power Factor Correction equipment shall be utilized to improve

power factor, reduce losses and optimize electrical energy tariffs.
Authorised by: PL

2.3.3. Civil and Architectural
Site wide strategies of building massing and location have been carefully
considered at this early concept design stage to ensure an environmentally
responsive building envelope. Sun paths, prevailing winds and local climate have
informed a building mass that aims to respond to the environment in a passive and
sustainable manner.
The use of shallow floor plates and large windows maximizes natural daylighting to
the majority of units whilst the considered design of large vertical areas of solid
render or cladding together with appropriately sized spandrel panels provide
substantial areas of solar barrier.
Through schematic and detail design, the specification of building materials and
detailed façade systems and selection of building management systems will be in
accordance with green design strategies.
2.3.4. Structures and Façade
The overall structural form of the building will be developed in conjunction with the
whole design team and ultimate end-user to achieve a building design which
minimises the use of materials, especially concrete, which have a very high
embodied energy and carbon footprint. The concrete frame of the building
produces the largest percentage of CO2 especially the manufacturing process.
Efficient structural design will minimise the size of the concrete elements which will
therefore reduce the associated CO2. We will also maximise the amount of
prefabricated elements which will reduce activities on site, and will potentially
produce a more efficient design and allow greater repeatability in structural
elements by use of current prefabrication/preassembly techniques.
2.4. Codes and Guidelines
The following codes and guidelines are likely to be applied to the project in order to meet the
requirements of various LEED credits and Development Control Regulations (DCR)
Appendix C:
 Local Erosion and Sedimentation Control Standards
 Local Definition of Wetlands, Prime Agricultural Land, Brownfield Sites
 National and Regional Endangered Species Lists
 Local Guideline on Management for Source of Non-Pollution in Coastal Waters
 American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ACEEE) annual vehicle rating guide
 ASTM E1903-97 Phase II Environmental Site Assessment
 ASTM E1980-01 Standard Practice for Calculating Solar Reflectance Index
 ASTM E408-71 Standard Test Method for Total Normal Emittance
 ASTM E903-96 Solar Absorptance, Reflectance and Transmittance
 ASTM E1918-97 Solar Reflectance of Horizontal Surfaces
 ASTM C1371-04 Determination of Emittance of Materials near Room Temperature

Authorised by: PL

 ASTM C1549-04 Determination of Solar Reflectance near Ambient Temperature
 ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2004 Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low Rise Residential
– Exterior Lighting Section 9
 IESNA RP-33
 The Energy Policy Act of 1992
 EPA Clean Air Cat, Title VI, Rule 608 Procedure Governing Refrigerant Management
and Reporting
 EPA List of Substitutes for Ozone-depleting Substances
 International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol (IPMVP) Volume III
 ISO 14021-1999 Environmental Labels and Declarations
 Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) Principles and Criteria
 ASHRAE 62.1-2004 Ventilation for Acceptance Indoor Air Quality
 ANSI/ASTM E779-03 Standard Test Method for Determining Air Leakage Rate
 SMACNA, IAQ Guidelines for Occupied Buildings Under Construction
 ANSI/ASHRAE 52.2-1999 Method of Testing General Ventilation
 South Coast Air Quality Management District Rule No. 1168 regarding VOC limits for
adhesives and sealants and Rule No. 1113 regarding Architectural Paint
 Green Seal Standard GS-36 regarding VOC Limits for Commercial adhesives, GS-11
regarding VOC Limits for Commercial Paints, GS-03 regarding VOC Limits for anti-
corrosive and anti-rust paints and coatings
 Carpet and Rug Institute Green Label Testing Program regarding VOC emission limits
for carpets and carpet cushion
 ASHRAE 55-2004 Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy
Authorised by: PL

3. Item 2: Incorporate Principles of the ASHRAE Green Guide
3.1. ASHRAE Green Guide
The reference text ‘ASHRAE Green Guide The Design, Construction, and Operation of
Sustainable Buildings’ presents building services engineers with guidance on how to
achieve a high performance, green or sustainable building particularly in conjunction with
the LEED rating system. It is not intended as an exhaustive text nor are engineers
encouraged to consider it a prescriptive guide on the subject matter.
Building services systems design shall be approached as a means to achieving industry

best practice, compliant with authority regulations in order to produce a building which is fit
for purpose in terms of the clients’ requirements. Current day practice now extends this to
providing the same building in the most highly efficient manner whether this is achieved by
optimization of the building form and systems to reduce energy consumption or by providing
such energy by means of highly specialized technologies such as renewables.
There is a process which needs to be followed in order to achieve a high performance

building. First and foremost, buildings must be maximized for energy efficiency and
performance. The building form and fabric presents the single largest opportunity for
energy savings to be realized both in terms of capital costs and ongoing operation and
maintenance costs. To ensure that this element is optimized will then lead onto the design
of services and systems within. These too should be designed thoughtfully and in full
consideration of the building function, i.e. correctly sized equipment without excessive
margins and then incorporation of the proper control strategy should ensure that these
elements use energy only as per the design intent and in the most efficient manner. Finally
designers may consider the means of how to provide such energy requirements which may
lead to incorporation of renewable sources such as solar thermal, photovoltaic’s (PV),
geothermal energy, wind power, biofuels or even energy from the tides.
The foundation of all best practice and sustainable design however should stem from being
‘appropriate’ whether that relates to building form and function or to location therefore solar
thermal and PV sources will only be considered for this project.
3.2. ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004
The design team will confirm compliance to the mandatory provisions and the prescriptive
(or performance) requirements of this standard. The building envelope, HVAC, lighting and
all the other systems are being designed to maximise energy performance.
In order to comply with LEED Energy & Atmosphere Credit 1, building energy performance
shall be optimized. This will be achieved via implementation of a series of design measures
as identified in sections 2.3.2.1 & 2.3.2.2 of this report i.e. provision of VFD's, lighting
controls, power factor correction, BEMS, heat recovery on air systems, solar thermal water
heating etc. All plant items will be selected so that efficiencies will comply with ASHRAE
90.1-2004.
3.3. Mandatory requirement for Energy consumption reduction
In accordance with the DCR Appendix C requires that the energy consumption within the
building should be 25% less than the base ASHRAE 90.1 2004 requirement. In order to
meet such reductions we would propose a number of energy saving techniques relating to
the building services and passive design of the building form as follows:
Authorised by: PL

3.3.1. Passive Design Principles
The first approach to reducing building energy use should always be microclimate
and passive design. Issues to be considered will include:
 The design of the building shall consider high insulation values and
construction quality so as to reduce the impact upon the internal environment
from changes in the external environment.
 Active solar control systems shall be considered such as the use of tinted
glazing and solar shading systems by means of overhangs or fixed shading
devices to reduce the impact of solar energy upon the building loads.
 A good airtight construction will ensure unintentional infiltration is minimized in

order to avoid unwanted moisture intrusion and heat gains to the building; this
shall be tested and verified by means of air pressure testing of the building
after construction.
 Design to maximize the use of natural day lighting on facades not impacted by
solar gains.
 Scale and massing of the building elements to provide shading.
3.3.2. Energy Efficient Building Services Strategies
This section proposes a consolidated approach towards energy efficient design and
examines the various techniques that could be employed to optimize the design.
Such energy efficient design strategy shall concentrate on three criteria:
 Demand – reducing the demand for heat and electrical energy at point of use,
whilst maintaining a comfortable operational environment and comply with
code standards.
 Generation – generating and distributing energy by the most efficient and least
environmentally detrimental means. Employing renewable energy sources
wherever they are economically viable and environmentally acceptable.
 Information – Information to promote best practices shall be made available to

all members of the design and construction teams. In turn comprehensive
operating and maintenance manuals shall be provided to the end user upon
completion of each phase of the development.
3.3.2.1. Mechanical Services Design
The following methods will be incorporated wherever possible and

practical in order to increase the energy efficiency of the building services
systems.
 Variable speed motors and drives shall be incorporated throughout

and are now relatively cost effective and could be considered on all
fans and pumps to optimize system operation. They will also enable
‘soft’ starting which will reduce the maximum power demand.
 Installation of heat recovery facilities in the extract/supply air systems

such as plate heat exchanges, thermal wheels, heat pipes and run
Authorised by: PL

around coils shall be used on air plant to ensure that the maximum
available energy is recovered for tempering the incoming ambient air.
 All ductwork and pipe work should be well insulated to minimize heat
distribution losses/gains and maximize potential energy recovery. All
ductwork and pipe sizes shall be optimized in order to reduce pump
and fan motor sizes.
 Modular, High efficiency plant and low NOx boilers shall be

incorporated to ensure the minimal impact upon the environment and
maximum output per energy input can be achieved. These shall be
linked to comprehensive control systems in order to optimize efficiency
in operation.
 A comprehensive building energy management system shall be

employed to provide control, monitoring and alarm of the new facility.
This will allow central control and management of energy usage for
complete building services installation. This also enables site
monitoring and energy tracking, data logging and remote monitoring
and adjustment. This system shall be interfaced with the development
centralised energy monitoring centre (as per DWF DCR requirements).
 Zoned control of the internal environments to ensure that areas can be

turned off or set back to avoid use of energy when areas are
unoccupied.
 Domestic hot water and cold water consumption are significant energy
users and the potential energy consumption and energy saving
measures can be substantial and overlap with many of the proposals
above.
 Utilise spray head and aerated low flow rate taps where possible to
reduce both water and energy wastage.
 Low flush and dual flush toilets with comprehensive flushing control
should be utilized to reduce water consumption and associated costs.
 A grey water/wastewater recycling system shall be incorporated within

the drainage design to enable savings in the mains water consumption
for provision or irrigation requirements and possible toilet flushing.
3.3.2.2. Electrical Services Design
The following methods shall be incorporated within the electrical scheme

to contribute to an energy efficient design.
 Selection of high efficiency lighting and appropriate lighting to the

environment.
 Natural day lighting should be considered for integration into the

design of the lighting installation where possible whilst minimizing
unwanted effects such as glare and solar gains.
 Energy consumption can be reduced by maximizing the penetration of

daylight and adopting a good lighting controls regime.
Authorised by: PL

 A comprehensive control strategy should be employed which includes

automatic time clock override switching to suit occupational trends and
to ensure that the artificial lighting is not unnecessarily left on. Cost-
effective smooth automatic light level controls including automatic
daylight linking and presence detection devices should also be
provided where possible, combined with local switching and dimming
controls.
 All control gear should be of a high frequency type in order to reduce

switching losses and high efficiency reflectors should be provided
where practical in order to optimize the light output.
 Maximize the use of compact fluorescent fittings for appropriate areas

in preference to other light sources; fluorescent lamps use
approximately 80% less energy than equivalent tungsten lamps and
last eight times as long.
 General electrical cabling distribution losses can be minimized by a

modest increase in the electrical cable size. Energy savings resulting
from the reduced voltage drop can easily out weigh the initial cost.
 Power factor correction could optimize electrical energy tariffs and

consumption by adjusting the lagging current to meet the requirements
of the supply authority.
 Time clock switching of electrical circuits to reflect occupational trends

could be considered. Avoid leaving appliances on stand-by.
3.3.3. Benefits of Energy Efficiency in Buildings
With the consideration of the above factors and all feasible energy efficiency
measures incorporated within the building design, the following benefits should be
realized:
 Reduced energy consumption and costs – potentially large reductions in

energy consumption are achievable over conventional designs.
 Reduced environmental impact – reduced CO2 and NOX emissions.
 Improved internal environmental conditions – well planned comprehensive

controls systems facilitating good local control of thermal environment.
 Extended useful life of plant – control intensive engineering services combined

with well planned controls systems resulting in reduced plant operational hours
and optimized energy usage.
Authorised by: PL

4. Item 3: Include Statement on LEED Rating System Score

Please refer to Appendix B for the preliminary LEED Project Checklist.
Authorised by: PL

5. Item 4: Include a Computer Model for Energy Performance
5.1. Building Information Modelling
The project is located within the Dubai Waterfront Development Madinat Al Arab, Dubai and
comprises Plot B-4 A-3, referred to as Transworld Holdings. The project comprises an 18
storey tower housing residential apartments, 2No basements and 1 No thirteen level pool,
common areas, as well as retail and gym space
North
Building Orientation
South Elevation North Elevation
South Elevation North Elevation
Authorised by: PL

East Elevation West Elevation
Figure 4.1 Building Models produced in IES VE
The building energy model has been prepared in the IES Virtual Environment simulation
software suite. The following input parameters form the basis of the energy simulation of
the model. The simulation shall follow the criteria outlined in ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2004
Appendix G Performance Rating Method to establish the improvement in performance as
required under the LEED rating system and the DCR Appendix C, between the baseline
building performance and the proposed building performance.
5.2. Input Data
The following parameters have been used to form the basis of design for the baseline
building performance.
Gross Floor Area 24,860 m2
No. of Floors 18
Building Usage Residential
Table 4.2 Building Parameters
Authorised by: PL

5.2.1. Environmental Conditions
The following environmental conditions have been used in accordance with the
JAFZA and Dubai Municipality Regulations.
External Conditions
Dry Bulb Temperature 46ºc
Wet Bulb Temperature 29ºc
Dubai City Location Latitude 25º North
Daily Diurnal Range 13.8 ºc
Table 4.3 External Conditions
Table 4.4 IES External Conditions
Authorised by: PL

Internal Conditions
Dry Bulb Temperature 24 ºc
Relative humidity 50±5%
Table 4.5 Internal Conditions
(Reference source Administrative Resolution No. (66) of 2003 Approving

Regulations on the Technical Specifications for Thermal insulation Systems and
Control of Energy Consumption for Air-conditioned Buildings in the Emirate of
Dubai)
Figure 4.6 Sun Path Diagram
5.2.2. Building Envelope Parameters Environmental Conditions
The building envelope comprises a lightweight curtain wall system made up of

glazed units and spandrel panels. This has been modelled to both the Dubai
Municipality and the ASHRAE Code requirements to verify approval of both parties.
The local code requirements of Dubai Municipality will remain the minimum
applicable building standard.
Dubai Municipality requires the following maximum U-values to form the basis of
design of the fabric elements of a building.
Authorised by: PL

Building Element U-value (W/m2.K)
Roof 0.44
Wall 0.57
Glazing 2.1 (Shading Coefficient 0.35)
Table 4.7 DM U-values
(Reference source Administrative Resolution No. (66) of 2003 Approving

Regulations on the Technical Specifications for Thermal insulation Systems and
Control of Energy Consumption for Air-conditioned Buildings in the Emirate of
Dubai)
ASHRAE requires the following maximum U-values to form the basis of design of
the fabric elements of a building.
Building Element U-value (W/m2.K)
Roof 0.36
Wall 0.71
Floor 1.825
Glazing 5.4 (Shading Coefficient 0.28)
Table 4.8 ASHRAE U-values
(Reference source ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 Energy Standard for

Buildings Except Low Rise Residential Buildings)
Authorised by: PL

Figure 4.9 Baseline External Wall as per ASHRAE 90.1 : 2004
Figure 4.10 Baseline Roof as per ASHRAE 90.1 : 2004
Authorised by: PL

Calculations have been carried out on the building envelope to ascertain the
temperature profile through the envelope and also to establish that interstitial
condensation will not form during a summer scenario.
Figure 4.11 Curtain Wall Section Detail
The model has been constructed to conform to the minimum requirements of both
DM and ASHRAE requirements.
5.2.3. Internal Gains Factors
4.2.3.1 Occupancy
The occupancy loads have been based upon the ASHRAE Fundamentals
Manual which indicates a recommended loading of two persons for the first
bedroom and one person per bedroom thereafter.
Apartment Size No. Of Occupants Considered
Studio 2
1 Bed 2
2 Bed 3
3 Bed 4 (plus 1 where Maids Room shown)
4 Bed 5 (plus 1 where Maids Room shown)
Table 4.12 Occupancy Loads
(Reference source ASHRAE Fundamentals 2001, Chapter 28 Residential Cooling

and Heating Load Calculations, section – Occupancy)
Authorised by: PL

Heat Gains Occupant Gains/Person (W)
Sensible 75
Latent 40
Table 4.13 Occupancy Heat Gains
(Reference source CIBSE Guide A 2006 Table 6.3 Typical rates at which heat is
given off by human beings in different states of activity/ASHRAE Handbook
Fundamentals 2001)
4.2.3.2 Lighting
The lighting loads have been based upon best practice engineering design
information for loads typical of this building type and for this stage of the
design. Lighting loads shall be refined in future stages in accordance with
the selected systems and the simulation re-run.
Space Type Lighting Load Assumed (W/m2)
Residential Apartments 12
Retail Units 12
Ancillary Areas 12
Table 4.14 Lighting Loads
(Reference source ASHRAE 90.1 : 2004, chapter 9 Lighting table 9.5.1

Lighting Power Densities Using the Building Area Method)
4.2.3.3 Small Power
The small power loads have been based upon best practice engineering
design information for loads typical of this building type.
Space Type Small Power Load Assumed (W/m2)
Residential Apartments 5
Retail Units 5
Ancillary Areas 5
Table 4.15 Small Power Loads
(Reference source ASHRAE 90.1 : 2004, chapter 8 Power)
4.2.3.4 Infiltration
The infiltration loads have been based upon best design engineering
practice information for loads typical of this building type.
Authorised by: PL

Space Type Air Change Rate (ach)
Residential 1
Retail Units 1
Ancillary Areas 1
Table 4.16 Infiltration Loads
(Reference source ASHRAE Fundamentals 2001, Chapter 28 Residential

Cooling and Heating Load Calculations, section – Latent Heat Sources
Table 7 & 8 averaged)
5.2.4. Schedules
The profiling of the building parameters provides information as to the usage

patterns on an hourly basis for each day of the week. Weekends are also
differentiated to ensure accurate profiling. A sample of the profiling inputs for
occupancy and lighting are shown below.
Table 4.17 Occupancy Profile
Table 4.18 Lighting Profile
5.3. Output Data
The geometrical model has been subjected to annual simulations using averaged weather
data files in order to assess annual energy demands. This takes into account electrical
Authorised by: PL

loads, lighting and small power loads, cooling loads comprising solar gains, occupancy
levels, ventilation rates and thermal loads due to the building fabric.
Given that the simulations produce very large output files, only a summary of the results is
included at this stage. Full details will be provided at the detailed submission stage.
5.3.1. ASHRAE baseline Load
The model was analyzed using the ASHRAE 90.1 - 2004 U-values in order to verify
compliance DCR requirements as an initial start point. It can be seen that such a
building form produces a total annual building energy consumption of 9253 MWh.
The model was further analyzed using DM U-values so that a comparison could be
made between ASHRAE and DM U-values and also in order to determine the
minimum proposed building energy consumption upon which the LEED certification
will be made. From the results of the analyses we able to determine that the
building did not comply with the 25% reduction in energy consumption over the
ASHRAE baseline as required by the Development Control Regulation Appendix C.
Figure 4.19 Failed DM Building Energy Consumption Breakdown

Chart
In lieu of the aforementioned the model was further analyzed using an increased
glazing specification. The glazing U-Value was changed from 2.1w/m2k with a
shading coefficient of 0.35 as per the DM values, to 1.41w/m2k with a shading
coefficient of 0.28
It can be seen that such a building with the new glazing produces a total annual
building energy consumption of 6938 MWh.
Authorised by: PL

Figure 4.20 ASHRAE and Proposed Building Energy Consumption

Breakdown Chart
Authorised by: PL

ASHRAE Building
Elevators 7 Interior Lighting

Cooking Escalators 9%
7% 0% Exterior Lighting
Refrigeration 2%
2%
Space Heating
Receptable 0%
Equipment
22% Space Cooling
29%
Service Weater Pumps
Heating 0%
0%
Fans Interior
Fans - Parking Heat Rejection
23%
Garage 0%
6%
Figure 4.21 ASHRAE Baseline Energy Consumption Breakdown
DM Building (c/w Glazing with U Value of 0.28w/m2k

and Shading Coefficient of 0.28)
Elevators 7
Interior Lighting
Cooking Escalators
12%
10% 0% Exterior Lighting
2%
Refrigeration
3% Space Heating
1%
Space Cooling
Receptable 22%
Equipment
29% Pumps
1%
Service Water
Heating Fans (Parking
0% Garage) Fans (Interior) Heat Rejection
8% 12% 0%
Figure 4.22 Proposed Building Energy Consumption Breakdown
5.3.2. Comparison between DM/ASHRAE Load Calculations
Given that the DM code compliant building has a better performance than the
ASHRAE compliant building then this will be the minimum building form which shall
be allowed for the development. However as the DM building model does not
provide an energy reduction of 25% over the ASHRAE 90.1 - 2004 building, the
Authorised by: PL

glazing will be improved to have a U-Value of 1.41w/m2k with a shading coefficient

of 0.28
The Development Control Regulation Appendix C necessitates a reduction in

energy consumption by a minimum of 25% over the ASHRAE baseline. As such we
can immediately see that such improvements will also lead to compliance with DCR
and LEED requirements.
5.3.3. Compliance with DCR Façade Thermal Performance
In order to verify compliance with the Development Control Regulations Appendix

C, the façade thermal performance must not exceed 35W/m2 over the gross floor
area. Based on the loads obtained above and the gross floor area as set out earlier
in the input parameters information, the calculation procedure is as follows:
Total Floor Plate Fabric Load
Floor Area Max Fabric Load Fabric Load
24,859 m
2
x 35 W/m2 = 870,065 W
Figure 4.23 Building Floor Area
Authorised by: PL

Based on the simulation carried out for the DM calculation results the façade
thermal load calculation attained the following results:
Floor Area 24,859 m2
Fabric Load 577,226 W
Load/Area 23.22 W/m2 Pass
Figure 4.24 DCR Compliance
The compliance with the DCR Façade Thermal Performance is based on a glazing
shading co-efficient of 0.28.
Authorised by: PL

Summary and Next Design Stage
For the purposes of this preliminary submission the proposed ASHRAE and DM
building performance has been presented. It has been verified that the proposed
building with the increased glazing specification to have a U-Value of 1.41w/m2k
with a shading coefficient of 0.28 now meets both the requirements of the Dubai
Municipality Regulations in terms of the minimum regulatory build standards of
Dubai, and in addition meets the minimum requirements as set out by ASHRAE as
part of the minimum requirements to meet the LEED criteria.
One important aspect to be identified from this process is that the design team is
able to establish where the maximum potential lies for making the proposed energy
reductions, which can then be targeted in the next design stage; typically as
follows:
 Further fabric element reductions are potentially available and these shall be
investigated in order to attempt to reduce the cooling load.
 Lighting efficiencies shall be improved (albeit this is a small percentage

reduction to the whole building energy).
 Incorporation of solar thermal hot water heating for a minimum of 50% of the
load
 Plant and equipment efficiencies shall be improved to achieve reductions in

this area since this is a substantial proportion of the energy consumption.
The design shall now be developed by the design team in order to determine the
nature of the proposed building and for the next design submission stage, a full
comparison shall be presented between the baseline building performance and the
proposed building performance in order to verify and validate the energy reductions
which have been achieved in order that these can be submitted for LEED
certification.
Authorised by: PL

6. Item 5: Include Design Statements for Carbon Reduction

The most common way of assessing the environmental impact of an item of equipment in use is to
calculate the amount of carbon emitted into the atmosphere as a result. The important benchmark
for this is the carbon index of the fuel source. This is expressed as either the Kg of carbon or the
Kg of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere per kWh of useful energy produced.
For fossil fuels, this is simply a function of the chemical processes of combustion of the fuel. For
electricity, the carbon index represents the average amount of CO2 produced as a result of mains
electricity generation and distribution. The current carbon indices are as follows:
Delivered Fuel Carbon Emission Factor
(kg CO2/kWh (kgC/kWh)
Biogas 0
Waste Heat 0
Biomass 0
Electricity 0.502 0.013
Natural Gas 0.19 0.053
LPG 0.068
Oil 0.25 0.074
Coal 0.30 0.086
Table 5.1 Carbon Indices
(Reference source BSRIA Rules of Thumb 2001, Chapter Energy and Carbon Issues, Table 1 –
Energy Conversions)
Mains electricity can be generated from a variety of sources (coal/oil/gas/nuclear/hydro-electric)

and is distributed via the national grid. Taking into account the distribution losses electricity
generation is typically only 40% efficient.
It is currently recognized that the most cost effective way to reduce CO2 emissions is through
energy efficiency measures. For all buildings, the total energy requirements should be reduced by
means of improving building fabric and incorporating and taking advantage of thermal mass,
passive design features (such as solar shading and natural ventilation), effective daylighting
incorporating energy saving features and controls and highly efficient plant.
Authorised by: PL

Gas 2,124 + 682,226

= 684,350kWh
The remaining energy

is provided by
electricity.
Table 5.2 Carbon Indices
Authorised by: PL

ASHRAE BUILDING = 9,253,764kwh Total (Electricity and Gas)
Gas = 684,350kWh / annum
Electricity = 8,569,414kWhr / annum
PROPOSED BUILDING = 6,937,790kwh Total (Electricity and Gas)
Gas = 684,350kWh / annum
Electricity = 6,253,440kWhr / annum
ASHRAE BUILDING GAS ENERGY (TOTAL) = 684,350kWh / annum
PROPOSED BUILDING GAS ENERGY (TOTAL) = 684,350kWh / annum
REDUCTION IN ENERGY (GAS) = 0 kWh / annum
ASHRAE BUILDING ELECTRICITY ENERGY (TOTAL) = 8,569,414kWhr / annum
PROPOSED BUILDING ELECTRICITY ENERGY (TOTAL) = 6,253,440kWhr / annum
REDUCTION IN ENERGY (ELECTRICITY) = 2,285,974 kWh / annum
0.013 / 2,285,974 = 5.69x10-9kgC (25%).
0.502 / 2,285,974 = 2.19x x10-7kgCO2 (25%).
As can be seen from sections 4.3.1 and 4.3.2, a saving of 2,285MWh is achieved using the DM
building load (over the baseline), which corresponds to a carbon reduction of 5.69x10-9kg of
Carbon (25%) and 2.19x10-7kg of Carbon Dioxide (25%).
Once all passive means have been identified, the use of renewables or alternative fuels will be
considered and thus it is useful to analyse the benefits of those available as in the following table.
Technology Carbon Dioxide Savings
Solar thermal Low-medium
Photovoltaics Low
Wind Power Low-medium
Biomass Boiler High
Geothermal sources Medium
CHP Medium-High
District Cooling Medium-High
Table 5.3 Carbon Dioxide Savings for Alternative & Renewable Technologies
Authorised by: PL

6.1. Reduction of Electricity usage
In order to reduce the total electricity consumption on

this development we shall be pursuing the options of
improved efficiency lighting systems, improved
efficiency plant systems and advocate the selection of
energy rated products wherever possible.
Such methods shall not only reduce the building energy

consumption but also achieve operational cost savings.
Once all of the energy efficiency measures have

been incorporated then the design team shall look at
the introduction of renewable energy sources.
There are points which can be obtained under the
LEED criteria which call for a minimum of 2.5% of
the energy required to be provided by renewable
sources.
In this case we shall investigate utilizing photovoltaics to supply ancillary power loads within
the building. This shall further reduce the electricity requirement of the building.
Authorised by: PL

6.2. Reduction of Gas usage
It is proposed that solar hot

water shall be used to
subsidize the centralized
gas domestic hot water
system in accordance with
DCR requirements. This will
effectively reduce the energy
consumption for this element
by the same proportion of
the percentage of solar hot
water provided along with
the carbon emissions.
(Source Endless Solar)
Authorised by: PL

7. Item 6: Include Proposal for Water Sensitive Urban Design

Sustainable water management considers maximizing water conservation through the integration
of various water conservation measures such as installation of water efficient fixtures, grey, waste
and condensate water collection, treatment and reuse, and where practicable rainwater and storm
water harvesting.
When investigating alternatives to potable water usage, the decision about matching alternative
sources of water to an appropriate end use shall take into consideration two major factors:
 The minimum level of treatment required to ensure that the water from the alternative source
is fit for the end use.
 The quantity of the water supply from the alternative source.
The most preferred match is where the quantity of the supply from the alternative source is able to
meet the demand of the end use with the least cost of treatment.
7.1. Reduction of Potable Water usage
In order to meet the requirement for reducing potable water usage on the development a
number of options intend to be followed. These include both the reduction of domestic
water consumption through the utilization of low flush and low flow fixture units, carefully
considered landscape design, pool management and also by means of recycling water that
would otherwise run to drain.
Potable Water Use Breakdown
Pool Make-Up
27%
Domestic Use
63%
Irrigation Use
10%
Figure 6.1 Baseline Building Potable Water Usage Breakdown
Authorised by: PL

7.1.1. Fixtures
Increasing the efficiency of fixtures can lead to significant

reductions in water demand and also translates into
considerable cost savings.
Toilets usually account for a significant portion of the total

water demand in a building of this nature. Based on an
average toilet with a dual 6 litres per flush and typical
usage patterns of occupants (3-4 times per day) it can be
seen that a reduction of 30-50% is achievable by the
utilization of low flush toilets.
Urinals in public facilities use an average of 3.8 litres per

flush. Waterless urinals commonly operate through the use
of an oil separating barrier to avoid odours escaping and
the fact that they use no water provides 100% savings in
use.
By adjusting the flow rate of taps whilst maintaining a

spray pattern, flow regulating tap aerators can significantly
reduce tap water use in hand wash basins and sinks.
Savings can be in the region of 25% or more using this
type of fixture.
Shower heads are typically the largest source of

residential water demand in a building. Typical non-
efficient shower heads have a flow rate of approximately
11 L/min in use; whereas highly efficient fixtures can be
as low as 5 L/minute, thereby contributing up to 50%
saving.
Fixture Type Baseline Building Proposed Building

Performance (EPA 1992) Performance
WC 6.1 l/f 4.2/3.0 l/f
Urinal 3.8 l/f 0
Shower Head 0.16 l/s (9.6 L/min) 0.11 l/s (6.6 L/min)
WHB 0.16 l/s (9.6 L/min) 0.11 l/s (6.6 L/min)
Kitchen Sink 0.16 l/s (9.6 L/min) 0.11 l/s (6.6 L/min)
Table 6.2 Fixture Types for Baseline and Proposed Building Performance
(Reference Source EPA 1992)
Authorised by: PL

A daily demand model has been developed to determine the volumes of water
required for each of the end uses and this shall form the basis of the baseline
building performance. This shall then be modified in accordance with all of the
water efficiency options proposed to achieve the proposed building performance
model. At this stage these are identified as schematics, for ease of reference, and
which shall be developed to include consumption figures as the building design is
progressed.
7.1.2. Irrigation
Irrigation needs can be drastically reduced by careful plant selection and design of
hard and soft landscaped areas. Drought resistant and native species typically use
less water than imported products and innovative design methodologies such as
Japanese gardens can meet aesthetic requirements of a scheme with less
detrimental effects on water consumption.
Species Months
May September December

June October January
July November February
August March
April
Palms (L/tree) 150 110 75
Ornamental trees (L/tree) 100 75 50
Shrubs (L/tree) 15 11 7.5
Hedges (L/tree) 10 8 5
2
Ornamental Grasses (L/m ) 10 10 8
Lawns/Ground Cover (L/m2) 12 10 8
Cactus/Succulents (L/plant) 8 6 4
Rock & Run Plants (L/plant) 10 8 6
Table 6.3 Irrigation Demands for a Variety of Trees, Plants and Shrubs
7.1.3. Swimming Pools
Swimming Pools can be effectively managed to use less water make up by use of
pool covers to prevent nighttime evaporation and hence reduce make up water
volumes, as this can be a substantial proportion of total potable water consumption
in a residential building.
7.2. Reuse of Graywater
Grey water commonly includes water from showers and bath tubs, wash hand basins and
washing machines. Kitchen sinks and dishwashers are usually excluded from grey water
recycling systems since they contain food products and grease/fats which requires a more
intensive treatment process in order to be reused.
Authorised by: PL

7.3. Reuse of Wastewater
Wastewater commonly includes water from kitchen sinks and dishwashers but also may
include industrial processes or contain waste products such as oils/petrol as in the case of
car washing bays etc.
Waste water and grey water treatment, as advocated in this case, requires treatment such
as screening, oil and grease removal, filtration and disinfection. The treated wastewater
can be utilized for one or more of the following:
 Toilet flushing
 Landscape Irrigation
7.4. Reuse of Recovered Condensate
Condensate recovery is relatively simple to achieve and only requires a dedicated drain
pipe system from the air handling plant and fan coil units to a collection tank. The water is
in a very pure form and can be used for the purposes of irrigation or for toilet flushing
without the need for further treatment, dependant upon storage periods.
7.5. Reuse of Fire Fighting System Test Water
The building fire fighting systems are required to be tested on a regular basis and this
requires for water to be visibly discharged. It is proposed however that this can be
accomplished whilst still draining the discharge water to a dedicated collection drain which
is then directed back into the condensate collection tank for reuse.
Again this water is in a very clean form and should need only minimal treatment dependant
upon the storage period.
7.6. Reuse of Pool Water Backwash
The swimming pool systems are required to be backwashed on a regular basis as part of
the cleaning regime. It is proposed that this backwash water can be returned to the
wastewater treatment plant for recycling and reuse.
The amount of treatment required depends upon the swimming pool treatment and
disinfection methods. Chlorination systems are not recommended and alternative systems
such as diatomaceous earth systems are preferable and reduce the treatment required
before re-use.
7.7. Reuse of Rainwater and Storm water
Whilst there is infrequent precipitation in the United Arab Emirates, it can be substantial in
volume. The water balance charts model the water systems on an annual basis to
determine the volumes of each element and thus will determine if this is worthwhile for
collection. It should be borne in mind that if collection tanks are already in place for other
systems such as condensate and firewater collection then there is little additional
expenditure involved in redirecting storm water and rainwater pipes to this tank.
Authorised by: PL

Measured Period Average Annual Rainfall
1934-2001 107.16mm
Table 6.4 Annual Precipitation for the UAE
(Reference Source Dubai Meteorological Office)
Rainwater harvesting system require an area of collection and traditionally the roof areas
represent the most common collection method and preferred option due to being the least
contaminated collection area. It is however possible to improve the impact on the overall
efficiency and sustainability by considering such areas as:
 Car parks and driveways
 Permeable paving/paved areas/terraces
These areas are typically many times greater than the roof area on the plot and thus the
potential for rainwater harvesting is considerable.
Whilst there are more contaminants associated with storm water and rainwater harvesting
systems these can be easily dealt with by filtration.
Some form of treatment is recommended even if the recycled water is only to be used for
irrigation and toilet flushing. The most common of these are UV sterilization and reverse
osmosis.
Based on the approximate irrigation requirements of the plot it has been estimated that
rainwater and storm water harvesting could contribute 10 days worth of irrigation water
requirements annually.
Authorised by: PL

Please refer to the figures below for the baseline and the proposed water and drainage
schematics:
Figure 6.5 Baseline Building Water and Drainage Schematic
Figure 6.6 Proposed Building Water and Drainage Schematic
Authorised by: PL

8. Item 7: Pollution Protection to Achieve Minimum Solar Impact
8.1. Façade Treatment
The façade design, detailing and construction will be carried out using green building
methodology, encompassing sustainability, environmental and energy design best practice.
Three fundamental considerations will be reviewed throughout the design and

documentation process to achieve this:
 Materials – sourcing sustainable and environmentally friendly materials wherever

possible.
 Thermal performance – ensuring that the facades prevent thermal heat gain to the
building in the most environmentally friendly, effective and efficient manner.
 Internal environment – ensuring that the facades allow sufficient indoor environmental
quality.
These design philosophies will be followed through during the procurement and construction
stages of the project to ensure the finished building achieves the green building design
intent.
8.2. Architectural Solutions
8.2.1. External Shading
Recessed and projecting balconies, louvred screens and projecting canopies have
been implemented to residential units where aesthetically appropriate to minimise
direct solar gain to the building façade.
At lower retail levels Streetwall Type 5, the retail façade is recessed such as to
provide increased solar shading to the ground floor north façade. Cantilevered
terraces to the south of the site together with removable shade structures and
planting will provide protection to outdoor private and commune areas.
8.2.2. Landscape
Wherever possible provision for shade shall be incorporated within the landscape
design to reduce solar impact. This will be achieved through strategic planting of
semi-mature trees and the use of external shade structures. Materials for shade
structures to have a minimum S.R.I of 29 which will be assessed within 5 years of
occupancy.
To further reduce solar gain large areas will be soft landscaped with grass and
shrub planting. Species will be selected for their low water demand and will be from
the ‘Madinat Al Arab – Development Control and Regulation Phase 1 – Table 14.1
Species Plant List’.
To further reduce solar impact water features and swimming pools will be
incorporated where practical.
Open grade paving systems will be used which incorporate high albedo materials to
reduce heat absorption and solar gain and comply with a minimum S.R.I of 29.
Orientation and juxtaposition of adjacent buildings will also assist in the

determination of locations for external seating and circulation.
Authorised by: PL

8.3. Use of Daylighting
Natural day lighting analyses has not been considered due to the low shading co-efficient of
the glazing, the sun azimuth angles for Dubai and that direct sunlight to the building façade
is mitigated through use of projecting canopies, recessed and projecting balconies and
louvred screens.
Authorised by: PL

9. Item 8: Windows and Wall Insulation Specifications
9.1. Glazing Specs
All glazing will be specified to meet the minimum requirements of Decree 66 as per the
Dubai Municipality regulation. This has been selected by the Architect.
9.2. Wall Build-up
Following the analysis of data produced by the energy modelling it is anticipated the detail
design of walls will be developed with the following variables –
 Increase or decrease in the performance of insulation,
 Increase or decrease in the thickness of insulation,
 Increase or decrease in the U values of adopted glazing,
 Increase or decrease in the glass to solid facade ratio.
Authorised by: PL

10. Item 9: Include Provisions for Shading All Non-Roof Surfaces

Wherever possible, provision for shade shall be incorporated within the landscape design to
reduce solar impact. This will be achieved through strategic planting of semi-mature trees and the
use of external shade structures. Materials for shade structures are to have a minimum Solar
Reflectance Index of 29 which is assessed within 5 years of occupancy.
To further reduce solar gain large areas will be soft landscaped with grass and shrub planting.
Species will be selected for their low water demand and will be from the ‘Madinat Al Arab –
Development Control and Regulation Phase 1 – Table 14.1 Species Plant List’.
To further reduce solar impact, water features will be incorporated.
Open grid paving systems will be used which incorporate high albedo materials to reduce heat
absorption and solar gain and comply with a minimum S.R.I of 29.
Orientation and juxtaposition of adjacent buildings will also assist in the determination of locations
for external seating and circulation.
Authorised by: PL

11. Item 10: State Roof Area Vegetation for High Emissivity Levels
The cooling load through the roof of a building can be substantial; it can also be reduced however
by means of two different technologies. These are green roofs and cool roofs and may be used
individually or in combination to achieve the desired effect.
11.1. Green Roofs
Where possible roof areas are to be designed as green roofs with a minimum S.R.I of 29.
Vegetation Species will be selected for their low water demand and will comply with the
‘Madinat Al Arab – Development Control and Regulation Phase 1 – Table 14.1 Species
Plant List’.
Roof gardens or
green roofs on
buildings can play a
part in improving the
energy performance
of the building. Roof
gardens can reduce
the urban heat island
effect, the overheating
of urban areas due to
an increase in paved
and concreted areas
in relation to ‘green’
areas. This reduction
may lead to
substantial energy savings. Other important benefits include prolonging roof life, filtering of
airborne particles, sound insulation, creation of aesthetically pleasing landscapes and storm
water retention.
11.2. Cool Roofs
Where possible roofing materials will be specified with a solar reflex index to minimise heat
gain through the roof and ceiling.
A cool roof is defined as a roof surface that has both high reflectivity and high emissivity.
High reflectivity requires the surfacing material to reflect solar energy away from the surface.
Cool materials for roofs are
generally bright white in colour,
although non-white colours are
starting to become available.
Roofs undergo significant
expansion and contraction as
they heat and cool throughout
the day and a reflective roof
can reduce the amount of
thermal shock that occurs on
the roof surface and extend the
roof life expectancy.
Cool Roofs must have high emissivity, allowing them to emit infrared energy. Unfortunately
bare metals and metallic coatings tend to have low emissivity and are not considered cool
materials. Heat absorbed by the roof can also accelerate degradation by ultraviolet rays and
water.
Authorised by: PL

Cool roofs reduce the roof surface temperature thereby reducing the heat transferred into
the building below. This helps to reduce energy costs, improve occupant comfort, cut
maintenance costs, increase the life cycle of the roof, and reduce urban heat islands along
with associated smog.
Roof Specification Emissivity Reflectance SRI
Flat or low sloped roof High > 0.65 High > 0.85 >78
Table 10.1 Minimum Roof Solar Reflectance Indices
11.3. Wetted Roofs
Wetted roofs provide a means to cool a roof surface by evaporative cooling. The water
used can be recycled wastewater and can be further collected and reused. The cooled
water allows passive cooling and can be combined with both cool roofs and vegetated roofs.
Authorised by: PL

APPENDIX A – LEED AP Certification
Authorised by: PL

APPENDIX B – Preliminary LEED Project Checklist
Authorised by: PL

Authorised by: PL

APPENDIX C – DCR Appendix C Deviation Schedule
Ref No. Requirement Design Deviation Technical Support
Authorised by: PL

APPENDIX D – USGBC LEED Registration

From: USGBC Billing [mailto:billing@usgbc.org] <mailto:[mailto:billing@usgbc.org]>
Sent: Thursday, October 09, 2008 3:59 PM
To: <bshobeiri@waterman-int.com <mailto:bshobeiri@waterman-int.com>>
Subject: Thank you for Your LEED Project Registration
Dear Banafsheh,
Thank you for registering a LEED-NC 2.2 with the U.S. Green Building
Council.Please save this confirmation notice for future reference. Your
order is complete and you can now access your project via LEED-online at
leedonline.usgbc.org.
Sale Order No. : 0010501680
Project Name : B4-A3
Project City : Dubai
Project State :
Project Country: AE
Primary Contact: Banafsheh
Your USGBC Project Access ID# is: 2521255725075852
The Project Access ID# provides project level access to the USGBC Web
site for project team members.
Simply have team members add this Project Access ID# to their account at
<http://www.usgbc.org/myUSGBC/Account/ProjectAccess.aspx?CMSPageID=1344>
As the project administrator you can also use LEED Online to add or
invite team members to your project - you do this at the Team Admin
page.
IMPORTANT Information:
All Projects:
All LEED projects are now required to achieve at least two (2) Optimize
Energy Performance points. LEED for Homes and LEED for Neighborhood
Development projects are exempt from this requirement. This requirement
will be mandatory for all other projects registering after June 26th,
2007. Projects registered prior to June 26th, 2007 will not be held to
this requirement; however USGBC encourages all LEED projects to utilize
the new mandate.
The two mandatory points will count towards the project's LEED
certification.
Additional information can be found at

<http://www.usgbc.org/News/PressReleaseDetails.aspx?ID=3217>.
Pilot Projects:
Please visit
<http://www.usgbc.org/myUSGBC/Projects/ProjectResources.aspx?CMSPageID=1323>
to access pilot project resources and letter templates.
If you have any questions, please contact us at:
Phone: 1-800-795-1747
Email: leedinfo@usgbc.org <mailto:leedinfo@usgbc.org>
Thank you again,
USGBC
Authorised by: PL

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Waterman Emirates Page No.

Our Ref: 22182

Prepared by: Waterman International

SHIGERU BAN ARCHITECTS

Doc ID: H:\LEED Books\Nakheel Environmentally Sustainable Design1.doc

Revision Record Sheet

A 22.02.09 Issued for Preliminary Design VL

Doc ID: H:\LEED Books\Nakheel Environmentally Sustainable Design1.doc

Rev ID: 1 Rev status: Preliminary Design Submission

Item Description Page No.

1. Item 1: The Sustainability Report by a Qualified Expert 2

1.1. Compliance to Appendix C of the Development Control Regulations: 2

2. Item 2: Incorporate Principles of the ASHRAE Green Guide 7

2.1. ASHRAE Green Guide 7

3. Item 3: Include Statement on LEED Rating System Score 11

4. Item 4: Include a Computer Model for Energy Performance 12

4.1. Building Information Modelling 12

5. Item 5: Include Design Statements for Carbon Reduction 27

5.1. Reduction of Electricity usage 30

6. Item 6: Include Proposal for Water Sensitive Urban Design 32

6.1. Reduction of Potable Water usage 32

7. Item 7: Pollution Protection to Achieve Minimum Solar Impact 38

7.1. Façade Treatment 38

8. Item 8: Windows and Wall Insulation Specifications 40

Doc ID: H:\LEED Books\Nakheel Environmentally Sustainable Design1.doc

Rev ID: 1 Rev status: Preliminary Design Submission

8.1. Glazing Specs 40

9. Item 9: Include Provisions for Shading All Non-Roof Surfaces 41

10.1. Green Roofs 42

B - Preliminary LEED Project Checklist 42

C - DCR Appendix C Deviation Schedule 52

D - USGBC LEED Registration 53

Doc ID: H:\LEED Books\Nakheel Environmentally Sustainable Design1.doc

Rev ID: 1 Rev status: Preliminary Design Submission

This report will address the following items:

 ITEM 1: The Sustainability Report by a Qualified Expert

 ITEM 2: Incorporate Principles of the ASHRAE Green Guide

 ITEM 3: Include Statement on LEED Rating System Score

 ITEM 4: Include a Computer Model for Energy Performance

 ITEM 5: Include Design Statement for Carbon Reductions

 ITEM 6: Include Proposal for Water Sensitive Urban Design

 ITEM 8: Windows / Balconies Design / Wall Insulation Specifications

 ITEM 9: Include Provisions for Shading All Non-Roof Surfaces

Doc ID: H:\LEED Books\Nakheel Environmentally Sustainable Design1.doc

1.1. Project Team

Terrell is a consultancy group of international stature specialized in all facets of building

1.2. Design Concept

2. Item 1: The Sustainability Report by a Qualified Expert

2.1. Compliance to Appendix C of the Development Control Regulations:

2.1.1. USGBC Gold LEED Rating

Doc ID: H:\LEED Books\Nakheel Environmentally Sustainable Design1.doc

Rev ID: 1 Rev status: Preliminary Design Submission

2.1.2. Sustainability Requirements

All design disciplines will confirm compliance to the mandatory sustainability

2.2. Compliance to “Environment, Health, Safety” Regulations for Green Building

2.3. Green Design Strategies

2.3.1. Mechanical and Building Management System

Mechanical & Building Management systems shall be designed with sustainability

 HVAC systems shall be designed to maximise energy performance. Heat